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ckdfg / e'msfpg] if8\oGq eO/x]sf]
pgsf] egfO 5 . dfcf]jfbL clGtd

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zflGt k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf
eO/x]sf] k|ultk|lt uDeL/ rf;f] JoSt
u/]sf 5g\ . dxf;lrj d'gn] z'qmaf/
k|wfgdGqL vgfnnfO{ 6]lnkmf]g u/L
zflGt / ;+ljwfgaf/] rf];f] JoSt
u/]sf x'g . ljjflbt ljifodf l56f]
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jfgn] g]kfnnfO{ cfjZos h'g;'s}
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atfP . 6]lnkmf]g jftf{sf qmddf
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zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg 7f];
sbd rfNg cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

hjfkmdf k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] ;'/Iff

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;+oS' t nf]stflGqs dw];L df]rf{;lxt
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eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . zflGt
k|lqmofsf] ;kmntfsf lglDt lglZrt
;do;Ldf tf]s/] k|oTg ul//x]sf] eGb}
pxfFn] geP /fhLgfdf lbg] cfgf] 3f]if0ff
hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5g\ . dxf;lrj
jfgsf ljz]if k|ltlglw Zofd'n tfd|f6n]
l5} g]kfn e|d0f ug]{ hfgsf/L klg
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ldng t'nfw/n] atfP .

/fi6;+3 h'g;'s} ;xof]u ug{ tof/ M jfg

dfcf]jfbL l;Wofpg ;+;b\jfbL rnv]n

sf7df8f} F . PsLs[ t g] s kf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0faf6
ljd'v u/fpg / ;+;b\jfbL bnbndf
km;fpg olta] n f b] z L, ljb] z L
k|ltlqmofjfbL / ;+;b\jfbLx sDd/
s;]/ nfu]sf 5g\ . PsLs[t g]skf
dfc] f jfbLnfO{ glauf/] /
geTsfP;Dd cfgf] n'6sf] :ju{
sfod /fVg g;Sg] ePkl5 pgLxn]
o:tf] k|k~r ckgfOPsf] /fhgLlts
ljZn]ifsxsf] 7x/ 5 . To;}n]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ laufg{ / eTsfpg
dfcf] j fbLleq cg] s f} F kbfjnL
e'm08fP/ lelqg ;kmn ePsf] u'6 /
aflx/ a;]/ RofFv] yfKg] ;+;b\jfbL /
;+zf]wgjfbLx olta]nf sDd/ s;]/
d} b fgdf plqPsf 5g\ . o;} s f]
pkh:jk lxhf] hgo'4 / To;sf]
g]tT[ jsf] rsf]{ cfnf]rgf ug]x{ cfh
5]kf/] z}nLdf cfgf ultljlwx
cufl8 a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{ cWoIf k|r08sf] u'gufg ufP/
kf6L{sf cGo jl/i7 g]tfxnfO{

tyfgfd ufnL ub}{ cfgf jQmJoafhL

;fj{hlgs ub}{ cfPsf jfd ljZn]ifs
elgg] ;+zf]wgjfbLx 5]kf/L z}nLdf
cl3 a9]sf 5g\ . k|r08n] To:tf
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k|r08 k|wfgdGqL x'g] bfpdf nfu]sf]
;|f]tn] atfPsf] 5 .
kf6L{leq / aflx/af6 /fli6o
;xdltsf] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j dfcf]jfbL
pkfWoIf 8f= afa'/fd e/fO{n] ug'k{ g]{
s'/f hf]8tf]8n] pl7/x]sf] a]nf k|r08
cfkm}F k|wfgdGqL x'g] s'/f aflx/ cfPsf]
xf] . dfcf]jfbLleqsf] ;+3if{df v]Nb}
sfFu;
]| , Pdfn]nufotsf bnn] slxn]
s;nfO{ t slxn] s;nfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf]
uf] 6 L kmfNb} cfPsf 5g\ . s] x L
;docl3b] l v nuftf/kdf
e/fO{nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg'k5{
eGg]x clxn] k'gM k|r08nfO{ efjL
k|wfgdGqLsf] kdf cufl8 ;fg{
sDd/ s;]/ nfu]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
k| r 08nfO{ k| w fgdGqL agfpg
kf6L{leqaf6 eGbf klg aflx/af6
v]nx ;'? ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .

ljB't\ k|flws/0fdf sd{rf/L / g]tfsf] /hfO

sf7df8f}F . dxfgu/Lo cfo'Stsf]

sfof{non] k|x/Lsf] cfrf/ ;'wf/ tyf
gful/ssf] ;'/IffnfO{{ k|fyldstfdf
/fv]/ pkTosfsf] ;'/Iff /0fgLlt
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ k|fyldstf
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . gf} a'Fbf /x]sf
k|fyldstfxdWo] klxnf] sfd g}
sd{rf/Lleq}sf] cfrf/0f, Jojxf/ /
Jofj;flostfdf ;' w f/ ug{ ] 5 .
k| x /Lsf k| f yldstfdf k| x /L
sd{rf/Lsf] cfrf/0f, Jojxf/ /
Jofj;flostfdf ;'wf/ , e|i6frf/,
ck/fw / b08xLgtflj?4 z" G o
;xgzLntf, lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ kf/bzL{ /
hgd'vL k|x/L ;]jf, kl/0ffdd'vL
cg';Gwfg / sf/afxL, u'08fubL{ /

;+ul7t ck/fw lgoGq0f, k|ljlw

k|of]udf hf]8, dxfgu/Lo k|x/LnfO{{
cfjZosLo sfg'gL clwsf/, k|x/L
kl/rfngdf kl/dfh{g / lj:tf/,
gful/s ;DaGw / ;dGjo 5g\ .
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cGo ljs[ltx x6fpg g;Sg] ePsfn]
klxnf] k|fyldstfdf cfrf/0f ;'wf/nfO{{
/fv]sf] atfP . k|x/L ;+u7gdf :jR5
5ljdf ulgg] pgn] bf];f| ] k|fyldstfdf
e| i 6frf/ lgoGq0f, ck/fw /
b08xLgtflj?4 z"Go ;xgzLntf
/fv]sf 5g\ . t];f| d] f dfq} lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{
kf/bzL{ / hgd'vL k|x/L ;]jf /fv]sf
5g\ . cfo'Stsf] sfof{nocg';f/ s'g}
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f}F . b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf

ePsf] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] hUuf
cltqmd0fdf sd{rf/Lb]lv ;fj{hlgs
kb wf/0f u/]sf JolSt g]tf x;d]t
/x]sf] k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 .
k|flws/0fn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L
d'ns
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!$&% /f] k gL !# cfgf hUuf
cltqmd0f ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf]
5 . . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] sl/a !,%)) /f]kgL
hUuf cltqmd0fdf sd{rf/Lx /
g]tf ;+nUg /x]sf] v'nf;f ePsf] 5 .
cltqmd0f ePsf] hUufdf lqz'nL
hnljB't s]Gb|sf] !!&% /f]kgL,
s'n]vfgL k|yd hnljB't s]Gb|sf] ^
/f]kgL, afnfh' ;a :6]zgsf] #%
/f]kgL, ;'gsf]zL hnljB't s]Gb|sf]
#! /f]kgL, kmlk{ hnljB't s]Gb|sf]
^^ /f]kgL u/L em08} ! ca{ &! s/f]8
%% nfv a/fa/sf] hUuf cltqmd0fdf

sf7df8f}F . bz jif{sf] ;z:q

hgo'4 g]kfnL ;dfhsf] kfGt/0fsf]
dxTjk"0f{ sfnv08 xf] . ToxL ;dodf
ePsf Jofks sf/jfxLn] pTkLl8t
hgtfnfO{ cfgf] xs / clwsf/
klxrfgsf] nflu n8\g emsemsfof] .
ToxL hgo'4sf] sf/0f dfcf]jfbLsf
cWoIf k|r08 g]kfnsf] gfos kdf
pbfP . dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08nfO{
Tof] :yfgdf k'ofpg rf}w xhf/
g]kfnL hgtfsf] alnbfgL eof] . xhf/f}F
3fOt] / ckf eP, nfvf}F g]kfnL
hgtfn] kl;gf aufP . k|r08sf
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cWoIfnfO{ :yflkt ug{ 7"nf] ldx]gt
u/] . jf:tjdf Tolta]nf sf]xL :jtGq
eP/ /xg ;s]gg . olta]nf cWoIf
k|r08nfO{ kf6L{ k'm6fP/ ePklg
cufl8 a9\g / c lzif{y g]tfxnfO{
6k/] eGg] ;flxTosf/ vu]Gb| ;+uf| nfn]

To; hgo'4nfO{ s;/L a'em] sf lyP .

;f] s'/f hfGgsf] nflu Tolta]nf pgn]
n]v]sf] rlr{t pkGof; h'gls/Lsf]
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To} t d eGg vf]Hb}r', ;/ .
d]/f] s'/f] To}lyd\ k'Ugk'Ug vf]Hb}Yof] .
36gfsf] b'Zo ;Demg vf]h]e}+m u/L
p, clna]/ cl8of] . clg aofg ug{
yfNof], s'/f] s;f] k/f] eg] ;/, d]nf
kfvf usf d'G5]hlt ;Kk} 3/ kms]{ .
hf] esf] cf6f]lk7f] pdfn], vfP .
;'Tg] a]nf ef], ;Kk} ;'t] . ufd rsdGg
ef], /ft l5lKkb} uf] . cGt l7Ss To}
a]nf kf/]/ k}n] xfd|f] aft dfg]{ 6x/f]
ePlt/j0f cke{m6 /fFs]e"t lgSNof],
;/ . ufdsf s:;}nfO{ So} cQf]kQf]
5}g . d'G5]sf s'/f s] u/d\ ;/, r/f
d";fnfO{ lg OlQ So} yf glbsg, k'mQ

b'nf6L lg:s]e}+m c/L /fFs]e"t k'mQ

lg:Sof] . d'lvof 3/ agfDg] 7fddf
lbgel/ 8\of\8\of\ 9'f kmf]/]/ k]b'
vf/ ;'Tof d'G5]sf] lgGb|, To:tf]nfO{
lg s;/L eft] lgGb| eGg ldNr < d
xf] To:tf] lgGb|fdf kof y], ;/ . d
t ;/, PSsfl;t em:s]/ laDe]+m5' .
tGb|fsf] avtdf stfstf6L d'G5\of
af]nL ;'Gofe}m+ nfuf] . cf====dWo] /ftfF
sf] af]NYof] < st} s;}sf] e'/f] /f]sf]
xf] ls < st} s;}sL cfOdfO{ Aofpg
nfUof kf] xf] ls < lgGb|fn] 5f]lk/fVof
d]/f] dgdf xf] o:t}o:t} s'/f v]Ng
yfn], ;/ . lgGb|fn] clNn 5f8]l; ;/,
d}n] ho, ho eGof xf] eGg nfuf]
dnfO{ . ;'Tof;'To} o;f] 3f]lTnbfx'bF L
cfg} ;kgf lau|/] cfg} sfgn] x'bF f]
gx'bF f] ho, ho ;'Gof xf]nf eGg] nfuf]
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-afF s L & k] h df_

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JolQmx;d]t k|r08nfO{ k|wfgdGqL
agfP/ dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ l eqsf]
cGt/;+ 3 if{ n fO{ emg} rsf{ p g]
dfgl;stfdf b]lvPsf] ;|ft] n] pNn]v
u/]sf] 5 . ;+zf]wgjfbLxsf] sfFwdf
/x]sf] k|r08 k|wfgdGqL aGg vf]Hg'
;du| qmflGt / hgo'4sf] ckdfg x'g]
ljZn] i fsxn] atfPsf 5g\ .
pgLxn] kf6L{leqsf] ;xdltdf
h;nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfP klg x'g]
eGb} aflx/L JolQmxsf] l;kmfl/;df
k|r08 k|wfgdGqL aGg' vt/gfs
x'g];d]t cf}FNofPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL
sfFu|];sf ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnf
dfcf]jfbLsf] tkm{af6 k|r08nfO{
k| w fgdGqL elg/x] s f 5g\ eg]
k| r 08rflxF To;d} cndlnP/
sfFu|];sf g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{
k|wfgdGqL aGg l;kmfl/; ul//x]sf
5g\ . 8f= e/fO{ n fO{ s' g } klg
xfntdf k| w fgdGqL aGg glbg]
sf08sf] sf/0f k|r08n] cg]sg sf8{
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

dfcf] j fbL dGqLnfO{

cfrf/;+ l xtfsf] 3] / f

k/]sf] hfgsf/L k|flws/0fn] u/fPsf]

xf] . k| f lws/0ff/f cfof] l ht
kqsf/;Dd]ngdf hUuf cltqmd0f
ug{ sfo{df k|flws/0fsf ;fgf txsf
sd{rf/Lb]lv xflsd ;d]t ;+nUg
/x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf
k|flws/0fsf] afnfh' ;a:6];gsf]
hUufdf /fli6o k|hftGq kf6L{sf g]tf
k"j{dGqL xl/axfb'/ yfkf, /fdcfwf/
rf} w /L, b' u f{ b ] j L l3ld/] , bLks
/fhj+zLnufotsf 5hgfn] ldr]/ 3/
agfPsf] k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L k|flws/0fn] ;f]xL hUufdf
ef]hljqmd yfkf, nIdLgf/fo0f dfgGw/,
dfwjWjh du/, dfgaxfb'/ 9'ufgf
/fddfg dfgGw/ / ks /fhj+zL,
;fljqL zdf{, zfGt]Zj/ lxdfnLn] klg
hUuf ldr]sf] atfPsf] 5 .
lqz"nL hnljB't s]Gb|sf] sl/a
$@* /f] k gL hUuf !$! hgfn]
cltqmd0f u/]sf] tYof ;fj{hlgs

ub}{ k|flws/0f ;DklQ dxfzfvfsL

lgb]z
{ sn] ;f] s]Gb|sf] hUuf cltqmd0f
u/L *& j6f 3/x ag]sf] atfP .
pgn] d'n'se/ k|flws/0fsf] hDdf
@! :yfgdf !$ xhf/ %*$ /f]kgL
hUuf /x]sf]df Ps xhf/ $&$ /f]kgL
hUuf eg] cn] g} cltqmd0f ePsf]
hfgsf/L lbFb} tL cltqmd0f ePsf]
hUufsf] xsdf k|flws/0fn] xs sfod
ug{] qmddf /x]sf] atfP .
k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fPsf]
tYofdf afnfh' ;a:6];gsf] sl/j
#% /f]kgL hUufsf] ?= Ps ca{ !$
s/f]8 *) nfv a/fa/sf] hUuf
cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 eg] lqz"nL
hnljB't s]Gb|sf] sl/a Ps xhf/
!&$ /f]kgL hUufsf] !* s/f]8 &(
nfv *) xhf/ k}ofF a/fa/sf] hUuf
cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L kmlk{ hnljB' s]Gb|sf]
-afF s L & k] h df_

sf7df8f} F . PsLs[ t g] s kf
dfcf] j fbLn] cfgf] kf6L{ a f6
;/sf/df k7fPsf dGqLxnfO{
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] 3]/fleq /fVg] ePsf]
5 . kf6L{sf] nIo / p2]ZonfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf] lglDt
o:tf] gLlt lnPsf] dfcf]jfbLn]
atfPsf] 5 . o;}aLr, PsLs[t
dfcf]jfbLn] gofF dGqLnfO{ kfFr
lbgleq ;DklQ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs
ug]{nufot !% a'Fb] cfrf/;+lxtf
kfngf ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .
kf6L{n] z'qmaf/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
;+lxtfdf kbaf6 d'Qm ePkl5 klg
kfFr lbgleq} km]l/ ;DklQ ljj/0f
;fj{ h lgs ug{ elgPsf] 5 .
gft]bf/nfO{ lghL tyf :jsLo ;lrj
g/fVg, ;Dej eP;Dd ;dfj]zL
agfpg, e| i 6frf/ lgoGq0f /
e| i 6frf/Ldflysf] sf/jfxLdf
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

Ps hdfgf lyof], PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL_ sf ;a} g]tfxn] 5ftL

k'mnfP/ / lz/ 7f8f] kf/]/ clg uj{sf]
;f; km]//] pb\3f]if u/]sf lyP xfdL
ah'j{ f ;+;b\jfbL xf]Ogf}F / s'g} klg
xfntdf ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ :jLsfg]{

lgjf{rgdf cfcfgf] kf6L{sf] 3]/faGbL,

cg'zf;g / kl/lweGbf dfly p7] /
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljhoL agfP .
7Ls cfhsf] ldltdf cl8P/eGbf
hgtfdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lg/fzf 5fPsf]
5 . Toqf] o'4 n8]/ cfPsf] kf6L{, ;f/f

k|wfgdGqLsf] kdf l;+xb/af/df kmf]6f]

e'm08fpg] /x/ . tnsfnfO{ klg w]/}
k6s dGqL alg/xg] /x/, Tof]eGbf klg
tnsfnfO{ ;w}eF l/ ;f+;b alg/xg] /x/ .
dfs'gk] y ToxL xf], h;n] leq 1fg]Gb|sf]
kfpdf ;f:6f, wg'i6+sf/ b08jt uof]
/ aflx/ ax' b nLo hgjfb clg
;dfhjfbsf] s'/f uof] . lg/\sz
'
/fhtGq tyf 1fg]Gb|sf] s' sf lj?4
cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf] a]nfdf ;/sf/df
;xefuL x'g] ckm/ kfpgf;fy /ftf/ft
cfGbf]ngaf6 efu]/ k|ltudg cfwf
;lRrPsf] pb\3f]if uof] . hgtfn]
olta]/ k|Zg p7fpFb5
} g\, st} c3f]lift
dfs'g] jf ;"oa{ xfb'/ yfkfky / :ylut
k|r08kysf] lgolt Pp6} x'g] t xf]Og <
k|Zg p7\5 s]xL ;fOgf] xf]nf jf lans'n}
gxf]nf < dxfsfnL ;lGw u/]/ /fli6otfsf]
gf/f nufpg] dbg e08f/Lkl5sf]
-afF s L clGtd k] h df_

nf} x]g;{' ,\ ;uf| n} fsf] c;nL k ;+ljwfg;ef / a'hj{' f ;+;b\aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w

If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt

5}gf}F . clg km]l/ w]/} g]tfxn] eg]sf

lyP xfdL ;+ljwfg;ef gfdsf] ;'uF /' sf]
vf]/leq xf]ldPsf 5f}F / To;nfO{ ;kmfO
ug]{ cleofgdf 5f}F . cfdhgtfn]
9'Ss;Fu cfFvf lrDn]/ ljZjf; u/]sf
lyP ;fob o; k6s hgtfn] wf]sf
kfpg] 5}gg\ . hlt wf]sf kfpg' kfO;s],F
ca eg] To:tf] x'g] 5}g, oxL ljZjf;
lyof], hgtfdf . hgtfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf]

;+;f/nfO{ rlst kfb}{ cufl8 a9]sf]

kf6L{ g]tT[ j clxn] eg] cg'dfg} ug{
g;lsg] b'/fj:yflt/ ws]lnFb5
} . ;fob
pxL ;"oa{ xfb'/ yfkf, nf]sG] b|axfb'/ rGb,
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf jf dfwj
g]kfnkysf] k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] cfef;
ldNb}5 . k|r08ky st} c3f]lift dfs'g]
kydf ljno x'g] t xf]Og eGg] lrGtf
a9] s f] 5 . s;} n fO{ Ps k6s

ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}

s= dfcf]T;] t'

#(,, ;fpg @@ ut] cfOtaf/ @)^

@)^**
jif{ $, c+s #(

- ;DkfbsL;DkfbsLo
cf}lrToxLg cj/f]w
ut h]7 !$ ut] k|dv
' bnxaLr ePsf] kfFr a'bF ] ;xdltcg';f/
k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf glbPsf] eGb} g]kfnL sfFu;
]| n] k|wfgdGqL
emngfy vgfnsf] /fhLgfdfsf] dfu ub}{ nuftf/ Joj:yflksf
;+;b\sf] a}7s cj?4 ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;+;b\ cj?4 x'bF f ;/sf/sf]
ljhg]z dfq cj?4 geO{ sfFu;
]| n] g} k|:t't ug{k' g{] k|ltj]bg;d]t
c8\lsPsf] 5 . sfFu;
]| s} sltko g]tfxn] ;d]t nuftf/ ;+;b\
cj?4 ug's
{ f] cf}lrTo g/x]sf] eGb} lj/f]w ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
sfFu;
]| sf] cj/f]wsf sf/0f Joj:yflksf;+;b\sf] a}7s nuftf/
cj?4 5 . ;+;b\df k|:t't x'gc
' l3 g} ah]6 ;fj{hlgs ePsf]
af/]df 5fgljg ug{ u7g ul/Psf] ;ldltn] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfl/;s]sf]
5 t/ nuftf/ ;+;b\ cj?4 ePsfn] k|ltj]bg ;+;b\df k|:t't x'g
;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ut h]7 !$ ut] k|dv
' bnxaLr ePsf] kfFr a'bF ]
;xdltcg';f/ k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf glbP;Dd ;+;b\ rNg
glbg] sfFu;
]| ;+;bLo bnsf] lg0f{o clxn] sfFu;
]| s} nflu 3fF8f]
ePsf] 5 . Tolt dfq geO{ sfFu;
]| s} sltko g]tfx nuftf/sf]
;+;b\ cj/f]wsf] cf}lrTo k'li6 ug{ g;lsg] eGb} kf6L{sf] lg0f{kl| t
v'n/] } c;xdlt hgfO/x]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn]
klg cfufdL ;fpg @* ut]leq zflGtk|lqmofsf dxTjk"0f{ ljifoxdf
;xdlt geP /fhLgfdf ug]{ 3f]if0ff ub}{ sfFu;
]| nfO{ ;+;b\ v'nfpg
cfu|x u/] . t/ sfFu;
]| n] ;+;b\ cj/f]w emg} ;zSt agfpg] 3f]if0ff
ub}{ cj/f]w hf/L g} /fv]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf dfu ub}{
o;/L ;+;b\ cj/f]w hf/L /fVbf g/fd|f] glh/ a:g] / o;n] ;+;bLo
Joj:yfnfO{ g} cK7\of/f] kfg{;Sg] 5 . PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL /
Pdfn] k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf lbg] 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf sf/0f ca
;+;b\ cj/f]wsf] s'g} t's 5}g . ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifodf kg]{
ah]6 ;fpg #! leq kf; ul/;Sg] ;/sf/L of]hgfnfO{ of] cj/f]wn]
g/fd|/L g} k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . kfFr a'bF ] ;xdltdf /fhLgfdf lbg
;xdt ePsf k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn] ;dod} /fhLgfdf
glbg'df, k|ltkIfn] va/bf/L ug{ :jefljs} xf] . t/ cfg} kf6L{sf]
c;xdltsf aLr klg ;+;b\ cj/f]w hf/L /fVbf o;af6 kf6L{leqsf]
ljjfbdf yk dnhn k'Ug] vt/fnfO{ klg sfFu;
]| g]tT[ jn] Wofg
k'ofpg'knf{ . d'ns
' nfO{ lgsf; lbgsf nflu g]kfnL sfFu;
]| n] ug]{
lg0f{on] ljz]if cy{ /fV5 . /fi6 / hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ ;jf]k{ /L 7fg]/
cufl8 a9\g] xf] eg] zflGt / ;+ljwfg ;xh 9n] k|fKt ug{ ;Dej
5 . cGoyf g]kfn c;kmn /fi6 aGg] 5 / km]l/ Gdf ?dlNng] 5 .
kl5Nnf] l:ylt cfpg glbgsf nflu g]kfnL sfFu;
]| zflGt /
;+ljwfgk|lt uDeL/ aGg h?/L 5 .

kN;/ :kf]6{;\ cjf8{ ebf} @% df x'g]

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn v]ns'b kqsf/
d~rn] x/]s jif c
{ fof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf]
k|ltli7t kN;/ :kf]6{ cjf8{@)^&
of] jif{cfufdL ebf} @% ut] ug]{
hgfPsf] 5 . o;jif{sf] kN;/ :kf]6{\
cjf8{ @)^& sf] pTs[i6 k'?if /
dlxnf ljh]tfnfO{{ kN;/ df]6/;fOsn
k|bfg ug{] ePsf] 5 . o:t} cGo
ljwfsf ljh]tfnfO{{ gub #) xhf/af6
;Ddfg ul/g] ut a'waf/ /fhwfgL
cfof]lht cjf8{ 3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf
hfgsf/L u/fOof] . sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo
k|fof]hs x+;/fh x'nf;rGb P08
sDkgL k|fln;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf kl5
cjf8{sf] gofF k|:t'ltsf] kdf b'O{
df]6/;fOsn lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] .
cjf8{ 3f]if0ff tyf ;Demf}t fkq
x:tfGt/0f sfo{ q mddf x+ ; /fh
x'nf;rGb P08 sDkgL k|flnsf
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs z]v/ uf]N5f /
d~rsf cWoIf lg/Ghg /fhj+zLn]
/f] o n l;F u ] xf] 6 ndf cfof] l ht
sfo{qmddf ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf/
u/]sf lyP . x+;/fh x'nf;rGb P08
sDkgL k|flnn] k|fof]hg % jif{sf] nflu
u/]sf] xf] . ;Demf}tf kl5 x/]s
jif{h:t} cjf8{sf] gfd kN;/ :kf]6;
\

cjf8{ @)^& /xg] ePsf] 5 . of] jif{

cfof]hgf x'g] kN;/ :kf]6;
{ cjf8{sf
* ljwf /xg] 5g\ . h;df kN;/ jif{sf]
pTs[6 k'?if v]nf8L, kN;/ jif{sf]
pTs[i6 dlxnf v]nf8L, kN;/ jif{sf]
pTs[i6 o'jf v]nf8L, kN;/ jif{sf]
pTs[i6 k|lzIfs, kN;/ jif{sf] pTs[i6
kf/f Pyln6, nfOkm6fOd Plred]G6
cjf8{ :k]zn cjf8{/ kN;/ kk'n/
Kn]o/ ckm b Oo/ 5g\ . :k]zn
cjf8{ nfOkm6fOd Plred]G6 cjf8{
/ kN;/ jif{sf] pTs[i6 kf/f Pyln6sf]
3f]if0ff sfo{qmdsf lbg cyf{t efb|
@% ut] g} x'g]5 eg] kk'n/ Kn]o/
ckm b Oo/afx]ssf cGo $ ljwfdf
kfFrkfFr v]nf8Lsf] dgf]gog ul/g]5
/ PsnfO{{ k'/:s[t ul/g] 5 . o:t},
kk'n/ Kn]o/ ckm b Oo/sf xsdf
;ft v]nf8Lsf] dgf]gog klg rfF8}
;fj{ h lgs ul/g] PgP;h] P kmsf
dxf;lrj x]dGt sfn]n] atfP .
kk'n/ v]nf8Lsf ljh]tf P;PdP;
ef]l6sf] cfwf/df 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .
;a} ljwfsf] dgf]gog d~rn] ;lrj
dx]z cfrfo{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g
u/]sf] % ;b:oLo 5gf]6 ;ldltn]
;fj{hlgs ug]{5 .

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

oyfl:yltjfbL ;f]r g} ;d:osf] uf7f]

;dosf] 3]/f] ;fF3l' /Fb} 5 . ug'k{ g]{

cToGt dxTjk"0f{ sfdx Tolts}
c;/Nn} 5g\ . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf
dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x d'Vo tyf lg0ff{os
laGb'df cfP/ cl8Psf 5g\ . ;d:ofsf]
;sf/fTds ;dfwfg rfxg]x tyf
;d:of aNemfP/ wldnf] kfgLdf df5f
dfg{ vf]Hg]xsf] aLrsf] o'4 c? k]lrnf]
aGb} uO/x] s f] 5 . hgtfsf]
clxn];Ddsf] Tofu, tk:of, alnbfgL
tyf nufgLn] ;f]r] h:tf] k|ltkmn lbG5
jf lbFbg} , cfk"mn] nufPsf] afnL /fd|f;] uF
hgtfn] leq\ofpg kfpF5g jf cl;gfn]
r'6]/ af/Ld} ;vfk agfpF5 eGg]
lrGtfn] ;du| b]znfO{ lk/f]ns
] f] 5 .
hgtfsf] rfxgf zflGt xf], clwsf/
;DkGg ;+ l jwfg xf] , cu| u fdL
k'g;{/+ rgf;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn xf] . ;do
3ls{b} uO/x]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts j[Qdf
d'Vo t b'O{ wf/sf] ljsf; eO/x]sf]
5 . h;dWo] Pp6f wf/n] cfk"mnfO{
nf]stGqsf] kof{o 7fG5, h;n]
oyfl:yltsf] kIfkf]if0f u5{ . of] jf Tof]
afxfgfdf hgtfsf] kl/jt{g tyf
;dfgtfsf] rfxfgfdf t'iff/fkft ug{
tlNng 5 . To;}n] pQm wf/n] /fHosf]
cu|ufdL k'g;{/+ rgfnfO{ xfpu'hL b]V5 .
;]gf ;dfof]hgnfO{ cfTd;dk0f{df nu]/
6'U+ ofpg] s'r:] 6f u5{ . k'h
F Ljfbsf]
vDafdf a]l/Psf ;fdGt tyf bnfnx
hgtfnfO{ /}tL agfP/ zf;g ug]{
lbjf:jKgfdf d:t 5g\ . lautdf
ePsf ;xdtL tyf ;Demf}tfx tf]8g\ ,'
cfgf] :jfy{cg';f/ ltgsf] JofVof tyf
ckJofVof ug',{ s'g} Pp6f ljifodf
;xdtL glhs k'Ubf csf]{ ;t{ yk]/
;d:of ;dfwfgdf efFhf] xfNg' g} pQm
wf/sf] d'Vo wd{ aGg k'us
] f] 5 .
kmn:jk g t zflGt k|so[ f cufl8
a9]sf] 5, g t ;+lawfg lgdf{0f k|so[ f
cufl8 a9] s f] 5, g t /fHo
k'g;{/+ rgfsf] sfdn] ;fy{stf kfPsf]
5, g t zf;sLo :jk lgwf{/0f x'g
;s]sf] 5, g t hgrfxgfcg'k b]z
g} rn]sf] 5 . /fHosf] sfo{kflnsf,
GofokfnLsf, Joj:yflksf tyf
sd{rf/LtGqdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ub}{ gofF
g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ dxfg\ nIosf ;fy
ePsf] a[xt\ zflGt;Demf}tfsf] wHhL
p8fpg] sfo{ oxL wf/n] ul//x]sf] 5 .
kl/jt{gsf] lglDt hLjgsf] s'af{gL u/]sf]
tyf alnbfgLsf] hudf v8f ePsf]
hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf] ;Ddfghgs
;dfof] h gdf efF h f] xfln/xg' ,
/fHok'g;{/+ rgfdf s'g} lbnr:kL glbg'
a? ;+lawfg;efsf] Pp6f ljifout
;ldltn] tof/ u/]/ kfl/t eO;s]sf]
/fHok'g;{/+ rgfsf] vfsf;d]t tf]8df]8
tyf kl/jt{g ug]{ b'Z;fx; ub}{
tyfslyt nf]stGqsf] xjfnf lbg] .
lzIffnfO{ ;xh tyf ;j{ ; ' n e
agfpgsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ lghL lzIf0f
;+:yfx vf/]h ub}{ lzIffnfO{ /fHosf]
dftxtdf /fVb}, ;/sf/L :s'n tyf
sn]hxsf] :t/ pGglt ub}{ n}hfg]
tyf lzIffdf ljBdfg lje]b cGTo
ug]n{ ufotsf sfo{xsf] pu|la/f]w ug],{
hfnL, km6fxf tyf ;fdGtxsf] cs't
;DklQ /fHon] sAhf ug] { ,
hldgbf/xsf xhf/f}F laufx hUuf
/fHon] lagfd'cAhf sAhf u/]/
e"ldxLgxnfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ cyjf
qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/ nfu" ug]{ h:tf
dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{ ;d]t
efFhf] xfNg] . laut hgo'4sf bf}/fg
sAhf ePsf ;fdGt tyf
hldgbf/xsf hldg hfxfF xhf/f}F
e"ldxLgx a;]sf 5g\, ltgnfO{ ;d]t
p7fP/ ltgLxsf] afFRg kfpg]
clwsf/;d]t vf]:b} tyfslyt 3/hUuf
lkmtf{ ug'k{ g]n
{ ufotsf logLxsf
;t{xn] cfkm}F elg/x]sf 5g\ . oL
oyfl:yltjfbLx kl/jt{g rfxFbg} g\,
oL ;fdGt tyf bnfnx hgtf
clwsf/ ;DkGg ePsf] b]Vg tyf ;'Gg
rfxFbg} g\ . hgtf r';/] h'sfem}F 9fl8Psf
k/hLjLx cfgf] :jfy{afx]s sxL st}
6;sf] d; x'bF g} g\ . To;}n] logLx lbgx'F

/fhLgfdf g} ;d:of ;dfwfg xf] eGb}

h;/L s'ln{O/x]sf 5g\, of] ltgLxsf]
;Qf df]xsf] r/d gd'gf dfq xf]Og
b]znfO{ vf8ndf hfSg] k|kGr ;d]t
xf] .
g]kfnL sfFu|]; tyf Pdfn]sf]
oyfl:yltjfbL v]df nfh krfP/
clxn];d]t dfcf]jfbL gful/s kf6L{
ePg eg]/ ?jfaf;L ul//x]sf 5g\ .
Psflt/ ;]gf ;dfof]hg ug}{ glbg]
ljleGg av]8f lems]/ h'g;'s} xfntdf
hgd'lQm;]gf la36g ug]{ hfnL v]n
v]ln/xg] / csf]t{ km{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
gful/s kf6L{ ePg eGb} ?g klg
g5f8\g] . oL a]Odfgxsf o:tf hfnL
v]nx g} b]zsf d'Vo ;d:of x'g\ .
;+lawfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf aflnu
dtf/f b]zs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{df
:yflkt dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cgful/s kf6L{
eGg] oL w"t{ :ofnx s] x'g\ < gofF
/fHo ;+/rgf, gofF ;+lawfg tyf gofF
k4ltaf6 cufl8 a9\g] / b]znfO{
cu|udgdf n}hfg] efj tyf ;f]rsf
;fy ul/Psf ;a} ;lGw tyf ;Demf}tf
tf]8b\ } dfcf]jfbLn] ;+;bLo zf;g Aoj:yf
dfGg'k5{ eGb} afnx7 ul//xg] oL
kftsLx k|ltufdL geP s] x'g\ <
ax'bnLo Joj:yf dfGg], cfjlws
lgjf{rg ug]{ tyf To;sf] lg0f{onfO{ dfGg]
;xdtL eP/ cfO;s]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn]
ax'njfb dfGg}k5{ eGb} xnf] c8\sfO/xg]
oL n'6/] fx s] x'g\ < oL a]Odfgxsf
;a} ;t{ dfGb} dfcf]jfbL cfTd;dk{0f
ul/lbP ;a} 7Ls cGoyf ;a} unt /],
o:tf] klg x'G5 < oxL xf] /fhg}lts
OdfGbfl/tf < ;fdGt, bnfn tyf
k'h
F LktLxsf] :jfy{ /Iffsf vflt/
dfcf]jfbLn] cfh;Ddsf] cfGbf]ng\,
nufgL tyf pknlAwxsf] ltnfGhnL
lbP 7Ls cGoyf unt /], o:tf] klg
x'G5 < ;d:ofsf] d'Vo sf/0f ;fdGtjfbL
;f]r xf], of] ;f]raf6 sfFu;
]| , dw]zjfbL
tyf Pdfn]sf] blIf0fkGyL v]dfdfly
gp7\bf;Dd s'g} klg xfntdf ;d:of
;dfwfg x'bF g} / b]zn] lgsf; kfpFbg} .
Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 dfcf] j fbLn]
kz'kltgfysf] e]6L kf/bzL{ ug{ tyf
b]zs} 7"nf] kz'kltgfy dlGb/df g]kfnL
k'hf/L lgo'lQm ubf{ wtL{df k|no g} ePem}F
u/L pQm /fi6jfbL sfo{sf] 3f]/ la/f]w
ub}{ ljb]zd} uP/ ltgsf dflnsxnfO{
l/emfP/ pg}sf b"t NofP/ lgo'lQm u/]sf]
log} u2f/xn] xf] . tyfslyt
dfgjclwsf/ xggsf] afxgfdf cGtl/d
;+lawfgsf] ;d]t lvNnL p8fpFb}
dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{xnfO{
lu/tf/ ub}{ e'm7f d'2f nufpg] tyf
hgxTofsf gfOs]xnfO{ k|df];gsf k'mnL
nufOlbg] klg log} b':6x x'g\ h;n]
hgxTofsf] gfOs] tyf ;/sf/sf] Pp6f
sd{rf/LnfO{ p;sf uNtLsf] sf/0f
kbaf6 avf{:t ubf{ k'g cGtl/d
;+lawfgsf] wf]tL nufpFb} ;+aw} flgs
/fi6kltnfO{ sfo{sf/L 1fg]Gb|] k lbP/
}b;Qf :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . log} wtL{sf
af]emx cfh dfcf]jfbLnfO{ slyt

nf]stGqsf] kf7 l;sfpg vf]H5g\ . log}

AjfF;fx cfh dfcf]jfbLnfO{ gful/s
kf6L{ x'g'kg]{ clt{ lbFb} lxF8\5g\ .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;kmn x'g glbg], s'g} klg
;sf/fTds sfo{ ug{ glbg] s;d vfP/
a;]sf g]kfnL hgtfsf b'Zdgx cfh
b]zsf] v]n If]qnfO{ ;d]t tx;gx;
ug{ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . x'bF } gePsf]
b/aGbL >[hgf u/]/ /fli6o v]ns'b
kl/ifb\nfO{ sfo{stf{ etL{ s]Gb| agfP/
a}wflgstfsf] vf]n cf]9/] b]z n'6g\
kNs]sf b]zsf b'Zdgx hj tL sfl/Gbf
ToxfFaf6 lgsflnP, ha ltgLxsf
ca}w wGbfdf /f]sfj6 cfof], /fli6o
v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf ;b:o;lrjnfO{ Hofg
dfg];
{ Ddsf] wDsL lbg kl5 k/]gg\ . oL
ltg} gfu/Ls kf6L{sf dg'jf x'g,\ h;n]
lxhf] dfcf]jfbLn] jfOl;Pn la36g
u/]g eg]/ wf/] xft nufpg] uy]{ . oL
ltg} dg'jf x'g\ h;n] dfcf]jfbLn] xTof,
lx+;fsf] /fhgLlt uof], wfs wDsL lbof]
eg]/ lbpF;} /ft kfg]{ s'r:] 6f uy]{ .
ca ;xdlt tyf ;xsfo{ logLx;Fu
e'ms]/ x'bF g} . cfh;Dd logLxn] k]n,]
ca dfcf]jfbLn] k]Ng'k5{ cGoyf
hg;+lawfg aGb}g . logLxsf x/]s
u2f/L tyf lts8dx PsPs u/L
kbf{kmf; ug'k{ 5{ . Odfgbf/ aGg'kg]{
tyfslyt nf]stGqjfbL xf], ;lRrg
tyf ;'wg| kg]{ tyfslyt ax'njfbL
x'Nofxf xf] . zAbhfnsf] e/df hgtf
;w}F 7lub}gg\, ;w}F cFWof/f]df a:b}gg\ .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;t{ /fv]/ gyfSg]xn]
klg s]xL sfd u?g\ . ;a}eGbf klxn]
cfh;Dd /fHon] a]kQf kf/]sfxsf]
l:ylt tTsfn ;fj{hlgs u?g\ .
hgo'4sf] qmddf tyf zflGtk|so[ fdf
cfO;s]kl5 cGtl/d ;+lawfgsf] wHhL
p8fpFb} nufOPsf e'm7f d'2f tyf
kqmfpk'hL{ tTsfn vf/]h u?g\ .
hgo'4sf 3fOt] tyf cexsf]
plrt pkrf/ tyf hLjgofkgsf] plrt
Joj:yf u?g\ . tyfslyt cof]Uo eGb}
lt/:sf/ u/L SofG6f] G d] G 6af6
lgsflnPsfnfO{ tTsfn cof]Uo eGg]
zAb k|of]u ul/Psf]df dfkmL dfUb}
pgLxnfO{ hLjgofkgsf] plrt
j}slNks Aoj:yf u?g\ . hg;]gfnfO{
tTsfn ;Ddfghgs ;dfof]hg ug]{ cfF6
u?g\ . ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{
tyf ltgsf 6' x ' / f afnaRrfsf]
k7gkf7g tyf /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]G6L
u?g\ . 3/hUuf lkmtf{ ug]{ ;'uf /6fO
dfq xf]Og, lxDdt eP e"ldsf] k'glj{t/0f
u?g\, ;Sb}gg\ eg] sDtLdf qmflGtsf/L
e"ld;'wf/ nfu" u?g\, Tof] klg ;Sb}gg\
eg] sAhf ul/Psf hldgdf k'g:yf{lkt
ul/Psf ;'sd' af;LxnfO{ tTsfn hUuf
hldg lat/0f u/L j} s lNks
hLjgofkgsf] Aoj:yf u?g\ . /fHosf]
cu|ufdL k'g;{/+ rgfsf] vfsf tTsfn
k]; u?g\ tyf hgtf clwsf/ ;DkGg
d"ntM ;fd|fHojfb la/f]wL ;+lawfgsf]
k|:tfjgf tof/ u?g\ . lautsf ;lGw
tyf ;Demf}tf cIf/zM kfngf ug]{
lxDdt u?g\ , clg dfq eg" g \
dfcf]jfbLn] s] ;d:of kfof] jf sfxfF
;d:of kfof] < xf]Og eg] dfcf]jfbLsf]
la?4df Ps zAb ;d]t pRrf/0f ug]{
x}l;ot oL ;fdGt, bnfn tyf
k|ltufdLxdf 5}g .

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn ko{6g jif{ @)!!

cleofgsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] sl/a ;ft
dlxgfsf] cGt/fndf sl/a ;ft nfv
ko{6s g]kfn lelqPsf] 5 . g]kfn ko{6g
af]8{ f/f ;f]daf/ cfof]lht kqsf/
;Dd]ngdf ;f] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ko{6g
af]8n{ ] b; nfv ko{6s leq\ofpg] nIo
lnPsf] / jif{sf] cGTo;Dd nlIft ko{6s
lelqg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5 . d'ns
' sf] cfly{s
ljsf;sf] dfu{lgdf{0fdf ko{6g ljsf; u/L
hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g] nIosf ;fy
;/sf/sf] kxn / ;Dk"0f{ ko{6g pBf]usf]
;dGjodf g]kfn ko{6g jif{ 3f]if0ff ePsf]
xf] . ko{6g jif{sf] k|rf/k|;f/n]
b]zJofkLkdf ko{6g k|j4{gsf] nx/

5fPsf], cGt/f{li6o If]qdf g]kfn e|d0f

ug{ vt/f g/x]sf] k|efj 5fPsf], ;/sf/sf
tkm{af6 k"0f{kdf ;xof]u /x]sf]n] g}
;a}eGbf 7"nf] pknlAw /x]sf] ;Dd]ngdf
hfgsf/L lbOof] . ko{6g jif{ 3f]if0ffkl5
cfGtl/s tyf afXo If]qdf k|rf/k|;f/
ug{] qmddf xfn;Dd ePsf] @% j6f
cGt/f{li6o d]nfdWo] ;ftj6f o'/f]k, b'Oj{ 6f
cd]l/sf, 5j6f ef/t / b;j6f Pl;ofdf
ePsf] lyof] . cfufdL lbgdf g]kfn ko{6g
af]8n{ ] ut ;fnsf] ah]6df Joj:yf ePsf]
? !# s/f]8dWo] ? tLg s/f]8 rLg, ? 5
s/f]8 ef/t / afFsL ? rf/ s/f]8 cGo
d'ns
' df k|rf/k|;f/sf nflu vr{ ul/g]
hfgsf/L klg ;f] cj;/df lbPsf] lyof] .

tftf] ax;
g] q k| ; fb sfk\ m n]

gf} 6 + s L ul//xG5g\ , lbgx' F vf] r ]

yflk/xG5g\, lbgx'F /f]bg tyf k|nfk
;'gfO/xG5g\ . logLxn] a'g g;s]sf]
;To s] xf] eg] ;To s'/fnfO{ nfv rf]6L
e'm7f] xf] eg] klg Tof] e'm7f] aGb}g .
ca ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] kxn ug]{
qmflGtsf/Lxn] xf], kl/jt{gsf/L xn]
xf] . k|ltufdL tyf oyfl:yltjfbLxsf
x/]s a]OdfgLsf] e08fkmf]/ ug'{ tyf
hgtfnfO{ jf:tljstf a'emfpg' cfhsf]
klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . lj:tf/jfbsf
dltof/ tyf g]kfnL hgtfsf b'Zdgx
s'g} klg xfntdf ;+lawfg aGg glbg],
agfOxfn] kgL g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)$&
nfO{ k'g:yf{lkt ug]{ Tof] klg gePdf
;+lawfg;efsf] Dofb /xFbf;Dd s'g} sfd
gug]{ tyf cGttM ;+lawfg;efsf] Dofb
;lsof] ca csf]{ lgjf{rg ug'k{ 5{ eGb}
xhf/f}F hgtfsf] /ut kl;gfn] cfh]s
{ f]
b] z sf] Psdfq a} w flgs ;+ : yf
;+ l awfg;ef la36g ug] { tyf
kl/jt{gsfdL hgtfsf] cu|ufdL
;+lawfgsf] ;kgfdf t'iff/fkft ub}{
hgtfnfO{ wf]vf lbg] eLif0f u2f/Ldf
nfu]sf 5g\ . b]z / hgtfsf] enfO{,
pGglt tyf k|ultsf] nflu ;/sf/,
;bg / ;8saf6 rf}tkmL{ kxnsbdL
lng kl/jt{gsfdLx H'f6\gk} 5{ . ;Qf
/ zlQmsf] /fk / tfkaf6 cf]em]n k/]sf]
k|dv
' k|ltkIf clxn] b]znfO{ aaf{bLsf]
vf8ndf hfSg clezKt 5 . ;Qf /
zlQmaf6 pl5lg' kbf{sf] kL8fdf
/GylgPsf] sfFu;
]| n] zflGt / ;+lawfg
eGg] zAb;d]t lal;{;s]sf] cj:yfdf
ltgLxnfO{ plrt ;xdtLdf Nofpg]
Psdfq pkfo Aofks hgbjfa >[hgf
ug'{ xf] . b]zsf] j:t'ut cj:yf,
hgtfsf] rfxgf tyf kl/jt{gsf] lglDt
ePsf] nufgLsf] plrt d"Nof+sg ub}{
tTsfn hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;Ddfghgs
;dfof]hgsf] sfo{of]hgf agfP/ cufl8
a9\ g tyf /fHosf] cu| u fdL
k'g;{+/rgfnfO{ clGtd k lbFb}
;+lawfgsf d"ne"t ljifoxdf sDtLdf
Ps vfnsf] ;xdtL sfod ug]{ k|of;
ug]{ olb To;f] x'g g;s]df cx;dltsf
a'bF f;lxt ;+lawfgsf] klxnf] d:of}bf
hgtfdf n}hfg] sfo{ tTsfn ;'? ug'{
kb{ 5 . cu| u fdL zlQmx tyf
k|ltufdLxaLrsf] ;+3if{ k]lrnf] aGb}
uPsf] ljifd kl/l:yltdf kl/jt{gsf
kIfw/ zlQmxnfO{ uf]na4 ub}{ ljleGg
df]rf{x lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;d]t ljz]if
dxTj lbg cfjZos 5 . kdf s]xL
km/s h:tf] b]lvP klg k|ltufdL tyf
oyfl:yltjfbLx ;f/df Ps} x'g\ .
oyfl:yltsf] kIfkf]if0f ug'sf] cy{ g}
;f/df k|ltudgsf] kIfkf]if0f ug'{ xf] .
oyfl:yltjfbL zlQmsf] k|ltlglwTj
sfFu;
]| n] ul//x]sf] 5 eg] o;sf] k5fl8
bu'gd{] f tyfslyt dw];L dfq 5}gg\
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j u/]sf] kf6L{ Pdfn]s}
Pp6f 7"n} v]df;d]t 5 . ;fdGtjfbsf]
/Iff / ljsf;sf] lglDt, hgtfsf] d'lQm
/ kl/jt{gsf] rfxgfdfly nft xfGg]
qmddf Pdfn]sf] pQm v]df cfg} kf6L{
cWoIf tyf cfg} g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf]
la?4df v'n/] } nfu]sf] 5 . P;sf] cy{
b]z cu|udgdf hfg] ls kZrudgdf
eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o vfnL hgtfn] dfq
ug{ ;Sg] b] l vG5 . To;sf/0f
kl/jt{gsf/L zlQmsf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf]
kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL tyf zflGt, ;+lawfg
tyf kl/jt{g rfxg] Pdfn]sf] k|ultzLn
v]dfn] ;+oQ' m kdf a[xt\ u7aGwg
lgdf{0f ub}{ ;bg, ;/sf/ tyf ;8ssf]
plrt k|of]u ub}{ kl/jt{g ;+:yfut
ug{ nflukg'{ cfhsf] d'Vo cfjZostf
xf] . /fli6o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ aGg]
cj:yf >[hgf gx'bF f;Dd of] ;/sf/n]
sfo{sf/Lsf] x}l;otdf sfd ul//xg]
s'/fdf b'Od{ t 5}g . Pdfn]s} Pp6f
k|ltufdL v]df tyf sfFu;
]| ;/sf/sf]

;ft nfv ko{6s lelqP

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

sfu;]| , Pdfn]sf] cgfjZos t;f{O{ / cft+s

g} ;+ljwfg gaGg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f xf]
kf6L{leq rn]sf] cGt/;+3if{af6 ljrng x'gk
' g],{ x}/fg x'gk
' g],{
ljt[li0ft x'gk
' g]{ cj:yf eg] 5}g .
xfdLn] h'g ;+3if{ u/]sf 5f},F Tof] ljrf/, gLlt / sfo{qmddf cGt/ k/]s} sf/0f u/]sf xf}F
eGg] s'/f ;a}n] a'g'k5{ .
zflGtk|lqmofnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] cfTd;dk{0f;u hf]8\g], cYof{pg] of cjt/0f
u/fpg] s'g} klg lg0f{o xfdLnfO{ dfGo x'g ;Sb}g .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;don] xf]Og, b[li6sf]0f / dtsf] sf/0fn] clNemPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;dod}
gcfpg' k5fl8 sfu;
]| sf] oyfl:yltjfbL ;f]r / Pdfn]sf] 9'nd'n] k|jl[ Q lhDd]jf/ 5 .

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) tkfO{+n] ev{/} dfq dfcf]jfbL
lalu|Psf] 5}g elTsPsf] 5}g
eGg] af] n sf] uLt /rgf
ug'{ePsf] 5, of] /rgf ug'{sf]
cfzo s] xf], k|:6 kfl/lbg';\
g <
;flxTo / ;flxlTos efjgf, Pp6f
kl/l:ylt / To;df rNg] ;+3if{x,
xfdLn] lnPsf /fhgLlts p2]Zo /
Tof] p2] Z ok| l t p7] s f k| Z gx,
hgtfk|ltsf] bfloTjaf]w, hgtfsf
ck] I ffx cflb;F u hf] l 8P/
k|ltlalDat x'g] ljifo xf] . slxn]sfxLF
;fyLxn] cg'/f]w ubf{ cfk"mleq k}bf
ePsf efjgfx, cfGbf] n gdf
b]vfk/]sf kl/b[ZoxnfO{ ;d]6/] d}n]
uLt n]Vg] u/]sf] 5' . clxn] dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{, ltgsf g]tfsf af/]df k|Zg p7]sf]
5, cfz+sfx k}bf ePsf]5, e|d k|rf/
ul/Psf] 5, dfcf]jfbL klg c?h:t}
a' h ' { j fju{ d f kl/0ft x' G 5g\ ls,
clehftju{df ab\lnPsf], hgtfsf
aLrdf kms{b+ g} g\ ls, hgtfk|lt u/]sf
lxhf]sf k|lta4tf k"/f ub}g{ g\ ls eGg]
hf] ;Gb]x p7]sf] / s]xL dfcf]jfbLxdf
ljrng b] v fk/] klg l;f]
dfcf]jfbLrflxF clxn] klg ;+sNk a9\5
eGg] ;Gb]z lbg] pQm uLt n]vs
] f] x'F .
) eg] k l5 dfcf] j fbLleq s] x L
ljrng cfPsf] tkfO{+n] klg
dx;'; ug'{ePsf] 5 <
lglZrtkdf dfcf] j fbLdf
ljrng cfPsf] xf] . xfdL clxn] klg
Pp6f ;+3if{df 5f}F . xfdL kf6L{leq
cGt/;+3if{ jf nfOg ;+3if{df 5f}F .
o;sf] k|ToIf k|efj kf6L{df b]vfk/]sf]
v/fa k|jl[ Q / ;xL k|jl[ QaLrsf] n8fOF
xf] . of] c;kmn / v/faaLrsf] n8fOF
xf] . kf6L{leq rn]sf] cGt/;+3if{af6
ljrng x'gk' g],{ x}/fg x'gk' g],{ ljt[li0ft
x'gk' g]{ cj:yf eg] 5}g .
) t/, tkfO{+n] eg]eGbf ljk/Lt
dfcf]jfbL g]tfx cfcfgf
kIfsf dfG5]nfO{ kb, k|lti7f
/ k} ; f lbnfpg kf6L{ d f
cGt/;+3if{ rnfPsf x'g\ eGg]
kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{sf]
cf/f]k 5 lg <
sDDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq x'g] ljrf/
;+3if{, nfOg;+3if{, cGt/;+3if{ cfgf]
cg'sn
" tfdf JofVof Pj+ k|of]u ug]{
;d:of sDo'lg:6leq 5 . kf6L{leqsf]
nfOg;+3if{, cGt/;+3if{nfO{ c? kf6L{,
c? g]tf, cfk"meGbf aflx/sf] nflu
a9f] ;}4flGts 9n] JofVof ug],{ cfg}
kf6L{leq, cfgf] ;d"xdf ax; x'bF f
:jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] / To;nfO{
cj}wflgs, c/fhgLlts / cj}rfl/s
9n] JofVof ug]{ Pp6f unt k|jl[ Q
/lxcfPsf] 5 . To;sf] lzsf/ xfd|f]
kf6L{sf s]xL ;fyLx ePsf] dx;';

x'G5 . xfd|f] kf6L{df s]xL ljrf/xdf

cGt/ k/]sf] 5 . vf;u/L, g]kfnL
qmflGtnfO{ s;/L ;DkGg ug],{ hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg To;leq ;+3Lotf, dlxnf /
blntsf] clwsf/, e"ld;'wf/, dhb'/sf
clwsf/xnfO{ s;/L ;+ljwfgdf
;'/lIft ug]{ of gug],{ s]xL ;fyLxnfO{
clxn] ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt gu/] klg
x'G5, kl5 uP/ u/] klg x'G5 eGg]
nfu]sf] 5 . t/ xfdLnfO{ hgtfsf
clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf clxNo} ;'lglZrt
ug'k{ 5{ eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL /fli6o
;]gf clxNo} lgdf{0f ug'k{ 5{ elg/x]sf
5f},F s]xL ;fyLx Tofu sfdkl5 ubf{
klg x'G5 eGg] nflu/x]sf] 5 . clxn]
oxL ljifodf xfd|f] kf6L{leq ax; 5 .
xfd|f] a8f] b'Mv, si6sf ;fy z'4 Pp6f
ljrf/, cfbz{ / gLltsf] cWoIfdf
nl8/fv]sf 5f}F . g xfdL;Fu ;|ft] /
;fwg 5g\, xfdL;Fu k'h
F L 5 g xfdLn]
clxn] Tolt 7"nf] k|of]u g} u/]sf 5f}F g
clxn] zlQmsf] k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf 5 .
;a}sf] aLrdf hf] ;fyLxn] unt
k|rf/ ug'e{ Psf] 5, Tof] e2f cleJolQm
xf], dnfO{ nfU5 . To;sf] s'g} t's
5}g . xfdLn] h'g ;+3if{ u/]sf 5f},F Tof]
ljrf/, gLlt / sfo{qmddf cGt/ k/]s}
sf/0f u/]sf 5f}F eGg] s'/f ;a}n]
a'g'k5{ .
) tkfO{ + x n] cfg} unt
k|rf/nfO{ uf]ojN;z}nL eg]/
lj/f] w ub} { cfpg' e Psf] 5 .
t/, clxn] cfg} kf6L{ l eq
Tof] z} n L cfg} g] t f,
sfo{ s tf{ x n] ckgfO/x] s f]
b] V bf
s:tf]
cg' e j
ul//xg' e Psf] 5 <
ljrf/ ;xL gx'gx] n], g}ltstf /
cfbz{ x u' d fPsf dfG5] x n] ,
To;af6 Ro't ePsf dfG5]xn]
/fhgLlts ax;nfO{ ;Gt'lnt ug{
;Sb}gg\ . To;nfO{ pgLxn] ljs[t,
e|i6 u5{g\ / b'ik|rf/df n}hfG5g\ .
b' i k| r f/ ug] { ljZj sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df b]lvPsf] 5 .
clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{ klg To;sf] s]xL
k|efj b]vfk/]sf 5g\ . s]xL ;fyLx
s]xL 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu dfq eP klg
unt k| r f/ u/] / cfgf] uNtL,
sdhf]/Laf6 n'Sg vf]Hg] b'ik|of;df
nfu]sf 5g\ . t/, e"m6d'6 g} xf], c;To,
c;To g} xf] . e'm6n] Psl5g dfG5]nfO{
sGo'h ug{ vf]h] klg cGttM Tof]
kbf{kmf; x'G5 . To:tf k|j[lQx
hgtfsf cufl8 gflG5g\ .
) ca ;/sf/tkm{ hfcf} + ,
tkfO{ + x n] k7fpg' e Psf] ;a}
dGqLxnfO{ ;ky u/fpF b f
gu/fpFb} k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf
lbg] s' / f cfO/x] s f] 5, o;
ljifodf s] eGg'x'G5 <

g]qljqmd rGb ljKnj, :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL

emngfy vgfn;Fu ag]sf] u7aGwg
;/sf/ s]xL ;do cem} cufl8
a9\gk' 5{ eGg] xfd|f] rfxgf lyof] / 5
klg . xfd|f] kf6L{af6 dGqLxsf]
k7fpg], sf] gk7fpg], l6dnfO{ kmsf{P/
csf]{ k7fpg], s]xL ;fyLnfO{ lkmtf{
af]nfP/ gofF ;fyLx k7fpg] of] ;a}
dfldnf emngfyhLsf] dfldnf xf]Og,
of] sfFu;
]| sf] dfldnf klg xf]Og . of]
dfcf] j fbLsf] dfq dfldnf xf] .
dfcf]jfbLn] cfgf] u7aGwgnfO{
Jojl:yt ug{ cfgf] k|ltlglwxnfO{
b'?:t ug{ lg0f{o ug]{ s'/f xf], To;df
c? kf6L{xn] 6fpsf b'vfpg'kg]{ s'g}
h?/L 5}g . of] u7aGwgsf] sf/0fn]
emngfyhLn] /fhLgfdf lbg nfu]sf] eGg]
t dnfO{ nfUb}g . pxfFn] kl5Nnf]
;dodf cfgf] c8fg sfod ug{ g;s],
hf] kfFr a'bF ] ;xdlt ug'e{ of], ;xdltsf]
;/sf/ aG5 eg] d 5f]8l\ bG5' eGg]
h'g ;xdltdf pxfFn] x:tfIf/ ug'e{ of],
ToxL cfwf/df pxfFn] /fhLgfdf lbg'xG' 5
/ ;xdltaf6 dfcf]jfbLsf] g]tT[ jdf
;/sf/df aG5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ s'g}
cfklQ 5}g . To;sf] lhDd]jf/L lng
;fyLx tof/} x'gx' G' 5 .
) tkfO{ + n ] dfcf] j fbL ;/sf/sf]
g]t[Tj lng tof/ 5 eGg'eof]
t/ tkfO{ + x n] kf6L{ d f
;xdltsf] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjsf]
nflu afa' / fdnfO{ cufl8
;fg' { e Psf] 5 eg] cGo
bnxn] k| r 08nfO{ cufl8
;fl//x]sf 5g\, o:tf] cj:yfdf
oxL ljifonfO{ lnP/
tkfO{ + x sf] kf6L{ d f km] l /
cGt/G rs{g] t xf]Og <
c?n] s] eG5g\ eGg]df clncln
t Wofg lbg'k5{ t/ k"/} To;df xfdL
e/kg'{ x'bF g} . ljutdf klg xfdLn] To;}
u/]sf lyof}F . s'g g]tfnfO{ s'g
lhDd]jf/L lbg] < s;n] kf6L{ rnfpg],
s;n] ;/sf/ rnfpg], s;n] ;+u7g
rnfpg], s;n] cfly{s ljefudf
k7fpg], s;n] hgd'lQm ;]gf rnfpg]
oL ;a} xfd|f] kf6L{sf sfo{ljefhgsf
dfldnf x'g\ . pko'Qm dfG5]nfO{ xfdLn]
h'g;'s} df]rf{df v6fpg ;Sg] s'/f xf] .
ljutdf xfdLn] cWoIf sd/]8nfO{
;/sf/df k7fPsf lyof} . o;
k6srflxF ;j{;Ddtaf6} afa'/fdnfO{
k| w fgdGqL agfpg] eGg] lg0f{ o
ul/;s]sf 5f}F . xfdLn] hf] lg0f{o u/]sf
5f},F To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/]/ cufl8
a9\5f}F .
) kf6L{sf] ljut x]bf{ lg0f{o Pp6f
tl/sfn] ug]{ t/ sfof{Gjogdf
hfF b f v' f sdfpg] cj:yf
b]lv/x]sf] 5 lg <
xf], slxn]sfxLF }w dgl:ylt, rl/q
/ lqmofsnfkx kf6L{leq b]lvg

] f x'g\ t/ klg To;}sf] aLraf6

vf]hs
xfdLn] cfgf lg0f{o lnP/ cufl8
al9/x]sf 5f}F . ca ljutaf6 l;s]/
xfd|f] cfgf lg0f{o s8fOsf ;fy
sfof{Gjog u/]/ cufl8 a9\5f}F .
) cl:t dfq kf6L{ s f jl/i7
pkfWoIf ls/0fn] hg;]gfnfO{
;Ddfghgs ;dfof] h g gu/]
km]l/ hgo'4 ;'? x'G5 eg]/
r] t fjgL lbg' e Psf] 5, o;
ljifodf s] eGg'x'G5 <
ls/0fhLn] hgo'4 g} eGg] zAb t
k|of]u ug'e
{ Psf] 5}g . hgd'lQm ;]gf,
hgtfsf clwsf/sf s'/fnfO{ Gofof]lrt
9n] ;'lglZrt ul/Pg eg] hgtf
;+3if{df hfg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f pxfFn]
/fVg'ePsf] 5 . To;sf] nflu xfdLn]
kf6L{ d f ;+ 3 if{ ul//x] s f 5f} F .
zflGtk| l qmofnfO{ dfcf] j fbLsf]
cfTd;dk{0f;Fu hf]8g\ ,] cYof{pg] of
cjt/0f u/fpg] s'g} klg lg0f{o
xfdLnfO{ dfGo x' g ;Sb} g .
zflGtk| l qmof g] k fnL ;dfhsf]
kfGt/0fsf] cfwf/ aGg'k5{ . To;sf]
nflu hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;Ddfghgs
;dfof]hg, ;+ljwfgdf hgtfsf ;Dk"0f{
clwsf/x ;'lglZrt x'gk' 5{ . o;f]
x'g ;s]g eg] To;nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn]
:jLsf/ ub}g{ g\ .
) g] t fxsf] ;' / Iffdf vl6Psf
hg;] g fnfO{ Ps xKtfleq
lkmtf{ k7fpg] lg0f{ o ePsf]
;'lgPsf] 5, s] of] ;fFrf] xf] <
of] s'/f ;fFrf] xf]Og . d}n] ljz]if
;ldltsf ;fyLx cgGt /
kDkmfhL;Fu s'/f u/],F aflx/ h] s'/f
cfof], Tof] cgflws[t 5 . To; lbgsf]
a}7sdf g]tfsf] ;'/Iffdf /x]sf hgd'lQm
;]gf x6fpg] ljifodf x klg pRrf/0f
ePsf] lyPg .
) ca hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf] s;/L
;dfof]hg xf]nf t <
;dfof]hgsf] af/]df dfcf]jfbL
Psbd :ki6 5 . xfdLn] hg;]gfsf]
;d"xut ;dfof]hg x'gk' 5{ eg]sf 5f}F .
o;sf] df]8fln6L :jtGq lgsfosf]
kdf /xg'k5{ .
) ;] g f ;dfof] h gsf] ljifodf
tkfO{+xs} g]tfxaLr km/s
km/s wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 / o;}n]
ubf{ ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] k|lqmof
c8\lsPsf] xf] eG5g\ lg <
5nkmndf hfFbf g]tfxn] s]xL
s"6gLlts efiffx k|of]u ubf{ x'g\ .
t/ kf6L{sf] gLlt / ljrf/nfO{ abNg]
clwsf/ g]tfxnfO{ x'bF g} . s]Gb|Lo
;ldltn] kfl/t u/]sf] lg0f{o g}
cflwsfl/s x'G5 . sfFu;
]| / Pdfn]sf
;fyLxn] olt a'em] x'G5 ls g]tfxsf]
JolQmut wf/0ffx dfcf]jfbLsf] xsdf
Tolt w]/} dxTj /fVb}g / s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn]

u/]sf] lg0f{o g} cflwsfl/s x'G5 .

) ;+ l jwfg;efsf] Dofb ;lsg
s] x L ;ftf afF s L 5, s]
of] a Lrdf ;+ l jwfgsf] klxnf]
vfsf cfpg ;Dej 5 <
;+ljwfgsf] vfsfsf] af/]df xfdLleq}
5nkmn rln/xsf] 5 . vfsf
agfpg'k5{ eGg]df xfdL ;xdt 5f}F .
t/, hgtfsf clwsf/xnfO{ g5f]8L
;+ljwfgsf] vfsf agfpg'k5{ . hgtfsf
clwsf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/L vfsf
agfOof] eg] Tof] vfsfsf] cy{ g} 5}g,
To;nfO{ t hgtfn] cfuf] nufpF5g\ .
hgtfsf] clwsf/ gePsf] ;+ljwfg
vfsfdf dfcf]jfbLsf] k"0f{tfdf cfcf];\
To;sf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g .
) ;+ l jwfgsf] vfsf cfPg eg]
;+ l jwfg;ef lj36g ug' { k 5{
eGg] s'/f klg cfO/x]sf] 5
lg <
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;don] xf]Og,
b[li6sf]0f / dtsf] sf/0fn] clNemPsf]
5 . ;+ljwfg ;dod} gcfpg' k5fl8
sfFu;] | sf] oyfl:yltjfbL ;f]r / Pdfn]sf]
9'nd'n] k|jl[ Q lhDd]jf/ 5 . hgtfsf
clwsf/af6 sfFu;
]| / Pdfn] tl;{g]
]| , Pdfn]sf] cgfjZos
u5{g\ . sfFu;
t;f{O{ / cft+s g} ;+ljwfg gaGg'sf]
k|dv
' sf/0f xf] . To;af6 pxfFxdfly
p7\gk' 5{ . hgtfsf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
ubf{ sfFu;
]| , Pdfn]x cflQg'kg]{ sf/0f
s] 5 / < pxfFxn] yf]/} dfq hgtfk|lt
kmls{P/ cufl8 a9\g] cfF6 ug'e{ of] eg]
;+ljwfgsf] vfsf aG5 .

) dfcf]jfbLdf tkfO{+ Ps h'emf?

o'jfg]tf x'g'x'G5, tkfO{+ cfgf
sfo{ s tf{ n fO{ dfcf] j fbLdf
cGt/;+ 3 if{ 5} g , ca qmflGt
;kmn x' G 5 eg] / s;/L
cfZj:t kfg' { x ' G 5 <
kf6L{leqsf cGt/;+3if{x lg/k]If
9n] :yfoL 9n] / k'/fg} 7fpFdf
/xFbg} g\ . kf6L{leq rNg] cGt/;+3if{x
lgisif{df k'u/] 6'lG5g\ . dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{ d f g] t [ T jaLr gofF 9n]
sfo{ljefhg ePsf 5g\ . ;fk]If 9n]
cGt/;+3if{ clxn]nfO{ xn ePsf] 5 .
kf6L{ k'/fg} cGt/;+3if{df 5 eGg' unt
x'G5 .
) d' n ' s
;+ q md0fsfnaf6
u'lh|/x]sf] 5, o:tf] cj:yfdf
cfdhg;d'bfonfO{ s] clkn
ug{ rfxg'x'G5 <
xfdL clxn] ;+qmd0fsfndf 5f}F .
o:tf] cj:yf g]kfnL hgtfsf] clwsf/
;'lglZrt ug],{ /fHonfO{ kfGt/0f ug{
;Sg] Pp6f k|lqmof / clwsf/sf]
kdf of] ;+qmd0fsfnnfO{ ;b'kof]u
ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . To;sf] nflu g]tfxn]
kxnsb\dL lng'k5{ . ;xL ljrf/ /
gLlt ePsf g]tf tyf kf6L{nfO{ sfo{stf{
/ hgtfn] ;fy lbG5g\ . ;a}n] d2t
ul/of] / Pp6f zlQm ;l~rt ug{
;lsof] eg] hgtfsf ck]IffxnfO{
zflGtk|lqmofleq} /x]/ ;Daf]wg ug{
;lsPnf eGg] ljZjf; 5 . Tof] ;+3if{sf]
nflu ;xof]u, ;xeflutfsf] lglDt
;a};uF d cfu|x ub{5' .

kf6L{l{ eqsf] nfOg;+3if{, cGt/;+3if{nfO{ c? kf6L{, c?

g]tf, cfk"meGbf aflx/sf] nflu a9f] ;}4flGts 9n]
JofVof ug],{ cfg} kf6L{leq, cfgf] ;d"xdf ax; x'bF f
:jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] / To;nfO{ cj}wflgs,
c/fhgLlts / cj}rfl/s 9n] JofVof ug]{ Pp6f
unt k|jl[ Q /lxcfPsf] 5 . To;sf] lzsf/ xfd|f]
kf6L{sf s]xL ;fyLx ePsf] dx;'; x'G5
--ljrf/ ;xL gx'gx] n], g}ltstf / cfbz{x u'dfPsf
dfG5]xn], To;af6 Ro't ePsf dfG5]xn] /fhgLlts
ax;nfO{ ;Gt'lnt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To;nfO{ pgLxn]
ljs[t, e|i6 u5{g\ / b'ik|rf/df n}hfG5g\ .
--ljutdf xfdLn] cWoIf sd/]8nfO{ ;/sf/df
k7fPsf lyof} . o; k6srflxF ;j{;Ddtaf6}
afa'/fdnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg] eGg] lg0f{o
ul/;s]sf 5f}F . xfdLn] hf] lg0f{o u/]sf 5f},F
To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/]/ cufl8 a9\5f}F .

sdf08/x g} ;'b"/klZrd ljZjljBfno t'xfpglt/

tLa|tfsf ;fy dfu ul/O/x]sf]

;'b/" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno :yfkgf
Ps bzsb]lv p7fOPsf] dfu xf] . ljleGg
e]63f6, 5nkmn, xf/u'xf/, clN6d]6d
nufotsf ljsNk ckgfO;Sbf ;d]t
ljZjljBfnosf] af/]df s]Gb|n] ;f]Rg km';b{ }
kfPg . t/ )^% ;fndf
;'b/" klZrdf~rnsf cfGbf]lnt ljBfyL{xsf]
of]ubfg / alnbfgLsf ;fd' ;/sf/
;'b/" klZrddf ljZjljBfno agfp5f}+
eg]/ afFrf ug{ afWo eof] . 3f]if0ffsf] nfdf]
;do u'lh|;Sbf ;d]t lgdf{0fk|lqmof yfngL
gx'bF f ;'b/" klZrdn] s]Gb|kl| t z+sf ug{] 7fpF
kfof], h'g z+sfn] ;fpgsf] >Lu0f]z;Fu}
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngsf] cfFlwa]x/L hGdfof] .
;/sf/nfO{{ tLa| bafa ul//x]sf]
s~rgk'/df eO/x]sf] lx+;fTds 7flgPsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] ann] l5} ;'b/" klZrdf~rn
ljZj ljBfnosf dfu ;Daf]wg ug{
;/sf/ tof/ x'g] l:ylt aGb} lyof] .
cfGbf]ngsf/L cyf{t\ ;'b/" klZrd]nLxsf
ljifodf If]qLo :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglw
If] q Lo k| z f;s hod' s ' G b vgfn
cfGbf]ng:yn s~rgk'/ k'lu;s]sf lyP .
lx+;fTds ePklg lg0ff{os ultdf uO/x]sf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ t'xfpg If]qLo k|zf;sn]
klg cg]s k|of; u/] . pgsf] k|of; tTsfn}
;Dej ePg . If]qLo k|zf;ssf] k|of;n]
pgsf] lkmtL{kl5 cfkm\gf] / b]vfpFb} 5 .
cfGbf]ngsf] cu|df]rf{ ;Dxfn]sfx clxn]
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ clgl0f{t af6f]lt/ 8f]ofpFb}
5g\ . ;'b/" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno
cfGbf] n gdf d' V o ul/ $ yl/sf
sdf08x lyP . h'g x'g,\ k|zf;lgs
sdf08/, /fhgLlts sdf08/, ;+3if{
;ldlt sdf08/ / ljBfyL{ sdf08/ .
ljBfyL{ sdf08xn] cfGbf]ngsf] hf/Laf6f]
af6} lg0f{odf k'Ug ;lsg] eg]klg cGo #
sdf08xn] eg] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ t'xfpg
k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfGbf]ngnfO{{
clgl0f{t af6f]lt/ 8f]ofpg ;kmnf]Gd'v
sdf08xsf] rrf{ o;k|sf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
!= k|zf;lgs sdf08/
hgtfsf] s/af6 ;+slnt /sdaf6
s/ vfP/ :yfgLo hgtfsf ;]js eP/
a:g'kg{] ePklg sltko sd{rf/Lx cfkm\gf]
JolQmut :jfy{ / afWotfsf lar hgtf
eGbf ;/sf/sf ;]js a9L x'g] u5{g,\ h'g
k"/fg} l/t xf] . s~rgk'/df ljZjljBfno
cfGbf]ng rln/xFbf s~rgk'/sf k|zf;lgs
sdf08/ cyf{t\ k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/L
jf;'bj] bxfnn] ljZjljBfno :yfkgfy{
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/] ls dfu t'xg' ] lqmofsnfk
b]vfP, Tof] a9L n]lv/xg' gknf{ . olb
To;af/] s;}nfO{{ yfxf 5}g eg], dxfsfnL
c~rn c:ktfnsf 8fS6/xnfO{{ ;f]Wg';\ .
c:ktfn cfpg km';b{ gx'gx] n] cfkm\g}
3/df ePsf SofDk; :t/sf ljBfyL{xsf
z/L/ / v'fxdf ePsf lgn8fd x]g;' { \ .
3/df SofDk; :t/sf ljBfyL{ gx'gx] n]
l5d]sLsf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg'xG' 5, k|lhcsf]
af/]df hfGg .
cfkm\g} If]qsf] ljZjljBfnodf k9\g]
nfdf] ;dob]lvsf] rfxgf / ;kgf k"/f
gx'bF fsf] kL8fnfO{{ ;8sdf cfP/ rsf{
gf/fsf ;fy ;fj{hlgs ul//x]sf ljBfyL{nfO{{
k|x/Ln] nf7L / c>'UofF;sf] dfWodaf6
bafpg vf]h] . sltnfO{{ nv]6,] sltsf
6fpFsf km'6fP . c>'UofF;sf] w'jF fn] clxn]
klg sltsf] 5fnf lrnfpFb} 5 . cfkm\gf]
3/jf; x'bF fx'bF } slt clxn] c:ktfnsf
a]8df klN6/x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] lhDd]jf/
' lhNnf clwsf/L g}
c? sf]xL xf]Og, k|dv
xf] . s]Gb| ;/sf/n] ;'b/" klZrdf~rn
ljZjljBfno :yfkgf gxf];,\ eGg] rfxgf
5 . ;/sf/sf rfxgfsf k5fl8 klg cfkm\g}
sf/0f, ;d:of / afWotf xf]nfg\, t/ klg
;/sf/sf eGbf klg hgtfsf rfxgf,
;d:of / afWotf k|dv
' x'g\ . s]Gb| ;/sf/s}
lgb{]zgdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
ljZjljBfno :yfkgfsf] rsf{] cfjfhnfO{{
bafpg vf]Hof] . ljBfyL{x dfly ef}lts
/ zf/Ll/s kdf Iflt k'ofpg ;s] klg
k|lhcn] ljZjljBfnosf] dfunfO{{ g} bafpg
;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ .
k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/Ln] gLlt, ljlw
/ k2ltsf s'/f u5{g\ . ;8sdf cj/f]w
ug{' ck/fw xf] . tf]8kmf]8 ug{' sfg'g ljkl/t
x'G5 . a9L sfg'g l;l8cf]n] g} hfg'g\ .
t/ sfg'gn] kIfkftnfO{{ s] eG5 < ;/sf/n]
clxn];Dd ;'b/" klZrdf~rn If]qnfO{{
ul//x]sf] lje]bsf] ;hfo s;nfO{{ s]s]
xf] < k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/Ln] s~rgk'/df
:yfkgf x'g] elg 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] ;'k
ljZjljBfn :yfkgfdf l9nfO{ {

u0f]zbQ e

ul//x]sfxnfO{{ ;hfo ug{ ;S5g\ < sfg'g

cg';f/ t l9nf;':tL klg e|i6frf/ /
ck/fw x'g'kg{] xf]Og / < g]kfn
nf]stflGqs u0ftlGqs d'ns
' xf] eGg]df
k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/Ln] klg km/s dt
g/fVnfg\ . nf]stGqdf ;dfgtf,
;dfg'kflts ljsf; / cj;/, ;fdflhs
/ ;d'lrt Gofo nufotsf cGo ljljw
hgkIfLo s'/f x'gk' g{] xf]Og / < t/
nf]stGqsf] pNn]lvt d"ne't dfkb08nfO{{
pNn+3g ub{} ah]6 nufotsf ;/sf/L
sfo{qmd Nofpg]nfO{{ s;n] sf/jfxL ug{] <
k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/Ln] pgLxnfO{{
nf7Lrfh{ ug{ ;S5g\, pgLxdfly
c>'UofF; a;f{pg ;S5g\ < ljr/f
l;l8cf], lgd'vf hgtfeGbf dfly t
pgsf] afx| aH5 . kIfkflt kdf ah]6
5'6o\ fpg] / sfo{qmd ljt/0f ug{] ;/sf/
/ To;sf ;~rfnsxnfO{{ k|dv
' lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] sf/jfxL ug{ g;s]klg ;/sf/
;~rfnsxnfO{{ hgtf sf/jfxL ug{ ;Ifd
x'G5g\ . s~rgk'/df ;~rflnt cfGbf]ng
;/sf/sf nflu sf/jfxLs} k|ltljDa lyof] .
h;nfO{ { k| d ' v lhNnf clwsf/Ln]
bdgdfkm{t bafpg k|of; u/] .
@= /fhgLlts sdf08/
hgtfsf ;d;fdlos kL8f /
;d:ofnfO{{ AofVofTds 9+un] k|rf/jfhL
ub{} hgtf;fd' nf]slk|o eP/ hgk|ltlglwsf]
laNnf le/]sfx g} ;/sf/ ;~rfnsx
5fGb5g\ . s'g} ;do hgtfsf d'6l' eq
a;]sfx sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]df k'uk] l5
ljutdf cfk"mn] g} k|rf/ u/]sf zAbx
r6Ss} la;{G5g\ . To;sf] ememNsf]
clxn]sf] nf]stflGqs u0ftflGqs elgPsf]
;/sf/n] lbPsf] 5 . h;df nf]stGq;Fu}
pbo ePsf k|ltlglwx xtf{stf{ 5g\ .
s'g} a]nf ;'b/" klZrd s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo
;Qfaf6 x]lkof] eg]/ rsf{] lj/f]w ug{x]
g} clxn] ;'b/" klZrdnfO{{ x]lk/x]sf 5g\ .
;'b/" klZrdaf6 k|ltlglwTj u/]sfxn]
;'b/" klZrdsf] kL8fnfO{{ Joj:yflksf
;+;bdf af]ns
] f] vf;} ;'lgFbg} . k"mnsf]
cfFvfdf k"mn} ;+;f/, sfF8fsf] cfFvfdf sfF8}
;+;f/ eGg] uLtsf] af]nnfO{{ hgk|ltlglw
elgPsfxn] k'li6 ul/lbPsf 5g\ .
lsgeg] hgk|ltlglw egfpFbfx clxn]
sf7df8f}h
+ :tf] ljsl;t 7fpFdf a:5g\ .
htftt} dxn}dxn b]V5g\, ;8s klg
5Fb5
} g\, uf8L klg u'8s
] } 5g\, /ftlbg,
;kgL ljkgL . pgLxsf] a'l4ljj]sn]
;'b/" klZrdnfO{{ ;f]Rg EofPs} 5}g . t;y{
pgLxn] ;'b/" klZrdnfO{{ klg sf7df8f}+
hlQs} ljsf; ePsf] 7fpF ;f]rx] f]nfg\ .
To;}n] t ;'b/" klZrdnfO{{ w]/} ah]6 /
ljsf; sfo{qmd cfjZos gk/] xf]nfg\,
;ef;b\xsf b[li6df . To;}n] t xf]nf,
;'b/" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfnosf nflu
ah]6;Fu} cGo cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f
gug{k' /]sf] .
;' b " / klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfsf nflu ;/sf/L 3f]if0ff
ljBfyL{xsf] cfGbf]ngaf6} ePsf] xf] .
To;sf] ;fdfGo k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg
;d]t cfGbf]ngs} cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 .
o; cj:yfdf ;+;bdf ;'b/" klZrdsf
k| l tlglw x' g ' s f] s] cy{ <
;'b/" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfy{ ;'b/" klZrdsf d'Vod'Vo
g]tfxsf] ;d]t ;sf/fTds, k|efjsf/L
/ lg0ff{os e"ldsf b]lvPg . pgLxn]
ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngnfO{{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ul/
slxNo} e"ldsf v]ng] g\ . a? hf/L
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ t'xfpg eg] pgLxn]
e"ldsf v]ns
] f ;"rgfx aflx/ cfO/x]sf
5g\ . ;'b"/klZrdsf g]tf eGg
?rfpg]xs} bafadf ;/sf/nfO{{ tLa|
bafa lbg] ul/ rln/x]sf] cfGbf]ng
lzlyt x'g' ;du| ;'b/" klZrds} nflu
b'ef{Uo xf] .
/fhgLlts g]tfxsf l3gf}gf xs{tn]
hgtfdf lg/fzf pTkGg ul//x]sf] 5 . cfk"m
;QfkIfL ePs} sf/0f ;/sf/lj?4sf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ lzlyn kfg{ ;'b/" klZrdnfO{{
bafa lbg' ;'b/" klZrdsf g]tfxsf] d'vt{ f
xf] . o:tf ultljlwn] ;'b/" klZrdsf]
ljsf;eGbf ljgfznfO{{ k|fyldstf lbG5 .
;'b/" klZrdsf g]tfxn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{{
;xof]u k'Ug] ul/ ultljlw u/fpg vf]Hg'
:jefljs 7xnf{ . t/ kf6L{n] ;'b/" klZrdnfO{{
cfkm\gf] 7fg]sf] 5 ls 5}g < ;f]Rg'kg{] a]nf
ePsf] 5 . ;QfkIfL ePs} sf/0f clxn]
ljZjljBfno dfUb} lx+;fTds tyf lg0ff{os

af6f]lt/ eO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ lzlyn kfg{

vf]Hg]x ;QfkIfLaf6 lng ;lsg] nfe
;'b/" klZrdnfO{{ lsg lbPgg\ < ;QfkIfLn]
rfx]sf] eP ;'b/" klZrddf ljZj ljBfno
:yfkgfsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg ;SYof],
t/ vf]O{ < g]tf egfpFbfxn] ;'b/" klZrdsf]
ljsf; rfxG5g\ eg] s]Gb|sf] rfFs8LeGbf
rt'ofO{ cFufNg'k5{ . ;'b/" klZrdnfO{{ cfkm\gf]
kf6L{ ;QfkIfL ePsf] cg'el" t u/fpg
;Sg'k5{ . gq g]tfx oqtq, lg/fzf /
cfqmf]zdfq} Ps5q .
#= ;+3if{ ;ldlt sdf08/
;'b/" klZrd ljZjljBfno :yfkgfy{
bafa lbg ;+ 3 if{ ug{ eg] /
;'b/" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno ;+oQ' m
;+3if{ ;ldlt aGof] . ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfdf ;/sf/n] l9nfO{ ul//x]sf] /
d'Vo bf]ifL ;/sf/ ePsfn] ;ldltn]
;/sf/lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{] lhDd]jf/L kfof] .
k|fljlws kdf ;+3if{ ;ldlt ag]klg
ljBfyL{xn] ;/sf/lj?4 cfGbf]ng xfFs] .
cfGbf]ngdf ;of}+ ljBfyL{ 3fOt] tyf
nfvf}s
+ f] tf]8kmf]8 / Iflt eof] . cfGbf]ng
;fd' ;/sf/ em'Sb} lyof] . ;+3if{ ;ldltsf
sdf08/xn] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ zflGtk"0f{
agfpg] axfgfdf lzlyn / clgl0f{t
agfpg] af6f]lt/ 8f]ofPsf 5g\ .
lx+;fTds ePklg lg0ff{os af6f]lt/
uO/x]sf] ;'b/" klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno
;+oQ
' m ;+3if{ ;ldltn] zlgaf/ gofF
cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
zlgjf/ l;4gfy ax'dv
' L SofDk;sf a;]sf]
;j{kIfLo ;+oQ' m e]nfsf] ;'emfj eGb}
;ldltn] cfufdL ;+3{ifsf sfo{qmd
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . ;j{kIfLo ;'emfj
elgPklg gofF cfGbf]ngsf sfo{qmddf
;QfkIfL uGw k|i6 ;'WF g ;lsG5 . ;+if{3
;ldltn] !%, !^ / !& ut] lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{nodf @ 306] wgf{ lbg] ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmd cg';f/ laxfg !) ah]bl] v !@
ut];Dd wgf{ lbg] pNn]v 5 . !% ut] ;'k
ljZjljBfno ;+oQ' m ;+3if{ ;ldltsf]
Jofg/df, !^ ut] gful/s ;dfhsf] Jofg/df
/ !& ut] k]zfut ;+3;+:yfsf] Aofg/df
wgf{ lbOg] 5 . !& ut] ;'k ljZjljBfnosf
ljifodf wgu9Lsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;Fu
5nkmn ug],{ !* ut] :yfgLo kfs{bl] v
nfnl6g afn]/ a[xt\ h'n;' k|bzg{sf ;fy}
;'ksf ;a} ;ef;b\ / ;'ksf ;a} If]qsf
cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u ug]{ kqfrf/ ug],{ !(
/ @) ut] dxfsfnL ;flxTo ;Fud ;'k
nf]s ;f:s[lts ;dfhsf] cu'jfO{df 8]p8f
k|ltof]lutf ug]{ sfo{qmd 5 . gofF cfGbf]ng
sfo{qmd cg';f/ @! ut] lhNnfsf rf/}
lgjf{rg If]qsf ;+oQ' m kn] cfd;ef ug]{
hgfOPsf] 5 . To:t} u/L @@ ut]
lhNnfl:yt ;a} /fhlglts bnsf e|ft[
;F u 7gxsf] Jofg/ em08f;lxt
eLdbQgu/df ahf/ kl/qmdf u/L a[xt\
cfd;ef ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;'ksf
cfd hgtfnfO{{ ;/sf/nfO{{ s/ gltg]{
clkn ug] { hgfPsf] 5 . 3f] l ift
sfo{qmdx ;;{lt{ x]bf{ ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfy{ cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L eO/x]sf]
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . cfGbf]ng af/]
k|rf/jfhL tyf hghfu/0f u/fpg] h:tf
sfo{qmd ;ldltf/f ;fj{hlgs cfGbf]ngdf
pNn]v 5g\ . jf:tljs l:ylt clxn]
cfGbf]ng ;'? ug{ tof/L ug{k' g{] k6Ss}
xf]Og . :j:k"mt{ kdf ljBfyL{ ;Fu7gxn]
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ lg0ff{os prfOdf k'ofpg}
cfF6s
] f lyP, ;+3if{ ;ldlt lardf tuf/f]
ag]/ cfOlbof] . h;n] lg0ff{od aGg} nfu]sf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ cs{l} t/ df]l8lbPsf] 5 .
ljBfyL{ ;Fu7gxn] ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] d'gL
eP/ cfGbf]ng ug{' hfoh lyof] ls lyPg
;ldIff ug{' klg cfjZos 5 .
;+ 3 if{ ;ldltdf ;lDdlnt
cu| h xnfO{ { yfx} 5, clxn] ; Dd
;'b/" klZrdn] s]Gb|nfO{{ zflGtk"0f{ kdf
u/]sf] cg'/f]w slt k"/f ePsf] 5 < ah]6
efif0f x' g ' e Gbf cufl8 kf6L{
k| l tlglw;lxtsf ljZjljBfno
cu'jfxn] k|wfgdGqL, cy{dGqL /
lzIffdGqLnfO{{ e]6s
] } x'g\ . ah]6 5'6o\ fpg]
cfZjf;g klg lbPs} x'g,\ t/ vf]O{ <
cGttM pgLxsf] lgot t k|i6 ePs} xf]
lg xf]Og / < ca eGg';,\ /fd|f] d'vn]
g;'Gg] ;/sf/n] km]l/ lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no cufl8 /x]sf] lkknsf] af]6 d'gL
wgf{ lbFbf k|wfgdGqL, cy{dGqL / lzIff
dGqLn] ljZjljBfnosf] dfu ;'G5g\ <
k6Ss} ;'Gb}gg\ . ;'b/" klZrd ljZjljBfno

3f]if0ff s:tf] cj:yfaf6 ePsf] xf], Ps

k6s :d/0f ug{k' g{] a]nf ePsf] 5 .
;+3if{ ;ldltsf] 3f]lift gofF cfGbf]ng
sfo{qmdn] ;+3if{ ;ldlt ;'b/" klZrdf~rn
ljZjljBfno ;Demf}tf ;ldltdf kl/0ft
ePsf] cfefif x'G5 .
d'ns
' ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf]
/ ;|ft] ;fwg tyf xftxltof/af6 ;';lHht
;/sf/;Fu ;+3if{ ug{ ;lhnf] x'bF g} .
;'b/" klZrdn] ljZjljBfno kfpg ;+3if{
ug{k' g{] ;/sf/;Fu} xf] . t;y{ ;fdfGo
cj:yfdf ;/sf/nfO{{ ;'b"/klZrdn]
em'sfpg ;Sb}g . ;/sf/nfO{{ em'sfpg
;'b/" klZrdaf6 PsLs[t bafa hfg'k5{ .
ta dfq} ;/sf/ em'S5 . PsLs[t bafasf
nflu lx+;fTds, zflGtk"0f{, k|rf/fTds ;a}
lsl;dsf pkfox ckgfpg'kg{] x'G5 .
c?eGbf lx+;fTds bafan] ;/sf/nfO{{ zL3|
lg0f{o lng tLa| bafa lbG5 . ;+3if{
;ldltsf] gofF cfGbf]ngn] dfu k"/f ug{
;/sf/ tof/ x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{{ klg
t' x fOlbPsf] 5 . cfGbf] n gn]
ljZjljBfnosf nflu cfjZos ah]6 /
pks'nklt;lxtsf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm
dfu u/]sf] lyof] .
;xof]u / ;+3if{sf] cjd"Nog
ljZjljBfno :yfkgfdf ;a}sf cf
cfkm\g} cfzf / ck]Iff 5g\ . ls;fgsf]
5f]/fn] k9\g cfjZos kg{] ljZjljBfno
vf]Hg 6f9f6f9f wfpg' kb{g} . :yfgLo :t/d}
z}lIfs ljsf;sf] rf}tf/L lgdf{0f x'G5 .
z}lIfs ljsf;n] cfly{s, ef}lts, /fhgLlts
nufot cGo If]qsf] ljsf; klg ;Dej
u/fpF5 . Jofkf/ Joj;fodf a[l4 x'G5 .
lghL If]q klg km:6fpF5 .
ljZjljBfno :yfkgfdf cfzf /
ck]Iff;Fu} ;a}sf] ;fy / ;dy{g klg lyof] .
cfGbf]ngs} ;dy{gdf lghL If]qn] cfkm\gf
ultljlwx aGb u/fPsf lyP eg] a;
Joj;foL ;ldltxn] oftfoft . :yfgLo
:t/df lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs,
sd{rf/L, a'l4hLlj, gful/s ;dfh,
dfgjclwsf/jfbL, :jfYosdL{, kqsf/
nufotn] cfcfkm\ g f] If] q af6
ljZjljBfnosf nflu ;xof]u u/]s} lyP,
ug{] klg lyP . t/ ;QfkIfLsf] bafadf
;+3if{ ;ldltn] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ clgl0f{t
af6f]lt/ 8f]ofpFbf pgLxsf] ;xof]usf]
cjd"Nog ePsf] cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljZjljBfnos} nflu eg]/ cWoog/t
ljBfyL{xn] ef}lts / zf/Ll/s kdf
;+3if{ ul//x] . ;/sf/lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{k' g{]
;'b/" klZrd]nLxsf] cfjZostfnfO{{
ljBfyL{xn] g} k"/f ul//x]sf lyP .
pgLxn] ;/sf/L tfutsf] b'kof]u
ug{x] nfO{{ lg:t]h kfb{} cfGbf]ngsf]
df]rf{nfO{{ cufl8 a9fO/x]sf lyP .
b}lgsh;f] 6fpsf] km'6fpFb} 3fOt] klg
eO/x]sf lyP . ;/sf/ lj?4sf]
cfGbf]ngnfO{{ cfjZos kg{] v'/fs
ljBfyL{xn] k"/f ubf{ub{} klg ;+3if{
;ldltn] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ clgl0f{t af6f]lt/
8f]ofpg' P]ltxfl;s e"n xf] . ;Fu}
clxn];Dd ljBfyL{xn] u/]sf] ;+3if{ /
;xof]usf] cjd"Nog klg .
Ifl0fs xfgLn] bL3{sfnLg nfe lbG5
eg] xfgL pko'Qm ls nfe < clwsf+zsf]
hjfkm xfgL g} cfpg'knf{ . o:t} eO/x]sf]
lyof], ljZjljBfno cfGbf]ngdf klg .
!)!% lbg Jofkf/ Joj;fo /f]lsP/, $
^ em\ofnsf l;;f km'6/] Ifl0fs cfly{s
xfgL xf]nf t/ ljZjljBfno :yfkgf
ePkl5 To;sf] ;of}+ u'gf c;'n eOxfN5 .
clxn]sf] of]ubfg Jofh ;lxt c;'n
u/fpg ;S5, ljZjljBfnon] . t/ klg
lg0ff{oslt/ uO/x]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ lsg
clg0f{olt/ n}hfg] < o;sf] cy{ tf]8kmf]8
/ aGbnfO{{ k|l] /t ug{ vf]hs
] f] gnfuf];\ .
zflGtsf] Zj/ g;'Gg]nfO{{ ;'gfpg tf]8kmf]8
/ aGb afx]ssf] ljsNk klg t 5}g .
cGTodf,
cfGbf]ng rln/xFbf sdf08/sf]
e"ldsfdf /x]sfxn] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ sdhf]/,
lzlyn / v's
' n
' f] agfpg] k|of; ug{' eg]sf]
;'b/" klZrd]nLxsf] OR5f, cfsf+Iffdfly
cGt3f{t ug{' xf] . kf6L{ / JolQm ljz]ifsf]
:jfy{eGbf klg ;du| ;'b/" klZrd]nL
hgtfsf] dfu / rfxgfnfO{{ lz/f]wfo{ ub{}
ljZjljBfno cfGbf]ngnfO{{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg'k5{ . ;/sf/nfO{{ bafa lbg] txdf
k'lu;s]sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{{ /f]Sg' eg]sf] d'Vo
cb'blz{tf / P]ltxfl;s sdhf]/L x'g5
] .
h'g uNtLs} sf/0f clxn] /fhgLlt
hgtf;fd' cnf]slk|o x'bF } uO/x]sf] 5 .
-n]vs Pla;L 6]lnlehgsf ;+jfbbftf x'g_\

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

ebf} !$ ut] s] x'G5 <

8f= 6Lsf/fd kf]v/]n
cfufdL ebf} !$ ut], kl5Nnf] k6s ;+ljwfg;efn] tLg
dlxgfsf nflu cfkmgf] cfo' a9fPsf]] tLg dlxgfsf] clGtd
lbg . of] lbg cfpg ca nueu Ps dlxgfhlt afFsL 5 .
;+ljwfg;efk|lt rf;f] /fVg] sltko JolStx ca ebf} !$
sf] lbg uGg yfn]sf 5g\ eg] sltkorflxF ebf} !$ df s] xf]nf eg]/ ljleGg
cfFsng ug{ Jo:t 5g\ . To;f] eP ebf} !$ ut] s] x'G5 t < ax';V+ osn] eGg]
5g\ s]xL x'bF g} . t/ s]xL gx'gr
] flxFF xf]Og, cjZo x'G5 . To; lbg ;+ljwfg
agfpg] gfddf ul/Psf] Pp6f gSsnL gf6ssf] k6fIf]k x'G5 . cfufdL ebf} !$
ut] cufj} ;/sf/ rnfO/x]sf kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ljgf;t{ yKg cfXjfg
ul/;s]sf x'g5
] g\ . ljkIfLdf a:g] kf6L{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yk ug{sf nflu
ljleGg ;t{ t]:of{O;s]sf x'g5
] g\ . clg ToxfF dWo:ystf{xsf] eL8 nfUg]5 .
bnsf zLif{:y egfpFbf g]tfx clwsf+ztM hf] cfkm}F ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj
xf/]sf 5g\ ltgLx g} ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg] ls gyKg] eGg] ljifosf
;a}eGbf a9L rt'/k"0f{ v]nf8L x'g5
] g\ . !$ ut] /flt !@ aHg nfUbf
;+ljwfg;efdf lht]sfx h;sf] dtn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ylkG5 ltgLx
sf]xL ;+ljwfg;ef ejg aflx/sf] rf}/lt/ t sf]xL SoflG6glt/ clg sf]xLrflxF
;+ljwfg;efsf] cfg} s';L{ cGof]ntfnfO{{ cFufnf] xfn]/ lgbfO/x]sf x'g5
] g\ .
cGttM xjf g]tfxsf] k|d'v e"ldsfdf bnxaLr ePsf] # dlxgf
;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg] ;xdltsf] ljleGg a'bF f;lxt Pp6f sfuh tof/ u/L
;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf /x]sf kqsf/nfO{{ afFl8g]5 / ;+ljwfg;efsf ;ef;bx
cfFvf ldRb} p7]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb km]l/ tLg dlxgf ylkPsf] eGg] k|:tfjdf
tfnL ahfpg]5g\ . cfufdL ebf} !$ ut] ;+ljwfg;efsf] eJo d~rdf d~rg
x'g] gf6ssf] SnfOd]S; l;g oxL xf] . t/ o;sf] nflu l/x;{n eg] clxn]bl] v
g} rln/x]sf] 5 . bnleqsf emu8f, Pp6f bn / csf]{ bnaLrsf c;xdlt,
ut h]7 !$ ut] dWo/ftdf ePsf] kfFra'bF ] ;xdlt kfngf gx'g' ' ;a} cfufdL
ebf} !$ ut] k|bz{g ul/g] gf6ssf l/x;{n x'G. ;do hlt glhlsFbf] 5 Tolt
g} l/x;{n b|t" ultdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . t/ ebf} !$ cfpg Ps
xKtfcufl8af6 rflxF u|fG8 l/x;{n ;'? x'G5 . u|fG8 l/x;{ndf k'Ubf eg]
bnxaLr a'bF fx t]:of{pg] sfd ;'? x'g5
] . ;'?df o:tf a'bF fx kqklqsf,
] g\ . ;a} bn / ltgsf g]tfxn] d g}
/]l8of] / 6]lnlehgaf6 k|If]k0f x'g5
hgtfsf] xg'dfg, d]/} k'R5/ nfdf], d}n] g} n+sf hnfPsf] eg] em}F u/L ;+ljwfg;ef
d / d]/} bnsf] dfq b]g xf], zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu d / d]/f bnsf g]tfx
t Wofg lbg k/] klg tof/ 5g\, t/ c? bn / ltgsf g]tf eg] cfgf]
:jfy{sf nflu ;+ljwfg;efs} Hofg lng eg]/ nfluk/]sf 5g\ eGg] blnn k];
ug]{5g\ . cGttM oL ;a} blnn x'Fb}x'Fb} ebf} !$ ut] /flt !@ ah] g]kfn
rGb|dfdf g} k'u]sf] pknlAw xft kf/]em}F u/L ;Dk"0f{ /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgaf6
k|ToIf k|;f/0f ub}{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb tLg dlxgfnfO{{ ylkg]5 / tTsfnsf]
nflu gf6s ;dfKt x'g]5 . lj8Dagf, hgtfn] tfnL ahfOlbg'kg{]5 . clxn]
g]kfnL hgtfsf] lj8Dagf g} eGg'k5{ /fhgLlts bnxn] h] u/] klg To;nfO{{
;sf/fTds a'lemlbg'k5{ bnsf ultljlw hgtfsf kIfdf 5}gg\ eg] klg
ldnfP/ hgtfs} kIfdf 5 eg]/ a'lemlbg' hgtfsf] st{JohlQs} ePsf] 5 .
ldnfP/ a'bf gsf/fTds a'g kfOg] 5}g, ;sf/fTds a'lemlbg'k5{ ta dfq
lhDd]jf/ gful/s 7xl/G5 . gsf/fTds a'g] xf] eg] u}/lhDd]jf/ gful/sdf
btf{ x'g tof/ x'gk' b{5 jf kl/jt{gnfO{{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ g;s]s
] f] cf/f]k v]Kg'kb{5 .
/f0ffsfndf s'g} /f0ff zf;sn] ;f]emf] ?vnfO{{ aff] eGof] eg] klg sfl/Gbfn]
xf] dxf/fh af} 5 elglbg'kb{Yof] . s;}n] ;f]emf] eGg] lxDdt uof] eg] p;sf]
9f8 lrnfPsf] 7xYof]{, x'g ;St5 p:t} k/] crfgf]df uw{g yfKg klg tof/
x'g'kb{Yof] . k~rfotsfndf klg Joj:yfsf] t s'/} 5f8f}F s'g} k~rsf] unt
lqmofsnfksf] lj/f]w ubf{ klg cft+sjfbL sxlnGYof] . @)$^ sf] kl/jt{gkl5
klg bnLo Joj:yfleqsf unt lqmofsnfklj?4 xltof/ p7fpg] dfcf]jfbLnfO{{
cft+ssf/Lsf] laNnf g} le/fOof] . clxn] nf]stfGlqs u0ftGqdf cfOk'Ubf tL
dfcf]jfbLsf] cft+sjfbLsf] laNnf t x6\of] t/ ltg} dfcf]jfbLsf lqmofsnfknfO{{
unt b]Vg] cfnf]rsxrflxF k|ltufdLdf bh{ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . dfG5] ablnof]
rl/q ablnPg . cfnf]rgf ;xg ;Sg] Ifdtf s;};uF b]lvPg . cfgf] sdhf]/L
s;}n] cf}NF ofof] eg] sdhf]/L cf}NF ofOlbg]n] wGojfb kfpg'kg]{ xf] t/ k|ltufdLdf
bh{ x'g'kg]{ eof] . oL ;a} ;+s'lrt dfgl;stfsf pkh x'g\ . o:tf ;+s'lrt
dfgl;stfn] ;+ljwfg aGb}g / pxL !$ ut]sf] /fltsf] nflu l/x;{n dfq
x'G5 . of] jif{ emu8fsf] nflu pj{/ /x]5 . bnleq} emu8f, aflx/} emu8f,
;+ljwfg;efd} emu8f, htftt} emu8f g} emu8f . 7"nf kf6L{leq 7"n} emu8f,
;fgf kf6L{leq ;fg} emu8f . oL emu8fnfO{{ kf6L{n] cfGtl/s k|hftflGqs
cEof; klg eGg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ tL kf6L{leq emu8f ug]{ s]xL g]tfafx]s
;a} ;ef;b 5g\ / hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 dfl;s tna, eQf / ;'ljwf
lnO/x]sf 5g\ . hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 tna, eQf / ;'ljwf lnP/ ;+ljwfgrflxF
gagfpg] kf6L{leq emu8f u/]/ a:g] s:tf] k|hftflGqs cEof; xf] s'lGg <
olb hgtfsf] nflu ;}4flGts n8fOF / k|hftflGqs cEof; g} ug]{ xf] eg]
;+ljwfg;ef 5, h'g 7fpFdf ltgLx hgtfsf] k|ltlglw ag]/ /x]sf 5g\ . t/
;+ljwfg agfpg' 5}g, dfq ebf} !$ sf] l/x;{n dfq k"/f ug{]5 eg] t eg]
o:t} bnleqsf em}emu8fn] klg wflgxfN5 . bnxsf] of] emu8fsf] cj:yfdf
cfufdL ebf} !$ df ;+ljwfg aGb}g eGg] s'/f bnx ;a}nfO{{ yfxf 5,
g]tfx ;a}nfO{{ yfxf 5 / hgtfnfO{{ klg yfxf 5 . s] u/] ;+ljwfg aG5 eGg]
s'/f klg tL ;a} bn / ltgsf zLif{:y egfpFbf g]tfnfO{{ yfxf 5 . x/]s bnn]
cfk"mn] ;Qf Tofu ug{ / c?sf] cl:tTjnfO{{ :jLsf/ ug{] lalQs} ;+ljwfgsf]
sfd cufl8 al9xfN5 . t/ o;sf nflu ;a} bnsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}F s'g} Ps
bn klg tof/ 5}g . cfgf] Tofu / c?sf] cl:tTjsf] :jLsf/f]lSt g}
olta]nfsf] /fhgLlts hl6ntfsf] lgsf;sf nflu klxnf] v'l8\snf] xf] . of]
s'/f yfxf eP/ klg clxn] ;a} bn / ltgsf g]tfx yfxf gkfP h:tf] u/]/
al;/x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg gaGg'sf] ;Dk"0f{ bf]if hlt csf]{ bnnfO{{ yf]kg{ Jo:t
5g\ . hfgLhfgL a'em krfpg]nfO{{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 / elgG5 lg, lgbfPsf]nfO{{
Ao'Femfpg ;lsG5, t/ lgbfPsf] axfgf ug]{nfO{{ slxNo} Ao'emfpFg ;lsFb}g .
/fhgLlts bn / ltgsf g]tfx ;a} clxn] lgbfPsf] clegosf] l/x;{n
ug{ Jo:t 5g\ . ebf} !$ cfpg' Ps xKtfcufl8 rflxF km]l/ Ao'Fem]sf] clego
ug{ Jo:t x'G5g\ / cfgf] l/x;{nnfO{{ u|fG8 l/x;{ndf abN5g\ . Tof] lbg
cfpg w]/} afFsL 5}g . g]tfsf] e|dsf] v]tLsf] gf6s x]g]{ / hgtfn] tfnL
ahfpg] lbg glhlsFbf] 5 . @)^* ebf} !$ ut] /flt !@ aH5, ;+ljwfg;efsf]
Dofb km]l/ tLg dlxgfsf nflu ylkG5 . 7"nf] pknlAwsf] Zjf; km]l/G5 . To;
lbgsf] nflu gf6s ;lsG5 . kbf{ aGb x'G5, kl/0fltrflxF km]l/ klg p:t} .

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

ko{6g jif{, hfh/sf]6 / s]xL dxTjk"0f{ :ynx

k|bz
{ g u/sf]5 . o;k|lt /fi6sf] Wofg
hfg lgs} cfjZos b]lvG5 .
$_ klZrd hfh/sf]6 / k'lj{ b}nv
]
/ pQ/ ;'vt{ ] sf] jLrdf kg]{ srfnL kxf8
lgs} dgf]/d :yn xf] . ;dyn kxf8L e'
efudf jfSnf] h+unn] rf/}lt/ 3]/s
] f]
srfnL ltg j6} lhNnfsf] ;+ud :ynxf] .
hfh/sf]6sf] 5]8f,;'vt{ ] sf] d6]nf b}nv
] sf]
j]:t8fjf6 df]6/ jf6f]sf] z?jft eO{
;s]sf]5 . nfnLu'/f; k}o,' d]n km'n/] gj
b'nxL em} l;+fl/Psf] srfnLdf hundf
3f]/n jg]n Gofp/,Jjf;f],/t'jf h:tf
h+unL hgj/xn] v]Ng] 7f+pxf] . k|fs'lts

g]kfn ko{6g jif{ @)!! xfdLn] a9L

dxTjsf ;fy dgfO{ /x]sf5f} jf /xg]
of]hgf jgfO{ /x]sf5f} . g]kfn ;/sf/n]
ko{6g jif{sf] k|rf/ k|;f/sf nfuL sl/j
@# s/f]8 /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf]5 . of]
/sdsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ b'ud{ / u|fdLg
If]qdf ;DDf ;/sf/sf] Wofg hfg h?/L
5 . xfdLnfO{ yfxf ls pTkfbg zltm /
pTkfbg ;DjGw cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgf
aLrsf] ;3if{sf] P]ltxfl;s k|so[ fjf6
;dfhsf] ljsf; x'G5 . ;dfhsf] ljsf;
k|so[ fn] g} ;'Gb/ ;+DjGwL cjwf/0f klg
ljsflzt x'b} hfG5 . ;f}Gb{o d'ns
cfjZostf cfTdut kIf xf] eg]
;f}Gbo{dn' s ultljwL j:t'ut kIf xf] .
k|sl' tdf ;f}Gbo{ x'G5 t/ k|sl' tsf]
dfjgLs/0f ljgf Tof] ;+ej x'bg} .
;fdfhLs ;f}Gbo{ eg]sf] ;dflhs hLjg
;fdfhLs ;+/rgf ;f:s[lts tyf
l/tL/Ljfh / jftfj/0fLo lgoddf
cfwfl/t x'G5 . ;hfj6sf ;f}Gbo{ ju}rf
kfs{,jftfj/0f,e]ife'iff cfe'if0f k|;fwg
cfbLx'g . logLxn] jf :jod cfkm'nfO{
dfgL;n] >dk|so' f dd{t jbNg] sf]lz;
ub{5 . xfdLn] of] g]kfn ko{6g jif{ @)!!
sf] ;'gf}nf] cj;/xnfO{ ;b'kof]u u/L
b]zsf] b'ud{ e'efudf /x]sf] P]ltxf;Ls
k/Dk/f
o' t m
;fdfu| L x
gbL,gfnfx,tfn,tn}ofx,u'kmfx
b]jLb]jnx Dxfg hgo'4sfndf 36]sf

gf} j6f d'n ePsf] eSes] kfgL glhs}

ljBfno ,j/k/ b]vf kg]{ jf/]sf]6sf ;'Gb/
j:tLn] lgs} cfsif{s jgfPsf]5 .
Joal:yt kdf h+unsf] ;+/If0f,uf{ g
/ kfs{sf] lgdf{0f,7fpm cg'sn' sf] v]tL
k|0ffnL,oftoftsf] Joj:yfkg ,xfg];Nnfdf
Eo"6fj/ Joa:yfkgf ug{ ;s] ko{6gsf]
cfs{if0f ug{df lgs} dxTj /fVg] :yfg
xf] . /fdL8fF8fsf] ;'Gb/ j:tL To;sf]

j/k/ /x]sf kf6gx,Jf]nf;k'/,b]p/fnL

kf6gdf klxn] e'ts]z,cQL;,e"Tn] s6'sf]
=;'tj' f Hf8Lj'6Lxsf] ;+/If0f,;+Daw{g /
k|zf]wg u/fpg ;s] b]zs} OHht j9fpg
;lsg] lyof] .
#_ vn+uf uf=lj=; j8f g+ *df kg]{
7'nf e]/L / ;fgf] e]/Lsf] bf]efg xf] ;'Gb/
j:tL l/Dgf . ;dyn e'efudf k/k/
h+unn] 3]/s
] f] kxf8,hfh/sf]6 / ?sd
lhNnfsf] ;+d :yn / 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf]
d'Vo 4f/ l/Dgf Pp6f dxTjk'0f{ ko{6lso
:ynxf] . rf}/hxf/L,s'b' b]lv dfy l/Dgf

56fn] ;':jlet kxf8df :ofp v]tL ug]{

;lsg] k|z:t cfwf/x 5g . srfnL
b]lv ;f]of/f ;Dd jhf/ Joj:yfkg ug{
;s] w]/} sfd lng ;lsG5 . of] n]v k'j{
klZrd nf]sdfu{ b}nv
] lt/ hfb}5 .
%_ vn+uf uf=lj=; j8f g+ ^
cjl:yt ;f6fu'kmfsf] leq kl km/flsnf]
sf]7f cfsf/sf] v08} v08 k/]sf efux
5g . ;]tf] 9'ufn] s'lbPsf] h:tf] b]lvg]
ljr efudf Pp6f lqz'n cfsf/sf]
j:t'5 . clt dgf]/d h+un leq /x]sf]
;f6fu'kmf leq efu ;Dd k'Ug lgs}
sl7g5 . s]xL klxn] Pp6f hf]uLsf]
j;f]jf; /x]sf] Tof] u'kmfnfO{ ;+/rgf
;+Djw{g ug]{ ;'/Iff ug]{ tL/ /fHosf] Wofg

;fd[l xs xTofsf08xsf :yfgxnfO{

pTvng ;+/If0f,;Djw{g u/L /fi6nfO{
lrgfpg h?/L5 . ljut sfn b]lv
] f
zf;s ju{sf] cfvfjf6 6f8} /xg k'us
klZrd If]qxsf dxTjk'0f{ ko{6lso
:ynx /x]sf 5g . h;dWo] dxTjsf
b]lvg] d'us
' f] /f/ftfn,8f]Nkfsf] kmf]S;08f]
tfn ,:ofk' bx ,vKt8u'kmf,3f]8f3f]8L tfn
e]/L bf]efg,s';d';s
] f] n]v,s0ff{nL gbL
cflb ljz]if rrf{df cfpg] :yfgx x'g .
To;leq cgluGtL ;fgf 7'nf dxTjsf
:yfgxdf klg lgs} dxTj /fVg] :yfg
/ j:t'x b]vfkb{5g . oxfF ltg} dWo
hfh/sf]6 lhNnfdf s]lx rrf{ ug{ nfPs
j:t'xsf] oxfF phfu/ ug{ vf]lHfPsf]5 .
!_ hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] ;bd'sfd
eGbf ^ sf]if 6f9f/x]sf] hultk'/
uf=lj=;=O{:jLsf] !$cf} ztfAbLdf
cl:tTjdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . o;nfO{
hutl;Fx eGg] /fhfn] zfs] !#)) ;Djt
!$%% sf] cf;kf;df cfkmgf] /fhwfgL
jgfO{ /fHo ;Grfng u/]sf] kfO{G5 . oxfF
cjl:yt lh0f{ jGb} uPsf] b/jf/sf]
eUgj;]z,5/k|i6 /x]sf 9'fdf n]lvPsf
snfTds lznfn]vx,9'fd} s'l8Psf]
ci6bn / k/]jfsf] lrq ,7f+p7fpdf /x]sf
cfwf bz{g 9'ufd} s'bs
] f b]jnx
hutl;+xsf] eUgjz]if b/jf/,lghn]
k'hfug]{ df}nf],;8s b]jtfsf] dlGb/
hutl;+x cf]nlkPsf] v'fsf] kflxnf,k|frLg
s'jf cflb P]ltxf;Ls j:t'x 5Gf .
@_ hfh/sf]6sf] ;bd'sfd eGbf
6f8f /x]sf] /fdL8fF8f uf=lj=; 5 .
rf/}tL/ dgf]/d kf6g,glhssf kfvf
kv]/fxdf emkdSs nfnLu'/f;,k}o' /
d]n km'n/] Tof] rf}/sf] ;f}efUo j9fPsf]
5 . ltgj6f 7fpdf lgld{t ;fgf hnljw't
cfof]h
\ gf 4f/f lgsflnPsf ljw'tx/n]
/fdL8fF8f,l;kfrf}/ :jefodfg jgfPsf]5 .

;Dd Pp6f ==rnfpm ;lsg] dxTk'0f :yfg

5 . ;dyn hldg kfgLsf] dGb jxfg
x'g] :yfg xf] . k|z:t s]/f lnRRfL c+u/'
knfpg ;lsg] :yfg xf] . knl6 u/]sf]
jhf/,jhf/sf] ljrdf 8f]Nkf hfg]
df]6/jf6f],hghftLxsf] j;f]jf; ePsf]
l/Dgf dxfg hgo'4sf qmddf klg rlr{t
x'g k'Uof] . lhNnfs} ;j}eGbf jl9 zlxb
eO{ b]z kl/jt{gdf cfkmgf] dxfgtf

u/]sf] 5}g .
^_ 8fF8fufp nx+ / vu]gsf]6 uf=lj=;
sf] jLrdf kg]{ bNnLsf] gnl;Fxuf8
vf]nfsf] lsgf/df Pp6f lgs} dxTjsf]
kfgL hfg] 7fFpm5 . hldgjf6 j'nj'n
u/]/ lglZsg] d'ndf rf8{kj{xdf
eQmhgxn] g'jfpg] dfq Toxf dfG5]sf]
hfb}gg cfhef]nL 6f9f6f8fjf6 klg
g'xfpg] dfG5]xsf] jfSnf] pkl:ytL /x]sf]

PdkL zdf{ kf/zdl0f

kfO{G5 . j/k/sf 3/xjf6 d[t zl//sf]

bfx;+:sf/ ug]{ 7f+p ePsfn] To;sf]
Joj:yfkg ug'kg]{ cfjZos 5 .
&_ dfcf]jfbLn] ;+rfng u/]sf] dxfg
hgo'4sf] ;dodf tTsflng ;/sf/Nf]
;fd' l xs xTofsf08 u/] s f h' g L
nlj;f,s':tf/f cfbL 7f+px Kflg lgs}
dxTj / rrf{sf 7fpx X'g . h'gLbxsf]
j8f+ g+ ! / @ df kb{ 5 g .
hghtLxsf] jfSnf] j;f]jf; /x]sf]
h'gLdf @)^% ;fn ciff *hgf / ;f]xL
;fnsf] d+l;/ !) ut] b'nfx ;lxt !@
hgfsf] ;fd'lxs xTof u/]sf] lyof] .
hgo'4sfns} @)%% ;fn h]i7 !% ut]
==lsnf] ;]/f 6' ck|;] gsf] z'?jftdf g}
nlj;fsf] nx uf=lj=; ;f]xL ljBfnosf]
hGdf]T;j dgfO{ /x]sf] ;dodf @ hgf
lzIfs ,Pshgf cx]j @ hgf dlxnf /
!nf6f] dfG5] ;lxt * hgfsf] ;fd'lxs
xTof u/]sf]sf] lyof] . csf]{ ;f]xL @)%^
;fnsf] cfiff !% ut] dfcf]jfbLsf tTsflng
jl/i6 ;lrjfno ;b:o s=OGb|nfn cfrfo{
nufPt ^hgf ls;fgsf] 5flg5fgL xTof
u/]sf]] lyof] . lt :yfgx Kflg P]ltxfl;s
/ ;fdfhLs dxTjsf :yfgx x'g .
oLgLxsf] ;fy} cGo 7fpsf] Joj:yfkg
/ ;+ / If0f ug] { ;s] jlnbfgsf]
P]ltxfl;stfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
*_ hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf] pQ/L=e'efu
c5f{ g L
6fn] u fF p
,khf?
,uvf{sf]6,bx,sf]tf{df t'df{nLg,sfO{gfO6
nufPtsf clt jx'dN' o wfj' k|z:t dfqfdf
kfO{G5g . clxn] ;DDf Psfw 6f7fjf7fxNf]
Toxfsf hgtfjf6 3'Oo{ fsf] efpmdf lng]
u/]sf 5g . To;sf] pTvgg,Joj:yfkg
ug]{ ;s] Toxfsf hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ j'l4
x'gsf ;fy} ljZjsf] Wofg TotftL/ tfGgf
;lsg] lyof] . o;/L g} Pltxfl;s dxTj
/fVg] sfsL{ufFp uf=lj=; j8f g{ * cf]ug] | sf]
z'? ,nxsf] vf/fdf ePsf] rd]/]
cf]8f/,vn+uf j8f g+ ( sfnf]ufFpsf]
lzjfno dlGb/ / yfnf/} s / /
h'ufyfkfrf}p/sf] lzjfno,gfosjf8f @
sf] jfn'sg] em/gf ,b]p/fnL kf6gdf /x]sf
/fIf; bn,5]/fbx z+sbx ,u'xbn,gfdsf
s'08x ,;Snfsf] Njfusf] ;fO{Sjjf/L wf/f
,bz]/fsf] jfsf]6 dfnLsf u'kmf,dhsf]6sf]
e}/jyfg ,k}ssf] gb}8fj,gfosjf8fsf]
7fs'/hL==vu]gsf]6sf] eUgz]if b/jf/,
eujtLsf] tNnf] s f] 6 cfbL klg
hfh/sf]6sf P]ltxfl;s dxTj /fVg]
ko{6lso :ynx x'g . /fHon] o;df
Wofg k'ofpg ;s] s0ff{nL If]qsf] ;dkdf
kg]{ of] lhNnfsf] k|utL x'g] cfd hgwf/0f
/x]sf]5 . of] ko{6g jif{ @)!! n] o;nfO{
ug]{ ;Sg' k5{ o;n] hfh/sf]6sf]df dfq
xf]Og ls l;+uf] b]zsf] lrgf/L klxrfg /
dxTj bzf{pg]5 .

k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ cnkq

?s'd . ?s'dsf] afFkmLsf]6l:yt
kmnfd]uf}+8fdf oxL ebf} !% ut]leq}
k'n lgdf{0f ul/;Sg'kg{] eP klg
clxn];Dd lgdf{0ffwLg 6; la|h
df]6/]jn k'n lgdf{0f sfo{aLrd}
cnkq k/]]sf] 5 . oxL ebf} !%
ut]leq} k'n lgdf{0f ul/;Sg'kg]{ eP
klg clxn] ; Dd ;f] 7fp" d f k' n
lgdf{0fsf nflu lkn/ g} gp7fPkl5
k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd cnkq k/]sf] xf] .
ebf} !% leq} k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd
;lsO;lsg'kg]{ eP klg clxn];Dd
;f] :yfgdf cfjZos kg{] k'n /fVgsf]
nflu hLksf] sfd;Dd ;lsPsf] 5}g .
g k'n lgdf{0fsf] nflu dhb'/n] Toxf"
sfd ul//x] s f 5g\ g t sfd
;~rfng ug]{ 7]s]bf/nfO{{ g} Toxf"
kfpg ;lsG5 . ut c;f/b]lv k'n
lgdf{0f :yn 5f8]/ lx"8]sf sfd
;~rfng ug]{ dfG5]x klg cem};Dd
kms]s
{ f 5}gg\ . ?s'd lhNnfsf s/La
@) j6f hlt uflj;xnfO{{ hf]8g\ sf
nflu ;'? ul/Psf] df]6/]an 6; lj|h
lgdf{0f sfo{ 7]Ssfdf /x]sf] 5 .
7]s]bf/sf] l9nf;':tLsf sf/0f k'n
lgdf{0f sfo{ cnkq k/]sf] xf] . b'O{

jif{l3b]lv ;'? ul/Psf] k'n lgdf{0f

sfo{ Ps dlxgf sfd u/]kl5 gbLsf]
lkFw a9]sf sf/0f /f]lsPsf] lyof] .
o; jif{ j}zfv h]7b]lv lgdf{0f sfo{
;'? ul/Psf] k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ gbLsf]
lkFw a9]sf] sf/0f b]vfp"b} c;f/b]lv
sfd aGb u/]/ k'n lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf
lnPsf] 7]sb] f/xn] ;'Os
" R' rf 7f]ss
] f
5g\ . s/La $% ld6/ nfdf] 6; lj|h
k' n a' 6 jndf ag] s f] eP klg
jiff{ofdsf sf/0f Nofpg g;lsPsf]
kmnfd]uf}"8f k'n lgdf{0f ;ldltsf
x]Nkm/ k|]d s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . $
s/f]8 !) nfv k}of"sf] 7]Ssf lnP/
sfd ug{ yfn]sf ;jsG6fs 7]sb] f/
tf/fk|;fb 3tL{n] clxn];Dd sfd
g;s] k l5 :yfgLojf;LnfO{ {
cfjthfjtdf ;d:of ePsf] 5 . 6;
la|h k'n lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf 3tL{n]
cfk"mnfO{{ kfg{] ! s/f]8 k}of" vr{
u/]sf] ;|f]tn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
7]Ssf kfpg ! s/f]8 k}of" vr{
u/]kl5 # s/f]8 leq}af6 ;f] k'nsf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Sg'kg]{ u/L sfd eO/x]sf]
klg ;|ft] n] hgfPsf] 5 . k'n lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;'? ePb]lvotf xfn;Dd s/La

@ nfv a/fa/ hlt /sd vr{

eO;s]sf] 7]sb] f/ tf/fk|;fb 3tL{n]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ebf};Dd sfd
;lsG5 t eGg] k|Zgdf ;j sG6o\ fs
7]sb] f/ 3tL{n] 6; la|h /fVg] 7fp"
vGgsf] nflu tLg k6s;Dd l8hfOg
ug{k' g]{ ePsf] k|fljlws sf/0f b]vfp"b}
a} z fv;Dd ;do yk ePsfn]
Tolta]nf;Dd k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;lsg]
hfgsf/L lbo . 7]sb] f/ 3tL{sf cg';f/
d+l;/;Dd lkn/ p7fO;Sg], kmfu'g;Dd
6; hf]8g\ ] / a}zfv dlxgfdf k'n tof/
x'g5
] . p;f] t k'n lgdf{0fsf nflu
NofOPsf] ! xhf/ * ;o af]/f l;d]G6
jiff{ofddf sfd gx'g] ePkl5 laqmL
ul/Psf] k'n lgdf{0f 7]Ssfsf d'G;L
hutaxfb'/ yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbP .
emf]n' ] k'n;"u} lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf]
df]6/]jn k'nsf] nflu vlgPsf husf
sf/0f emf]n']k'n elTsg] vt/fdf
/x]kl5 :yfgLojf;LnfO{{ cfjthfjtdf
;d:of ePsf] af"kmLsf]6 lgjf;L
zzL/fd l/hfnn] atfP . e]/L kf/Lsf
af" k mLsf] 6 , HofnfvbL, ddf{ ,
b' n Lnufotsf dflg;x ;f] x L
af6f]af6} lx"8g\ ] u/]sf 5g\ .

uGbe{sf /fdsxfgL
?s'd] . uf;, jf; / skf; k|fKtLsf] nflu ;a} dflg;xn] cf
cfgf] k]zf Aoj;fo cg';f/ ljxfgLsf] em'Nsf];Fu} cfgf] sfddf
lg:sg' kg]{ x'G5 . ls;fgL sfd ug]{ s[ifsx ljxfgLsf] em'Nsf];uF }
v]tjf/Ldf k:g'kg],{ pHofFnf]a:b} ubf{ 3fF; sf6\g v/ sfNgf]df k'Ug'kg]{
x'G5 eg] sd{rf/Lx, ljBfly{x ljxfgsf] !) gaHb} cfgf] ckmL; jf
sfof{nodf k'lu;s]sf x'G5g\ . t/ dfu]/ hLjg u'h/f ug]{ / dfUg]nfO{
g} cfgf] k]zf 7fGg] uGbe{ hfltsf dfG5]x klg ljxfgLsf] ld/ld/]
pHofFnf];uF } lji6jfgsf] 3/b}nf]df k'us
] f x'G5g\ . uGbe{ hfltxn]
dfUg] sfdnfO{ g} cfgf] k]zf tyf Aoj;fo 7fg]/ pHofFnf] x'g] ljlQs}
dfUb} b'lgofsf] 3/ b}nf]df e]6fpg ;lsG5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf dfUg]nfO{
g} k]zf 7fGg]x sd} dfqfdf e]6fpg ;lsG5 . t/ ljleGg afxfgf
aflhdf rGbf dfUg] / ;xof]u dfUg]xnfO{ eg] w]/} kfpg ;lsG5 . of]
gt rGbf xf] gt c? s]xL sfdsf] nflu dfq} xf] . vfnL of] xf] cfgf]
hLjg u'hf/f ug{ dfUg] s'/fnfO{ g} k]zf 7fGg] uGbe{sf] .
of] k|; xf] ;fpg @) ut] ljxfgsf] . ljxfgsf] sl/a ^ ah]sf]
lyof] . ?s'dsf] ;b/d'sfd vn+uf ahf/df ev{/} dfq k;nx v'Ng
yfn]sf lyP . k;n v'nfO;Fu} zf/L le/]/ cfPsf dfUg] bfOn] cf]d
gf/fo0f eujfg, ho lzj ;+s/, lji6jfgsf] ho xf]; eGb} 3/sf]
9f]sfdf a:g'eof] . t'nl;k'/ gu/kfnLsf j8f g+= @ bf lhNnfdf 3/
eO{ dfUb} ?s'dsf] ;b/d'sfd vn+uf cfO{ k'Ug'ePsf s]z/ uGbe{sf] .
bf lhNnfsf ljleGg ufpF 7fpF Pj+ ;Nnfog lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd
nufot cfwf bh{g eGbf a9L uflj;xdf dfUb} ?s'd lhNnfsf]
;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf ;fpg !* ut] cfOk'us
] f] atfpg'eof] . pd]/n]
ev{/} #% jif{ k'us
] f uGbe{ cfkm' cljaflxt ePsf] atfpFb} cfk'mn]
afa'afh]n] ul/ cfPsf] k]zfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] atfpg'eof] . uGbe{
hfltsf ;a}n] cfgf] k]zfnfO{ 5f]6b\ } cfPsf]n] klg o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg'sf] cnfjf hLjg u'hf/f ug{ dfUb} ?s'd cfO{ku' s
] f] s]z/ uGbe{n]
hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dfUb} ubf{ ;fFem ljxfgsf] 5fs 6g]{ u/L k}F;f
kfpg'xG' 5 t eGg] k|Zgdf uGbe{n] eGg'eof]Ps lbgdf ! ;o %) b]lv
@ ;o k}oF f;Dd x'G5 . ljut %^ jif{ b]lv afFs,] alb{of, ;Nofg,
?s'd lhNnfxdf dfUb} cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . k|To]s 3/x g5'6fP/
dfUbf w]/} k};
F f lbg]xn] clxn];Dd cfgf] of] pd]/df ! ;o k}oF f
lbPsf] klg atfpg'eof] . sltkon] dfUg]sf] dd{ efjgf g} ga'em]/ x]Kg]
u/]sf] klg uGbe{ s]z/n] b'v;
] f] kf]Vg'eof] .
p;f] t cfh eGbf tLg cl3 jif{;Dd ?s'ddf /x]sf uGbe{ hfltn]
klg dfUb} lx+8s
] f] kfpg ;lsGYof] . t/ kl5Nnf] ;dodf eg] ?s'dsf
sl/a #) 3/ hlt /x]sf uGbe{ hfltsf dflg;xnfO{ st} klg dfu]sf]
kfpg ;lsGg . lo ?s'ddf /x]sf sltko uGbe{x dWo] !) 3/
kl/jf/sf] a:g] af; tyf hf]Tg] hUuf clg kf]Tg] 3/ 5 eg] @) 3/
kl/jf/ eGbf a9L uGbe{ hfltxsf] cfgf] eGg] gfddf s]lx klg
gePsf] afFkmLsf]6 * efUn]df a:b} cfPsf sflnaxfb'/ uGbe{n] hfgsf/L
lbg'eof] . ;fgf]e/] L glbsf] lt/ lt/} a:b} cfPsf uGbe{ hfltxsf] a:g]
af;nfO{ glbsf] s6fgn] aufO{lbPkl5 xfn plgx glhs}sf] ;lqmof
o'jf ;fd'bflos jgsf] 5]pdf a:b} cfPsf] cfOt] uGbe{n] atfpg'eof] .
5g u]8f ;a} d]/f, 5}gg u]8f ;a} 6]8f eg] h:t} g]kfnL pvfgsf]
rl/tfy{ cfkm'x ePsf] tkm{ pvfg xfNb} cfOt] uGbe{n] eGg'eof]
xfdLx;Fu Pstf a:gsf] nflu ;fgf] af; lyof] Tolx af; klg glbsf]
s6fgn] pl7jf; nufof] . ca t xfd|f] s]xL klg 5}g . s;/L 3/
agfpg] sxfF agfpg] s'g} ;|ft] 5}g . af9L klx/f] klg lsg xfdLnfO{ g}
nfu]sf] xf]nf .
e'kG] b| s];L

:df6{kmf]gsf] ljz]iftf
sf7df8f}F . lxhf]cfh g]kfndf klg
:df6{kmf]g nf]slk|o aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 .
:df6{kmf]gaf/] olt w]/} rrf{ ;'lgP klg
clxn];Dd :df6{kmf]g s] xf] eGg]af/]
w]/} sdnfO{ dfq hfgsf/L 5 . c?
;fwf/0f kmf]geGbf of] s] sf/0fn] :df6{
5 eGg]af/] w]/s
} f] lh1f;f /xFb} cfPsf]
5 . jf:tjd} :df6{kmf]g o;df k|of]u
ul/Psf] k|ljlw / o;sf ljz]iftfn]
:df6{ ePsf] xf] . :df6{ k mf] g df
k|of]ustf{n] 6]lnkmf]g ;+jfbsf ;fy}
Pp6f ;Dk"0f{ l8lh6n k|ljlw ;+of]hgsf]
;'ljwf kfpF5g\ . of] Pp6f sDKo'6/sf]
;fgf] :jk klg xf] . o;af6 Od]n
OG6/g]6 ;'ljwfsf ;fy} lj08f]h clkm;
Kofs]h;d]t ;lhn} rnfpg ;lsG5 .
:df6{kmf]gsf] ljsf; df]afOn kmf]g /
k;gn l8lh6n cl;i6]06 -kL8LP_
af6 ;'? ePsf] xf] . kL8LPdf /x]sf]
jfo/n]; ;'ljwf tyf Od]n k7fpg]
/ kfpg] ;'ljwf;Fu} df]afOn kmf]gsf]
;Gb] z cfbfgk| b fg Ifdtfsf]
;+of]hgaf6 :df6{kmf]g agfpg ;xof]u
k'u]sf] xf] . kL8LP ;'ljwf df]afOndf
;+of]hg ubf{ df]afOn sDKo'6/h:t}
aGof] . To;}sf] kl/0ffd :df6{kmf]gsf]
ljsf; eof] .
:df6{ k mf] g sf k| d ' v ljz] i ftf
6d M :df6{kmf]gsf]
l;i6d
ck/]l6 l;i
d'Vo ljz]iftf o;df k|of]u x'g]
ck/]l6 l;i6d xf] . h'g l;i6dn]
k|8lS6e PlKns]zg ;~rfng ub{5 .
ANofsa]/L :df6{kmf]gdf ANofsa]/L
cf]P; ck/]l6 l;i6d k|of]u ul/Psf]
x'G5 eg] cGo :df6{kmf]gn] kfNd
cf]P; jf lj08f]h df]afOn ck/]l6

l;i6d k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ .

;k\ m 6j] o / M lxhf] c fh ;a}
k|sf/sf df]afOndf ;6j]o/ k|of]u
ePsf 5g\ . t/, :df6{kmf]gdf k|of]u
ePsf ;6j]o/n] tL ;a} df]afOndf
k|of]u ePsfeGbf a9L sfd ug]{
Ifdtf /fV5g\ . :df6{kmf]gdf k|of]u
ePsf ;6j]o/af6 dfOqmf];6
clkm; 8s'd]06 ;Dkfbg tyf 8f6f
8fpgnf]8 klg ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t}
t:jL/ ;Dkfbg tyf uLt;Ltsf]
;+u|x ug{;d]t of] pko'St x'G5 .
j]e PS;]; M w]/} :df6{kmf]gdf
tLj| ultsf] O06/g] 6 rnfpg
;lsG5 . ly| h L 8f6f g] 6 js{ :
rnfpg ;lsg] :df6{kmf]gdf jfOkmfO{
;'ljwf;d]t pknAw x'g] x'G5 .
sltko :df6{kmf]gdf ;Lw} j]a a|fph/
rnfpg] ;'ljwf;d]t pknAw x'G5 .
Sj]6L{ sL af]8{ M :df6{kmf]gdf
sDKo'6/df h:t} Sj]6L{ sL af]8{ x'g]
x'Fbf rnfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . k|foM
:df6{kmf]gdf o:tf] ;'ljwf 6rl:qmgdf
;d]t x'G5 .
Dof;] l h M ;a} k| s f/sf
df]afOndf ;Gb]z cfbfgk|bfg ug{
;'ljwf pknAw x'G5 . t/, :df6{kmf]gdf
eg] JolStut tyf Joj;flos
Od]n;d]t cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
u'un, ofx' Dof;]Gh/h:tf ;]jfsf]
;d]t ;xh} pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
dlN6kn Od]n Psfp06;d]t rnfpg
;lsg] ePsfn] :df6{kmf]g c?eGbf
:df6{ ePsf] xf] . :df6{kmf]gdf k|oS' t
k|ljlwn] o;nfO{ lbgx'h
F ;f] cem :df6{
agfpFb} nu]sf] 5 .

dGqL t'kmfg / p;sf] vf]qmf] cfbz{

?9LjfbL k/Dk/fn] lklN;P u|:t
ePsf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf Pp6f blnt clg
bl/b| eP/ ;dfhdf pk]lIft x'gs
' f]
kL8f ;xg g;s]/ lemNs] sfdL bfOsf]
5f]/f] la/] c/alt/ nfUg] ljrf/ uof]
t/ ljr/f ;Dkltsf] gfddf k'vf{n]
cfh{gsf] Pp6f cf/g / vnftLafx]s
s]xL lyPg Ps dg t ;f]Rof] oxL klg
a]rlavg u/]/ d'Unfg l5?FsL t==
t/, sltg} d"No kYof]{ / < km]l/
hfgLhfgL kl/jf/sf] /f]hL/f]6Ldf nft
xfGg p;sf] cfbz{n] lbPg, pm;Fus
} f]
;fyL d}t] bdfO{n] ePsf] Ps xn uf]?
/ 3/af/L a]r/] c/alt/ xflgof] .
ufpFnx] sltn] eg] d}tn
] ] 7Ls uof],
ca s]xL u5{ . ca lt? la/]lt/
t]l;{of] afa'cfdfn] lbglbg} srsr
ug{ yfn] . ;Fus
} f] ;fyL c/a k'Uof] of]
xfd|f] nf7] la/] vfof] l9F8f], xNof] lxF8o\ f],
kfNof] af]sb] f/L pkm{ pm xfF;f]sf] kfq
dfq aGg k'Uof] . lbdfvdf cg]s
s'/fx v]Ng yfn] crfgs Ps/ft
pm lgGb|fd} eml:sof] pm aa{/fof] P
blnt xf], slt lbg a:g] hfFtf]dg' L
lklN;P/ < sltlbg 3g 76fpg] ef]sf
k]6 lnP/ < PSsf;L p;sf] lbdfvdf
qmflGtsf/L efj Hjfnfd'vL eP/
laikmf]6 eof] / blnt d'lStsf] nflu
sDd/ s;]/ nfUg] ;Nk lnof] /
ufpF s f cfkm' h :t} blnt kLl8t
pk]lIft ju{nfO{ ;d]6/] Pp6f df]rf{
u7g uof] blnt d'lStdf]rf{ df]rf{n]
s]xL gf/fx tTsfn lgsfNof] < P]
blntx xf] sltlbg a:5f} hftf] d'lg
lklN;P/ < P] ef]sf k]6x xf]
slxn];Dd 7f]sL /xG5f} kmnfd] 3g
clg hf]lt/xG5f} csf{sf] af/L < ca
csf{sf] nflu xf]Og cfgf] d'lStsf]
nflu aGb's agfpg l;s v's/' L /
tf/jf/ wfl/nf] kf/]/ cfgf] af/Ldf
cfkm}F hf]Tg] clwsf/sf] nflu n8\g
p7 ufpn]xn] p;nfO{{ ;fy lbg]
afrf u/] . df]rf{ cGTodf /fhgLlts
kf6L{df kl/jt{g eof] . ;'?d} blntsf]
xftsf] kfgL rnfpg] cleofgdf nfu]
pgLx . If]qL, afx'gsf] 3/cfFugdf
uP/ cfk"mn] lbPsf] kfgL vfg g}lts
bjfa lbP ;kmn klg eP . To:t}
bf];f| ] r/0fdf dlGb/ k:g] cleofg
yfngL u/] To;df klg ;kmn x'bF } uP .
t];f| ] r/0fdf 7"nf hftsf r]nLa]6L
eufpg] cleofg ;' ? u/] of]
cleofgdf ;/sf/nfO{{ bafalbg
ljleGg gf/f h'n;
' lgsfn] . h:t}M
cGt/hftLo ljjfxnfO{{ sfg'gL dfGotf
u/ of] cleofgdf klg pgLx
ztk|ltzt ;kmn ag] Pp6f clt
dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s lg0f{o ;+;b\df
cg'df]bg u/fO5f8] . lg0f{o lyof]

/fhg slNkt, s'j]t

h;n] blnt;Fu ljjfx u5{ pgLxnfO{{
k'/:sf/ :jk %) xhf/ Ogfd lbg] .
k|:tfj kfl/t ePs} lbg sof}F blntn]
cfgf k'/l] xt afh]sf 5f]/Lr]nL eufP,
sf]xL, sxLF, st}af6 lj/f]wsf] cfjfh
cfPg . sfg'gL kmGbfdf kg]{ 8/n]
kLl8t kl08tx ufpF 5f8L lj:yflkt
eP eg] blntxn] lahoL h'n;
'
lgsfnL k"/} ufpF kl/qmdf u/], ef]h
et]/df /dO/x] . cGTodf cfgf] hldg
agfpg] cfleofdf kf6L{ h'6o\ f] / km]l/
gf/f / h'n;
' lg:sg yfn] . e"lddfly
hf]tj' fxsf] cflwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/==
oxL gf/fn] la/]nfO{{ dGqL;Dd agfof]
pm la/] sfdLaf6 dfggLo dGqL >L
la/axfb'/ t'kmfg aGof] . p;n]
cfk"mnfO{{ blnt eg]/ lrgfpg cln
lxlRsrfof] . To;}n] gfdsf] k5fl8
t'kmfg hf]8o\ f] . ca p;sf] /fhgLlt
s]lGb|s/0f eof], cfgf zfvf ;GtfgnfO{{
;?jf a9'jf u/]/ /fd|f] 7fpFdf k'ofof],
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{{ /fd|f/fd|f :s'n tyf
sn]hxdf egf{ uof], s]s] u/]g
p;n] < p;n] dGqL ag]s} xKtfdf gfdL
dxFuf] uf8L lsGof] 3/38]/L, a}+s
Aofn]G; pm cfk"mnfO{{ dfq xf]Og efaL
;Gtltsf] nflu klg ;DklQsf]
;' l glZrt uof] . tfsL cfgf
;GtfgnfO{{ cfk"m blnt ePsf] dxz'z
gxf];\ . olx t xf]== /fhgLltsf] sdfn <
/fhgLltdf nfu]sf] kfFr aif{ gk'Ub}
lemNs] sfld bfOsf] 5f]/f] la/] dGqL
aGof] Tof] klg p;s} ;kgfsf] dGqfno
-blnt, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf
;dfhsNof0f dGqfno_ dGqL ag]s}
b'O{ rf/ dlxgfd} 7l8Psf] uugr'dL
dxnsf] afNsf]gLdf a;]/ cfhsn pm
cfsfzsf] tf/f uGb} ;f/f /ft tGb|fd}
latfpg] ub{Yof] . wg x'bF f klg p;nfO{{
rog lyPg, ca} w kdf e' m f
cfZjf;g afF8/] hgtfsf] cfFvfdf sfnf]
kl6\6 afFw/] sdfPsf] sfnf] wg st}
kfk w'/Laf6 s'ln{g] t xf]Og < p;n]
x]bf{ x]b{} slt tf/fx p;s} cfFvf
cfuf8L v;]/ cl:yTjlalxg ag] t/
pm cfk"mnfO{{ ;wF} c6n / cfbz{jfg
dxfk'?ifsf] bhf{df pEofpg rflx/Xof] .
cfk"mn] cfh]s
{ f] dfg ;Ddfg O{Hht /
klti7f s;n] kf] u'dfpg rfxG5 / <
pm hlt ;f]RYof] pltg} b'MvL aGYof]
lsg xf] s'lGg cfhsn p;sf] dg
Tolt v'zL 5}g ;f]r
+ dUg 5 . pm st}
lt tf/fx em}=F = em/]/ cl:yTjlalxg
x'g] t xf]Og < pm Psf]xf]/f] cfgf]
clttnfO{{ ;DemG5, ufpF gkms{s
] f] klg
bzsf}+ x'g nfUof] . km]/L Ps dgn]
;f]R+ 5 lsg kmls{g kof] Tof] blnt /

afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\g k7fcf}F,

pgLxsf] ;'vb eljionfO{
;'lglZrt u/f}F .

bl/b| ufpFdf < p;nfO{{ crfgs d}t]

bdfO{sf] ;Demgf cfpF5 ;Fu} x's{] a9]sf]
d}t] bdfO c/alt/ nfu]sf] klg Ps
bzs eof] v} s] g} uof] / < cem;Dd
v/sf] 5fgf] kmfn]/ l6g nufpg ;s]sf]
5}g . a'9L cfd}sf] kmf6]sf] u'Go' bz
7fpFdf Kjfn kf/]/ w'hfw'hf ag]sf] 5 .
p;sL bldgLsf] xfnt klg To:t} 5
v} slxNo} /fd|f] nufPsf] / ld7f] vfPsf]
yfxf 5}g, lwSsf/ 5 pgLxnfO{{
p;nfO{{ Tof] d}t] bdfO{ k|lt 3[0ff 5 .
l5M Ps bzs k' Ubf klg cfgf]
hLjg:t/ p:sfpg g;Sg] jf:tadf
p;nfO{{ k'/} blnt al:t dflyg} 3[0ff
5 / pm cfk"m / cfgf] kl/jf/k|lt
uj{ u5{ olt 5f]6f] ;dodf olt 7'nf]
rdTsf/ u/]sf]df pm cfgf] ctLtnfO{{
Tolx blnt al:tdf 5f8]/ jt{dfgdf
/dfpg vf]H5 . cflv/ d Pp6fn]
agfP/ of] b]z aGg] xf] / < bz bz
jif{;Dd hgo'4 n8]/ ef]sf, gff,
lgd'vf hgtfsf] ;kgf af]s/] /fhwfgL
l5/]sf sd/]8 ldqx ;Qf lnKtfdf
r'nD{ d} 8'a/] lalng x'bF } 5g\ . of] ;Qf
df]x eg]s} o:t} /x]5, a'g]nfO{{ of]
;Qf lrgLsf] rf:gL xf], xfdL g]tf eg]sf
lem+uf xf} Psrf]6L km;]kl5 lgl:sg}
ufx|f] lar/f lem+ufsf] s] bf]if < bf]if t
lrgLsf] rf:gLsf] xf] xf]Og / < p;n]
;fx|f bf]if rfl:gnfO{{ lbFb} efjL
sfo{of]hgf ;f]+rL /Xof] ca km]/L
;]nfPsf] blnt d'lStsf] d'4fnfO{{
ttfP/ k|wfg dGqLsf] s'rL{;Dd k'Ug]
dxTjfsf+ I ffn] lk/f] n L /Xof] .
sy+sbflrt ;/sf/af6 blntsf]
d'4fnfO{{ ;Daf]wg eP cfgf] /fhgLlt
ug{ sfo{If]q g} ;dfKt x'g] ePn] ;w}+
lk/f]lng} /Xof] . p;n] ;+;b\sf] a}7s
cj?4 ul//Xof] clg ;+ljwfg;efsf]
ldlt yKg] k|:tfjdf tfln ahfpFb}
;dy{g hgfof] .
cfhef]ln la/] lgs} Ao:t x'G5,
slxn] ;]ldgf/, a}7s, uf]i7L, ;df/f]x
cflb O{TofbL pm h'g sfo{qmddf eP
klg blntsf] d'4fnfO{{ ljifoa:t'
agfP/ 3G6f} 306f;Dd cfgf] 3fF6L
b'vfO{ /xGYof] . pm rrf{df /xg gofF
gofF h'lSt ckgfO{ /xGYof] . p;nfO{{
ef]ln cfgf] 5f]/f5f]/Ln] cWoog ug{
SofDk;sf] jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]xdf k|dv
'
cltlysf] kdf lgdGq0ff cfPsf] 5 .
ef]lnsf] efif0fsf] tof/L ubf{ub}{ /fte/L
;'Tg ;s]g . s'g s'/f u/]/ rrf{df
cfpg] t < efif0fsf d'Vod'Vo ljifosf]
lr6 tof/ kfof] . ef]lnkN6 SofDk;df
cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd z'? eof], ;asf]
cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|laGb' lyof] dGqL Ho"
p;sf] efif0f z'? eof] . p;n] ljz]if
hf]8 cGt/ hftLo lajfxnfO{{ lbof],
h;n] blntsf 5f]/Lr]nL;Fu laafx
u5{ pgLxnfO{{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 ?=
%) xhf/ clg cfgf] tkm{af6 hgxL
?= !) xhf/ O{gfd lbg] / cGt/
hftLo lajfxaf6 hGd] s f
afnaflnsfnfO{{ lgMz'Ns 5fqj[lQdf
k9fpg] 3f]if0ff uof] . cfgf] kxndf

;dfhaf6 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo ePsf] /

cGt/hftLo ljjfx ;dosf] dfu
ePsf]n] sf]xL s;}n] la/f]w hgfPdf
s8f eGbf s8f sf/jfxL ug]{ c7f]6
uof] . SofDk;df cGt/hftLo lajfx
ul/;s]sf b'Or
{ f/ hf]8LxnfO{{ bf];Nnf
cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg ul/of] . rf/}lt/
u8u8fx6 tflnsf] jiff{ eof], SofDk;n]
p;nfO{{ bf];Nnf cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg uof],
k'mnu'55\f / cla/ d~r /+luof], gf/f
h'n;' lgl:sof] dGqLnfO{{ 8f]nfdf r9fP/
zx/ kl/qmdf ul/of], dGqL t'kmfg
hLGbfjfb hLGbfjfb hLGbfjfb
ef]lnkN6 laxfg} 6f]n6f]ndf xNnf
lkm+lhof] P dGqL t'kmfgls 5f]/L
;fg'dfof t kf]Onf uO{ /] lxhf]/flt
b]lvg} x/fPsL / ] 3/df 5}g dGqL
kfun h:t} eP/ vf]lh/x]5g\ of] va/
6f]n6f]n x'bF } ;f/f b]z lab]z;Dd
km}lnof] . kq klqsfdf x]8nfO{g aGof] .
dGqL cfgL 5f]/Ln] n]v/] /fv]sf] kq
xftdf ;dfO{ of] sbfkL x'g ;Sb}g
eGb} a/a/fO{ /Xof] . kqdf n]lvPsf]
lyof] cfb/0fLo a'afdfggLo dGqL Ho"
xh'/sf] cfbz{ OdfGbfl/tf b]lv cf]tk|ft]
eP/ xh'/sf] of] o'unfO{{ cGt/hftLo
o'u agfpg] ;kgf k'/f ug{ d :jo+ xh'/sL
5f]/L ;fg'dfofaf6 z'? u/]sL 5' . d}n]
xh'/s} arkgsf] ;fyL d}t] bdfO{sf] 5f]/f
;Gt] bdfO{;uF cGt/hftLo k|d] lajfx
u/]sL 5' . xh'/sf] cflzjf{bsf] k|ltIffdf
5f]/L ;fg'dfof .
dGqL t'kmfgn] Tof] kqnfO{{ l/;n]
cfuf] eP/ RofQ]rQ
' ] kf/L k}tfnfn]
s'NrL ofFSof] / 5f]/Ln] cfgf] gfs
sf6]/ cfk"meGbf ;fgf] hft bdfO{;uF
lajfx u/]sLn] p;nfO{{ slxNo} klg
dfkm gug{ / cfgf] :t/ gldNg] d}t]
bdfO{sf] 5f]/f ;Gt]nfO{{ HjfFO+{ gl:jsfg{]
a? sfg'g ldr]/ cyjf ;+zf]wg u/]/}
eP klg s8f eGbf s8f sf/jfxL ug{]
lg0f{o uof] . ef]lnkN6 kqsf/ ;Dd]ng
u/]/ cfgL 5f]/L ;fg'dfof s;};uF
klg kf]Onf guPsL a? pm ckx/0fdf
k/] s L== p;nfO{ { s] x L ck/flws
dfgl;stf ePsf ckx/0fsf/Ln]
ckx/0f u/]sfn] /fHon] oyflz3||
vf]htnf; u/L cfgL 5f]/Lsf] Hofg
arfO{ ckx/0fsf/LnfO{{ s8f eGbf s8f
sf/jfxL ug{ ;/sf/;Fu dfu uof] .
p;n] oyfy{tfnfO{{ 8f]sfn] 9fSg]
c;kmn k|of; uof], pN6} u'08f
nufP/ blnt a:tLdf cfuf]
nufOlbof], cfg} 5f]/Lsf] e?jf u'08f
nufP/ ckx/0f ug{ clg dO{t] bdfO{
/ ;Gt]sf] kQf ;fkm ug]{ k|k~r /Rof] .
of] va/ Ps sfg b'O{ sfg x'bF } ;fg'dfof
/ ;Gt]sf] sfg;Dd k'Uof] . ef]lnkN6}
;fg'dfofn] kqsf/;Fu cfk"m ckx/0fdf
gk/]sf] cfgf] >Ldfg ;Gt];uF ;'/lIft
g} /x]sf] a? afa' egfpFbf] dGqL
t'kmfgn] cfk"mxnfO{{ dfg{ u'08f
kl/rfng u/]sf] v'nf;f ul/g . of]
va/n] dGqL t'kmfg Hjfnfd'vL aGof] .
ef]lnkN6 km]/L csf]{ ;dfrf/ 5flkof],
dGqL t'kmfgsL 5f]/L HjfO{s
+ f] ;fd'lxs
cfTdxTof== of] va/n] ;f/f b'lgofF
:tAw aGof]

n]v, /rgf;DaGwL ;"rgf

g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

o; ;fKtflxsdf k|sfzgfy{ ;flxlTos ;fdu|L /

/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s,
k'/ftflTjs, dgf]/~hg, v]ns'bnufot;Fu ;DalGwt
/fli6o cGt/f{li6o dxTjsf n]v, /rgf / tl:j/x
pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg' x'g ;DalGwt ;a}df
cg'/f]w ul/G5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/ / /rgfx k|sflzt
ug]{ gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;Dkfbsdf lgxLt x'g5
] .
k|sflzt gePsf ;fdu|Lx lkmtf{ gul/g] ePsfn]
cfk"m;Fu d"nk|lt /fv]/ dfq k7fpg'xf]nf .

If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs
afuahf/, sf7df8f},+ kmf]gM (*$!$)#*%!

E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

c+u|]hLd} af]Ng'kg]{, c+u|]hLdf xf:g'kg]{

dfwjk|;fb bfxfn
sLlt{k/' s]lGb|o SofDk;sf] c+uh
]| L ljefucGtu{t PdP k|yd jif{ k|yd
sIffdf s/Lj @ ;oeGbf w]/} ljBfyL{n] kl9/x]sf] a]nf clgtf 9'n
] n] k9fO/x]sf]
sIffdf PSsf;L Pshgf tfn' v'OlnPsf, kfj/ rZdf / lgnf] /sf] sf]6
nufPsf s/Lj ^) jif{ k'us
] f h:tf b]lvg] Ps enfb\dL JolSt leq k;] .
xfdLxnfO{{ k9fO/x]sL Dof8dn] c;fWo} ;Tsf/k"0f{ clejfbg u/]sf] b]v/] tL
a"9f s'g} 7"n} dfG5] /x]5g\ eGg] nfUof] . ;nnn au]sf] c+uh
]| Ldf af]Nb} tL
enfb\dL JolStn] xfdL ljBfyL{xnfO{{ Tolt 7"nf] ;+Vofdf Pp6} sIff sf]7fdf
;]S;g ljefhgsf] dfu gu/L w}ot{ fk"js
{ kl9/x]sf]df wGojfb lbP / xfdLxsf]
Tolt 7"nf] ;+Vof c+uh
]| L ljefusf] uj{sf] s'/f ePsf] atfP . xfdLx ;a}nfO{{
cg'zfl;t / lh1f;' eP/ k9\g ;'emfj lbFb} s'g} 7"n} ;d:of ePdf cfk"m;Fu
;Dks{ ug{ eGb} pgL Dof8dnfO{{ wGojfb lbFb} aflxl/P . pgL uPkl5 c?af6
yfxf kfPF pgL ljefuLo k|dv
' k|f=8f= cle ;'jb] L /x]5g\ . k|yd jif{ Ps jif{
cg'ejdf ;a}h;f] k|fWofksxaf6 d w]/} k|efljt eO;s]sf] lyPF . o:tf]
nfUYof] sLlt{k/' s]lGb|o ljefu k9\g dfq} eGbf klg k|efljt x'g hfg] 7fpF
/x]5 . k|yd jif{df k|fWofkg ug{] ;/xdWo] OZj/L kf08]osf] hf]8bf/k"0f{
k|:t'lt / cfsif{s zf/Ll/s JolStTjaf6 d a9L k|efljt ePF . t/, b'ef{Uo
pgL xfdLxnfO{{ k9fpFbfk9fpFb} cd]l/sf uPF eGg] hfgsf/L rGb|ks
| fz
zdf{ ;/n] lbP . k|:t'lt / c+uh
]| L efiffsf] pRrf/0fsf lx;fan] s'g} s'g}
;/xsf] sIff k|:t'lt lkmtnf] h:tf] eP klg pxfFx ;f/tTj;Fu v]Ng ;Sg]
/ uxg cWoog u/]sf JolSt ePsf] cg'el" t dnfO{{ eO/x]sf] x'GYof] . >Lw/
nf]xgL ;/n] lng nfu]sf] sIffxdf xfdLnfO{{ k9fpg] cGo ;/ klg uP/ a:g]
/ ;a} k"jl{ jBfyL{x Pj+ ;/xaLr k|z;
+ f kfO/xg] JolSt ePsfn] d pgsf]
sIffdf uP/ Pslbg k9\g kfP x'GYof] egL cft'/ lyPF . d k|yd jif{ ljBfyL{
eP/ klg ;/n] ltLo jif{ sIffdf k9fpg hfFbf d ;fyLx;Fu 8/fpFb} leq
k;]F . t8se8sk"0f{ geO{ cToGt ;/n z}nLdf ;/n] d]6flkmlhsn sljxsf]
af/]df Ps 306fsf] k|:t'lt /fv] . ljBfyL{xnfO{{ cToGt dfof ub}{ k9fpg] tL
;/sf] sIff k|:t'ltsf] ljz]iftf eg]sf] pgn] sljtf ljwfdf ePsf k|rngsf]
k"0f{ hfgsf/L lbFb} s'g} Ps ljz]if slj dfqsf] eGbf klg ;du| sfnsf] ;dLIff
u/]sf] d}n] kfPF . pgsf] Ps 306fsf] n]Sr/af6 ;a} ljBfyL{n] ;Dk"0f{ sljtf
ljwfsf] ;dLIff ug{;Sg] Ifdtf k|fKt ug{ ;s] h:tf] dnfO{{ nfUof] . bf];f| ] jif{df
sIffx klg pT;fxk"0f{ g} /x] . cle ;'jb] L ;/;Fusf] ;fdLKodf s'g} Ps
ljifo dfqdf eGbf klg ;du| c+uh
]| L ;flxTo;Fu v]n] h:tf] nfUof] . cle
;/sf] k|:t'lts/0fdf kmg cyf{t\ dhfs Pp6f ljz]iftf /x]5, h;n] ljP
n]en;Dd bfdf k9\bf gf/fo0fl;+x u'? / gf/fo0f clwsf/L ;/;Fu k9]sf]
ofb u/fO/xGYof] . bf];f| ] jif{ P]lR5s ljifo k9\g uPsf] a]nf of]uG] b| adf{ ;/n]
b'vfGt gf6sx k9fO/xFbf pxfFsf] Ol08og njhsf] c+uh
]| L pRrf/0f ;'Gbf d
;fyLx;Fu ;'6S' s xfFl;/xGy]F . Psrf]6L pxfFn] pRrf/0f u/]sf] 6]l/an zAbsf]
pRrf/0fnfO{{ d}n] g]kfnLdf pxfFs} njhdf l6/]an
' n]vL emfkfnL ;fyLnfO{{
b]vfpFbf pxfFn] yfxf kfpg'eP5 / xfdL;Fu nhfO cfgf] cfbt nfu]sf]
pRrf/0fnfO{{ :jLsfg{e
' of] . ;a} ;/xsf] k|/] 0ff Pj+ pS;fxaf6 xf}l;P/ bf];f| ]
jif{ k9fO l;WofP/ k|fWofkgsf] cj;/ vf]Hb} ubf{ lzIff ;+sfocgtu{t c+uh
]| L
ljifosf Tolta]nfsf hNbfaNbf k|fWofks cj:yL y/ ePsf ;d]t z]o/wgL
/x]sf] lghL sn]hdf cfj]bg eg{ k'u5
] ' d . ljBfsn gfd u/]sf] pSt
sn]hsf] k|lt:kwf{df cj:yL ;/n] /fd|;
} uF lgvf/]/ k|Zg ;f]ws
] f lyP . 5gf]6
eO;s]kl5 lgo'lSt a'g hfFbf sn]hsf] s8f lgod kfngf ug{ ;'emfj
lbOPsf] lyof] . k|yd lgod sn]h xftfleq k"0f{ c+uh
]| L jftfj/0f lgdf{0f
lyof] . c+uh
]| Ls} ljBfyL{ ePsfn] dnfO{{ Tof] lgodleq c6fpg cK7\of/f] ePg .
ToxfF lgo'St ePsf ;a} cf};t kfqx c+uh
]| L efiff af]Ng hfg]sf lyP .
cfk"mn] lhDdf kfPsf ;a} sIffxdf ljBfyL{xnfO{{ ;Gt'i6 kfg'{ d]/f] k|dv
'
bfloTj d}n] 7fg]F . sl/j tLg dlxgf hlt ToxfF k9fpFbf d}n] ToxfFsf] jftfj/0fnfO{{
a8f] d'l:snsf ;fy krfpFb} uPF . pSt cjlwe/ e/fO{ y/ ePsf -cufl8sf]
gfd lal;{;s]5_' lk|lG;knsf] s8f lgu/fgLdf sfd ug{k' b{Yof] . pgsf] s8f k|zf;gd'lg
;'?sf lbgxdf cfh 5f]8f}F ls ef]ln h:tf] nfu] klg lj:tf/} afgL kl/P5 .
sn]hdf yf]/} nlDaPsf] lyof], Ps lbg sIff sf]7faf6 aflx/ lg:sgf ;fy dnfO{{
PSsf;L xf5\oF" cfof] . c+uh
]| L af]ln/xg'kg]{ lgodnfO{{ la;{/] d]/f] cjr]tg dgaf6
crfgs xf5\os
F " f] cGtdf nIdLn] af; u?g\ eGg] g]kfnL jfSof+z pRrf/0f eP5,
hf] d]/f] kl5kl5 cfO/x]sf ljBfyL{ / k|foM ;a} s'gfdf ;+:ofks h:t} nfUg]
lk|lG;knn] ;'g5] g\ . sn]h ;lsg]lalQs} dnfO{{ clkm;af6 af]nfj6 cfof] . lk|lG;kn
dxf]boaf6 dnfO{{ ljBfyL{sf] cl3 nfh} gdfgL g]kfnL af]n/] sn]hsf] lgod pNn+3g
u/]sf]df ;r]t u/fOof] . d}n] :jLsf/]F / cfOGbf To;f] gug]{ afrf u/]F . d h:t}
;r]t u/fOg]xsf] nfdf] ln:6 lyof] ToxfF . Pslbg ToxL sn]hdf k9fpg] Pp6f
Onfdsf] ;fyLsf]df ;'Tg hfFbf c+uh
]| L ljifos} pSt lzIfs ;kgfdf g]kfnLdf
aa{/fO/x]sf lyP . lgbfpg'eGbf cufl8 c+uh
]| Ld} d;Fu s'/f u/]/ lgbfPsf pgL
;kgfdf lk|lG;kntkm{ cqmf]z kf]Vb} lyP . Ao"lF emPkl5 pgnfO{{ d}n] ;kgfsf jfSof+zsf]
:d/0f u/fpFbf pgL klg st} lk|lG;knn] yfxf kfpF5g\ ls egL 8/fO/x]sf lyP .
g]kfnL af]Nbf lsg To;/L bl08t x'gkb{Yof] t egL d cfgf] sf]7fdf cfP/ ;f]Rbf
To;sf] Pp6} pQ/ d]/f] dgdf cfpFYof] d}n] d]/f] hLjgdf /f]6L cfh{g ug]{ xltof/sf]
kdf g]kfnL efiffnfO{{ cFufn]sf] lyPg . c+uh
]| L efiffnfO{{ /f]6L cfh{g ug]{ xltof/
agfPsfxnfO{{ g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] clwsf/ gx'bF f]/x]5 . g]kfnd} hGd]/ cfg} g]kfnL
efiffdf af]Nbf klg cGo efiff k9fpg] ;/xn] To;dfly dhfs ubf{/x]5g\,
ljBfyL{x g?rfpFbf/x]5g\ . k|fWofkgsf] l;nl;nfdf lkBfsn gfdsf] sn]hdf
sfo{/t /lx/xg g;s] klg d]/f] k|fWofkgsf] dfWod Pp6} /xg afWo eof] . c+uh
]| Ld}
af]Ng'kg],{ c+uh
] | Ldf xfF:g'kg]{ . t/, cjr]tg dgdf 3'l;;s]sf] g]kfnL efiff slxn]sfxLF
aflx/ cfpg vf]Hbf]/x]5 . To;}dfly klg c+uh
]| L efiffsf] s:tf] k|xf/, x]g;{' \ t
cGofo ePg / <

7
ljB't=\ ==

^^ /f]kgLsf] ?= !) s/f]8 %* nfv

a/fa/ d"Nosf] hUuf cltqmd0f
ePsf] 5, eg] tf}lnxjf ljt/0f
s]Gb|sf] tLg /f]kgLsf] ?= $% nfv
d"No a/fa/sf] hUuf cltqmd0f
ePsf] 5 . s];Lsf cg';f/ hDdf Ps
xhf/ $&$ /f]kgL hUufsf] ? Ps
cj{ &! s/f]8, %% nfv () xhf/
d"No a/fa/sf] hUuf cltqmd0f
ePsf] 5 . tL hUufx tTsfn
lkmtf{ ug{g;lsg] ePsf] atfpFb} s];Ln]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 g} lkmtf{
u/fpg'kg]{ ePsf]n] sl7g ePsf]
hfgsf/L lbP .
sfo{qmddf phf{dGqL uf]s0f{
lji6n] cltqmd0fdf ;+nUg hf] ;'s}
JolStnfO{{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg]
atfP . k|flws/0fsf] hUuf cltqmd0f
;fj{hlgs a]OHhltsf] ljifo ePsf]n]
jt{dfg jf e"tk"j{ sd{rf/L jf
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf ;Dk"0f{
JolStnfO{{ sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmofdf
NofpF5f} pgn] eg] . dlGqkl/ifb\n]
k|flws/0fsf] P]g lgod ljkl/t lg0f{o
gug{] atfpFb} s'g} JolStn] ;fj{hlgs
kb wf/0f u/] s f] cj:yfdf
k|flws/0fsf] hUuf cltqmd0f u/]sf]
eP p klg sf/afxLsf] efuLbf/ x'g]
bfaL uof] To;}u/L k|flws/0fsf]
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs lbk]Gb|gfy zdf{n]
k| f lws/0fdf ePsf] ljjfbx
;s];Dd rfF8f] ldnfpg] k|ltj4tf
JoSt u/] .
o;} u /L, dxF u f df] 6 / lsg] /
/fhgLlts g]tT[ jnfO{{ l/emfpFb} cfPsf]
ljB' k|flws/0f / o; dftxtsf
cfof]hgfn] ca lglZrt dfkb08eGbf
dflysf uf8L lsGg gkfpg] ePsf]
5 . dxFuf / lanfl;tfsf uf8L lsGg
gkfpg] / ePsf uf8Lsf]
Joj:yfkgsf nflu oftfoft gLlt
agfpg] lg0f{o k|flws/0fsf] ;~rfns
;ldltn] u/]sf] 5 . xfdL Go"g d"Nodf
cfjZos uf8L lsGg] / ePsf uf8Lsf]
Joj:yfkgsf nflu oftfoft gLlt g}
agfpFb} 5f},+ pmhf{dGqL uf]s0f{ lji6n]
eg] . ;~rfns ;ldltn] k|flws/0f
/ dftxtsf uf8L ;/sf/ jf
/fhgLlts g]t[Tjn] pkof]u ug{
rfx]df lsGg}kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
ls vl/b ug'{ kof] xf]Og eg]
k|flws/0f / dftxtsf cfof]hgfsf
uf8L r9\g kfOFbg} , pgn] eg] . xfn
;~rfngdf /x]sf dxFuf uf8L lnnfd
ug{vf]h]sf dGqL lji6n] sfg'gL
hl6ntfsf sf/0f ;/sf/nfO{ {
lslglbg cfu|x ug{] atfP . clxn]
sl/a % bh{g ! s/f]8 jf ;f]eGbf
a9L d"No kg]{ uf8L k|flws/0f jf
dftxtsf cfof]hgfdf 5g\ . h'g
clwsf+z g]tf cGo pRr kb:y
clwsf/Ln] r9\5g\ . sl/a @& ca{
k} o fF ;~rfng 3f6fdf /x] s f]
k|flws/0fsf uf8L eg] /fhgLlts
bnsf nflu cfsif{0f /xg] u/]sf 5g\ .
pmhf{ dGqLn] lgo'St u/]sf] k|flws/0f
k|dv
' n] g]tT[ jnfO{{ l/emfpg o:tf uf8L
;xh} pknAw u/fpg] kl/kf6L
o;cl3 lyof] . ul/a hgtfsf]
yfKnf]df C0f yf]k/]/ dxFuf uf8L r9\g'
cg'lrt xf] . o;nfO{{ aGb ug{ k|of;
yfn] s f] x' F , dGqL lji6n] eg] .
o;k6s dGqL lji6n] v' n f
k|lt:kwf{af6 k|d'v lgo'St u/];Fu}
uf8Lsf] b'kof]u /f]Sg]df Wofg lbPsf]
atfP . sflnu08sL, dWo d:of{bL
/ xfn lgdf{0ffwLg rd]lnof uf8L
cfk"lt{ ug{ cfsif{s cfof]hgf x'g .
dWo d:of{bL emG8} bf]Aa/ nfut /
;do nfu]/ ab\gfd ePsf] cfof]hgf
eP klg o;sf uf8Lsf] nfe eg]
k|foM ;a} bnsf g]tT[ jn] lng NofPsf
5g\ . clxn] rd] l nof uf8L
cfk"lt{stf{ ePsf] 5 eg] lqz"nL #
P cfof]hgfdf klg bnxsf] cfFvf
nflu;s]sf] 5 . dGqL lji6n] klg
cfk"mn] rl9/x]sf] rd]lnofsf] uf8L
lkmtf{ ug{ ;fj{hlgs k|lta4tf
hgfO;s]sf 5g\ eg] ;lrj afnfgGb
kf}8]nn] o;cl3 g} lkmtf{ ul/;s]sf
5g\ . dxFuf uf8L ;/sf/n] k};f
lbP/ lsGg g;Sg] xf] eg] dxFuf] uf8L
lnP/ d"No x]/L w]/} ;:tf] uf8L
pknAw u/fOlbg ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x
ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5, dGqL lji6n]
eg] . ;~rfns ;ldltn] sf]6];g laqm]tf k;n] jf sDkgLn] lbg] ;fdfGo

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

d"No;"rL_ sf cfwf/df k|flws/0fn]
;fdfg lsGg gkfpg] lg0f{o;d]t u/]sf]
5 . jif{el/sf] cfjZostf klxrfg
u/L clen]v /fVg] / ToxL cfwf/df
6]G8/ u/L ;fdfg lsGg] Joj:yf ul/g]
dGqL lji6n] atfP . cfktsfnLg
cj:yfdf af]8{df :jLs[ltaf6 dfq}
lsGg ;lsg] 5, pgn] eg] .
k|flws/0fsf Ps csf{ clwsf/Lsf
cg';f/ sf]6];gaf6 ;fdfg lsGg]
Joj:yfaf6 x' g ] clgoldttfsf]
k|flws/0fsf] 3f6fdf 7"nf] lx:;f 5 .
Ifdtfcg';f/ grnL sd{rf/L dfq}
egf{ ul/Psf Ps d]3fjf6eGbf sd
Ifdtfsf cfof]hgfnfO{{ ef8fdf lbg]
lg0f{o klg ;f]daf/sf] ;~rfns
;ldltn] u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] !@ o:tf
cfof]hgfnfO{{ ;d'bfo, ;xsf/L jf
lghL If]qnfO{{ rnfpg lbg] lg0f{o
u/]sf] dGqL lji6n] atfP . clxn]
vr{dfq} a9fO/x]sf oL cfof]hgfaf6
lah' n L pTkfbg a9\ g ' s f ;fy}
k|flws/0fnfO{{ emG8} @% s/f]8 k}ofF
cfDbfgL klg x'g] 5, pgn] eg] .
o;faLr, ljB't k|flws/0fsf
gjlgo' S t sfo{ s f/L lgb] { z s
bLk]Gb|gfy zdf{n] b]z / hgtfsf]
:jfy{sf nflu sfd ug]{ k|lta4tf
hgfPsf 5g\ . pmhf{ dGqfnodf
ut;f] d af/ cfof] l ht kqsf/
;Dd]ngdf pgn] cfgf] cfsif{s
eljio 5f]8]/ k|flws/0f ;'wf/sf]
r'gf}tL lnPsf] atfP . d]/f nflu
k|flws/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L 7"nf] r'gf}tL
xf], zflGt dGqfnosf] ;x;lrjaf6
sfhdf v6fOPsf $$ jifL{o zdf{n]
eg], Ps dlxgfleq ;'wf/sf of]hgf
;fj{hlgs u5{ . pgn] k|flws/0fsf]
ljQLo ;'wf/ / g}lts ;fx; a9fpg
sfd ug{ atfP . pgn] k|flws/0f
k|d'vsf kdf sl/a # nfv k}ofF
kfl/>lds kfpg] pmhf{;lrj afnfgGb
kf}8n
] n] eg] .

nf} x]g;{' =\ ==

ho eGg]n] d]/f] 3/} prfNg vf]hf] .

xQkQ p7]/ To} ;'Tbf nfpg] s6\6'
nf/ cf8gfF lg:s] . d]/f] afa} /fFs]
t b'O{ sfGnf pFwf]sf] af6f]df s'lb/fVof
5 . dfcf]jfbL xf}+ eGg]xn]{ o:t} a]nfdf,
o:t} af6fdf, o:;} cy{g\ /] eGg] s'/f]
stfslt ;'Gof y] . ;'Gof s'/fnfO{
b]Vof s'/f;Fu le8f / x]bf{ tf] s'/f]
ldnf] . bzaf/hgf d' G 5] 5g\ ,
cSsf;lt/ kmsf{/ /fFsf bGbgL afNof
5g\, /fd|f] gv'Ng] u/L lhGbfjfb
eg]:tf] s'/f] eGof 5g\, u'8'8'8'8'
s'b\of 5g\ . x]bf{x]b} t ;/, plTgv]/}
/fsf;fFsf ofKe'mKk} r6s cof
h:tf] . s'g b'nf6L lg:s], s'g b'nfF
lanfP, tf] lbgsf] s'/f] TolQs} ef] .
ef]lnkN6 laxfgb]lv t ;/, ufd}
y/x/L x'g yflnxfnf] . cGt====
clg To;kl5====<
To;kl5 s] x'gY' of] / ;/ < d lg
3fd kf6L{sf] gfOs] x'd\ eGg] uf]lknfn]
8fFsf Psflaxfg} rf}tf/fF lg:s]/
rf/rf}/fd yls{g] c/L yfnf] s'ln{g .
s] eg]/ <
tf] 8fFsf lognfO{ s;/L l;Wofd\
eg]/ rf]s] af]s]/ uf}8f 9's]/ a:of
Yof] . dfcf]jfbL xf}+ eGg]n] dWo] /ftfF
/fs] lems]/ r/ agfOlbP . r/df
rf]s] 3';f/]/ yfNof] uf]k] 8fFsf a]:s/L
plwGg .
s] eg]/ <
s] eg]/ eGb]lvg\ ;/, xfd|f
hftsf d'G5]sf gfpF sf8\b} /fFs]
lgsfNg] lo+bf]? g} x'g,\ d}n] cfg}
cfFvfn] o} rf}tf/f6L b]Vof x'd\, d}n]
;Kk}nfO{ lrGof 5' eg]/ s'Nof]{ uf]k]
kfkL . ToNn] y'ks
}| f gfpF sf8f] d]/f],
hd'gLsf], lh/L efph'sf], cfOt]sf],
kNnf 3/] sf}8] sfG5fsf] . ug]/ s]
;fWo] ;/, sltsf] xf] sltsf]
clg
uf]k] alhof u888 s'2} cfk}m
c8\8fF k'uf] . cfgf ;Q'/ hlt ;Kk}sf
gfpF kf]nf] . clg====
clg To;kl5 <
To;kl5sf] s'/f] elg;fWo] 5}g,
;/ . To;kl5 eof] s] eGb]lvg\ 8f]/
cf/ To} rf}tf/fF a;f] . s;}n] nf7f
af]Sof 5g\, s;}n] aGb's af]Sof 5g\,
xflsd xflsdh:tf b'O{hgf l;kfO{
vfnL xft xNnfpFb} a:of 5g\ . ptf
uf]k] kfkL rfOg] s]xL yfgkfe}m+ c/L
3/fF a:of 5 . ltgn] s] eGrg\, s]
cr{g\ eg]/ sfg yfKg xfDn] e'/f
k7fod\ . rf}tf/fF a;]/ ltgn] rGb|]

eGg] df:6/;Fu aft df/]rg\ . cfOt]

3/fF y]g, To;}n] k]mnf kfg{ ;s]gg\ .
kfFrhgf l;kfO{n] cf/ dnfO{ ofKk}
kqmfp u/] . d t lhNn k/]+, ;/ .
;kgf b]v]:tf] nfuf] . cfk"mnfO{ Ps
hft yfxf z'l4 5}g . /fFs] s'g b'nf6L
lg:s]/ s'g b'nfF cnk eO;sf] . otf
dnfO{ k'ln;n] ofKk kfof 5g\ .
olt eg]/ dn]n] ;':s]/f xfNof] .
dn]n] kqmfp k/]b]lv k'ms'jf
x'Fbf;Ddsf] gfnLa]nL l/f] gla/fO{
;'gfof] . p;nfO{ s'Zdf nu]/ k'ln;sf]
c8\8fdf kmf]xf]/, cFWof/f] sf]7fdf PSn}
y'g] . dfcf]jfbLsf] aft nfP/ kqmfp
u/]kl5 k'ln;n] dWo] /ftdf hndf
nfG5, 9\ofDd uf]nL xfG5, k'Sn'Ss}
df5} eGg] p;n] ;'g]sf] lyof] . ptf
/fFs] s'g b'lgofFdf k'lu;s], otf dnfO{
l;QLdf k'Sn'Ss dfg]{ eP eg]/
ySsySs dfGb} p;n] Hofg dfof
dfof] . p;nfO{ b'O{ tLgk6s k'ln;n]
s]/sf/ u/] /fFs] t]/} p;n] Hofg
dfof dfof] . p;nfO{ b'O{tLgk6s
k'ln;n] s]/sf/ u/] /fFs] t]/} 3/af6
lg:Sof xf], /fFsf hf]8hfd ug]{ t} xf];,\
;Nsfpg] t}+ xf];,\ /fFsx] nfO{ Vjfpg]
;'tfpg] t}+ xf];\ . tF lxh}b]lv g]tf
kLn6g vf]Hof ly;\, aNn kl/;\ k]mnf
;fnf . ls b]vf /fFs]sf] gfOs], ls
vfO;\ tftf uf]nL . k'ln;n] p;nfO{
o;} eg]/ wDsfP, ysf{P, p;sf] ;ftf]
lnP . p;n] hf] ePsf] ;To;fFrf]
s'/f] afx]s bfofFafofFsf] lkml6Ss s]xL
s' / f] eg] g . To;kl5 p;nfO{
nf]Eofpg / kmsfpg a'6f] kf6L{ /
3fd kf6L{sf dfG5]x cfP . d]/f]
kf6L{df nfu\, ufpFn]xnfO{ klg ot}
lvr]/ n] . d t]/f] hdfgL a:5', tFnfO{
5'6fpF5', arfpF5', t]/f] aGbf]a:t
ldnfOlbG5' . xf]Og eg] tFnfO{ cfh
ef]ln g} l;WofpF5g\ . g, g, t]/f] s'g}
pkfo 5}g, af . ls d]/f] kf6L{leq ls
5ftLdf tftf uf]nL nf]Eofpg],
kmsfpg] / t;f{pg] d'v b'O{ y/L lyP .
t/ ltgsf] af]nL / aft ;'Gbf Pp6}
d'vaf6 b'an
} ] cfnf]kfnf] u/L af]ns
] f
x'g\ eGg] nfUYof] . dn] dfg]g, dl/uP
dfg] g . cflv/df b' O { xKtfkl5
p;nfO{ Tolts} k'ms'jf u/] .
lk6kf6 klg u/] ls bfO <
w]/} xf]Og ;/, tLgrf/ emfk6
t lkl6xfn] . /fFs] s'g b'nfF n'ls;sf],
ltdf]? lsg d]/f] x'd{t lnGrf} < eg]/
cln s8f s'/f] lemSg vf]Hof y] ;/,
9fF6r
\ ;\ ;fnf dfcf]jfbL eg]/ xflsd
k'ln;n] dnfO{ esfes\ lkl6xfnf] .
gfOF, gfOF, dnfO{ k]ml/ kqmfp cof
5}gg\ . kl5 s'/f cfGb|fe'F8L s;/L
v'nf] ;'Ggx'Gr, ;/ < d]/f] afa}
kfkLxn]{ kl5 lahf]s b]vfP . o}
tlNy/f lai6 6f]nsf d'G5]x lg
/fFs]df gfl/of /rg\ . stf6L uGw
kf/ xf] s'lGg k'ln;n] ofk\em' Kk} kq]m/
kf]sf] kf/]/ lt+bf]nf{O{ c8\8f rnfg
u/] . eft]xn]{ kl5 s] u/] ;'Ggx'Gr,
;/ < kl5 t lt+bf]? sfg ;dfr]/
esfes\ 3'8F f 6]Sb} 3fd kf6L{df l5/] .
pFbf]n]{ 3'F8f 6]s] . pFbf]{nfO{ xfO{ ;Grf]
eOxfnf], xfDnfO{ k'ln;n] lg nv]6o\ f
nv]6o\ } 5, kf6L{ xf}+ eGg] sfnxg]{ lg
3]of 3]o} 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL xf}+ eGg]xn]{
lg cSs/fF kfg{ 5f8\of 5}gg\ . g
la/fpg' , g lk/fpg' xfDnfO{
rf/lt/sf] of] xQ] xf] t lg ;/,
/fFs]e"tsf] x'08/Lkl5 Ps k6s
lt+bf]? cfy] . xf], pg} dfcf]jfbL xf}+
eGg]x . sfFsf] s'/f cg{ x'Gr ;/ <
tL x]/L o} cf\gfF cfP . g lrGg', g
hfGg', g cfpFm ls eg]/ ;f]lwk7fDg' .
tL t ;/, ofKk} cfP . gfOF, gfOF,
/flt To:t} af/ ah]lt/ . l;dl;d
l;dl;d kfgL kl//fYof] . cGgd'li6
cFw/] f] a]nfF d dfly cf6Ldf lgbfO/fy],+
cfgf6L dfdf, dfdf, eg]:tf] ;'g+] .
sfg yfk] xf], af]nfO/frg\ . kSsf
lg st} df]/f] k/f] xf]nf eg]/ dg
To;}To;} em; ef] . sf] v':s]5 nf}
eg]/ dgfF glgsf s'/f v]nfDb} a/08fF
lg:s]+ . P ufF] tn cf8gfF tLg
rf/hgf d'G5] plEeof e}+m b]V5' .
cfgfF sf] xf] < d}n] ;f]w]+ .
dfdf Ps l5g tn em/Dg,
Pp6f]n] egf] . lsglsg dg t:of],{
;/ . cfwf /ftfF, kfgL kl//f a]nfF,
cGgd'li6 cFWof/f] cf\gf6L pFef] kms]/{
dfdf eG5g\ . sf] cfOnfUof x'g\
lobf]? < t;]{sf] dg x'F8lnof], ;/ .
cGt ;/, d}n] tf] /fFse
] t" ;De]m+ , clg
aGb's] k'ln;, clg kqmfp, clg wDsL,

clg dl/xfNrg\ ls eGg] 8/====. d]/f]

dgn] of egf] ;/ xf];\ u/\ x}
en] d'G5] pg}pg} h:tf 5g\ . cf]ng{ }
k/f] ;/, d lk+8Ldf cf]n]{ . pFbf]? tn
cf=gfF plEeof 5g\, d dfly lk+8Ldf
plEeof 5' . pFbf]n]{ dnfO{ x]of 5g\,
d}n] pFbf]nfO{ x]of 5' . cGgd'i6L cFw/] f],
kfgL kof ko} 5 .
xfdL kfx'gf xf}+ dfdf, xp/sf
efGhfefGhL . sf] xf} eg]/ ;f]Wbf
lt+bf]n]{ xf] o:;} eg], ;/ . a]nf g
s'an
] f, lrGg' g hfGg'sf efGhfefGhL
dnfO{ yf]/y} f]/} l/; p7f] . ;kgf eGg'
ls, ljkgf eGg' ls d t To;}To;}
cndNn k/]+, ;/ . clna]/ TolQs}
plEePl; g]tf]gt] f] h:tf] d'G5] efif0f
cof:tf] c/L eGg yfnf], xf]gf]{;\
dfdf xfDnfnfO{ xp/xfd|f ;Q'/xn]{
ab\gfd cg{ o:tf x'Nofxf / p:tf
pu|jfbL eg]/ gfgfjnL kmQ'/ nfrg\ .
jf:tj s'/f] s] xf] eg] dfdf, xfdL
dfcf]jfbL eGg] slDgi6 kf6L{sf d'G5]
xd\ . xfdL u/Lkblntsf Psf 3/sf
;fyL xd\ . zf]ifs ;fdGtLnfO{ e6fe6
e'6]/, ltgsf] h]yf] y't]/ u/LknfO{
afF8]/, h'4 dRrf/, lht]/ xfdL
u/Lkb'MvLsf] /fh v8f cg{ Hofg
xTs]nfF /fv]/ s::of 5d\ . To;}n]
dfdf, xfdL xp/sf efGhfefGhL xd\,
PSs} cfFtsf ;fyL xd\ . xf], tf] g]tfn]
o:;} egf] ;/ . tf] g]tfnfO{ d}n] s]
hjfkm kmsf{PF eg]/ ;f]Wg ef x}g
xpn]{ < d}n] ToNnfO{ d'vel/sf] hjfkm
kmsf{P,F ;/ . d}n] eg]+ efGhfefGhL
/ Ps} cfFtsf ;fyL xd\ eGg]sf] rfn
lg b]lvof] b]Vg] / ef]Ug] xp/xsf]{
sfd u/fO p;nfO{ v'bf] ef5 . xfdL
blnt p;sf ;Q', xfDnfO{ df:g pm
rf}tf/Ldf pEe]/ /ftlbg s'ln{b}5
of] ufFj} dfcf]jfbL, oL hDd}nfO{ PSs}
lbg, PSs} 7fddf e6fe6\ tftf
uf]nL===. xp/xsf]{ /fFs]n] p;nfO{
vf]h:] tf] ef5 . pm x8/x;Fu v'zL
5 . xp/xsf]{ ;fFRrLsf] dfdf t pm
x'gkg]{ To} 3fd 5fk kN6]/ efn] x'g
vf]Hg] ufdel/sf] ;Q'/ . xp/ ptf
rf}tf/Ldf hfgf];\, of] ef;g To}
8fFsfnfO{ ;'gfDgf];\, dnfO{ xf]Og .
;/n] d]/f] s'/f] kTofDg ePg < xf],
d}n] ltgnfO{ To:;} eg] . gfOF, gfOF,
pFbf]? emf]lSsPgg\ . d]/f s'/f ;'g]/
n'?Ss nq] . cGt dnfO{ tn kfg{
eg]/ xf] s] /], tL g]tf 7"nf s'/f cg{
yfn] . d}n] bzsf] Ps lg ga'g]
vfnsf 7"nf s'/f ef/t eGg] o:tfn]
o:tf] lauf/ u/f], clD/sfg\ eGg]
p:tfn] p:tf] pkWo|fOF u/f] . lt+bf]nf{O{
7Ls kfg{ kr{ . xf], tf] g]tfn] o:tf
7"N7"nf s'/f lemsf] . cGt ;/ d}n]
lg elGbPF o; 7fdsf] 7"nf] d'G5] To}
uf]k] Jofwf xf] . pt}klsf 7]6\gfn]
/fFs] lems]/ xfd|f] blnt ufdnfO{ l;}
8'afpg vf]Hof 5g\ . xp/sf] 7"nf]
s'/f] To} 7"nf] d'G5]nfO{ ;'gfDgf];\ . xf],
d}n] lt+bf]nf{O{ eGofF s'/f] o:t}o:t}
sfObfsf] xf], ;/ . gfOF, gfOF, s] sf]
dnfO{ xKsfpg', ;/ < ltgsf lha|fF
;gf;f nfu] . tL t gl/;fpgf];\
dfdf eg]/ gf}gL h:tf aft cg{cl
nfu] . clg aNn ltbf]+n]{ ufFL s'/f]
lems] . dfdf, xfdL tLg lbgb]lv ef]s}
5d\, lemldSs lg ;'Tg kf 5}gd\,
a]:s/L yfSof 5d\, ntSs} leHof 5d\,
o;f] Ps ufF; / Ps /ftnfO{ af;====
ca eg] ;/, dnfO{ cfkt k/f] . ;s]
ltgn] d;F u aft cbf{ c b} { uf] k ]
8fFsfklsf d'G5]n] sfGnfF n's/] lrof]
cl//fVof xf]nfg\ . laxfg loFbf]?
p7\bfgp7\b} k'ln; cfpnfg\ a"6
7f]s]/, nf7f af]s]/, aGb's tfs]/ .
clg < To;sf/0fn] ;/, d}n] d'nfsfh
g/fvL cfgf] Joyf v/fv/L kf]v]+ .
d}n] s] eg]+ eGg ef ;/n] < d}n] s]
eg] eg]+ x]gf];
{ ,\ dlt/f6L of] s'/f] x'g
;Sb}g . tk}x+ vfgx'Gr, ;'Tgx'Gr,
p7]/ n;'Ss jglt/ nfUgx'Gr .
xp/sf] /fFse] t" b]v/] ;Kk} hfnLkm6fxf
/ 8fFsf rgfvf eOrg\ . lt+bf]n{] u}8+ f
uf}8fF ;'N;'n] 5fl8rg\ . ptf xp/xnf{O{
9'Ss, otf d]/f] ;Tofgfz . gfOF, gfOF
s/ gcgf];
{ \ . d]/f] bf]0ff kfv'/fn] kfNg
kg]{ k]6 ;ftf]0ff 5g\ . xp/xsf]{
sf/gn] dnfO{ k'ln;n] df/f] eg] d;Fu}
d]/f] 3/ hDd} d'G5] dr{g\ . gfOF,
gfOF, xQ] xfNg kb}g{ , dlt/f6L tf]
s'/f] ePg . uf/f] gdfGg xf]nf, d}n]
;lsgF . To;kl5 < d] / f] afa}
To;kl5 t tf] g]tf] af3e}+m ulh{g
yfnf] . c bf]0fL slnnf l76L 5g\,

Pp0ff] slnn} l76f] 5 . g]tf] af]Nbf

lt+bf]n{] 3/L p;nfO{ k'nS' s x]of 5g\,
3/L dnfO{ k'n'Ss x]of 5g\ . a8f
a8f emf]nf af]Sof 5g\, cfgfF pEEof
5g\ . g]tf] s] eg]/ uHof]{ eg]/ eGg
ef, ;/n] < ToNn] s] egf] eg] ;/,
xfdL rfOg] ltdLh:tfsf] enf] c/d\
eg]/ Hofg xTs]nfF /fv]/ lxF8\g] .
ef]sef]s,} ;'Tg gkfO{, yfsL :yfsL,
d/Ld/L, /ftlbg . ltdL rfOg]
cfk"mnfO{ gs{af6 ptfg{ o;/L lxF8s
] f
d'G5]nfO{ Ps ufF; / Ps af; lg
lbGg eGg] < xfd|f cfdfaf 5}gg\ <
xfd|f :jf:gL5f]/f5f]/L 5}gg\ < ltgsf
cfFvf cfF; 5}gg\ < ltgsf k]6 kf]Nof
5}gg\ < ltgsf] lalNnaf7 ef 5}g <
tkfO{+h:tf] jf:tj s'/f] a'g] d'G5]n]
o:tf a}u'gL s'/f cg]{ < dgdf Ps
lkTsf] bof lg 5}g < vKk/fF Ps rDrf
lubL lg 5}g < tkfO{+h:tf] d'G5]nfO{
xfDn] ;fyL eGg] ls ;Q'/ eGg] < ToNn]
t dnfO{ wSsf/, 3'sL{ nf/, knfu]/
unfO5f8\g] 5fF6 kf] lemsf], ;/ . d
cSs/df k/]+- s] eGg' g s] eGg'
gvfpm ga; egd\ ltgsf] lahf]s
lrtfOg;Sg' 5 . o;f] ;f]r]+, oL klg
t s;}sf 5f]/f5f]/L x'g\ . logsf lrQfF
lg t dfof xf]nf, logsf dg lg ?Fbf
xf]nfg\ . vfpFm, nfpFm, df]h u?F eGg]
cNnf/] pd]/, o;/L v's'/Lsf 3f/
6]Sb} /flt/flt lx+8\of rg\ lbpF;f]
lbpF;f] n'Sof 5g\ . d'v x]bf{ dfof
nfUr . cfgf nflu xf]Og ltdf]sf{
nflu dfg{dg{ lx+8\of xd\ eGrg\ .
dnfO{ sqf] xQ] k/f] ;/, tf] a]nfdf
gfOF, gfOF, t} lg d}n] lt+bf]nf{O{ eft
lvnfpg / ;'tfpg ;lsgF, ;/ . s'/f
b/f c/]/ s] ug'{, sfdsf] 9 b'O{
k};fsf] 5}g . lai6sf l76fnfO{ p/fn]/
cQf] g kQf];fu tfQf] g 5f/f]sf]
/fFs]e"t lemSrg\, cfk"m n'Srg\ /
xfDnfO{ vf}nfF kfr{g\ . gfOF ;/, d
uNg dflggF . d}n] e'/fsf e'F8L x]/]/
kUn]sf] d'6' ufF7f] kf/] clg eg]+
/ftel/ ef;g c/] lg dcf6L so}
emg]{jfnf 5}g . a? b] eGg'x'Gr
eGb]lvg\ d Psb'O{ dfgf sf]bf lk7f]
lbDnf, b'O{rf/ 3f]uf ds} lbDnf .
xfDnfO{ e'\/fF kf/]\/ n'Q 3fd kf6L{df
d'G6f] n'sfDg hfg] xp/xsf{ /fFs]
7]6\gfx x]/L tlTy/sf] lji6 ufddf
5g\ . uf]laGb] eGg] Pp6f] 5, Zofd]
eGg] csf]{ 5, xl/eQ]m eGg] csf]{ 5 .
xp/xsf{ dfdf;fdf pFbf]? g} x'g\
glhssf, kTofl/nf, Kof/f . xf],
pFbf]sd{} f hfgf];\ . ufF; pt}, af; pt} .
gfOF, gfOF, ltgn] d'Ssf rnfPgg\,
;/ . d]/f d'vf aftsf] hjfkm pFbf]n{]
lg d'v}n] lbP . t/ ;/, d}n] tf] s'/f]
eg]l; pFbf]? l/;n] cfuf] eP .
cGTofF0f t d]/f] cf\gfF plEeP/, dlt/
cf}n
+ f 78\ofDb} dnfO{ x'bF f gx'bF f kmQ'/
nfDb} kmt/kmt/ cg{ yfn] . s] eg]/
kmt/ kmt/ c/] < s] eg]/ c/] eg]
;/, clxn];Dd gaf]nLsg r'kf] nfu]/
g]tf]sf / d]/f bf]xf]/f aft ;'lg/fsf]
s]6f] cke{m6 a'?Ss po|f] . gfOF ;/,
v'} prfn]/ pof] eg]/ d}n] eGof
xf]Og . d}n] s'/fsf v'f prfn]/
a'?Ssf po|f] eGofF x'd\ . s] eg]/
po|f] < af;\, af;\, d To} s'/f eGg
nfUofF y]+, ;/ . ToNn] cfv'cfpsf]
s'/f] lemsf], ;/ . s'/f] lems]/ ToNn]
egf] , t] / f] cfv' c fp ;fF R rLsf]
cfv'cfp xf]Og . d}n] ;f]w+] cfv'cfp
xf]Og eg] eGgf];\ t s] cfp xf] <
pNn] eg] ;/, t]/f] cfv'cfp eg]sf]
ldlnh'nL, aF8Lr'8F L vfp, xf] . Toltn]
wLt gk'u]/ ToNn] s] lg egf] ;/,
t]/f cfF;' b]vf/ xft kf/]sf] 8n/sf]
/;hlt dflysfn] vfGrg\, 5f]qmfhlt
ltdf]? tnsfnfO{ v;flNbGrg\ . ToNn]
To;f] eg]l; ;/, d}n] lg l/;n] cfFvf
b]lvgF . clg d}n] lg p;}u/L a'?Ss
pk|m] / eg],+ cfFvfn] gb]Vof s'/f] clxn]
ev{/} b]Vof x'de]+m, c/L lsg as\as\
crf}{ < s;}n] vf b]Vof eP vfg]
d'G5] ef 7fddf u/ xfSsfxfSsL aft
df/ . d}n] lnTsf]lkTsf] lg vf5}g .
vfg eg]/ lha|f] pFWofpFb} cfv'cfpdf
nfluof x}g . o;f] aft cg{ hflgPnf,
clSsn a9\nf, cfF6 b/f] xf]nf, lz/
7f8f] xf]nf eg]/ nfluof xf] . u/Lk
blntsf efGhfefGhL xd\, ;fyL xd\
eg]/ lrKnf afn cg]{n] o;/L 9fF6\b}
lxF8\g ldNr < ldNr o;/L aSb}
lxF8\g < xF, ldNr < d}n] ldNr ls
ldNr eg]/ ;jfn lems]l; ltgf]?
clnstf kl5 x6] . s'/f] dTy/ ef]

xf]nf eG7fGof t, ;/, sfF sf] x'GYof] <

pxL s]6f] k]ml/ a'?Ss pk|m] / alDsg
yfnf] . tf] s] eg]/ aDSof] eg], ;/
8n/sf] uGb] 8sf/n] o;sf] a'l4
e'6\of 5 . o:tf] a'l4nfO{ nOgdf
Nofpg 7f]Sg kr{ vKk/fF 3g . To;
s]nfsf] tf] s'/f] ;'Gbf dnfO{ vlkg;Sg'
ef], ;/ . gfOF, gfOF d}n] xft rnfOgF .
d'vsf aftsf] hjfkm xftn] lbg 7Ls
5}g, ;/ . d'vnfO{ d'vn] xftnfO{
xftn] . xp/, d}n] To; s]6fnfO{ s]
eg] eGg] s'/f] < px/, d}n] tL hDd}nfO{
eg] ltdf]? d]/f g dfdf klsf, g
cfdf klsf . g hftsf, g gftfsf .
g lrg]sf, g aft df/]sf ltdf]?
dfcf]jfbL eGg] xf}+ ls, k'ln; xf} ls,
rf]/ xf} ls dnfO{ s] yfxf < concf]nL
d'vn] Ps yf]s xd\ eGg] d'G5] sfdn]
cs}{ yf]s x'Gr . g lrg]hfGofF, g
d}n] 8fSof, ltdf]? sfF hfGrf}+ eg]/
sfF cfsf xf} < xfDnfO{ eL/f6L
u'N6\of/ cfk"m 3fd kfL{df l5g]{ tdf]sf{
/fFs] 7]6g\ fx x]/L tnsf] lji6 ufddf
5g\ . ltdf]? pt} hfcf], uOxfn, d}n]
lg lt+bf]nf{O{ xf] o;/L ysf{PF, ;/ .
clg To;kl5 ;/, d]/f s'/fn] lt+bf]sf{
d'vfF a'hf] nfUof ;/x ef] . clg af6f]
dfq xf] egf] . d}n] xfDn] lg yf]/}yf]/}
ljrf/ cof rd\ eg]+ . clg tL lx+8] .
To:t} kRrL; kfOnf lx8]l; ;/, tf]
d;Fu hf]/L vf]Hg] s]6fn] k5fl8 kms]/{
d]/f] cg'xf/df lklnSs 6; aQL
afnf] . clg bfuf w]/]/ egf], xf];
ug" { , cfg} d' G 5] eg] / xfDn]
cfh;Ddg\===. 7Ls 5, afa' d}n] lg
elGbPF ;/, dnfO{ s]xL cbf{ ltd|f]
af6f] pl3|G5 eg] clxn] g} c/ .
-h"gls/Lsf] ;+uLtsf] k]h #$!#$^ af6_

k|x/L====

klg 36gfdf cf}krfl/s kdf ;"rgf

kfPsf] kfFr ldg]6leq k|x/L k'Ug]
Joj:yf ug]{ atfPsf 5g\ . k|x/Lsf
df]afOn uf8Lx ;xh kdf gk'Ug]
:yfgxdf df]6/;fOsn / ;fOsn
u:tL a9fOg] / cfjZos k/]sf
:yfgxdf ;Lcf/eL Eofg ylkg]
ePsf] 5 . pgn] ;a} k| x /L
sfof{noxdf hgtfnfO{{ ;xh x'gu] /L
Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ ug]{ k|lta4tf;d]t
JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . /fhwfgLsf lzlIft
gful/s;F u c;n Jojxf/ ug{
Go"gtd P;Pn;L pQL0f{ ePsf
k|x/LnfO{{ dfq} pkTosfdf v6fpg]
k" j { g LltnfO{ { s8fOsf kdf
sfof{Gjog ug{] pgn] atfPsf 5g\ .
ck/fw cg';Gwfg / lgoGq0fsf nflu
cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf oftfoft Joj:yf
ljefu, b" / ;~rf/ k| f lws/0f,
gu/kflnsfx, cy{dGqfno, k//fi6
dGqfno, ko{6g tyf gful/s pog
dGqfno Pj+ cGo sfof{noxdf klg
/xg] x'Fbf tL ;a}nfO{{ Pslqt u/L
8f6f a}+s :yfkgf ug{] nIo /x]sf]
/fgfn] atfP .
PcfO{hL /fgfn]
k|x/L Pj+ cfdgful/saf6 ;xL ;"rgf
;+sng u/L ljZn]if0f ub}{ cg';Gwfg
/ sf/afxL ;kmn agfOg] of]hgf;d]t
agfPsf] atfP . pgn] gful/snfO{{
cg'e"lt x'g] u/L u:tL, k]6f]ln /
lgu/fgL a9fOg], /fhwfgLsf ljleGg
If] q nfO{ { ;' / Iffsf b[ l i6n] clt
;+jb] gzLn, ;+jb] gzLn / ;fdfGodf
ljefhg u/L tbg';f/ k|x/L kl/rfng
ug{] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . cg';Gwfg
ug]{ j}1flgs ;|ft] ;fwg, 3'DtL Nofa,
ls6 aS;, Sofd] / fxsf] yk
Joj:yfsf ;fy} y'gj' f sf]7f, y'gj' fsf]
;fdfg /fVg] ns/ cflbsf] Joj:yfsf
nflu k|of; ul/g] atfP . pgn]
k|x/Lsf] cfGtl/s r'gf}tLxsf] klxnf]
;"rLdf kof{Kt hgzlStsf] sdL
atfPsf lyP . emG8} $% nfv
hgzlSt ePsf] pkTosfdf & ;o
#@ gful/sdfem Ps k|x/L k5{g\ .
cGt/f{li6o k|rngcg';f/ b'O{ ;o
gful/s a/fa/ Ps k|x/L kl/rfng
ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . cfo'St /fgfn] k|:t't
u/]sf] ljj/0fcg';f/ pkTosfdf
tTsfn @) xhf/ hgzlSt yk ug{k' g]{
b]lvG5 . pkTosfdf gf} xhf/eGbf sd
k|x/L kl/rflnt 5g\ . /fgfn] ;fwg
;| f ] t sf] sdL, ejg / hUufsf]
cefjnfO{{ t];f| ] / rf}yf] r'gf}tLsf kdf
/fv]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L k|x/LnfO{{ ;jf/L
;fwgsf] cefj tyf ePsf ;jf/L
dd{tdf sl7gfO, ljBdfg ;fwgnfO{{
kof{Kt OGwgsf] cefj / ;a} k|x/L
sd{rf/LnfO{{ k];fut tflndsf] cefj
/x]sf] ;d]t atfP .

/fatOfc t]u @@ gpf; nf; *^)@

OGb| e
e''iffn,
iffn, s'j]t
g]kfnL dlxnfxsf] dxfg\ kj{ xl/tflnsf tLh x/]s aif{h:t} km]l/ klg glhs}
cfOk'us
] f] 5 . ebf} dlxgfsf] !$ ut]sf] lbg km]l/ klg g]kfnL dlxnfxn] cfgf]
hLjgsf] Pp6f /dfOnf] kn agfpg cfh}af6 tfgfafgf a'Gb} 5g\ . x/]s rf8kj{df cf
cfg} laz]iftf 5g\ . tLhsf] /f}gs jt{dfg kl/j]zdf h]h;/L vx/] vf]nfsf] e]n h:t}
u/L dgfP klg Oltxf;sf] sfnv08df of] kj{sf] dxTj 58\lsP/ gfRg', eO{geO{
t8se8s b]vfpg' clg cfw'lgstfsf] tfnL lk6\b} clttsf knxnfO{{ la;{g' lyPg .
h'g cfhsf] g]kfnL r]nLxn] o;}nfO{{ tLh dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ . jif{ lbg;Dd klg cfk"mn]
hGd lnPsf] 7fpF, hGd lbg] dftflktf, afNosfnb]lv ;Fu} x'ls{Psf ;fyL;L clg
cfdfsf] xftn] ksfPsf] vfgf;Fu} b'Mv;'v clg ;dfhdf 36]sf 36gfxnfO{{ tLhsf]
efsfdf ;a} lbbLalxgL ldn]/ uLt ufpFb} /dfOnf] u/]/ tLh dgfpg] ul/GYof] . aif{
lbgdf dfOt cfpFbf, dfdf3/ hfFbf kfpg] dfof / ddtf clg ;Fus
} f ;fyLx;Fu
;fl6g] lhGbuLsf sxfgLx h;n] Pp6f cfTdLotf a9fpg] dfq xf]Og, ;Gtf]ifsf] ;f;
klg km]g]{ 7fpF b]lvGYof] . kfP dL7f] vfg g;s] dL7f]u/L vfpF eg] h:t} u/L xl/tflnsf
tLh x;f]N{ nf;sf ;fy dgfPsf] b]lvGYof] . uLt ufpg] efsf dfq xf]Og, uLtn] lbg]
;Gb]z klg TolQs} dfld{s x'Gy] . of] rf8 lbbLalxgLxsf] xf] eg]/ bfh'efO cyjf
k'?ifx dlxnfxsf] :yfgb]lv 6f9} /xg] t/ cfof]hgf ug]{ ;a} sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ug]{
sfd x'GYof] . nfUbYof] xl/tflnsf tLh kljq cfTdn] cfgf] dfG5]nfO{{ ;b}a ;'v xf];\
cyjf cfgf] x'gj] fnf ;a} u'0fn] el/Psf] xf];\ eg]/ lzjhLsf] j|t al;GYof] . t/ cfh
;a} g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf kljq kfgfx wldlnFb} uPsf 5g\ . O6fnL / :k]gnufot s]xL
d'ns
' df cfh klg k/Dk/ut tl/sfn] ;fF9n] fO{{ v'nf d}bfgdf 5f8]/ p;nfO{{ cfgf]
jzdf /fVg] r'gf}ltk"0f{ v]n v]lnG5 . h'g w]/} aif{ klxnf klg pxL tl/sfn] v]nfOGYof]
eg]/ ;'Gg] ul/G5 . ;+;f/sf w]/} b]zx cfgf] k/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltnfO{{ hu]gf{ ug{
nflu/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] Pp6f kf6f] xl/tflnsf tLh ljs[ltsf] ux|fF} ef/L
af]s/] cfpFb5} . 5f]/f dfG5]x lbbLalxgLxnfO{{ 7fpFg} glbsg gfRg sl:;g', gf/Lxn]
eOgeO{ cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf wgbf}ntsf] k|bz{gL g} ug],{ cfdfn] xftn] ksfPsf]
vfgf clg cfg} bfh'efOxn] agfPsf] s/];faf/Lsf] sfFqmf] gvfO C0f} vf]h/] eP klg
xf]6n / kf6L{ Kofn];df b/ vfg', lkknkft] cf]7nfO{{ eP e/sf] nufP/ afSnf] kfb}{ l;8L
/ Sof;]6sf] cfjfh;Fu} :j/ ldnfpFb} ufoh:tf] gf6s ug],{ dfof / lk/tLsf clg df]6L
/ kftnL, d]/f] nf]Ug] o:tf] / p:tf]nufot a"9Lcfdf / gfltgLx;Fu} a;]/ ;'Gg klg
cK7\of/f] nfUg] uLtxn] g]kfnL ;+:s[lt / xl/tflnsf tLhsf] dxTjnfO{{ cf]em]ndf
kf/]sf] dfq xf]Og la;ltsf] ef/L g} af]s/] cfPsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . olta]nf ahf/df
cfPsf] uLt 5 e]gfh'nfO{{ ;fnLn] d b'O{ lhpsL 5' o:tf] / p:tf]== of] klg s'g} ;Eo
;dfhsf] nflu z'e;+st] xf] < s]xL ;fn klxn] u'~hg] tLhsf uLtx cfh kgL plQs}
s0f{lk|o 5g\ h;n] cfdg]kfnL gf/Lxsf] j]bgfnfO{{ Psd'i7 kdf ;Daf]wg u/]sf
5g\ . t/ cfh dfof / lk/tL, la5f]8 / ldng, af]Sg] / Nofpg] clg l;Wofpg]afx]s s'g}
;Gb]z uLtxn] lbPsf] plt;f/f] kfOFbg} . cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf cfgf] /Lltl/jfh,
wd{dd{ cgL cg'zfl;t k/Dk/fnfO{{ s'NrFb} uP g]kfnL / g]kfnsf] cl:tTj stf hfnf <
cfzf u/f},F g]kfnL dlxnf lbbLalxgLx dfq xf]Og k'?if ju{ klg g]kfnL /xg;xg,
/Lltl/jfh clg ;+:s[ltnfO{{ hu]gf{ ug{ u/fpg] / ljs[ltsf cfFwLxnfO{{ aLrd} /f]Sg]
k|of;df cufl8 a9\g5
] f}F .
;f csf]{ b]zdf uP/ qmflGtsf] lau'n
k'mSg] r]Uj]e/fxsf] cfjZostfsf] af]w
hahsf] e"tn] g]kfnL /fi6jfbLxnfO{ ePsf] 5 . ;fob olta] n f of]
;w}F ;z+lst / ql;t agfPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] hudf 6]s/] jf o;sf]
xfdLn] s] ;w}eF l/ elg/xg'kg]{ xf] h'g lg/Gt/tfkl5 Pp6f lg0ff{ o s
hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf clg qmdedf csf]{ b]zdf uP/ qmflGtsf]
xfQLsf] b]vfpg] bfFt / rkfpg] bfFt lau' n k' m Sg] r] U j] e ] / fxsf]
km/skm/s x'G5g\ .
cfjZostfsf] af]w ePsf] 5 . ;fob
lxhf] a'hj{' f ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf olta]nf of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] hudf 6]s/]
;f+ ; bxsf] vl/blaqmL eof] . jf o;sf] lg/Gt/tfkl5 Pp6f lg0ff{os
;f+;bxnfO{ xs, a}s
+ s / l;+ufk'/ qmdesf] tof/L ug'{kg]{ ;dosf]
nu]/ ax'dt ;flat ug]{ k|of; ul/of] . P]ltxfl;s dfu 5 . ;dosf] of]
/fHosf]ifdf efujG8f ul/of] . afFl8r'8F L dfunfO{ kf6L{ / g]tT[ jn] a'g' ;Sg] jf
e|i6frf/ ug],{ a|Dxn'6 ug]{ clg ;a}nfO{ g;Sg] < oxLFlg/ ;+ljwfg;ef / ah'j{ f
pGd'lQm lbg] Pp6f Pp6f SofG;/eGbf ;+;bLo k|jl[ QaLr 6s/fj eO/x]sf]
klg vt/gfs /f]usf] ;'?jft eof] . 5 . s;n] lhTg] / s;n] xfg]{ x]g{
7Ls clxn] klg To:t} xfnt bf]xf]l/Psf] afFsL g} 5 .
bishnupantha010@gmail.com
5 . a"9L d/LeGbf klg sfn kNSof]
eGg] lrGtf ;j{q 5fPsf] 5 . km]l/ klg
g]tfxsf] hLjg Jojxf/df cfTd;dk{0f
/ u2f/Lsf] nIf0fx gb]lvpmg\ eg]/ k|fyldstf lbg kf6L{n] lgb]{zg
lrGtf ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf gcfcf];\ eGg] lbPsf] 5 . dGqL hfGg}kg]{ dxTjk"0f{
ljgd| cfu|x 5 . ;fob ;+ljwfg;ef / sfo{qmdafx]s ljb]z e|d0fdf ghfg
bnsf g]tfx olta]nf k|wfgdGqLsf] elgPsf] 5 . dGqLsf] k|of]usf nflu
jl/k/L s'lb/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L pgLx lbOPsf] uf8L kl/jf/ jf cGo JolQmn]
s'lb/x]sf 5g\ dfgf},F k|wfgdGqLsf] k|of]u gug],{ dxTjk"0f{afx]s pb\3f6g,
jl/k/L 3'Dg] pku|xx h:t} u/L c? lznfGof;, k'/:sf/ ljt/0fh:tf
bnxn] klg /fd|f;
] uF } v]Ng] df}sf sfo{ q mddf ;do glbg ;ts{
kfO/x]sf 5g\ . kf6L{n] cWoIf k|r08nfO{ u/fPsf] 5 . ;a} dGqLn] dGqfnosf
kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqLsf] pDd]bjf/ sfdaf/] ;ef;b\;uF cGt/lqmof ug]{
agfpFbf pgLxn] afa'/fd e/fO{nfO{ elgPsf] 5 . kmf]g, P;PdP;, Od]n
prfn]/ clxn] km]l/ kf6L{n] 8f= afa'/fd / ;'emfj k]6Ldfkm{t\ ;+sng ug{
e/fO{nfO{ pDd]bjf/ tf]ls;s]kl5 ;+lxtfdf pNn]v 5 .
pgLxn] k|r08nfO{ prfn]sf 5g\ .
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ g} k|lti7fsf] ljifo kmfFSg] u/]sf] hfgsf/xn] atfPsf
agfpg] jf cem} egf}F hLjgd/0fsf] 5g\ . cfgf]nfO{ nfQL df/]/ k/fOnfO{
ljifo agfpg] Pp6f lgsf] gx'g] /f]u g} sfvL RofKg] k| r 08sf] kl5Nnf]
nfUof], g]tfxnfO{ . d/]kl5 slt sfo{zn
} Lsf] hlt g} cfnf]rgf u/] klg
tf]ksf] ;nfdL vfg] /x/n] g]tfxnfO{ sd x'g] dfcf]jfbLsf Ps g]tfn]
5f]8g] . sDtLdf ef/taf6} ;f]lgof atfPsf 5g\ . kf6L{ d f cfufdL
ufGwLs} hlt dfq klg e"ldsf lgefpg k|wfgdGqLsf] pDd]bjf/ e/fO{nfO{
g;Sg] s~h'; g]tf ag] .
3f] i f0ff ug] { egL ;fF l Rrs}
;+ljwfg;ef hlGdFbb} l] v k|wfgdGqL k|wfgdGqLrflxF sfFu|];sf b]pjfnfO{
/ dGqLsf nflu dl/xQ} ub}d{ f hfg] agfpg] /0fgLltdf nfu]sf k|r08sf]
eof] . g t o;n] n]lgg g} hGdfpg kf6L[leq;d]t rsf]{ cfnf]rgf x'g
;Sg] eof] g t dfcf] g} . xf] oxL yfn] s f] 5 . ;+ z f] w gjfbL /
;+ljwfg;efn] ls/0fnfO{ klg hGdfof] cj;/jfbLsf] ;/;Nnfxdf kf6L{nfO{
t/ arfpg ;s]g . k|wfgdGqL, dGqL cufl8 a9fpg vf] H bf kf6L{ l eq
jf s]xL JolQmut nfesf kb grflxg] k|r08sf] rsf]{ cfnf]rgf x'g yfn]sf]
vfnL qmflGt eP k'Ug] dxfgtfsf] dfcf]jfbL g]tfxn] atfPsf 5g\ .
k'g/fj[lQ jf ljsf; x'g' h?/L 5 . pgLxn] cWoIfnfO{ kf6L{ lg0f{o
cfgf] b] z df qmflGt ;DkGg b[9tfsf ;fy sfof{Gjogdf nfUg;d]t
ul/;s]kl5 ToxfFsf] ;Qfdf /fh ug's
{ f] cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

;+ljwfg;ef===

dfcf]jfbL dGqLnfO{===

dfcf]jfbL===

tLhsf] ;f+:s[lts kf6f] / lelqPsf] ljs[lt

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

zflGt, ;+ljwfg / k|tfl8tju{

cfh g]kfnL /fhg}lts /d~rdf

zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] dGq hKb} cfgf] bfn,
/f]6L vfg]xsf] df; klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
dGq dfq hKg] Jojxfl/skdf xf]ldg
nfu]sf] cfk"mnfO{ 7fGg]x klg a9]sf 5g\
Sof/] . d otflt/ hfg rfxFlbg . a? b]z
juL{o ;+3if{sf] cfFwLa]x/Lsf] z[v
+ nfaf6
b]zdf /fhg}ls pynk'yn ePsf] s'/f ca
pRrf/0f ug{ g;Sg]x klg :jLsfg{ afWo
5g\ . emg\ sl/a @$) jif]{ /fhtGqsf]
cGTo;F u } u0ftGq 3f] i f0ffn] ljZj
hgdt;d]t hgo'4 cf8df @)^@^#
sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pkh :jLsf/ ul/Psf]
5 . Tof] !) jif]{ hgo'4sf] cfFwLa]x/L;Fu}
oL dfly pNn]lvt /fhg}lts pynk'yn
NofPsf] g]tT[ jstf{ kf6L{ PsLs[t g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ cfgf] sfo{gl} ts
af6f]df km]/abn u/L zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]
gf/f cufl8 a9\g yfn]kl5 o;af6
k|tfl8tju{ klg a9\bf] :yfg cf]u6]sf] 5g\ .
o; ljifodf 5f]6f] rrf{ ug{] hdsf]{ ub}5
{ '.
ha dfcf]jfbLsf] sfo{gLltdf abnfj;Fu}
!@ a'bF ] ;Demf}tf u/of], u|fdL0f If]qsf *)
k|ltzt e"efudf /x]sf gofF hgjfbL ;Qf
e|0' fx cEof;/t lyP / ufh; ansf]
;a} h;f] k|ltlglw :yfgLo hg:t/af6 g}
lyP . ha !@ a'bF ] ;Demf}tf;Fu} tL ;Qf
cjz]ifaf/]df h'gh:tf ;Demf}tf eP klg
cflv/df e ul/of] . To;f] ubf{ hg:t/sf]
w] / } 7" n f] hgk| l tlglw df; cfgf]
ceLi6tfaf6 k|tfl8t eof] . xfdL lxhf]
lbgsf ;Qf;DaGwL h'g ceLi6tf k"/fsf
sNkgf cfzfsf TofGb|fx] cfdkdf
afF8s
] f] lyof], tL ;a} xfn;Dd k"/f ug]{
5gs gb]vfPkl5 cfdhgdf;sf 7"nf
df; k|tfl8t ePsf] s'/f cfh l5kfpg
;lsPsf] 5}g . Tolt dfq xf]Og, a[xt\
zflGt;Demf}tf ul/of], To; s]xL s'/fsf]
lahf/f]k0f :ki6kdf uof] . klxnf] ;/sf/L
;]gf / dfcf]jfbL b'j} ;dfg cl:tTj lyof] .
To;nfO{ w]/} b]vfpg h'g Wo]o lnP/ sDd/
s;]/ nluof], Tof] b]zsf] cfjZostf lyPg,
h;n] y]Ug} g;Sg] u/L ;}Go pTkfbg
ofS6Lsf] kdf cufl8 cfof] . h;n] ubf{
xltof/ dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; eof] / b]zsf]

v'daxfb'/ jnL bLk]z

cfjZostf / ;}Go zlQmsf] dxTjnfO{

;dfof]hg jf ev{/} eLif0f Gsf] rk]6fn]
pAhfPsf] 3fpnfO{ plrt ;Daf]wg ug{
;lsPg . h;n] ubf{ hgo'4n] km}nfPsf]
r]tgf:t/df j[l4sf ;fy} b]z emg\ kl5
ul/aLsf] vf8n k'g{ s'g} tl/sfn] ;Daf]wg
ug{ g;Sg'n] b]zsf] s'gfsfKrfdf ljb|fx] L
dfgl;stf lkmhfPsf] ljifo xfdLn] s;}n]
l5kfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . Tolt dfq xf]Og,
cGt/f{li6o:t/df cgldg nufPsf ljb]zL
zlQm s]Gb|xnfO{ leq\ofP/ b]zsf] s"6g}lts
uf]Ko ljifo afFsL /x]g . h;n] ubf{ s"6g}lts
;'/Iffdf uDeL/ lrGtf pAhfPsf] ;fFrf] xf] .
csf]{ s'/f dfcf]jfbL SofDkdf k'gd"N{ of+sgsf]
ljlw ckgfOof] / sl/a !@ xhf/ o'jf
hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ cIfd egL aflx/
lgsflnof], h;n] ubf{ Psflt/ b]z ;}Go
dfgl;stf u|fdL0f pTkflbt If]qdf
lkmhfOof] . Tof] zlQm s]xL ;do w}ot{ fsf
;fy /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/, Tof] w}ot{ fsf] afFw
6'6g\ ] r/0fdf cfOk'Ug nfUb}5 . To;n] ubf{
Tof] k|tfl8t zlQmdf Tof} w}ot{ fsf] afFw 6'6d] f
d'Vo b'O{ lsl;dsf 36gf pAhfpg] lglZrt
5 . klxnf] uDeL/ vt/f xfd|f] b]z ljb]zL
qmL8f:ynsf] kdf b]lvPsf] 5 . Tof]
qmL8f:yn agfpg Tof] hgzlQm ;Qfsf]
lj?4 pAhfOPsf cft+ssf/L zlQmsf] kdf
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] lglZrt 5 . bf];f| ] eg]sf]
Tof] ;}Go If]qdf bIf hgzlQmn] ;+ul7t

ljb|fx] sf] z+v3f]if ug{ ;Sg] klg x'g ;S5 .

oBlk tL ljb|fx] sf kx cg]s vfnsf
x'g ;S5g\ . To;df ufF;, afF;, :j:Yo,
lzIff ;fy} cfgf bIftf k|of]u ug{ klg
x'g5] . Ps la/fnf]nfO{ sf]7f y'g/] dfg{ vf]Hbf
clGtd cj:yf;Dd lg:sg] 7fpF vf]Hb5,
olb 7fpF kfPg eg] dfg{ vf]Hg]nfO{ ;d]t
emD6G5 . To:t} aQLsf] k'tnLem}F lsg gxf];\
o; vfnsf b'36{ gfdf Tof] bIf hgzlQm
hf]l8Pkl5sf] vt/fsf] sfnf] afbn d8fl/Psf]
lglZrtkdf 5 . To; vfnsf b'36{ gfn]
pAhfPdf To;af6 k|tfl8t eO/x]sf] tyf
x'g ;Sg] ju{sf] r'lnnfO{ ;fdfGos[t ug{
;lsGg . To:t} u|fdL0f e"efudf hg;Qf
;fy} kf6L{sf ;~hfnx ;~rfng u/L
lqmofzLn 7"nf] Sof8/ ljb|fx] L kf6L{ s]Gb|
sf7df8f}F s]lGb|t ePkl5 u|fdL0f If]qsf] Tof]
7"nf] kf6L{ Sof8/ u|fdL0f If]qaf6 lj:yflkt
eP/ ;x/ s]lGb|t ePkl5 Tof] klxnf
rxnkxn :jtM sd eof] . cem t sltko
If]q vfnL k|foM eP . h;n] ubf{ ;Qf
l/Qmtfsf ;fy} kf6L{ l/Qmtf;d]tsf] dx;';n]
lxhf]sf cfzfltt ljifox cf]em]n k/]sf
5g\ . To;n] ubf{ ToxfF u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf]
7"nf] cf:yfjfg\ hgzlQm k|tfl8t ePsf]
5 . To;n] ubf{ s'07f, ;+sL0f{tf, knfogtfsf]
7"nf kxf8 v8f ePsf] 5 . 36gfqmdsf
ljsf;;Fu} ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjdf
cfOk'UgeGbf cufl8 ljb|fx] af6 cfPsf] 7"nf]
kf6L{ p;n] u/]sf] Tofu, tk:ofaf6 cfPsf]
kf6L{ cfdhgdfg;df cGo bn k/LIf0fsf
cg]s z[v
+ nf u'hfl/;s]sf] kl/l:yltsf ;fy}
;+ljwfg;efsf] hGdbftf ePsf] gftfn]
7"nf] cfzosf kdf cufl8 cfPsfn]
klg 7"nf] ljZjf;sf ;fy 7"nf] kf6L{sf]
kdf pEofOlbPsf] xf] . Tof] cf:yfjfg\
hgdfg; Tof] cfzfsf w}ot{ f nfdf] ;do
gl6Sbf h'g hf]uL cfP klg sfg} lr/]sf]
eGg] pvfg rl/tfy{sf] kdf a'bf 7"nf
zlQm k|tfl8t eof] .
To;kl5 sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ PsLs[t ug]{
ljifodf 7"nf] ;+ul7t c;+ul7t u|k' Pstf
ubf{ ;+;bLo /fhgLlt dflx/ hgzlQm

oxfFleq k:bf csf]l{ t/ ljb|fx] af6 cfPsf]

hgzlQmnfO{ 3/ ;f\nfnfO{ jg ;f\nfn]
lj:yflkt u5{ eg]em}F eof] . cGttM unt
k|jl[ Qn] k|jz
] uof] . Psflt/ ;+;bLo
/fhgLltsf] kmf]xf]/L v]n kbk|lti7f k};fsf]
df]xn] k|jz
] uof] . Odfgbfl/tfsf] ;Ldfltt
Sof8/ k5fl8 k/]sf] 5 . t;y{ klg 7"nf]
cfGbf]ng ljb|fx] af6 cfPsf hgzlQm g t
a'jfafh]em}F u/L 3/u[x:yL kms{g ;Sg] eof]
g t klxnf ceLi6ftf k"/f ug{ cfgf] s'g}
7fpF b]vs
] f] 5 . g ul/vfg ;Sg], g t
dl/hfg ;Sg] l:yltdf k'Uof] . h;n] Tof]
7"nf] k|tfl8t hgzlQm cfh t:s/, 7u,
u'08fubL{df nfUg k|l] /t eO/x]sf] em}F ePsf]
5 . emg\ uDeL/kdf a'bf ;lxb, a]kQf,
3fOt]xsf] /utnfO{ cy{df a]lrFb5
} rfx]
Tof] /fxtsf] gfd xf];\ rfx] s'g} Kofs]hsf]
kdf xf];\ . Tof] qmflGtsf/L dfgl;stf
e'Q] agfOFb5
} , h;n] ubf{ 7"nf] alnbfgL
hgzlQm;d]t k|tfl8t kL8f vf]lk/x]sf] 5 .
t;y{ cGTodf oL ;a} ljifodf cWoog tyf
;Daf]wg ul/g' cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 .
gqeg] cGt/f{li6o :t/df ;~rflnt G
Joj:yfkg ljlw h'g ;fd|fHojfbL d'ns
' xn]
ckgfO/x]sf To;sf] csf]{ k klg cfpg
;S5 cyjf egf}F Gsf] of] cj:yfdf ljb|fx] L
zlQmnfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg] / cfdhgtfsf]
cfzf, ceLi6 t t'xfOlbg] / g]kfnnfO{
ztfAbLof};F Dd qmL8f:ynsf kdf cl:dtf
n'l6/fVg] ljlw k|of]u ug{ ;S5g\ ;r]t x'g]
ls < cem uDeL/ ljifo t h;/L
k|fs[ltskdf u+u6fn] aRrf lg:s]kl5 cfg}
cfdf vfP/ l;WofP/ dfq cfk"mnfO{ :yflkt
ug{ ;S5g\ . To:t}em}F PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL
hGdfPsf ;a} cjx]jxn] vfP/ l;Wofpg]
x'G5 ls . lj1fgsf] lgod klg s] x'G5 eg]
s'g} tTj jf j:t' l;l4G5 eg] To;sf] d'Vo
sf/0f cfGtl/s g} x'G5, afXo sf/0f ;xfos
g} x'G5 . Tof] lgolt g]kfnL e"lddf a]xf]gk{ ' g]{
xf] ls ;Dk"0f{ kdf ;r]t x'g ;do eO;s]sf]
5 . g ls nugkl5sf] kf]te] m}F gxf];\ x} . t;y{
klg Tof] zflGt, ;+ljwfgsf] sfo{gLltaf6 cufl8
a9\b} hfFbf Tof] r'lnFb} uPsf 7"nf k|tfl8t
ju{nfO{ ;dodf ;Daf]wg ul/g h?/L
eO;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL ldl8ofdf n}+lus ;+j]bgzLntf

;+VofTds b[li6n] g]kfndf ldl8ofsf]
ljsf; r/df]Tsif{df k'us
] f] 5 . hgtfsf]
;"rgfsf] xsnfO{{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;jfndf g]kfn
;/sf/n] ldl8ofsf] nfO;]G;af6 pbf/jfb
k|bz{g ul//x]sf] 5 . kl/0ffd:jk
;+VofTdskdf g]kfnL ahf/n] wfGg} g;Sg]
u/L ;~rf/dfWodsf] cfudg eO/x]sf] 5 .
;+VofTdskn] g]kfnL ldl8of ljsf;sf]
pTsif{ d f k' u ] s f] h:tf] b] l vP klg
Joj;flostfsf b[li6sf]0fn] Psfafx]s
clwsf+z cfd;~rf/ dfWodx ckl/kSj
cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf 5g\ . of] ckl/kSjtfsf]
hu ;~rf/sdL{n] cfgf] k];fnfO{{ x]g{]
b[li6sf]0fdf ePsf] sdhf]/L / ljifoj:t'nfO{{
u|x0f tyf k|:t't ug]{ ;Gbe{df b]lvg]
c;+jz
] gzLntf g} xf] . k|ltlglwTj jf
ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt b'j} kIfdf Gofo kfpg
g;ls/x]sf] n+l} us ;+jb] gfsf] d'2f g]kfnL
ldl8ofsf] Joj;flostfnfO{{ r'gf}tL lbg]
dxTjk"0f{ d'2f xf] . oBlk, g]kfnL ldl8ofnfO{{
Joj;flostfsf] s;Ldf hf]v/] x]g{ ] c? tdfd
d'2fx gePsf xf]Ogg\ . ldl8of /
n}l+ ustfsf] ;jfnaf/] rrf{ ubf{ kl5Nnf]
;dodf ljz]ifu/L b'O{j6f ljifox
Jofkskdf p7\g] u/]sf 5g\ . klxnf]
ldl8ofdf dlxnf k'?ifsf] k|ltlglwTjsf]
t'ngfTds cj:yf / bf];f| ] dlxnfnfO{{
ldl8ofdf k|:t't ug{] k|jl[ Q . oL b'j} ljifo
clxn] ljZjJofkL ax;df 5g\ lsgeg]
ldl8ofleq c;dfg k|ltlglwTj s'g} Ps
b]z jf dxfLk ljz]ifsf] ;d:of xf]Og .
xfdLn] ljsl;t dfGb} cfPsf sltko
klZrdf d'n'sxdf ;d]t oL d'2f
hf]8bf/kdf p7\b} cfPsf 5g\ . Go"h?ddf
dlxnf k|ltlglwTjaf/] xfn} jfl;6gl:yt
OG6/g]zgn ljd]G; kmfpG8];gn] u/]sf]
;j]I{ f0faf/] aLaL;Ln] n]vs
] f] ;dfrf/cg';f/
ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ cvaf/, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgdf
^% k|ltzt /f]huf/L k'?iff/f cf]ul8Psf] 5
eg] af"sL #% k|ltzt dlxnff/f . s'n %
;o @@ ;dfrf/ ;+:yfsf ! nfv &) xhf/
hgfdf ul/Psf] ;j]I{ f0fn] dlxnfxsf]
k|ltlglwTj o'/f]kdf ;a}eGbf /fd|f] / Pl;ofdf
;a}eGbf c;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf]
5 . k"jL{ o'/f]k, a'Nu]l/of, P:6f]lgof, x]/L,
lny'cflgof, kf]Nof08, /f]dflgof, ?; /
o'qm]gsf *% Go"h?ddf n}l+ us ;dfgtf
;a}eGbf /fd|f] /x]sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
k|mfG;, hd{gL, :k]g / o'ss
] f $& Go"h?ddf
sfd ug{] dlxnfx k'?if;/x h'lgo/

lj1fg zdf{

k|fk] m];gn sf] of+sdf /x]sf ;+jfbbftf, n]vs,

pk;Dkfbs, lgdf{tf, k|:t'tstf{nufotsf
kbxdf lqmofzLn /x]sf] ;f] ;j]I{ f0fsf]
lgisif{ . t/, jl/i7 txdf dlxnfxnfO{{
Unf; l;ln ul/Psf] lgisif{ klg ;f]
;j]I{ f0fn] u/]sf] 5 . Joj:yfkgsf] t];f| ] tyf
pRr Joj:yfkgsf] rf}yf] tx;Dd dlxnfx
;Lldt ePsf] of] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
ljsl;t k|hftflGqs d'ns
' cd]l/sfdf ;d]t
dlxnfxsf] sd k|ltlglwTj cyf{t\ cG8/
l/lk|hG] 6];g ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;j]I{ f0f ul/Psf
!$ Go"h?ddf $! k|ltzt dlxnfx lyP,
hxf"sf pRr Joj:yfkgsf kbxdf @#=#
k|ltzt dlxnfx lqmofzLn lyP . of] t
eof] o'/f]k / cd]l/sL Go"h?dsf] cj:yf .
Pl;ofdf eg] Go"h?ddf dlxnf k|ltlglwTjsf]
cj:yf emg} uDeL/ eP/ cfp"5 . Pl;of /
k|zfGtLo If]qsf c:6l] nof, a+unfb]z, rLg,
lkmhL, ef/t, hfkfg, Go'lhNof08, kfls:tfg,
lkmlnlkG; / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf dlxnfxsf]
;a}eGbf sd k|ltlglwTj ePsf] kfOPsf]
5 . ckm;f]r s] 5 eg] ljsf;sf] tLj|
ultdf nlDs/x] s f] hfkfgsf cf7
Go"h?ddWo] Pp6f Go"h?ddf dlxnff/f
g]tT[ j ul/Psf] ;j]I{ f0fsf qmddf yfxf nfu]sf]
lyof] . g]kfnsf] k|jl[ Q Pl;ofsf clwsf+z
b]zxsf] eGbf lgtfGt leGg 5}g . g]kfnL
;~rf/dfWodsf] a9\bf] ;+Vof;"u} dlxnf
k|ltlglwTjsf] cj:yfdf ;Gtf]if ug]{ 7fp"
g/x] klg ;~rf/dfWodsf] a9\bf] ;+Vof;"u}
dlxnf lqmofzLntf a9]sf] b]lvG5, oBlk
g] k fnL ;~rf/dfWoddf dlxnfsf]
k|ltlglwTjsf] cWoogsf af/]df ul/Psf
tfhf ;j]I{ f0fx 5}gg\ . @)%$ ;fndf
;/sf/ lgolGqt /]l8of] g]kfn, g]kfn
6]lnlehg, /fli6o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt /
uf]/vfkq b}lgsdf ul/Psf] cWoogcg';f/
!@=!( k| l tzt dlxnfx tL
;~rf/dfWoddf lqmofzLn lyP . kl5Nnf]
;dodf a9]sf lghL ;~rf/ dfWodxdf
b]lvPsf] pkl:yltn] g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWoddf
dlxnf k|ltlglwTjsf] c"Wof/f kIf dfq 5}gg,
pHofnf kIf klg 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;+st]
eg] kSs} u/]sf] 5 . ;~rfl/sf ;d"xn] @)^@
;fndf ;~rf/dfWodxdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
! ;o *) hgf dlxnfdf u/]sf] Ps ;j]I{ f0fn]
#^=( k|ltzt dlxnfx l/kf]6,{ @! k|ltzt
sfo{qmd ;~rfns, lgdf{tf, !#=$ k|ltzt

;Dkfbs, ;x;Dkfbs / af"sL cGo ljleGg

kbxdf lqmofzLn /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . gLlt
lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Dkfbssf] txdf dlxnfxsf]
lemgf] pkl:yltn] dlxnfx Tof] txdf lsg
hfg ;s]gg\ eGg] ljZn]if0fsf] ljGb'df
k'ofOlbG5 . o;df Ps kIfn] dlxnfxsf]
Ifdtfdf k|ZglrGx p7fp"5 eg] csf]{ kIfn]
dlxnfnfO{{ Tof] :yfgdf hfg glbg] afwsxsf]
rrf{ u5{ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] xsdf
dlxnfxnfO{{ ljZjf; gul/g' / pgLxnfO{{
cg'sn
" x'g] jftfj/0f k/:kfl/s tyf
;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf] txaf6 l;h{gf gul/g'
g} gLltut txdf dlxnfsf] sdhf]/
pkl:yltsf] sf/0f xf] eGg ;lsG5 . n+l} ustf
/ ldl8ofsf ;Gbe{df af/Daf/ p7\g] csf]{
kIf eg]sf] ldl8ofdf dlxnfnfO{{ b]vfOg]
e"ldsfdf s]lGb|t 5 . cfh;Dd ldl8ofdf
h;/L dlxnfnfO{{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5, Tof]
k|jl[ Q c;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] hudf plePsf]
5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{{ :jLsf/ ul/Fb} cfPsf]
5 . To;f] t rfx] 5fkf dfWod xf];\ rfx]
ljB'tLo dfWdddf xf];,\ o'/f]k / cd]l/sfdf
klg dlxnf k|ltlglwTj ;Gt'lnt 5}gg\ .
dlxnfnfO{{ ldl8ofdf k|:t't ul/g] e"ldsfsf
;Gbe{df eg] Pl;ofnL d'ns
' eGbf s]xL
km/flsnf h:tf] b]lvP klg lj/f]wfefif s]
klg 5 eg] ltg} b]zxdf dlxnfxnfO{{
s'g} g s'g} sf]0faf6 of}g;"u hf]8/] k|/\ :t't
ug]{ k|jl[ Q klg Jofks 5 . PlzofnL d'ns
' ,
To;df klg ef/t / g] k fndf t
dlxnfxnfO{{ k|:t't ul/g] e"ldsf Hofb}
gsf/fTds / k/Dk/fut b]lvG5 . dlxnfnfO{{
n'uf w'g,] vfgf ksfpg] cflb e"ldsfdf
k|:t't ul/g' / df]6/;fOsn, sf/b]lv ;nfO{,{
;fa'g / d;nfsf] lj1fkg;Dd pgLxnfO{{
k|:t't ul/g] e"ldsfdf gof" k/Dk/fsf] yfngL
x'g g;Sg' b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . h:t}
Po/nfOG;sf] lj1fkgdf kl/rfl/sfdf ;'Gb/
o'jtL b]vfOg' t/ kfOn6sf] e"ldsfdf
gb]vfOg', df]6/;fOsn tyf sf/xsf]
lj1fkgdf k'?ifn] sf/ xf"ss
] f] b[Zoaf6
o'jtL dGqd'Uw ePsf] b]vfOg' ldl8ofsf]
oyfl:yltjfbL k|jl[ Q xf] . o:tf lj1fkg
agfOg'df lj1fkg sDkgLxsf] gfkmfd"ns
p2]Zon] sfd u/]sf] xf]nf . Tof] ts{sf]
csf]{ kf6f] eof] t/ of] ljifo lj1fkgbftfsf]
PSnf] ljifo xf]Og, ;du| ldl8ofsf]
;dLIffsf] ljifo klg xf] . kqklqsfxdf

dlxnfxsf] cw{gUg tl:j/nfO{{ dxTj

lbg', rnlrqdf dlxnfxnfO{{ k'?if
dgf]/~hgsf] kfq agfOg', ;xgzLn cfbz{
gf/Lsf] kdf k|:t't ul/g'h:tf k|jl[ Q /
;dfrf/ tyf n]vxdf n+l} us ;+jb] gfsf]
ljifonfO{{ Vofn gul/sg k|:t't ul/g] zAb
tyf pvfg 6'Ssfxsf] k|of]u n+l} us
;+j]bgzLntfsf] rrf{ ubf{ p7\g] yk
ljifox x'g,\ h;af/] g]kfnL ldl8ofx
;+jb] gzLn b]lvFbg} g\ . ldl8ofdf dlxnfsf]
k|ltlglwTj / ldl8ofdf dlxnfnfO{{ k|:t't
ug{] k|jl[ Q g} clxn] ldl8of / n+l} ustfsf]
;jfndf p7\g] uDeL/ k|Zg ag]sf 5g\ .
ldl8ofn] ;dfhdf ulx/f] k|efj kfg{ /
cfdhgtfsf] ljrf/ lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf v]Ng] x'b" f n+l} us ;+jb] gzLntfsf
d'2fdf ha;Dd ldl8of g} uDeL/ x'b" g}
ta;Dd kl/jt{g 6f9f x'G5 eGg] dfGotf
:yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . oxL lgisif{nfO{
cfTd;ft ub}{ rLgsf] /fhwfgL a]Olhdf
!((% df ePsf] rf}yf] ljZj dlxnf
;Dd]ngn] ldl8of / dlxnfsf] d'2fnfO{{
5'} zLif{sdf /fvL sfo{gLlt to u/]sf] lyof]
h;df ldl8of / ;~rf/sf gof" k|ljlwsf]
k|of]uf/f dlxnfxsf] cleJolSt /
lg0f{oxdf kx'r
" tyf ;xeflutf a9fpg
/ ldl8ofxdf dlxnfsf] ;Gt'lnt /
ck/Dk/fut e"ldsfnfO{{ k|j4{g ug{] /0fgLlt
lnOPsf] lyof] . ldl8ofxdf dlxnfsf]
pkl:ylt sd /x]sf] 5 eg] dlxnfxnfO{{
k|:t't ug]{ k|jl[ Q klg k/Dk/fut /x"b} cfPsf]
5 . olt x'b" fx'b" } klg n+l} ustfnfO{{ x]g{]
b[li6sf]0fsf k5fl8 xfd|f] k'/fg} kl/j]z, k'/fg}
dfGotf / k'/fg} dgf]lj1fgn] sfd ul//x]sf]
x'b" f b'a} d'2fsf] b|t" ;dfwfg hl6n 5 .
kl/jt{ g nfO{ { cfTd;ft ug{ rfxg]
dfgl;stf Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/
k/Dk/fut cxd\n] g} sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .
To;}n] g]kfnL ldl8ofdf n+l} us ;dfgtfsf]
d'2f ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5
eGbf km/s gknf{ . rfx] kqsf/, sfo{qmd
k|:tf]tf jf lj1fkg lgdf{tf g} lsg gx'g,\
n}l+ us ;+jb] gzLntfsf] s'/f p;sf] g}ltstfdf
lge{/ /xg] s'/f xf] . ldl8of xfp;xdf
of] d'2fnfO{{ xNsf 9n] lng] / o;sf] k|efjsf]
cf"sng ug{] g;Sg] ;d:of ljBdfg 5 .
ldl8ofnfO{{ n}l+ uskdf ;+jb] gzLn agfpg
Jofj;flos 1fg, k];fnfO{{ kl/efiff ug]{
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