FATIMA JINNAH (URDU:

; JULY 31, 1893 { JULY 9, 1967) WAS THE

YOUNGER SISTER OF MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH, THE FOUNDER OF PAKISTAN AND AN ACTIVE POLITICAL FIGURE IN THE MOVEMENT FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM THE BRITISH RAJ. SHE IS COMMONLY KNOWN IN PAKISTAN AS KH T N-E P KIST N (URDU: { "LADY OF PAKISTAN") AND M DER-E MILLAT ("MOTHER OF THE NATION."). AFTER THE FORMATION OF PAKISTAN AND THE DEATH OF HER BROTHER, SHE REMAINED AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF THE NATION'S POLITICS. SHE CONTINUED TO WORK FOR THE WELFARE OF THE PAKISTANI PEOPLE UNTIL SHE DIED IN KARACHI ON JULY 9, 1967. "MY SISTER WAS LIKE A BRIGHT RAY OF LIGHT AND HOPE WHENEVER I CAME BACK HOME AND MET HER. ANXIETIES WOULD HAVE BEEN MUCH GREATER AND MY HEALTH MUCH WORSE, BUT FOR THE RESTRAINT IMPOSED BY HER".

BENAZIR BHUTTO (SINDHI: [BE N ZI R B

; URDU:

, PRONOUNCED

O ]; 21 JUNE 1953 27 DECEMBER 2007) WAS A

PAKISTAN-BORN POLITICIAN, WITH PAKISTANI AND KURDISH-IRANIAN ORIGIN, WHO CHAIRED THE PAKISTAN PEOPLES PARTY (PPP), A CENTRE-LEFT AND THE LARGEST POLITICAL PARTY IN PAKISTAN. BHUTTO WAS THE FIRST WOMAN ELECTED TO LEAD A MUSLIM STATE,[1] HAVING TWICE BEEN PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN (19881990; 19931996). SHE WAS PAKISTAN'S FIRST AND TO DATE ONLY FEMALE PRIME MINISTER AND WAS THE ELDEST CHILD OF FORMER PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN MR. ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO AND FORMER FIRST LADY OF PAKISTAN MRS.NUSRAT BHUTTO, AND WAS THE WIFE OF CURRENT PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN MR. ASIF ALI ZARDARI. BHUTTO RETURNED TO PAKISTAN ON OCTOBER 18, 2007, AFTER HAVING REACHED AN UNDERSTANDING WITH PRESIDENT PERVEZ MUSHARRAF BY WHICH SHE WAS GRANTED AMNESTY AND ALL CORRUPTION CHARGES WERE WITHDRAWN. SHE WAS ASSASSINATED ON 27 DECEMBER 2007, AFTER DEPARTING A PPP RALLY IN THE PAKISTANI CITY OF RAWALPINDI, TWO WEEKS BEFORE THE SCHEDULED PAKISTANI GENERAL ELECTION OF 2008 IN WHICH SHE WAS A LEADING OPPOSITION CANDIDATE. THE FOLLOWING YEAR, SHE WAS NAMED ONE OF SEVEN WINNERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS PRIZE IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN RIGHTS

INDIRA PRIYADARSHINI GANDHI ( I/LND R

PRI W

RSHNI

NDI/; HINDI:

; 19 NOVEMBER 1917 31 OCTOBER 1984) WAS AN INDIAN POLITICIAN

NOTED FOR HER CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY AND POLITICAL ASTUTENESS, GANDHI ADHERED TO THE QUASI-SOCIALIST POLICIES OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT THAT WERE BEGUN BY HER FATHER. SHE WAS ALSO THE ONLY INDIAN PRIME MINISTER TO HAVE DECLARED A STATE OF EMERGENCY IN ORDER TO 'RULE BY DECREE' AND THE ONLY INDIAN PRIME MINISTER TO HAVE BEEN IMPRISONED AFTER HOLDING THAT OFFICE.

MOTHER TERESA (26 AUGUST 1910 5 SEPTEMBER 1997), BORN AGNES GONXHABOJAXHIU[1] (PRONOUNCED [A N S ND AB JA D IU]), WAS A CATHOLIC NUN OF ALBANIAN[2][3] ETHNICITY AND INDIAN CITIZENSHIP,[4] WHO FOUNDED THE MISSIONARIES OF CHARITY IN CALCUTTA, INDIA IN 1950. FOR OVER 45 YEARS SHE MINISTERED TO THE POOR, SICK, ORPHANED, AND DYING, WHILE GUIDING THE MISSIONARIES OF CHARITY'S EXPANSION, FIRST THROUGHOUT INDIA AND THEN IN OTHER COUNTRIES. FOLLOWING HER DEATH SHE WAS BEATIFIED BY POPE JOHN PAUL II AND GIVEN THE TITLE BLESSED TERESA OF CALCUTTA IN THE 1970S, SHE BECAME WELL-KNOWN INTERNATIONALLY FOR HER HUMANITARIAN WORK AND ADVOCACY FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE POOR AND HELPLESS. SHE RECEIVED NUMEROUS AWARDS, INCLUDING A NUMBER FROM THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT, ONE OF WHICH WAS THE BHARAT RATNA (1980), AS WELL AS INTERNATIONAL AWARDS, SUCH AS THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE IN 1979.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALEOM, RRC ( / FL R NS NA T E L/; HISTORICALLY [ FL NS]; 12 MAY 1820 13 AUGUST 1910) WAS A CELEBRATED ENGLISHNURSE, WRITER AND STATISTICIAN. AN ANGLICAN, NIGHTINGALE BELIEVED THAT GOD HAD CALLED HER TO BE A NURSE. SHE CAME TO PROMINENCE FOR HER PIONEERING WORK IN NURSING DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR, WHERE SHE TENDED TO WOUNDED SOLDIERS. SHE WAS DUBBED "THE LADY WITH THE LAMP" AFTER HER HABIT OF MAKING ROUNDS AT NIGHT. NIGHTINGALE LAID THE FOUNDATION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT, IN 1860, OF HER NURSING SCHOOL AT ST THOMAS' HOSPITAL IN LONDON, THE FIRST SECULAR NURSING SCHOOL IN THE WORLD, NOW PART OF KING'S COLLEGE LONDON. THE NIGHTINGALE PLEDGE TAKEN BY NEW NURSES WAS NAMED IN HER HONOUR, AND THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL NURSES DAY IS CELEBRATED AROUND THE WORLD ON HER BIRTHDAY.

MARIE SK ODOWSKA CURIE (7 NOVEMBER 1867 4 JULY 1934) WAS A POLISH FRENCH PHYSICISTCHEMIST FAMOUS FOR HER PIONEERING RESEARCH ON RADIOACTIVITY. SHE WAS THE FIRST PERSON HONORED WITH TWO NOBEL PRIZES[1]{ IN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. SHE WAS THE FIRST FEMALE PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS. SHE WAS THE FIRST WOMAN TO BE ENTOMBED ON HER OWN MERITS (IN 1995) IN THE PARIS PANTHON.HER ACHIEVEMENTS INCLUDE A THEORY OF RADIOACTIVITY (A TERM THAT SHE COINED[2]), TECHNIQUES FOR ISOLATING

RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES, AND THE DISCOVERY OF TWO ELEMENTS, POLONIUM AND RADIUM. UNDER HER DIRECTION, THE WORLD'S FIRST STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED INTO THE TREATMENT OF NEOPLASMS, USING RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. SHE FOUNDED THE CURIE INSTITUTES: THE CURIE INSTITUTE (PARIS) AND THE CURIE INSTITUTE (WARSAW).

HILLARY DIANE RODHAM CLINTON (PRONOUNCED / H L RIDA N R D M KL NT N/; BORN OCTOBER 26, 1947) IS THE 67THUNITED STATES SECRETARY OF STATE, SERVING IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENTBARACK OBAMA. SHE WAS A UNITED STATES SENATOR FOR NEW YORK FROM 2001 TO 2009. AS THE WIFE OF THE 42NDPRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, BILL CLINTON, SHE WAS THE FIRST LADY OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1993 TO 2001. IN THE 2008 ELECTION, CLINTON WAS A LEADING CANDIDATE FOR THE DEMOCRATICPRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION.AS SECRETARY OF STATE, CLINTON BECAME THE FIRST FORMER FIRST LADY TO SERVE IN A PRESIDENT'S CABINET. SHE HAS PUT INTO PLACE INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES SEEKING TO MAXIMIZE DEPARTMENTAL EFFECTIVENESS AND PROMOTE THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN WORLDWIDE. SHE HAS SET RECORDS FOR MOST-TRAVELED SECRETARY FOR TIME IN OFFICE. SHE HAS BEEN AT THE FOREFRONT OF THE U.S. RESPONSE TO THE 2011 MIDDLE EAST PROTESTS, INCLUDING ADVOCATING FOR THE MILITARY INTERVENTION IN LIBYA.