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    Avionics Architecture

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    Chintu Kishen KM
    The document discusses the evolution of avionics system architectures from early generations to current approaches. It begins by outlining some of the key challenges in establishing an architecture. Early architectures included disjoint and centralized approaches, while later generations introduced federated, distributed, and hierarchical architectures to allow for greater modularity, integration, and flexibility. The most advanced architectures like Pave Pillar and Pave Pace emphasize high levels of sensor and system integration, modular open architectures, and functionality implemented through complex software rather than dedicated hardware.

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    Avionics Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Chintu Kishen KM
    2K views19 pages
    The document discusses the evolution of avionics system architectures from early generations to current approaches. It begins by outlining some of the key challenges in establishing an architecture. Early architectures included disjoint and centralized approaches, while later generations introduced federated, distributed, and hierarchical architectures to allow for greater modularity, integration, and flexibility. The most advanced architectures like Pave Pillar and Pave Pace emphasize high levels of sensor and system integration, modular open architectures, and functionality implemented through complex software rather than dedicated hardware.

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    The document discusses the evolution of avionics system architectures from early generations to current approaches. It begins by outlining some of the key challenges in establishing an architecture. Early architectures included disjoint and centralized approaches, while later generations introduced federated, distributed, and hierarchical architectures to allow for greater modularity, integration, and flexibility. The most advanced architectures like Pave Pillar and Pave Pace emphasize high levels of sensor and system integration, modular open architectures, and functionality implemented through complex software rather than dedicated hardware.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views19 pages

    Avionics Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Chintu Kishen KM
    The document discusses the evolution of avionics system architectures from early generations to current approaches. It begins by outlining some of the key challenges in establishing an architecture. Early architectures included disjoint and centralized approaches, while later generations introduced federated, distributed, and hierarchical architectures to allow for greater modularity, integration, and flexibility. The most advanced architectures like Pave Pillar and Pave Pace emphasize high levels of sensor and system integration, modular open architectures, and functionality implemented through complex software rather than dedicated hardware.

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    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Establishing the basic architecture is the first and the most fundamental challenge faced by the designer. The architecture must conform to the overall aircraft mission and design while ensuring that the avionics system meets its performance requirements.  These architectures rely on the data buses for intra and intersystem communications.  The optimum architecture can only be selected after a series of exhaustive design tradeoffs that address the evaluation factors.
    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 2

    AVIONICS ARCHITECTURE
    First Generation Architecture ( 1940s 1950s) Disjoint or Independent Architecture ( MiG-21) Centralized Architecture (F-111) Second Generation Architecture ( 1960s 1970s) Federated Architecture (F-16) Distributed Architecture (DAIS) Hierarchical Architecture (F-16) Third Generation Architecture ( 1980s 1990s) Pave Pillar Architecture ( F-22) Fourth Generation Architecture (Post 2005) Pave Pace Architecture(Joint Strike Fighter-JSF)

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    FGA - DISJOINT ARCHITECTURE


    The early avionics systems were stand alone black boxes where each functional area had separate, dedicated sensors, processors and displays and the interconnect media is point to point wiring. The system was integrated by the air-crew who had to look at various dials and displays connected to disjoint sensors correlate the data provided by them, apply error corrections, orchestrate the functions of the sensors and perform mode and failure management in addition to flying the aircraft. This was feasible due to the simple nature of tasks to be performed and due to the availability of time.

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    FGA - DISJOINT ARCHITECTURE

    Pilot
    Navigation Computer Radar Processor

    Navigation Panel

    Inertial Measurement Unit

    Altitude Sensor

    Display

    Control Panel

    RF

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    FGA - CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE


    As the digital technology evolved, a central computer was added to integrate the information from the sensors and subsystems The central computing complex is connected to other subsystems and sensors through analog, digital, synchro and other interfaces When interfacing with computer a variety of different transmission methods , some of which required signal conversion (A/D) when interfacing with computer Signal conditioning and computation take place in one or more computers in a LRU located in an avionics bay , with signals transmitted over one way data bus Data are transmitted from the systems to the central computer and the data conversion takes place at the central computer
    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 6

    FGA - CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE

    GNC
    HSI FCS
    Terrain Following Radar

    WDC
    HSD
    Attack Radar Inertial Navigator Set Nav Data Display Panel

    Multiplexer Converter

    SMS
    RADALT TACAN Doppler Radar Integrated Display Set Maintenance Control Unit

    Nav Data Entry Panel

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    FGA - CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE


    ADVANTAGES

    Simple Design Software can be written easily Computers are located in readily accessible bay DISADVANTAGES Requirement of long data buses Low flexibility in software Increased vulnerability to change Different conversion techniques needed at Central Computer

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    SGA FEDERATED ARCHITECTURE


    Federated : Join together, Become partners Each system acts independently but united Unlike FGA CA , Data conversion occurs at the system level and the data are send as digital form Several standard data processors are often used to perform a variety of Low Bandwidth functions such as navigation, weapon delivery , stores management and flight control Systems are connected in a Time Shared Multiplex way Resource sharing occurs at the last link in the information chain via controls and displays Programmability and versatility of the data processors
    9

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    SGA FEDERATED ARCHITECTURE


    ADVANTAGES : Sharing of Resources Use of TDMA saves hundreds of pounds of wiring Standardization of protocol makes the interchangeability of equipments easier Allows Independent system design and optimization of major systems Changes in system software and hardware are easy to make Fault containment Failure is not propagated

    10 AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    SGA - DAIS HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

    Processor1 Bus Control Interface

    Processor2 Bus Control Interface Data bus A

    Processor M Bus Control Interface

    Data bus B Remote Terminal 1 Sensor Equipment Remote Terminal 2 Sensor Equipment Remote Terminal N
    Control & Display Equipment
    11

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    SGA - DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE


     It has multiple processors throughout the aircraft that are designed for computing takes on a real-time basis as a function of mission phase and/or system status  Processing is performed in the sensors and actuators
    ADVANTAGES

    Fewer, Shorter buses Faster program execution Intrinsic Partitioning

    DISADVANTAGES

    Potentially greater diversity in processor types which aggravates software generation and validation
    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 12

    SGA HIERARCHICAL ARCHITECTURE


     This architecture is derived from the federated architecture  It is based on the TREE Topology ADVANTAGES  Critical functions are placed in a separate bus and Non-Critical functions are placed in another bus  Failure in non-critical parts of networks do not generate hazards to the critical parts of network  The communication between the subsystems of a particular group are confined to their particular group The overload of data in the main bus is reduced
    Most of the military avionics flying today based on hierarchical

    architecture

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    13

    TGA - PAVE PILLAR


    Pave Pillar is a USAF program to define the requirements and avionics architecture for fighter aircraft of the 1990s The Program Emphasizes Increased Information Fusion Higher levels and complexity of software Standardization for maintenance simplification Lower costs Backward and growth capability while making use of emerging technology Voice Recognition /synthesis and Artificial Intelligence Contd
    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 14

    TGA - PAVE PILLAR


    Provides capability for rapid flow of data in, through and from the system as well as between and within the system Higher levels of avionics integration and resource sharing of sensor and computational capabilities Pilot plays the role of a WEAPON SYSTEM MANAGER as opposed to subsystem operator/information integrator Able to sustain operations with minimal support, fly successful mission day and night in any type of weather Face a numerically and technologically advanced enemy aircraft and defensive systems

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    15

    TGA - PAVE PILLAR

    Higher Sustainability

    PP Lower LCC Mission Effectiveness

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    16

    FTGA - PAVE PACE


    Modularity concepts cuts down the cost of the avionics related to VMS, Mission Processing, PVI and SMS The sensor costs accounts for 70% of the avionics cost USAF initiated a study project to cut down the cost of sensors used in the fighter aircraft In 1990, Wright Laboratory McDonnell Aircraft, Boeing aircraft company and Lockheed launched the Pave Pace Program Come with the Concept of Integrated Sensor System(IS2) Pave Pace takes Pave Pillar as a base line standard The integration concept extends to the skin of the aircraft Integration of the RF & EO sensors Originally designed for Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)
    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 17

    FTGA PAVE PACE


    Pilot Vehicle Interfacing

    Integrated RF Sensing

    Integrated Core Processing

    Integrated EO Sensing Integrated Vehicle Management

    Integrated Stores Management

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    18

    KEY OBSERVATIONS AVIONICS ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION


    Increased Digitization of Functions Increased sharing and modularization of functions Integration/ sharing concepts increased to the skin of the aircraft Functionality has increasingly obtained through software Complex hardware architecture modules Complex software modules Increased network complexity and speed

    AVIONICS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

    19

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