Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Annubar Primary Element Flow Calculations

ANNUBAR PRIMARY
ELEMENT FLOW
EQUATIONS

The Annubar primary element flow equations are all derived from the
hydraulic equations which are shown in equations 2.9 and 2.10 of the
Annubar Flow Handbook (document number 00807-0100-1191, Rev BA). For
a detailed example of a derivation of an Annubar primary element equation,
see the Rosemount 485 Annubar Flow Test Data Book (document number
00809-0100-1193, Rev CA).
Equation 1: Volume rate of flow - Liquids (Actual Conditions)
Qa = C I hw

Qa 2
h w = -------
CI

OR

where:
2
1C I = F na K D F aa ----Gf

NOTE:
For description of standard volumetric flow equations, see page 2-15 of
the Annubar Flow Handbook (document number 00809-0100-1191,
Rev BA).
Equation 2: Mass rate of flow - Liquids
OR

W = CI hw

W
h w = -----
C I

where:
2

C I = F na K D F aa f

Equation 3: Mass rate of flow - Gas and Steam

W = CI hw

OR

W 2
h w = -----
C I

where:
2

C I = F na K D Y a F aa f

Equation 4: Volume rate of flow - Gas (Standard Conditions)

Qs = C I hw Pf

OR

Qs 2
1
h w = ----- -------

Pf
CI

where:
2

C I = F na K D Y a F pb F tb F tf F g F pv F aa

Equation 5: Volume rate of flow - Gas (Actual Conditions)

Qa = C I hw

OR

Qa 2
h w = -------
CI

where:
2
1
C I = F na K D Y a F aa ---f

www.rosemount.com

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

For a detailed description of each term in the above equations, see

Nomenclature on page 6. Please note that each of the above equations has
a C' constant. It is not intended that the C' constant of one equation is equal to
the C' constant of another equation. The numerical value of any C' constant is
the product of the appropriate factors for that equation only.
The following tabulations of the flow equations will serve as handy work pads.
Also, the table numbers where the necessary information can be found are
given in the headings of these tabulations. Several completed examples of
flow calculations are given beginning on page 16.
NOTE
The 485 Annubar primary needs no correction for the Reynolds Number.

3
2

1.0995E-07

m /s

0.000396

0.0094993
6.5967E-06

0.00010994

LPS

m3/D

m /H

(mm)2
2

(mm)

0.3958
0.0065966

LPH

LPM

m3/M

kg/m3

(in)2

0.7575
4.7183

CFM

lmp. GPM

(mm)
(mm)

(mm)2

(mm)2

(mm)

kg/m

kg/m3

kg/m

kg/m3

kg/m

kg/m

lbm/ft3

lbm/ft

(in)

lbm/ft3

lbm/ft

(in)2

45.4494

(in)

0.75749

CFH

lbm/ft3

ft /min

(in)2

lbm/ft

(in)

lbm/ft3

lbm/ft

(in)2

(in)

194.28

GPM

8.0949

1
-----Gf

BPD (42 gal)

BPH (42 gal)

F aa

8159.7

339.99

GPH

GPD

Flowing Specific
Gravity

lbm/ft3

F na

Thermal Expansion
Factor (Table 9)

(in)2

Internal Pipe
Diameter

Annubar Flow Constant C

Unit Conversion Annubar Flow

Factor
Coefficient

5.6664

Qa

Rate of Flow

Table 1. Equation for Liquid Volume Rate of Flow

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

hw

Differential Pressure

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

4
3.4751E-06

kg/S

Internal Pipe
Diameter

(in)
2

F aa

Pf

0.012511

0.0002085

3.4751E-06

kg/M

kg/S

0.30025

kg/D

Kg/H

0.0997

1.2511E-05

PPS

PPM

T(met)/hr

358.94

PPH

kg/m
kg/m

kg/m

(mm)

kg/m3

(mm)

(mm)2

(mm)

kg/m3

lbm/ft

(mm)2

(in)

(in)

Ya

lbm/ft3

(in)2

5.9823

Flowing
Density

lbm/ft3

Thermal
Expansion
Factor (Table 9)

lbm/ft3

Annubar
Expansion
Factor

Annubar Flow Constant C

Internal Pipe
Diameter

Annubar
Flow
Coefficient

(in)2

F na

8614.56

PD

Rate of Flow

Unit
Conversion
Factor

kg/m

(mm)

kg/m3

(mm)2

kg/m

(mm)

kg/m3

kg/m

lbm/ft3

(mm)2

(mm)

(in)2

lbm/ft

(in)
2

Pf

lbm/ft3

x
lbm/ft3

Flowing Density

(in)2

F aa

Thermal Expansion
Factor (Table 9)

Annubar Flow Constant CI

Annubar Flow
Coefficient

Table 3. Equation for Gas and Steam Mass Rate of Flow

0.012511

kg/D
0.0002085

0.30025

T(met)/hr

kg/M

1.2511E-05

PPS

Kg/H

5.9823
0.0997

PPM

358.94

PPH

F na
8614.56

Unit Conversion
Factor

PPD

Rate of Flow

Table 2. Equation for Liquid Mass Rate of Flow

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

hw

Differential Pressure

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

hw

Differential Pressure

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

3.1186E-07

NM3/S

mm)2

(mm)2

mm)2

(mm)2

0.30025

Am3/D

0.012511

0.0002085

3.4751E-06

Am /H

Am3/M

Am3/S

(mm)2

(mm)2

(mm)

(mm)2

kg/m3

kg/m3

kg/m

kg/m3

kg/m3

kg/m

lbm/ft

(mm)
(mm)2

(in)

0.2085

ACFD

12.5100

1---Pf

AL/H

AL/M

F aa

lbm/ft3

(in)2

Ya

358.94

5.9823

ACFH

ADFM

Flowing
Density

Thermal
Expansion
Factor (Table 9)

lbm/ft3

Annubar
Expansion
Factor

Annubar Flow Constant CI

Internal Pipe
Diameter

F na

Annubar
Flow
Coefficient

(in)2

Unit Conversion
Factor

8614.56

Qa

Rate of
Flow

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

hw

Differential Pressure

kPa

kPa

kPa

kPa

kPa

Pf

mm)2

F aa

kPa

F pv

psia

Fg

(mm)2

F tf

(in)2

F tb

Flowing
Pressure

psia

F pb

Thermal
Expansion
Factor (Table 12)

psia

Ya

Supercomp
Factor
(Table 8)

(in)2

Specific
Gravity
Factor

(in)2

Flowing
Temperature
Factor

Table 5. Equation for Gas and Steam Rate of Flow (Actual Conditions)

1.8712E-05

NM3/M

0.018711

NL/M

0.026945

1.1227

NL/H

0.0011227

5.6362

SCFM

NM3/H

338.17

NM3/D

8.116.1

SCFD

SCFH

K
x

F na
x

Qs
x

Annubar Flow Constant CI

Temperature
Base Factor

Rate of Flow

Pressure
Base Factor

Annubar
Expansion
Factor

Internal Pipe
Diameter

Annubar
Flow
Coefficient

Unit
Conversion
Factor

Table 4. Equation for Gas and Steam Mass Rate of Flow (Standard Conditions)

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

mm H2O at 20 C

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

inch H2O at 68 F

hw

Differential Pressure

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

NOMENCLATURE
D

Internal diameter of pipe, inches (mm)

Faa

Thermal Expansion Factor. This factor corrects for the flowing area change of the pipe at the Annubar
location due to temperature effects. For 316 stainless steel Annubar primary elements mounted in
carbon steel pipe, Faa = 1.0000 for temperatures between 31 and 106 F. See Table 12 on page 15.

Fg

Specific Gravity Factor. This factor corrects the flow equation whenever the gas is not air. The factor can
be calculated as:
Fg =

1
---G

where, G = specific gravity of flowing gas, air = 1.000. For a more complete description of specific
gravity, see page 2-4 and Appendix C of the Annubar Flow Handbook (document number
00807-0100-1191, Rev BA).
Fna

Units Conversion Factor. This factor is used to convert the flow rate to the desired or wanted set of units.
Appendix C Annubar Flow Handbook (document number 00807-0100-1191, Rev BA) shows an example
of how the numerical value of Fna is derived from the hydraulic equation for a given set of input units.

Fpb

Pressure Base Factor. The Pressure Base Factors are calculated to give gas volumes at a pressure
base of 14.73 psia (101.56 kPa abs). The pressure base factor can be calculated as:
14.73
F pb = --base pressure, psia

Fpv

OR

101.56
F pb = --base pressure, kPa abs

Supercompressibility Factor. The Supercompressibility Factor accounts for the deviation from the ideal
gas laws. In the flow equations, gas volumes are assumed to vary with pressure and temperature in
accordance with Boyles and Charles' laws (the ideal gas laws). Actually, the volume occupied by
individual gases deviate, by a slight degree, from the volumes which the ideal gas laws indicate. The
amount of deviation is a function of the composition of the gas and varies primarily with static pressure
and temperature. The actual deviation may be obtained by a laboratory test conducted on a sample of
the gas, carefully taken at line conditions of pressure and temperature.
The National Bureau of Standards, Circular 564, gives the compressibility factor (Z) of air and other pure
gases. The relationship between supercompressibility factor and compressibility factor is as follows:
F pv =

--1Z

Table 10 on page 13 gives an abbreviated listing of the supercompressibility factors for air.
Practical relationships have been established by which this deviation can be calculated and tabulated for
natural gases containing normal mixtures of hydrocarbon components, considering the presence of
small quantities of carbon dioxide and nitrogen and also relating the deviation to the heating value of
gas.
The A.G.A. manual (NX-19), Determination of Supercompressibility Factors for Natural Gas, should be
used for determination of Fpv.
Table 11 on page 14 gives an abbreviated listing of the supercompressibility factors for natural gas.

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Ftb

485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Temperature Base Factor. The Temperature Base Factors are calculated to give gas volumes at a base
temperature of 60 F (520R) or 16 C (289 K). The factor can be calculated as:
F tb = ---temperature base (F) + 460
520

Ftf

Reference Manual

base (C) + 273

F tb = --temperature
289

OR

Flowing Temperature Factor. The units conversion factor (Fna) for volumetric flow of gases at standard
conditions has been calculated assuming that the gas temperature flowing around the Annubar primary
element is 60 F (520R) or 16 C (289 K). If measurement is made at any other flowing temperature,
then the flowing temperature factor must be applied. The factor can be calculated as:
F tf =

520
----------

520

flowing temperature (F) + 460

OR

F tf =

520
----------

289

flowing temperature (C) + 273

Specific Gravity of Flowing Liquid. Ratio of the density of the flowing fluid to the density of water at 60F
which is 63.3707 lbm/ft3. See Appendix A of the Annubar Flow Handbook (document number
00807-0100-1191, Rev BA) for specific gravities of various liquids.

hw

Differential pressure as measured by the Annubar primary element. For this handbook, the differential
pressure is expressed as the height, in inches, of a water column at 68 F at standard gravity (gc =
32.174 ft/sec2 = 9.807 m/sec2).
hw = inches H2O at 68 F (mm at 20 C)

Flow Coefficient. Equation 8 on page 10 defines the flow coefficient of an Annubar primary element. It is
related to the diameter of the pipe and is generally expressed as a function of Reynolds Number. See
page 2-7 of the Annubar Flow Handbook (document number 00807-0100-1191, Rev BA) for an
explanation of Reynolds Number.

Pf

Flowing Pressure. This is the static pressure, in absolute units, existing in the pipe. For this handbook,
the pressures are expressed in psia and kPa abs.

Qa

Actual Volumetric Flow Rate. This term is the flow rate of the fluid passing the Annubar primary element
in actual volume units per units of time. Examples are actual cubic feet per hour (ACFH), GPM, etc.

Qs

Standard Volumetric Flow Rate. This term is the flow rate of the fluid passing the Annubar primary
element in standard volume units per unit of time. For some gases, especially fuel gases, the cubic foot
is the unit of measurement. A cubic foot of gas has no absolute or comparative value unless the
pressure and temperature of the gas are specified when it fills a cubic foot. A common unit used for
evaluating rates of flow is standard cubic foot per hour, (SCFH). This unit states how many cubic feet of
gas per hour would be flowing around the Annubar primary element if the flowing pressure and
temperature were equal to the base pressure and temperature. For this handbook, the base pressure is
14.73 psia (101.56 kPa abs) and the base temperature is 60 F (520R) or 16C (289 K).

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Mass Rate of Flow. This term is the flow rate of the fluid passing the Annubar primary element in mass
units per unit time.

YA

Expansion Factor. When a gas flows around an Annubar primary element, the change in velocity is
accompanied by a change in density. The expansion factor must be applied to correct for this change.
The expansion factor also accounts for small changes in the internal energy of the molecules due to the
temperature difference between the upstream and downstream pressure ports of the Annubar primary
element. The variation of the expansion factor is small and the ratio of specific heats for commercial
gases is sufficiently constant to warrant using a constant ratio of specific heat. Use the following
algorithm to calculate the value of the gas expansion factor. This equation adjusts for density and
internal energy effects of the gas as it flows around the Annubar primary element.
Equation 6: Gas Expansion Factor
hw
2
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 B ) 0.00342 ) --------Pf

where:
Equation 7: Blockage Equation
4d
--------

B = D = Blockage
D = Internal Pipe Diameter in inches (cm)
d = See Table Table 8 on page 12
hw = Differential pressure in inches (mm) of water column
PF = Flowing line pressure in psia (kPa abs)
= Ratio of specific heats
Examples of gases with a specific heat ratio of 1.4 are: air, CO, H2, NO, N2 and O2.
Examples of gases with a specific heat ratio of 1.3 are: natural gas, ammonia, CO2, Cl2, H2S, N2O, SO2,
and steam.
Ya is needed in all gas flow equations and requires the differential pressure can be calculated first. If the
differential pressure is not known, Ya is assumed to be 1.000 and the differential pressure is calculated.
Iteration is then necessary to determine its final value.
f

Flowing Density. For this handbook, the densities are expressed in lbm/ft (kg/m3). Appendix A of the
Annubar Flow Handbook (document number 00807-0100-1191, Rev BA gives densities of various fluids.

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Flow Coefficient
Reynolds Number
Dependency

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

When the Rosemount 485 Annubar primary element is used within the
acceptable Reynolds Number range defined by Rosemount, the Annubar
Primary element's flow coefficient will be independent of changing Reynolds
Number. Any variations in the K-value with changing Reynolds Number are
due to scatter and fall within .75% of the published K-value.
A 485 Annubar primary element's K-factor independence of Reynolds number
allows the user to measure a large range of Reynolds Numbers without need
of a correction factor. The 485 Annubar's K-factor independence can be
attributed to a constant separation point along the edges of its T-shaped
sensor and the probe's ability to take a proper average of its sensing slots.

Flow Coefficient Theory

Rosemount is the first company to identify and utilize the theoretical equations
linking self-averaging pitot tube flow coefficients to pipe blockage. This
K-to-Blockage theoretical link establishes a higher degree of confidence in
485 Annubar K-factors than in flow meters that use only an empirical data
base for determining their flow coefficients.

Signal

The signal generated by an Annubar primary element can be divided into two
major parts:

the differential pressure contribution due to the Annubar primary

element's shape (HS)

the differential pressure contribution due to the Annubar primary

element's blockage in the pipe (Hb).

How Sensor Shape

Affects the Differential
Pressure

An Annubar primary element placed in an infinitely large pipe (with no

confining walls) will still produce a differential pressure. This differential
pressure is nearly twice that of a standard pitot tube, and is the result of a
reduced low pressure on the downstream side. The upstream, or high
pressure is caused by the fluid impacting the front of the Annubar primary
element and is known as the stagnation pressure. The downstream, or low
pressure is caused by the fluid traveling past the Annubar primary element,
creating suction on the rear side. This suction phenomenon can be attributed
to a boundary layer flow separation.

How Pipe Blockage

Affects Differential
Pressure

An Annubar primary element is an obstruction in the pipe and therefore,

reduces the cross-sectional area in which the fluid can pass. This reduced
area causes the fluid to accelerate and hence, reduces its pressure.
Therefore, the downstream pressure measurement of an Annubar primary
element will be affected by the Annubar primary element's blockage in the
pipe.
Since an Annubar primary element uses the internal diameter of the pipe it is
being inserted into as a throat diameter in its calculation of a flow rate, the
Annubar primary element K-factor must compensate for the amount of
obstructed area the sensor itself causes in the pipe. This is analogous to the
velocity of approach factor for an orifice plate or a venturi meter.
By writing a mass balance and an energy balance around the Annubar
primary element, and by dividing the differential pressure produced by the
Annubar primary element into Hs and Hb, one can derive the relationship
between the Annubar primary element K-factor and the Annubar primary
element's blockage in the pipe. The derivation involves partial differential
pressure components, and the integration of a k-blockage equation. The
result is the following K vs. Blockage equation:

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Equation 8: K vs. Blockage

( 1 C2 B )
K A = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

The constants C1 and C2 must be determined experimentally. Once C1 and

C2 are determined, the equations above becomes the theoretical link between
the Annubar primary element K-factor (K) and the Annubar primary element's
blockage in the pipe (B). The values for constants C1 and C2 are shown in the
table below:
Table 6. 485 Sensor Constants

The Importance of the

Flow Coefficient, or K vs.
Blockage Theory

Coefficient

Sensor Size 1

Sensor Size 2

Sensor Size 3

C1
C2

1.515
1.4229

1.492
1.4179

1.5856
1.3318

As with any other meter, the 485 Annubar primary element's accuracy is only
as good as its flow coefficient (K-factor). Rosemount has tested a
representative sample of Flowmeters and empirically determined flow
coefficients. For Annubars, these flow coefficients are plotted against the
meter's blockage. Curve fitting techniques are applied to the base line data to
generate equations that predict flow coefficients in untested line sizes and
untested Reynolds Number ranges. Please see the 485 Annubar Flow Test
Data Book (document number 00809-0100-1193, Rev CA) for a more detailed
discussion of this topic.
Provided the theory is based on the proper physics, these relationships are
immune to minor variation in test data. Using a theoretical basis (in addition to
empirical testing) for the prediction of untested flow coefficients provides a
much higher degree of confidence in the untested values. The following
graphs show that empirical data agree with a plot of the K vs. Blockage
Equation.

10

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Figure 7. K vs. BLOCKAGE

11

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Operating Limitations

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

For an Annubar primary element to operate accurately, the flowing fluid must
be separate from the probe at the same location (along the edges of the
T-shape sensor). Drag coefficients, lift coefficients, separation points, and
pressure distributions around bluff bodies are best compared by calculating
the rod Reynolds Number. There is a minimum rod Reynolds Number at
which the flowing fluid will not properly separate from the edges of a T-shape
sensor. The minimum rod Reynolds Numbers for the Rosemount 485 are:

Table 8. Reynolds Number and

Probe Width

Sensor Size

Probe Width (d)

Minimum Reynolds Number

1
2
3

0.590-in. (1.4986 cm)

1.060-in (2.6924 cm)
1.920-in (4.8768 cm)

6500
12500
25000

Above these rod Reynolds Numbers, 485 Annubar primary elements will
operate accurately. To determine the rod Reynolds Number at any given
flowrate, use the following relationship:
dV
Re rod = ----------12

OR

dV
Re rod = ------------100

where,
= fluid density in lbm/ft3 (kg/m3)
d = probe width in inches (cm)
V = velocity of fluid in feet per second (m/s)
= fluid viscosity in lbm/ft-sec (kg/m-s)
When determining the minimum operating flow rate for an Annubar primary
element, one should also consider the capability of the secondary
instrumentation (differential pressure transmitters, manometers, etc.).
The upper operating limit for Rosemount 485 Annubar primary elements is
reached when any one of the following criteria is met:

12

1.

The fluid velocity reaches the structural limit of the Annubar primary
element.

2.

The fluid velocity reaches a choked flow condition at the Annubar

primary element (for gases).

3.

Cavitation occurs on the downstream side of the Annubar primary

element.

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Table 9. Supercompressibility
Factor, Fpv
5 + k2 G

F pv =

)
k 1 G ( 10
1 + ----------------------------------------3.825
Tf

Constants

Range of Specific
Gravity, G

k1

k2

0.600 < G <

0.601 < G < 0.650
0.651 < G < 0.750
0.751 < G < 0.900
0.901 < G < 1.100
1.101 < G < 1.500

2.480
3.320
4.660
7.910
11.630
17.480

2.020
1.810
1.600
1.260
1.070
0.900

Table 10. Supercompressibility Factor: Air, Specific Gravity 1.0

Pressure
psia
40 F
14.7
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1470

13

1.0092
1.0613
1.1193
1.1744
1.2270
1.2774
1.3260
1.3728
1.4181
1.4620
1.5046
1.5460
1.5863
1.6257
1.6641
1.6905

Temperature
20 F

0 F

20 F

40 F

60 F

80 F

100 F

120 F

140 F

160 F

180 F

200 F

220 F

1.0077
1.0516
1.1007
1.1477
1.1929
1.2365
1.2785
1.3192
1.3587
1.3971
1.4345
1.4709
1.5064
1.5411
1.5751
1.5984

1.0065
1.0437
1.0856
1.1259
1.1649
1.2026
1.2391
1.2746
1.3091
1.3428
1.3756
1.4077
1.4390
1.4697
1.4998
1.5204

1.0056
1.0372
1.0732
1.1079
1.1416
1.1744
1.2062
1.2373
1.2675
1.2971
1.3260
1.3543
1.3820
1.4092
1.4358
1.4542

1.0048
1.0319
1.0629
1.0930
1.1223
1.1508
1.1786
1.2058
1.2324
1.2585
1.2840
1.3090
1.3336
1.3577
1.3814
1.3977

1.0041
1.0275
1.0544
1.0805
1.1060
1.1310
1.1554
1.1793
1.2028
1.2258
1.2483
1.2705
1.2923
1.3137
1.3348
1.3493

1.0035
1.0239
1.0472
1.0700
1.0924
1.1143
1.1358
1.1568
1.1775
1.1979
1.2179
1.2376
1.2569
1.2760
1.2948
1.3078

1.0031
1.0208
1.0412
1.0612
1.0808
1.1001
1.1191
1.1377
1.1560
1.1741
1.1918
1.2094
1.2266
1.2436
1.2604
1.2721

1.0027
1.0182
1.0361
1.0537
1.0710
1.0880
1.1048
1.1213
1.1376
1.1537
1.1695
1.1851
1.2005
1.2157
1.2308
1.2412

1.0024
1.0160
1.0318
1.0473
1.0626
1.0777
1.0926
1.1073
1.1218
1.1361
1.1502
1.1642
1.1779
1.1916
1.2051
1.2144

1.0021
1.0141
1.0281
1.0419
1.0554
1.0689
1.0821
1.0952
1.1081
1.1209
1.1335
1.1460
1.1584
1.1706
1.1827
1.1911

1.0019
1.0125
1.0249
1.0372
1.0493
1.0612
1.0730
1.0847
1.0963
1.1077
1.1191
1.1303
1.1414
1.1524
1.1633
1.1709

1.0016
1.0112
1.0222
1.0331
1.0439
1.0546
1.0652
1.0756
1.0860
1.0963
1.1065
1.1166
1.1266
1.1365
1.1463
1.1531

1.0015
1.0100
1.0198
1.0296
1.0392
1.0488
1.0583
1.0677
1.0771
1.0863
1.0955
1.1046
1.1136
1.1226
1.1314
1.1376

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Table 11. Supercompressibility Factor: Hydrocarbon Gas, Specific Gravity 0.6

Pressure
psia
40 F
14.7
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000

14

1.0027
1.0185
1.0368
1.0547
1.0722
1.0896
1.1066
1.1234
1.1399
1.1562
1.1723
1.1882
1.2038
1.2193
1.2345
1.2496
1.2645
1.2792
1.2937
1.3081
1.3223
1.3364
1.3503
1.3641
1.3778
1.3913
1.4047
1.4180
1.4311
1.4441
1.4570

Temperature
20 F

0 F

20 F

40 F

60 F

80 F

100 F

120 F

140 F

160 F

180 F

200 F

220 F

1.0023
1.0155
1.0309
1.0459
1.0608
1.0755
1.0899
1.1042
1.1183
1.1322
1.1460
1.1596
1.1730
1.1863
1.1994
1.2124
1.2253
1.2380
1.2506
1.2630
1.2754
1.2876
1.2997
1.3117
1.3236
1.3354
1.3470
1.3586
1.3701
1.3815
1.3928

1.0019
1.0131
1.0261
1.0389
1.0515
1.0640
1.0764
1.0886
1.1007
1.1126
1.1244
1.1361
1.1477
1.1591
1.1705
1.1817
1.1928
1.2039
1.2148
1.2256
1.2364
1.2470
1.2576
1.2680
1.2784
1.2887
1.2989
1.3090
1.3191
1.3291
1.3390

1.0016
1.0112
1.0222
1.0331
1.0440
1.0547
1.0652
1.0757
1.0861
1.0964
1.1066
1.1167
1.1267
1.1366
1.1465
1.1562
1.1659
1.1755
1.1850
1.1945
1.2038
1.2131
1.2223
1.2315
1.2406
1.2496
1.2585
1.2674
1.2763
1.2850
1.2937

1.0014
1.0096
1.0190
1.0284
1.0377
1.0469
1.0561
1.0651
1.0741
1.0830
1.0918
1.1006
1.1093
1.1179
1.1265
1.1350
1.1434
1.1518
1.1601
1.1683
1.1765
1.1847
1.1928
1.2008
1.2088
1.2167
1.2245
1.2324
1.2401
1.2479
1.2555

1.0012
1.0082
1.0164
1.0245
1.0325
1.0405
1.0484
1.0563
1.0641
1.0718
1.0795
1.0871
1.0947
1.1023
1.1097
1.1172
1.1245
1.1319
1.1391
1.1464
1.1536
1.1607
1.1678
1.1749
1.1819
1.1889
1.1958
1.2027
1.2095
1.2164
1.2231

1.0011
1.0071
1.0142
1.0212
1.0282
1.0352
1.0421
1.0489
1.0557
1.0625
1.0692
1.0758
1.0825
1.0891
1.0956
1.1021
1.1086
1.1150
1.1214
1.1278
1.1341
1.1404
1.1467
1.1529
1.1591
1.1653
1.1714
1.1775
1.1835
1.1896
1.1956

1.0009
1.0062
1.0124
1.0185
1.0246
1.0307
1.0367
1.0427
1.0486
1.0546
1.0604
1.0663
1.0721
1.0779
1.0837
1.0894
1.0951
1.1008
1.1064
1.1120
1.1176
1.1232
1.1287
1.1342
1.1397
1.1451
1.1506
1.1560
1.1613
1.1667
1.1720

1.008
1.0054
1.0108
1.0162
1.0215
1.0269
1.0322
1.0374
1.0427
1.0479
1.0530
1.0582
1.0633
1.0684
1.0735
1.0786
1.0836
1.0886
1.0936
1.0986
1.1035
1.1085
1.1134
1.1182
1.1231
1.1279
1.1328
1.1376
1.1423
1.1471
1.1518

1.0007
1.0048
1.0095
1.0142
1.0190
1.0236
1.0283
1.0329
1.0376
1.0422
1.0467
1.0513
1.0558
1.0604
1.0649
1.0693
1.0738
1.0782
1.0827
1.0871
1.0915
1.0958
1.1002
1.1045
1.1089
1.1132
1.1175
1.1217
1.1260
1.1302
1.1344

1.0006
1.0042
1.0084
1.0126
1.0167
1.0209
1.0250
1.0291
1.0332
1.0373
1.0413
1.0454
1.0494
1.0534
1.0574
1.0614
1.0654
1.0693
1.0733
1.0772
1.0811
1.0850
1.0889
1.0927
1.0966
1.1004
1.1043
1.1081
1.1119
1.1157
1.1194

1.005
1.0037
1.0074
1.0111
1.0148
1.0185
1.0222
1.0258
1.0295
1.0331
1.0367
1.0403
1.0439
1.0474
1.0510
1.0546
1.0581
1.0616
1.0651
1.0686
1.0721
1.0756
1.0791
1.0825
1.0860
1.0894
1.0928
1.0963
1.0997
1.1031
1.1064

1.0005
1.0033
1.0066
1.0099
1.0132
1.0165
1.0197
1.0230
1.0262
1.0295
1.0327
1.0359
1.0391
1.0423
1.0455
1.0486
1.0518
1.0550
1.0581
1.0612
1.0644
1.0675
1.0706
1.0737
1.0768
1.0799
1.0829
1.0860
1.0890
1.0921
1.0951

1.0004
1.0030
1.0059
1.0089
1.0118
1.0147
1.0176
1.0205
1.0234
1.0263
1.0292
1.0321
1.0349
1.0378
1.0407
1.0435
1.0463
1.0492
1.0520
1.0548
1.0576
1.0604
1.0632
1.0660
1.0688
1.0715
1.0743
1.0770
1.0798
1.0825
1.0853

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Table 12. Faa Thermal

Expansion Factor
Temperature (F) of Piping Material
Aluminum

Copper

264
204
155
108
63
19
25
68
113

322
230
163
102
44
19
68
127

15

Type 430

44
68
157
246
332
415
494
568
641
713
783
851
918
956
1054
1121
1189

2% CRMO

13
68
146
222
296
366
434
501
566
629
690
750
811
871
928
984
1038

5% CRMO

14
68
151
232
312
389
460
527
594
662
730
795
858
918
979
1040
1102

Bronze
317
245
190
137
86
34
17
68
122
175
225
273
321
369
417

Carbon Steel

6
68
144
218
289
358
425
489
551
613
675
735
794
851
907
961
1015

Type 316
Type 304

Correcton
Factor, Faa

276
189
119
55
7
68
130
186
240
292
343
391
439
488
536
584
631
674
727
777
799

0.993
0.994
0.995
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.999
1.000
1.001
1.002
1.003
1.004
1.005
1.006
1.007
1.008
1.009
1.010
1.011
1.012
1.013
1.014
1.015

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook
Flow Calculation
Examples:

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Problem:
Oil with a specific gravity of 0.825 is flowing at a rate of 6000 GPM. The 20-in.
standard wall (ID - 19.26-in.) carbon steel pipeline has a pressure of 75 psig
and a temperature of 100F. What is the differential pressure (hw) that a
Sensor Size 2 Rosemount 485 Annubar primary element would measure?
Solution:
Q a 2
h w = -------
C 1

(from Equation 1 on page 1)

Qa = 600 GPM
2
1
C I = F na K D F aa -----Gf

where:
Fna = 5.6664

(from Table 1 on page 3)

( 1 C2 B )
K = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

(from Equation 8 on page 10)

where:
4d
4 ( 1.060 )
B = -------- = ----------------------- = 0.0701
19.25
D

(from Equation 7 on page 8)

C 1 = 1.492

(from Table 6 on page 10)

C 2 = 1.4179

so:
( 1 1.4179 0.0701 )
K = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 0.6058
2
1 ( 1.492 ) ( 1 1.4179 0.0701 )
2

D = 19.26 = 370.9476

(from Table 6 on page 10)

Faa = 1.000
1
------ =
Gf

1
--------------- = 1.101
0.825

so:
l

C = 5.6664 0.6058 370.9476 1.000 1.101 = 1401.9625

and:
2
6000
h w = ---------------------------- = 18.316
1401.9625

16

inchH2 O

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Problem:
Oil with a specific gravity of 0.825 is flowing at a rate of 22,700 LPM. The 50
cm inside diameter carbon steel pipeline has a pressure of 517 kPa and a
temperature of 38 C. What is the differential pressure (hw) that a Sensor Size
2 Rosemount 485 Annubar primary element would measure?
Solution:
Q a 2
h w = -------
C 1

(from Equation 1 on page 1)

Qa = 22700 LPM
2
1C I = F na K D F aa ----Gf

where:
(from Table 1 on page 3)

Fna = 0.0065966
( 1 C2 B )
K = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

(from Equation 8 on page 10)

where:
4d
4 ( 2.6924 )
B = -------- = --------------------------- = 0.0686
50
D

(from Equation 7 on page 8)

C 1 = 1.492

(from Table 6 on page 10)

C 2 = 1.4179

so:
( 1 1.4179 0.0686 )
K = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 0.6065
2
1 ( 1.492 ) ( 1 1.4179 0.0686 )
2

D = 500 = 250000

(from Table 6 on page 10)

Faa = 1.000
1
------ =
Gf

1
--------------- = 1.101
0.825

so:
l

C = 0.0065966 0.6065 250000 1.000 1.101 = 1101.23

and:
22700 2
h w = --------------------- = 424.91
1101.23

17

mmH 2 O

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Problem:
Steam at 500 psia and 620 F is flowing in a 24-in. ID carbon steel pipe. The
measured differential pressure on a Sensor Size 3 Rosemount 485 Annubar
primary element is 15-in H2O. What is the flowrate in PPH?
Solution:
W = CI hw

(from Equation 3 on page 1)

C I = F na K D Y a F aa f

where:
Fna = 358.94

(from Table 1 on page 3)

( 1 C2 B )
K = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

(from Equation 8 on page 10)

where:
4d- = 4
( 1.920 )- = 0.1019
B = ---------------------------D
24

(from Equation 7 on page 8)

C 1 = 1.5856

(from Table 6 on page 10)

C 2 = 1.3318

so:
( 1 1.3318 0.1019 )
K = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 0.5848
2
1 ( 1.5856 ) ( 1 1.3318 0.1019 )
2

D = 24 = 576
hw
2
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 B ) 0.00342 ) --------Pf

(from Equation 6 on page 8)

where:
4d- = 4
( 1.920 -) = 0.1019
B = ---------------------------D
24
H w = 15inH 2 O
P f = 500psia
= 1.3

so:
2
15
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 0.1019 ) 0.00342 ) ------------------------ = 0.9999
500 1.3

F aa = 1.008
f =

0.8413 = 0.9172

so
l

C = 358.94 0.5848 576 0.9999 1.008 0.9172 = 111771.96

W = 111771.96 15 = 432890.93

18

PPH

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Problem:
Steam at 3500 kPa abs and 350 C is flowing in a 60.96 cm ID carbon steel
pipe. The measured differential pressure on a Sensor Size 3 Rosemount 485
Annubar primary element is 715.04 mm H2O. What is the flowrate in kg/hr?
Solution:)
W = CI hw

(from Equation 3 on page 1)

C I = F na K D Y a F aa f

where:
Fna = 0.012511

(from Table 3 on page 4)

( 1 C2 B )
K = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

(from Equation 8 on page 10)

where:
4d- = -------------------------4 ( 4.9149 )- = 0.1027
B = ------D
60.96

(from Equation 7 on page 8)

C 1 = 1.5856

(from Table 6 on page 10)

C 2 = 1.3318

so:
( 1 1.3318 0.1027 )
K = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 0.5848
2
1 ( 1.5856 ) ( 1 1.3318 0.1027 )
2

D = 609.6 = 371612.16
hw
2
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 B ) 0.00342 ) --------Pf

(from Equation 6 on page 8)

where:
4d- = 4
( 4.9149 )- = 0.1027
B = -------------------------------D
60.96
H w = 715.04mmH 2 O
P f = 3500psia
= 1.3

so:
2
715.04
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 0.1027 ) 0.00342 ) ---------------------------- = 0.9991
3500 1.3

F aa = 1.000
f =

13.0249 = 3.609

(Pf = 13.0249 kg/m3 per ASME Steam Tables)

so
l

C = 0.012511 0.5848 371612.16 0.9991 1.000 3.609 = 9803.59

W = 9803.59 715.04 = 262150.27

19

( kg ) h

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Problem:
Natural gas with a specific gravity of 0.63 is flowing in a 12-in. schedule 80
carbon steel pipe. the operating pressure is 1264 psia and he operating
temperature is 120 F. For a Sensor Size 2 Rosemount 485 Annubar primary
element, determine the differential pressure (hw) for a flowrate of 6 MM SCFH
at a base temperature of 60 F and a pressure of 14.73 psia.
Solution:
Qs 2
1
h w = ----- -------
Pf C I

(from Equation 4 on page 1)

Q s = 6000000SCFH
P f = 1264psia
2

C I = F na K D Y a F pb F tb F tf F g F pv F aa

where:
(from Table 4 on page 5)

Fna = 338.11
( 1 C2 B )
K = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

(from Equation 8 on page 10)

where:
4d- = ---------------------4 ( 1.060 -) = 0.1186
B = ------D
11.37

(from Equation 7 on page 8)

C 1 = 1.492

(from Table 6 on page 10)

C 2 = 1.4179

so:
( 1 1.4179 0.1186 )
K = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 0.5835
2
1 ( 1.492 ) ( 1 1.4179 0.1186 )
2

D = 11.376 = 129.41

The differential pressure hw is required to calculate Ya. Since hw is not

known, assume Ya = 1 and verify the results.
14.73
F pb = --base pressure, psia

14.73
= --------------- = 1
14.73

base (F) + 460

F pb = temperature
--520

F tf =

Fg =
F pv =

520

---

flowing temperature (F) + 460

1- =
--G
--1- =
Z

F aa = 1.001

20

1 - = 1.2599
---------0.63
1 - = 1.0637
----------------0.8838

+ 460- = 1
= 60
---------------------520
=

520
----------------------------------------- = 0.9469
120 ( 520 ) + 460

Compressibility factor for

natural gas from A.G.A
Report Number 8
(from Table 12 on page 15)

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

so:
l

C = 338.17 1.5835 129.41 1 1 1 0.9469 1.2599 1.0637 1.001 = 32436.74

Qs 2
1
1
6000000 2
h w = ----- ------- = ------------- ------------------------- = 27.07inH 2 O
Pf C I
1264 32436.74

Now the value of Ya, assumed above, can be checked:

hw
2
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 B ) 0.00342 ) --------Pf

(from Equation 6 on page 8)

where
4d- = ---------------------4 ( 1.060 -) = 0.1186
B = ------D
11.37
H w = 27.07inchH 2 O
P f = 1264psia
= 1.3

so:
2
27.07
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 1186 ) 0.00342 ) ---------------------------- = 1
1264 1.3

The assumed and calculated value are the same. Therefore, the value of
hw = 27.07 inch H2O is the correct answer.

21

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

Problem:
Natural gas with a specific gravity of 0.63 is flowing in a 330 mm ID carbon
steel pipe. The operating pressure is 8700 kPA abs and he operating
temperature is 50 C. For a Sensor Size 2 Rosemount 485 Annubar primary
element, determine the differential pressure (hw) for a flowrate of 1700 Nm3/m
at a base temperature of 16 C and a pressure of 103 kPa.
Solution:
Qs 2
1
h w = ----- -------
Pf C I

(from Equation 4 on page 1)

3

Q s = 1700 ( ( Nm ) m )
P f = 8700kPa
2

C I = F na K D Y a F pb F tb F tf F g F pv F aa

where:
(from Table 4 on page 5)

Fna = 1.8712 x 10-5

( 1 C2 B )
K = ------------------------------------------------2
1 C1 ( 1 C2 B )

(from Equation 8 on page 10)

where:
4d
4 ( 26.924 )
B = -------- = --------------------------- = 0.1143
D
300

(from Equation 7 on page 8)

C 1 = 1.492

(from Table 6 on page 10)

C 2 = 1.4179

so:
1 1.4179 0.1143
K = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 0.5856
2
1 ( 1.492 ) ( 1 1.4179 0.1143 )
2

D = 11.376 = 129.41

The differential pressure hw is required to calculate Ya. Since hw is not

known, assume Ya = 1 and verify the results.
101.56
= 101.56
--------------------- = 0.9860
F pb = --103
base pressure, kPa abs
base (C) + 273
F pb = temperature
--289

F tf =

Fg =
F pv =

289

---

flowing temperature (C) + 273

1
---- =
G
1
--- =
Z

F aa = 1.001

22

16 + 273
= ----------------------- = 1
289
=

289 - = 0.9459
------------------------50 + 273

1
----------- = 1.2599
0.63
1
--------------- = 1.0684
0.876

(from Table 12 on page 15)

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003

so:
l

C = 1.8712x10

0.5856 90000 1 0.9860 1 0.9459 1.2599 1.0684 1.001 = 1.239

Qs 2
1
1
1700 2
h w = ----- ------- = ------------- --------------- = 216.39mmH 2 O
Pf C I
8700 1.239

Now the value of Ya, assumed above, can be checked:

hw
2
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 B ) 0.00342 ) --------Pf

(from Equation 6 on page 8)

where:
4d
4 ( 26.924 )
B = -------- = --------------------------- = 0.1143
D
300
H w = 216.39mmH 2 O
P f = 8700kPa
= 1.3

so:
2
216.39
Y a = 1 ( 0.011332 ( 1 0.1143 ) 0.00342 ) ---------------------------- = 1
8700 1.3

The assumed and calculated value are the same. Therefore, the value of
hw = 216.39 mm H2O is the correct answer.

23

Rosemount 485 Annubar

Flow Handbook

24

Reference Manual
485_FlowCalc.pdf
June 2003