1.

INTRODUCTION
The video and thermo gram analyzer continuously monitor activities outside the car. Once the driver (disabled) nears the car. The security system of the car is activated. Images as well as thermo graphic results of the driver are previously fed into the database of the computer. If the video images match with the database entries then the security system advances to the next stage. Here the thermo graphic image verification is done with the database. Once the driver passes this stage the door slides to the sides and a ramp is lowered from its floor. The ramp has flip actuators in its lower end. Once the driver enters the ramp, the flip actuates the ramp to be lifted horizontally. Then robotic arms assist the driver to his seat. As soon as the driver is seated the EEG (electroencephalogram) helmet, attached to the top of the seat, is lowered and suitably placed on the drivers head. A wide screen of the computer is placed at an angle aesthetically suitable to the driver. Each program can be controlled either directly by a mouse or by a shortcut. For starting the car, the start button is clicked. Accordingly the computer switches motors. ON the circuit from the battery to the A.C.Series Induction

2. ANALYSIS
2.1. BIOCONTROL SYSTEM:
The biocontrol system integrates signals from various other systems and compares them with originals in the database. It comprises of the following systems: Brain-computer interface Automatic security system Automatic navigation system Now let us discuss each system in detail. 2.1.1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE Brain-computer interfaces will increase acceptance by offering customized, intelligent help and training, especially for the non-expert user. Development of such a flexible interface paradigm raises several challenges in the areas of machine perception and automatic explanation. The teams doing research in this field have developed a single-position, brain-controlled switch that responds to specific patterns detected in spatiotemporal electroencephalograms (EEG) measured from the human scalp. We refer to this initial design as the Low- Frequency Asynchronous Switch Design (LF-ASD)

Fig.1 LF-ASD The EEG is then filtered and run through a fast Fourier transform before being displayed as a three dimensional graphic. The data can then be piped into MIDI compatible 2

music programs. Furthermore, MIDI can be adjusted to control other external processes, such as robotics. The experimental control system is configured for the particular task being used in the evaluation. Real Time Workshop generates all the control programs from Simulink models and C/C++ using MS Visual C++ 6.0. Analysis of data is mostly done within Mat lab environment. FEATURES OF EEG BAND. Remote analysis data can be sent and analyzed in real-time over a network or modem connection. Data can be fully exported in raw data, FFT & average formats. Ultra low noise balanced DC coupling amplifier. Max input 100microV p-p, minimum digital resolution is 100 microV p-p / 256 = 0.390625 micro V p-p. FFT point can select from 128 (0.9375 Hz), 256 (0.46875 Hz), 512 (0.234375 Hz resolution). Support for additional serial ports via plug-in boar; allows extensive serial input & output control.Infinite real-time data acquisition (dependent upon hard drive size). Real-time 3-D & 2-D FFT with peak indicator, Raw Data, and Horizontal Bar displays with Quick Draw mode.Full 24 bit color support; data can be analyzed with any standard or user.Customized color palettes; color cycling available in 8 bit mode with QuickDrawmode. Interactive real-time FFT filtering with Quick Draw mode. Real-time 3-D FFT (left, right, coherence and relative coherence), raw Wave, sphere frequency and six brain wave switch in one OpenGL display. Full Brainwave driven Quick Time Movie, Quick Time MIDI control; user configurable. Full Brain wave driven sound control, support for 16 bit sound; user configurable.Full image capture and playback control; user configurable.

Fig. 2: EEG Transmission

Fig. 3 EEG 4

TEST RESULTS COMPARING DRIVER ACCURACY WITH/WITHOUT BCI

1. Able-bodied subjects using imaginary movements could attain equal or better control accuracies than able-bodied subjects using real movements. 2. Subjects demonstrated activation accuracies in the range of 70-82% with false activations below 2%. 3. Accuracies using actual finger movements were observed in the range 36-83% 4. The average classification accuracy of imaginary movements was over 99%

Fig.4 Brain-to- Machine Mechanism 5

The principle behind the whole mechanism is that the impulse of the human brain can be tracked and even decoded. The Low-Frequency Asynchronous Switch Design traces the motor neurons in the brain. When the driver attempts for a physical movement, he/she sends an impulse to the motor neuron. These motor neurons carry the signal to the physical components such as hands or legs. Hence we decode the message at the motor neuron to obtain maximum accuracy. By observing the sensory neurons we can monitor the eye movement of the driver.

Fig.5 Eyeball Tracking

As the eye moves, the cursor on the screen also moves and is also brightened when the driver concentrates on one particular point in his environment. The sensors, which are placed at the front and rear ends of the car, send a live feedback of the environment to the computer. The steering wheel is turned through a specific angle by electromechanical actuators. The angle of turn is calibrated from the distance moved by the dot on the screen.

Fig.6 Electromechanical Control Unit

Fig.7 Sensors and Their Range 2.1.2. AUTOMATIC SECURITY SYSTEM The EEG of the driver is monitored continually. When it drops less than 4 Hz then the driver is in an unstable state. A message is given to the driver for confirmation to continue the drive. A confirmed reply activates the program automatic drive. The computer prompts the driver for the destination before the drive. 2.1.3. AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM As the computer is based on artificial intelligence it automatically monitors every route the car travels and stores it in its map database for future use. The map database is analyzed and the shortest route to the destination is chosen. With traffic monitoring system provided by xm satellite radio the computer drives the car automatically. Video and anticollision sensors mainly assist this drive by providing continuous live feed of the environment up to 180 m, which is sufficient for the purpose. 8

Fig.8 EEG Analysis Window

3. APPLICATIONS
Artificial Intelligence in the form of expert systems and neural networks have applications in every field of human endeavor. They combine precision and computational power with pure logic, to solve problems and reduce error in operation. Already, robot expert systems are taking over many jobs in industries that are dangerous for or beyond human ability. Some of the applications divided by domains are as follows: Heavy Industries and Space: Robotics and cybernetics have taken a leap combined with artificially intelligent expert systems. An entire manufacturing process is now totally controlled and maintained by a computer system in car manufacture, machine tool production, computer chip production and almost every high-tech process. They carry out dangerous tasks like handling hazardous radioactive materials. Robotic pilots carry out complex maneuvering techniques of unmanned spacecrafts sent in space. Japan is the leading country in the world in terms of robotics research and use. Finance: Banks use intelligent software applications to screen and analyze financial data. Softwares that can predict trends in the stock market have been created which have been known to beat humans in predictive power. Computer Science: Researchers in quest of artificial intelligence have created spin offs like dynamic programming, object oriented programming, symbolic programming, intelligent storage management systems and many more such tools. The primary goal of creating an artificial intelligence still remains a distant dream but people are getting an idea of the ultimate path which could lead to it. Aviation: Air lines use expert systems in planes to monitor atmospheric conditions and system status. The plane can be put on auto pilot once a course is set for the destination. Weather Forecast: Neural networks are used for predicting weather conditions. Previous data is fed to a neural network which learns the pattern and uses that knowledge to predict weather patterns. 10

Swarm Intelligence: This is an approach to, as well as application of artificial intelligence similar to a neural network. Here, programmers study how intelligence emerges in natural systems like swarms of bees even though on an individual level, a bee just follows simple rules. They study relationships in nature like the prey-predator relationships that give an insight into how intelligence emerges in a swarm or collection from simple rules at an individual level. They develop intelligent systems by creating agent programs that mimic the behavior of these natural systems. Game playing: You can buy machines that can play master level chess for a few hundred dollars. There is some AI in them, but they play well against people mainly through brute force computation--looking at hundreds of thousands of positions. To beat a world champion by brute force and known reliable heuristics requires being able to look at 200 million positions per second. Speech recognition: In the 1990s, computer speech recognition reached a practical level for limited purposes. Thus United Airlines has replaced its keyboard tree for flight information by a system using speech recognition of flight numbers and city names. It is quite convenient. On the other hand, while it is possible to instruct some computers using speech, most users have gone back to the keyboard and the mouse as still more convenient. Understanding natural language: Just getting a sequence of words into a computer is not enough. Parsing sentences is not enough either. The computer has to be provided with an understanding of the domain the text is about, and this is presently possible only for very limited domains. Computer vision: The world is composed of three-dimensional objects, but the inputs to the human eye and computers' TV cameras are two dimensional. Some useful programs can work solely in two dimensions, but full computer vision requires partial three-dimensional information that is not just a set of two-dimensional views. At present there are only limited ways of representing three-dimensional information directly, and they are not as good as what humans evidently use.

11

Expert systems: A ``knowledge engineer'' interviews experts in a certain domain and tries to embody their knowledge in a computer program for carrying out some task. How well this works depends on whether the intellectual mechanisms required for the task are within the present state of AI. When this turned out not to be so, there were many disappointing results. One of the first expert systems was MYCIN in 1974, which diagnosed bacterial infections of the blood and suggested treatments. It did better than Medical students or practicing doctors provided its limitations were observed. Namely, its ontology included bacteria, symptoms, and treatments and did not include patients, doctors, hospitals, death, recovery, and events occurring in time. Its interactions depended on a single patient being considered. Since the experts consulted by the knowledge engineers knew about patients, doctors, death, recovery, etc., it is clear that the knowledge engineers forced what the experts told them into a predetermined framework. In the present state of AI, this has to be true. The usefulness of current expert systems depends on their users having common sense. Heuristic classification: One of the most feasible kinds of expert system given the present knowledge of AI is to put some information in one of a fixed set of categories using several sources of information. An example is advising whether to accept a proposed credit card purchase. Information is available about the owner of the credit card, his record of payment and also about the item he is buying and about the establishment from which he is buying it (e.g., about whether there have been previous credit card frauds at this establishment).

4. LIMITATIONS

12

The ultimate goal of research in AI and Robotics is to produce an android which can interact meaningfully with human beings. A huge amount of research effort is being exerted in order to achieve this aim and a lot of progress has already been made. Researchers have manufactured androids that can walk on two legs, that can climb stairs, that can grasp objects without breaking or dropping them, that can recognize faces and a variety of physical objects, that can imitate what they see human beings doing and so on. It is hard to make robots that can do these things and I have no desire to belittle the scientific achievements that have already been made, but even if a robot succeeds in doing all these things as well as a human being it will still lack at least one essential human ability, namely that of learning from other people by accepting what they say and by believing what they have written. The ultimate goal of AI cannot be achieved until we have implemented in a computer system the ability to acquire information from testimony.A number of people, who should know better, make predictions about when AI will achieve its ultimate goal. There is no possibility of AI succeeding in the foreseeable future. People who say otherwise are simply ignorant of the state of research into testimony. AI cannot succeed until an android (or computer program) can evaluate testimony in a similar way to that in which a human being can. We are decades, at best, from achieving that as hardly anybody, at present, is even studying testimony from an AI perspective, let alone building computer systems to emulate the human ability to learn from testimony. Limitations of AI Approaches: Data-specific and method-specific Single software environment Real-world domain complexities prevent these applications scaling-up Most remain within the research community Still need greater software flexibility

5. CONCLUSION
13

When the above requirements are satisfied and if this car becomes cost effective then we shall witness a revolutionary change in the society where the demarcation between the abler and the disabled vanishes. Thus the integration of bioelectronics with automotive systems is essential to develop efficient and futuristic vehicles, which shall be witnessed soon helping the disabled in every manner in the field of transportation.

Fig 9. Brain controlled car view

6. FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
14

There are other means of reading brain activity than direct neural contact via pins. The first and most common is electroencephalography (EEG) where electrodes are placed against the scalp are used to pick up brain signals. However, this approach is not nearly as accurate as direct neural contact and can only pickup blurry, weak readings. The other, much newer, and much more accurate non-invasive technology is magnetoencephalography (MEG) but is also more equipment intensive. Using MEG requires a room filled with super-conducting magnets and giant supercooling helium tanks surrounded by shielded walls. This technology, while providing the speed and accuracy needed for a successful non-invasive BMI, will require significant improvement of technology in order to be realistic for everyday use.Early BCI/BMI: signal splicing into human sensory nerve pathways, most importantly the visual nerve. Mid-term BCI/BMI: more direct links into the brain with the ability to read certain thoughts and copy a wide range of data and information into various parts of the brain. Final BCI/BMI: direct control over the activities of all individual neurons by means of nanorobots. Arbitrary read/write access to the whole brain. The line between the mind and the computer is blurred. Partial or full uploading is possible and inevitable.

7. REFERENCES
15

1. 'Off-line Classification of EEG from the "New York Brain- Computer Interface (BCI)" Flotzinger, D.,Kalcher, J., wolpaw, #378, Technology, Austria 1993. 2. "Man-Machine Communications through Brain-Wave Processing" Keirn, Z.A. and Aunon, J.I., IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, March 1990. 3. Automotive engineering, SAE, June 2005 4. Automotive mechanics, Crouse, tenth edition, 1993 5. "The brain response interface: communication through visually-induced electrical brain responses" Sutter,E.E., Journal of Microcomputer Applications, 1992, 15: 31-45. J.R., McFarland, J.J., and Pfurtscheller, G., Report IIG-Report Series, IIG: Institutes for Information Processing, Graz University of

16