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    עיבוד תמונה- הרצאות - Canny Edge Detection

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    Ron
    The Canny edge detector provides a more robust method for edge detection compared to traditional gradient-based methods. It applies Gaussian smoothing to reduce noise, calculates the gradient magnitude and orientation, performs non-maximum suppression to thin edges, and applies hysteresis thresholding using two thresholds to detect strong and weak edges while linking edge pixels. This approach helps produce one-pixel wide edges and detect true edges while suppressing noise through the different stages of processing.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    עיבוד תמונה- הרצאות - Canny Edge Detection

    Uploaded by

    Ron
    57 views24 pages
    The Canny edge detector provides a more robust method for edge detection compared to traditional gradient-based methods. It applies Gaussian smoothing to reduce noise, calculates the gradient magnitude and orientation, performs non-maximum suppression to thin edges, and applies hysteresis thresholding using two thresholds to detect strong and weak edges while linking edge pixels. This approach helps produce one-pixel wide edges and detect true edges while suppressing noise through the different stages of processing.

    Original Description:

    שנה רביעית\עיבוד ספרתי של תמונות\הרצאות###מעודכן ל-2012

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    עיבוד תמונה- הרצאות | Canny Edge Detection

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    The Canny edge detector provides a more robust method for edge detection compared to traditional gradient-based methods. It applies Gaussian smoothing to reduce noise, calculates the gradient magnitude and orientation, performs non-maximum suppression to thin edges, and applies hysteresis thresholding using two thresholds to detect strong and weak edges while linking edge pixels. This approach helps produce one-pixel wide edges and detect true edges while suppressing noise through the different stages of processing.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views24 pages

    עיבוד תמונה- הרצאות - Canny Edge Detection

    Uploaded by

    Ron
    The Canny edge detector provides a more robust method for edge detection compared to traditional gradient-based methods. It applies Gaussian smoothing to reduce noise, calculates the gradient magnitude and orientation, performs non-maximum suppression to thin edges, and applies hysteresis thresholding using two thresholds to detect strong and weak edges while linking edge pixels. This approach helps produce one-pixel wide edges and detect true edges while suppressing noise through the different stages of processing.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    Canny Edge Detection

    Our goal is to extract


    a line drawing
    representation from
    an image
    Useful for recognition:
    edges contain shape
    information
    invariance
    What is an Edge?
    (1) (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    (1) (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    Edges: Sudden changes in certain image properties that extend along a contour
    The perception of edges changes with scale
    Edge map of an image is very informative
    From Prof. Al Bovik
    Motivation
    Detect sudden changes in image intensity
    Gradient: sensitive to intensity changes
    Gradient-Based Methods
    T
    y
    f
    x
    f
    f
    (

    =
    Gradient
    operator
    image
    Thresholding
    edge
    map
    x(m,n)
    g(m,n)
    e(m,n)

    >
    =
    otherwise
    T n m g
    n m e
    0
    | ) , ( | 1
    ) , (
    Gradient:
    edge pixel threshold
    non edge pixel
    Gradient Operators
    Gradient-Based Methods
    (

    0 1
    1 0
    (

    1 0
    0 1
    (
    (
    (

    1 0 1
    1 0 1
    1 0 1
    (
    (
    (


    1 1 1
    0 0 0
    1 1 1
    (
    (
    (

    1 0 1
    2 0 2
    1 0 1
    (
    (
    (


    1 2 1
    0 0 0
    1 2 1
    Robert:
    Prewitt:
    Sobel:
    g
    1
    g
    2
    ) , ( ) , (
    ) , (
    2
    2
    2
    1
    n m g n m g
    n m g
    +
    =
    (

    =
    ) , (
    ) , (
    ) , (
    2
    1
    n m g
    n m g
    n m g
    Local gradient vector:
    Gradient magnitude:
    ) , ( ) , (
    2 1
    n m g n m g +
    Approximation:
    Generalization: Compass Operator
    Gradient-Based Methods
    maximal magnitude:
    Thresholding
    edge image
    (
    (
    (

    1 0 1
    1 0 1
    1 0 1
    (
    (
    (


    1 1 1
    0 0 0
    1 1 1
    (
    (
    (

    1 1 1
    0 0 0
    1 1 1
    (
    (
    (

    1 0 1
    1 0 1
    1 0 1
    (
    (
    (



    1 1 0
    1 0 1
    0 1 1
    (
    (
    (


    1 1 0
    1 0 1
    0 1 1
    (
    (
    (

    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    (
    (
    (


    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    |} ) , ( {| max ) , ( n m g n m q
    k
    k
    =
    Sobel Edge Detector
    I
    dx
    d
    I
    dy
    d
    I
    Sobel Edge Detector
    I
    2
    2
    |
    |

    \
    |
    +
    |

    \
    |
    = I
    dy
    d
    I
    dx
    d
    100 = Threshold
    Gradient-Based Methods
    original image
    ) , ( ) , (
    2 1
    n m g n m g + ) , (
    2
    n m g
    ) , (
    1
    n m g
    From [Gonzalez & Woods]
    Use to estimate the gradient
    magnitude, and use T = 5 as the threshold for edge detection
    Use to estimate the gradient
    magnitude, and use T = 20 as the threshold for edge detection
    Use Sobel gradient operator to find its edges
    Examples
    ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
    2
    2
    2
    1
    n m g n m g n m g + =
    ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
    2 1
    n m g n m g n m g + =
    A 9x9 original
    image is given by
    9
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    3
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2
    2 2 2
    9
    9
    9
    2
    2
    9 9 9 9 9
    9 8 9 9 9
    9 9 9 9 9
    9 9 9 9 9
    7 9 9 9 9
    2
    2
    4
    2
    2
    2
    1 2 2
    2 2 2
    2
    2
    2
    2 9 9 9 9 2
    9 9 9 9 2
    9 9 9 2 2
    9 9 2 2 2
    Use Sobel gradient operator
    Examples
    original
    image
    g
    1
    g
    2
    = ) , ( n m g
    ) , (
    1
    n m g
    ) , (
    2
    n m g
    ) , ( n m e
    edge map
    thresholding
    T = 20
    (
    (
    (

    1 0 1
    2 0 2
    1 0 1
    (
    (
    (


    1 2 1
    0 0 0
    1 2 1
    ) , ( ) , (
    2 1
    n m g n m g +
    -20
    -21
    -28
    -26
    -21 0
    0
    -7
    -28
    0 2 0
    0 1 0
    4 0 -7
    0
    2
    4
    -1
    -7 2
    -21
    -7
    -28 2 0 -21
    0 -7 -28
    -7 -21 -21
    -2
    -8
    0
    1
    0
    0
    -7 -27 -21 2 0 0 -1
    -6 -12
    -7
    -1
    0
    -9
    0 0
    -6
    -14
    -15
    -7
    0 0 0 0
    2 1 0 -7
    -2 0 0 -7
    0 0 -7 -14
    0
    -5
    0
    -4
    2 4
    0
    -1
    -7 2 0 -7 -14
    0 -7 -14 -7
    -7 -21 -21 -7
    40 26
    40
    16
    28
    42
    14 4
    0
    14
    28
    42
    0 2 0
    2 2 0
    4 0 0
    4 0 28
    2 6
    0 4
    14
    28 0 14 42
    14 42 42
    14
    2
    2
    4
    6
    0
    0 28 42 4 0 14 0
    1 1
    1
    0
    1
    1
    0 0
    0
    0
    1
    1
    0 0 0
    0 0 0
    0 0 0
    0 0 1
    0 0
    0 0
    0
    1 0 0 1
    0 1 1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0 1 1 0 0 0 0
    Note: 7x7 images (because of boundary problems)
    Gradient-Based Methods:
    Problems with standard gradient edge detectors
    noise-sensitive;
    thick edge;
    broken edge contour;
    hard to pick threshold
    Canny Edge Detector
    image
    smoothing with Gaussian
    differentiating along x and y axis
    finds peaks in gradient image
    thinning (locating edge strings)
    edge map
    thresholding
    Canny
    Edge
    Detector
    Smoothing
    Reduce image noise by smoothing with
    a Gaussian
    Edge orientation
    Would like gradients in all directions
    Approximate:
    Compute smoothed derivatives in x,y
    directions
    Edge strength
    Edge normal
    Canny Edge Detection
    Compute edge strength and orientation at
    all pixels
    Non-max suppression
    Reduce thick edge strength responses around
    true edges
    Link and threshold using hysteresis
    Simple method of contour completion
    Non-Max Supression
    Suppress non-maxima pixels in the edges
    in obtained above to thin the edge ridges
    To do so, check to see whether each non-
    zero is greater than its two neighbors
    along the gradient direction . If so, keep
    unchanged, otherwise, set it to 0
    Non-maximum suppression
    Check if pixel is local maximum along
    gradient direction
    requires checking interpolated pixels p and r
    Thresholding Dilemma
    Define a threshold in the magnitude-image
    Assume high magnitudes originate from
    objects
    Dilemma:
    Too high threshold:
    Remove noise
    Remove small edges
    Too low threshold:
    Keep noise
    Keep small edges
    Edge Hysteresis
    Hysteresis: A lag or momentum factor
    Idea: Maintain two thresholds k
    high
    and k
    low
    Use k
    high
    to find strong edges to start edge
    chain
    Use k
    low
    to find weak edges which continue
    edge chain
    Typical ratio of thresholds is roughly
    k
    high
    / k
    low
    = 2
    Hysteresis Thresholding
    If the gradient at a pixel is above High, declare
    it an edge pixel
    If the gradient at a pixel is below Low, declare it
    a non-edge-pixel
    If the gradient at a pixel is between Low and
    High then declare it an edge pixel if and only if
    it is connected to an edge pixel directly or via
    pixels between Low and High
    original image horizontally filtered vertically filtered
    gradient magnitude after thresholding after thinning
    Gradient-Based Methods: Canny Edge Detector
    Effect of (Gaussian kernel size)
    Canny with Canny with original
    The choice of depends on desired behavior
    large detects large scale edges
    small detects fine features
    Problem?
    Texture
    Canny edge detection responds all over
    textured regions

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