Personal Brain User Guide

Companion for using Version 4 of PersonalBrain.
Posted December 10, 2008
©
2008. TheBrain Technologies LP. All Rights Reserved.
TheBrain, PersonalBrain, Brain, Thought, Thoughts, and Work the Way You Think are trademarks or registered trademarks of
TheBrain Technologies LP. Other trademarks or service marks appearing herein are the property of their respective owners.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction .....................................................................................................................1
Thoughts are Information ......................................................................................1
Dynamic Graphical Interface .................................................................................2
Operating Systems ................................................................................................2
About this Guide ....................................................................................................2
Note to Macintosh Users .......................................................................................3
Brain Terminology .................................................................................................3
Opening Older Brains ............................................................................................7
Suggestions for Transitioning to Your New Brain..................................................9
A Guided Tour of Personal Brain ................................................................................10
Part 1: Explore the PersonalBrain Window .........................................................10
Part 2: Create New Thoughts ..............................................................................13
Part 3: Find, Add Attachments, Link, and Delete Thoughts.................................17
Understanding Thought Relationships .......................................................................27
Families of Thoughts ...........................................................................................29
Navigating Your Brain ..................................................................................................31
Opening Content .................................................................................................32
Previewing Thought Content ...............................................................................32
Pins .....................................................................................................................33
Activating Recent Thoughts: The Past Thought List ...........................................34
Instant Activation .................................................................................................35
Customizing Your Brain’s Environment .....................................................................37
PersonalBrain’s Default Settings .........................................................................37
Customizing The PersonalBrain Window ............................................................38
Maximizing and Restoring the Plex .....................................................................38
Moving and Resizing the Plex .............................................................................39
Customizing Your Brain’s Appearance................................................................40
Themes.......................................................................................................... 40
Wallpaper ...................................................................................................... 43
PersonalBrain Toolbar................................................................................... 44
Setting Other Preferences ...................................................................................45
Creating Thoughts ........................................................................................................47
Creating a Single Thought...................................................................................47
Creating Multiple Thoughts at Once ....................................................................48
Naming Your Thoughts .......................................................................................49
“Comma Trick” #1: Same Name/Different Parent......................................... 49
PersonalBrain User Guide i

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“Comma Trick” #2: Incorporating the Parent Thought’s Name ..................... 51

Swapping a Thought’s Name with its Label.........................................................51
Copying Thoughts Within and Between Brains ...................................................52
Undoing and Redoing Actions .............................................................................55
Editing Thoughts and Links .........................................................................................56
Renaming Thoughts ............................................................................................56
Deleting and Forgetting Thoughts .......................................................................57
Selecting Multiple Thoughts ................................................................................60
Advanced Selection....................................................................................... 62
Other Selection Uses..................................................................................... 62
Unlinking Thoughts..............................................................................................63
Linking Existing Thoughts ...................................................................................63
Link to Thoughts Visible in the Plex............................................................... 63
Link to Thoughts Not Visible in the Plex ........................................................ 64
Link by Dragging to a Pin .............................................................................. 64
Link by Dragging to the Past Thought List..................................................... 65
Link by Selecting a Thought in the Create Child Dialog Box ......................... 65
Link Using the Selection ................................................................................ 66
Changing Relationships Using Drag and Drop....................................................67
Managing Thought and Link Properties......................................................................68
Changing the Appearance of a Thought .............................................................68
Thought Drop Shadows and Backgrounds.................................................... 68
Changing the Size of Thought Text ............................................................... 69
Changing a Thought’s Text Color.................................................................. 70
Adding a Label to a Thought ...............................................................................70
Attaching Images to Thoughts.............................................................................71
Organizing Thoughts by “Type” ...........................................................................73
Creating a Thought Type............................................................................... 74
Assigning a Thought Type............................................................................. 74
Editing a Thought Type ................................................................................. 75
Deleting a Thought Type ............................................................................... 75
Super Types .................................................................................................. 75
Making Thoughts Private.....................................................................................75
Changing the Appearance of a Link ....................................................................76
Creating Types for Links .....................................................................................77
Adding Files, Web Pages, and Folders .......................................................................79
Opening and Renaming Attachments .................................................................79
Drag and Drop .....................................................................................................80
Adding Attachments Using Drag and Drop.................................................... 80
Copying and Moving to Other Locations with Drag and Drop ....................... 82
PersonalBrain User Guide ii

Table of Contents
Moving a File into a Brain After It Is Attached to a Thought .......................... 83

Moving a File Out of PersonalBrain............................................................... 83
Copy and Paste ...................................................................................................83
Copying an Attachment from One Thought to Another ................................. 84
Using the Save As Command .............................................................................84
Attachment List Context Menus...........................................................................84
File Attachment Context Menu ...................................................................... 85
URL Attachment Context Menu..................................................................... 86
Attachment List Settings......................................................................................86
Working with Multiple Attachments......................................................................87
Creating Virtual Thoughts by Dragging and Dropping Folders............................89
Adding a Template File to Your Brain..................................................................91
Advanced Navigation and Expanded Views ...............................................................93
Changing How You View Your Thoughts ............................................................93
Using Expanded Thoughts View .........................................................................94
Expanding All Thoughts by One Generation ................................................. 96
Collapsing All Thoughts................................................................................. 96
Expanding and Collapsing Individual Thoughts............................................. 97
Panning and Scaling the Expanded View...................................................... 97
Adjusting the Distance Between Thoughts.................................................... 97
Dragging Thoughts to Different Locations in the Plex ................................... 98
Scroll Bars ...........................................................................................................99
Filtering Thoughts from the View.........................................................................99
Using Your Brain’s Extra Sensory Perception (ESP) ........................................101
Setting ESP Sync Preferences.................................................................... 102
Using PersonalBrain Tools ........................................................................................104
Tools Overview..................................................................................................104
Notes .................................................................................................................109
Using Notes Menu Commands.................................................................... 109
Using the Notes Toolbar.............................................................................. 110
Entering Notes............................................................................................. 110
Saving Notes ............................................................................................... 111
Printing Notes .............................................................................................. 111
Checking Your Spelling ............................................................................... 111
Copying Formatting ..................................................................................... 112
Inserting Tables ........................................................................................... 113
Embedding Hyperlinks................................................................................. 115
Counting Your Words .................................................................................. 116
Properties & Attachments..................................................................................117
Using the Properties & Attachments Toolbar .............................................. 118
Keeping Properties & Attachments Open.................................................... 118
PersonalBrain User Guide iii

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Details ...............................................................................................................119
Search ...............................................................................................................119
Using the Search Toolbar............................................................................ 120
Performing an Extended Search ................................................................. 121
Fine-Tuning Your Extended Searches ........................................................ 122
Using Advanced Search Features............................................................... 123
Customizing how Search Results are Handled ........................................... 125
Reports ..............................................................................................................127
Customizing Reports ................................................................................... 127
Calendar............................................................................................................130
Adding an Event .......................................................................................... 130
Viewing Events ............................................................................................ 132
Navigating Your Calendar ........................................................................... 132
Marking Events as Complete....................................................................... 133
Deleting an Event ........................................................................................ 134
Snoozing and Dismissing Events ................................................................ 134
Printing Your Brain .....................................................................................................135
Using Outlook with Your Brain ..................................................................................137
Adding Contacts to Thoughts ............................................................................137
Adding Messages to Thoughts ..........................................................................138
Adding Other Outlook Objects with Drag and Drop...........................................138
Copying Contacts into Notes .............................................................................138
Emailing Attachments........................................................................................138
Sharing Your Brain .....................................................................................................140
Exporting Your Brain to a SiteBrain Web Site ...................................................140
Exporting Your Brain as a Simple HTML...........................................................142
Exporting Your Brain as XML for BrainEKP ......................................................144
Using BrainZip to Send Your Brain to Others....................................................144
Merging Brains ..................................................................................................145
Copying Thoughts into Other Applications as an Outline ..................................146
Importing Outlines from Word or Excel into a Brain ..........................................147
Backing Up Your Brain ......................................................................................149
Looking Under the Hood: Where Your Brain Stores Content ............................149
Lookup Reference for All Menu Commands.............................................................150
File Menu...........................................................................................................150
Edit Menu ..........................................................................................................153
Thought Menu ...................................................................................................156
Options Menu ....................................................................................................159
Window Menu....................................................................................................161
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Help Menu .........................................................................................................162

Notes Tool File Menu ........................................................................................163
Notes Tool Edit Menu ........................................................................................164
Notes Tool View Menu ......................................................................................165
Notes Tool Insert Menu .....................................................................................166
Notes Tool Format Menu...................................................................................167
Notes Tool Tools Menu .....................................................................................169
Notes Tool Table Menu .....................................................................................169
Appendix A – Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................173
Appendix B – Some Sample Brain Applications ......................................................175
Project Management Brain ................................................................................175
Hobby and Special Interest Brain ......................................................................177
Travel Brain .......................................................................................................179
Personal or Business Finance Brain .................................................................180
Research and Analysis Brain ............................................................................181
“My People Network” Brain ...............................................................................182
“Thanksgiving” Brain .........................................................................................183
Glossary.......................................................................................................................184
Index.............................................................................................................................188
PersonalBrain User Guide v

Introduction
Introduction
Welcome to PersonalBrain™, the first software package that lets you use your
computer the way you use your mind—intuitively. PersonalBrain’s easy-to-use
visual interface integrates information from the Internet and all your applications,
allowing you the freedom to think less about your computer and more about your
work and interests. Your mind works in a way that is unique to you; PersonalBrain
allows you to organize your information in the same way, without limiting you to a
pre-determined file structure.
PersonalBrain uses a brand new data format called Thoughts, to mirror the way
you use your mind. The human mind is a container for a virtually limitless number
of Thoughts. The wonder of the mind, and the source of human creativity, is the
connectedness of all these Thoughts. Intelligence comes from the mind’s ability
to think associatively—that is, to leap from Thought to Thought, building webs of
greater and greater complexity, until new ideas are built. Associations are our
inspirations.
Figure 1. PersonalBrain Interface
Thoughts are Information

PersonalBrain Thoughts can represent just about any type of information,
including concepts, people, documents, spreadsheets, images, shortcuts, and
Web pages. By letting you create links and associations between Thoughts,
PersonalBrain expands to become a visual interface that reflects the way you
think.
PersonalBrain User Guide 1

Introduction
Using simple click-and-drag techniques, you’ll be able to create and navigate

through networks of Thoughts in a conceptual space unique to your work habits.
When you begin using PersonalBrain, you will find that your computer becomes
easier to use—faster, more enjoyable, and less frustrating—helping you use your
time more efficiently.
Dynamic Graphical Interface

PersonalBrain lets you create a simple, dynamic graphical map in which to input
and navigate all your information. Your Brain starts with a single Thought, to
which several other Thoughts can be visually linked. These Thoughts have their
own links to other Thoughts, and, possibly, to each other. PersonalBrain’s flexible
structure allows any Thought to be linked to any other Thought, so you are never
more than a few steps away from the information you are seeking. It’s simple to
make connections between Thoughts so that they reflect the connections you
make in your mind.
Operating Systems
PersonalBrain data is accessible from multiple platforms. The Brain file format is
compatible across Operating Systems. PersonalBrain currently runs on
Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Unix.
About this Guide

The following set of icons are used throughout this guide to flag categories of
information:
This icon is used to identify notes.
This icon is used to flag tips and suggestions.
PersonalBrain is offered in three editions—Free, Core, and Pro. Icons are used
throughout the guide to flag features that are specific to the Core and Pro
editions. Features that are available in all editions are not designated with a
special icon.
This icon is used to indicate that the feature is available in both the Pro and Core
editions. (Note that all features available in the Core edition are also available in
the Pro edition.)
This icon is used to indicate that the feature is available in the Pro edition only.
PersonalBrain operates under multiple Operating Systems—Windows, Mac, and

Linux/Unix. OS-specific features are flagged with icons throughout the guide.
Features that are available for all Operating Systems are not designated with a
special icon.

Introduction
This icon is used to indicate that the information applies only to computers
running Windows 2000, XP, and Vista.
This icon is used to indicate that the information applies only to computers
running Mac OS X 10.3+.
This icon is used to indicate that the information applies only to Linux/Unix.
In addition:
Labels Names of buttons, menus, commands, keys, and icons appear in this font
throughout the guide in order to stand out.
Note to Macintosh Users
Right-clicking: Most features in PersonalBrain can be accessed with just a

single click of your primary mouse button. However, there are several context-
sensitive shortcuts available in context menus which appear when right-clicking.
On a Macintosh, many systems do not have a right mouse button. To access a
context menu, just hold down the Control key while you click. Note that many
mice can be set up to interpret clicks on each side of the main button differently
so that Control-clicking is not necessary. To enable this, alter the Mouse settings
in the System Preferences area of your Mac.
Brain Terminology
Here is a list of working definitions for the basic terms used throughout
PersonalBrain.
Brain A collection of associated Thoughts, each of which can have

content. You can create multiple Brains.
Thought The topics that you link together in your Brain are called
Thoughts and are the basic unit of a Brain. A Thought can
represent anything you want it to. It can include an icon, notes,
or one or more attachments (such as files and Web sites) or it
can have no content at all and simply act as a subject heading
or organizer. Minimally, a Thought has a name.
Plex The visible, graphical portion of your Brain that displays your
Thoughts.
Tools Window The portion of the Brain window that displays tabs for
PersonalBrain’s six Tools—Notes, Properties & Attachments,
Details, Search, Reports, and Calendar.

Introduction
Figure 2. PersonalBrain Plex and Tools Window
Active The active Thought appears in the center of the Plex and is the
Thought current focus. The active Thought’s details are described in the
Properties & Attachments tab and any notes you have
entered for it appear in the Notes tab.
Figure 3. What a Thought Looks Like

Introduction
As shown below, when you click a Thought it moves to the center of the Plex and
it becomes the active Thought.
Figure 4. Activating a Thought
Thought A Thought is said to be a “parent Thought,” “child Thought,”

Relationships “sibling Thought,” or “jump Thought” based on its relationship to
other Thoughts with which it is linked.
In your own life, you may be someone’s parent, and someone’s

child, and someone’s sibling, and someone’s peer, advisor, or
colleague. So, who are you? The answer to that question is
relative—it depends on the circumstances and what hat you’re
wearing at the moment.
Figure 5. Relationships are Relative to You

Introduction
The same applies to Thoughts. The relationships between

Thoughts are displayed automatically, based on which Thought
is active at the moment.
Whether a Thought is a parent, child, or sibling depends on its

current relationship to the active Thought.
Figure 6. Thought Relationships are Relative to the Active Thought
Child Thought Child Thoughts are subtopics of the active Thought. They
appear in the “child zone,” below the active Thought. In the
picture above, the active Thought “Hobbies” has four child
Thoughts.
Parent Parent Thoughts represent super ordinate topics or the active

Thought Thought. They appear in the parent zone, above the active
Thought.
Sibling Sibling Thoughts share a parent with the active Thought. They
Thought appear in the sibling zone, to the right of the active Thought. In
the picture above, “Entertainment” and “Family” are siblings of
“Hobbies” because they are all children of “Personal.”
Jump Jump Thoughts are related to the active Thought but are
Thought neither child nor parent topics. They appear in the jump zone to
the left of the active Thought. Jump Thoughts have an “equal
weight” relationship with the Thought to which they are related.
For example, as shown above, “Hobbies” has the various
hobbies “Ballet,” “Banjo,” “Golf” and “Hockey” linked as child
Thoughts since they are types of hobbies. “Budget” affects the
amount of resources available to spend on the various hobbies
and so it is closely related, but it is not a hobby itself.
Therefore, it makes a perfect jump Thought―related, but not
part of the main Thought grouping.

Introduction
Gate Thoughts in the Plex have three circular “gates,” each of which
is used to link a specific type of relation: The parent gate is
above a Thought, the child gate is below it, and the jump gate
is beside it. A gate is hollow when there are no links attached to
it, and solid when one or more links are attached. Gates are
highlighted in green when there are other Thoughts linked to
them that are not currently visible.
Figure 7. Thought Gates
Link A link is the line that connects two Thoughts. When used as a
verb, to “link” is the act of connecting Thoughts to establish
close relationships.
Opening Older Brains

If you have been using a previous version of PersonalBrain you may want to
download “PersonalBrain 4 Transition Guide” and/or “PersonalBrain 4.5 Transition
Guide” at http://www.thebrain.com/manual. You will find complete information
about what is new and different in the current version.
When you’re looking at old and new Brain files, note that Brains created in
PersonalBrain 4 have filename extensions of .brain. Brains created in earlier
versions have a .brn filename extension. To open a Brain that you created in an
earlier version:
1. Start up PersonalBrain 4.
2. Click the File menu, click the Open command, navigate to the Brain of your
choice, then click the Open button when the file is selected. The following
message box will be displayed:

Introduction
Figure 8. Convert Brain Message Box
3. Click the Yes button and PersonalBrain will create a new copy of this Brain
in PersonalBrain 4 format. The information will be stored in the same
location as the original file. The following message box will be displayed:
Figure 9. Preferences for File Conversion
4. By default, PersonalBrain 4 includes both private and forgotten Thoughts in

the converted file. Uncheck the appropriate box if you don’t want to include
these Thoughts, then click the OK button.
As PersonalBrain converts your Brain, you will see a running account of its
progress. Upon completion, you will see a message that lets you know the
process is complete; your converted Brain will appear in the Plex.
Figure 10. Successful Conversion Message
The original Brain in the old file format will still be available and will remain in the
original location unless you move or delete it.
Brains are upwardly compatible—you may open (and convert) earlier Brains in
PersonalBrain 4, however, PersonalBrain 4 Brains will not open in earlier
program versions.

Introduction
Suggestions for Transitioning to Your New Brain

Here are some tips for establishing a happy relationship with your Brain:
Begin by taking yourself on the guided tour provided in the next section of this guide.
As you pass through the exit turnstile, you’ll already have hands-on skills for getting
your Brain up and running quickly and easily. You may also want to attend one of
TheBrain’s free online seminars on getting started―PersonalBrain 101. To learn
more about PersonalBrain 101, go to http://www.thebrain.com/pb101.
Avoid “converting” to a Brain-only environment all at once. Make the transition on

a file-by-file basis so that every piece of information your Brain contains will be
useful.
Build your Brain as you go—associating Thoughts as they occur naturally.
Avoid the temptation to move large folders into your Brain. PersonalBrain can
handle this, but your Brain will be cluttered with Thoughts you may not need;
trying to create the proper links between relevant Thoughts could become a
chore.
Remember that your first Brain doesn’t need to be your only Brain or your last
Brain. Experiment! Create a Brain just for fun, to try out the possibilities—give
yourself room to stretch and explore. Your Brain is waiting!

A Guided Tour of Personal Brain

The best way to build your comfort level with your Brain is to build one yourself—
with your very own hands. This guided tour will walk you through the basics,
pointing out items of interest along the way. There’s no need to take notes and
you’ll never get left behind, because you’ll be going at the most strategic pace—
your own.
During this tour, you’ll be asked to enter specific information to make it easier to
refer to items and areas as the tour proceeds. Naturally, when you’re on your
own, you’ll use your own ideas to create Brains that reflect your thinking.
Here are the sign posts you’ll see along the way:
Enter here—the startup action for this phase of your guided tour
Point of interest—take out your virtual camera
Tip—where you can find more details about this step your guided tour
Take five—this is a good place to take a break if you want one
Exit here—this marks the end of your guided tour
Let’s go!
Part 1: Explore the PersonalBrain Window

Itinerary: You’ll start up PersonalBrain, create a new Brain, and tour through the
components of the PersonalBrain window.
Start up PersonalBrain, unless it’s already running. You can select PersonalBrain
from the Start menu.
Figure 11. Starting PersonalBrain
1. Click the File menu, then click the New Brain command.
2. In the empty field, type: Tour

Figure 12. New Brain Dialog Box
Notice that the Location field displays the path of the folder in which your
Brain will be created. You can use the Browse button to change the
location, if necessary.
3. Press the Enter key or click the OK button to finish creating a new Brain
named “Tour.”
Your screen should look similar to this:
Figure 13. The Parts of the PersonalBrain Window
PersonalBrain creates your first Thought for you. It has the same name as your
Brain. Since it’s the only Thought, it’s also the “active Thought”—the Thought
that’s currently selected.

The PersonalBrain Toolbar
Figure 14. PersonalBrain Toolbar
1. Point at each one of the buttons in the PersonalBrain toolbar so that you
see a brief explanation in the pop-up tool tip.
2. Click the Add Brain button to add “Tour” to the toolbar. Now you’ll be able
to return to this Brain when any other Brain is open.
The PersonalBrain Tools
Figure 15. A Note in the Notes Tab
1. Click in the empty white space of the Notes tab in the Tools window, then
type: My tour of PB. You’ve just created your first Note, which is
associated with the “Active Thought”—Tour.
2. Click the Details tab to see the active Thought’s details.
3. Click the Notes tab again. Did you notice that there was no need to save
your Note? There’s no need to save Notes, even if you activate other
Thoughts or close your Brain. They are saved automatically.
4. Click any of the other tabs if you want a quick peek, but return to the Notes
tab when you’re done.

Tip: See the section beginning on page 105 for details about working with the
Notes Tool.
Window Behavior Options
1. Click the Window menu and note what the current selections are so you
can return to them later if you want.
2. Select one of the auto-hide options, then click outside of the PersonalBrain
window.
3. Click the Brain button to reactivate your Brain. The button will be located
on whatever side of the screen you selected via the auto-hide option.
Figure 16. Display Personal Brain
4. Click the Window menu, then click the Float command.
Tip: See the Window Menu section beginning on page 161 for details about
controlling the behavior of the PersonalBrain window.
Part 2: Create New Thoughts

Itinerary: You’ll create a single Thought, multiple Thoughts, a Thought from an
existing file, and a Thought “pin,” and modify the relationship between two
Thoughts.
Your Tour Brain should be on the screen, as you left it in Part 1.
1. The three circles surrounding the Tour Thought are called “gates.” The
bottom circle is called the child gate because it provides a gateway towards
creating a child Thought. Drag the mouse from the child gate down a short
distance, then release the mouse button. The Create Child dialog will
open.
Tip: If you prefer not to drag the mouse to create a Thought, right-click the Tour
Thought and then click the Create Child command on the context menu.

Figure 17. Dragging from the Child Gate
2. In the empty field, type: PB Buddies
This Thought will organize Thoughts about people you’re going to talk to
about how they use PersonalBrain, so you can share experiences.
3. Press the Enter key (or click the green button showing the check mark). A
“pulsing” circle appears around a new Thought for a few seconds,
highlighting it for easy visibility. Your Tour Thought now has a child Thought
named “PB Buddies.”
Creating Multiple Thoughts at Once
You can create more than one Thought at a time by using a semicolon to
separate each Thought.
1. Create four new child Thoughts for Tour, all at the same time. To begin,
drag Tour’s child gate down a bit, then release the mouse button.
2. In the empty field, type: Tips; Reminders; To-Do on Breaks; New Brain
Ideas
Figure 18. Multiple Thoughts at Once
Tip: The semicolon (;) between each Thought name tells PersonalBrain that
these are separate Thoughts.
3. Press the Enter key (or click the green button with the check mark).

Create a Thought by Dragging and Dropping an Existing File
You can create a Thought by dragging a file from the desktop or from your file
manager (such as File Explorer on Windows or Finder on a Mac). The new
Thought will have the same name as the file (minus its extension) and it will
automatically have the file as an attachment. You’ll learn more about
attachments in the next part of this tour.
1. Choose any file, from your desktop or from any other location. Your original
file will not be affected by being moved into your Tour Brain.
2. Size the PersonalBrain window so that you can also see either the portion
of the desktop containing the file you’re going to use or the window in which
the file is listed.
3. Drag the file into the Plex.
Figure 19. File Dragged into Plex Becomes a Thought
The new Thought will appear in the Plex and it will include an icon that
represents the type of file. Any time you click this icon in the Plex, the
related file will open.
If PersonalBrain is in auto-hide mode, dragging the file to the PersonalBrain icon

opens the window automatically. See Customizing The PersonalBrain Window
on page 38 for information about the different way the PersonalBrain window can
operate.

Thought Pins
Figure 20. Thought Pins in an Existing Brain
The area just below the PersonalBrain toolbar functions like a bulletin board on
which you can “thumbtack” Thoughts you want to keep at your fingertips. These
quick-access shortcuts to Thoughts are called “pins.” No matter where you are in
the Plex, the pins remain visible.
1. Right-click the Thought named Reminders, then click Create Pin on the
context menu.
2. You can now navigate to any other Thought in the Plex. When you want to
return to the Reminders Thought, click the pin to get there instantly.
Relationship Changes
1. Create a new child of Tour named “Experiments.” (Drag from Tour’s child
gate down a bit, type: Experiments and then press the Enter key.)
2. Now you’ve decided that the Experiments Thought should really have an
equal relationship with Tour, and not be one of its children—because you’ll
use experimenting as much as touring to develop your Brain skills.

Drag Experiments up to the left side of the Plex so that it is level with Tour,
then release the mouse button.
Figure 21. Dragging a Thought to Change its Relationship
Tip: See the section beginning on page 51 for details about changing Thought
relationships.
This is a good place for a break if you’d like to take one. You can leave your
Brain open or close the PersonalBrain window. Just start up PersonalBrain again
when you’re ready to continue.
Part 3: Find, Add Attachments, Link, and Delete Thoughts

Itinerary: You’ll find Thoughts, add an attachment to a Thought, add a Web page
to a Thought, use a Thought to open an application, link some Thoughts, and
delete a Thought.
Your Tour Brain should be on the screen, as you left it in Part 2. You’ll begin by
creating a few more Thoughts for a little more scenery along the way.
1. Create four new child Thoughts for PB Buddies: John; Jill; Fred; Ann
(Drag from PB Buddies’ child gate, then type each name, separated by a
semicolon, then press the Enter key.)

Figure 22. Four New Thoughts
PB Buddies should be the active Thought—you should see the rotating

active Thought indicator behind the Thought and it should be in the middle
of the Plex.
2. Enter a Note for PB Buddies: We should compare Brains sometime
3. Point the mouse at the Tour Thought and notice how the Note changes.
Then point back to the active Thought and see how the Note reflects the
Thought being pointed to.
4. Click the pin you created previously to go quickly to your Reminders

Thought.

Instant Activation
“Instant Activation” is a PersonalBrain feature that lets you quickly find a Thought
by typing a few letters, and choosing from a list of “hits.” After you click the
Thought of your choice, that Thought is automatically activated.
Say you’re ready to work with Fred’s Thought—you want to add an attachment to
it. With such a small Brain, you could click around and find it pretty quickly, or
you could speed things up:
1. Click in the Search field and type: f
Figure 23. Instant Activation
Because you only have one Thought that begins with the letter “f,” it is
found instantly. If other Thoughts begin with the same letter you will see
them in the box. The more characters you type, the more finely-tuned your
search will become.
2. Click on “Fred” in the one-item list above the Search field where you typed
the “f.” Fred will be activated.
3. Type the letter “j” in the Search field to activating Jill. Notice that the two
Thoughts beginning with the letter “j” appear in the list. Activate Jill.
Tip: See the Search section beginning on page 119 for details about more
complex searching and the Navigating Your Brain section on page 31 for more
on cruising around your Brain.

Attachments
1. Back to Fred. Activate Fred by clicking his Thought.
2. Click the Add Attachment button in the Properties & Attachments tab of
the Tools window.
Figure 24. Add an Attachment
3. You can add an existing file or you can create a new one. For now, select
an existing file on your computer. To do so, click the Link to File button.
4. Navigate to any file on your computer, then click the Open button to attach
it to the active Thought.
Notice that the filename appears in the Properties & Attachments tab’s
list section. Now you can click on it at any time to open the file. You might
use this function to add a photo of Fred, or a file you’re collaborating on, or
notes about a project you’re completing together.

Web Page Thoughts
1. Activate the John Thought.
2. Open your browser and navigate to a Web page of your choice.
3. Arrange the browser window and the Personal Brain window so that you
can see at least part of both of them.
4. Drag from the address bar icon in your browser to the active Thought
(John).
Figure 25. Inserting a Web Page as an Attachment
A link to the Web page will be added to the attachment list and you can launch
the page by clicking on it whenever John is the active Thought. Or, you can click
the icon in the Thought whenever it is visible in the Plex, whether John is the
active Thought or not.
Tip: If you want to create a new Thought for the Web page instead of adding it to
existing Thought, just drag and drop the page icon to a blank area of the Plex
and a child Thought will be created. See the Adding Files, Web Pages, and
Folders section beginning on page 79 for details about attachments.

Creating Attachments from a Thought
1. Activate the New Brain Ideas Thought by typing an “n” in the Search field
and then clicking on “New Brain Ideas” in the list.
2. Click the Add Attachment button.
3. Click Microsoft Word Document (assuming this application is installed on

your computer—if not, select any other application in the list).
If you are not using Windows, there will not be any automatically created
file types to select from. To create files from within PersonalBrain, you’ll
need to add some file templates first:
Click the Templates… button to open the folder where templates are
stored, then copy empty files of the types you want to be able to create
from within PersonalBrain into the folder.
When you are done, click the Add Attachment button again and chose
one of the templates you added.
Once you select a file type, two things will happen:
First, a new file will be created and added to the Thought (in this
example, a Microsoft Word document named “New Brain Ideas”).
Second, the file will be automatically opened so that you can work on it
(in this case, starting Microsoft Word).
After you add content to the document and save it, it will be saved internally
within your Brain. When you click on the Thought, the document will open
again.
4. Close the document before moving on to the next section.

Linking Thoughts
One of the most powerful features of PersonalBrain is the ability to connect

Thoughts to each other. Remember, you can connect any Thought to any other
Thought. For example, say one of your PB Buddies, Ann, is full of ideas on how
to use your Brain. You might want to link her to the New Brain Ideas Thought.
1. Activate the New Brain Ideas Thought.
2. Drag from the jump gate on the left side of New Brain Ideas as if you are
going to create a new jump Thought and release the mouse button.
3. Type the first few letters of the Thought you want to connect (Ann) in the
Create Jump dialog box. Notice that the existing Thought is displayed in the
list below.
4. Select the existing Thought from the list and then click the check mark.

Figure 26. Jump Thought Linked to an Existing Thought
Now that Ann is connected to New Brain Ideas, whenever you look at this
Thought, her Thought will be just a click away. Also, when you are at Ann’s
Thought, this Thought will be conveniently available.
There are many ways to link existing Thoughts. The method above is convenient
when the Thoughts you want to connect are not both visible, however if the
Thoughts are both visible, you can simply draw the link between the two, starting
from the either one of the Thought’s gates. Both the Past Thought List below the
Plex and the pins can be used for linking Thoughts visually. When you connect
two Thoughts visually, the resulting relationship will be determined by which gate
you selected to start the linking―it does not matter where you release the mouse
button over the destination Thought.

Forgetting and Deleting Thoughts
If you’ve entered a Thought in error or you simply don’t need to keep it around
anymore, you can easily remove it from your Brain. PersonalBrain uses offers
two ways to remove Thoughts, forgetting and deleting. When a Thought is
forgotten, it can be remembered later if need be, however deleting is permanent.
Let’s forget the Thought Jill.
1. Make PB Buddies the active Thought.
2. Right-click the Jill Thought.
3. Click the Forget command on the context menu, then click the OK button
to confirm.
Jill disappears from the display. Now, if you want to show Jill again, turn on
Forgotten Thoughts.
1. Click the Options menu, then click Forgotten Thoughts.
The Forgotten Thoughts dialog box can be used to permanently delete

Thoughts or remember them. To turn off the display of forgotten Thoughts again,
simply close the dialog box.
Tip: If you want to permanently delete a Thought without first forgetting it, hold
down the Shift key as you right click on it and select the Delete command.

Concluding Your Tour
If you click the Home button in the PersonalBrain toolbar, and click the Notes tab
in the Tools window, your Brain should look something like this:
Figure 27. Completed Tour
Where to go from here? You can stay and experiment more with your Tour
Brain, begin reviewing sections of interest throughout this guide, or dive into your
creating your own Brain. You may want to glance at some of the examples in
Appendix B – Some Sample Brain Applications, beginning on page 175, for more
ideas—but you probably already have plenty of your own!
Tip: If you are ready to dive into beginning your own personal Brain, start by
creating a few Thoughts for broad categories before you go to the detail level.
For example, if your name is Ed, “Ed’s Brain” might be the name of your Brain
(and your first Thought) and its first children might be Work, Family, Hobbies, and
Friends.
This concludes your guided tour—-thanks for coming along!

Understanding Thought Relationships

There are no rules governing the relationships between Thoughts—whatever
makes sense to you is the way your Brain ought to be organized. The three
primary relationships types―child, parent, and jump―can be used to express
different types of relationships. Sibling is a relationship that is derived from
child/parent relationships.
The examples in this section can help you understand the variety of relationships
and how they are used. The core concepts behind each type of relationship are
as follows:
Children: Child relationships are usually used to link more specific

information or information that represents a subcategory.
Parents: Parent relationships are usually used to link more general

information. Parents can also be thought of as higher level categories to
classify groups of information. They serve to indirectly connect their child
Thoughts as siblings.
Jumps: Jump relationships are usually used to link two pieces information
that are exclusively related, meaning that the two items are related to each
other but neither represents a group that the other is a part of.
Let’s move on to an example to explore these relationship types. Imagine that

you are the owner of a company and you are reviewing personnel files. Each
employee has a file. You decide it makes sense to organize your employees by
department. Your PersonalBrain is called My Brain. From My Brain, you create a
child Thought called My Company (see Figure 28). My Brain is now My
Company’s parent Thought. You create four child Thoughts from My Company—
Manufacturing, Sales, Service, and Billing. These departments are sibling
Thoughts of each other.
Figure 28. Sample PersonalBrain

Now you go to each department and create more child Thoughts, one for each
employee of the department. If an employee splits time between two
departments, you can make him a child Thought of both departments—he’ll
appear in both and you won’t have to duplicate his file. In this example, Bob is a
child Thought of both Manufacturing and Sales (see Figure 29). This is one of the
most powerful features of PersonalBrain—having one Thought under more than
one heading.
Figure 29. Child Thought Link to Two Headings
If you own more than one company, but have one accountant for all of them, you
might want to make a Thought called Accountant and link it as a jump Thought to
each company (see Figure 30).
Figure 30. Jump Thoughts to the Active Thought

Imagine that Joe’s company has just purchased one of your companies. Since
Joe’s company now owns this company, Joe’s Company becomes a parent (see
Figure 31).
Figure 31. New Parent Thought
Because Joe wants to avoid a conflict of interest, the acquired company (My
Other Company) no longer uses the same accountant. So its jump gate is hollow,
while its sibling’s jump gate (My Company) maintains that Link and is filled.
As you use PersonalBrain, you will develop a sense of the types of relationships
you wish to make between Thoughts. It is always possible to change
relationships (see Changing Relationships on page 67).
Families of Thoughts
It is tempting to view Thought relationships as families, and indeed these
different parts of your Brain are types of families, with their ancestry visually
spread before you, represented by subjects and categories. But unlike human
families, a child Thought can be a parent of one of its siblings and a Thought can
have more than two parents.
The complex relationships you can form in PersonalBrain are the source of its
power. Let’s consider sibling Thoughts that also share a parent/child relationship:
Let’s say you are studying philosophy. You might have a Thought called
Philosophy (see Figure 32). Individual philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle
could be child Thoughts of Philosophy. Each of these siblings, in turn, may have
child Thoughts. Aristotle was a student of Plato, so you may want to make
Aristotle not only a child of Philosophy, but of Plato, so that when you’re working
with Aristotle, Plato is only a Thought away.

Figure 32. Example of Parent/Child Relationships
Notice that when Philosophy and Plato are in Aristotle’s parent zone, their
relationship (Philosophy is a parent Thought of Plato) is shown by the line linking
the child gate of Philosophy to the parent gate of Plato.
Clearly, PersonalBrain is a powerful method of organizing ideas and information.

No hierarchical file structure can provide as much cross-referenced information
at a glance. And our example is pretty basic—a fully developed Brain can hold
many more relationships and much more information.

Navigating Your Brain

All Thoughts can be connected—directly or indirectly—even Thoughts that may
seem to have nothing to do with each other are can be related through a chain of
links.
Let’s look at an example, say, the Queen of England and asparagus. You have a
Thought called Queen of England. One of its child Thoughts is Prince of Wales,
which a parent Thought Famous Princes that is also linked to the story of the
Frog Prince. The story has another parent Thought called Fairy Tales. A sibling
of Frog Prince is Jack and the Beanstalk, which has child Thoughts called Giant
and Jack. Giant has another parent Thought called Famous Giants, which has a
child Thought called Jolly Green Giant. Jolly Green Giant has child Thoughts
named after canned vegetable products, one of which is Asparagus. Figure 33
illustrates this series of connections.
Figure 33. The Queen of England’s Connection to Asparagus
Depending on the relationship you create between them, Thoughts may be

closely or distantly related. Thoughts are considered to be closely related when
they are linked directly or are siblings. In the default view of the Plex, only close
Thoughts of the active Thought are always displayed in the Plex. Thoughts that
are one additional step (generation) away from the active Thought can be
displayed using the “Expanded Thoughts” view. In Figure 33, many distant
Thoughts are displayed using the “Expanded” view. See Advanced Navigation
and Expanded Views on page 93 for information about the different view options.

Opening Content
As you navigate through your Brain, you can open the attachments associated
with a Thought in two ways: directly from the Plex by clicking on the Thought’s
icon, even if it is not the active Thought, or by double-clicking the attachment in
the Properties & Attachments tab,
Previewing Thought Content

The content of the Properties & Attachments and the Notes tabs automatically
updates to show content related to the active Thought, or the Thought your
mouse pointer is currently over. This feature can be used to preview the content
associated with a Thought before activating it. In the example below, My Latest
Preoccupations is the active Thought, but the content in the Properties &
Attachments tab (below the Plex) belongs to Chocoholics Anonymous, where
the mouse is pointing.
Figure 34. A Word File for an Inactive Thought
As your Brain grows and becomes more complex, this preview feature can be a
big time saver. Additionally, you can navigate and explore more efficiently by

using pins, the Past Thought List, and Instant Activation, each of which is
explained below.
Pins
As you saw if you went along on the Guided Tour of PersonalBrain earlier, pins
are shortcuts to Thoughts to which you want quick access. They appear at the
top of the Plex, just below the PersonalBrain toolbar. No matter where you are in
your Brain, the pins remain visible.
To create a pin:
Right-click the Thought for which you want to create a pin, then click Create
Pin on the context menu
Figure 35. Creating Pins
To remove a pin:
Right-click the pin, then click Remove Pin on the context menu

Removing a pin does not remove or delete the associated Thought, just the
reference to it at the top of the Plex.
To use a pin to link Thoughts:
Drag from one of the Thought gates to the pins, or
Move your mouse pointer over a pinned Thought and gates will appear; drag
from one of these gates to the Thought you want to link
Activating Recent Thoughts: The Past Thought List

You can think of the Past Thought List as the visual representation of the phrase,
“train of thought”—a scrollable list of Thoughts in the order you activated them.
The Past Thought List is displayed at the bottom of the Plex window.
PersonalBrain keeps a running “breadcrumb” trail of your Thoughts based on

activation and displays it in the Past Thought List at the bottom of the Plex.
Clicking on any Thought in the Past Thought List activates that Thought. Also,
when a new Thought is created it appears in the Past Thought list immediately
(unless multiple Thoughts were created by using the “semi-colon trick,“ in which
case only one of the Thoughts will automatically appear in the Past Thought list).
Figure 36. Past Thought List
Scroll arrows displayed as triangles are located to the left and right of the Past
Thought List when there are additional Thoughts available in that direction. Use
them to navigate sequentially through past Thoughts, from the first Thought
you’ve activated to the last.
The most recently activated Thought (the current active Thought) appears at the
right end of the list. As with pins, if you hold the mouse over the name of a
Thought in the Past Thought List, the name is highlighted and expanded, if
necessary, for easier reading. If a Thought in the list has a file or Web page
attached, the icon for the file’s application appears to the left of the Thought.
To use a Thought in the Past Thought List to link Thoughts:
Drag from one of the Thought gates to one of the Thoughts in the Past
Thought List, or
Move your mouse pointer over a Thought in the Past Thought List and gates
will appear; drag from one of these gates to the Thought you want to link

In the example below, Sharon is going to become a child Thought of Causes; the
mouse has being dragged from the child gate of Causes to Sharon.
Figure 37. Creating a Link from the Past Thought List
Using the Back and Forward Buttons:
In addition to the Past Thought List, you can also use the Back and Forward
buttons, located near the top of the Window, to quickly retrace your steps;
these buttons work just like they do in a Web browser
Click the Back button to go back to the last active Thought
Once you have clicked the Back button, the Forward button can be used to
re-activate the Thought you came from
Back and Forward Mouse Buttons: The back and forward buttons available on
some mice (typically on the left side of the mouse near where you place your thumb)
may be used to navigate backward and forward in your Brain. These mouse buttons
perform the same navigation as the Back and Forward buttons in the PersonalBrain
toolbar, shown above.
Instant Activation
You can quickly scan the results of the Instant Activation as you type in the
Search box—they appear just above your typing. To activate one of these

results, click it with your mouse or use the up-arrow, down-arrow, page up, and
page down keys on the keyboard then press the Enter key.
The search includes every word in Thought names. Results are displayed
starting with first word matches and are prioritized based on how recently they
have been activated.
Figure 38. Instant Activate Uses All Words Within Thought Names
Accents are ignored when matching Thought names. Also, when two or more
matches with the same name are found, the names of their parent or jump
Thoughts are also displayed so you can differentiate them.
You can search for Thoughts by typing the first letter(s) of separate words and
the letters can be in any sequence; for example, to find the “Family and Friends”
Thought you could type “fa fr,” or “fr fa,” or “fa and fri,” or even “f a f.”
Figure 39. Use First Letters of Separate Words for Instant Activate
In addition to the results that appear as you type, you can do a full search of all
the content of your Brain by clicking the Search button or pressing the Enter key
once you have entered the word or phrase you are looking for.
For more information about advanced navigation, please see the Advanced
Navigation and Expanded Views section beginning on page 93.
For more information about searching your Brain, please see the Search section
beginning on page 119.

Customizing Your Brain’s Environment

You may choose to use your Brain just as it’s offered “out of the box” or you may
choose to change some of the environmental settings to suit your personal
preferences.
PersonalBrain’s Default Settings

Without making any changes, here’s what your Brain looks like:
The PersonalBrain window will behave like a regular window. This is called
the “Float” window option.
The area where your Thoughts appear (the Plex) will be shades of dark blue
with white text and blue links—this is the default “Theme.”
The top half of the PersonalBrain window will display your Thoughts and the
bottom half of the window will display a set of tabs (which are PersonalBrain
“Tools”).
Your Thoughts will be displayed in “Normal” view, meaning that you will see
only the direct parents, children, jumps, and siblings of the active Thought.
Figure 40. PersonalBrain Window with Default Settings

Customizing The PersonalBrain Window
There are three basic options for how the PersonalBrain window behaves:
As a standard window that can be minimized, maximized, restored, and

dragged by its title bar to different locations on the screen (the Float option)
As a standard window that will always appear on top of any other open
windows (the Float option plus the Always on Top option)
As a window that automatically hides when not in use and appears in a

designated location when you click an icon (the Auto-hide option)
To make your Brain float:
Click the Window menu, then click the Float command.
To make your Brain always stay on top of the desktop or any other window:
Click the Window menu, then click the Always on Top command.
To make your Brain automatically hide when not in use:
1. Click the Window menu, then click either the Auto-hide Left, Auto-hide
Right, Auto-hide Top, or Auto-hide Bottom command.
2. When you click outside of the PersonalBrain window, your Brain is reduced
to a Brain icon that appears in the side of the screen you selected in Step 1.
Click the icon to unhide your Brain.
Figure 41. Icon for Unhiding Your Brain
Tip: You can drag the icon to any area of the screen’s border.
Maximizing and Restoring the Plex

Maximize the Plex: Double-click any blank area of the Plex (hiding the Tools
window).
Restore the Plex: Double-click any blank area of the Plex (restoring the
Tools window).

Moving and Resizing the Plex

When the default settings are in use and the Plex is in “Normal” view, you can
move the Thoughts in the Plex up or down by dragging (up or down) in any blank
area of the Plex background.
Figure 42. Dragging the Plex Vertically
To change the size of the Thought’s text, you can either move the mouse wheel
up or down or you can drag the resizing circle behind the active Thought.

Figure 43. Before and After Dragging the Resizing Circle
Customizing Your Brain’s Appearance
Themes
The Themes feature lets you choose from several built-in designs to customize
the look of your Brain. In addition, you can save the look of your Brain as a new
Theme and quickly switch from one saved Theme to another.

Figure 44. Sample Themes
To select a Theme:
1. Click the Options menu.
2. Click the Set Themes command, then click the Theme of your choice.

Figure 45. Selecting a Theme
The Theme you selected will be applied. If you aren’t pleased with the result,
select a different theme. Note that the default Theme (Dark Blue) can be selected
from the menu.
All of the options that are contained in a Theme can also be adjusted individually
as described below. Once you have adjusted the look of your Brain, you can
save it as a new Theme for easy access or to use with other Brains:
2. Click the Save Themes command. The following dialog box will be
displayed:
Figure 46. Save Theme Dialog Box
3. Type a name for the new Theme, then click the OK button.

The Theme will be listed on the Set Theme sub-menu the next time you open it.
Figure 47. Newly Saved Theme on Set Theme Menu
To return to the original appearance of the Plex at any time, set the Theme back
to “Default (Dark Blue).”
Wallpaper
To select an image to use as Wallpaper:
2. Click the Select Wallpaper command, navigate to the location of your

Wallpaper file, and then click the Open button. Supported wallpaper file
formats include .jpg, .gif, and .png.
To dynamically select new Wallpaper from a Web site:
1. Go to a Web site that offers Wallpaper files, right-click the design of your
choice, then select Copy on the context menu.
2. Return to your Brain, right-click in any blank area of the Plex, then select
Paste Wallpaper on the context menu.

Figure 48. Context Menu on the Plex
After you select your Wallpaper you may want to adjust your Thought colors and
links.
PersonalBrain Toolbar
You can customize the PersonalBrain toolbar by adding (or removing) buttons
that, when clicked, close the active Brain and open the designated Brain.
Click the Add Brain button to insert a button for the active Brain. Note that
the Add Brain button will only be enabled if there isn’t already a toolbar
button for the active Brain.
Click the Remove Brain button to remove the button for the active Brain
(assuming the button has been added previously). Note that the Remove
Brain button will only be enabled if there is a toolbar button for the active
Brain.
Figure 49. Modifying the Toolbar
In addition to adding and removing buttons to the toolbar, you can also hide the
toolbar if you do not plan on using it. This option is available from the
Preferences dialog box, described below, in the Options tab under the
“Windows Settings” section.

Setting Other Preferences

PersonalBrain’s Preferences dialog box is where you’ll find many of the settings
for adjusting how your Brain works, both mechanically and visually.
To open the Preferences dialog box:
Click the Options menu, then click the Preferences command (under Mac
OS, the Preferences command is located in the PersonalBrain menu), or
Right-click a blank area of the Plex, then click the Preferences command on
the context menu
Figure 50. Two Methods of Accessing Preferences

Here’s an overview of what you’ll find inside:
Figure 51. Preferences Dialog Box Tabs

Creating Thoughts
Creating Thoughts
Creating a Single Thought

There are three ways to create a Thought, but each starts with the same step—
choosing the Thought with which the new Thought will have a relationship. You
will use the chosen Thought as a starting place when creating the new Thought.
When you create a Thought in your Brain, you first decide what relationship it will
have with an existing Thought—will it be a parent, child, or a jump Thought?
Generally speaking, you’ll create child Thoughts more often than parents or
jumps. There are certainly exceptions, but usually, using a “top-down” approach
is helpful if you are just getting started: Create children (and jumps, as
appropriate) and let parents happen naturally.
Once you have activated the Thought that will have a relationship with your new
Thought, use any of these techniques to begin creating a new Thought:
Click the Thought menu, then click the Create Child, Create Parent, or
Create Jump command
Or, right-click the Thought, then click the Create Child, Create Parent, or
Create Jump command
Or, drag from the Thought’s parent, child, or jump gate

Creating Thoughts
Figure 52. Gates to Drag for Creating Thoughts
Tip: We recommend using the drag method—it’s the quickest!
No matter which method you use to begin creating your new Thought, the next
thing you’ll see is a field for typing in the name of your new Thought. (The field
will be labeled according to the type of Thought you’re creating.)
Figure 53. Create Child Dialog Box
1. Type the name of your new Thought in the field provided.
2. Press the Enter key or click the green check mark button to save your new
Thought (or click the X button to cancel the process).
Creating Multiple Thoughts at Once

PersonalBrain offers a timesaver (affectionately known as the “semi-colon trick”)
for creating more than one Thought at a time.
Type a semicolon (;) to separate multiple Thought names in the Create

dialog box

Creating Thoughts
Figure 54. Creating Multiple Thoughts
There is virtually no limit to the number of Thoughts you can create at the same
time.
Naming Your Thoughts

PersonalBrain offers timesavers (affectionately known as “comma tricks”) for
helping you name Thoughts that should either have the same name and different
parents, or Thoughts that should have their parents’ names incorporated in their
own names.
“Comma Trick” #1: Same Name/Different Parent

This method is for Thoughts that should appear to have the same name, and are
children of separate Thoughts. Here’s an example of when this might occur. Say
you have Thoughts for each of your clients, each of which has a billing
department. You’d like a child Thought named “Billing Info” for each of your client
Thoughts. However, you may not want to have duplicate Thought names. Why?
Because later, when you’re looking at these Thoughts you won’t be able to tell
them apart without looking at their parents.
Here’s how to remedy this potential dilemma when you create the new Thought:
When you type the Thought name, first type the name of its parent, then type
a comma, then type the name of the new Thought
Tip: Save yourself some typing! As soon as you begin typing the name of the
parent Thought, you will see a list of existing Thought names beginning with
those letters. Just click on the appropriate Thought in the list and it will appear in
the field. Then, all you have left to do is enter the comma and the rest of the new
Thought name.

Creating Thoughts
Figure 55. Sub-Category Thoughts
The Thought will display its full name when it is active. When its parent Thought
is active, you’ll see only the portion of the name that does not repeat the parent’s
name. Ensuring that each of your Thoughts has a unique name will help find and
identify them more easily.
Tip: The part of the Thought’s name that is hidden is context sensitive. Say for
example that you wanted to have a single place to see the billing information for
all your clients. You might create a Thought called “Billing Info” and then link to
the billing information Thoughts for each of your clients, such as “NewGuys,
Billing Info.” If you do this, when Billing Info is active then NewGuys, Billing Info
will appear as just NewGuys, whereas when NewGuys is active, that same
Thought will appear as Billing Info. Try it―you’ll see how this can be very useful.
Here are some additional facts about Thoughts in PersonalBrain to keep in mind:
Unlimited number of Thoughts: PersonalBrain 4 has been designed for
scalability and there is virtually no limit to the number of Thoughts you
can create.
Unlimited number of relationships: There is virtually no limit to the

number of links you can create between Thoughts.
Automatic initial-capitalization: If you type a Thought name using all

lowercase letters, the first letters of words will be capitalized for you
automatically. PersonalBrain 4 uses “smart rules” to determine which
words should be lowercase (such as “a,” “and,” and “of”). For example, if
you’ve typed “visit the statue of liberty” the Thought title will automatically
become “Visit the Statue of Liberty.” This feature is active, by default, but
you can turn it off in the Options tab of the Preferences dialog box.

Creating Thoughts
“Comma Trick” #2: Incorporating the Parent Thought’s Name

You can incorporate the parent Thought’s name into the new Thought’s name by
typing a comma where you want the parent’s name to appear (as long as it’s at
the beginning or the end).
Type a comma first to precede the new Thought’s name with the name of the
parent Thought
Type a comma last to end the new Thought’s name with the name of the
parent Thought
Figure 56. Thought Names Added Automatically
When the new Thought is active, the full name will appear. When the new
Thought is inactive, only the part of the name that does not include the parent
Thought’s name or the comma will appear.
Swapping a Thought’s Name with its Label

You can swap a Thought’s name with its label by clicking the Switch button in
the Properties & Attachments Tool tab. This can be very useful when the
default label and name are assigned based on a URL and the automatic naming
isn’t optimal for your purposes.
Figure 57. Swapping Label and Thought Names

Creating Thoughts
Copying Thoughts Within and Between Brains

Thoughts, including all of their notes, properties, events, and attachments, can
be copied and pasted between Brains or duplicated within a Brain. When
Thoughts are copied, associated Thought types and link types are automatically
copied as well.
To copy a Thought within the same Brain:
1. Right-click the Thought to be copied and then click the Copy Thought
command on the context menu.
2. Activate the Thought that should be the parent of the newly copied
Thought.
3. Right-click within any blank area of the Brain and click Paste Thoughts on
the context menu.

Creating Thoughts
4. The copied Thought will automatically be linked as a child of the active

Thought and it will also retain all of its original relationships.
Figure 58. Copied Thought
To create a duplicate of a Thought:
If you just want to make a duplicate of a single Thought without retaining any of
its links, the Create Duplicate Child Thought command is convenient.
1. Right-click the Thought to be duplicated and then click the Create

Duplicate Child Thought command on the context menu.
2. The duplicated Thought will appear as a child of the original, as shown in

the figure below.

Creating Thoughts
Figure 59. Duplicating a Thought Within a Brain
To copy a Thought to another Brain:
1. Right-click the Thought to be copied and then click the Copy Thought
command on the context menu (or activate the Thought, click the Edit
menu, and then click the Copy Thought command).
2. Open the Brain into which you want to copy the Thought.
3. Right-click on the background of the Plex and then click the Paste
Thoughts command on the context menu (or click the Edit menu and then
click the Paste Thoughts command).
4. The Thought will be pasted into the Brain and linked as a child of the active
Thought.
If you have selected multiple Thoughts, they can all be copied at once using the
same technique. Right-click anyplace within the Selection box to open the
context menu. See “Selecting Mulitple Thoughts” beginning on page 60 for
complete instructions about selecting multiple Thoughts.

Creating Thoughts
Undoing and Redoing Actions

Changing your mind about your actions is easy. You can undo up to 100 actions
during your current session. Actions that have been undone can also be re-
executed using the Redo command.
Figure 60. Undo and Redo Commands
To undo an action:
1. Click the Edit menu and then click the Undo command. The list on the
secondary menu displays your most recent action first.
2. To undo your most recent action, click the first item in the secondary menu.
To undo multiple actions, select the oldest action to be undone from the list.
All actions above that action will also be undone.
To redo an action you have undone:
1. Click the Edit menu and then click the Redo command. If there are multiple
items that can be redone, a secondary menu will be displayed.
2. Click the action of your choice. As in the list of actions that can be undone,
the list is in most-recent-action-first order. All actions above the item you
click will also be undone.
Once you close your Brain, the Undo and Redo lists are cleared.

Editing Thoughts and Links
Renaming Thoughts
There are three simple ways to rename an existing Thought:
Right-click the Thought to be renamed, and click Rename in the context

menu, or
Figure 61. Renaming a Thought Using the Context Menu
Highlight the Thought using the mouse pointer and press the F2 key, or

Activate the Thought, then revise the name in the Properties & Attachments
tab
Figure 62. Renaming a Thought in the Properties & Attachments Tab
Deleting and Forgetting Thoughts

When you no longer need a Thought, it can be forgotten or deleted. A forgotten
Thought may be remembered and restored later, or deleted. A deleted Thought
is gone forever. This works very much like the Windows Recycle Bin/Trash
feature on your desktop which stores your deleted files until you choose to
remove them permanently.
To forget a Thought:
Right-click the Thought to be deleted, then click Forget in the context menu.
Once a Thought has been forgotten it will disappear from the display. If you want
to access it again later temporarily, you can do so by turning on the display of
forgotten Thoughts. You can also permanently delete forgotten Thoughts or you
can remember them.
To access forgotten Thoughts:
1. Click the Options menu, then click the Forgotten Thoughts command.
The Forgotten Thoughts dialog box will be displayed and your forgotten
Thoughts will appear in the Plex.

Figure 63. Forgotten Thoughts Dialog Box
2. You can click on the Thoughts in the dialog box to activate them. You can
use forgotten Thoughts just like normal Thoughts as long as they are
displayed.
To delete all of the forgotten Thoughts using the Forgotten Thoughts dialog
box:
Click the Select All button, then click the Delete button. You will be prompted
to confirm the deletion. Alternately, you can use the Ctrl key to select multiple
individual forgotten Thoughts and then delete only those.
Closing the Forgotten Thoughts dialog box hides the forgotten Thoughts. You
can also reinstate forgotten Thoughts by selecting them, then clicking the
Remember button. Click the Refresh button to update the list, this may be
necessary if you rename some Thoughts or forget, remember, or delete some
Thoughts.
It is generally recommended to forget Thoughts when you don’t need them so

that you can easily retrieve them if you change your mind. If you are sure you will
never need a Thought again and you do not want to be able to remember it in the
future, you can delete it immediately without forgetting it first.
To delete a Thought instantly:
1. Hold down the Shift key as you right-click the Thought to be deleted. The
context menu will be displayed, showing the Delete command in place of
the Forget command.

Figure 64. Shift-Right-Click Context Menu for a Thought
2. Click the Delete command, then click the OK button in the confirmation
dialog box that displays. The Thought will be permanently deleted.
To forget or delete multiple Thoughts:
1. Hold down the Ctrl key as you click each Thought.
2. Right-click in the Selection box, then click the Forget Selection command
on the context menu. Hold down the Shift key while opening the menu to
display the Delete Selection command instead.

Figure 65. Selection Box Context Menu
Selecting Multiple Thoughts

You can select multiple Thoughts and then apply actions—link, unlink, delete, set
Thought type, and other actions you would apply to an individual Thought—to the
selected Thoughts en masse. When multiple Thoughts are selected they are
listed in a selection box on the left side of the Plex and they are highlighted in the
Plex itself.
Figure 66. Selection Box and Selected Thoughts
Throughout this section, wherever you see “Ctrl key,” use the Command key.

To select Thoughts:
Hold down the Ctrl key as you click a Thought.
Hold down the Ctrl key as you click a gate to select all the Thoughts
connected to that gate.
To de-select Thoughts:
Click the close button at the top right of the selection box to de-select all
selected Thoughts.
Hold down the Ctrl key as you click a Thought (either in the Plex or in the
selection box) to de-select just that Thought.
To perform actions on selected Thoughts:
Right-click in the selection box and select the action of your choice on the
context menu. The entries in this menu are also displayed in the Edit menu.
Figure 67. Selection Box Context Menu

Advanced Selection
If you have a section of your Brain that you want to modify but you don’t want to
select each Thought from the Plex, you can use the following techniques to
quickly build a large selection.
Click the Edit menu, then click the Crawl Brain and Modify Selection
command to select sets of connected Thoughts. You can choose what
types of connections to follow to build the selection.
Figure 68. Crawl Brain and Modify Selection Dialog Box
You can also use the Edit menu to add the results from the Search tab or
the Reports tab to the selection.
Other Selection Uses

Once you have created a selection, you can also use it for other things besides
what you see in the menu:
Searches can be limited to the content of the selection
Exporting Thoughts from your Brain can be limited to the selection

Unlinking Thoughts
To unlink a Thought:
Click the link, the click the Unlink command on the context menu
Tip: If you are moving a Thought from one place to another by linking and
unlinking it, it is generally easier to do the unlinking after you have done the
linking. This avoids making the Thought into an “orphan,” a Thought with no
relatives.
If you have difficulty telling which link you are pointing at with the mouse, just
look at the highlighted Thoughts. When the mouse pointer is over a link, it is
highlighted along with the two Thoughts it connects. This makes it easy to tell
which Thoughts will be unlinked if you click on the link.
In addition to being able to unlink Thoughts one link at a time, you can also use
the multiple Thought selection function to unlink several Thoughts at once. To do
so:
Select the Thoughts you want to unlink by holding down the Ctrl key and
clicking on each one
Activate the Thought from which you wish to unlink the selected Thoughts
Right-click in the selection box and select the Unlink command
Linking Existing Thoughts

As noted previously, links are power. Not only do links allow for associations that
group Thoughts conceptually, they allow information to be stored in and
accessible from numerous places.
A single Thought may have relationships with multiple Thoughts. For example,
you may want a Thought named “Aunt Mary” to be a child of your “Mentors”
Thought and also a child of your “Family” Thought. If your Aunt Mary is also
helping you plan your next vacation, her Thought may also be a child or jump
Thought to your “Vacation” Thought. The possibilities are endless.
There are several ways to link to existing Thoughts, as described in the following
sections.
Link to Thoughts Visible in the Plex

When the Thoughts you want to link are both visible in the Plex, you can simply
drag from the desired gate of one Thought in the Plex to another Thought in the
Plex. Note that the Thought you drag from does not have to be the Active
Thought.

In the normal view, the display of Thoughts is limited to close relations. You may
find it useful to use the Expanded view when linking Thoughts, because you can
see more Thoughts at once.
Link to Thoughts Not Visible in the Plex

If both Thoughts are not displayed in the Plex they can still be easily linked in any
of four ways. If the Thought you can’t see in the Plex has a pin or a name in the
Past Thought List, you can drag links to them, or you can link by using the Create
Child dialog box to quickly find the Thought to which you want to link. Finally, you
can also link using the selection.
Link by Dragging to a Pin

You can Link to a Thought that is not visible in the Plex if it has a pin. Simply
drag from the appropriate gate to the pin (see Figure 69). Pins help you save
time. When you want to link a Thought to many other Thoughts, create a pin of
the Thought and link to it.
Figure 69. Dragging to a Pin
Although pins do not normally have gates displayed, when they are highlighted
with the mouse pointer, gates appear and can be used to create links.
The relationship you establish by linking a Thought to a pin is between the

Thoughts; if you delete the pin, the Link between the Thoughts will remain of
course.

Link by Dragging to the Past Thought List

As with pins, you can link a Thought in the Plex to other Thoughts by dragging a
Link from the appropriate gate of the Thought in the Plex to a Thought in the past
Thought list (see Figure 70). Like pins, Thoughts in the Past Thought List do not
have gates displayed normally, but when they are highlighted with the mouse
pointer, gates appear and can be used to create links.
Figure 70. Dragging to the Past Thought List
Link by Selecting a Thought in the Create Child Dialog Box

You can also link by using the Create Thought dialog box:
1. Start creating a Thought by dragging or using the Thought menu. The

Create Thought dialog box appears.
2. Type the first few letters of the name of the Thought you want to link to.
PersonalBrain will fill in the rest (see Figure 71).
3. Select the Thought and click the checkmark.

Figure 71. Use the Create Child Dialog Box to Link
Link Using the Selection

Thoughts in the selection can be linked to the active Thought using the Selection
menu:
1. Select the Thought or Thoughts you want to link using Ctrl-click.
2. Activate the Thought to which you want to link.
3. Right-click the Selection box, then click the link command of your choice in
the context menu.
Figure 72. Linking Using the Selection

Changing Relationships Using Drag and Drop

Say that you decide that your “Marketing” Thought shouldn’t really be a child of
your “My Clients” Thought. Instead, it should be the child of “My Web Services.”
You can quickly change relationships between Thoughts by dragging a Thought
to the zone of its new intended relative. In this example, you would drag the
Marketing Thought to the child zone of My Web Services Business. As you drag,
you can see the relationship change by noting the appearance of the highlighted
link. When you are happy with the new relationship, drop the Thought by
releasing the mouse button.
Figure 73. Changing Relationships

Managing Thought and Link Properties
Changing the Appearance of a Thought
Thought Drop Shadows and Backgrounds

You can add drop shadows globally to all Thought names so they can be seen
more prominently. You can also turn on and off the display of backgrounds
behind Thought names. The colors of both shadows and backgrounds can be
customized as described below.
Figure 74. Text Shadows (Before and After)
To toggle the display of shadows and backgrounds:
1. Open the Preferences dialog box by clicking the Options menu and
selecting Preferences.
2. Click the Options tab.
3. Check or uncheck boxes next to Text shadows and Backgrounds as

appropriate and click OK.
To change the colors of shadows and backgrounds:
1. Open Preferences dialog box and click the Colors tab.
2. Select the color you want to change (Thoughts, text shadow or

Thoughts, background) from the list. The color selection dialog box will be
displayed:

Figure 75. Thoughts, Text Shadow Dialog Box
3. Click the color of your choice, then click the OK button.
4. Click the OK button in the Preferences dialog box.
Changing the Size of Thought Text

You can change the size of your Thoughts by using the mouse wheel. Sliding the
wheel up (away from you) makes all Thoughts larger and sliding it down (towards
you) makes all Thoughts smaller. You can also change the size of all Thoughts
by dragging the resizing circle that appears behind the active Thought.
Figure 76. Changing Size of Thought Text

Changing a Thought’s Text Color

You can assign a specific color to a Thought so that it stands out visually. To
assign a color to a Thought:
1. Activate the Thought and click the Properties & Attachments tab. Or,
right-click the Thought you want to change and select Properties &
Attachments on the context menu.
2. Click the Display button, then click the Set Color command. The Select
Thought Color dialog box will be displayed.
Figure 77. Select Thought Color for Active Thought
3. Click the color of your choice, then click the OK button.
4. If you used the right-click method to open the properties window, close it
when you are through making changes.
Adding a Label to a Thought

Labels are hints that appear below Thoughts when the mouse cursor is placed
over them.
Figure 78. A Thought label

To add a label to a Thought:
1. Activate the Thought and click the Properties & Attachments tab or right-
click the Thought you want to change and select Properties &
Attachments on the context menu.
2. Type the text for the label in the Label field. When you point at the Thought,
the label text will appear in a box below the Thought.
Figure 79. Label Field in Properties & Attachments
3. If you used the right-click method to open the Properties window, close it
when you are through making changes.
Attaching Images to Thoughts

You can attach pictures to your Thoughts to provide a visual boost to your Brain.
When you point to the icon next to the Thought, the picture zooms to a larger
size automatically.
Figure 80. A Thought Icon
To add an image icon to a Thought:
1. Copy the image you want to use into the clipboard. For example, if the
image is on a Web page, open the page in your browser, right-click the
picture, then click the Copy command on the context menu. If the image

isn’t on a Web page, right-click it from within any document, then click the
Copy command on the context menu.
2. Right-click the Thought, then click the Paste Thought Icon command on
the context menu.
Figure 81. Paste Thought Icon Command
To change a Thought’s icon, follow the steps above and click the OK button in
the Overwrite existing image? dialog box.
Figure 82. Overwrite Existing Image Confirmation Box
You can use this feature to add instant previews of documents and Web pages
you have added to a Thought. Just open the item you want to preview, take a
screenshot (in Windows, press Alt+Print Screen to capture just the active
Window) and use the Paste Thought Icon command.
To remove a Thought’s icon:
1. Activate the Thought that has the icon to be removed.
2. Click the Properties & Attachments tab. The properties for the active
Thought will be displayed.

Figure 83. Removing a Thought Icon
3. Click the Display button, then click the Remove Icon command.
Images that you have attached to Thoughts are automatically loaded as

thumbnails. When you point to the image, the picture zooms to a larger size
automatically. Supported file formats for images include .jpg, png, and .gif.
Organizing Thoughts by “Type”

If you have several Thoughts with which you want to share common attributes,
such as color and an icon, you may want to create a Thought type so that these
attributes can be easily applied to many Thoughts. This is one use of Thought
types.
For example, you may want to create a “person” type for all Thoughts that
represent people in your Brain. This type might have a label— “Person”—and a
specific color and icon so that all people in your Brain stand out and can be
easily recognized.
Figure 84. Three “Person” Type Thoughts
Once a type has been applied to a set of Thoughts, it can also be used to filter
searches in your Brain and to create reports of all Thoughts of that type.
When a type has been assigned to a Thought, that Thought is said to be an

“instance” of the type. For example, if you have a Thought named “Jane” of the
“Person” type, the Jane Thought is said to be an instance of the Person type.

Creating a Thought Type

To create a Thought type:
1. Activate the Thought you want to be the first instance of the new type.
2. Click the Properties & Attachments tab, click the Type button, then click
the New Type command.
3. Enter the name of the type you want to create.
4. A dialog box for the type will appear. The label for the type will
automatically be set to match the name of the type.
5. Customize the attributes of the type the same way you edit the attributes of
a Thought. You can set a color, icon, and a label. The attributes will be
automatically applied to the instances of the type.
In addition to labels and colors, icons may be added to Thought types.
You can add an attachment to a Thought type and that icon will be added t all
instances of that type.
Assigning a Thought Type

When you create a Thought type, it is automatically assigned to the Thought that
you created it from. If you want to assign an existing Thought type to a Thought,
just select it from the drop list on the Properties & Attachments tab for the
Thought.
Figure 85. Drop-down List for Selecting a Thought Type
Alternately, you can right-click the Thought, click Thought Type on the context
menu, then click the type of your choice to assign it to that Thought.
Tip: To arrange your display by Thought types, right-click on the Plex

background, click Arrange Thoughts by, then click Type.

Attributes that are assigned to a Thought type are inherited by all instances of
the Type but will be overridden if there are attributes assigned directly to the
Thought itself. For example, if you have a Thought named “Jane” of the type
“Person,” you can assign an icon of a smiley face to the Person type and it will
appear next the Jane Thought and all other instances of the Person type. But, if
you then assign a picture of Jane as the icon for that Thought, the picture will
appear on that Thought (only) instead of the smiley face.
Editing a Thought Type

To edit a Thought type:
1. Activate a Thought of the type you want to edit.
2. Click the Properties & Attachments tab, click the Type button and click
the Edit Type command.
3. A dialog box for the type will appear. Use this dialog box to modify the type.
Deleting a Thought Type

To delete a Thought type:
1. Activate a Thought of the type you want to delete.
2. Click the Properties & Attachments tab, click the Type button, then click
the Delete Type command. All Thoughts of that type will be changed to
“untyped” Thoughts.
Super Types
PersonalBrain supports multiple levels of types for advanced modeling. Just like
a Thought can have a type, each type may in turn have a super type. Super
types are set on the dialog box for the type in the same way a type is set in a
Thought’s Properties & Attachments dialog box. The attributes assigned to a
super type are inherited by its sub types and instances.
Super types can be used when there is a category of Thoughts which is subset of
a larger category. For example, the Thought type “Person” could be the super
type of the type “Executive.”
Making Thoughts Private

Thoughts may be marked “Private.” Private Thoughts will appear in a different
color (based on the Preference settings for Thought colors). When you export
your Brain, you have an opportunity to include or exclude private Thoughts.
Select the Private check box in the Thought’s Properties & Attachments tab to
mark the Thought as private.

Figure 86. A Private Thought
Changing the Appearance of a Link

Links are created automatically when you create Thoughts. You can control the
way they appear in order to clarify relationships or just to create a more pleasing
view of your Brain, based on your personal preference. You can also manipulate
links in order to add or change relationships between your Thoughts.
To change the appearance of a link:
1. Click the link whose properties you want to change.
2. Click Link Properties on the context menu. The properties for the link will
be displayed:
Figure 87. Options for Changing Link Properties
To display a label for the link, type the text in the Label field.
To change the link’s color, click the Set Color button, click the color of
your choice, then click the OK button.
To change the width of the line used for the link, select from the drop-
down list for Thickness.
3. Close the dialog box when you are through making changes.
You might want to thicken links to illustrate the strength of particular relationships
between Thoughts.

Creating Types for Links

Link types are used to assign commonly-used relationships between Thoughts
that share a label, color, and thickness so they can be easily recognized.
In addition to setting their color, you can add labels to link types and you can
change the thickness of the link to call special attention to relationships.
1. Click the link for which you want to create a type, then click the Link
Properties command on the context menu.
Figure 88. Link Properties Command on Link Context Menu
2. Click the New… button in the dialog box and enter the name for the link
type you want to create.
3. Whatever is typed in the Label field will automatically display when you
point to the link in the Plex. Changing the Label text will also automatically
change the name of the link type.
Figure 89. Link Properties Dialog Box
4. To change the thickness of the link, click the drop-down list button for the
Thickness field, then click the thickness of your choice.

5. Click the Set Color button if you want to change the color of the link type.
6. Close the dialog box when you are done. The new link type you created will
now appear in the Link Type submenu whenever a link is clicked.

Adding Files, Web Pages, and Folders

You can add any number of files, Web pages, and folders to your Brain. There
are many ways to do this as covered in this section, but in general, the simplest
way to integrate all of these items is to simply drag and drop them into the Plex.
Attachments are displayed in the attachment list at the bottom of the Properties
& Attachments tab. An attachment may have the same name as its Thought,
but it doesn’t have to—attachments can be renamed easily.
You can view the attachment list for non-active Thoughts by right clicking on
them and then clicking Properties & Attachments on the context menu.
All of the information in your Brain is contained in the .brain file and _brain folder.
Internal attachments are stored in the “Files” subfolder of that folder. For
example, if you’ve named a Brain “Market Research,” any Thought attachments
will be stored within a folder named “Market Research_brain\Files.” The Files
folder contains subfolders for each Thought with attachments that organize
content stored in your Brain. The Thought folder is also used to store Thought
icons and images inserted into Thought Notes.
Opening and Renaming Attachments

There are many ways to open an attachment.
To open an attachment directly from the Plex:
Click on the icon next to the Thought with which the attachment is associated.
If there are multiple attachments, a list will be displayed for you to use to
choose which attachment you want to open. If there is only one attachment, it
will be opened immediately.
Use any of these methods to open an attachment from the attachment list:
Double-click the attachment, or
Click the attachment, then click the Open Attachment button on the toolbar
located above the attachment list, or
Right-click the attachment, then click the Open Attachment command on the
context menu
To rename an attachment:
1. Activate the Thought that contains the attachment to be renamed.
2. Click the Properties & Attachments tab.

3. Click the attachment’s name so it is selected, pause, and then click it a

second time to indicate that you want to rename it or right-click the
attachment in the list, then click the Rename command in the context
menu.
Tip: You can also rename a selected attachment by pressing the F2 key and
then making your changes.
The location of URL attachments may also be edited using the steps above
except that you should click on the attachment’s location instead of its name.
Drag and Drop

“Drag and drop” techniques can be used to add information into your Brain from
other programs as well as move information from your Brain into other programs.
Adding Attachments Using Drag and Drop

You can use standard “drag and drop” techniques to add attachments to a
Thought or to create new Thoughts by dragging and dropping from:
Your Web Browser: On Windows Firefox and Internet Explorer are both
supported. On Mac OS X, Firefox, Safari, and Camino are supported. Other
browsers that support drag and drop of URLs will also work.

Your File Manager:
♦ The desktop and file Explorer can be used as a source for drag
and drop operations.
♦ The desktop and Finder can be used as a source for drag and
drop operations.
♦ Other applications that support drag and drop of files will also work.
Microsoft Outlook:
♦ If you use Outlook for email, contacts, or other data, you can drag and
drop many types of information into PersonalBrain and a link to the
original item will be created.

When you drop an item in PersonalBrain, you may drop it in different locations to
accomplish different results. For example:
Drop items on an empty area in the Plex to create new Thoughts: New
child Thoughts will be created and named based on the items that were
dropped. The Thoughts will be linked to the active Thought.
Drop items on any Thought visible in the Plex to attach them to that
Thought: The dropped items will be attached to the Thought on which it was
dropped.
Drop items on the attachment list: The dropped item will be added to the
list. Note that items can be dropped both on the attachment list of the active
Thought as well as any other attachment lists you may have opened via the
right-click context menu.
When adding attachments, not only can you create links to them, but you can
choose to move or copy some items into your Brain. Moving or copying files into

your Brain makes it easy back up all the information in your Brain easily and also
makes it easier to share this information since it is all in one place
Link attachment: Drag and drop defaults to creating a link to the item. The
original version stays in its original location and the attachment is not moved
or copied. Whenever you open a linked item, you are opening the originally
dragged item. If the original item is moved or deleted, it will no longer be
accessible from your Brain.
Copy attachment: Holding down the Ctrl key as you drop the item into your
Brain makes a copy of that item and stores it internally, inside of your Brain. If
you make revisions in the attachment in your Brain, the revisions will not be
reflected in the original source file and if the original source file is moved or
deleted, it will not affect the copy that is in your Brain.
Move attachment: Holding down the Ctrl and Shift keys as you drop an item
into your Brain will move that item into your Brain, removing it from its original
location.
Only files can be copied or moved. Web pages are always attached as links. If
you want to copy the content of a Web page into your Brain, either save it as a
file or copy and paste its content into a Thought’s Notes.
Figure 90. Dragging New Attachments
Copying and Moving to Other Locations with Drag and Drop

You can also use drag and drop on items in the attachments list to move or copy
them to locations outside of your Brain.
Move the attachment: Dragging the item out of your Brain removes it from
the brain and places it in the destination to which you drag.
Copy the attachment: Holding down the Ctrl key as you drag the item from
your Brain places a copy in the destination and retains the original
attachment in your Brain.
Tip: You can also drag and drop attachments from your Brain onto other
programs that support drag and drop so that the other application will open the

file. For example, you can drag and drop a Web page from the attachment list to
a browser window to have the browser open that page.
Drag and drop can also be used to move and copy attachments between
Thoughts—drag from the attachment list to the Plex or to another attachment list.
Moving a File into a Brain After It Is Attached to a Thought

Right-click the filename in the Properties & Attachments tab, then click the
Move File into Brain command. The small arrow in the icon to the left of the
Thought name will disappear once the file is moved into the Brain and the
location will appear as “Internal.”
Moving a File Out of PersonalBrain

To move a file out of PersonalBrain, drag the file out of the Properties &
Attachments tab and drop it into the location of your choice.
Copy and Paste
You can use standard copy and paste techniques to add items to the attachment
list in the Thought’s Properties & Attachments tab.
1. Activate the Thought in which you want to add the attachment and click the
Properties & Attachments tab.
2. Copy the attachment in the application of your choice (for example, if you
want to add a file from your desktop, right-click the file’s icon).
3. Right-click below any attachments in the list, then click the Paste
Files/Folders command on the context menu. You can also click the Paste
button in the toolbar at the top of the attachment list. You can also use the
Thought menu to paste into the active Thought or you can right-click on any
Thought and paste into it via the context menu.
Figure 91. Attachments Context Menu
Tip: The context menu displays a different set of commands based on where you
click. Clicking below the list in an empty area will show fewer commands
because those that are applicable to a specific attachment will not be displayed.

Copying an Attachment from One Thought to Another
You can easily copy attachments between Thoughts using context menus.
1. Activate the Thought containing the attachment you want to copy and click
the Properties & Attachments tab.
2. Right-click the attachment in the list, then click the Copy command on the
context menu.
3. Right-click the Thought to receive the copied attachment, then click the
Paste Files/Folders command on the context menu.
Tip: If you prefer, instead of using the context menus, you can Ctrl-drag an
attachment from the list to any Thought in the Plex to copy the attachment from
one Thought to another.
Using the Save As Command
You can use any application’s “Save as” command to create a new file inside
your Brain. For example, if you have opened a Word file that is an attachment to
a Thought, you would click the File menu, click the Save as command, then
enter the name of the new file to create. The new file will automatically appear in
the Thought’s attachment list.
Attachment List Context Menus
The attachment list in the Properties & Attachments tab makes it easy to view
and change information quickly. Right-click an attachment to display all available
commands.

Figure 92. Attachments Shortcut Menu
File Attachment Context Menu

The file attachment context menu includes the following commands:
Open: Open the selected attachment in its default application
Open with …: Open the selected attachment in an application that you will
specify
Add Attachment: Create a new attachment
Copy to Templates: Create a template that you can use to create new
attachments based on the selected attachment
Open Thought Folder: Open the folder where attachments for the Thought
are stored.
Open Attachment’s Containing Folder: Open the external folder where the
selected attachment is located
Move File out of/into Brain: Switch this attachment between internal and
external storage; if you are moving the file out of your Brain, you will be
prompted to specify the destination folder
Copy: Copy the selected attachment to the clipboard

Cut: Place the selected attachment into the clipboard; the attachment will be
removed from its current location when it is pasted elsewhere in your Brain
Paste Files/Folders: Paste a file or folder you have previously copied (this
command is only enabled if there is a file or folder in the clipboard)
Delete: Delete the selected attachment (you will be prompted to confirm the
deletion)
Rename: Change the name of the selected attachment
Email Attachment Using Outlook: Open Outlook (unless

it is already open), start a new message, and automatically add the selected
attachment as an attachment of the new message
URL Attachment Context Menu

An attachment that is a Web address has a slightly different context menu.
When you right-click an attachment that is a Web address and select the Email
URL command, a new message will be started in Outlook and the address will be
inserted into the message text area.
Figure 93. URL Shortcut Menu
Attachment List Settings
You can sort the list of attachments by their name, date, size, type, or location.
To do so, simply click the heading of the column by which you want to see the list
sorted. To reverse the sort order, click the heading again. The current sort order
is indicated by the small arrow displayed in the heading.
The order of the columns in the attachment list and their sizes can also be
adjusted. To change the location of the columns, just drag the column heading to

the location of your choice. To change the size of a column, drag the border of
the column header.
Figure 94. Attachment List
Working with Multiple Attachments
You can add multiple attachments to Thoughts and you can have many types of
attachments for a single Thought. For example, if you have a Thought for a
person, you might attach their blog as a Web page, their resume in a file, and
their contact information as an Outlook link—all in the same Thought.
When there is more than one attachment, the number of attachments is

displayed on the Thought icon. For example, the Thought shown below has two
attachments:
Figure 95. Number of Attachments Indicator
To add a new attachment:
1. Activate the Thought to which you want to add an attachment.

2. Use any of these four methods to begin adding an attachment:
Click the Thought menu, then click the Add Attachment command.
Right-click the Thought, then click the Add Attachment command.
Click the Properties & Attachments tab, then click the Add
Attachment button or double-click in an empty area of the attachment
list.
Drag and drop an item into the attachment list.
Figure 96. Adding Additional Attachments

If you selected the Add Attachment command, the following dialog box will
be displayed:
Figure 97. Add Attachment Dialog Box
To create a new file, click the type of file you wish to create from the
list. You can add files to use as templates by clicking the
Templates… button.
New file types will appear on this list automatically when you install
new software on your computer.
To select an existing file, click the Link to File button, navigate to the
file of your choice, then click the Open button.
To select an existing folder, click the Link to Folder button, navigate

to the folder of your choice, then click the OK button.
To select a Web address, click the Link to URL button, type or paste
in the Internet address, then click the OK button.
Creating Virtual Thoughts by Dragging and Dropping Folders
Virtual Thoughts are used to represent folders that connect to your Brain but are
not stored inside your Brain. They are created automatically when you drag a
folder into the Plex.
Files within virtual Thoughts do not appear in the Plex as child Thoughts; they
appear in the Properties & Attachments tab. If a virtual Thought contains
folders, the folders will appear in the Plex as child Thoughts.

In addition to allowing you to navigate through the folders, Virtual Thoughts also
have the following capabilities:
You can enter Notes (including images) for virtual Thoughts.
You can create, delete, rename, copy and move files within virtual Thought
folders just as you would with regular Thoughts.
You can create Thoughts from virtual Thoughts and link Virtual Thoughts to
other Thoughts.
Figure 98. A Virtual Thought Represented by a Folder
When you open and save files that are in virtual Thoughts, they remain in their
original locations and are not converted into internal files. Any changes you make
to the contents of the folder that a virtual Thought represents are reflected
automatically in PersonalBrain.
Figure 99. Files Inside of a Virtual Thought Folder
To remove a virtual Thought from your Brain:
Right-click the link of the virtual Thought

Click the Unlink command
Figure 100. Deleting a Virtual Thought
Adding a Template File to Your Brain

There may be types of files that you create frequently that share a common look
and feel. For example, you may prepare correspondence using a common
letterhead. You can designate template files that will be at your fingertips
whenever you create attachments.
To create a template file:
1. Click the Add Attachment button in the Properties & Attachments tab.
2. Click the Templates button.
Figure 101. Adding a New Template
3. Click the Yes button to confirm that you want to open the templates folder.

4. Click the Yes button to confirm that you want to open the templates folder.
5. Drag the file of your choice into the window, then close the window. If your
file is on the desktop, you can drag it from there; otherwise, use your file
manager to navigate to the file of your choice.
The next time you open the Add Attachment dialog box, the file you added
will be available in the list of attachments.
Tip: If you edit one of the files in your templates folder, save it under a new name
in order to preserve your original template.

Advanced Navigation and Expanded Views
Changing How You View Your Thoughts
There are two views for displaying your Thoughts:
Normal view: For displaying a maximum of 3 generations at once (the

default view)
Expanded view: For displaying a limitless number of generations at once
There are three ways to change to a different view—use the Switch View button,
use the Options menu, or use the context menu.
To use the Switch View button to change the view:
Click the Switch View button at the top of the screen (just below the menu
bar).
Figure 102. Switch Between Views Button
Each time you click the Switch View button the view toggles back to the other
view. For example, if the current view is Normal and you click the Switch View
button, the view switches to Expanded.
To use the Options menu or context menu to change the view:
Click the Options menu or right-click in the Plex, click the View command,
then click the view of your choice.
Figure 103. Menus for Switching Views
Tip: One way of quickly identifying the current view is to note which view has the
check mark.

Using Expanded Thoughts View
Using the Expanded Thoughts view along with the Expand All
command lets you see all generations of your Thoughts. Using the Expanded
view gives you ultimate flexibility and control over which Thoughts are displayed
and how they are arranged. Not only can you expand your view in every direction
at once, but you can even choose to expand or collapse some Thoughts while
leaving others as they are.
Figure 104. Jane’s Brain in Normal View
Figure 105. Jane’s Brain in Expanded View after Expanding All

Figure 106. 5 Generations of Thoughts
A border around a Thought indicates that all of its generations are currently
showing.
When you switch to Expanded Thoughts view, additional generations do not

initially display. Click the Expand All and Collapse All buttons on the toolbar to
show and hide distant Thoughts. You can also use the Expand All and
Collapse All commands on the Options menu or the context menu (as shown in
Figure 103).
Figure 107. Expand All and Collapse All Buttons Increase/Decrease Generations
A rule of thumb for when you might use each view is to use Normal view when
you’re creating Thoughts and navigating the Plex and to use Expanded view for
viewing and analyzing Thoughts.

Expanding All Thoughts by One Generation

When your Brain is in Expanded view you can expand all visible Thoughts by one
generation by clicking the Expand All button. Each time you click this button,
another generation of all Thoughts will appear in the Plex.
Figure 108. Expand All Button
Collapsing All Thoughts

When your Brain is in Expanded view you can collapse all Thoughts by clicking
the Collapse All button. Only the active Thought will remain in the Plex.
Figure 109. Collapse All Button
When your Brain is in Normal view, clicking the Collapse All button hides one
generation of Thoughts (the youngest).

Expanding and Collapsing Individual Thoughts

When your Brain is in Expanded view you can expand or collapse one or more
Thoughts by using controls that appear when you point at a Thought with the
mouse. You can expand an individual Thought up to two generations using
these controls.
Figure 110. Expand and Collapse Thought Controls
The Thought will remain as you left it (expanded, collapsed, or however it was
previously) even when you point at a different Thought and expand or collapse it.
Thoughts that are surrounded by a dotted-line border have already been fully
expanded.
Figure 111. Appearance of Expanded Thoughts
Panning and Scaling the Expanded View

When in Expanded view, Thoughts may be displayed anywhere within the Plex
window; the network of Thoughts may be too large to display all Thoughts
onscreen at once.
To move all of the Thoughts onscreen at once, use your mouse to drag any blank
area of the Plex window. You can drag up, down, left, or right to position the
Thoughts in the Plex as you want to see them. Your Brain will retain its current
structure as you reposition it within the Plex.
To see more of the view at once, you can resize Thoughts using the mouse
wheel or by dragging the resizing circle behind the active Thought.
Adjusting the Distance Between Thoughts

When your Brain is in Expanded view you can change the distance between
Thoughts by holding down the Ctrl key as you move the mouse wheel up or
down.
Ctrl-wheel up to increase the distance between Thoughts
Ctrl-wheel down to decrease the distance between Thoughts

Dragging Thoughts to Different Locations in the Plex

When your Brain is in Expanded view you can adjust the layout of Thoughts by
dragging them to a new location in the Plex. Dragging a Thought will
automatically pull along connected Thoughts and push other Thoughts out of the
way as you drag.
Thoughts that have been dragged will be anchored to their assigned location
unless you move them again, you change the view, or unanchor them using the
Anchor control described below.
Before you drag a Thought, the circle in its Anchor control will be empty. After
you drag a Thought, the circle in its Anchor control will be filled. When the
control is filled, the Thought will not move unless you move it yourself. When the
Anchor control is empty, the Thought will automatically be repositioned based on
the location of the connected Thoughts.
You can click the Anchor control to toggle its state.
Figure 112. The Anchor Control
Figure 113. A Thought Dragged and Anchored

Tip: When you use Expanded view, you may find it more convenient to switch
the Plex to full screen. Double-click within the Plex to maximize it. Double-click
a second time to restore the Tools tabs.
Scroll Bars
When your Brain is in Normal view and there are more Thoughts than those
currently showing in the Plex, you will see PersonalBrain’s vertical and/or
horizontal scroll bars. You can drag the scroll box in the bar to view Thoughts
that are off the screen. The size of the scroll box automatically adjusts to give
you an approximate idea of how much content there is off-screen—a smaller
scroll box means there is more off-screen data.
Figure 114. Appearance of Scroll Bars Indicates Off-screen Volume
Filtering Thoughts from the View

If you find that you have too many Thoughts onscreen that you are no longer
using, but you do not want to forget them, you can specify Thoughts to be hidden
based on how recently you activated them. By default, the unfiltered display
shows all Thoughts regardless of how long it has been since you activated them.
By turning on the filter, you can choose to hide Thoughts that you haven’t
accessed within a specified number of days:
1. Click the Options menu, then click the Filter Thoughts command (or click
the Filter Thoughts button on the main toolbar). The Select Filter State
dialog box will be displayed.

Figure 115. Select Filter State Dialog Box
2. Click the Hide Thoughts not accessed within radio button.
3. Replace the current number with your preferred number of days, then click
the OK button.
The current filter state is indicated in the toolbar by the Filter Thoughts button.
When the button shows red dots, Thoughts are not currently being filtered. When
there are no red dots, a filter is active.
Figure 116. Appearances of Filter Button
The filter settings affect which Thoughts will display in the Plex, the search
results, and reports.
Tip: Remember to check this setting if you can’t find something that you
remember putting into your Brain.

Using Your Brain’s Extra Sensory Perception (ESP)

ESP Sync is a feature that works automatically to anticipate what Thought you
might want to activate, based on what you’re doing in another application—typing
text or copying text, files, or URLs. This intuitive assistance means you don’t
need to navigate to the Thought yourself. Note that ESP only monitors what you
type under Windows.
When ESP Sync suggests a Thought, the suggestion appears in large

dimmed type below the activate Thought.
When ESP Sync activates a Thought, it is moved to the center of the Plex as
if you activated it yourself. The name of the most recent active Thought
appears in large dimmed type below the ESP Sync-activated Thought.
Whether ESP Sync suggests or activates a Thought is based on the current

Preferences settings (explained below).
Say that ESP Sync is in “automatically activate” mode and you are composing an
email message to a friend. You don’t recall her husband’s name and you’d like to
include it in your message. Assuming you’ve entered that information in the Note
for her Thought, your Brain would automatically find it for you as you finish typing
her name by pressing the space bar or any other terminator.
Figure 117. A Thought Activated by ESP Sync

By default, ESP Sync is case-sensitive, so it will be looking for matches based on

the capitalization you use. You can turn this sensitivity off (see below).
With ESP Sync in “automatically activate” mode, if you copy a file that is attached
to a Thought on your hard drive, that Thought will be activated. So, to activate a
Thought that is link to a file, you can right-click it and click the Copy command on
the context menu (you don’t ever have to actually paste the file anywhere). This
is a convenient feature when you find a file using an external search application
such as Google Desktop and then want to see it in your Brain.
Setting ESP Sync Preferences

By default, ESP Sync is on in Suggestion mode, but you can de-activate it as
well as change how it behaves. To view or change the current settings, click the
Options menu, then click the Preferences command (or right-click a blank area
of the Plex and click Preferences in the context menu).
Figure 118: ESP Sync Options in the Preferences Dialog Box
To turn ESP Sync off:
Uncheck Monitor clipboard

Uncheck Monitor keyboard
To turn case-sensitivity off:
Uncheck Ignore text that is all lowercase
To request that a Thought found by ESP Sync stays active beyond one minute
even if you don’t click within your Brain:
Uncheck Cancel if not used within 1 minute
To have ESP Sync automatically activate a Thought instead of only making a

suggestion:
Expand Activation and select Automatically activate
To have ESP Sync only suggest a Thought instead of making it active:
Expand Activation and select Suggest only

Using PersonalBrain Tools

You can think of each of PersonalBrain’s six Tools as a personal assistant who is
ready to help when asked. You can give any of them the day, week, or year off if
you choose not to use their services, but they’re all standing by, ready to assist
you—-at the click of your mouse.
Figure 119. PersonalBrain’s Six Tool Tabs
Tools Overview
Each of the six Tool tabs can be displayed on any side of the PersonalBrain
window. You can change their size to suit your preferences. Here are general
guidelines that apply to all Tools:
To access a Tool, click its tab. For example, to access the Calendar Tool,
click the Calendar tab.
To enter information using a Thought-specific Tool, activate the Thought,

then click the Tool’s tab.
To view Thought-specific Tool information for a particular Thought, use the

mouse to point to that Thought and highlight it. If no Thought is highlighted,
the information displayed is for the active Thought. Because the Search Tool
and the Reports Tool do not pertain to specific Thoughts, their window
content is not affected by the active or highlighted Thought.

Figure 120. Some Tools Pertain to Specific Thoughts
To make the Tools window taller or shorter: Point at the area just above
the Tools window. When the sizing mouse pointer appears, drag up or down
to make the window taller or shorter.
To make a Tools tab wider or narrower: Drag the middle border left or
right.
Figure 121. Sizing the Tools Window
To separate a Tool from other Tools: Drag its tab to the side of the Plex or
any other Tool pane. You can drop tabs on the side area of any pane to move
the associated Tool there.

Figure 122. Docking a Tool in the Plex

To merge a Tool into another Tool’s window: Drag its tab to the center of
another Tool’s window.
Figure 123. Merging a Tool with Other Tools

To maximize or restore a Tool: Double-click on the Tool’s tab.
Figure 124. Maximizing and Restoring a Tool
The Pro Edition allows advanced layout options for the Tools tabs, including
auto-hiding and floating the tabs. To enable advanced layout options, click the
Options menu, then click the Advanced Tools Layout option.
These three buttons are available in the right side of each Tool in Advanced
Tools layout:
Tip: Click the Reset Tools Layout command on the Options menu any time to
restore the Tools to the default layout.

Figure 125. Restoring Default Tools Tabs Layout
Notes
Figure 126. Notes Tab
Notes associated with a Thought are visible when the Notes tab is active. They
can be extremely useful for annotating or expanding information about your
Thought.
Notes are HTML-based, making it easy to embed hyperlink, images, and more.
Also, HTML-based notes can be conveniently published on the Web.
Using Notes Menu Commands

The menu bar at the top of the Notes tab contains menus that pertain only to
Notes. Some commands are global for all Notes and some apply to just the
active note. For example, all View menu commands pertain to Notes for all
Thoughts while the Format menu commands pertain to the specific Note that is
active.

For details about all commands on all Notes Tool menus see the Lookup
Reference for All Menu Commands section beginning with Notes Tool File Menu
on page 163.
Using the Notes Toolbar

The Notes toolbar includes tools for basic word processing activities. You’ve
probably used many of these buttons before in multiple applications.
Figure 127. Notes Toolbar
Entering Notes
To enter a Note, activate the Thought to which the Note pertains, then click in the
open area below the Notes toolbar buttons and begin typing. By default, text
appears in Design view, but you can switch to the HTML view if needed.
Optionally, you can select a different typeface, font size, text color, or other
attribute first, and then begin typing.
Notes are saved automatically when another Thought is activated.
The standard techniques you use in other text editors when you type, revise, and
format in PersonalBrain Notes:
Allow automatic word wrapping to control line endings, except when you want
to begin a new paragraph—press the Enter key to begin a new paragraph.
If you want to change the appearance—type face, size, color, highlighting—

and want to have control over exactly which text becomes formatted, select
the text first.
Standard text selection techniques work in Notes:
♦ Drag the mouse through text to select it, or

♦ Click at the beginning of the text, then hold down the Shift key as you
click at the end of the text to select all text in between, or
♦ Double-click to select an entire word, triple-click to select an entire line
Standard keyboard shortcuts—such as Ctrl-c for Copy, Ctrl-v for Paste, and
Ctrl-a for Select All—work as you would expect in Notes. (On Mac OS, the
standard Command key shortcuts also work.) You can copy and paste within
Notes and between PersonalBrain and other applications.
One special feature for PersonalBrain Notes is that if no text is selected and you
select a formatting command such as bold, highlighting, or change in typeface or
font size, the formatting will apply to the entire word in which the cursor is
currently blinking.

Tip: You can press Ctrl-z (or click the Edit menu, then click the Undo command)
to immediately undo your most recent action in Notes.
Saving Notes
While Notes are saved automatically when another Thought is activated, if you
are typing a note that is very long you may want to perform manual “interim
saves” to guard against losing information in the event of a power failure.
To save a note manually:
1. Click the File menu within the Notes tab.
2. Click the Save command.
Figure 128. Notes Saved Message
A “Notes saved” message will appear in the upper-right area of the Plex to
confirm the success of your action. The Save command will be grayed in the
File menu until you make a new change in the active Note.
Tip: Ctrl-S is the keyboard shortcut for saving the active Note.
Printing Notes
To print the active Note, click the File menu within the Tools window, then click
the Print command. The Print dialog box will open and you can fine-tune your
print request.
Checking Your Spelling
A spell checker is automatically at work for your Notes. Potential misspellings are
automatically highlighted and you can right-click to view suggested spellings.
Click the suggestion of your choice to replace the misspelled word. You can
customize the dictionary by adding words to it.

Figure 129. Spell Checker in a Note
If you prefer not to see misspellings flagged as you type:
1. Click the Tools menu in the Notes tab.
2. Click the Disable Check Spelling As You Type command.
Figure 130. Disabling Spell Checking
This is a toggle command. When you want to turn the feature on again, click the
Tools menu and click the Enable Check Spelling As You Type command. You
can always check spelling manually by clicking the Check Spelling command.
Copying Formatting
You can use the Format Painter button to copy formatting you’ve used in a Note
to other text within the same Note. You may have used a Format Painter button
in other applications and it works similarly.

1. Use the mouse to select one or more characters that have formatting you
want to copy (or just click within text that has the formatting you want to
copy).
2. Click the Format Painter button.
3. Select the text that should receive the formatting.
Figure 131. Format Painter Button
Inserting Tables
You can insert tables into your Notes.
1. Click where you want the table to be inserted within the Note.
2. Click the Insert menu, then click the Insert Table command. The Insert
Table dialog box will be displayed.

Figure 132. Insert Table Dialog Box
3. By default, the table will have two rows and two columns. You can change
these settings or any of the other default settings to suit your needs. Click
the OK button when the settings are as you want them to be.
4. Unless you’ve changed the default settings, the table will span 100% of the
Note width. You can change the width of any column by dragging the
vertical bar on the right border of the column.
Figure 133. Changing Column Width
Tip: Wait for the mouse pointer to appear as a double-headed arrow before you
try to drag a column border.
If you are accustomed to using tables in other applications, the techniques will be
very familiar to you:
Move from cell to cell: Press the Tab key
Add a new row to the end of the table: Click in the last cell, then press the
Tab key

Delete a row or column: Select the row (by dragging through it or pointing at
its left-most border) or select the column (by dragging through it or pointing at
its top-most border), then press the Delete key
Figure 134. Selecting Table Rows or Columns
Format table content: Select the table cells (by dragging or pointing) then
apply text formatting as usual, using the buttons in the Notes tab
Embedding Hyperlinks
You can insert hyperlinks into your Notes and use them to open Web pages or
email addresses.
1. Click the Insert menu, then click the Insert Hyperlink command.
2. Enter the text you want to see in the Note in the Text to display field.
3. Either paste the address (if you have copied it from the address bar when
the site was open) or type the address in the Address field.

Figure 135. Insert a Hyperlink in a Note
4. Click the OK button.
Figure 136. Appearance of a Hyperlink in a Note
To use the hyperlink once it’s embedded in your Note, hold down Ctrl while you
click the link.
Counting Your Words

You can find out how many words and characters are in the active Note.
1. Click the Tools menu in the Notes tab.
2. Click the Word Count command.

Figure 137. Counting Words
3. When you are finished looking at the information in the Word Count
message box, click the OK button.
Figure 138. Word Count Message Box
Properties & Attachments
Figure 139. Properties & Attachments Tab
All properties and attachments associated with a Thought are visible when the
Properties & Attachments tab is active. This offers a central, consolidated
location for viewing and managing a Thought’s name, type, display
characteristics, label, tags, and attachments.

Using the Properties & Attachments Toolbar

Here is an overview of what you can accomplish using the buttons in the
Properties & Attachments tab.
Add Attachment: Create a new file or attach an existing

file, folder, or URL.
Open Folder: Open the folder that contains all internal files
for the Thought.
Open Attachment: Open the currently-selected attachment

in list.
Delete Attachment: Delete the currently-selected

attachment in list.
Copy Attachment: Copy the currently-selected attachment

in list to the clipboard.
Cut Attachment: Copy the currently-selected attachment in

list to the clipboard and delete it from its current location.
Paste Attachment: Place the clipboard contents into the list

of attachments.
Keeping Properties & Attachments Open

You can keep multiple Properties & Attachments windows for multiple Thoughts
open at once. This may come in handy when you want to transfer attachments
from one Thought to another or when you just want to keep one Thought’s
properties open for reference.
To open a Thought’s Properties & Attachments in a separate window:
Right-click the Thought, then click the Properties & Attachments command
on the context menu
A separate Properties & Attachments window will open. You can move and
size this window as you would other windows. Close the window by clicking its
close [X] button when you no longer need it open.
See Adding Files, Web Pages, and Folders beginning on page 79 for more
information about working with attachments.

Details
Figure 140. Details Tab for a Thought
Thought details are displayed on the Details tab for every Thought, including the
date and time of the most recent modification to the Thought, the total size of the
Thought’s attachments, date and time of original creation, internal identification
number, and GUID identification.
These values may be used for future integrations when publishing content or
interfacing with PersonalBrain through an application program interface (API) or
an XML file.
To view this information for any Thought:
1. Either point to or activate the Thought.
2. Click the Details tab.
When a Thought’s attachments are modified, the modification date of the

Thoughts is also automatically updated, improving the accuracy of your searches
and filters.
Search
PersonalBrain includes powerful search capabilities. You can:
Search for a Thought and activate it instantly—the Instant Activation

feature lets you quickly find a Thought by typing a few letters, and choosing
from a list of “hits.” After you click the Thought of your choice, that Thought is
automatically activated.
Search within Notes—a robust full text index provides a fast natural
language search through all of your notes.

Search within attached Web pages—your searches will automatically

extend into any Web pages you have attached to your Thoughts.
Search within attachments—your searches automatically

include the contents of attachments. If the text you’re searching for exists
within documents including PDFs, Word, Excel, PowerPoint and many other
file formats, the documents containing the text will be found.
Figure 141. Search Tab Before a Search
If you click the Search tab before searching for something, it looks like Figure
141 (above). As soon as you perform an extended search, additional features
become available, as shown below. If a search result is a Thought in your Brain,
clicking on it in the results list activates that Thought.
Figure 142. Search Tab After an Extended Search
Using the Search Toolbar

Followng is an overview of what you can accomplish using the buttons in the
Search tab.

Under Active: When selected, limits possible search results

to the active Thought and its child Thoughts.
In Selection: When selected, limits possible search results to

Thoughts in the Selection box. (When you Ctrl-click on one
or more Thoughts, the names of each of these Thoughts
displays in the PersonalBrain Selection box.)
Sort: Search results may appear in order based on their

relevance or by date modified (how recently the item was
revised).
Clear Results: The search results are removed and only the
Advanced button remains in the Search tab.
Advanced: Opens the Advanced Search dialog box to let

you fine-tune your search further.
Performing an Extended Search

To perform an extended search:
Type what you’re looking for in the Search field, then click the Search button
Your Search results will appear in the Search tab. The terms you searched for
are highlighted in yellow in the results list. By default, the most relevant items
appear first on the list—that is, the items you that have the most content relevant
to the terms you searched for.
Alternately, you can use the Sort drop-down list to order the list of results by the
dates the items were last modified.

Figure 143. Search Results
Click on any link in the Search results to go directly to the item, whatever it may
be. For example, in the second found item above, clicking on “Improv” would
activate the Thought named “Improv” (whose parent is “Theatre”) and clicking on
the URL shown in green type would open that Web page in your browser.
Fine-Tuning Your Extended Searches

Your Brain makes certain assumptions automatically:
You don’t want common words that occur in most documents—a, an, or, the,
you, it, to, etc.—to be included in the search
You would like variations of the word you’re searching for to be included in
the search
Example: You enter the word swim—PersonalBrain looks for swim, swims,
swimming, and swam
You don’t care in what sequence the words you’re looking for appear
Example: You enter the words change directions—PersonalBrain also

looks for sequences such as “change in directions,” “direction
changes,” and “changing his direction”
If you do care in what sequence the words you’re looking for appear, indicate
this by using quotation marks
Example: You enter the words “change directions”—within quotation

marks—PersonalBrain will not find sequences such as “change in
directions,” “direction changes,” and “changing his direction” (but

will find occurrences such as “change directions,” “changing

direction,” and “change directional”)
The following are other ways to customize your searches:
To do this … Do this …
Make one or more search Type OR (in upper-case letters) between the
terms optional terms
Example: dinner OR lunch OR restaurant

will find all items that have ANY of these terms
Make some search terms Use a combination of AND and OR between

required and some terms terms and type parentheses to indicate priority
optional
Example: (dinner OR lunch) AND restaurant
will only find items that contain “restaurant,”
but some items may also include “dinner” or
they may also include “lunch”
Eliminate search results that Type NOT (in upper-case letters) before the
contain specified search terms term
Example: restaurant NOT brunch will only

find items that include the term “restaurant” but
do NOT include the term “brunch”
Search for all terms starting Type an asterisk (*) after the term
with specified characters
Example: car* will find terms such as card,
cart, cartilage, and carriage
Search for all terms starting Type a question mark (?) after the term
with specified characters and
ending with only one character Example: ten? will find terms such as tent and
tens
Using Advanced Search Features

You can use the Advanced Search feature to fine-tune your search to increase
the likelihood of finding exactly what you’re looking for.
1. Click the Advanced button in the Search tab.

Figure 144. Advanced Search Dialog Box
Type information in any of the first four fields, none of which are case-
sensitive, and/or
Select a Thought type from the drop-down Thought Type list, and/or
Select the second radio button for Modified Since (which will limit the
search to items that were modified since the date you specify)
2. Click the OK button to begin the search.
The more fields you use in the Advanced Search dialog box, the fewer results
will appear. Each field has an “and” relationship with the other fields. In order to
qualify for being included in your results, items will need to match ALL of the
conditions you specify—whatever is in the All of the words field AND in the
Exact phrase field, and so on.
Tip: Here are ways you can use the Advanced Search dialog box fields:
All of the words: Type any words that all MUST be included in the item(s)
you want to find. Separate each word with a space, comma, or semi-colon.
Exact phrase: Type one or more words exactly as they must appear in the
item(s) you want to find. You don’t need to enter punctuation and remember
that none of these fields are case-sensitive.
At least one of the words: This is an “either/or” field. If you type multiple
words here and an item includes one or more of them, but not necessarily all
of them, the item is a valid candidate for matching your search conditions.
Thought Type: If you are searching for Thoughts that have an assigned type,
select the type from the drop-down list.

Modified Since: By default, the search will ignore the date on which items
were last modified. Optionally, select the alternate radio button which will
allow you to specify a date.
Figure 145. Sample Results of an Advanced Search
Notice that when PersonalBrain displays the results of your Advanced Search,
you have an opportunity to check what you requested. Your search criteria
displays after the “Search results for” heading at the top of the Search results
window. This makes it easier to trouble-shoot any unexpected results.
Customizing how Search Results are Handled

Use the Search tab in the Preferences dialog box to manage how search results
are handled. (Click the Preferences command on the Options menu to open
the dialog box.)

Figure 146. Search Tab in the Preferences Dialog Box
Select the Merge Thought and content results check box to

consolidate Search results into a single list instead of showing
Thought name matches separately
Select the Only display one search result per Thought check box
to only show the single most relevant occurrence of the search terms
within a Thought regardless of how many different places the terms
may appear in the Thought
Click the Maximum file size to index drop-down arrow to select the
largest file size you want to allow to be indexed; enabling larger files
to be indexed gives greater coverage, but may provide less relevant
results in some cases

Reports
Figure 147. Reports Tab
The Reports tab provides another way of seeing the contents of your Brain and
activating Thoughts quickly.
When you click the Reports tab, you see a list of Thoughts with their icons and
colors set according to their properties. Clicking on a Thought in the list activates
that Thought. The bars to the left of each Thought provide a visual cue for how
many times you’ve activated each Thought in the last 30 days—the wider the
bar, the more times you’ve activated the Thought. The total number of Thoughts
currently showing is provided in the bottom-left corner of the window.
Customizing Reports
You can customize the contents of the report in a number of ways:
Limit types: Click the drop-down arrow button for types to limit the report to a
specific Thought type.
Figure 148. Selecting Specific Types for the Report

Limit based on attachments: Click the second drop-down arrow button,

then select the attachment type of your choice.
Figure 149. Running Reports Based on Attachment Types
Limit dates: Click the drop-down arrow button for dates to limit the report to
specific Thought activation, modification, or creation dates. As soon as you
select one of these options, a calendar will be displayed so that you can
easily select a date.
Figure 150. Selecting Specific Dates for the Report
Specify sort order: Click the Sort drop-down arrow button to specify in what
sequence you want the report data to be displayed.
Figure 151. Changing Report Sort Order
Keep in mind that the date options for the Sort field are separate from the date
options for filtering the Report contents. Sorting and filtering provide separate
ways of fine-tuning report results.

Specify “from/to” date ranges: You can indicate both a start date and end
date to further fine-tune the content of Reports. Click the drop-down arrow
button dates, then click on any of the options except “All dates.” A default
start date and end date will appear in two separate fields. Click on either or
both of the date fields to display a calendar from which you can select a
different date.
Figure 152. Date Filter Options
Refresh report data: Click the Refresh button to update the list of Thoughts
that match your report criteria.
Figure 153. The Refresh Button

Calendar
Your Brain has its own built-in Calendar. You can add and modify events that are
integrated with your Thoughts. You can view your Calendar a day, week, month,
or year at a time.
Figure 154. Calendar Views
Click an event on your Calendar to automatically activate the Thought with which
the event is associated.
Adding an Event
All events must be associated with a Thought, so before you add an event,
decide which Thought it belongs with or create a new Thought if needed.
1. Activate the Thought with which you want the new event to be associated.
2. Click the Calendar tab. The view will be as you left it the last time you
accessed your Calendar—you will see a day, a week, a month, or twelve
months in the left panel of the Calendar tab.

Figure 155. Add Event Button
3. Click the Add Event button. You will see a place to type in the name of the
event on the right-side panel of the Calendar tab.
4. Optionally, click “Unspecified” in the Time column and select a time. The
event will appear on the currently selected day in the Calendar.
Figure 156. Selecting an Event Time
5. You can change the priority of the event by clicking the dot to the left of the
event name and selecting the red up-arrow (high priority) or the blue down-
arrow (low priority). Re-select the dot to leave the priority set as normal.
The priority you assign to an event will determine the color in which it displayed
on the Calendar.
Figure 157. Changing an Event’s Priority
6. The check box to the left of the priority indicator is for marking the event as
complete, so you probably won’t use it at the same time that you create an
event.

To change the default date for new events, you can click on a day in the
Calendar. The current default day is displayed in blue. To make today the default
day, click the Today button above the calendar.
Tip: Remember to activate the relevant Thought before you add an event to the
Calendar so that the event is automatically connected to the Thought.
Viewing Events
When there are too many events to be displayed in the current view, an arrow
followed by the number of hidden events is displayed. Click on this arrow to
move to the day view and show the events.
Event descriptions that are too long to show are displayed in full when the
mouse points at them.
Figure 158. Reading Event Notes
Navigating Your Calendar

Whether you’re looking at your Calendar a day, week, or month at a time, each
view has a back and forward arrow for moving one unit of time in the associated
direction. For example, if you are looking at a week view, click the forward arrow
to see the following week.

Figure 159. Moving Backward and Forward
Clicking the Calendar’s header changes the Calendar to the next larger unit of
duration. For example, if you are in week view and you click on the week
indicator at the top of the Calendar, you will see the Calendar for the whole
month. Similarly, if you are in month view and you click on the month indicator at
the top of the Calendar, you will see all the months in the year. You can move
forwards and backwards between years by, again, clicking the back and forward
arrows.
Marking Events as Complete

You can mark Calendar events as complete by clicking the check box to the left
of the event’s priority indicator. Clicking the check box a second time removes
the completion check mark. Once the event is marked as complete, associated
reminders will no longer display.
Figure 160. A Completed Event
Completed events are automatically crossed off in the Calendar.

Deleting an Event
To delete an event on the Calendar, click on it and then click the Delete button.
You can delete multiple events at once by holding down the Ctrl key as you click
each event to select non-adjacent events, or click the first event in the list and
then hold down the Shift key as you click the last event to be included in the
selection. All selected events will be deleted when you click the Delete button.
Figure 161. Deleting an Event
Snoozing and Dismissing Events

Events can be individually snoozed and dismissed in the Past Due Reminders
dialog box. Click the row for the entry of your choice, then click the Dismiss or
Snooze button. Optionally, select when you want to be reminded in the Remind
again in field.
Figure 162. Dismissing or Snoozing Individual Events

Printing Your Brain
Printing Your Brain

You can print views of your Brain easy and accurately.
Printing huge views scaled across multiple pages is supported for up to 100
pages. Your Brain may fill an entire wall!
Regardless of the number of pages you select for your print action, all Thoughts
that are currently displayed in the Plex will be included in the print version.
To specify how your Brain will be printed:
1. Make sure that all Thoughts that you want to print are visible in the Plex. To
print many Thoughts at once, switch to expanded view (see Using
Expanded Thoughts View on page 94) first and expand the areas you want
visible.
2. Click the File menu, then click the Page Setup and Multi-Page Poster
Printing command. The Page Setup dialog box will be displayed:
Figure 163. Page Setup Dialog Box

Printing Your Brain
3. If appropriate, change settings for paper size, orientation, or margins, then

click the OK button. The Print Settings dialog box will be displayed:
Figure 164. Print Settings Dialog Box
4. Select the number of pages you would like your Brain to span, then click
the OK button.
When you use the Print command on the File menu to actually print your Brain,
these settings will be in effect.

Using Outlook with Your Brain
Your Brain is integrated with Microsoft Outlook messages, contacts, journal

items, meetings, notes, appointments, and tasks. You can drag and drop any of
these items into your Brain and they will be maintained as links directly to the
original item inside of Outlook.
These features apply only to Outlook and are not applicable to Outlook Express.
Adding Contacts to Thoughts

Contacts added to your Thoughts are automatically linked directly to the original
item inside of Outlook.
1. Activate the Thought with which the contact will be associated.
2. In Outlook, navigate to the contact of your choice and drag it to your Brain.
Drop the contact in an empty area of the Plex to create a new Thought or
drop it on top of an existing Thought to add an attachment for the contact to
that Thought.
Figure 165. Adding a Contact to a Thought

The Contact will be added as a child of the active Thought. When you open the
attachment, the Contact will open inside of Outlook.
Adding Messages to Thoughts

Messages added to your Thoughts are automatically linked directly to the original
item inside of Outlook.
1. Activate the Thought with which the message will be associated.
2. In Outlook, navigate to the message of your choice and drag it to your

Brain. The message will become a child of the active Thought. You can
also drop a message on top of an existing Thought.
Figure 166. Adding a Message to a Thought
Adding Other Outlook Objects with Drag and Drop

In addition to contacts and messages, many other items can be dragged from
Outlook into PersonalBrain. The list of supported objects includes:
Messages
Contacts
Journal Items
Meetings
Notes
Appointments
Tasks
Copying Contacts into Notes

You can also drag a contact into the Notes tab of the active Thought to insert the
contact details into notes.
Emailing Attachments
You can email any Attachment in your Brain as an Outlook attachment.

Right-click on any attachment and click Email Attachment Using Outlook

on the context menu. Outlook will open automatically (unless it is already
open) and start a new message. The attachment will be added to the
Attachment list.
Figure 167. Email Attachment Using Outlook Command
You can also drag attachments from the attachments list in PersonalBrain to
messages you have already started composing in Outlook and they will be added
as attachments.

Sharing Your Brain
Sharing Your Brain
You can export your Brain in a variety of formats for easy sharing with others.
The HTML-based export formats can be used to send your Brain to people even
if they don’t have PersonalBrain on their computers.
To share your Brain, you can either share the exported files over a local network,
email them, or upload to a Web server. For Web hosting, contact your ISP or
search for “Web hosting” on the Internet to find a suitable host if you do not
already have access to a Web server. Any Web server can be used—there are
no special requirements for hosting an exported Brain.
Exporting Your Brain to a SiteBrain Web Site

You can place your Brain on the Web—why keep it all to yourself? This export
format features a fully animated Brain that requires no plug-ins to access.
SiteBrain is a technology that creates an animated Web page using Ajax Web
standards so that it can be quickly and easily seen in most Web browsers.
The result is a stunning Web site that will both impress your users and help
them find information more easily.
SiteBrains published for individual use that are accessible to everyone via the
public Web do not require any additional license and can be published free of
charge from TheBrain.
Publishing to a non-Web-based file share or onto a CD or other removable

media is also free of charge.
SiteBrains published to a private intranet for commercial use and SiteBrains

that incorporate any kind of username/password authentication require that
you obtain a commercial license from TheBrain.
A SiteBrain is compatible with iPhone. The Plex of the SiteBrain window can
be resized and SiteBrains include the Past Thought list. In addition, the
SiteBrain has a Search field for finding content within your Brain instantly,
based on the starting characters of Thought names.
To export your Brain as a SiteBrain to a Web site:
1. Click the File menu, point to the Export submenu, then click the SiteBrain
HTML with XML Data command. The Export Options dialog box will be
displayed.

Sharing Your Brain
Figure 168. SiteBrain HTML with XML Data Export Options Dialog Box
2. You can change any of the default settings in the dialog box, as
appropriate. Click OK to begin the export.
During the export process, you will see a running indication of the progress. After
a short time, depending on how big your Brain is, the exported file will open in
your default browser. You will see a functioning representation of your Brain,
ready for sharing with others.
If you export your Brain again later to the same location, only the changes you
made will be exported. This makes the export process much faster next time.

Sharing Your Brain
Lee Todd
Figure 169. An Exported Brain
If you open a SiteBrain in Internet Explorer from a local file, it will show a security
warning and will not display your Brain immediately. Select the message at the
top of the window and choose "Allow Blocked Content..." to proceed. There is no
security risk.
This warning will not appear once you have placed your SiteBrain on a Web
server.
Brains can also be copied to CDs or USB drives using these steps. Indicate the
destination of your choice in the Output Folder field or simply copy the output
files to the location of your choice after the export has completed.
Exporting Your Brain as a Simple HTML

The Simple HTML Export creates a Web site that uses a more conventional
menu style layout. Content exported using the view may be freely posted to any
Web server at no charge.

Sharing Your Brain
To export your Brain as a Simple HTML Web site:
1. Click the File menu, point to the Export submenu, then click the Simple
HTML command. The Export Options dialog box will be displayed.
Figure 170. Simple HTML Export Options Dialog Box
During the export process, you will see a running indication of the progress.
After a short time, depending on how big your Brain is, the exported HTML
file will open in your default browser.

Sharing Your Brain
Figure 171. Exported Simple HTML Brain
Exporting Your Brain as XML for BrainEKP

PersonalBrain can also export your Brain as a single file containing all the data.
This format is intended for use with TheBrain’s enterprise product, BrainEKP,
which offers a multiple user collaborative environment for building an
organization wide Brain. The resulting file is a PersonalBrain Archive (PBA) file
which contains XML for all your Brain’s data, HTML for notes, and files for
attachments. This file format may also be used by some third-party software.
This format is the same as the format created by the PersonalBrain Exporter for
PersonalBrain 3.
To export your Brain as XML for BrainEKP:
1. Click the File menu, point to the Export submenu, then click the XML for
BrainEKP command. The Export Options dialog box will be displayed.
Using BrainZip to Send Your Brain to Others

You can send your Brain as an attachment to an email message. To make the
attachment as small as possible, you can use PersonalBrain’s BrainZip feature to
create a compact file with all the information inside your Brain.
To create a BrainZip:
1. Click the File menu, then click the Create BrainZip command.

Sharing Your Brain
2. In the Create BrainZip Options dialog box, select or deselect items to be

included. Only items that are actually in your Brain will be available for
selection.
Figure 172. Create BrainZip Options
3. Click the Browse button, if necessary, to change the Output folder where
the BrainZip will be saved. Then, click the OK button.
You will see a progress bar as the files are compressed and the new file will
have a “brainzip” extension.
Figure 173. Saved Brainzip file
BrainZip files are NOT .zip files. The BrainZip format uses zip compression, but
also optimizes the Brain data in other ways to eliminate redundant information.
You should not use zip file utilities to modify or access your BrainZip files as
doing so may corrupt them.
Merging Brains
You can copy all Thoughts from one Brain to another by using the Merge Brain
feature.
1. Open the Brain into which you want to merge another Brain.
2. Click the File menu and then click the Merge Brain command.

Sharing Your Brain
Figure 174. Merging Brains
3. Use the Select PersonalBrain File dialog box to choose the Brain you
want to merge into the active Brain.
4. Click the Yes button to acknowledge that merging is not an action that can
be undone.
5. A progress bar will display as the Brains are merged. When the merge is
complete, the Thought that was active at the start of the merge will be
linked to the last active Thought from the merged Brain.
The only Brain that is changed is the one that is open when you begin the merge
procedure. The Brain you select during step 3 is not changed at all.
Copying Thoughts into Other Applications as an Outline

You can copy Thoughts from the Selection box into other programs such as
Microsoft Word or Excel and the Thoughts will be formatted as an indented
hierarchical list.
To copy one or more Thoughts into another program as an outline:
1. Select all of the Thoughts you want to include in the outline (Ctrl-click on a
Thought to add it to the selection or use the commands on the Edit menu to
quickly create a selection).
2. Click the Edit menu and then click the Copy as Text Outline command.
Figure 175. Copying Thoughts as an Outline

Sharing Your Brain
3. Open the other application and click where the outline version of the
Thoughts should be inserted.
4. Right-click and then click the Paste command on the context menu (or click
the Edit menu and then click the Paste command).
Figure 176. Samples of Outlines Created by Pasting Thoughts from PersonalBrain
Importing Outlines from Word or Excel into a Brain

You can copy content that has been set up in an outline format within Word or
Excel into a Brain. Once pasted into the Brain, the content will retain the same
hierarchical structure as in the source file.
1. In the source application, select the text to be included, then copy it by

right-clicking within the selection and clicking the Copy command on the
context menu (or click the Edit menu and then click the Copy command).
If you are using Word, make sure that a hard return (paragraph break)
separates each paragraph and that the Tab key has been used to
indent each entry to the proper position.
Figure 177. Information Ready for Import from Word

Sharing Your Brain
If you are using Excel, each item that will become a Thought needs to
be in a separate column and row. Columns are used to indicate the
level of indentation and show which Thoughts will become children.
Figure 178. Information Ready for Import from Excel
The information you have entered into the source application will be
turned into Thoughts.
Figure 179. After Importing
2. In your Brain, activate the Thought that will be the parent of the inserted
outline, click the Edit menu, and then click the Paste Outline command. A
progress bar will show the new Thoughts being pasted in.
Figure 180. Pasting an Outline from Another Application
3. In the event of duplicate names, the Thought Name Exists box will
display. In this case, select the option of your choice from the drop-down
list and then click the OK button.

Sharing Your Brain
Figure 181. Handing Duplicate Thought Names
Click Link to (Thought name) to avoid inserting a new Thought with

an existing name and, instead, to automatically create a link from the
existing Thought to the new Thoughts being pasted in
Click Create New to allow duplicate Thought names and not link to
the original Thought with the same name
Click Cancel Paste to abort the operation
Backing Up Your Brain

You can back up your Brain by using PersonalBrain’s BrainZip feature to create a
compact file containing all the information used by your Brain. Everything in your
Brain can be recreated from a BrainZip with the exception of externally linked
files. We recommend storing your backup in a safe location, preferably not in the
same physical location as your computer in case of a fire or other emergency.
See the previous section for a description of how to create BrainZip files.
You can also back up your Brain by simply copying the .brain file and _brain
folder; however this method will take more time and occupy more storage space.
See the following section for more information on where your Brain data is
stored.
Looking Under the Hood: Where Your Brain Stores Content

The data for your Brain in stored in the folder that you specified when you
created it. This defaults to your user folder where your other documents are or
the “My Brains” folder if you upgraded from an earlier version of PersonalBrain.
Each Brain you create is stored in a file with the extension “.brain” and folder that
has a name ending in “_brain.” The file and folder must be kept together in order
to work properly. If you have named a Brain “Pat Green,” its file and folder will be
named “Pat Green.brain” and “Pat Green_brain,” respectively.
PersonalBrain uses its own database to track the relationships between all
information in your Brain. This database, as well as the search index and other
information, is all stored inside the _brain folder. Attachments for your Thoughts
are stored in the “Files” subfolder of the _brain folder.
The size of a _brain folder depends on how many Thoughts it contains and how
much content is associated with each Thought.

Lookup Reference for All Menu Commands

You can use this section of the Guide to look up more information about specific
commands as you’re using your Brain. The order in which each command
appears matches what you’ll see on your screen.
Tip: Many of the menu commands are also available on context menus, so
remember to right-click on your area of focus to see if there’s a shortcut.
File Menu
Figure 182. File Menu
New Brain Command

Create a new Brain. Type the name of your new Brain in the blank text field
and then click the Browse button to select a folder in which your new Brain
will reside. PersonalBrain will create a new _brain folder using the name you
enter for the new Brain.
Click the OK button when you have named the new brain and selected the
location of your choice. Your Brain’s name will appear in the middle of the
Plex and it will be the first active Thought in your new Brain.

Open Brain Command

Open an existing Brain. You will be able to navigate to the folder that
contains the Brain you want to open. Select the file with the .brain extension.
It will be contained in the same folder in which the related _brain folder
resides. For example, if you have a Brain named “My Work Brain” that
resides in C:\My Brains, you will need to open a file named C:\My Brains\My
Work Brain.brain.
Merge Brain Command

Copy all Thoughts from one Brain to another. Begin in the Brain which will
receive the other Brain. The only Brain that is changed is the one that is
open when you begin the merge procedure. The original Brain being added is
not changed at all.
Rename Command
Change the name of the active Brain (the Brain that is currently open).
Renaming your Brain does NOT automatically change the name of the first
Thought (which is also the default “Home” Thought). To change the name of
the Home Thought, right-click it, click Rename in the shortcut menu, make
your revisions, then close the Rename box.
Create BrainZip Command

Create a zipped (compressed) version of your entire Brain file in a
location of your choice so that it can be stored as a backup copy or sent to
others. You can designate whether or not the BrainZip includes your private
Thoughts, links, and attachments.
Close Brain Command

Close the active Brain. After you close a Brain, the PersonalBrain window
remains open.
Print Plex Command

Print the Thoughts in the Plex. This command provides standard features
for printing such as selecting a printer and requesting the number of copies.
Make sure to adjust settings as necessary by using the Page Setup and
Multi-Page Poster Printing command FIRST, and then clicking the Print
Plex command to print based on your instructions.
Page Setup and Multi-Page Poster Printing Command

Specify how your Brain will appear on paper. The Page Setup dialog box
lets you specify size, orientation, and page margins. After you make these
choices and click the OK button, you will be prompted se select the number
of pages across which your Brain will span. These settings will be applied
when you use the Print Plex command. For complete information about
printing large Brains, please see Printing Your Brain beginning on page 135.

Import Command
For inserting an external folder, Internet Explorer favorites, or a Brain

created in PersonalBrain 3. Activate the Thought that will receive the import
before you run this command.
When you import a folder, it becomes a child Thought of the active Thought.
When you import your IE favorites, each one becomes a separate child
Thought of the active Thought. When you import a PersonalBrain 3 Brain, the
entire Brain becomes a child of the active Thought (which, in turn, has
whatever structure it had originally). So, make sure to activate the appropriate
Thought prior to clicking the Import command.
Export Command
Export your Brain in to different format—SiteBrain HTML with XML data,

simple HTML, or XML for BrainEKP.
Please see Sharing Your Brain beginning on page 140 for details.
Utilities Sub-Menu
For viewing a statistical report, rebuilding the search index, refreshing

the Web pages index, or rebuilding the icon cache. Click the Statistics
command to display the active Brain’s information such as number of
Thoughts, links, Notes, and attachments in a message box. Click the OK
button in the message box when you’re done viewing the report.
When you click the Refresh Web Pages Index command or the Rebuild
Search Index command you will see a message box informing you that these
operations may take some time. You will be able to choose whether to
proceed or not.

The Rebuild Icon Cache procedure updates the icons displayed for all
Thoughts and proceeds in the background after it is selected. Under normal
circumstances, icons are updated automatically and there is no need to use
this command.
The Clear Thought Activity Log command lets you delete the record of how
many times and at what times each Thought was activated.
Previous Brains Section

Open a recently accessed Brain. Click on a filename in this section to open
a Brain without using the Open command. This can save you some
navigating if you have multiple brains in different locations.
Exit Command
Close the PersonalBrain window. Clicking this command has the same
effect as clicking the PersonalBrain window’s Close [X] button.
Edit Menu
Figure 183. Edit Menu

Undo [Most Recent Action]

Return to your Brain the way it was before you performed an action. To
undo your most recent action, click the first item in the secondary menu. To
undo multiple actions, select the oldest action to be undone from the list. All
actions above that action will also be undone.
Redo [Most Recent Undo Action]

Cancel an “Undo” action. To cancel your most recent Undo action, click the
first item in the secondary menu. To redo multiple Undo actions, select the
oldest action from the list. All actions above that action will also be redone.
Copy Thought or Copy Selected Thoughts

Copy the active Thought or selected Thoughts. The command name will
vary based on whether the selection box is open or not. If the selection box is
not open, the command will appear as “Copy Thought.” If the selection box is
open, the command will appear as “Copy Selected Thoughts.”
Copy as Text Outline

Copy Thoughts to Word or Excel, maintaining their hierarchy. Select all
Thoughts to be included before selecting this command. After clicking the
Copy as Text Outline command, switch to the other application and use its
Paste command to insert the copied Thoughts in outline format.
Paste Outline
Paste data from Word or Excel into your Brain, maintaining the original
hierarchy. In the other application, copy the data. (Note that the data must
be in the proper format―see “Importing Outlines from Word or Excel into a
Brain on page 147 for details.) In your Brain, activate the Thought that will be
the parent of the pasted outline, then click the Paste Outline command.
Paste Command
The paste command available will vary depending on what is present in the
clipboard at the time. For example, if a Thought has been copied, the
command will display as “Paste Thoughts.” If a Thought icon has been
copied, the command will display as “Paste Thought Icon.”
Add [Active Thought Name] to Selection Command

Add the active Thought to the Selection box. This command lets you add
Thoughts to the Selection box without Ctrl-clicking.
Clear Selection Command

De-select selected Thoughts and close the Selection box. This command
has the same result as clicking the Close [X] button in the top-right of the
Selection box.

Add Search Results to Selection Command

Adds any items found in your most recent Search to the contents of the
selection box.
Remove Search Results from Selection Command

Removes the items added if you used the Add Search Results to
Selection command.
Crawl Brain and Modify Selection Command

To build a large selection of Thoughts quickly without having to select
each one from the Plex (or to remove designated Thoughts from the
Selection box). You will be able to specify the direction (all, childward,
parentward, or jumpward), whether Thoughts can have other parents, and the
number of generations away that the Thought can be in order to be included.
These settings are relative to the active Thought, so activate that Thought on
which the selection should be based before using this command.
The “Do not exceed n clicks away” setting is used to indicate the number of
permissible generations (relative to the active Thought). Note that the active
Thought will also be included in the selection.
Forget Selection Command

Forget all Thoughts in the Selection box. Forgotten Thoughts will
disappear from the Plex and the Selection box will close. To view, delete, or
remember forgotten Thoughts, click the Options menu, click the Forgotten
Thoughts command, then click the option of your choice.
Set Thought Type Command

Change the type of ALL Thoughts in the selection box. You can select an
existing type, or remove the type from all selected Thoughts (by choosing
“Untyped”).
Unlink Selection Command

Unlink all Thoughts in the Selection box from the active Thought.
Link Selection as Children of [Thought Name] Command

Link all Thoughts in the Selection box as children of the active Thought.
Link Selection as Parents of [Thought Name] Command

Link all Thoughts in the Selection box as parents of the active Thought.
Link Selection as Jumps of [Thought Name] Command

Link all Thoughts in the Selection box as jump Thoughts of the active
Thought.

Thought Menu
The commands on the Thought menu are also available via the Thought context
menu, accessed by right-clicking on a Thought.
Figure 184. Thought Menu
Thought Type Sub-Menu

Assign or remove a type for the active Thought. You will be able to select
any existing Thought type or select “Untyped” to remove the currently
assigned type.
Create Child Command

Create a child Thought for the active Thought. You can also create a child
Thought by activating the prospective parent Thought, then clicking F6, or by
dragging from the parent Thought’s child gate, or by right-clicking the parent
Thought and then clicking Create Child on the context menu.
Create Parent Command

Create a parent Thought for the active Thought. You can also create a
parent Thought by activating the prospective child Thought, then clicking F7,
or by dragging from the child Thought’s parent gate, or by right-clicking the
child Thought and then clicking Create Parent on the context menu.

Create Jump Command

Create a jump Thought for the active Thought. You can also create a jump
Thought by activating the Thought to be jumped from, then clicking F8, or by
dragging from the Thought’s jump gate, or by right-clicking the Thought and
then clicking Create Jump on the context menu.
Create Pin/Remove Pin Command

Place or remove a shortcut to a specific Thought at the top of the Plex.
No matter where you are in the Plex, the pins remain visible. Create pins for
the Thoughts you want to access most frequently. If the active Thought
already has a pin, the command will display as “Remove Pin.” Otherwise, the
command will display as “Create Pin.”
Set as Home Thought Command

Make the active Thought your Home Thought. By default, the first Thought
in your Brain is your Home Thought. Clicking the Home button in
PersonalBrain’s toolbar will always take you there. If you find that another
Thought feels more like “home,” use this command to make the transfer.
Open Attachment Command

Open a file attached to the active Thought in a separate window. When
there are multiple attachments, a secondary window opens from which you
can select the file of your choice.
Open Attachment With Command

Open a file attached to the active Thought in a separate window, with an
opportunity to select the application in which you want the file to open. This
command is only available when the active Thought has an attachment other
than a Web page.
When there are multiple attachments, a secondary window opens from which
you can select the file of your choice. After you have selected the file you will
be able to select an application from a list.
Add Attachment Command

Add an attachment to the active Thought. You will be able to select an
existing file, folder, or URL or create a new file. See Adding Files, Web
Pages, and Folders beginning on page 79 for information about working with
attachments.
Remove Attachment Command

Remove an attachment from the active Thought. When there are multiple
attachments, a secondary window opens from which you can select the file to
be removed.

Open Thought Folder Command

Open the folder containing all attachments for the active Thought. You
can copy, move, delete, rename, and open files directly from the folder.
Move File Out of Brain Command

Take PersonalBrain internal files and move them to your computer’s
hard drive or other storage media. When files are moved out of your Brain,
they won’t be accessible to others if you share your Brain.
Paste Thought Icon Command

Add an image icon to a Thought. First copy the image you want to use to
the clipboard. Activate the Thought, then select the Paste Thought Icon
command.
Forget Command
Forget the active Thought. A forgotten Thought will disappear from the
Plex. To view, delete, or remember a forgotten Thought, click the Options
menu, click the Forgotten Thoughts command, then click the option of your
choice.
Rename Command
Change the name of the active Thought. This command is also available
on a Thought’s context menu or by pressing F2 when the Thought is active.
Properties & Attachments Command

Open a separate Properties & Attachments window for the active
Thought. This comes in handy when you want to refer to one Thought’s
properties and attachments while you work with other Thoughts.
You can copy to and from this window—it will stay open until you close it. You
may have multiple Properties & Attachments windows open (for multiple
Thoughts) at once.

Options Menu
Figure 185. Options Menu
View Sub-Menu
Change the view of the Plex to Normal or Expanded. The current view is
indicated by the checkmark. You can also change the view by using the
Switch View button on the PersonalBrain toolbar. This command is also
available on the Plex context menu. Please see Changing How You View
Your Thoughts on page 93 for details about the three views.
Filter Thoughts Command

Switch between hiding and showing Thoughts not accessed within a
specified number of days. By default, Thoughts are visible no matter how
long it has been since you’ve accessed them.
If you filter your Thoughts, remember to check this setting if you are missing
Thoughts that you know exist but you can’t find. Thoughts that are filtered out
can still be found using the Search feature (both Instant Activation and
Search).
Wander Command
Randomly step through your Brain. Just as many of your most creative
moments stem from letting your mind wander, PersonalBrain can wander too.
If you select this command, you may see Thought associations that you had
not considered before. Select the Wander command again to turn it off.
Advanced Search Command

Open the Advanced Search dialog box to find items based on words they
include or don’t include, Thought type, or date modified.

You can also open this dialog box by pressing F9, or by clicking the
Advanced button in the Search tab.
Search Web Command

Search for content in Web pages. You can also begin a Web page search
by pressing F4. You will be able to type one or more key words, select from a
list of search engines, or select a different search engine. Click the Edit
button in the Search Web dialog box to change a URL for a search engine or
designate a new one. Click the Search button to begin the search, based on
your settings.
Show Forgotten Thoughts Command

See a list of forgotten Thoughts so that you can delete or remember one or
more of them. You will be able to sort the list of forgotten Thoughts by the
date on which they were forgotten, their name, or the date on which they
were last activated. Remembered Thoughts resume their past relationships.
Set Theme Sub-Menu

Select the background for the Plex. You can choose from PersonalBrain’s
built-in themes or themes you’ve created yourself.
Save Theme Command

Save the current visual settings so they can be selected from the Set
Theme command. A theme is a combination of the current color and font
choices and the current wallpaper. You will be prompted to enter a name for
the theme which will then appear in the Set Theme sub-menu.
Select Wallpaper Command

Select a .jpg, .gif, or .png image to be used as a background for the Plex.
Another way to select wallpaper is to copy an image to the clipboard, right-
click a blank area of the Plex, then click the Paste Wallpaper command.
Reset Tools Layout Command

Switch back to the default Tools window layout. This command provides
a quick way to restore the entire window to showing the Plex on the top, the
Notes Tool in the bottom-left area, and the other Tool tabs in the bottom-right
area.
Advanced Tools Layout Command

Enable more layout options for Tool tabs. In Advanced Tools layout, the
Notes tab is still on the left but the Search tab is open on the right, with the
remaining tabs visible below the Search tab. Buttons for maximizing,
restoring, and toggling floating and auto-hiding the Tools are available.

Preferences Command
Open the Preferences dialog box to view and change settings for how
PersonalBrain operates. Customizations include options for how the Plex,
PersonalBrain window, and Thoughts are displayed, ESP Sync settings, your
name and email address, animation speed, default typeface, colors for
Thoughts, links, messages, and scroll bar, and how Search results are
displayed.
Window Menu
The Windows menu appears only in a Windows environment.
Figure 186. Window Menu
Always on Top Command

Prevent other windows from covering your Brain. This command is not
available when any of the auto-hide Window commands are selected.
Float Command
Allow the window to be dragged to any location on the screen. When
PersonalBrain floats it will not automatically hide when another window is
open. It will behave as a standard window.
Auto-hide Left Command

Dock the PersonalBrain window to the left edge of the screen and reduce
to an icon when another window (or the desktop) is active. Click the Brain
icon on the left side of the screen to open your Brain.
Auto-hide Right Command

Dock the PersonalBrain window to the right edge of the screen and
reduce to an icon when another window (or the desktop) is active. Click the
Brain icon on the right side of the screen to open your Brain.

Auto-hide Top Command

Dock the PersonalBrain window to the top edge of the screen and reduce
to an icon when another window (or the desktop) is active. Click the Brain
icon at the top of the screen to open your Brain.
Auto-hide Bottom Command

Dock the PersonalBrain window to the bottom edge of the screen and
reduce to an icon when another window (or the desktop) is active. Click the
Brain icon on the bottom of the screen to open your Brain.
Change Orientation Command

Display your Brain side-by-side with the Tools tabs. Your Brain will be on
the left and the Tools will be on the right. Click the Change Orientation
command again to restore your Brain to the top of the PersonalBrain window.
Show Notes Separately Command

Split the Tools area into two panes. The Notes will display on the left side
and the rest of the Tools tabs will be on the right side. You can change the
size of the panes by dragging the vertical bar between them. Click the Show
Notes Separately command again to restore the single pane for all Tools.
Help Menu
Figure 187. Help Menu
PersonalBrain Tips Command

Display a set of tips for using PersonalBrain and specify whether the tips
display whenever you start up your Brain. Use the Previous and Next button
to move from tip to tip. Use the Show at startup check box to indicate
whether or not you want the tips to display each time you start up your Brain.
Getting Started Command

Open your browser to TheBrain’s Web page containing options for
learning about Brain features. This page has links for PersonalBrain tutorials
and guides.

Visit www.TheBrain.com Command

Go to the TheBrain’s home page.
Learn About PeronalBrain Editions Command

View information about PersonalBrain’s three editions. This information
can help you decide which edition is best for you.
Upgrade to PersonalBrain Core or Pro Edition Command

Switch to the Core or Pro edition of PersonalBrain. You can use this
command to purchase and register a more powerful edition. This command
may or may not appear, based on your current version of PersonalBrain.
Check for Updates Command

See if you’re running the most recent version of PersonalBrain. You can
use this command install a more recent version or confirm that you’re already
running the “latest/greatest.”
About PersonalBrain Command

See how many days are left in a trial version of PersonalBrain or see what
version you’re currently using. Click anywhere on the message box to close
it.
Notes Tool File Menu
Figure 188. Notes Tool File Menu
Save Command
Save the Note in the active Thought. Notes are saved automatically when
you activate a different Thought. You can think of this command as an
“interim save” that protects your work in case of a power failure. The
keyboard shortcut for this command is Ctrl-s.
Print Command
Print the Note for the active Thought. A Print dialog box will open so that
you can specify print settings.
Open in Browser Command

Open the Note in the default browser. The Note can then be saved as a Web
page.

Notes Tool Edit Menu
Figure 189. Notes Tool Edit Menu
Undo Command
Undo your most recent action in the Notes tab. The keyboard shortcut for
this command is Ctrl-z.
Redo Command
Reverse the action of the most recent Undo command. The keyboard
shortcut for this command is Ctrl-y.
Cut Command
Delete the selected Note content and place it in the clipboard so it may be
pasted elsewhere. The keyboard shortcut for this command is Ctrl-x.
Copy Command
Copy the selected Note content and place it in the clipboard so it may be
pasted elsewhere. The keyboard shortcut for this command is Ctrl-c.
Paste Command
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the point of insertion in the Note.
The keyboard shortcut for this command is Ctrl-v.
Paste Special Command

Paste the contents of the clipboard at the point of insertion in the Note
as either plain text, clean HTML text, styled HTML (inline) text, or styled
HTML (embedded) text.
This can be especially useful when you don’t want to include formatting with
the text, so that it more closely matches the rest of your Note text. Note that
the Paste Special dialog box provides an explanation of each Paste As
option in the Result field. Click an option to display its result description.

Select Command
Specify whether you want to select a sentence or a paragraph. Click
Content to select the entire sentence in which the cursor is blinking. Click
Paragraph to select the entire paragraph in which the cursor is blinking.
Select All Command

Select the entire Note. Selected text may be formatted, copied, or deleted.
The keyboard shortcut for this command is Ctrl-a.
Find Command
Find and/or replace text within the Note. Type what you’re looking for in the
Find what field. If you want the found text to be replaced, type the
replacement text in the Replace with field.
If you want PersonalBrain to pay attention to the capitalization and

find/replace only text that matches exactly, select the Match case check box.
For example, if you want to find someone with the last name of “White” but
you don’t want to find occurrences of “white board,” select the Match case
check box.
If you want to find/replace whole words only, select the Whole word only
check box. For example, if you want to replace “Jo” with “Josephine” but not
replace “Join us,” “Journey to,” or “Jokes” with “Josephinein us,”
“Josephineurney to” or “Josephinekes,” select the Whole word only check
box.
Click the Replace button to replace the current occurrence, click the Replace
All button to replace all occurrences within the Note, or click the Find Next
button to go to the next occurrence.
The keyboard shortcut for this command is Ctrl-f.
Notes Tool View Menu
Figure 190. Notes Tool View Menu
Design View Command

Switch to Design View (which is the default). Use this command to switch
back after you’ve selected a different view. In Design View, you see the visual
results of all formatting commands, as opposed to the commands
themselves.

HTML View Command

Switch to HTML view. HTML view includes the tags that provide coding
instructions for how the text should display in a browser. When a Note is in
HTML view, the formatting buttons are not available, but you still have access
to the Insert Date/Time button.
Document Navigator Command

Select Note items based on item type. Various document navigator buttons
will appear in a non-scrolling area above the Note text based on the content
of the Note. Minimally, you will see a Paragraph button and a Content
button.
If your Note contains a table and you click within the table, Table, Row, and
Cell buttons will be added. Clicking any of these buttons selects the related
item. For example, if you click in a table and then click the Row button, the
entire row will be selected.
Show Paragraph Markers Command

Display paragraph mark symbols ( ) to indicate where the Enter key has
been pressed. This can help you trouble-shoot formatting—you’ll know
whether there are blank lines (shown by a series of paragraph marks) or
spaces so that you can make revisions as necessary. Click the Hide
Paragraph Markers command if you want to make them invisible again.
Notes Tool Insert Menu
Figure 191. Notes Tool Insert Menu
Insert Table Command

Insert a table into the Note at the point of insertion. By default, a new table
will be two rows high by two columns wide, but you can change that in the
Insert Table dialog box. Please see Inserting Tables beginning on page 113
and/or Insert Table Command beginning on 170 (within the Lookup
Reference for All Commands section) for more details.
Insert Hyperlink Command

Insert a hyperlink into the Note at the point of insertion. A hyperlink target
may be an existing file, Web page, email address, or a designated place in a

document. Please see Embedding Hyperlinks beginning on 115 for more

details.
Bookmark Command
Create a bookmark within the active Note. You will see a list of all
bookmarks in the active Note when you create additional bookmarks.
Remove Hyperlink Command

Remove a hyperlink from a Note. This command is only available for Notes
that contain one or more hyperlinks. You can also right-click a hyperlink, then
click the Remove Hyperlink command on the context menu.
Insert Symbol Command

Insert one or more symbols into the Note. Click a symbol to select it, then
click the OK button to insert it into the Note. If you click multiple symbols, they
will all be added at the point of insertion when you click the OK button. Click
the Clear button to remove all selected symbols.
Insert Horizontal Rule Command

Insert a horizontal line in the Note at the point of insertion. If the point of
insertion is the middle of a line of text when you click this command, the text
to the right of the cursor will be moved down and the horizontal rule will be
inserted above the moved text.
Insert Date and Time Command

Insert the current date and time at the point of insertion. The date and time
are static, so that you will have a record of exactly when you “stamped” the
Note.
Notes Tool Format Menu
Figure 192. Notes Tool Format Menu

List Properties Command

Change the formatting of a bulleted or numbered list within the Note. This
command is only available when the insertion point is within a bulleted or
numbered list.
Click a bullet option on the Bulleted tab to change the formatting of a

bulleted list.
Click a numbering option on the Numbered tab to change the numbering

scheme. For example, the list can use an ordering scheme of numbers,
letters, or Roman numerals.
Bold Command
Make selected text or text to be typed bold. The keyboard shortcut for this
command is Ctrl-b.
Italic Command
Make selected text or text to be typed appear in italics. The keyboard
shortcut for this command is Ctrl-i.
Underline Command
Make selected text or text to be typed underlined. The keyboard shortcut
for this command is Ctrl-u.
Superscript Command
Superscript selected text or text to be typed. Example: MyInventiontm (the
“tm” is superscripted).
Subscript Command
Subscript selected text or text to be typed. Example: H2O (the “2” is
subscripted).
Strikethrough Command
Display selected text or text to be typed with a horizontal line through
each character.
Example: This is not a good idea (“not” appears in strikethrough text)
Remove Formatting Command

Remove all formatting from selected text. The keyboard shortcut for this
command is Ctrl+Space.
Format Painter Command

Copy the formatting of text at the point of insertion. Click this command
when the cursor is within text that is formatted the way you want other text

within the Note to be formatted. Then, select the text to be “painted” with the
copied formatting. You can also use the Format Painter button in the Notes
toolbar to activate this command.
Notes Tool Tools Menu
Figure 193. Notes Tool Tools Menu
Check Spelling Command

Check the spelling within the entire Note. Please see Checking Your
Spelling beginning on page 111 for details about using the spell checker.
Disable/Enable Check Spelling As You Type Command

Request that potential spelling errors are or are not underlined in red as
you type. When error flagging has been disabled, the enable command will
be available. When the feature is enabled, the disable command will be
available. When spell checking as you type is enabled, you can right-click
flagged words to see options for correcting the spelling, ignoring the word, or
adding it to PersonalBrain’s dictionary.
Word Count Command

Count how many words are in the Note. Word count statistics include the
number of whole words, the number of characters without including spaces,
and the number of characters including spaces.
Notes Tool Table Menu
Figure 194. Notes Tool Table Menu

Insert Table Command

Insert a table where there cursor is blinking. This is the same command as
the Insert Table command on the Notes Insert menu. When the Insert Table
dialog box opens you can specify the following:
Rows: Type the number of rows you want the table to

have or leave the default at 2.
Columns: Type the number of columns you want the

table to have or leave the default at 2.
Alignment: Select “Left,” “Right,” or “Center” from the

drop-down list. Alignment pertains to the entire
table—how it is aligned within the Notes
window.
Specify width: Leave this check box selected if you want the
table to fill a specific amount of horizontal
space. By default, the table will fill 100% of the
Note, from left to right margin. You can change
this amount by replacing “100” with a different
(lower) number.
To specify the width of the table in pixels,

select the In pixels radio button and type an
appropriate number in the field provided.
Border size: This is the width of the borders around the

cells of the table in points. By default, the
width is “1.” The larger the number, the thicker
the line.
Cell Padding: This is the inside margin of each cell. The

larger the padding number, the more white
space there will be between the text of the cell
and the border of the cell.
Cell Spacing: This is the space between cells. The larger the
spacing number the more white space there
will be between cells.
Background The background color for tables is white. The

Color: selected color will apply to the entire table.
Table text color is not automatically adjusted
based on background table color.
Use Select this check box if you want to specify an

background image for the background of the table.
image:
Browse: Click this button to search for images.

OK: Click the OK button to save your table

settings.
Cancel: Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box

without inserting a table.
Insert Row or Column Command

Insert a specified number of rows or columns above, below, to the left, or
to the right of the current location of the cursor. This command is available
when the cursor is in a table.
Insert Cell Command

Insert a cell to the right of the cell where the cursor is blinking. This
command is available when the cursor is in a table.
Delete Row Command

Delete the row in which the cursor is blinking. This command is available
Delete Column Command

Delete the column in which the cursor is blinking. This command is available
Delete Cell Command

Delete the cell in which the cursor is blinking. This command is available
Merge Cells Command

Merge the selected cells. To select adjacent cells, drag through them with
the mouse. This command is available when the cursor is in a table.
Cell Properties Command

Specify all properties for the selected cells. Properties include layout,
wrapping, background color or image, and whether or not the cell is a header.
When printed, header cells repeat at the top of the page when a table spans
multiple pages. This command is available when the cursor is in a table.
Row Properties Command

Specify all properties for the selected rows. Properties include alignment,
row height, and background color or image. This command is available when
the cursor is in a table.

Column Properties Command

Specify all properties for the selected columns. Properties include
alignment, row width, and background color or image. This command is
available when the cursor is in a table.
Table Properties Command

View or change the settings that were selected when the table was first
inserted. This command is available when the cursor is in a table.
Hide/Show Gridlines Command

Hide or show the dotted borders around table cells. When a tables borders
are set to zero, dotted lines show in the Notes tab to indicate where the table
is. Clicking the Hide Gridlines command suppress the display of these
dotted lines. The command then becomes Show Gridlines and clicking it
restores the display. Gridlines are not printed, whether they display on the
screen or not.

Appendix A – Keyboard Shortcuts

You can use the keyboard to navigate PersonalBrain and perform many
functions.
Delete key: This refers to the “forward delete” key above the Å key. Since this
key is not available on Mac laptops, the fn+Delete key combination may be used
instead.
PersonalBrain Hot Key
Windows+z opens PersonalBrain and shifts the focus to the Search box
when PersonalBrain is hidden in auto-hide mode.
Help
F1 Opens the support page on TheBrain’s Web site.
Creating, Editing, and Activating Thoughts
These commands let you create, edit, and activate Thoughts related to the active
Thought:
F2 Opens the Rename Thought dialog box.
F6 Opens the Create Child dialog box.
F7 Opens the Create Parent dialog box.
F8 Opens the Create Jump dialog box.
Arrow keys Move the green highlight circle from Thought to Thought―the
highlight shows to which Thought the keyboard commands
listed here will be applied.
Enter Activate the highlighted Thought.
Alt+Å Go back―activate the previously active Thought
Alt+Æ Go forward, canceling the last go back command

Shift+Enter Applies to the highlighted Thought or the active Thought if no

Thought is highlighted:
For Thoughts with a single attachment, opens the
attachment
For Thoughts with multiple attachments, opens a dialog box

for selecting an attachment
For Thoughts with no attachments, opens the Add

Attachment dialog box
Delete Forget the highlighted Thought (or active Thought if no

Thought is highlighted)
Shift+Delete Delete the highlighted Thought (or active Thought if no

Thought is highlighted).
Home Activate the Home Thought.
Esc Remove the highlight for the active Thought and stop
navigating the Plex using the keyboard.
Searching
F3 Moves the insertion point to the Search box.
F4 Opens the Search Web dialog box.
F9 Opens the Advanced Search dialog box.
Notes and Text Editing Keyboard Shortcuts
F5 Moves the insertion point to the Notes Tool.
Ctrl+s Saves the Note.
Ctrl+x Cuts the selected text.
Ctrl+c Copies the selected text.
Ctrl+v Pastes the copied text.
Delete Clears the selected text or Calendar entry.
Ctrl+a Selects entire note when the Note Tool is active.
Ctrl+f Opens the Find dialog box.

Appendix B – Some Sample Brain Applications

The following examples are provided to help you get your creative juices flowing.
Perhaps these ideas will help you design and develop Brains that fit your
personal needs. Note that topics in these examples could easily all simply be
sections within a larger Brain. Many people find that keeping a single Brain suits
their style of working and thinking better than separating information into different
Brains.
Project Management Brain

With PersonalBrain’s visual interface you can create an all encompassing view of
your projects to see even the most complex relationships more intuitively. Your
project brain will help you take control of your information and execute more
effectively.
Create a Thought for each project goal and objective. Under these Thoughts you
can spin off additional Thoughts with all the resources you need to achieve each
goal.
You can even create Thoughts for each phase of your project.

You can also have a Thought that links all your active projects for fast access.
For more information on using your brain for project management go to:
http://blog.thebrain.com/from-ideas-to-action/
Or, watch our recorded highlights from our last Web event on project
management at:
http://www.thebrain.com/site/about/events/projectmanagement/default.html

Hobby and Special Interest Brain

Whether it’s baseball, antiquing, or your pet parrot, adding a Thought on your
latest preoccupation or hobby is very satisfying. You can use TheBrain’s search
Web feature with your favorite search engine to find the best web sites on your
hobby. Then drag and drop links into your Brain. Special interests are even more
special when you can “instant activate” them on a moment’s notice or link to your
buddy who you are going to the game with.

You might be surprised at how quickly you can develop a personal resource on
your favorite sport or hobby that becomes invaluable to you as you pursue your
passion. Don’t forget to copy and paste Thought icons to your hobby Thoughts
for extra pizzazz. This is just plain fun!
For more information on building a Brain for your special interests, see the “Mind
Mapping your Passion” recorded event at http://www.thebrain.com/recordings.

Travel Brain
We live in a global village of cities and countries. Even if you’re not a jetsetter,
this section of your Brain is invaluable to anyone who wants to maximize their
time in the right places when away from home. Create a Thought for the location
you are visiting: link to key destination sites, hotels and tourist attractions. For
instance, if there is a specific hotel you like, drag and drop its Web page into your
Brain to create a Thought for it.
You can also use this area of your Brain to create a list of cities that interest you
so you can link to activities that you might like to do there sometime down the
road. In time, you’ll be able to see the places you should visit based on all the
things you want to see there and the people you want to visit. Plus, when you do
go you’ll be sure not to have forgotten anything!

Personal or Business Finance Brain

Staying on top of your Finances and planning for the future is a daunting task for
everyone. Your Brain makes it easy by giving you a complete picture of all your
upcoming bills, financial assets and research on your future.
This is also a great place to link to any online bill paying or banking sites that you
may use. You can also add a Thought for “Bills paid” and add in any notes on
dates bills are due or when they were last paid. For more time sensitive and
important items like property taxes you can create separate Thoughts and set a
calendar item so PersonalBrain will remind you when they are due. If you are into
scanning receipts or important documentation PersonalBrain makes it easy to
store and categorize this information.
For more information on using your Brain for personal finance, watch our
recorded seminar at: http://www.thebrain.com/recordings

Research and Analysis Brain

PersonalBrain is ideal for aggregating information on hot products, competing
strategies, and the strengths and weaknesses of your competition. For example,
in product analysis, often relationships between product genres will cross various
categories. A product or feature might fit under multiple concepts and ideas,
crossing genres so to speak. This can only be visualized associatively with one
Thought having multiple parents and connections. With PersonalBrain the full
context is captured and powerful analysis is enabled with a few connections.
For more information on using creating brains to understand your business

landscape, watch our recorded event at:
http://www.thebrain.com/site/about/events/landscape7/default.html

“My People Network” Brain

Frank used to have a rolodex file (and before that a “little black book”) where he
kept all his names and address but it got unwieldy. He’s a technically savvy guy
and knows there are lots of applications available for keeping track of his friends,
relatives, and acquaintances electronically. Having used PersonalBrain for a
while he’s come to the conclusion that it would be most efficient to just keep a
separate Brain for this purpose. Then, not only can he look up information
quickly, but he can readily see relationships he might have otherwise missed and
he can easily track who knows who and how he met people. Here’s what Frank’s
“My Address Book” Brain might look like:

“Thanksgiving” Brain
Every year, Beth is in charge of Thanksgiving dinner. Unfortunately, she’s not a
particularly enthusiastic cook and she likes to feel in control of the day. She has
to plan recipes, shopping, serving dishes, and a myriad of other details. As a
bonus, she’d like to be able to reuse her plans in following years. What Beth
would really like is to have a way of managing all the details in one place. Here’s
what Beth’s “Thanksgiving” Brain might look like:

Glossary
Glossary
Activate To bring a Thought to the center of the Plex and make it
the active Thought.
Active Thought The Thought you are working on right now. The active
Thought occupies the center of the Plex. The active
Thought’s details are described in the Properties &
Attachments tab. Only the active Thought can be
opened by clicking it. A Thought that is not active can be
activated by clicking it, its pin, or its name in a list and
pressing Enter.
Application A program such as a word processor, database, Web

browser, game, or photo editor.
Brain button When PersonalBrain window is set to Auto Hide, it

disappears when you begin working in another
application and is replaced by the Brain button. Click the
Brain button to show the PersonalBrain window or attach
files by dragging them to the Brain button.
Brain A collection of associated Thoughts each of which can

have content. PersonalBrain can create multiple Brains.
Child Thought A Thought with at least one parent. Children of the active
Thought appear in the child zone, below the active
Thought. In turn, the active Thought is a child of any
Thought that appears above it in the parent zone.
Delete The complete removal of a Thought and/or its content

from a Brain. Deletion is permanent.
Drag and drop To use this feature, select the item you want to drag,
click the mouse button and drag the item to where you
want it to appear.
Forget To remove a Thought from PersonalBrain without

deleting it, its links, its content, or its note. Forgotten
Thoughts can be “remembered.”
Forgotten A Thought that is removed from PersonalBrain without

Thought deleting it, its links, its content, or its note. Forgotten
Thoughts can be “remembered.”

Glossary
Gate The active Thought and its close relatives have three
circular “gates,” each of which is used to link to a specific
relation: The parent gate is above a Thought; the child
gate is below it; and the jump gate is beside it. A gate is
hollow when there are no links through it, and solid when
links exist.
Home Thought The Home Thought is the main or top Thought of your
PersonalBrain. It is the Thought that is activated when
you click the Home button in the PersonalBrain toolbar.
Jump Thought A jump Thought is linked to another Thought through its

jump gate and appears in the jump zone to the left of the
active Thought. Activating a jump Thought produces a
more significant reconfiguration of the Plex than
activating a child Thought or parent Thought. This is
because jump Thoughts of the active Thought are
related exclusively to the active Thought and not to other
Thoughts in the Plex.
Link The act of connecting Thoughts thereby establishing

close relations. Also, the line connecting two Thoughts in
the Plex.
Link Type A category of links that allows you to distinguish how

Thoughts are related visually. For example, you could
have a Link Type called “writes” set so that links
between authors and books display brown with the label
“writes.”
Navigate To move from Thought to Thought by activating

Thoughts.
Notes Every Thought can have Notes, displayed in the Notes

tab of the Tools window. Notes can hold any
combination of text, images, sound, or shortcuts. The
Notes function includes a word processor.
Parent Thought A Thought that has at least one child. A parent Thought
is linked to its child Thoughts through its child gate. The
active Thought is a parent of any Thought displayed in
its child zone, below it. Parent Thoughts of the active
Thought appear in the parent zone, above the active
Thought.
Parentless A Thought without a parent Thought. A parentless

Thought Thought is often a jump Thought or a Thought
representing a subject heading or organizer. Usually, the
first Thought in a Brain (generally named after the user)
is a parentless Thought.

Glossary
Past Thought list The scrollable list of Thoughts at the bottom of the Plex,
arranged in the order activated. The most recently
activated Thought is the rightmost Thought in the list.
Pin An entry point to a Brain. Click a pin to activate its

Thought. A pin is created by dragging a Thought to the
area immediately below the menu bar. The pin stays
there until it is removed by being dragged into the menu
bar or title bar. You can also create a pin of the active
Thought from the Thought menu.
Plex The visible portion of your Brain; includes the active

Thought, its close relations, and the links between them.
It also includes the Search box, the Past Thought List,
and navigation tools.
Remember A Thought that has been removed from the Plex by

“forgetting” can be remembered by dragging a Link from
it to any existing Thought in the Plex window that is not
forgotten.
Search field The field to the left of the Search button at the bottom of
the Plex. Type text in this field to perform an Instant
Activation search.
Search button The button at the bottom of the Plex that is used to
perform an extended search for the item typed in the
Search field.
Siblings Two or more Thoughts with a common parent. When a

Thought that has siblings is active, its siblings are
displayed in the sibling zone, to the right of the active
Thought.
Template A file used as the basis for creating other files. Template
files can be added to the window of the Add
Attachment dialog box.
Thought The basic unit of a Brain. A Thought can represent

anything the user wants it to. A Thought can have
content in the form of a file, shortcut, or Web page, or it
can be devoid of content and simply act as a subject
heading or organizer.
Thought Type A way to categorize Thoughts and give them distinct

colors. For example, you can have a “Person” Thought
type so that all Thoughts that are people display as
green.

Glossary
Unlink Unlink Thoughts that you no longer want to be related to

any other Thought in your Brain, or when you want to
remove a superfluous link. You cannot unlink a
Thought’s only Link to the active Thought.
URL Universal Resource Locator; the address of a Web site.
Virtual Thought A Thought created when a folder is dragged into

PersonalBrain. Virtual Thoughts are not searchable.
Wander The option to step randomly through PersonalBrain, to

let you see Thought associations.
Zones Areas in the Plex devoted to specific relations of the

active Thought. There are four zones: the parent zone
above the active Thought, the child zone below it, the
jump zone to its left, and the sibling zone to its right.

Index
Index
A Delete a Thought · 174

Details tab · 119, 138
Activate · 184
Dismiss event · 134
active Thought · 4
Drag and drop · 80, 82, 83
Active Thought · 184
dragging
Advanced Tools Layout command · 108
sticking · 98
anchor Thoughts · 98
Dragging · 63, 184
attachments · 20, 52, 174
drop shadows · 68
Attachments · 70, 71, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86,
duplicate of a Thought · 53
87, 88, 138, 139
Auto Hide · 184 E
Auto Hide button · 184 ESP Sync · 101, 102, 103
auto-hide mode · 15 Event, snooze · 134
B Excel · 146, 147
Expanded Thoughts · 94, 95, 135
backgrounds · 68
export to a Web page · 140, 143
Brain window, auto-hide · 38
Brain window, float · 38 F
BrainZip · 144, 145, 149, 151 filename extensions · 7
button bar · 12, 16, 26, 33, 110, 157, 159, filtering · 99
169, 185 Forgetting Thoughts · 184
C forgotten Thoughts · 8, 57, 58
Format Painter button · 112
Calendar · 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
case-sensitivity · 103 G
Child · 185, 187 gate · 7
Child Thought · 6, 184 Gates
circle highlight · 14 filled · 185
color · 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78 hollow · 185
comma in Thought names · 51 Jump · 185
comma trick · 49 Parent · 185
compatibility · 8 Sibling · 185
convert older Brains · 8 guided tour · 10
copy a Thought to another Brain · 54 H
copy a Thought within a Brain · 52
Home Thought · 185
copy and paste · 82, 83
copy formatting · 112 I
copy outlines into a Brain · 147 icons
copy Thoughts into another program · 146 removing · 72
counting words · 116 zoom · 73
create multiple Thoughts · 14 images
create Thoughts · 13 attaching · 71
D Instant activation · 19, 119
default Brain settings · 37 J
delete a Thought · 58, 75 Jump · 185

Index
jump Thought · 6 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 184, 185,
Jump Thought · 185 186, 187
L panning · 97
scaling · 97
label
Plex, move and resize · 39
Thoughts · 71
Preferences dialog box · 45
link · 7
previous version of PersonalBrain · 7
labels · 76
printing · 135
Link · 63, 64, 185
properties · 76 R
Link by dragging · 65 redo and undo actions · 55
Link by Selecting a Thought in the Create relationships, change using links · 67
Child Dialog Box · 65 Remember · 186
Linking existing Thoughts · 63 rename Thoughts · 56
M Reports · 127
Reset Tools Layout · 108
merging entire Brains · 145
mouse wheel · 97 S
Move File into Brain command · 83 Save as · 84
multiple platforms · 2 scroll bars · 99
multiple Thoughts · 60 searching · 120
de-select · 61 selection · 61, 62
select · 61 semicolon trick · 14, 17, 48
N Sibling · 186
sibling Thought · 6
Naming Thoughts · 51
spell checker · 111
Notes · 90, 109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116,
statistical report · 152
119, 138, 152
sticking Thoughts · 98
O super type · 75
Operating Systems · 2, 3 Swap Thought name and label · 51
outlines · 146 Switch button · 51, 93
Outlook · 86, 137, 138, 139 Switch View button · 93
P T
Parent · 185 tables · 113
parent Thought · 5 Templates · 186
Parentless Thoughts · 185 Themes · 40, 41, 42
Past Thought list · 34, 140 Thought types · 74
Past Thought List · 34, 65, 186 Thoughts · 1, 3, 63, 186
PersonalBrain · 1 collapsing · 96
PersonalBrain toolbar · 44 distance between · 97
PersonalBrain window · 10 expanding · 96, 97
Pins · 16, 64, 186 images · 71
create · 64 relocacting · 98
pins, create · 33 sizing · 69
pins, remove · 33 Thoughts, creating multiple · 48
Plex · 3, 4, 5, 8, 15, 16, 18, 21, 31, 32, 33, Thoughts, forget · 57
34, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 45, 57, 61, 77, 79, Thoughts, select multiple · 60
81, 83, 84, 89, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, Thoughts, unlink · 63
100, 101, 102, 111, 135, 137, 150, 151, Thoughts, virtual · 89

Index
Tool tabs · 104 W

U Wallpaper · 43, 44
undo and redo actions · 55 Web page attachments · 21
Unlinking Thoughts · 187 Word · 146, 147
URL · 187 Z
Use the Create Child Dialog Box to Link · 66 Zones · 187
V Child · 187
view Jump · 187
expanded · 94 Parent · 187
virtual Thoughts · 89 Sibling · 187

Personal Brain User Guide

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What are some of the main features of PersonalBrain?

What are some of the main features of PersonalBrain?

How can you customize the appearance of PersonalBrain?

How can you customize the appearance of PersonalBrain?

Companion for using Version 4 of PersonalBrain.

Posted December 10, 2008

PersonalBrain User Guide i

“Comma Trick” #2: Incorporating the Parent Thought’s Name ..................... 51

PersonalBrain User Guide ii

Moving a File into a Brain After It Is Attached to a Thought .......................... 83

PersonalBrain User Guide iii

PersonalBrain User Guide iv

Help Menu .........................................................................................................162

PersonalBrain User Guide v

Figure 1. PersonalBrain Interface

Thoughts are Information

PersonalBrain User Guide 1

Using simple click-and-drag techniques, you’ll be able to create and navigate

Dynamic Graphical Interface

About this Guide

This icon is used to identify notes.

This icon is used to flag tips and suggestions.

PersonalBrain operates under multiple Operating Systems—Windows, Mac, and

PersonalBrain User Guide 2

Note to Macintosh Users

Right-clicking: Most features in PersonalBrain can be accessed with just a

Brain A collection of associated Thoughts, each of which can have

PersonalBrain User Guide 3

Figure 2. PersonalBrain Plex and Tools Window

Figure 3. What a Thought Looks Like

PersonalBrain User Guide 4

Figure 4. Activating a Thought

Thought A Thought is said to be a “parent Thought,” “child Thought,”

In your own life, you may be someone’s parent, and someone’s

Figure 5. Relationships are Relative to You

PersonalBrain User Guide 5

The same applies to Thoughts. The relationships between

Whether a Thought is a parent, child, or sibling depends on its

Figure 6. Thought Relationships are Relative to the Active Thought

Parent Parent Thoughts represent super ordinate topics or the active

PersonalBrain User Guide 6

Figure 7. Thought Gates

Opening Older Brains

PersonalBrain User Guide 7

Figure 8. Convert Brain Message Box

Figure 9. Preferences for File Conversion

4. By default, PersonalBrain 4 includes both private and forgotten Thoughts in

Figure 10. Successful Conversion Message

PersonalBrain User Guide 8

Suggestions for Transitioning to Your New Brain

Avoid “converting” to a Brain-only environment all at once. Make the transition on

Build your Brain as you go—associating Thoughts as they occur naturally.

PersonalBrain User Guide 9

A Guided Tour of Personal Brain

Point of interest—take out your virtual camera

Take five—this is a good place to take a break if you want one

Exit here—this marks the end of your guided tour

Part 1: Explore the PersonalBrain Window

Figure 11. Starting PersonalBrain

2. In the empty field, type: Tour