YTU School of Foreign Languages Basic English Department

20112012 Spring Term Level A/An GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY REVISION MATERIAL 2 (For Weeks 7-15) Teachers Copy
Prepared by Material Development Office Bilge Palaz and Yamur Sa

Macmillan English Grammar in Context Intermediate

WEEK 7: UNIT 35: ADJECTIVES, UNIT 36: ADVERBS

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the adjective form of the words in brackets.
Ian Fleming is famous (fame) for writing the extremely successful (success) James Bond novels, which are packed with action and adventure. But Fleming himself had quite an adventurous (adventure) life which has been recorded in several biographies. He tried a career in banking but did not find it interesting (interest) enough. In May, 1939, he joined the intelligence service and carried out several dangerous (danger) missions during the war. He planned clever operations and lived a life not unlike that of his famous hero, James Bond. In 1952, he began to write a novel. Casino Royale was the first of the James Bond novels, all of which became incredibly popular. They reflected his unusual (usual) life and love of adventure. Fleming died in 1964 at the age of 56.

Exercise 2: Choose the appropriate word.

Janet: Is this the new car youve just bought? John: Thats right. Well, its second hand of course. Janet: Its 1-) exciting / excited / excitingly / excitedly buying a car, isnt it? John: Well, it was a bit of a problem actually because I didnt have much money to spend. But I managed to find one that wasnt very 2-) expensive / expensively Janet: It looks very 3-) nice/ nicely , I must say. John: Its ten years old, so I was 4-) surprising / surprised / surprisingly what good condition its in. The man I bought it from is over eighty, and he always drove it very 5-) careful / carefully , he said. He never took it out if it was raining, which I find 6-) amusing / amused / amusingly . Janet: I think 7-) elder / elderly people look after their cars better than young people. John: He was a 8-) friend / friendly old chap. He even gave me all these maps for 9-) free / freely .

Exercise 3: Choose the correct adjective.

On Saturday, I took my children to the circus. I thought I would have a boring / bored time, but actually I was quite astonishing / astonished by the amazing / amazed acts. We were stunning /stunned by the acrobats. They balanced on top of each other with incredible ease. We were really impressing / impressed by their performance. The children found the lion-tamers act exciting / excited. I felt terrifying / terrified when he put his hands into the lions mouth, but the children were amusing / amused and they clapped loudly. A magician performed many incredible tricks; it was fascinating / fascinated to watch him make various objects disappear and reappear. The children were more interesting / interested in the elephant act. When the huge animals came into the arena, the audience cheered. The elephants were well-trained and their tricks were, too. Some children from the audience were invited to ride on the elephants back. My children were disappointing / disappointed when they were not chosen, but their disappointment faded when the clowns took the center ring. It was quite a captivating / captivated show. By the time we got home we all felt exhausting / exhausted.

Exercise 4: Form the correct adverbs from the adjectives given and then use the correct word to fill in the gaps.
1. possible 2. easy 3. warm 4. normal 5. fast 6. good 7. basic 8. probable 9. lucky 10. actual 11. hard 12. specific possibly easily warmly normally fast well basically probably luckily actually hard specifically He doesnt believe that its ....possible...... His father thinks he will ...easily... get the job Her workmates are kind and ....warm ..people. Helen doesnt.. normally.... work on Sundays. Their population is growing ......fast....... Hamlet is a very ......good...... play. We learnt the ......basic ....principles of Maths. Marys ......probably...... got lost. We were .....lucky...... to escape injury. Matrix Reloaded? Actually... I havent seen it. I tried...... hard ......to please Susan. Can you be a bit more .....specific.....?

Exercise 5: This is part of a story about a spy called X. Put in adverbs formed from the adjectives below.
bright, careful, fluent, immediate, patient, punctual, quiet, safe, secret, slow The journey took a long time because the train travelled so slowly. It was hot, and the sun shone brightly from a clear sky. X could only wait patiently for the journey to end. When the train finally arrived, he had no time to spare, so he immediately took a taxi to the hotel. Y was on time. She arrived punctually at three. No one else knew about the meeting it was important to meet secretly I had a terrible journey, said Y. But luckily the pilot managed to land safely Her

English was good, and she spoke very fluently. X was listening carefully to every word. They were speaking very quietly in case the room was bugged.

Exercise 6: Complete the blanks with the adjectives in brackets or their adverbs.
Most amusing story of the week Monster on Willow St Police Officer OToole investigates the call.

How did this dramatic (dramatic) story begin, Officer OToole? Well, I received a call late (late) one night from Ms Red. She could hardly (hard) speak as she was extremely (extreme) upset. She said that a monster had been in her house. It was an incredible (incredible) story of course, but I went to her house to check it out. I arrived at her house. How are you feeling now, Madam? I asked her in a friendly way / manner (friendly). Im fine (fine) now, but the shock was terrible (terrible), she replied. I asked her to explain exactly (exact) what had happened. Well, I came home from work. It was nearly (near) 11:00 p.m.. I had worked hard (hard) all day and I was really (real) tired. It was dark (dark) so I went to turn on the light. Instead of the switch, I touched something soft (soft) and hairy. I screamed so loudly / loud (loud) that the whole block must have heard me. Suddenly (Sudden), I saw the monster near (near) the window. Im sure (sure) it was a monster, even though I couldnt see clearly (clear). What else could it have been? she asked. Was it really (real) a monster? No. Richie, the monkey, had escaped from a circus late (late) that afternoon. In the end, Ms Red apologized for acting in a silly way / manner (silly).

Exercise 7: Read the dialogue and choose the correct word.

Mark: Lets go to the cinema tonight, Steve. What kind of films do you like? Steve: I dont mind thrillers, as long as they end (1) happy / happily. Mark: Ive heard that the new Dracula film is really (2) exciting / excitingly. Steve: Well, I definitely enjoy watching (3) professional / professionally actors who know what they are doing. They must work (4) hard / hardly to be so good. There was a good film on (5) recent / recently about Sherlock Holmes and Mark: OK, Steve. I think its just (6) possible / possibly that we might find something we both like.

VOCABULARY: UNITS 35-36

Exercise 1: Match the boldfaced words with their definitions. WORDS

1. At first he denied stealing money but later he admitted that he did it. 2. I dont blame her for getting angry because she was really afraid of the possibility of the accident. 3. The bar was so crowded that we couldnt find our new guest among the people. 4. According to official statistics, the Japanese work longer hours than workers in most other industrialized countries. 5. Johns nervousness prevented him from controlling the car, so they had an accident.

6. The new tax caused a huge amount of public anger, so they decided to cancel it. 7. She's been suffering from cancer for two years and there seems to be no chance for her to recover from it. 8. There was a problem with the sewers of the city, but fortunately they managed to fix it.

DEFINITIONS
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

a large pipe underground used for carrying waste 8 to say it is someones fault 2 a group of official facts which show things in numbers 4 to stop something from happening 5 a collection or mass especially of something which cannot be counted full of people 3 to experience physical or mental pain 7 h. to accept 1

Exercise 2: Choose the correct forms of the words.

1. My grandfather gets quite confused/confusing sometimes, and doesn't even know what day it is. 2. The residents didnt feel satisfying/satisfied with the new arrangements, so the officials had to change all of them. 3. Paul is directly responsible/ responsibly for the efficient running of the office. 4. I would like to do the job myself but I don't have the proper/properly equipment. 5. The news report was so dreadfully/dreadful that I just had to switch it off. 6. He spent the entire/entirely journey asleep because he was extremely tired due to his work. 7. They were so exhausting/exhausted after the marathon that they could hardly wake up for the following two days. 8. The most embarrassing/embarrassed moment for me was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn't remember.

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. colleague warts elves previous generations politely official

credit forehead

1. Common warts are local growths in the skin that are caused by HPV infection. 2. The queen will attend the official opening of the theatre in June. 3. My colleague and I Ben are going to finish the project together, because our boss wants it so. 4. John even behaved politely towards Anne although she cheated on him before. 5. The previous generations had to have a healthier diet than us. Nowadays most people prefer fast food. 6. I was so afraid of elves when I was a child because I used to believe that they are real. 7. She came to the office with an injury on her forehead, and she told us that she had a small accident on her way to office. 8. She got no credit for solving the math problem because the result was incorrect.

WEEK 8: UNIT 46 & 47: RELATIVE CLAUSES (DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING)

Exercise 1: Read the sentences and write one sentence using who/that/which.
1. The Guardian is a British newspaper. It is famous for its high standard of journalism. ..The Guardian is a British newspaper which is famous for its high standard of journalism.. 2. Photosynthesis is a process. Plants use it to make food. ..Photosynthesis is a process which plants use to make food.. 3. A chat show is a TV programme. It shows interviews with famous people. ..A chat show is a TV programme which shows interviews with famous people.. 4. DNA is a material. Every living cell inherits it. .. DNA is a material which every living cell inherits.. 5. A laboratory is a place. We do scientific experiments there. .. A laboratory is a place where we do scientific experiments .. 6. A meteorologist is a scientist. S/he predicts the weather. .. A meteorologist is a scientist who predicts the weather .. 7. Baka Dilde Ak is a love story. It is also critical about the working conditions of call-center employees. Baka Dilde Ak is a love story which is also critical about the working conditions of call-center employees

Exercise 2: Match the beginning and end of each sentence. 1. A news reporter is a personE 2. David Bailey is a photographerC. 3. A webcast is a programmeF.. 4. A documentary is a programme A 5. This is the presenter B. 6. The EU is a group of countries D. A. which gives you information on a topic. B. who interviewed Bill Gates on TV. C. who takes pictures of the rich and famous. D. that have political and economic ties. E. who researches and writes about stories. F. which is broadcast on the Internet.

Exercise 3: Put the words in the correct order to make a complete sentence. (Relative pronouns are omitted in these sentences.)
e.g.: night was great the we went to last film see The film we went to see last night was great. 1. dad the works going to close company is my for down The company my dad works for is going to close down.. 2. picture you looking I are painted the at I painted the picture you are looking at. 3. accident about you Peter had told the me Peter told me about the accident you had. 4. spoke is the man my to you uncle The man you spoke to is my uncle 5. family the staying she Jane is likes with Jane ..likes the family she is staying with.. 6. hotel you what the is the name at of stayed ? What is the name of the hotel you stayed at? 7. classroom they painting the study in we are They are painting the classroom we study in

Exercise 4: Put one suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the space blank where possible.
Murder At The Station by Lorraine Small. Episode 5. Trouble on the 6.15. The story so far: Jane Platt, (1) who is travelling to London because of a mysterious letter, is the only person (2)who/that witnesses a murder at Victoria Station. The detective to (3)whom she gives her statement then disappears. Jane goes to an office in Soho to answer the letter (4) ..X /which / that. she received. There she discovers that her uncle Gordon, (5) who. lives in South America, has sent her a small box (6) ..X /which / that. she is only to open if she is in trouble. Jane, (7) .whose parents have never mentioned an Uncle Gordon, is suspicious of the box, (8) .which.. she gives to her friend Tony. They go to Scotland Yard and see Inspector Groves, (9) ..who.. has not heard of the Victoria Station murder, (10) .which.. was not reported to the police. Jane gives Inspector Groves the murdered man's ticket (11) ..X /which / that. she found beside his body. Then Jane and Tony decide to go to Redhill, (12) .which. was the town (13) .where. the murdered man came from. On the train they meet a man, (14) .whose. face is somehow familiar to Jane, (15) .who says he knows her Uncle Gordon...

Exercise 5: Correct the errors in the sentences below.

a) My friend Jack, who parents live in Glasgow, invited me to spend Christmas there. whose b) Peter comes from Whitney, who is near Oxford. which c) This is the girl with whom Jack is planning to marry. to d) There's a cafe near here where serves very good meals. which e) People whose park outside get given parking tickets. who f) The meal, that wasn't very tasty, was quite expensive. which g) Brighton, (X) is on the south coast, is a popular holiday resort. which h) The golf club is the only club in which I am a member.

of

Exercise 6: Choose the best option.

1. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, is near Cairo, is one of the most famous monuments in the world. a. where b. which c. what d. that 2. David Dickinsons new play is a fairy-tale romance, . a pregnant woman searches for the father of her child during a rainstorm. a. b. c. d. that in which where whom

3. Surely thats the boy a. b. c. d. his sister won the painting competition. who sang so beautifully at the concert last night. which everyone is talking about all day. that his grades are the top in the exams.

4. which expands when heated. a. b. c. d. A thermometer contains mercury This is a characteristics of all metals The atmosphere contains various gases Parts of the sea floor remain unexpected

VOCABULARY: UNIT 46, 47

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks in the paragraph with the correct choice.
Scientists have discovered a new species under the deep water of Black Sea. However, the problem is that they do not even know whether it is a new species or not, because they have encountered just one individual. In other words, they do not know if there are any relatives of this newly found creature. Another problem is that unfortunately it is not alive anymore. This extraordinary creature has an extraordinarily different cell structure. The (1)_________________which covers the outer part of the cell is not similar to the ones of many organisms living under the water. The scientists also report that their system which contains their (2)_______________information, namely DNA, does not contain nitrogen as opposed to the DNA as we know. However, their RNA structure is argued to be similar to the ones of other creatures. It includes the information the cells need to build (3)________________. In order to discover more about this new creature, scientists will investigate the (4) ______________of its body. They especially want to learn more about the (5)________________in the organism. Of course, it is not all about the biological discoveries that are waiting to be discovered. The scientists are also curious about how they (6) _______________in dangerous life conditions under the sea and how they (7)______________from big fish, and of course, if there are any more such creatures. If they can find answers to these questions, they will be sure about whether this newly found creature is just a member of an undiscovered species or not. 1. a. nucleoid b. membrane c. gene d. fossil 2. a. genetic b. multicelluar c. granules d. bacteria 3. a. vitamins b. carbonhydrates c. proteins d. chromosome 4. a. remains b. actions c. bacteria d. seals 5. a. spirits b. motions c. recreations d. chemicals 6. a. die b. survive c. feed d. kill 7. a. shelter b. control c. consist d. divide

A SUPRISING DISCOVERY

Exercise 2: Match the words on the right column with their meanings.
1. slow destruction e 2. possessions b 3. Strong complaints g 4. the length between two places i 5. take part in a race or competition c 6. unexplained story h 7. in a shocked condition. f 8. always j 9. people living in the city d 10. human society a a.civilization b. resources c. compete d. inhabitants e. erosion f. in a state of shock g. protests h. mystery i. distance j. constantly

WEEK 8: UNIT 7: PAST PERFECT

Exercise 1: Put the appropriate verbs below into the blanks in the correct form (past perfect simple). fall build make learn do not-be put on not-order

1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we . had built .. 2. He (not / be) .... hadnt been . to Cape Town before 1997. 3. When she went out to play, she . had (already) done .. her homework. 4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum .. had made 5. The doctor took off the plaster that he had put on .. six weeks before. 6. The waiter brought a drink that I . hadnt ordered .. 7. I could not remember the poem we . had learned . the week before. 8. The children collected the chestnuts that had fallen .. from the tree.

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense (simple past or past perfect).
1) After Fred (spend) ..had spent.. his holiday in Italy he (want) wanted to learn Italian. 2) Jill (phone) .had phoned Dad at work before she (leave) left for her trip. 3) Susan (turn on) ..turned on the radio after she (wash) ..had washed. the dishes. 4) When she (arrive) ..arrived.., the match (already/start) had already started. 5) After the man (come) had come home he (feed) ..fed.. the cat. 6) Before he (sing) ..sang.. a song he (play) ..had played.. the guitar. 7) She (watch) watched a horror film after the children (go) ..had gone.. to bed. 8) After Eric (make) ..had made. breakfast he (phone) .phoned.. his friend. 9) I (be) .was. very tired because I (study) ..had studied.. too much. 10) They (ride) ..had ridden.. their bikes before they (meet) ..met.. their friends.

Exercise 3:Use the prompts to complete the pairs of sentences. Use the past perfect in one sentence and the past simple in the other.
1. When I got to Victoria Station, a) the nine oclock train (already/ leave). b) I (wait) for the nine thirty train. the nine oclock train had already left. I waited for the nine thirty train

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2. I didnt phone Libby to tell her Id be late because... a) I (cannot) remember her phone number. with me 3. When the train arrived at Brighton Station, a) Libby (already/ drive) home. b) I (take) a taxi to Libbys house. Libby had already driven home I took a taxi to Libbys house. I couldnt remember her phone number b) I (forget) to bring my address book with me. I had forgotten to bring my address book

4. Luckily, I remembered the way to her house because... a) I (know) it was near the hospital. b) I (be) there before. a) She (lose) her front door keys. b) she (look) extremely annoyed. a) which she luckily (leave) open. b) and she (open) the front door for me. I knew that it was near a hospital. I had been there before. She had lost her front door keys. She looked extremely annoyed. which she luckily had left open. and she opened the front door for me

5. I got out of the taxi and found Libby holding a ladder.

6. She climbed through her bedroom window...

Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences below using past simple and / or past perfect simple.
1. Luckily, I came home and then the heavy rain started. (before) Luckily, I had come home before the heavy rain started. 2. I met him in 2006. We were good friends, then he moved to zmir in 2010 and we stopped seeing each other. ( by the time ) We had been good friends for four years by the time he moved to zmir. 3. Samuel retired last year. He worked for Microsoft between 1985 and 2010. ( when for) Samuel had worked for Microsoft for 25 years when he retired. 4. I saw a 3D film at the cinema last month for the first time. (that was) That was the first time I had seen a 3D film at the cinema. 5. I finished doing my homework. Then, I found out that it was the wrong page. (after) After I had finished doing my homework, I found out that it was the wrong page. 6. I finished answering the questions, and then the teacher said time is up. (already-when) I had already finished answering the questions when the teacher said time is up. 7. I didnt study English. Last year I went abroad and started studying English. (before) I had never studied English before I went abroad last year.

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WEEK 9: UNIT 16: REPORTED STATEMENTS, UNIT 17: REPORTED QUESTIONS-COMMANDS-REPORTING VERBS
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences in Reported Speech.

1.

quiet

Mrs. Harris told us to sit down and be

2. Mr. Walker told Richard that .those papers had to be filled..

3. Jonathan toldhis mother that he had been studying all day

4. Barbara said that she had never had her own office before.

5.

Ray said ...he goes (went) for a swim every day.

6. Ronald told Marty that if they ran, they would catch the bus

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Exercise 2: Study the speech bubbles,then complete the sentences below using reported speech, as in the example.
Hurry up! Will you help me with these bags, please, Jim? I wont be home tonight, Dad Im going to bed. Can I have a biscuit, please, Mum? Be quiet!

Well discuss it later.

E.g: It was very late, so I said I was going to bed. 1. Clare was planning to stay with friends, so she told her dad (that) she wouldnt be home that night. 2. I was hungry, so I asked Mum if/whether I could have a biscuit. 3. The shopping was very heavy, so Sarah asked Jim to help her with the bags. 4. Mark wasnt ready for school, so his brother told him to hurry up. 5. The children were shouting, so the teacher told them to be quiet. 6. Pam was busy when I asked for some advice, so she told me we would discuss it later.

Exercise 3: Brian and Thelma have just returned from their honeymoon in Barbados. They had a terrible time and they have just had their first big argument.
Read the report of the argument in Thelmas diary. Write the actual words of their argument.

September 24th Sunday Brian and I had our first big row last night all about our honeymoon, of course. It was horrible! We shouted at each other! He told me that it was my fault that wed gone to Barbados and that it had cost a fortune and had been the worst holiday he had ever had. I said that there was nothing wrong with Barbados, it was very beautiful, but the travel firm were to blame. Their brochure had promised all kinds of things about the hotel and it had all been lies. I told him that he had no right to blame me and I started crying. Brian said he was sorry and that he knew that it wasnt my fault really. He said that he would go to the travel agent first thing in the morning and that he would tell them about everything that had gone wrong. I said that I would go, too, because I was going to ask for our money back or another holiday. Lets see what happens tomorrow.

Brian: Its your fault that we went to Barbados. It cost a fortune and it was the worst holiday Ive ever had. Thelma: Theres nothing wrong with Barbados. its very beautiful. Their brochure promised all kinds of things about the hotel. And they were all lies.(Crying) Youve no right to blame me. Brian: Im sorry, Thelma. I know its not really your fault. Ill go to the travel agent first thing in the morning and Ill tell them about everything that went wrong. Thelma: Ill go, too, because Im going to ask for our money back or another holiday.

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Exercise 4: Fiona went for an interview last week. First read, then report Mr. Roberts questions. Why do you want to work for Portman Plastics? How long were you employed at Smithson Hotel? Can you speak French? Are you familiar with the plastics industry? Why did you leave your last place of employment? Is this the first time you have applied for a managerial post? Would you be willing to move to Paris? When did you graduate? What salary would you hope to receive? May I check your references?

1-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona why she wanted to work for Portman Plastics. 2-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona how long she was /had been employed at Smithson Steel. 3-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona if/whether she could speak French. 4-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona if/whether she was familiar with the plastics industry. 5-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona why she (had) left her last place of employment. 6-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona if/whether it was the first time she had applied for a managerial post. 7-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona if/whether she would be willing to move to Paris. . 8-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona when she (had) graduated. 9-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona what salary she would hope to receive. 10-) Mr. Roberts asked Fiona if/whether he might check her references.

Exercise 5: Anna has just met Colin Boyle, a singer she admires very much. She is telling her boyfriend, Ian, about the meeting, and he wants to know exactly what Colin said to her, and what she said to him. Read their conversation below. IAN: Well, what was he like? Was he friendly? What did he say? ANNA: He was really friendly. (1) He asked me who I was. IAN: Then what? ANNA: (2) He asked me where I came from. IAN: And what did you say? ANNA: (3) I told him I came from Dublin of course. Then (4) he said that was where he was born too. Then (5) I told him Id been a fan of his for ages, and (6) he said he was very flattered, and then (7) he asked whether I was going to the concert tonight. So (8) I told him we wanted to, but we hadnt been able to get tickets, because theyd sold out except the most expensive ones and we couldnt afford them. IAN: And did he give you some tickets? ANNA: No, he didnt. But (9) he did ask the concert hall manager if we could have some at the cheaper price. And the manager said, Yes!

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Now write exactly what Anna and Colin said. 1. Colin said: Who are you? 2. Colin said: Where do you come from? 3. Anna said: I come from Dublin. 4. Colin said: That is where I was born too. 5. Anna said: Ive been a fan of yours for ages. 6. Colin said: I am very flattered. 7. Colin said: Are you coming to the concert tonight? 8. Anna said: We want to, but we havent been able to get tickets because theyve sold out except the most expensive ones and we cant afford them. 9. Colin said (to the concert manager): Can we have some tickets at the cheaper price.

Exercise 6: Change the following sentences into Reported Speech. Use one of the reporting verbs in the box. promise
1. 2. 3.

offer

order

complain

advise

suggest

refuse

ask

accuse

4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

"Let me help you change the tyre, Jack", Diana said. Diana offered to help Jack change the tyre. "You had better see a dentist before your toothache gets worse, Penny", Lucy said. Lucy advised Penny to see a dentist before her toothache got worse. "I'll bring your tapes to school tomorrow, for sure", he said. He promised to bring my tapes to school the following/next day for sure. He promised that he would bring my tapes to school the following/next day for sure. "I won't let you in unless you say the password", the guard said. The guard refused to let me in unless I said the password. Kelly said, "Let's meet at Paul's house." Kelly suggested meeting at Pauls house. Kelly suggested that we meet at Pauls house. Kelly suggested that we should meet at Pauls house. "Come on, Christine. Lift your leg higher", the ballet teacher said. The ballet dancer ordered Christine to lift her leg higher. "Please don't smoke in here, Mr. Blake", the lady said. The lady asked Mr. Blake not to smoke in there. Martha said, "You're lying, Tess". Martha accused Tess of lying. "I've been working very hard this month", James said. James complained about working very hard that month. James complained that he had been working very hard that month

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Exercise 7: Report the following sentences by using the appropriate reporting verb from the given table. admit order insist refuse apologize invite suggest threaten remind

1. Take this chewing gum out of your mouth immediately! the teacher said to Jo. The teacher ordered Jo to take that chewing gum out of his mouth immediately. 2. I wont go to bed! Bob said. Bob refused to go to bed. 3. Would you like to go to a movie? John said to Mary. John invited Mary (to go) to a movie. 4. Dont forget to lock the door before you leave, my mother told me. My mother reminded me to lock the door before I left. 5. Im sorry I forgot to call you, Sue told John. Sue apologized to John for not calling him. 6. Ill punish you if you behave badly, Mum told the twins. Mum threatened to punish the twins if they behaved badly. 7. Shall we go bowling this evening? Mark said. Mark suggested going bowling that evening. 8. Yes, I took the letter, Mary said. Mary admitted (to) taking the letter. 9. You must stay for lunch, Sarah, said Mrs. Stamp. Mrs. Stamp insisted on Sarah / Sarahs staying for lunch . Mrs Stamp insisted Sarah (should) stay for lunch.

VOCABULARY: UNITS 16, 17

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box and then write their parts of speech in the parentheses. excavation citizen description spectacular publicity evidence reject thesis devote wealth jewellery inaccurate
1. A long piece of writing that is done as part of an advanced university course is called thesis (noun). 2. The action of removing earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past is called excavation(noun). 3. Objects made from valuable stones, gold, silver, etc. and worn for decoration are called jewellery(noun). 4. Something that makes you believe that something is true or exists is called evidence(noun). 5. Someone who has a legal right to live in a particular country is called citizen (noun). 6. The total of words that tell you what someone or something is like is called description(noun).

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7. Advertising or information about something or someone in the media is called publicity(noun). 8. If something is not correct or exact, it is inaccurate(adjective). 9. If you use your time and energy for particular reason, then you devote(verb) them to this particular reason. 10. A large amount of money or property is called wealth(noun). 11. If you refuse to accept or agree with something, then you reject(verb) it. 12. If a view is very good or exiting, we describe it as spectacular(adjective).

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. motivate improve avoid workout injury goal proper invest

overtrain remind

1. The manager is not certain whether to invest large amounts of money, time and energy in this project. 2. It is very important for a sportsman to do different activities each time to make his/her workout more interesting and challenging. 3. The teacher has set herself various goals to achieve by the end of the month in order to improve her students level of English. 4. The officers should avoid unnecessary paperwork in order to use their time more efficiently. 5. Be careful not to overtrain before the marathon; otherwise, you can hurt yourself! 6. If you are going to walk this sort of distance you should wear proper walking boots. 7. The residents were lucky to escape from the earthquake without injury. 8. Big companies send their workers to other countries in order to both motivate and provide them with better training opportunities. 9. Dont worry! Ill phone to Sarah and remind her that the conference has been cancelled. 10. He did everything to improve the conditions for factory workers, but the result isnt satisfactory yet.

WEEK 9: UNIT 21: CAUSATIVE HAVE

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given below. steal-damage-fix-redecorate-paint-cut-break 1. We will have our landlord ____fixed_________ the broken window. 2. She has had her hair ______cut___________ at QuickCuts for only $25. 3. We had our house ______painted/redecorated/fixed__________ last year. 4. She's having her house ________redecorated________. 5. John had all his money ___stolen____________ from his hotel bedroom. 6. I had my nose __broken____________ playing rugby. 7. We had our car ______damaged_________ by a falling tree.

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WEEK 10: UNIT 19: CONDITIONALS: IMPOSSIBLE PAST, WISHES

Exercise 1: Read the situation. Then make a sentence with if. Example: I didnt have time. I didnt go shopping. If I had had time, I would have gone shopping. 1. She was ill. She didnt go to work. If she hadnt been ill, she would have gone to work. 2. It rained all morning. We didnt go out. If it hadnt rained all morning, we would have gone out. 3. She didnt have enough money. She couldnt buy the shoes. If she had had enough money, she could have bought the shoes. 4. I wasnt hungry. I didnt have breakfast. If I had been hungry, I would have had breakfast. 5. He was tired. He made a mistake. If he hadnt been tired, he wouldnt have made a mistake. 6. We didnt have a map. We got lost. If we had had a map, we wouldnt have got lost. Exercise 2: Read the text and complete the sentences below using Type 3 Conditional forms of the given verbs. The Titanic was a British luxury passenger liner which sank during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York in 1912. On 14th April, the Titanic hit an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean. Distress signals were sent to the Californian, a ship 20 miles away, but their radio operator was off duty and the signals were not received. Some of the passengers got into lifeboats, but, although the Titanic was luxurious, it did not have enough lifeboats for all the passengers on board. As a result, the loss of life was great. Many people died because the sea was very cold. Luckily, another ship, Carpathia, rescued some of the passengers. As a result of this disaster, new rules were made to ensure that sea voyages would be safer in the future. It is now believed that the Titanic sank so quickly because it was too large. 1. If the ship had not hit an iceberg, it wouldnt have sunk. (sink) 2. If the Californians radio operator had been on duty, the signals would have been received. (receive) 3. If the Titanic had had enough lifeboats, the loss of life wouldnt have been so great. (be) 4. If the sea hadnt been so cold, many people wouldnt have died. (die) 5. If the Carpathia had not arrived, some of the passengers wouldnt have been rescued. (rescue) 6. If the Titanic had not sunk, new rules (about the sea voyages) wouldnt have been made. (make) 7. If the Titanic had not been so big, it wouldnt have sunk so quickly. (sink)

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Exercise 3: May Brown is a sales executive for a leading cosmetics company. Read about her disastrous day and complete the sentences below.
Mays disastrous day LAST SUNDAY NIGHT May forgot to set her alarm clock, so she overslept and was an hour late for work. Mays boss, Ms. Collins, called her into the office and told her that because she was late again she couldnt go on a planned business trip to New York for the following week. Ms. Collins said that shed decided to send a more reliable person. May was so upset about missing her business trip that she locked herself in the ladies toilet and cried her heart out. Also, she completely forgot that she had arranged to meet her boyfriend, Ben, for lunch at an Italian restaurant. Eventually she dried her eyes and returned to her desk. She looked at her computer screen, it was totally out of focus. She asked her colleague at the next desk if he could help her put it right, but he said that he couldnt see anything wrong with it. Then May realized what had happened. The computer was all right, but she wasnt. Shed lost one of her contact lenses in the toilet. At last the day ended. Without her contact lens May had to get the bus home and leave her car at work because she couldnt see well enough to drive. She waited at the bus stop for over an hour in the pouring rain and didnt get home until 8 oclock. She was greeted by a message from Ben on her answering machine. He was very angry and reminded her that this was the third time she had forgotten to meet him. He said that she clearly didnt care for him and that this was the end of their relationship. May was heartbroken. In tears for the second time that day, she decided to go to bed before anything else could go wrong. However, she forgot to feed the cat. The next day, with a streaming cold, she went downstairs to make herself a cup of tea and found bird feathers everywhere. The poor cat had resorted to desperate measures to get food. It had eaten the budgie! Poor budgie! May went back to bed and pulled the covers over her head. 1-) May wouldnt have overslept if shed set her alarm clock . 2-) Her business trip wouldnt have been cancelled if she hadnt been late again . 3-) If she hadnt been so upset, she wouldnt have locked herself in the toilet and she wouldnt have forgotten to meet Ben for lunch. 4-) If shed met Ben for lunch, he wouldnt have ended their relationship . 5-) If she hadnt cried so much, she wouldnt have lost a contact lens . 6-) She could have driven home if she hadnt lost a contact lens . 7-) If shed driven home, she wouldnt have had to wait at the bus stop in the pouring rain/she wouldnt have got so wet . 8-) She wouldnt have caught a cold if she hadnt waited at the bus stop in the pouring rain/ she hadnt got so wet . 9-) Her boyfriend wouldnt have ended their relationship if she hadnt forgotten to meet him three times . 10-) If shed remembered to feed the cat, it wouldnt have eaten the budgie .

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Exercise 4: Underline the most suitable verb form in each sentence.

a) I wish Peter doesn't live/didn't live/wouldn't live so far away from the town center. We'll have to take a taxi. b) I feel rather cold. I wish I brought/had brought my pullover with me. c) What a pity. I wish we don't have to/didn't have to/wouldn't have to leave. d) I wish you tell/told/had told me about the test. I haven't done any revision. e) I wish the people next door hadn't made/wouldn't make/couldn't make so much noise. I can't hear myself think! f) Darling, I love you so much! I wish we are/had been/could be/would be together all the time! g) I'm sorry I missed your birthday party. I really wish I come/came/had come/would come. h) I like my new boss but I wish she gave/would give/could give me some more responsibility. i) Having a lovely time in Brighton. I wish you are/were/had been here. j) This car was a complete waste of money. I wish I didn't buy/hadn't bought it.

Exercise 5: Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.

a) This train journey seems endless! I wish we (go) .had gone by car. b) I wish I (have) had. the money to buy some new clothes, but I can't afford any at the moment. c) I wish the government (do) would do. something about the pollution in the city. d) I'm getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget) .hadnt forgotten. my umbrella. e) I wish you (not do) wouldnt do that! It's a really annoying habit f) That was a lovely meal, but I wish I (not eat) hadnt eaten so much. g) I wish I (study) .had studied harder for my exams. I'm not going to pass. h) I wish you (not leave) .wouldnt leave your dirty shoes in your bedroom! i) I'm afraid I have no idea where Diana has gone. I wish I (know) knew. j) I really enjoyed our trip to the theatre. I wish we (go) went / could go more often.

Exercise 6: Read the situations below and write sentences using wish or if only.
1. I spent the entire weekend playing video games. I didnt study much for the history test I had on Monday, so I didnt do well. I wish / If only I had studied for the test . 2. I always spend my pocket money on clothes and never have any money to go out with my friends. I wish / If only I didnt spend my pocket money on clothes .. 3. I woke up late and forgot to pick up Charlie on my way to work. Now hes very angry with me. I wish / If only I had woken up earlier .

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4. My father warned me to drive carefully. I was careless and had an accident. I wish / If only I had driven more carefully 5. Jack has to be able to speak three languages to get the job. He can only speak French. Jack wishes he could speak two more languages .

VOCABULARY: UNITS 7, 8, 19
Exercise 1: The letters of the target words are scrambled. Put them in the correct order in order to make the sentences meaningful.
1. In 1906 an e arthquake (aqetruahke) destroyed much of San Francisco, and many people ended up being homeless. 2. Some people were s creaming (smcianeg)through the smoke in order to make the rescuers hear their voice. 3. The plates are hand painted by our finest craftsmen (nemcftsra). 4. We were unable to move because of the density (tsendiy)of the crowd. 5. The tsunami (nastuim) hit the coasts of many islands leaving huge damage behind. 6. Let's see if I can pour the juice into the glass without spilling (slpinlgi)it. 7. The boat was about a mile from the shore (rohes) when the engine suddenly died. 8. It's the terrible volume (uvemlo)of traffic in the city that is causing the problems. 9. John has tickets for the opera whose composer (pocmoser) is Mozart.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. sail
1. 2. 3. 4.

gate

border

coast

kingdom

march

leader

battle

rightful

powerful

All passengers for flight TK4374 please proceed to gate 16. The war ships invaded the west coast of anakkale during World War I. As the boat sailed, everyone on deck waved. Now I am the rightful owner of this house because I have completed all the official process. 5. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms took place in England, Ireland, and Scotland between 1639 and 1651 after these three countries had come under the "Personal Rule" of the same monarch. 6. Mary was selected as the leader of the project which aims to protect the animals in the neighborhood. 7. The train crosses the border between France and Belgium, so you can also have a trip to Brussels if you wish. 8. Over four thousand people marched through London today to protest against the proposed new law. 9. She lost her parents in battle in Vietnam, so she grew up in miserable conditions. 10. The President is more powerful than the Prime Minister.

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Exercise 3: Match the words in the box with the pictures. algae predator twigs sloth extinct upside down

1. sloth

2. predator

3. extinct

4. twigs

5. algae

6. upside down

WEEK 10: UNIT 34: PRONOUNS-POSSESSIVEINDEFINITE PR.

Exercise 1: Circle the pronoun that best completes each sentence.
1. Mrs. Smith does not like her students to approach her with a question until they have first tried to figure out the answer on (their, theirs, they, there's) own. 2. Jennifer is a very shallow person who only likes someone if (their, theirs, they, there's) have a lot of money. 3. Since (you, your, yours, you're) leaving tomorrow, we will wash your clothes today. 4. The living room is hers to clean, not (my, mine, I, me). 5. We never thought (our, ours, we) would do so well at the competition. 6. My pancakes were flatter than (her, hers, she). 7. I waited to receive a letter from the college to see if they would admit (my, mine, I, me). 8. Yours is the kind of character (my, mine, I, me) hope my children have when they become adults. 9. It's (my, mine, I, me) duty to clean my room every day. 10. (Their, Theirs, They, There's) is a kind of television show that I would I never let my children watch. 11. I saw (her, hers, she) expression and it was not a good one.

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Exercise 2: Fill in the appropriate reflexive pronouns.

I. This morning, John and Helen got up early. Then, they decided to make some breakfast by (1) ..........themselves.......... While they were in the kitchen, John hurt (2) ............himself............when he tried to cut some bread with a sharp knife, and Helen burnt (3) ..........herself.............while she was making some hot tea. After that, they decided never to make breakfast by (4) .........themselves..........again! A: I like your dress Kate. Did you make it (1) .......yourself...............? B: Well, I did most of it by (2) ..........myself...........but my mother helped with some of it. A: My sister makes all of her clothes (3) ........herself............and she makes other things, too. B: Things would be so much cheaper if we made everything (4).......ourselves............ My parents used to make a lot of things (5) .......themselves.........but they dont have the time any more.

II.

Exercise 3: Underline the correct word in brackets.

1. Are you sure the concert is today? There arent (some / any) people outside. 2. Come here! Theres (something /anything) Id like to show you. 3. I have (some / any) coffee, but I dont think I have (some /any) tea. 4. I think there is (some /any) in the fridge. 5. There isnt (anything /something) I like here. 6. Dont you have (some / any) friends in your neighborhood? 7. Id like (some /any) attention please. 8. Could I have (some /any) more coffee? 9. Theres never (anyone /someone) in the office during the day. 10. I dont feel like doing (something / anything) when I get home from work. Exercise 4: Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or their derivatives. (somebody, anything, nowhere etc.) 1. Im thirsty. Can I have some water, please? 2. Somebody/Someone is calling your name. Is it your brother? 3. There was nothing interesting to see in the town so we left. 4. Its raining heavily. There arent any people in the streets. 5. Nobody/No-one knows the answer to this question. Its very difficult. 6. Would you like some milk with your tea? 7. I cant find my glasses, but I know theyre somewhere in this room. 8. Are there any cakes left? Im hungry. 9. There is no water in my glass. Its empty. 10. I want to tell you something but please dont tell anybody/anyone. 11. We went nowhere this weekend because I wasnt feeling well.

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12. Thank you very much. I dont need anything else. 13. Do you want to go somewhere to eat tonight? 14. A: Ive lost my keys. I cant find them anywhere.

B: Dont worry. Im sure theyre somewhere in this room.

15. A: I asked everybody, but nobody/no-one wants to help me with my project. B: Okay, Ill give you some help. 16. A: Did you buy the biscuits I wanted?

B: No, they didnt have any in the supermarket. Exercise 5: Put in somebody / anything / nowhere etc.
Dear Phil, Ive been here for two months and I dont like this place. I havent met anybody/anyone interesting. Also, its very quiet in the evenings. All the shops and restaurants close early and the streets are empty. Theres nowhere to go and there is nothing good on TV. Then yesterday somebody/someone told me about a sports club somewhere near my house. So I decided to try it - its only ten minutes from my house and its great. Theres weighttraining, tennis, a swimming pool, and the people there are very friendly. Nobody/No-one tells you what to do - you can choose for yourself. In the middle of the evening, somebody/someone said, Hello, Im Tony. Are you doing anything later this evening? Would you like to go for something to eat? I said, Yes, Id love to. We had delicious pizzas and that night I thought to myself, This town is getting better! I havent been anywhere for two months and now Ive been to two new places in one evening and made a friend. All the best, Geoffrey

Exercise 6: Complete the sentences using words from the box. someone anyone everywhere no one everyone somewhere everything nowhere

I love my job. I travel all the time and (1)...................everywhere.................I go, I try to visit the tourist sights. I find it hard to spend only two or three days in a city, but I always try to see (2)................everything..................I can in the time I have. (3)..............Everyone..................I know prefers travelling to work by car, but I always take the train. Its much more relaxing. You can look at the countryside or read the newspaper, and theres usually (4).............someone..............interesting to talk to. When I go to work very early, Im often alone and there is (5)................no one..................else on the train . But when the waiter walks through and asks, Does (6).............anyone..............want tea or coffee ?, I feel better. At the moment, Im looking for (7)............somewhere............interesting for me and my sister to spend our next holiday. We have already been all around Britain. Id really like to travel round India. But Janet always says there is (8).........nowhere.........better than a holiday in the U.S.A., riding horses high into the mountains. Im not so sure.

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WEEK 11: UNIT 8: TENSE CONTRAST

Exercise 1: Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use past simple, past continuous, past perfect.
It was a cool evening in September 1895. John Markham......had had.... (have) a hard day at work, and he.......was looking...........(look) forward to getting home. Suddenly, a woman...rushed... (rush) out of the office next door. She......was shaking.......(shake) with fright because she.....had heard...(hear) someone screaming in the cellar. She was sure it was a ghost. John.....didnt believe......(not believe) in ghosts so he....went.......(go) into the building to investigate. It was very quiet. But just as he thought that it was all the womans imagination, he......heard.........(hear) screams. Who are you? What do you want? cried John. The screaming.......didnt stop......(not stop) so he......hurried....(hurry) towards the place where it....was coming from.....(come from). He......reached.....(reach) the door leading to the cellar, .......took......(take) a candle and..........went........(go) down the cellar stairs. Suddenly, the door......slammed......(slam) behind him, making a piece of paper fall from a shelf above his head. He.......examined.....(examine) the piece of paper carefully. It was the death certificate of a fifteen-year-old girl called Alice Pick. She.....had died......(die) of starvation. The next day, John......told.......(tell) his neighbour about the evenings extraordinary events. Apparently, the building......hadnt always been.....(not always/ be) an office. It.......had once belonged........(once/ belong) to a rich woman called Eva Tyndale who had shut Alice, her servant, in the cellar. One of the other servants told the police, but by the time they discovered Alice, she was dead and Mrs. Tyndale......had disappeared...... (disappear).

Exercise 2: Complete the text with the present simple, the present progressive or present perfect of the verbs in brackets.
Jason Peters is (be) a wildlife cameraman. He films (film) wild animals for documentary programmes on TV. As part of his job, he has explored (explore) the worlds jungles and rain forests many times in his life time. Snakes have bitten (bite) him more times than he can remember and alligators have attacked (attack) him, too. At the moment he is preparing (prepare) to go back to the Amazon. He loves (love) filming there but another reason is that his girlfriend, Carmen, lives (live) in Manaus, near the Amazon. Peter and Carmen work (work) together when they can. They have filmed (film) in Venezuela several times. While they were there, they lived with the Matis Indians. The Matis eat (eat) monkeys says Jason but they dont eat (not eat) some animals which are part of their religion. At the moment I am studying

25

(study) them and the Amazon people and I am trying (try) to compare the two. Although it is very difficult, I have already found (already/find) books about the Amazon people to help me but theres nothing about the Matis. I guess Ill have to write something myself

Exercise 3: Fill in with present or past tenses.

Lars: Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? Tony: We (wait) .are waiting. for the new Stars Wars movie. In fact, we (wait).. have been waiting.. here for more than five hours. Lars: Five hours? When did you arrive? Tony: We (get) got. here at 6:00 o'clock this morning. More than forty people (stand) .were standing here waiting for tickets when we arrived. Lars: I can't believe that! Are you serious? Tony: Yeah, people (take) .take. Star Wars movies seriously. In fact, this particular showing has been sold out for over a week. We (wait, just) ..are just waiting. in line to get a good seat in the theater. Lars: When did you buy your tickets? Tony: I (buy) .bought. them last week by phone. I (know) .knew.. tickets would be hard to get because I (see) .had seen.. a news interview with a group of people standing in line to get tickets. Lars: I don't believe that! Tony: It's true. They (camp) ..camped.. out in front of Mann's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles for about a month because they (want) ..wanted.. to be the first people to see the movie.

Exercise 4: Circle the correct option.

When Craig Myers (1)........... his restaurant, he got it for a very good price because it (2)............... empty for two years. Nobody wanted to buy the place because people said that it was haunted. The ghost was a lady in a long green dress who (3).............. a singer in the restaurant years ago. People said that one night, on her way home from the restaurant, the singer (4)............ her car off the road, over some cliffs and into the sea below. Nobody had ever seen that singer alive again. People said they had seen her ghost, but Craig (5).............in ghosts so he wasnt worried. Three months after he (6).. the restaurant, Craig opened it again. He called it The Green Lady. The restaurant (7).............. open for six months when a strange thing happened. It was a Saturday night. Everybody had left and Craig (8).............. up the restaurant. Suddenly he heard a woman singing in the dining room. She (9)............... a traditional song called Greensleeves. Craig went into the dining room. The voice was louder there but the room was empty. Craig (10)............. the restaurant tape recorder and the radio in the kitchen, but they were both switched off. He couldnt stop the strange singing but he didnt feel very worried.

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He (11)............. up the restaurant, got into his car and started to drive into his home. On the way home, he (12)................asleep and crashed his car into a tree. He woke up in a hospital. Two police officers (13)............... in the room with him. We need to ask you some questions, they said. Who was the woman in the car with you? We havent been able to find her since the accident. I (14)...................... anyone with me in the car, Craig answered. Yes, you did, the younger police officer said. We (15).......... behind you and we both saw her. She (16)............. a green dress. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. a) was buying a) was being a) was a) was driving a) doesnt believe a) didnt buy a) had been a) tidied a) was singing a) was checking a) locked a) was falling a) had sat a) didnt have a) drove a) wore b) have bought b) had been b) has been b) had driven b) didnt believe b) was buying b) has been b) had tidied b) sang b) had checked b) was locking b) fell b) sat b) hadnt had b) had driven b) was wearing c) bought c) was c) had been c) has driven c) wasnt believing c) had bought c) was c) was tidying c) had sung c) checked c) had locked c) had fallen c) were sitting c) wasnt having c) were driving c) had worn

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer.

1. The man who killed Rebecca Griego at the University of Washington before taking his own life Monday__________in the United States illegally for more than 10 years, immigration officials said Wednesday. A) has been living B) lived C) was living D) had lived

2. Adults with and without diabetes ________similarly from the decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates over the last several decades, according to a study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. A) are benefiting B) benefited C) have benefited D) had benefited

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3. Life in villages of China ........... around temples, where people........... to ask for things. A) has revolved / have gone B) revolved / have gone C) revolved / were going D) revolves / go 4. It __________ extremely difficult to determine what sickness a patient held in the mid 1940s, yet the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance since 1945 _______it easier to diagnose disease. A) has been / has made B) was / has made C) was / had made D) had been / were made 5. Three hospitals and four clinics......... ...... to treat the girl's raging kidney infection because she ............ broke and lacked medical insurance. A) had refused / was B) have refused / is being C) was refusing / has been D) have been refusing / was 6. Over the years I.............. several articles and two books on animal-intelligence experiments and the controversy that........... them. A) was writing / was surrounded B) have written / surrounds C) wrote / has surrounded D) am writing / is surrounded

WEEK 11: UNIT 27: COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

Exercise 1: Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.
a) Different countries have different weather/weathers. b) All areas of the skin are in fact covered in tiny hair/hairs. c) We've looked at the menu and we'd all like chicken/chickens. d) Jack is a millionaire and owns a lot of business/businesses. e) Do you have a copy of the complete work/works of Dante? f) None of the passengers had insured their baggage/baggages. g) Students must pass their paper/papers to the front. h) I'm afraid we can't find cheap accommodation/accommodations for all of you. i) I would love to go on a long journey/travel by train. j) What's the latest news? Can I look at your paper/journal?

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k) Here's your ticket. Do you have any luggage/suitcase? l) Don't forget to buy a sliced bread/loaf. m) Why don't we leave the car in this car park/parking. n) I can't come to work today. I have a bad cold/sinusitis. o) Excuse me sir, but do you have a licence/permission for that gun?

Exercise 2: Circle the correct word.

1. A: I have a Physics exam tomorrow. B: Oh dear. Physics is /are a very difficult subject. 2. A: My office is three miles from my house. B: Three miles is / are a long way to walk. 3. A: Jane looked nice today, didnt she? B: Yes. Her clothes was / were very smart. 4. A: These trousers is / are very old. B: You should buy a new pair. 5. A: Did you enjoy your holiday? B: Yes, thank you. The weather was / were wonderful. 6. Theyre very happy because their business is / are doing well. 7. The goods that you have ordered is / are already in the warehouse. 8. His baggage was / were so heavy that he had to drag it along the platform. 9. Faulty Towers was / were a very popular British TV series in the 1970s. 10. At that particular moment, three aircraft was / were flying overhead.

Exercise 3: Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.

Food habits Breakfast is one of those (1) B.. that varies from person to person, and country to country. For some (2). , it means a (3) .. of toast and some coffee. In various places I've also been offered (4).. or fruit. (5) .. executives might eat breakfast at the (6) .., while for many schoolchildren breakfast is a (7) .. of milk at home, and then a long wait (8) .. the first break of the morning, when they eat (9) .. or (10) .. chocolate bar. Some families sit down and eat together (11) .. the morning, and listen to (12) .. news on the radio or (13) .. early morning television. For other people, the early morning is a rush (14) .. work or school, and there just simply isn't (15) .. . 1. 2. 3. A) times A) people A) sheet B) meals B) persons B) loaf C) foods C) breakfasts C) slice D) plates D) us D) sandwich

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

A) a cheese A) Business A) train A) glass A) to A) sandwich A) a A) for A) a A) look A) to A )there

B) the cheese B) A business B) street B) piece B) is B) the sandwich B) some B) in B) what B) watch B) from B) it

C) cheese C) Business's C) morning C) warm C) until C) a sandwiches C) a piece C) at C) some C) see C) at C) enough

D) cheeses D) Businessmen D) office D) box D) which D) sandwiches D) a glass of D) while D) the D) regard D) and D) time

Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given in brackets. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. e.g.: This island has a large population.
a) Do you own these things? (your) (had) (traffic) (people)

There are a lot of people on this island. Arethese your.. belongings? b) The weather was good on our holiday. We had good weatheron our holiday. c) There were a lot of cars on the road to Manchester. d) Gerry is a very strong person, in my opinion. e) There are pieces of paper all over the floor! There is litterall over the floor. f) Can I park my car here? (allowed) (machinery) Is parking allowed.. here? g) I know these machines are very expensive. I know this machinery is..very expensive. Therewas a lot of/lots of traffic. on the road to Manchester. (strength) (litter) Gerryhas great strength. in my opinion.

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WEEK 12: UNIT 31: QUANTITY: SOME-ANY UNIT 32: MUCH-MANY-FEW-LITTLE-ENOUGH

Exercise 1: Read the postcard. Find and correct mistakes in the use of some and any and the nouns that go with them.

Dear Sam, Im having a wonderful time in Paris. I didnt have some (ANY) time to write last week because I look a tour of any (SOME) flea markets. It was great. The guides are flea market experts and they gave us any (SOME) good advice about shopping. Did you know that Paris has the largest flea market in the world? Its in St.-Ouen, and there are some amazing thing (THINGS) there! I bought some beautiful vintage clothes. I also got any (SOME) interesting old book (BOOKS) for you. I loved the old furniture, but I didnt buy some (ANY). I need any (SOME) money for food! See you next week. Love, Amy

Exercise 2: Read and choose the correct quantifier.

How many/much centuries ago were cave people walking around earth? What would they think about modern life? There must be thousands of things they would find strange. Much/A lot of aspects of life have changed greatly. For example, there are many /much fewer green areas than in those days and the number of animals is many /much smaller, too. Besides, what about the thousands of modern appliances we use? What would they find the most confusing, a television, a camera or a computer? Arent there enough/much unusual things?! Of course, a lot of/a lot human inventions would probably horrify cave people. What would they think about nuclear bombs and guns? We have created so much /many weapons! And with all the new technology we have, they would find it strange that we cannot protect the nature, only a little/enough water and very few/little wild animals left. If we look at our lives from a cavemans point of view, most things seem odd. But what would cave life be like for us?

Exercise 3: Choose the most suitable sentence that would be said in each context. 31

1. Jane wants to bake a cake as she will have guests in the evening. She bought some eggs two days ago, so she thinks she doesnt need to go to the supermarket. She opens the refrigerator and sees that there are only two eggs; however, she needs at least four. a. There are enough eggs to bake a cake. b. Jane needs a lot eggs to bake a cake. c. Only a few eggs left. 2. Earl has an exam on Saturday, so he has to study. Today is Monday and he has a dance class till 10 p.m. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, he works at Mc Donalds after school. He promised to help his friends who will move to a new house on Wednesday. On Friday, his girlfriend is having a party and he should be there. a. Earl has very few things to do. b. Earl cant study very much for the exam. c. There is only a little time left until the exam day. 3. The Black Sea is very dangerous and divers should be really careful there. There is some light up to 200 meters, but at 10.000 it is completely dark and you dont know what to expect. So, a lot of divers choose not to dive deeper than 10.000 meters. a. Only a few people dive deeper than 10.000 meters. b. There isnt too much light at 10.000 meters. c. Many divers like to dive deep in the Black Sea. 4. In fact, it seems strange that there is a shortage of food recently. Scientists claim that large amounts of the food people eat come from the oceans that cover a large part of the Earths surface. So, there seems to be more than enough food for everyone in the world in the oceans. a. In fact, oceans cannot provide much food for the people. b. A lot of people in the world lack food nowadays. c. Very little of the Earths surface is covered by water. 5. Species often become extinct because human beings destroy the habitats of animals. Consequently, they dont have enough food to eat. A great number of plants, birds and animals are in danger from human beings. For example, there are only a few Pandas left alive. Similarly, lots of experts believe that not many tigers will be left in fifty years. a. Human beings damage the habitat of only a few animals. b. Plenty of Pandas can still exist today. c. Very few tigers are thought to remain in the future.

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Exercise 4: Choose the best option to complete the discussion below.

A: After ten years in government, what have you done? Look at the state of the country; there isnt (1) money for pensions, there is (2) unemployment and (3) children cannot go to the school. B: Our problem is that we have had very (4) time to repair the damage that the previous governments did. (5) people were happy with the education system when you were in government? A: Nonsense! You dont know what you are doing! (6) people in your own party are now saying that, too. You say you havent had (7) ? I say you dont have (8) ideas! B: We have (9) ideas, and they are working! (10) years ago our economy was getting worse; not any more. We have very (11) unemployment now, compared to when you were in government. The people of this country are (12) intelligent to believe your ideas again. A: Really? I think very (13) of them will be convinced by your arguments. B: The problem is that your party spends (14) time insulting the government, and not (15) time thinking of new ideas. C: Thank you very much, gentlemen. I am afraid we have no more time today. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A) no A) only a few A) much A) enough A) How many A) too much A) time enough A) little A) a lot of A) a little A) a few A) enough A) few A ) too many A) little B) enough B) too many B) few B) much B) Many B) very little B) enough time B) no B) very little B) a few B) few B) too B) a few B) very few B) few C) some C) too much C) a lot of C) a little C) How much C) enough of C) a little time C) any C) many C) any C) a little C) a little C) many C) enough C) enough D) little D) very little D) a lot D) little D) Much D) lots of D) many time D) some D) too many D) enough D) little D) not much D) much D) too much D) too

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WEEK 12: UNIT 33: NONE-EACH-ALLEVERY

Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase.
1. Jack walked into the room with a gun in ... hand. A) none A) all day B) no B) every day C) either D) one D) day by day D) all of them D) each of them D) All D) all ears D) each time 2. I feel so tired this evening. I've been working hard ... C) each day 3. All cars for sale were in poor condition, ... were good enough to buy. A) each of them A) neither of them A) People all A) his two ears B) both of them B) all of them C) none of them C) none of them 4. The room was full of people and ... were speaking. 5. .. spent more time walking a century ago. B) All persons C) each people B) each ear C) every year C) all the time 6. My friend Jonathan has a gold earring in ... 7. I looked everywhere for my pen and it was here ... A) none of the time B) every time

Exercise 2: Aunt Madeline has taken her sisters four children to Big Franks Frank for a treat. The boys are Adam and Barry, and the girls are Nicole and Zoe. The Xs in the chart below show what each child is having to eat. (XXX = a very large quantity.) Using the information in the chart, complete the sentences below. Use each quantifier in the box only one time.
ADAM hot dog hamburger fish sandwich fries mustard ketchup salad soda chocolate milkshake X, extra large X, medium X, small X, extra large X X X X XXX X X X X X X XXX BARRY X NICOLE X X ZOE

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a few of

a lot of

all

any

both

every

many

much

no

one

two

1. Every. child is having meat for lunch. 2. .No. child is having a fish sandwich. 3. Both boys are having hot dogs. 4. .One. girl is having a hamburger. 5. .All. children are having fries. 6. .Two. children are having soda. 7. .A few of. the children are using mustard. 8. Adam is having many. hot dogs. 9. Nicole isnt drinking .much. soda. 10. Barry is using a lot of ketchup on his hot dog. 11. Adam, Barry and Nicole arent having .any. salad.

Exercise 3: Choose which words fit the sentences.

1-) I have three dogs. All / Every of them love going for a walk, but neither / none of them likes being brushed. 2-) You can borrow either / each the Renault or the Rover. Theyre all / both in the garage. 3-) My two daughters are each / both good at languages, but none / neither of them can do Maths. 4-) I have a shower every / each day. 5-) How much are the roses? One pound each / either. 6-) I have any / no idea how I spend all my money. At the end of every / either month, its all gone. 7-) I know every / each word of his songs by heart. 8-) There are fifteen rooms in his hotel. Each / Every room is a little different. 9-) You can have either / each an orange or an apple, but you cant have either / both. 10-) Tea or coffee? Either / Neither, thanks. Ive got to rush. 11-) Red or white? Either / Neither, whichever is open. 12-) I know either / both Robert and his brother, but I dont like both / either of them. 13-) Can you help me with my homework? Sure. None / No problem. 14-) I have four brothers. Every / Each of us is different.

Exercise 4: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
a) Everyone in the office was given a personal parking space. Each ...person in the office was given a personal parking space... b) This town doesn't have any good hotels. There are ... no good hotels in this town.

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c) Love is the only thing that you need. All ... you need is love ... d) These two pens don't write properly. Neither ...of these pens writes properly ... e) We are all responsible for our own actions. Each ... of us is responsible for our own actions ... f) All of us feel lonely sometimes. We ... all feel lonely sometimes ... g) All of the shops are closed. None ...of the shops is/are open ... h) Both jobs were unsuitable for Helen. Neither ... job was suitable for Helen ...

Exercise 5: Find the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one.
1. You can use Method A or Method B to solve the problem; it doesnt matter. a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d) 3. The problem can be solved using either of the methods. None of the methods are the best to solve the problem. All problems can be solved with Method A but not with B. Neither method seems to be good to solve the problem. Most of the students in A4 were given writing homework. Every teacher assigned homework to all students in A5. Each student in A5 was given a writing assignment by the teacher. All students in A5 were happy to do their writing homework.

2. The teacher assigned a writing homework to every student in A5.

Sally made her own costume for the school play, but she was the only one to do so. a) Sally helped to make the costumes for the school play, but no one else did. b) Except for Sally, no one helped to make the costumes for the school play. c) It was only Sally who needed a special costume for the school play; none of the others did. d) Sally made the costume she wore in the school play herself, but none of the others made theirs.

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VOCABULARY: UNITS 27, 31, 32, 33

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks in the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box. There are two extra! Spread member habitats preserved species extinct cone webbed feet die out parachute EXTINCT ANIMALS
One of the most famous extinct animals, the quagga was a species of the zebra, whose habitats were in South Africa's Cape Province and the southern part of the Orange Free State. When the last member of the Thylacine, the Tasmanian tiger, died out thousands of years ago, there was no European settlement. The Great Auk was the only species in the genus Pinguinus, but is extinct today. In the past, the Great Auk was found in great numbers on islands off eastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Ireland and Great Britain. Remains found in Florida show that at least occasionally, birds spread that far south in winter as recently as in the 14th century using their webbed feet. Today there are no preserved examples of those animals.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. metabolism calories losing weight fatty bodily functions fried Losing Weight

nutritional

At its most basic, losing weight is about burning more calories than you eat. That seems simple enough, but if were really that simple, none of us would have a weight problem. We take so many things to see results -- diets, pills or those weird fitness gadgets. Maybe you lose weight but what happens when you go off that diet or stop that crazy program? You gain it all back and more. The real secret to weight loss is to make small, lasting changes. The key is to forget about instant results and settle in for the long run. Rules of Weight Loss To lose one pound of fat, you must burn approximately 3500 calories over and above what you already burn doing daily activities. That sounds like a lot of calories and you certainly wouldn't want to try to burn 3500 calories in one day. However, by taking it step-by-step, you can determine just what you need to do each day to burn those extra calories. Below is a step by step process for getting started. 1. Calculate your BMR (basal metabolic rate). Your BMR is the amount of calories your body needs to maintain basic bodily functions like breathing and digestion. This is the minimum number of calories you need to eat each day. Keep in mind that no calculator will be 100% accurate, so you may need to adjust these numbers as you learn more about your own metabolism. 2. Calculate your activity level. For a week or so, keep an activity journal and use a calorie calculator to figure out how many calories you burn while sitting, standing, exercising, lifting weights, etc. throughout the day. After a week, add your totals for each day and average them out to get a general idea of how many calories you burn each day. 3. Keep track of how many calories you eat. For at least a week, track your calories or use a food journal to write down what you eat and drink each day, especially if you eat lots of fatty and fried food. Be as accurate as possible, while learning about nutritional information

37

for restaurants, if you eat out. After a week, add your totals for each day and average them out to get a general idea of how many calories you eat each day. 4. Add it up; take your BMR number and add your activity calories. Then subtract your food calories from that total. If you're eating more than your BMR + your activity calories, you're at risk for gaining weight.

Exercise 3: Match the words with their definitions.

a. b. c. d. e. f. moisture 1 rocky 6 dune 2 bare 3 store (v) 4 scorpion 5 1. very small drops of water in the air 2. a hill of sand 3. covered by nothing 4. keep 5.a small insect with a curved tail 6. with lots of rocks

Exercise 4: Some of the blanks in the sentences below have been completed with wrong words. Correct them using the words in the box. Be careful some of them are correct. special effects sign discourage rewarding action cope a number narrow absorb surrounding convection current
1. It must be very difficult to discourage with three children and a job. ___cope 2. Flowers and ants are the first special effects of Spring. __sign 3. Warm air rises by the process of convection current. ____CORRECT 4. All of the signs were shown in black and white in 1950s. _____action 5. The officials contacted rewarding of people to learn their ideas about the new regulations. ____a number 6. A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from different surrounding countryside. _______CORRECT 7. You can take photographs in narrow with new digital cameras. ___special effects 8. There are many highly effective therapy programs for fear of action places. __narrow 9. They have started a campaign to cope people from smoking recently. ___discourage 10. The anesthesia is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. ______CORRECT 11. Doing research in any kind of field and then writing it down as a paper can be an intellectually a number activity. ____rewarding

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WEEK13-14: UNIT 22: MODALS: ABILITY, OBLIGATION (PR./FUT.) UNIT 23: MODALS: ABILITY, OBLIGATION (PAST) UNIT 24: MODALS: POSSIBILITY, UNCERTANITY, CERTANITY (PR./FUT.) UNIT 25: MODALS: POSSIBILITY, UNCERTANITY, CERTANITY (PAST)
Exercise 1: Which of the sentences below express probability? Put a . Which dont? Put a x. What concepts do the other sentences express?
Example: She must be very rich. (probability) You must do your homework. X (obligation) 1-) We might go to Hawaii for our honeymoon. (probability) 2-) You mustnt smoke in this part of the restaurant. x (obligation) 3-) He cant be coming. Its already after ten oclock. (probability) 4-) She could speak three languages fluently when she was five. x (ability) 5-) He could be working in the library. (probability) 6-) The weather forecast says it may snow tomorrow. (probability) 7-) Good morning. May I speak to Mr Jones? x (permission) 8-) Tom has been working hard all day. He must be feeling tired. (probability) 9-) That cant be Iris at the door. I spoke to her on the phone only five minutes ago. (probability) 10-) You can smoke, but only in the other room. x (permission)

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences using have to, has to, dont have to, doesnt have to, need to, dont need to, doesnt need to, neednt, should, shouldnt or mustnt.
1. Im tired. You should go to bed. 2. I havent done my homework. Dont worry. You dont have to/dont need to/neednt do it today. 3. Does he have to/need to go on a diet? No, he doesnt, but I think he should 4. You mustnt swim in the river. Its very dangerous. 5. We dont have to/ dont need to/neednt stand up when the teachers come into the room, but we usually do. 6. We dont have to /dont need to/neednt do sports after school but we can if we want to. 7. You mustnt make a noise. Theres an exam in room fifteen. 8. Its Saturday tomorrow so he doesnt have to/doesnt need to/neednt get up early. He can sleep until ten. 9. If you need some help with your homework, you should go to the library. 10. Marks lucky. He doesnt have to/doesnt need to/neednt wear a uniform at his school.

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11. You mustnt tell anybody. Its a secret. 12. Dont worry. Theres plenty of time. We dont have to/dont need to/neednt run. 13. Registration is at eight twenty. You mustnt be late. 14. When you have got your luggage, you have to/need to go through Customs. 15. If you have got a ticket, you dont have to/dont need to/neednt queue. You can go straight in. 16. Geoff works too much. I think he should take it easy. 17. You dont have to/dont need to/neednt come with me if you dont want to. Ill go on my own. 18. Your clothes smell, and you have got a cough. You shouldn't smoke.

Exercise 3: Complete the dialogues with must, might/ may, may not/ might not, or cant.
1. A: This pizza cant be for me. It looks like a Margherita and I ordered a Four Seasons. B: It must be mine, then. I ordered a Margherita. 2. A: What time is Jane coming? B: She wasnt sure. She is working late. She said she might not/may not be here until 20:30 or 21:30. A: She must be very busy, then. 3. A: Which city is this? B: Im not sure. It might /may be Rome. A: No, it cant be Italy. The street sign is in French. B: It must be Paris, then. Thats the only place Ive been to in France. 4. A: Can you help me with this crossword? I cant do eight across. B: Lets see. An animal found in Australia. It might /may be a kangaroo or maybe a crocodile. B: It cant be kangaroo. It ends in a y. I know! It must be a wallaby. A: Thats right. Well done. 5. A: Isnt that Grant Duncan, over there? B: No, it cant. He lives in New York now. A: Im sure its Grant. B: Well, I suppose it might be him. But his hair is very grey. Grant doesnt have grey hair. A: But it must be three years since we last saw him. A mans hair can go very grey in three years. B: Whos the woman hes with? She cant be his wife, can she? A: No, Im sure it isnt his wife. I think it may be his daughter. She looks just like him. Shall we go and say hello?

Exercise 4: Read the text and complete with this information.

a) b) c) d) e) f) so you must have a good strong pair of boots so you must always check the wind speed so its much more comfortable because hang-gliders fly slowly because you cant see where you are going because it can get very cold in the wind

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GETTING THE HANG OF HANG-GLIDING Hang- gliding started in the USA in the 1940s. The sport gets its name from the early hanggliders where you actually had to hang by your arms. Now, of course, you have a seat to sit on,(1).....c........... You can learn to hang-glide at a training school. You must be over 16 and quite fit. You need warm clothes, even in the summer,(2) ....f.........When you land, your feet hit the ground first, (3)....a........... The weather is important. Obviously it isnt safe to fly when there are low clouds or mist (4).....e...........And it can be dangerous to fly in heavy rain as the hang-glider can get wet. Most accidents are caused by flying in strong winds, (5).....b........... Hang-gliders need a steady wind of at least 12 kilometres an hour and not more than 35 kilometres an hour. When you are flying you must look out for other hang-gliders. If you are flying straight towards another glider you should always turn to the right. (6).....d..........., you can often shout to the other glider if you are not sure the pilot has seen you! If you follow these simple rules you will have lots of fun! Safe flying!!!

Exercise 5: Read this information about a well-known actress who is deaf. Complete it with the correct form of can or be able to and the verbs in parenthesis. Use can or could when possible.
Actress Marlee Matlin (1) could hear (hear) at birth but lost her hearing at the age of 18 months as a result of a childhood illness. By the age of five, she (2) could read (read) lips. Shortly after that, she mastered sign language. At first, Matlin felt angry and frightened by her hearing impairment. I wanted to be perfect, and I (3) couldnt accept (not accept) my deafness, she said during an interview. With time, however, she (4) was able to learn (learn) to accept it. Matlin began her acting career at the age of eight, when she performed in theater for the deaf. In 1986, she received an Oscar nomination for best actress in the Hollywood film. Children of a Lesser God. In the movie she played the role of an angry woman who was deaf and did not want to speak. For Matlin, however, speaking is very important. At the Oscar ceremonies, she (5) was able to accept (accept) her award verbally. It was the first time the public heard her speak. Its what I wanted to do, because a lot of people all over the world (6) could see (see) me for who I am, she said. Matlin was worried, however. What other roles (7) will I be able to do(do) in the future? she asked. Since her Oscar award, Matlin has appeared in another Hollywood movie, and has costarred in her own TV series, Reasonable Doubts .One viewer said about Matlin, She (8) can do (do) more saying nothing than most people (9) can do (do) talking. Matlin doesnt think of herself as a deaf actress. She is an actress who happens to be deaf. She (10) has been able to master (master) both the deaf and hearing worlds. Since recent intensive speech, she (11) has been able to speak (speak) very clearly, and in the future , she hopes she (12) will be able to get (get) roles that are not specifically written for people with hearing impairments.

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Exercise 6: Read the description of events and write sentences using SHOULD (NT) + perfect infinitive.
Janice went sailing last Tuesday, but her day ended in disaster because she got caught in a storm. She didnt check the weather forecast before she left. She didnt take a life jacket. She forgot to take food with her. She went alone. She left her mobile phone at home. 1. She should have checked the weather forecast before she left. 2. She should have taken a life jacket before she left. 3. She should have taken food with her. 4. She shouldnt have gone alone. 5. She shouldnt have left her mobile phone at home.

Exercise 7: Underline the correct word(s).

1-) Excuse me. Could / Might you tell me the time please? 2-) We neednt / ought to leave soon, I dont want to be late. 3-) That mustnt / cant be Sarah. Shes still in France. 4-) I should have gone / have to go to visit Uncle Tom in hospital after work, but I was too tired. 5-) Im scared of the water because I mightnt / cant swim. 6-) A: I wonder if Paul and Jim have got lost. B: They cant / must have got lost because I gave them a map. 7-) You mustnt / dont have to use cream in this sauce, but it makes it much tastier. 8-) I was able to / could get 10 % off the marked price by paying it cash. 9-) A: Should / May I sit down, please? B: Yes, of course. Make yourself at home. 10-) James cant / mustnt be at the office yet. He only left here five minutes ago. 11-) Paul didnt do his homework. The teacher punished him. He must / should have done his homework. 12-) A: Sorry Im late again. B: You should / might wear a watch. 13-) My daughter is studying languages at university. She can / could speak French, Italian and Russian. 14-) You dont have to / mustnt say a word about this to your mother. Its a surprise. 15-) Amy borrowed her brothers car without asking. He was very angry. She shouldnt / might not have borrowed his car without asking.

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Exercise 8: Rewrite the sentences by using the words in bold.

1. Its a shame that you didnt spend more time on this homework. OUGHT You ought to have spent more time on this homework. 2. It would be a good idea to eat food which is low in fat. SHOULD You should eat food which is low in fat. 3. It is not necessary for children to have tickets. DONT Children dont have to have tickets. 4. It is forbidden to chew gum at school. MUST You mustnt chew gum at school. 5. They will probably come round tonight. MIGHT They might come round tonight. 6. Its possible that he lied to you. MAY He may have lied to you. 7. I am sure he hasnt got much money. CANT He cant have much money. 8. I am certain she is a spy. MUST She must be a spy. 9. I am certain Mr. Fish forgot the appointment yesterday. MUST Mr Fish must have forgotten the appointment yesterday. 10. I am sure she hasnt reached the peak of the mountain. CANT She cant have reached the peak of the mountain.

Exercise 9: Complete the dialogue with must, cant, could, might, may and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Tom and Sally are a young couple in their early twenties. TOM: (Looking out the window) There are some people in the garden next door. They must be (be) our new neighbours. ANN: (Going to the window) They cant be (be). Our new neighbours arrived yesterday. They are a different couple. TOM: Oh. Well, they might/may/could be (be) friends, visiting our new neighbours. ANN: They look like the police. Our new neighbours must have done (do) something wrong. Weve got the mafia next door! TOM: Ann! We dont know that. Our new neighbours might/may/could have called (call) the police about us. We had a very noisy party last night. And we didnt invite them. ANN: They arrived home very late yesterday. Even if we had invited them, they probably wouldnt have come. TOM: Yes, maybe. Who knows? Hey! Our neighbours must be (be) out. The police are coming over here.

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ANN: They might/may/could have (have) some questions for us, about our new neighbours. (Theres a knock on the door. Tom answers it. He calls to Sally.) TOM: Ann! These people want some money for poor children in Africa.

VOCABULARY: UNITS 22, 23

Exercise 1: Fill in the chart below. NOUN rapidity economy measure multiplication division freeze VERB measure multiply divide freeze ADJECTIVE rapid economical measurable vital multiple divisible/divisive freezing ADVERB rapidly economically measurably vitally multiply divisively freezing

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the chart that you have just completed.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The 1900s were a period of rapid change for Turkey. There's increasing demand for cars which are more economical on fuel. In winter canals all freeze in Holland, and many people skate on them. The unequal division of labor among workers led to a huge rebellion in the company. In warm weather germs on food multiply very quickly, so you should keep your meal in the fridge. 6. The new service produces clear, measurable benefits to people's health. 7. The kidney plays a vital role in the removal of waste products from the blood.

Exercise 3: Match the boldfaced words with their definitions. WORDS

1. A new clinic has been opened in order to encourage family planning in the neighborhood where the population is increasing out of control. 2. Following the success of our products in Europe, our logical next step is to move into the American market. 3. In the equation 5x-5=20, x is 5. 4. Most of the work used to be done by apprentices, and the technicians would just come and control their work. 5. The country's trade in textile goods has expanded in the last ten years. 6. The Titanic started to sink shortly after it collided with an iceberg. 7. He gets paid a good wage because he works for a fair employer. 8. Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 9. If found guilty, he faces six months in jail and a heavy fine of is 30000. 10. In Thailand they make the elephants obey their masters by careful training. 11. The film was banned in many countries because of political issues.

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DEFINITIONS

a. To forbid especially officially 11 b. a mathematical statement in which you show that two amounts are equal using mathematical symbols 3 c. someone who works for a skilled person for a particular period of time in order to learn that person's skills 4 d. a very large mass of ice that floats in the sea 6 e. a person who has control over or responsibility for someone or something 10 f. a stage in a process 2 g. the activity of buying and selling between people or countries 5 h. the use of contraception (= method of preventing a woman becoming pregnant) to control how many children you have and when you have them 1 i. a chemical that combines two or more elements 8 j. a fixed amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee 7 k. an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law 9

VOCABULARY: UNITS 24, 25

Exercise 1: Match the words with their definitions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. neutral d acid f substance a solution e litmus c universal indicator b a. material with particular physical characteristics b. a chemical solution which produce many different colors c. a powder which is turned red by acid and blue by alkali d. if a chemical substance that is neither an acid nor an alkali e. a liquid into which a solid has been mixed and has dissolved f. any of various usually liquid substances which can react chemically with and sometimes dissolve other materials

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. You need to use dictionary because there are some medical terms that you may not know! tissues defense leukocytes spleen substances marrow invaders germs
The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade body systems and cause disease. The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. The cells involved are white blood cells, or leukocytes, which come in two basic types that combine to seek out and destroy disease-causing organisms or substances. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. For this reason, they're called the lymphoid organs. There are also clumps of lymphoid tissue throughout the body, primarily as lymph nodes, that house the leukocytes. The leukocytes circulate through the body between the organs and nodes via lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. In this way, the immune system works in a coordinated manner to monitor the body for germs or substances that might cause problems.

About the Immune System

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Now write the English definitions of the words above.

1. tissues (n)..a group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are similar to each other, have the same purpose and form the stated part of the animal or plant. 2. defense (n). protection or support against attack, criticism or infection. 3. leukocytes (n).a white blood cell. 4. spleen (n) .an organ near the stomach which produces and cleans the body's blood. 5. substances (n). material with particular physical characteristics. 6. marrow (n) .soft tissue containing a lot of fat in the centre of a bone. 7. invaders (n) the harmful organisms that attack the body. 8. germs (n) . a very small organism that causes disease

WEEK 15: UNIT 43: PHRASAL VERBS, UNIT 44: PHRASAL VERBS
Exercise 1: Read the meanings of the phrasal verbs below and then complete the paragraph with these verbs in the correct form.
get at someone: to criticize someone all the time and upset them. Youre always getting at me. ring (someone) up: to make a phone call. Ring me up when you get home. get to somewhere: to arrive at a place. When will you get to Madrid? take off: to leave the ground. The plane took off at seven. get by: to have enough money or food. She finds it hard to get by on her pension. put up with someone or something: to accept an unpleasant person or situation. I dont think I can put up with this job for much longer. get on (with): to have a friendly relationship. We dont get on. Really? I get on well with her. look forward to something: to be excited about something that will happen. Im looking forward to seeing you. check in: to go to the desk of a hotel or airport and say you have arrived. Opposite: check out Please check in two hours before your flight.

When Im abroad, I always look forward to getting back home. I start feeling homesick as soon as the plane takes off. When I get to a new place, the first thing I do after I have checked in at the hotel is to ring up my family and have a chat with them. Unfortunately, I have to travel a lot for business and I often go to the States. I get on with the Americans very well they are

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always very friendly. I speak good English too, so I can get by in the States without any problems. Im not very keen on American food, but I can put up with it. The problem is that Im a stay-at-home. My sister always gets at me she says Im boring and unadventurous. But, as the saying goes, home sweet home.

Exercise 2: Choose the best word(s) to be used instead of the italic phrasal verbs, or complete the sentences in a meaningful way.

1. At half past six, the alarm clock went off. A) exploded B) rang C) disappeared C) imitating his teacher 2. Jim is very good at taking off his teacher. A) flying with his teacher B) getting rid of his teacher A) postpone A) argue about B) mention it 3. Please don't put off your appointment with the doctor again! C) talk about it for hours on end C) explain 4. There is one small detail about the contract I would like to run through. B) make clean and tidy 5. Jean is really good at picking up languages. A) choosing languages B) learning languages by being in a country C) learning languages by heart 6. I can't put up with.. A) you if you should come to London. B) people who smoke all the time. C) the plates onto the top shelf. 7. Here people are only worried about keeping up with A) others who are faster. A) got on with A) my little son B) late-night television programmes. B) ran into C)let down C) my flat C) the problems 8. I was passing their house, so I .. Claire and Michael. 9. I have a date tomorrow night but I need someone to look after . B) the students outside

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Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verbs with the correct forms. There are two extra.
pick up turn off look up take after throw away look after stand for let down show off turn down give up get on well with

1. Don t forget to turn off all the lights downstairs before you go to bed. 2. Why did you throw away the papers yesterday? I didnt have a chance to read them. 3. My son doesnt get on well with his classmates. He wants to leave the school. 4. I should study harder and pass the exam in order not to let my parents down, thought Sebastian. 5. She picked the toys up after the kids left the kindergarten. 6. Her husband looks after the baby when she goes to work. 7. If you want to have further information about this word look it up in the dictionary. 8. He stands for every stupid joke his friends make about his glasses. 9. Students managed not to give up studying despite the sunny weather. 10. The music is too loud. Please turn it down Exercise 4: Replace the verbs crossed out in the phone conversation with the verbs

below in the correct form.

take off--- get back---- get on with---get to--- look forward to--- pick (somebody) up Tania: Hi, this is Tania. The plane left (1) took off a bit early and we arrived (2) got to the airport about twenty minutes ago. Olivia: Great! How is Mark? Tania: Well, we had to tolerate his bad temper on the plane. He said he couldnt wait to return (3) get back home! He behaves like his father when hes traveling, but he is looking more cheerful now. Olivia: Glad to hear it! Im sure once hes here hell have a good relationship with (4) get on with my kids. They are waiting hopefully (5) are looking forward to seeing him. Tania: Great. Anyway, when can you collect us (6) pick us up? Olivia: Ill be there in about twenty minutes. Ill leave you at the apartment and we can meet later, OK? Tania: Sounds great!

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Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences below using the appropriate phrasal verbs. The

prepositions to be used are given.

1. When he starts talking about his wifes beauty, Helen knows that Jack tries to say that he
wants to watch the football match on TV that night. (FOR) ..When he starts talking about his wifes beauty, Helen knows that Jack heads for the football match on TV that night.

2. I saw a hitch-hiker last night on my way to home and I take him to the highway. (OFF)
..... I saw a hitch-hiker last night on my way to home and I dropped him off at the highway. .

3. My colleague gave his opinions which are against the boss ideas in our meeting
yesterday and we all appreciated his courage. (OUT) . My colleague spoke out in our meeting yesterday and we all appreciated his courage.

4. We should do a final research to pass the class and give the results to the teacher. (OUT
IN). We should carry out a final research to pass the class and give in the results. .

5. That girl, Jane, always behaves to attract attention which is really annoying! (OFF)
That girl, Jane, always shows off which is really annoying! .

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VOCABULARY: UNIT 43, 44

Exercise 1: Complete the puzzle with the missing pieces of the phrasal verbs.
1 2 5 6 7 8 3 4

10

11 12 13

come

set put

run get

come up cut eat

run out blow care

make rid do

get along

talk back Across

1. I have to take care of my little brother. 3. If you come across a good dictionary. Buy it for me. 6. I don't want to cook. Let's eat out. 7. Let's set up the tent before it rains. 9. Don't talk back to me you rude boy. 11. If you run into Jack, tell him to call me. 12. Get up! It's morning. 13. There are many mistakes. Do it over.

Down
1. Can you come up with some solutions. 2. If we dont start spending less, we will run out of money soon. 3. I'm going to cut down on fatty foods. 4. He likes to make up stories. 5. I get along well with Sandy because she is so easygoing. 8. I was so happy the teacher put off the exam until next week? 10. The bomb will blow up in two minutes. 11. I need to get rid of some old furniture.

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Exercise 2: Match the phrasal verbs with their definitions. PHRASAL VERBS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

They're going to head for disaster if they're not careful. John takes after his mother's side of the family. Mary was only just getting over the flu when she got a stomach bug. I cant stand for his behaviors towards me; he is so annoying. The scientists looked into the possibility that two species of the fish could be actually from the same origin. 6. He keeps getting at me and I really don't know what I've done wrong. 7. Helen and Mac have broken up with each other, and because of that Helen is very upset. 8. I was really depressed, so I couldnt keep up with the school work. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. to follow 8 to resemble 2 to go towards 1 to examine 5 to criticize 6 to end a relationship to recover 3 to tolerate 4

DEFINITIONS

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REFERENCE FOR GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY EXERCISES

H. Q. Mitchell, S. Parker (2005), Live English Grammar Intermediate, MM Publications Marjoire Fuchs, Margaret Bonner (2004), Grammar Express Basic, Longman Rachel Spack Koch with Keith S. Folse (2006), Focus on Grammar (workbook), Pearson Longman Simon Clarke (2008), Macmillan English Grammar in Context Essential, Macmillan Simon Clarke (2008), Macmillan English Grammar in Context Intermediate, Macmillan Suat Grcan, Rdvan Grbz (2010), Advanced English Tests, rem Yaynclk YTU (2010-2011), Worksheet & Handout, YTU Printing House YTU (2006-2007), Worksheet & Handout, YTU Printing House http://www.edhelper.com/language/pronouns6408.html http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/past-perfect-simple/exercises http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_simple_past.htm http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs17.htm

www.bogglesworldesl.com http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

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