Quantitative Trading Strategies in R Part 1 of 3

Computational Finance and Risk Management
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Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

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Part 1 of 3
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Guy Yollin
Principal Consultant, r-programming.org Visiting Lecturer, University of Washington
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Guy Yollin (Copyright
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Outline
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The blotter package

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The quantstrat package

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Performance analytics
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Packages for trading system development in R

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PerformanceAnalytics: Econometric tools for performance and risk analysis
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Performance metrics and graphs
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quantstrat: quantitative strategy model framework blotter: tools for transaction-oriented trading systems development
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Quantitative trading rules and trading accouting
quantmod: quantitative financial modelling framework TTR: technical trading rules
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Data access, charting, indicators
xts: extensible time series
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zoo: ordered observations
Time series objects
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About blotter and quantstrat

mm 40 80 100 Transaction infrastructure for60 dening instruments, transactions, 120 portfolios and accounts for trading systems and simulation. Provides portfolio support for multi-asset class and multi-currency portfolios. Still in heavy development.
The software is in an alpha/beta stage

some things are not completely implemented (or documented) some things invariably have errors some implementations will change in the future 60
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Software has been in development for a number of years

blotter: Dec-2008 quantstrat: Feb-2010
Software is used everyday by working professions in asset management
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Lecture references
mm 40 60 100 TradeAnalytics project page on R-forge: 80 http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/blotter/ documents and demos for: 40
blotter package quantstrat package
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R-SIG-FINANCE: https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance
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Kent Russells Timely Portfolio blog: http://timelyportfolio.blogspot.com/

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Outline
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The blotter package

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The blotter package

mm 40 60 80 100 120 Description Transaction infrastructure for dening instruments, transactions, portfolios and accounts for trading systems and simulation. Provides portfolio support for multi-asset class and multi-currency portfolios.
Key features supports portfolios of multiple assets supports accounts of multiple portfolios supports P&L calculation and roll-up 60 Authors Peter Carl Brian Peterson 80
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Basic strategy backtesting workow for blotter

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Initialization
Bar-by-bar processing
Reporting
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Initialize currency and instruments, and load historic data Initialize portfolio and account Check prices and indicators to see if Buy or Sell triggered Update position and equity End of Data Generate performance reports and graphs
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Key blotter functions

mmFunction
initPortf initAcct
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40 getPosQty
addTxn updatePortf updateAcct updateEndEq
getEndEq
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chart.Posn PortfReturns getAccount getPortfolio getTxns tradeStats 80
60 80 100 Description Initialization initializes a portfolio object initializes an account object Processing retrieves the most recent value of the capital account gets position at Date add transactions to a portfolio calculate P&L for each symbol for each period calculate equity from portfolio data update ending equity for an account Analysis chart market data, position size, and cumulative P&L calculate portfolio instrument returns get an account object from the .blotter environment get a portfolio object from the .blotter environment retrieve transactions from a portfolio calculate trade statistics
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Loading the blotter package

R Code: mm
> library(blotter) > search() [1] [3] [5] [7] [9] [11] [13] [15] ".GlobalEnv" "package:FinancialInstrument" "package:TTR" 40 "package:xts" "package:stats" "package:grDevices" "package:datasets" "Autoloads" "package:blotter" "package:quantmod" "package:Defaults" "package:zoo" "package:graphics" "package:utils" "package:methods" "package:base"
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Loading blotter causes these other libraries to be loaded automatically FinancialInstrument quantmod TTR
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FinancialInstrument xts zoo
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The .blotter and .instrument environment

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The blotter package creates an environment named .blotter for private storage of portfolio and account objects Likewise, 40 FinancialInstrument package creates an environment the called .instrument for private storage of dened instruments (e.g. currency, stock, future, etc.)
R Code:
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".instrument"
> ls(all=T) [1] ".blotter"
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Initialization
Reporting
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Instrument class constructors

The FinancialInstrument package provides the facility to deal with varying types of instruments and dierent currencies mm 40 60 80 100 120
R Code: Instrument constructors
> args(currency) function (primary_id, currency = NULL, multiplier = 1, identifiers = NULL, ...) 40 NULL > args(stock) function (primary_id, currency = NULL, multiplier = 1, tick_size = 0.01, identifiers = NULL, ...) 60 NULL
Main arguments: primary id character string providing a unique ID for the instrument currency 80 string describing the currency ID multiplier numeric multiplier (multiplier price = notional values) tick size tick increment of the instrument price
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Initialize the currency instrument

R Code:
> currency("USD")
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[1] "USD" > get("USD",envir=.instrument) $primary_id [1] "USD" $currency [1] "USD" $multiplier [1] 1 $tick_size [1] 0.01 $identifiers NULL
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Initialize the trading instrument

R Code:
> stock("SPY",currency="USD",multiplier=1)
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[1] "SPY" > get("SPY",envir=.instrument) $primary_id [1] "SPY" $currency [1] "USD" $multiplier [1] 1 $tick_size [1] 0.01 $identifiers list()
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Fetch historic data

R Code: mm
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> getSymbols('SPY', from='1998-01-01', to='2011-07-31', adjust=T) > SPY=to.monthly(SPY, indexAt='endof') > SPY$SMA10m <- SMA(Cl(SPY), 10) > tail(SPY)
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SPY.Open 2011-02-28 128.2641 2011-03-31 132.3362 2011-04-29 132.7519 2011-05-31 136.3938 2011-06-3060 133.8464 2011-07-29 132.0900
SPY.High 133.4458 132.5031 135.8963 136.5033 134.2544 135.7000
SPY.Low SPY.Close SPY.Volume SPY.Adjusted SMA10m 128.1849 131.9201 2846131894 131.92 114.9287 124.1228 131.9359 4825610492 131.94 117.4512 128.8711 135.7570 2826839043 135.76 120.9079 130.7319 134.2345 3354154109 134.23 123.5213 125.6968 131.9700 4723424476 131.97 126.3944 127.9700 129.3300 3840839000 129.33 128.0790
Note conversion from daily data to monthly data using the last trading day of the month (xts functionality)
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The initPortf function

The initPortf function constructs and initializes a portfolio object, which is used to contain transactions, positions, and 80 aggregate level values. 120 mm 40 60 100
R Code: The initPortf function
> args(initPortf) function (name = "default", symbols, initPosQty = 0, initDate = "1950-01-01", 40 currency = "USD", ...) NULL
Main arguments: name symbols

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list of symbols to be included in the portfolio
initPosQty initial position quantity initDate 80 date for initial account equity and position (prior to the rst close price) currency currency identier
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The initAcct function

The initAcct function constructs the data container used to store calculated account values such as 60 aggregated P&L, equity,100 etc. mm 40 80
R Code: The initAcct function
> args(initAcct) function (name = "default", portfolios, initDate = "1950-01-01", 40 initEq = 0, currency = "USD", ...) NULL
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Main arguments: name initDate initEq currency

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portfolios vector of strings naming portfolios included in this account date for initial account equity and position (prior to the rst close price) initial account equity currency identier
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Initialize portfolio and account

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R Code:
> b.strategy <- "bFaber" > initPortf(b.strategy,'SPY', initDate='1997-12-31') 40 [1] "bFaber" > initAcct(b.strategy,portfolios=b.strategy, initDate='1997-12-31', initEq=1e6) [1] "bFaber"
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Note that initDate is prior to the start of the data
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The .blotter and .instrument environment

R Code: mm
> ls() [1] "SPY" > ls(.blotter) "b.strategy"
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40 [1] "account.bFaber"
> ls(.instrument) [1] "SPY" "USD"
"portfolio.bFaber"
60 various objects (including the historic price xts object) stored in the global environment
portfolio and account objects stored in .blotter environment currency and trading instrument objects stored in the .instrument 80 environment
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Initialization
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Plot monthly SPY and 10-month SMA

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R Code:
> > > > > > > theme<-chart_theme() 40 theme$col$up.col<-'lightgreen' theme$col$up.border<-'lightgreen' theme$col$dn.col<-'pink' theme$col$dn.border<-'pink' chart_Series(SPY,theme=theme,name="SPY") plot(add_SMA(n=10,col=4,lwd=2)) 60
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Monthly SPY and 10-month SMA

SPY
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Simple trend-following strategy

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Buy-Sell rules: buy when monthly price > 10-month SMA sell and move to cash when monthly price < 10-month SMA
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Notes: all entry and exit prices are on the day of the signal at the close
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commissions and slippage are excluded

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Apply trading logic

R Code:
> for( i in 1:nrow(SPY) ) { mm 40 60 80 100 CurrentDate <- time(SPY)[i] ClosePrice <- as.numeric(Cl(SPY[i,])) Posn <- getPosQty(b.strategy, Symbol='SPY', Date=CurrentDate) if( !is.na(as.numeric(SPY[i,'SMA10m'])) ) { if( Posn == 0 ) { # No position, test to go Long if( ClosePrice > as.numeric(SPY[i,'SMA10m']) ) { #40 enter long position addTxn(b.strategy, Symbol='SPY', TxnDate=CurrentDate, TxnPrice=ClosePrice, TxnQty = 1000 , TxnFees=0) } } else { # Have a position, so check exit if( ClosePrice < as.numeric(SPY[i,'SMA10m']) ) { # exit position 60 addTxn(b.strategy, Symbol='SPY', TxnDate=CurrentDate, TxnPrice=ClosePrice, TxnQty = -Posn , TxnFees=0) } } } # Calculate P&L and resulting equity with blotter updatePortf(b.strategy, Dates = CurrentDate) 80 updateAcct(b.strategy, Dates = CurrentDate) updateEndEq(b.strategy, Dates = CurrentDate) } # End dates loop
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The updatePortf function

The updatePortf function goes through each80 symbol and calculates the mm 40 60 100 120 PL for each period prices are available
R Code: The updatePortf function
> args(updatePortf)
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function (Portfolio, Symbols = NULL, Dates = NULL, Prices = NULL, ...) NULL
Main arguments: 60 Portfolio Symbols Dates portfolio object containing transactions character vector of symbols
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dates for calculation (these dates must appear in the price stream)
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The updateAcct function

mm 40 60 100 120 The updateAcct function performs the equity80 account calculations from the portfolio data and corresponding close prices
R Code: The updateAcct function
> args(updateAcct) 40 function (name = "default", Dates = NULL) NULL
Main arguments: 60 name name of account Dates dates for calculation requires that updatePortf has already been run
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The updateEndEq function

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The updateEndEq calculates End.Eq and Net.Performance

R Code: The updateEndEq function
> args(updateEndEq) function (Account, Dates = NULL) NULL
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Main arguments: Account 60 name of account Dates dates for calculation
requires that updateAcct has already been run

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Initialization
Reporting
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Performance plot
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R Code: 40
> source("chart_Posn.R") > chart_Posn(b.strategy, Symbol = 'SPY', Dates = '1998::') > plot(add_SMA(n=10,col=4, on=1, lwd=2))
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Performance plot
SPY
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CumPL 98314.97275 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 1998 Jan 1998 Jul 1998 Jan 1999 1999 Jul 1999 Jan 2000 2000 Jul 2000 Jan 2001 2001 Jul 2001 Jan 2002 2002 Jul 2002 Jan 2003 2003 Jul 2003 Jan 2004 2004 Jul 2004 Jan 2005 2005 Jul 2005 Jan 2006 2006 Jul 2006 Jan 2007 2007 Jul 2007 Jan 2008 2008 Jul 2008 Jan 2009 2009 Jul 2009 Jan 2010 2010 Jul 2010 2011 Jan 2011 Jul 2011
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Transactions
R Code: mm
Txn.Qty 1997-12-31 0 1998-10-30 1000 1999-09-3040 -1000 1999-10-29 1000 2000-09-29 -1000 2002-03-28 1000 2002-04-30 -1000 2003-04-30 1000 2004-08-3160 -1000 2004-09-30 1000 2007-12-31 -1000 2009-06-30 1000 2010-06-30 -1000 2010-07-30 1000 2010-08-3180 -1000 2010-09-30 1000
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> getTxns(Portfolio=b.strategy, Symbol="SPY") Txn.Price Txn.Fees Txn.Value Txn.Avg.Cost Net.Txn.Realized.PL 0.00000 0 0.00 0.00000 0.000 89.25095 0 89250.95 89.25095 0.000 105.61590 0 -105615.90 105.61590 16364.951 112.38352 0 112383.52 112.38352 0.000 118.98858 0 -118988.58 118.98858 6605.062 96.28988 0 96289.88 96.28988 0.000 90.69007 0 -90690.07 90.69007 -5599.813 78.59565 0 78595.65 78.59565 0.000 96.86532 0 -96865.32 96.86532 18269.669 97.83755 0 97837.55 97.83755 0.000 136.15069 0 -136150.69 136.15069 38313.139 88.81119 0 88811.19 88.81119 0.000 101.18979 0 -101189.79 101.18979 12378.598 108.10113 0 108101.13 108.10113 0.000 103.23868 0 -103238.68 103.23868 -4862.443 112.48419 0 112484.19 112.48419 0.000
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Outline
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The blotter package

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mm 40 60 80 100 120 Description Specify, build, and back-test quantitative nancial trading and portfolio strategies.
Key features supports strategies which include indicators, signals, and rules allows strategies to be applied to portfolios leverages the blotter package for trade accounting Authors
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Peter Carl Brian Peterson

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Basic strategy backtesting workow for quantstrat

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Initialization
Define strategy
Update
Reporting
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Initialize currency and instruments, and load historic data Initialize portfolio, account, orders, strategy Add indicators, signals, and rules Apply strategy to portfolio Update portfolio, account, equity Generate performance reports and graphs
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Key quantstrat functions

mm Function 40
initOrders strategy
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add.rule
add.indicator
sigComparison sigCrossover 60 sigFormula sigPeak sigThreshold ruleSignal osNoOp
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60 80 100 Description Initialization initialize order container constructor for strategy object Strategy denition add an indicator to a strategy add a signal to a strategy add a rule to a strategy Default functions generate comparison signal generate a crossover signal generate a signal from a formula signal function for peak/valley signals generate a threshold signal default rule to generate a trade order on a signal default order sizing function Processing apply the strategy to arbitrary market data
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Initialize portfolio and account

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R Code:
> # inz portfolio, account, and orders > qs.strategy <- "qsFaber" 40 > initPortf(qs.strategy,'SPY', initDate='1997-12-31') [1] "qsFaber" > initAcct(qs.strategy,portfolios=qs.strategy, initDate='1997-12-31', initEq=1e6) [1] "qsFaber"
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Identical code used earlier

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Initialize orders and strategy

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R Code:
> > > > > # initialize orders container 40 library(quantstrat) initOrders(portfolio=qs.strategy,initDate='1997-12-31') # instantiate a new strategy object strat<- strategy(qs.strategy)
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The quantstrat strategy object

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R Code:
> class(strat) [1] "strategy" > summary(strat) 40 Length name 1 assets 0 indicators 0 signals 600 rules 1 constraints 0 init 0 wrapup 0 call 2 Class -none-none-none-none-none-none-none-none-noneMode character NULL list list list NULL list list call
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Initialization
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The add.indicator function

Indicators are typically standard technical or statistical analysis mm 60 100 120 outputs, such as 40 moving averages, bands,80 pricing models or Indicators are applied before signals and rules, and the output of indicators may be used as inputs to construct signals or re rules
40 R Code: The add.indicator function
> args(add.indicator) function (strategy, name, arguments, parameters = NULL, label = NULL, ..., enabled = TRUE, indexnum = NULL, store = FALSE) NULL
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Main arguments: strategy strategy object name name of the indicator (must be an R function) 80 arguments arguments to be passed to the indicator function label name to reference the indicator
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Adding an indicator to a strategy

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add a 10-month simple moving average

R Code:
> strat <- add.indicator(strategy = strat, name = "SMA", arguments = list(x = quote(Cl(mktdata)), n=10), label="SMA10") 40 > summary(strat) Length name 1 assets 0 indicators 1 60 signals 0 rules 1 constraints 0 init 0 wrapup 0 call 2 Class -none-none-none-none-none-none-none-none-noneMode character NULL list list list NULL list list call
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The add.signals function

quantstrat supports the following signal types: sigCrossover crossover signal (gt, lt, eq, gte, 100 lte ) mm 40 60 80 sigComparison comparison signal (gt, lt, eq, gte ) , lte sigThreshold threshold signal (gt, lt, eq, gte, ) lte sigPeak peak/valley signals (peak, bottom) 40 sigFormula signal calculated from a formula
R Code: The add.signals function
> args(add.signal) function (strategy, name, arguments, parameters = NULL, label = NULL, 60 ..., enabled = TRUE, indexnum = NULL, store = FALSE) NULL
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Main arguments: strategy 80 strategy object name name of the signal (one of the 5 supported signals) arguments arguments to be passed to the indicator function
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Adding signals to a strategy

add signal for crossing above SMA 40 addmm signal for crossing below 60 SMA
R Code:
> strat <- add.signal(strat,name="sigCrossover", arguments = list(columns=c("Close","SMA10"),relationship="gt"), label="Cl.gt.SMA") 40 > strat <- add.signal(strat,name="sigCrossover", arguments = list(columns=c("Close","SMA10"),relationship="lt"), label="Cl.lt.SMA") > summary(strat) Length 601 name assets 0 indicators 1 signals 2 rules 1 constraints 0 800 init wrapup 0 call 2
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Class -none-none-none-none-none-none-none-none-none2011)
Mode character NULL list list list NULL list list call
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The add.rules function

The function add.rule adds a rule to a strategy mm 40 60 80
R Code: The add.rule function
> args(add.rule) function (strategy, name, arguments, parameters = NULL, label = NULL, type =40 c(NULL, "risk", "order", "rebalance", "exit", "enter"), ..., enabled = TRUE, indexnum = NULL, path.dep = TRUE, timespan = NULL, store = FALSE) NULL
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Main arguments: 60 strategy name arguments type

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strategy object name of the rule (typically ruleSignal) arguments to be passed to the rule function type of rule (risk,order,rebalance,exit enter , )
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The ruleSignal function

ruleSignal is the default rule to generate a trade order on a signal
R Code: The ruleSignal function
> args(ruleSignal) function (data = mktdata, timestamp, sigcol, sigval, orderqty = 0, ordertype, orderside = NULL, threshold = NULL, tmult = FALSE, replace = TRUE, delay = 1e-04, osFUN = "osNoOp", pricemethod = c("market", 40 "opside", "maker"), portfolio, symbol, ..., ruletype, TxnFees = 0, prefer = NULL, sethold = FALSE) NULL
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Main arguments: 60 data an xts object containing market data (defaults to mktdata) sigcol column name to check for signal sigval signal value to match orderqty quantity for order or all, modied by osFUN ordertype80 market limit,stoplimit,stoptrailing,iceberg , orderside long , short or NULL , osFUN function or name of order sizing function (default is osNoOp)
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Add rules to a strategy

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add rule to enter when Cl.gt.SMA is true add rule to exit when Cl.lt.SMA is true
R Code: 40
> # go long when close > MA > strat <- add.rule(strat, name='ruleSignal', arguments = list(sigcol="Cl.gt.SMA", sigval=TRUE, orderqty=1000, ordertype='market', orderside='long', pricemethod='market'), type='enter', path.dep=TRUE) > # exit60 when close < MA > strat <- add.rule(strat, name='ruleSignal', arguments = list(sigcol="Cl.lt.SMA", sigval=TRUE, orderqty='all', ordertype='market', orderside='long', pricemethod='market'), type='exit', path.dep=TRUE)
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The completed strategy object

The strategy object now contains a complete set of quantitative trading rules ready to be applied to a portfolio of assets. mm 40 60 80 100 120
R Code:
> summary(strat) Length 401 name assets 0 indicators 1 signals 2 rules 3 constraints 0 600 init wrapup 0 call 2 Class -none-none-none-none-none-none-none-none-noneMode character NULL list list list NULL list list call
The strategy object contains: 1 user dened indicator 80 2 user dened signals 2 user dened trading rules
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Initialization
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The applyStrategy function

mm 60 80 100 120 The applyStrategy 40 function applies the strategy to arbitrary market data
R Code: The applyStrategy function
> args(applyStrategy) function (strategy, portfolios, mktdata = NULL, parameters = NULL, 40 ..., verbose = TRUE) NULL
Main arguments: strategy 60 an object of type strategy portfolios parameters

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a list of portfolios to apply the strategy to named list of parameters to be applied during evaluation of the strategy
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Apply the strategy

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R Code:
> out <- applyStrategy(strategy=strat , portfolios=qs.strategy) > names(out)
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40 [1] "qsFaber"
> names(out$qsFaber) [1] "SPY" > names(out$qsFaber$SPY)
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[1] "indicators" "signals"
"rules"
> class(out$qsFaber$SPY$indicators) [1] "xts" "zoo"
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The mktdata object

mktdata is a special variable constructed during the execution of mm applyStrategy. It is40 time series object which contains 100 historic price a the 60 80 120 data as well as the calculated indicators, signals, and rules:
R Code:
> tail(mktdata[,-(1:5)],12)
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2010-08-31 2010-09-30 2010-10-29 2010-11-30 2010-12-31 2011-01-31 2011-02-28 2011-03-31 2011-04-29 2011-05-31 2011-06-30 2011-07-29
SPY.Adjusted 103.24 112.48 116.78 116.78 124.59 127.49 131.92 131.94 135.76 134.23 131.97 129.33
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SMA10m 107.7569 108.3360 109.1411 110.3413 111.9953 113.3289 114.9287 117.4512 120.9079 123.5213 126.3944 128.0790
SMA10 Cl.gt.SMA Cl.lt.SMA 107.7569 NA 1 108.3360 1 NA 109.1411 NA NA 110.3413 NA NA 111.9953 NA NA 113.3289 NA NA 114.9287 NA NA 117.4512 NA NA 120.9079 NA NA 123.5213 NA NA 126.3944 NA NA 128.0790 NA NA
80 Inspecting mktdata can be very helpful in understanding strategy processing and debugging
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Initialization
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Update
Reporting
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update P&L
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updates an entire date range at once functions must be called in order

R Code:
40
> updatePortf(Portfolio=qs.strategy,Dates=paste('::',as.Date(Sys.time()),sep='')) [1] "qsFaber" > updateAcct(name=qs.strategy,Dates=index(SPY))
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[1] "qsFaber" > dummy <- sapply(X=index(SPY),FUN=updateEndEq,Account=qs.strategy)
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Initialization
Define strategy
Update
Reporting
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Plot performance
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R Code: 40
> chart_Posn(qs.strategy, Symbol = 'SPY', Dates = '1998::') > plot(add_SMA(n=10,col=4, on=1, lwd=2))
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Faber/quanstrat system performance

SPY
140
19980130 / 20110729
mm
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130 120 115
140
130
120
110
110 105
100
100
90
40
95 90 85
80
80 75
70
70
1000 800 600 400 200 0 1e+05
Positionfill 1000
q q
1000 800 600 400 200
60
q q q q q q
0 1e+05 8e+04 6e+04 4e+04
CumPL 81950.02164 8e+04 6e+04 4e+04 2e+04 0e+00 1998 Jan 1998 Jul 1998 Jan 1999 1999 Jul 1999 Jan 2000 2000 Jul 2000 Jan 2001 2001 Jul 2001 Jan 2002 2002 Jul 2002 Jan 2003 2003 Jul 2003 Jan 2004 2004 Jul 2004 Jan 2005 2005 Jul 2005 Jan 2006 2006 Jul 2006 Jan 2007 2007 Jul 2007 Jan 2008 2008 Jul 2008 Jan 2009 2009 Jul 2009 Jan 2010 2010 Jul 2010 2011 Jan 2011 Jul 2011
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Transactions
R Code:
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> getTxns(Portfolio=qs.strategy, Symbol="SPY") Txn.Qty 1997-12-31 0 1999-10-29 1000 40 2000-09-29 -1000 2002-03-28 1000 2002-04-30 -1000 2003-04-30 1000 2004-08-31 -1000 2004-09-3060 1000 2007-12-31 -1000 2009-06-30 1000 2010-06-30 -1000 2010-07-30 1000 2010-08-31 -1000 2010-09-3080 1000 Txn.Price Txn.Fees Txn.Value Txn.Avg.Cost Net.Txn.Realized.PL 0.00000 0 0.00 0.00000 0.000 112.38352 0 112383.52 112.38352 0.000 118.98858 0 -118988.58 118.98858 6605.062 96.28988 0 96289.88 96.28988 0.000 90.69007 0 -90690.07 90.69007 -5599.813 78.59565 0 78595.65 78.59565 0.000 96.86532 0 -96865.32 96.86532 18269.669 97.83755 0 97837.55 97.83755 0.000 136.15069 0 -136150.69 136.15069 38313.139 88.81119 0 88811.19 88.81119 0.000 101.18979 0 -101189.79 101.18979 12378.598 108.10113 0 108101.13 108.10113 0.000 103.23868 0 -103238.68 103.23868 -4862.443 112.48419 0 112484.19 112.48419 0.000
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Outline
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The blotter package

40

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The blotter portfolio object

R Code: mm
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> thePortfolio = getPortfolio(b.strategy) > names(thePortfolio) [1] "symbols" "summary" > names(thePortfolio$symbols)
40
[1] "SPY" > names(thePortfolio$symbols$SPY) [1] "txn" "posPL" "posPL.USD"
60 > names(thePortfolio$summary)
[1] "Long.Value" [5] "Realized.PL" [9] "Net.Trading.PL" "Short.Value" "Unrealized.PL" "Net.Value" "Gross.Value" "Gross.Trading.PL" "Txn.Fees"
> library(lattice) 80 > plot(xyplot(thePortfolio$summary,xlab="",type="h",col=4))
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Plot of portfolio summary time series object

2000 0.4 0.0 0.4 100000 2005 2010
mm
Long.Value 40
60
80
Short.Value 100
120
Net.Value
100000
Gross.Value
40
Realized.PL
100000
Unrealized.PL
0
0 20000
10000 0 10000 10000 0 10000
Gross.Trading.PL
0.4 0.0 0.440000
Txn.Fees
60
Net.Trading.PL
80
2000 2005 2010
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The blotter account object

R Code: mm
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> theAccount = getAccount(b.strategy) > names(theAccount) [1] "portfolios" "summary" > names(theAccount$portfolios) 40 [1] "bFaber" > names(theAccount$portfolios$bFaber) [1] "Long.Value" [5] "Realized.PL" 60 [9] "Net.Trading.PL" "Short.Value" "Unrealized.PL" "Net.Value" "Gross.Value" "Gross.Trading.PL" "Txn.Fees"
> names(theAccount$summary) [1] "Additions" [5] "Int.Income" [9] "Advisory.Fees" 80 "Withdrawals" "Realized.PL" "Gross.Trading.PL" "Txn.Fees" "Net.Performance" "End.Eq" "Unrealized.PL" "Net.Trading.PL"
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Trade statistics
mm
R Code:
> (tstats <- tradeStats(Portfolio=b.strategy, Symbol="SPY")) SPY SPY SPY SPY SPY SPY Portfolio Symbol Num.Trades Net.Trading.PL Avg.Trade.PL Med.Trade.PL bFaber SPY 16 98314.97 11638.45 12378.6 40 Largest.Winner Largest.Loser Gross.Profits Gross.Losses Std.Dev.Trade.PL 38313.14 -5599.813 91931.42 -10462.26 15128.19 Percent.Positive Percent.Negative Profit.Factor Avg.Win.Trade Med.Win.Trade 71.42857 28.57143 8.786959 18386.28 16364.95 Avg.Losing.Trade Med.Losing.Trade Avg.Daily.PL Med.Daily.PL Std.Dev.Daily.PL -5231.128 -5231.128 13578.19 15324.13 16919.37 60 maxDrawdown Net.Trading.PL.1 Avg.WinLoss.Ratio Med.WinLoss.Ratio Max.Equity -19594.29 5.017532 3.514784 3.128379 104741.9 Min.Equity Net.Trading.PL.2 0 98314.97
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The PerformanceAnalytics package

mm 40 60 80 100 120 Description The PerformanceAnalytics package is a collection of econometric functions for performance and risk analysis
Key features extensive collection of performance charts extensive collection of performance metrics and ratios extensive collection of risk metrics
60 support for building tables of metrics 40
Authors Peter Carl

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Plot cumulative return and drawdown

R Code: mm cumulative return and drawdown Plot 40 60
> library(PerformanceAnalytics) > rets <- PortfReturns(Account=b.strategy) > tail(rets,12) SPY 2010-08-3140 -4.862443e-03 2010-09-30 0.000000e+00 2010-10-29 4.297123e-03 2010-11-30 0.000000e+00 2010-12-31 7.807092e-03 2011-01-31 2.902940e-03 2011-02-28604.428709e-03 2011-03-31 1.584192e-05 2011-04-29 3.821053e-03 2011-05-31 -1.522454e-03 2011-06-30 -2.264505e-03 2011-07-29 -2.640000e-03 > charts.PerformanceSummary(rets,colorset = bluefocus)
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Cumulative return and drawdown

SPY Performance
0.10
mm
40
60
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100
120
Cumulative Return
0.04
0.06
0.08
40
Monthly Return
0.000 0.005 0.010
0.00
0.02
60
0.000 0.010
Drawdown
0.010
0.020
80
Dec 97 Jul 98 Jul 99 Jul 00 Jul 01 Jul 02 Jul 03 Jul 04 Jul 05 Jul 06 Jul 07 Jul 08 Jul 09 Jul 10 Jul 11
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Compute return statistics

mm 40 60 80 100 120
R Code:
> PA1.tab <- table.Arbitrary(rets,metrics=c("Return.cumulative", "Return.annualized", "SharpeRatio.annualized", "CalmarRatio"), 40 metricsNames=c("Cumulative Return", "Annualized Return", "Annualized Sharpe Ratio", "Calmar Ratio")) > PA2.tab <- table.Arbitrary(rets, metrics=c("StdDev.annualized", "maxDrawdown", "VaR", "ES"), metricsNames=c("Annualized StdDev", "Max DrawDown", "Value-at-Risk", "Conditional VaR")) > tab1 <- 60 data.frame(rownames(PA1.tab),PA1.tab[,1],rownames(PA2.tab),PA2.tab[,1])
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Return statistics
mm 40 60 80 100 120
Cumulative Return 40 Annualized Return Annualized Sharpe Ratio Calmar Ratio

60
0.103 0.007 0.711 0.368
Annualized StdDev Max DrawDown Value-at-Risk Conditional VaR
0.010 0.019 -0.004 -0.005
Table: Faber System Return Statistics
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Compute trade statistics

mm
R Code:
> res.tab1 <- cbind(c("Trades","Win Percent","Loss Percent","W/L Ratio"), c((tstats[,"Num.Trades"]-1)/2,tstats[,c("Percent.Positive", "Percent.Negative")], 40 tstats[,"Percent.Positive"]/tstats[,"Percent.Negative"])) > res.tab2 <- cbind(c("Net Profit","Gross Profits","Gross Losses", "Profit Factor"), c(tstats[,c("Net.Trading.PL","Gross.Profits", "Gross.Losses","Profit.Factor")])) > res.tab3 <- cbind(c("Avg Trade","Avg Win","Avg Loss","Avg W/L Ratio"), c(tstats[,c("Avg.Trade.PL","Avg.Win.Trade","Avg.Losing.Trade", 60 "Avg.WinLoss.Ratio")])) > tab2 <- data.frame(res.tab1,res.tab2,res.tab3)
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Trade statistics
mm 40 60 80 100 120
Trades 40 Win Percent Loss Percent W/L Ratio 60
7.50 71.43 28.57 2.50
Net Prot Gross Prots Gross Losses Prot Factor
98314.97 91931.42 -10462.26 8.79
Avg Trade Avg Win Avg Loss Avg W/L Ratio
11638.45 18386.28 -5231.13 3.51
Table: Faber System Trade Statistics
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Quantitative Trading Strategies in R Part 1 of 3

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Computational Finance and Risk Management

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

The blotter package

The quantstrat package

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Packages for trading system development in R

Performance metrics and graphs

quantmod: quantitative financial modelling framework TTR: technical trading rules

Data access, charting, indicators

xts: extensible time series

zoo: ordered observations

Time series objects

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

About blotter and quantstrat

The software is in an alpha/beta stage

Software has been in development for a number of years

Software is used everyday by working professions in asset management

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Kent Russells Timely Portfolio blog: http://timelyportfolio.blogspot.com/

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

The blotter package

The quantstrat package

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

The blotter package

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Basic strategy backtesting workow for blotter

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Key blotter functions

chart.Posn PortfReturns getAccount getPortfolio getTxns tradeStats 80

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Loading the blotter package

FinancialInstrument xts zoo

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

The .blotter and .instrument environment

> ls(all=T) [1] ".blotter"

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Basic strategy backtesting workow for blotter

Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Instrument class constructors

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Initialize the currency instrument

$type [1] "currency" attr(,"class") Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R

Initialize the trading instrument

$type [1] "stock" attr(,"class") Guy Yollin (Copyright

Quantitative Trading Strategies in R