LATHE CHUCKS.-The Lathe Chuck Is A Devicefor Holding Lathe Work. It Is Mounted

LATHE CHUCKS.The lathe chuck is a devicefor holding lathe work. It is mounted on the nose ofthe spindle.
The work is held by jaws which can bemoved in radial slots toward the center of the chuckto clamp down on the sides of the work. These jawsare moved in and out by screws turned by a specialchuck wrench.The four-jaw independent lathe chuck, view A infigure 9-8, is the most practical chuck for general workThe four jaws are adjusted one at a time, making itpossible to hold work of various shapes and to adjust thecenter of the work to coincide with the axis of thespindle. The jaws are reversible.The threejaw universal or scroll chuck, view B infigure 9-8, can be used only for holding round orhexagonal work All three jaws move in and out togetherin one operation and bring the work on centerautomatically. This chuck is easier to operate than thefour-jaw type, but, when its parts become worn, itsaccuracy in centering cannot be relied upon. Properlubrication and constant care are necessary to ensurereliability.The draw-in collet chuck is used to hold smallwork for machining in the lathe. It is the mostaccurate type of chuck made and is intended forprecision work. Figure 9-9 shows the partsassembled in place in the lathe spindle. The collet,which holds the work, is a split-cylinder with anoutside taper that fits into the tapered closingsleeve and screws into the threaded end of thehollow drawbar. As the handwheel is turnedclockwise, the drawbar is moved toward thehandwheel. This tightening up on the drawbar pullsthe collet back into the tapered sleeve, therebyclosing it firmly over the work and centering thework accurately and quickly. The size of the holein the collet determines the diameter of the workthe chuck can handle. FaceplatesThe faceplate is used for holding work that,because of its shape and dimensions, cannot be swungbetween centers or in a chuck. The T-slots and otheropenings on its surface provide convenient anchorsfor bolts and clamps used in securing the work to it.The faceplate is mounted on the nose of the spindle.(See fig. 9-10.)The driving plate is similar to a small faceplateand is used mainly for driving work that is heldbetween centers. The primary difference between afaceplate and a driving plate is that a faceplate has amachined face for precision mounting, while the faceof a driving plate is left rough.
When a driving plateis used, the bent tail of a dog clamped to the work isinserted into a slot in the faceplate. This transmitsrotary motion to the work.
Lathe CentersThe 60-degree lathe centers shown in figure 9-11provide a way to
hold the work so it can be turnedaccurately on its axis. The headstock spindle center iscalled the LIVE CENTER because it revolves with thework. The tailstock center is called the DEADCENTER because it does not turn. Both live and deadcenters have shanks turned to a Morse taper to fit thetapered holes in the spindles; both have points finishedto an angle of 60. They differ only in that the deadcenter is hardened and tempered to resist the wearingeffect of the work revolving on it. The live centerrevolves with the work and is usually left soft. The deadcenter and live center must NEVER be interchanged.(There is a groove around the hardened dead center todistinguish it from the live center.)The centers fit snugly in the tapered holes of theheadstock and tailstock spindles. If chips, dirt, or burrsprevent a perfect fit in the spindles, the centers will notrun true.To remove the headstock center, insert a brass rodthrough the spindle hole and tap the center to jar it loose;then pull it out with your hand. To remove the tailstockcenter, run the spindle back as far as it will go by turningthe handwheel to the left. When the end of the tailstockscrew bumps the back of the center, it will force thecenter out of the tapered hole. Lathe DogsLathe dogs are used with a driving plate or faceplateto drive work being machined on centers; the frictionalcontact alone between the live center and the work is notsufficient to drive the workThe common lathe dog, shown at the left in figure9-12, is used for round work or work having a regularsection (square, hexagon, octagon). The piece to beturned is held firmly in the hole (A) by the setscrew (B).The bent tail (C) projects through a slot or hole in thedriving plate or faceplate so that when the tail revolveswith the spindle it turns the work with it. The clamp dog,illustrated at the right in figure 9-12, may be used forrectangular or irregularly shaped work. Such work isclamped between the jaws.Center RestThe center rest, also called the steady rest, is usedfor the following purposes:1. To provide an intermediate support for longslender bars or shafts being machined between centers.The center rest prevents them from springing, orsagging, as a result of their otherwise unsupportedweighthe jaws.

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LATHE CHUCKS.The lathe chuck is a devicefor holding lathe work. It is mounted on the nose ofthe spindle.

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