6BI01 01 Que 20120514
6BI01 01 Que 20120514
6BI01 01 Que 20120514
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Edexcel GCE
Biology
Advanced Subsidiary
Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health
Monday 14 May 2012 Morning
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
You must have:
Ruler
Paper Reference
6BI01/01
Total Marks
Instructions
Information
you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Candidates may use a calculator.
Advice
P39509A
2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
1/1/1/1/C1
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tRNA
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(b) Explain why a diet consisting of a high proportion of carbohydrates could lead to
obesity.
(2)
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3 Many animals, such as mammals, have a heart and circulation. This helps them to
meet their requirements by overcoming the limitations of diffusion.
*(a) Describe the structure of the mammalian heart.
(5)
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(b) Giraffes are very tall mammals found roaming the plains of Africa.
Two giraffes are shown in the photograph below.
Using the information in the photograph and your own knowledge, explain the
importance of the heart and circulation to the giraffe.
(4)
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4 Enzymes are biological catalysts. They are involved in many chemical reactions in the
body, including the digestion of lipids.
(a) The graph below shows the effect of an enzyme on the initial rate of reaction at
different concentrations of the substrate.
100
Enzyme
present
80
60
40
20
0
0
No enzyme
present
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Substrate concentration / mg cm
Describe the effects that the enzyme had on this reaction.
(2)
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(b) Lipases are enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of lipids, such as
triglycerides.
(i)
(ii) Name two products formed from the breakdown of triglycerides by lipases.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest what effect the breakdown of triglycerides could have on the pH of a
reaction mixture.
(1)
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*(c) The action of lipase can be investigated using a triglyceride as the substrate.
Describe an experiment, using lipase and a triglyceride, that could be carried out
to collect data to plot a graph similar to the one shown in part (a).
(5)
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10
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5 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for many deaths. One cause of CVD is
atherosclerosis.
The photograph below shows a section through an artery with a plaque (atheroma)
from a patient with CVD.
X
Lumen
Plaque
Y
(a) Calculate the increase in the thickness of the artery wall where the plaque is
located. Take your measurements along the line labelled X and Y.
Show your working.
(3)
Answer ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The plaque often increases in size and can block the artery. If the artery supplying
blood to the heart becomes blocked, blood no longer flows to the heart muscle
cells. Shortly after the loss of blood flow, heart muscle cells stop contracting and
start to die.
In the heart muscle cells, energy (ATP) is made available from respiration.
The graph below shows how the energy (ATP) available to heart muscle cells
changes with time, after the loss of blood flow.
100
80
60
40
20
20
40
60
Time after loss of blood flow / mins
(i)
0
0
80
Using the information in the graph, describe how the energy (ATP) available
to the heart muscle cells changes with time after the loss of blood flow.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest why there are changes to the available energy (ATP) in the heart
muscle cells following the loss of blood flow.
(2)
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(iii) About 8 minutes after the loss of blood flow, the heart muscle cells no longer
contract. After about 20 minutes, the heart muscle cells begin to die.
Using the information in the graph and your own knowledge, suggest
explanations for the timings of these two events.
(3)
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(iv) If blood flow is restored within 30 minutes, most heart muscle cells will
eventually recover. Suggest an explanation for this recovery.
(2)
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6 Caffeine is a drug frequently consumed in a number of drinks such as coffee, cola, hot
chocolate and tea.
Caffeine is broken down in the liver by a group of enzymes called cytochrome P450
oxidase.
(a) The diagram below shows the structure of caffeine and its three breakdown
products, X, Y and Z.
CH3
N
N
CH3
CH3
O
Caffeine
H
N
N
O
X
(i)
N
CH3
CH3
N
CH3
O
NH
N
CH3
CH3
N
H
CH3
Using the information in the diagram, give two reasons why caffeine is not an
amino acid.
(2)
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(ii) Using the information in the diagram, state two differences between the
breakdown products.
(2)
1 . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... ............................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Using the information in the diagram and your own knowledge of enzyme
action, suggest why cytochrome P450 oxidase consists of more than one type
of enzyme.
(3)
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Volume of drink
Caffeine content / mg
coffee
200 cm3
135
cola
1 can
80
hot chocolate
200 cm3
10
tea
1 cup
50
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7 A large number of doctors routinely prescribe drugs to treat patients who are over 80
and have high blood pressure.
(a) (i)
Give the name of the type of drug that is used to treat high blood pressure.
(1)
(ii) Explain why many patients, who are over 80 and have high blood pressure,
are routinely prescribed with these drugs.
(2)
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(b) A study was carried out to investigate the benefit of treating patients who are over
80 and have high blood pressure.
Patients were randomly put into one of two groups, A and B. Each group
contained 2000 patients.
Patients in group A were given two tablets each containing a different drug.
Patients in group B were given two tablets neither of which contained a drug.
The systolic and the diastolic pressure of each patient was measured. The systolic
pressure is the maximum pressure when the heart contracts and the diastolic
pressure is the minimum pressure when the heart relaxes.
The blood pressure of all patients was recorded over a period of five years.
The mean pressures were then calculated.
The graph below shows the results of this study.
24
22
20
Systolic blood
pressure
18
16
14
12
Diastolic blood
pressure
10
8
Group B
Group A
6
4
2
20
Start of
treatment
2
3
4
Duration of study / years
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(i)
Explain why the patients in group B were given two tablets that had no drugs
in them.
(2)
(ii) Using the information in the graph, describe the results of this study.
(3)
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(iii) Suggest why both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded in
this study.
(1)
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(iv) Suggest what else could have been recorded in this study to provide more
evidence of other benefits of treating these patients with the drugs.
(1)
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Mutation
(2)
(ii) Recessive
(1)
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(b) Suggest how a mutation in the GALC gene could result in a change in the enzyme
galactocerebrosidase.
(3)
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(c) Two parents are both carriers of the recessive allele for Krabbe disease.
In the space below, draw a genetic diagram to show the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of their children.
Use the genetic diagram to find the probability of these parents having a child
with Krabbe disease.
(5)
Probability ............................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) State how these parents could determine whether or not their unborn child has
Krabbe disease.
(1)
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