In order to produce a study of any thematic consistency and manageable size, I have almost certainly done

great injustice to many genres of Islamicate intellectual, literary or religious history

He wears
years well
to back out

his

to drive a vehicle out of a parking space ( S ); to withdraw support, to fail to fulfill a promise or
obligation The parking lot attendant had to back another car out before he could get to mine. We
were all ready to sign the contracts when one of the parties to the agreement backed out.
to catch on
to become popular or widespread; to understand, to appreciate a joke This idiom is often used
with the preposition to for the second definition. Fashions of the past often catch on again among
young people. When the teacher speaks quickly like that, can you catch on easily? His joke was
very funny at the time, but when I told it to others later, nobody seemed to catch on. I had to tell
the joke again before anyone could catch on to it.
to clear up
to make understandable (also: to straighten out ) ( S ); to become sunny The teacher tried to clear
up our confusion about the meaning of the difficult paragraph in the reading. It's rather cloudy
this morning. Do you think that it will clear up later?
to take in
to visit in order to enjoy ( S ); to decrease the size of clothes ( S ); to deceive, to fool ( S ) We
decided to take in Toronto on our trip to Canada, and that is where we took in the most
memorable outdoor stage play we have ever seen. Lois lost so much weight that she had her
skirts and slacks taken in by her tailor. The fraudulent investment advisor took everyone in with
his sincere manner and generous promises. Most investors lost all their money.
to go through
to undergo, to experience; to consume, to use (also: to use up)
The first defmition is used when someone is having some hardship or difficulty.
I cant believe what she went through to get that job. She had four interviews with the hiring
committee in one week!
Frank said that they had gone through all the toilet paper in the house, but Steve couldnt
believe that they had used it all up.
to
go
without to be known without the need to mention
saying
This idiom occurs with a that-clause, often with the pronoun it as the subject.
It goes without saying that you shouldnt drive quickly in bad weather.
That he will gain weight if he continues to eat and drink so much goes without saying.
to get the better of
to win or defeat by gaining an advantage over someone
Jim doesnt seem very athletic at tennis, but if youre not careful, hell get the better ofyou.
Lynn gets frustrated when Bruce gets the better of her in arguments. No matter what she says,
he always has a clever response.
to cut short:
to make shorter, to interrupt (S)
The moderator asked the speaker to cut short his talk because there wasnt much time
remaining for questions from the audience.
We were very unfortunate when we received bad news from home that forced us to cut our trip
short.
to lose ones touch
: to fail at what one used to do well
Milton used to be the best salesman at the car dealership, but recently he seems to have lost his
touch.
I used to play tennis very well, but today you beat me easily. I must be losing my touch.
to
kick : to discuss informally (over a period of time) ( S ) (also: to toss around ) At first my friends were
(
something
) reluctant to consider my suggestion, but they finally were willing to kick it around for a while.
around
Herb thought that we should kick around the idea of establishing a special fund for supporting
needy members of the club.
be on the ball:
be attentive, competent, alert
Jim was the only one who caught that serious error in the bookkeeping statements. Hes really
on the ball.
Ella was certainly on the ball when she remembered to reconfirm our flight arrangements. All
the rest of us would have forgotten.
to be looking up
to appear promising or optimistic, to be improving This idiom is used in a continuous tense, very
often with the subject things. The board chairman is glad to report that things are looking up for
the company after several years of declining sales. Prospects for building that new library in the
downtown area are looking up.
to drop off
i to fall asleep; to take to a certain location (S); to decrease (for the third definition, also: to fall
oft)
My mother dropped off during the boring television show; her head was nodding up and down.
I dont mind dropping you off at the store on my way to work.

 Business has been dropping off rapidly recently, but fortunately it hasnt been falling off as
quickly as for our competitors.
to
go
through to send a request through the normal way
channels:
This idiom can be used with the adjective proper.
If you go through proper channels in this company, its sometimes impossible to get anything
done quickly.
The police told the important civic leader that even she had to go through channels in reporting
the burglary of her house.
it figures:
it seems likely, reasonable, or typical This idiom is either followed by a that-clause or by no
other part of grammar. It figures that the children were willing to help with the yardwork only if
they received a reward for doing so. When I told Evan that his secretary was unhappy about not
getting a raise, he said that it figured.
to fill (someone) in
to inform, to give background information to (also: to clue in) (S)
This idiom is often followed by the preposition on and a noun phrase containing the pertinent
information.
Could youfill me in on what is going to be discussed at tomorrows meeting?
Not having been to the convention, my associate asked me to clue him in on the proceedings.
to make (someone) : to motivate to behave or act in a certain way (S)
tick
This idiom is used within a what-clause.
If a salesperson knows what makes a customer tick, he will be able to sell a lot of merchandise.
Its been impossible for us to figure out what makes our new boss tick. One moment she seems
pleasant and then the next moment shes upset.
to pick up the tab:
to pay the cost or bill
This idiom applies when someone pays for the cost of another persons meal, tickets, etc.
The advertising manager is flying to Puerto Rico for a conference, and her firm is picking up
the tab.
The government picked up the tab for the visiting dignitary. It paid for all of the lodging and
meals, as well as transportation, during his stay.
incidentally
[] 1) 2) , ; Incidentally, I wanted to have a word
with you about your academic career. ,
.
to go to town:
to do something with enthusiasm and thoroughness
Our interior decorator really went to town in remodeling our living room. Im afraid to ask how
much its going to cost.
Charlie really went to town on his research project. He consulted over forty reference works
and wrote a ninetypage report.
to let slide:
to neglect a duty ( S ); to ignore a situation ( S ) Terry knew that she should have paid the electric
bill on time instead of letting it slide. Now the utility company has turned off her service. When
he tried to get a rise out of me by mentioning my failure to receive a promotion at work, I just let
it slide.
to get off ones chest to express ones true feelings (S)
This idiom is used when someone has long waited to express themselves.
Ellen felt a lot better when she fmally talked to a counselor and got the problem off her chest.
Faye hasnt shared her concern about her marriage with her husband yet. I think that she should
get it off her chest soon.
to live it up:
to spend money freely, to live luxuriously
Kyle and Eric saved up money for two years so that they could travel to Europe and live it up.
After receiving a large inheritance from a rich aunt, I was able to live it up for years.
to liven up:
to energize, to make more active (also: to pick up) (S)
The teacher occasionally took the class on field trips just to liven things up a bit.
The animals in the zoo began to liven up when evening came and the temperatures dropped.
Many people have to drink coffee every morning just to pick themselves up.
to have a voice in:
to share involvement in
The new vice-president was promised that she would have a voice in developing the companys
international expansion.
The students are trying to have a voice in college affairs by gaining representation on
administrative committees.
in the worst way:
very much, greatly Jim and Claudia want to have children in the worst way. Because Umer has
relatives in Turkey, he wants to visit there in the worst way.
to leave open:
to delay making a decision on (S)
In making up the job announcement, the firm decided to leave the salary open until a qualified

candidate was found.

We know that the annual summer camp will be held in August, but lets leave the exact dates
open for now.
to turn on:
to interest greatly, to excite (S)
The idiom with the opposite meaning is to turn off These idioms are used to form the nouns turn
on and turnoff
Does great art turn you on? I fmd going to a museum and viewing classic works of art a real
turnon.
Going to a bar and having silly conversation with strangers really turns me off In fact, most bar
scenes are really turn offs to me.
to make waves:
to create a disturbance, usually by complaining This idiom is similar in meaning to the previous
idiom, but the emphasis is on the aspect of complaining rather than causing embarrassment. In
most companies, an employee who makes waves is not appreciated. The meeting was going
smoothly until one of the participants made waves about the newly revised compensation
package.
to mind the store
: to be responsible for an office while others are gone
It seems that all of our employees are taking a lunch break at the same time. I wonder whos
minding the store.
Lynne agreed to mind the store while the others went outside to watch the parade passing by.
to throw the book to punish with full penalty, to be harsh on
at:
Because the criminal was a repeat offender, the judge threw the book at him with heavy fines
and a long prison term.
My boss threw the book at me when he discovered that I had been using company time for
personal business. I was severely reprimanded and forced to make up the lost time.
to put one sfoot in: to say or do the wrong thing
This idiom is used with the noun phrase one s mouth or the pronoun it.
Fred really put his foot in his mouth when he called his supervisor by the wrong name.
I really put my foot in it when I forgot my girlfriends birthday and didnt buy her anything.
She almost lost her cool.
to land on ones to recover safely from an unpleasant or dangerous situation
feet:
After a series of personal and professional difficulties, its amazing that George has landed on
his feet so quickly.
Some young adults get into so much trouble at school that they are never able to land on their
feet again. They drop out before graduating.
to dish out:
to distribute in large quantity (S), to speak of others in a critical manner (S)
Marys mom dished out two or three scoops of ice cream for each child at the birthday party.
Larry cant seem to take any criticism of his actions but he certainly likes to dish it out.
to get through to:
to communicate with, to make someone understand (also: to break through to)
This idiom has the meaning of to make someone catch on (Lesson 29, eighth idiom, the first
defmition)
Some of the students in my reading class understand English so poorly that it is difficult to get
through to them.
The doctors have never succeeded in breaking through to Mr. Ames, who is a silent and
secretive patient.
to be over ones to be very busy, to have too much to do (also: to be up to ones ears); to be beyond ones ability
head:
to understand
Id love to take a week off for a hiking trip, but at the moment I am over my head in work.
Maybe next week when Im only up to my ears!
It was impossible for the tutor to get through to Bill about the physics problem because the
subject matter was over Bills head.
to be afar cry from: to be very different from
I enjoyed visiting Seattle, but it was afar cry from the ideal vacation spot I expected.
Ned is enjoying his new job, but his responsibilities are afar cry from what he was told they
would be.
to goof off:
to waste time, to be idle Some of the workers in our office always goof off when the boss is out.
On Saturday afternoons, I like to go to a movie or just goof off at home.
to draw the line at: to determine to be unacceptable, to refuse to consider
I dont mind helping him with his homework, but I draw the line at writing a term paper for
him.
The conSerence organizers tried to accommodate the needs of the various interest groups, but
they drew the line at extending the conference by two days.

to keep after:

no go

solidify
remedy

Stamp from
subservient

reminiscent
on reflection
at short notice
on hold

negligible

abolish
in the long run
anti-inflammatory
grow out of

to remind constantly, to nag

Lynn always has to keep after her children about cleaning up theft rooms and doing chores
around the house.
Lon is so forgetful that its necessary to keep after him about every little thing.
1) , 2) , ( )
No, I told Eliza, George is no go. , , .
I'm afraid it's no go ,
I've tried every remedy but it's no go ,
As far as my parents were concerned that was definitely no go

no go ((it's) no go) , ; ;
,
You want to trot me out, but it's no go. .
. No go! Neither hospitals nor Police. ! ,
. I've tried every remedy I can think of to cure insomnia but it's no go.
. .
[] ; ; ; ; Electrolyte has solidified.
. Metal solidifies. . Water solidifies by reduction
of temperature. .
[] 1. 1) ) , sure / reliable / certain remedy ,
effective / efficacious remedy to prescribe a
remedy to resort to a remedy cold remedy
cough remedy folk remedy
homeopathic remedy Syn: drug , medicine )
; , Syn: application , treatment 2) , (
-.) to apply remedies 3) ,
equitable remedy to
exhaust all legal remedies to pursue a legal remedy
2. 1) (, ) to remedy the defects
Syn: put right , rectify 2) , , Syn: heal ,
cure I 2.
Disregard for our wishes
It is not worth embarking on a new project now
It all stamps from his childhood problems
[] 1) , A good leader's policies must be subservient to the needs of
the people. . Syn:
subordinate , subsidiary , subject , auxiliary 1., contributory , accessory 2., ancillary 2) ,
subservient attitude to smb. -. Syn: obsequious
3) (subservient to) (-.) , (-.)
[] 1) 2) ; That melody is
reminiscent of the old days. .
, On reflection, I suppose his tales are just too old-fashioned.
, , .
(at ( on) short notice) , ,
,
1) The project is on hold We put our plans on hold
until we finished school ,
2) I hate to call up and then end up on hold , -
,
[] ; , , negligible
quantity ; , by a
negligible margin , Syn: trifling
It is fisicly such hard work, isnt it? Yes, it is mentally demanding too.
I worked in a tax office briefly but it seemed like forever.
[] 1) , , to abolish colonialism
the movement to abolish child labour
2) , , Syn: destroy
;
in the long run Finally, in the end, as a final result.

assertion

[] 1) bold / sweeping assertion mere assertion

unfounded assertion to make
an assertion to deny / refute an assertion
Assertion is like an arrow shot from a long bow; the force with which it
strikes depends on the strength of the arm that draws it. ,
: , , ,
. 2) , Syn: claim , pretension
keep up with the " ", , ,
Joneses
( )
My father might have cared more than I did what the Joneses thought, but at least he was
far from worrying himself sick trying to "keep up with the Joneses".
1) to keep up a correspondence I've kept up a
keep up
friendship with a girl I was at school with twenty years ago.
, . Syn: bear up , brace
up , buck up , cheer , chirk , encourage , perk up , spunk up 2) Syn: bear up ,
brace up , buck up , cheer , chirk , comfort , encourage , keep up , perk up , spunk up 3)
Keep it up! ! ! 4)
How do you keep up a house as large as this without help?
? 5) ,
to keep up old traditions , 6)
, ; to keep up on international law
to keep up with smb. -.,
8) ( ) Will the weather keep up?
?
1) (-.) The driver pulled the bus up only just in time to avoid hitting the
child. , . 2)
3) ; The director pulled Jim up for being late
again today. ,
. 4) ( ) Once he gets his
breath, he'll soon pull up to the leading runner. ,
. 5) , , () You'll
have to pull up your English. .
pull up trees
; The new manager does not seem the kind of
person who will pull up many trees. (ECI)
, .
pull well (pull well ; , ...he and Bill Duffy had never pulled well
(together))
together. .
No one makes mess with anything but with best intentions
I 1) Please stay, you can't just bail out now after all we've been through ,
bail out
. ,
I can't take any more. I'm gonna bail out .
2) Later on he will goof off with finesse but by then he will say he has bailed out
, ""
II 1) The government can't hope to bail out all the companies
Bailing out impoverished
countries is a tricky business - 2)
I am not supposed to bail out every goddam son of a bitch when he gets into trouble with
the police - ,

bail out 1) = bail 2) , The government cannot bail out every
unprofitable company.
. 3) , 4) , []
(
(., )) bailing out of equities
[ ] See: trading tactics bail out
No change for Moscow
He has influence with the President
He seemed out of his depth
make a difference
a) to have an effect b) to treat differently

pull up

These words make a world of difference.

to don one's best

coat
to attend to smb.'s
needs

-.

attend to

1. Mind, heed, notice, regard, observe, mark, be attentive to, pay regard to, give heed to, take
heed of, take notice of, give or pay attention to, give a thought to, be mindful of. 2. Look after,
look to, see to, oversee, overlook, superintend, supervise, take care of, provide for. 3. Practise,
pursue, follow.
I That last remark was a dig at me
II 1) Sorry, I don't dig , Man, don't you dig that fucking dope
fucked up my whole motherfucking sense of values? , ,
- , , ?
"But did you get laid?" "No, man, but dig, at one point I asked, if there was anything to
drink and she told me to fuck off" " ?" - ",
, , " 2) He digs with his grandmother

3) The guy would dig for hours on end III 1)
Where did you dig her, kid? , ?
2) I just don't dig what you're saying , Dig me?
? Sorry, I just don't dig you , 3) High
school students dig poetry I really dig
Tom. He's a special guy ,
Do you dig modern music? ? Do you dig
chocolate? ? He kept playing it and I kept digging it
, She liked cock too much to go
straight lezzie - but she dug it on occasion ,
,
4) If you do something subtle only one tenth of the audience will dig it
, ,
He really digs classical music
5) I digged her when she was fifteen ,
Dig that fancy hat! , !
Dig the tits on that chick , 6) I'd like to dig that
broad
- He decided to have a dig at his French.
.
12) ; ) , to dig that fancy hat
Syn: notice 2. ) ; Do you dig what I mean? ,
? If you do something subtle only one tenth of the audience will dig it.
, . Syn:
understand , appreciate ) , I really dig their music.
. Syn: like II 1., admire
10) () ) (-.) , (-.)
He sat down and at once dug into his meal. .
) - (-.) , (-.)
I'd better dig into my studies, the examinations start next week. -
, . ) ,

to dig into the annals of history

The press started digging into his private affairs. .
) , (-.)
to dig oneself into the new job
It was only four days previous that he made
As for me, I was sired in 1977
and these are winning things
, ; to tally up a total Syn:
count I 2., reckon up , number 2.
That is why I was so effervescent to go to
I [] 1. 1) , 2) , ;
, Syn: modest , unassuming 3) , ; humble pie - humble request Syn: obedient , submissive 4) , ; (
, ) - frugal - in humble circumstances

dig

have a dig at smth.

dig

dig into

tally up
umble

toil at / over
mount

clutch

clutch

decency

lukewarm
burden with

momentous
rejoinder

tardy

He stuck her close

to home
get to grips with
fatigue

) = toil and moil (-.) ; to toil at a

task 2) ,
( , , ) Mounting on my bicycle, I rode at full speed
down the street. . One
of the majors was accustomed to mount his horse from a chair.
.
[] I 1. 1) ; 2) -., The climber clutched at the
swinging rope, but missed. ,
. The child clutched at his mother in fear. . The
child clutched the doll to her and would not show it to anyone.
. 3) () , (
) A businessman will clutch at any chance of making a profit.
.
3) , the fell clutch of circumstance
to get into the clutches of moneylenders 4)
, to come through in the clutch
Syn: pinch 1.
[] 1) , ; , a spark of decency
Have you no sense of decency? ? He
didn't even have the decency to apologize. . If he had
to smoke in her flat, he could at least have the decency to empty the ashtray.
, . Syn:
propriety , decorum , politeness , courtesy 2) (the decencies) to
observe the decencies common / basic decencies

, , lukewarm attitude
) , burdened with variety of pursuits and duties
Why do you burden yourself with your sister's children?
, ? I don't
want to burden you with my troubles. ("")
.
The burden of what he said was to defend enthusiastically the conservative aristocracy.
, ,
. Syn: topic , theme
But first I am burdened to recite my good appearance.
[] 1) , Syn: significant 2) ,
[] 1) 2) , sharp rejoinder
telling rejoinder , , Syn: objection ,
retort , answer
The remotest he ever traveled was Kiev
He would manufacture funnies with
[] 1) I faint, my tardy blood forgets to flow. ,
, . Syn: sluggish , slow
2) , Don't shoot your husband when he is two hours tardy for supper.
, .
to insulate from the context ,
isolated sentence - ,
to lift a word out of context
take out of context

a) to deal with (a problem or subject) b) to tackle (an assailant)
I am really looking forward getting to grips with
[] 1. 1) ) , mental fatigue the mortal fatigue
to feel fatigue She was in a state of
complete fatigue. . Syn: exhaustion
) , ( -.) , ( -.) voter fatigue
, ; ( ) compassion fatigue - threat fatigue 2) , Syn: toil 1. 2.
, , My morning's work has fatigued me.
. Syn: tire , weary

atone
renounce

insidious
entail

forgo

rally

seep in
lucrative
buck up

bow out

[] 1) , (, ) 2) (atone for) , 3)
, Syn: reconcile
[] 1. 1) ( ) Syn: relinquish , refuse ,
resign
2) , ;
to renounce the authority of the church Syn: repudiate 3)
Syn: abdicate , abjure
The year 2004 appeared to herald a shift in power in American television.
The gamble paid off
The FCC and the family values crusaders alike are cooking their numbers
[] , ; insidious disease
Syn: sly , treacherous , deceitful , underhand , artful , cunning , crafty , wily
1) , (-.)
The project will entail considerable expense.
. Any decision will entail inconvenience for one group or another.
() . My absence
will entail inconvenience upon you. . 2)
( -.) , (-.) My faint heart entailed on them indelible
disgrace. - .
Owens says, Ah hell, the teams going to have to win this one without me.
[] , -. to forgo one's custom
Syn: sacrifice , waive , give up Ant: demand , keep , preserve
to forgo the game
No better example can be found than with..
I [] 1. 1) ) , (, ) ) , ,
( ) ; Syn: reunion
2) , ; peace rally political rally
Nazi rallies to hold / organize a rally
3) ) (, ) Syn: renewal
) () ( ) ; ()
to make a rally , Syn: recovery , renewal
1) ) = rally back, = rally round, = rally up , , to rally
round the flag / leader / If the whole family
rallies round, we can get Jim out of debt.
, .
) , , The commander rallied his troops for a
counterattack. . Syn: muster 2) )
, ; Syn: concentrate , revive ) (rally from)
( ) Has the child rallied from her fever yet?
? Syn: recover , revive , rebound 3) . ,
( ) ; , ( )
II [] , , ( -.) ; (-. / -.) to rally
on smb.'s weaknesses -. Syn: mock 2., scoff I 2.
Indecency complaints rose from 350 in 2001 to more than a million in 2004, illustrating how
the values warriors (Harris 2004: 25) have seized the agenda.
( , . .)
The chairman stopped speaking to allow time for the meaning of his remark to seep in.
, .
[] , , , Syn: profitable
; 1) (), (), ()
A good holiday will buck you up. .
Buck up, your troubles will soon be over. ,
. Syn: bear up 1), brace up , cheer I 2., chirk 2., keep up 2), perk up 2), spunk up
2) Buck up, we're all waiting. , . Syn: bustle up , hurry up 3)
, Syn: improve
1) , , , When leaving the presence of the
princess, you have to bow yourself out as you go.
, , .
2) ( -.) , ,
Jim bowed (himself) out of the competition when he learned who his opponent was.
, , .

concede

The old leader decided to bow out instead of fighting to keep his position.
, .
But in recent times HBO has conceded ground, the reason being that it lost its big hitters.
[] 1) (-.) ; ( -.) ; (-.)
to concede independence
The defeated nation conceded some of their land to the enemy.
.
2) ; The only conceded goal came off a penalty kick.
. Syn: lose , yield 2.
3) to concede defeat He refuses to concede defeat.
. But he conceded that there may be new evidence that
emerges. , .
Syn: acknowledge , admit , allow , confess Ant: dispute 2.
He has taken over from his father this rare gift. .

take over (from)

cash in on
commissioning (of)
notorious

to play (it) safe

- take over smb's duties, take over from smb

You're sitting on a fortune, honey, cash in on it ,
,
The guy is cashing in on his sudden popularity ,

,
Let's cash in on the fine weather and go out for the day

,
[] 1) ; ; ; Syn:
infamous 2) , it is notorious that... , ... notorious
facts Syn: famous 3) , ( ,
)
, , ,
innuendo [] , innuendos, innuendoes 1) ; to cast / make an
innuendo She made an innuendo that he had a prison record.
, . Syn: hint , insinuation
precise [] 1) ) ; precise meaning Syn: exact ,
punctual ) , , , ( , , ) Syn: clear ,
clear-cut 2) ) , , He was very precise about doing his
duty. . He is very precise
about dates and facts. . Syn: accurate , formal ,
correct , scrupulous , particular , careful , thorough ) , Syn: puritanical
to be more precise
to lay it on the line 1) 2) , , , 3)
,

to expose to risk

compromise
omission

[] 1) ; , 2) , , Syn: neglect , dereliction
Notions of contradiction and contestation are key to this compilation about