Ansoft Maxwell 3D v11 Userguide

Ansoft
Maxwell 3D
Electromagnetic and Electromechanical Analysis
11
electronic design automation software
user’s guide – Maxwell 3D
ANSOFT Korea http://ansoft.co.kr mail to : ehan@ansoft.co.kr

Contents
Contents
This document discusses some basic concepts and terminology used throughout
the Ansoft Maxwell application. It provides an overview of the following topics:
0. Fundamentals
Ansoft Maxwell Desktop
Opening a Design
Setting Model Type
1. Parametric Model Creation
1.1 Boundary Conditions
1.2 Excitations
5. Examples
Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 2

Ansoft Maxwell Fundamentals
What is Maxwell?
Maxwell is a high-performance interactive software package that uses finite
element analysis (FEA) to solve three-dimensional (3D) electric, magnetostatic,
eddy current, and transient problems.
Use it to compute:
Static electric fields, forces, torques, and capacitances caused by voltage
distributions and charges.
Static magnetic fields, forces, torques, and inductances caused by DC
currents, static external magnetic fields, and permanent magnets.
Time-varying magnetic fields, forces, torques, and impedances caused by
AC currents and oscillating external magnetic fields.
Transient magnetic fields caused by electrical sources and permanent
magnets

Installing the Ansoft Maxwell Software
System Requirements
Microsoft Windows XP(32/64), Windows 2000, or Windows 2003 Server. For up-
to-date information, refer to the Maxwell Release Notes.
Pentium –based computer
128MB RAM minimum
8MB Video Card minimum
Mouse or other pointing device
CD-ROM drive
NOTE: You should make backup copies of all Maxwell projects created with
a previous version of the software before opening them in Maxwell v11
Installing the Ansoft Maxwell Software

For up-to-date information, refer to the Maxwell Installation Guide
Starting Ansoft Maxwell

1. Click the Microsoft Start button, select Programs, and select the Ansoft, Maxwell
11 program group. Click Maxwell 11.
2. Or Double click on the Maxwell 11 icon on the Windows Desktop

Converting Older Files
Converting Older Maxwell file to Maxwell v11

Because of changes to the Maxwell files with the development of Maxwell v11,
opening a Maxwell document from an earlier release may take more time than
you are used to experiencing. However, once the file has been opened and
saved, subsequent opening time will return to normal
Ansoft Maxwell v11 provides a way for you to automatically convert your Maxwell
projects from an earlier version to the Maxwell v11 format.
To access Maxwell projects in an earlier version.
From Maxwell v11,
1. Select the menu item File > Open
2. Open dialog
1. Files of Type: Ansoft Legacy EM Projects (.cls)
2. Browse to the existing project and select the .cls file
3. Click the Open button

Getting Help
Getting Help
If you have any questions while you are using Ansoft Maxwell you can find
answers in several ways:
Ansoft Maxwell Online Help provides assistance while you are working.
To get help about a specific, active dialog box, click the Help button
in the dialog box or press the F1 key.
Select the menu item Help > Contents to access the online help
system.
Tooltips are available to provide information about tools on the
toolbars or dialog boxes. When you hold the pointer over a tool for a
brief time, a tooltip appears to display the name of the tool.
As you move the pointer over a tool or click a menu item, the Status
Bar at the bottom of the Ansoft Maxwell window provides a brief
description of the function of the tool or menu item.
The Ansoft Maxwell Getting Started guide provides detailed
information about using Maxwell to create and solve 3D EM projects.
Ansoft Technical Support
To contact Ansoft technical support staff in your geographical area,
please log on to the Ansoft corporate website, www.ansoft.com and
select Contact.
Your Ansoft sales engineer may also be contacted in order to
obtain this information.
Visiting the Ansoft Web Site

If your computer is connected to the Internet, you can visit the Ansoft Web site to
learn more about the Ansoft company and products.
From the Ansoft Desktop
Select the menu item Help > Ansoft Corporate Website to access
the Online Technical Support (OTS) system.
From your Internet browser
Visit www.ansoft.com

Getting Help
For Technical Support

The following link will direct you to the Ansoft Support Page. The Ansoft Support
Pages provide additional documentation, training, and application notes.
Web Site: http://www.ansoft.com/support.cfm
Technical Support:
9-4 EST:
Pittsburgh, PA
(412) 261-3200 x0 – Ask for Technical Support
Burlington, MA
9-4 PST:
San Jose, CA
Portland, OR
(503) 906-7944 or (503) 906-7947
El Segundo, CA
(310) 426-2287 – Ask for Technical Support

WebUpdate
WebUpdate
This new feature allows you to update any existing Ansoft software from the
WebUpdate window. This feature automatically scans your system to find any
Ansoft software, and then allows you to download any updates if they are
available.

Ansoft Terms
Ansoft Terms
The Ansoft Maxwell window has several optional panels:
A Project Manager which contains a design tree which lists the structure of
the project.
A Message Manager that allows you to view any errors or warnings that
occur before you begin a simulation.
A Property Window that displays and allows you to change model
parameters or attributes.
A Progress Window that displays solution progress.
A 3D Modeler Window which contains the model and model tree for the
active design. For more information about the3D Modeler Window, see
chapter 1.
Menu
bar
Toolbars
3D Modeler
Window
Project
Manager
with project
tree
Progress
Message
Window
Manager
Status
bar Property Window
Coordinate Entry Fields

Ansoft Terms
Project Manager
Project Manager Window
Project
Design
Design Setup
Design Automation
•Parametric
•Optimization
•Sensitivity Design Results
•Statistical

Ansoft Terms
Property Window
Property Window
Property Property
table buttons
Property tabs

Ansoft Terms
Ansoft 3D Modeler
3D Modeler Window
Graphics Model
area
3D Modeler
design tree
Context menu
Edge
Vertex
Coordinate System (CS)

Plane
Origin
Face
Model

Ansoft Terms
3D Modeler Design Tree
Material
Object
Object Command History
Grouped by Material
Object View

Design Windows
Design Windows
In the Ansoft Maxwell Desktop, each project can have multiple designs and each
design is displayed in a separate window.
You can have multiple projects and design windows open at the same time.
Also, you can have multiple views of the same design visible at the same time.
To arrange the windows, you can drag them by the title bar, and resize them by
dragging a corner or border. Also, you can select one of the following menu
options: Window >Cascade, Window >Tile Vertically, or Window > Tile
Horizontally.
To organize your Ansoft Maxwell window, you can iconize open designs. Click
the Iconize ** symbol in the upper right corner of the document border. An icon
appears in the lower part of the Ansoft Maxwell window. If the icon is not visible,
it may be behind another open document. Resize any open documents as
necessary. Select the menu item Window > Arrange Icons to arrange them at
the bottom of the Ansoft Maxwell window.
Select the menu item Window > Close All to close all open design. You are
prompted to Save unsaved designs.
Iconize
Symbol
Design icons

Toolbars
Toolbars
The toolbar buttons are shortcuts for frequently used commands. Most of the
available toolbars are displayed in this illustration of the Ansoft Maxwell initial
screen, but your Ansoft Maxwell window probably will not be arranged this way.
You can customize your toolbar display in a way that is convenient for you.
Some toolbars are always displayed; other toolbars display automatically when
you select a document of the related type. For example, when you select a 2D
report from the project tree, the 2D report toolbar displays.
To display or hide individual toolbars:

Right-click the Ansoft Maxwell window frame.
A list of all the toolbars is displayed. The toolbars with a check mark
beside them are visible; the toolbars without a check mark are hidden.
Click the toolbar name to turn its display on or off
To make changes to the toolbars, select the menu item Tools > Customize. See
Customize and Arrange Toolbars on the
Ansoft
next page.
Maxwell
panels
Toolbars

Toolbars
Customize and Arrange Toolbars

To customize toolbars:
Select the menu item Tools > Customize, or right-click the Ansoft Maxwell
window frame and click Customize at the bottom of the toolbar list.
In the Customize dialog, you can do the following:
View a Description of the toolbar commands
1. Select an item from the Component pull-down list
2. Select an item from the Category list
3. Using the mouse click on the Buttons to display the

Description
4. Click the Close button when you are finished
Toggle the visibility of toolbars

1. From the Toolbar list, toggle the check boxes to control the
visibility of the toolbars
2. Click the Close button when you are finished

Overview
Ansoft Maxwell Desktop

The Ansoft Maxwell Desktop provides an intuitive, easy-to-use interface for
developing passive RF device models. Creating designs, involves the following:
1. Parametric Model Generation – creating the geometry, boundaries and
excitations
2. Analysis Setup – defining solution setup and frequency sweeps
3. Results – creating 2D reports and field plots
4. Solve Loop - the solution process is fully automated
To understand how these processes co-exist, examine the illustration shown

below.
Design
Solution Type
1.1. Boundaries
1. Parametric Model
Geometry/Materials
1.2. Excitations
4.1 Mesh
Operations
2. Analysis
Solution Setup
Frequency Sweep
Mesh
Analyze Solve
Refinement
3. Results
2D Reports NO
Converged
Fields
4. Solve Loop
YES
Update Finished

Opening a Design
Opening a Maxwell project

This section describes how to open a new or existing project.
Opening a New project

To open a new project:
1. In an Ansoft Maxwell window, select the menu item File > New.
2. Select the menu Project > Insert Maxwell Design.
Opening an Existing Maxwell project

To open an existing project:
1. In an Ansoft Maxwell window,
select the menu File > Open.
Use the Open dialog to select
the project.
2. Click Open to open the project
Opening an Existing Project from Explorer

You can open a project directly from the Microsoft Windows Explorer.
To open a project from Windows Explorer, do one of the following:
Double-click on the name of the project in Windows Explorer.
Right-click the name of the project in Windows Explorer and select
Open from the shortcut menu.

Set Solution Type
Set Solution Type

This section describes how to set the Solution Type. The Solution Type defines
the type of results, how the excitations are defined, and the convergence. The
following Solution Types are available:
1. Magneto static - calculates the
2. Eddy Current - calculates
3. Transient – calculates the
4. Electric – calculates the
Convergence
1. Magneto static -
2. Eddy Current -
3. Transient –
4. Electric –
To set the solution type:

1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Solution Type
2. Solution Type Window:
1. Choose one of the following:
1. Magnetostatic
2. Eddy Current
3. Transient
4. Electric
2. Click the OK button

1
Parametric Model Creation

The Ansoft Maxwell 3D Modeler is designed for ease of use and flexibility. The
power of the 3D Modeler is in its unique ability to create fully parametric designs
without editing complex macros/model history.
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the 3D Modeling
capabilities. By understanding the basic concepts outlined here you will be able
to quickly take advantage of the full feature set offered by the 3D Parametric
Modeler.
Overview of the 3D Modeler User Interface

The following picture shows the 3D Modeler window.
3D Modeler Design Tree – The 3D Modeler Design Tree is an essential part
of the user interface. From here you may access the structural elements in
addition to any object dependencies and attributes.
Context Menus – Context menus are a flexible way of accessing frequently
used menu commands for the current context. The contents of these
menus change dynamically and are available throughout the interface by
clicking the right mouse button.
Graphics Area – The graphics area is used to interact with the structural
elements.
Graphics Model
area
3D Modeler
design tree
Context menu
Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 1-20

1
Overview of the 3D Modeler User Interface (Continued)

When using the 3D Modeler interface you will also interact with two additional
interfaces:
Property Window – The Property Window is used to view or modify the
attributes and dimensions of structural objects
Property Property
table buttons
Property tabs
Status Bar/Coordinate Entry – The Status Bar on the Ansoft Maxwell

Desktop Window displays the Coordinate Entry fields that can be used to
define points or offsets during the creation of structural objects

1
Grid Plane
To simplify the creation of structural primitives, a grid or drawing plane is used.
The drawing plane does not in any way limit the user to two dimensional
coordinates but instead is used as a guide to simplify the creation of structural
primitives. The drawing plane is represented by the active grid plane (The grid
does not have to be visible). To demonstrate how drawing planes are used,
review the following section: Creating and Viewing Simple Structures.
Active Cursor
The active cursor refers to the cursor that is available during object creation. The
cursor allows you to graphically change the current position. The position is
displayed on the status bar of the Ansoft Maxwell Desktop Window.
When objects are not being constructed, the cursor remains passive and is set
for dynamic selection. See the Overview of Selecting Objects for more details.

1
Creating and Viewing a Simple Structure

Creating 3D structural objects is accomplished by performing the following steps:
1. Set the grid plane
2. Create the base shape of the object
3. Set the Height
Create a Box
We will investigate creating a box to demonstrate these steps. These steps
assume that project and a Maxwell design have already been created.
Three points are required to create the box. The first two form the base
rectangle and the third sets the height.
Point 1: Defines the start point of the base rectangle
Point 2: Defines the size of the base rectangle
Point 3: Defines the height of the Box
Point 1
Grid Plane
Point 3
Base Rectangle
Point 2

1
Create a Box (Continued)

1. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Grid Plane > XY
2. Use the mouse to create the base shape
1. Set the start point by positioning the active cursor and click the left
mouse button.
2. Position the active cursor and click the left mouse button to set the
second point that forms the base rectangle
3. Set the Height by positioning the active cursor and clicking left mouse
button.

1
Specifying Points
Grid
From the example, we saw that the simplest way to set a point is by
clicking its position on the grid plane. To set the precision of the grid plane,
select the menu item View > Grid Settings. From here you may specify the
Grid Type, Style, Visibility, and Precision. By pressing the Save As Default
button, you can set the default behavior for future Maxwell Designs.
Coordinate Entry
Another way to specify a coordinate is to use the Coordinate Entry fields
which are located on the status bar of the Ansoft Maxwell Desktop. The
position may be specified in Cartesian, Cylindrical, or Spherical
coordinates. Once the first point is set, the Coordinate Entry will default to
Relative coordinates. In Relative mode the coordinates are no longer
absolute (measured from the origin of the working coordinate system), but
relative to the last point entered.
Equations
The Coordinate Entry fields allow equations to be entered for
position values. Examples: 2*5, 2+6+8, 2*cos(10*(pi/180)).
Variables are not allowed in the Coordinate Entry Field
Note: Trig functions are in radians
Relative mode
1
Specifying Points (Continued)

Object Properties
By default the Properties dialog will appear after you have finished
sketching an object. The position and size of objects can be modified from
the dialog. This method allows you to create objects by clicking the
estimated values using the mouse and then correcting the values in the
final dialog.
The Property dialog accepts equations, variables, and units. See the
Overview of Entering Parameters for more detail.
Every object has two types of properties
1. Command – Defines the structural primitive
2. Attributes – Defines the material, display, and solve properties
Commands
Attributes

1
Overview of Draw
Primitives
In solid modeling, the basic element or object is often called a primitive.
Examples of primitives are boxes, cylinders, rectangles, circles, etc. There
are two types of primitives: 3D primitives or solids, and 2D primitives or
surfaces. By placing a collection of primitives in the correct location and of
the correct size we can create a represent complex structural objects.
To create complex objects, primitives can be used as “tools” to cut holes,
carve away, or join. The operations that are performed with these “tools”
are often referred to as Boolean operations.
2D primitives can be swept to create arbitrarily shaped solid primitives
2D Draw Objects
The following 2D Draw objects are available:
Rectangle, Circle, Line, Point, Spline, Ellipse, Regular Polygon (v10
circle)
3D Draw Objects
The following 3D Draw objects are available:
Box, Cylinder, Sphere, Torus, Helix, Bond Wire, Cone, Regular
Polyhedron (v10 cylinder)
True Surfaces
Circles, Cylinders, Spheres, etc are represented as true surfaces. In
versions prior to release 11, these primitives would be represented as
faceted objects. If you wish to use the faceted primitives (Cylinders or
Circles), select the Regular Polyhedron or Regular Polygon.
To control the mesh generation of true surfaces objects, see the section on
Mesh Control.

1
Overview of Draw (Continued)
Snap Mode
As an aid for graphical selection, the
modeler provides Snap options. The
default is to snaps are shown here. The
shape of the active cursor will dynamically
change as the cursor is moved over the
snap positions.
Moving
By default all active cursor movement is in three dimensions. The modeler
can also be set to allow the active cursor to only move in a plane or out of
plane. These are set from the menu item 3D Modeler > Movement Mode.
In addition, the movement can be limited to a specific direction (x, y, or z)
by holding down the x, y, or z key. This prevents movement in the other
directions.
Pressing the CTRL+Enter key sets a local reference point. This can be
useful for creating geometry graphically that is based on an existing
objects. This is outlined on the next page:

1
Moving (Continued)
Step 1: Start Point Step 2: Hold X key and select vertex point
Step 3: CTRL+Enter Keys set a local reference Step 4: Hold Z key and set height

1
Overview of Draw
Import
In 3D modeler you can import a drawing file from outside.
Choose option 3D Modeler -> Import . Here is the list of import files that we
support. For some of these import option you will need an add-on translator
feature in your license file.
Healing
Automated healing for imported solid models
Post-translation user controlled healing
3D Model Analysis – 3D Modeler/Analyze
Face, Object , Area analysis based on user inputs
List of problems (faces, edges, vertices)
Auto Zoom In into region where problem exists
Remove Face
Remove Edge
Remove Sliver
Remove Vertices

1
Selecting Previously Defined Shapes

You may select an object by moving the mouse over the object in the graphics
area and clicking on it. The default mode is Dynamic selection which will display
the object to be selected with a unique outline color. Please note that after
selecting (Clicking on the object) the object it will be displayed solid pink while all
other objects are drawn transparent.
Types of Selection
The default is to select objects. Sometimes is necessary to select faces,
edges, or vertices. To change the selection mode, select the menu item
Edit > Select and choose the appropriate selection mode. The shortcut
keys o (Object selection) and f (face selection) are useful for quickly
switching between the most common selection modes
Multiple Select or Toggle Selection
Multiple objects can be selected graphically by holding down the CTRL key
while selecting. In addition, with the CTRL key pressed, the selection of an
object can be toggled between selected or unselected.
Blocked Objects
If the object you wish to select is located behind another object, select the
object that is blocking the desired object and press the b key or right-click
and select Next Behind from the context menu. You may repeat this as
many times as needed to select the correct object.
Select All Visible
You can select all visible objects by pressing the CTRL+a key or by
selecting the menu item Edit > Select All Visible.
Select by Name
To select objects by Name you can use anyone of the following:
Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name
Select the menu item Maxwell > List
Select the Model tab
Select objects from the list
Use the Model Tree. See the next page

1
Selecting Previously Defined Shapes (Continued)

Model Tree
After an object has been created, it is automatically added to the Model
Tree. All objects can be found in the Model Tree. If you open the Model
folder you will find the objects sorted by Object or by Material. You can
toggle between the views by toggling the menu item 3D Modeler > Group
Object by Material.
Sorted by Object Sorted by Material
As stated previously, every object has two types of properties:

Attributes
You may select an object by clicking on the corresponding
item in the Model Tree.
When the object is selected the attributes will be displayed in
the Property Window. Double-clicking on the object will open
a properties dialog. Use the Property Window or properties
dialog to modify the attributes.
Commands
From the Model Tree, the Command Properties can be
selected by expanding the object folder to display the
command list. Using the mouse, select the corresponding
Attributes command from the tree. The properties will be displayed in
Commands the Property Window. Double-clicking on the command will
open a properties dialog. Use the Property Window or
properties dialog to modify the command.
When the command is selected, the object will be outlined
with bold lines in the 3D Model Window. Since an object can
be a combination of several primitives, the command list may
contain several objects. Anyone of these commands can be
selected to visualize or modify the object.

1
Selecting Previously Defined Shapes (Continued)

Model Tree
Geometry in the 3D modeler is also grouped according to their model
definition. Objects, Sheets, Lines, and Points are all separated so that they
can be easily identified in the model tree
If a boundary condition or an excitation is defined on a sheet object, then

those 2D objects will be further separated according to their assignment.

1
Object Attributes
An objects attributes set the following user defined properties:
Name – User defined name. Default names start with the primitive type
followed by an increasing number: Box1, Box2, etc.
Material – User defined material property. The default property is vacuum.
This can be changed by using the material toolbar
Solve Inside – By default Maxwell only solves for fields inside
dielectrics. To force Maxwell to solve inside conductors, check
solve inside.
Orientation
Model Object – Controls if the object is included in the solve
Display Wireframe – Forces the object to always be displayed as wireframe
Color – Set object color
Transparency – Set the transparency of an object. 0–Solid, 1- Wireframe
Note: Visibility is not an object property.

1
Materials
By clicking on the property button for the material name, the material definition
window will appear. You can select from the existing database or define a
custom project material.

1
Materials (Continued)
User Defined Project Material
To define a custom material click the Add Material button from the material
definition window. The following dialog will appear. Enter the material
definitions and click the OK button.

1
Changing the View

You can change the view at any time (even during shape generation) by using the
following commands:
Toolbar
Rotate Model Center – The structure will be rotated around the Model
Pan – The structure will be translated in the graphical area
Dynamic Zoom – Moving the mouse upwards will increase the zoom factor
while moving the mouse downwards will decrease the zoom factor
Zoom In/Out – In this mode a rubber band rectangle will be defined by dragging
the mouse. After releasing the mouse button the zoom factor will be applied.
Pan Zoom In/Out
Rotate Dynamic Zoom
Context Menu
Right click in the graphics area and select the menu item View and choose
from the options outlined in the Toolbar section. The context menu also offers
the following:
Fit All – This will zoom the defined structure to a point where it fits in the
drawing area
Fit Selection – This fits only the selected objects into the drawing area.
Spin – Drag the mouse and release the mouse button to start the object
spinning. The speed of the dragging prior to releasing the mouse
controls the speed of the spin.
Animate – Create or display the animation of parametric geometry
Shortcuts
Since changing the view is a frequently used operation, some useful shortcut
keys exist. Press the appropriate keys and drag the mouse with the left button
pressed:
ALT + Drag – Rotate
In addition, there are 9 pre-defined view angles that can be
selected by holding the ALT key and double clicking on the
locations shown on the next page.
Shift + Drag - Pan
ALT + Shift + Drag – Dynamic Zoom

1
Shortcuts - Predefined Views

These 9 pre-defined views can be seen by holding the ALT key and double
clicking the left mouse button on the locations shown below.
Top
Predefined View Angles
Left Right
Bottom

1
Changing the View (Continued)

Visibility
The visibility of objects, Boundaries, Excitations, and Field Reports can be
controlled from the menu item View > Visibility
Hide Selection
The visibility of selected objects can be set hidden by selecting the
object(s) and choosing the menu View > Hide Selection > All Views.
Rendering
To change the rendering select the menu item View > Render > Wireframe
or View > Render > Smooth Shaded
Coordinate System
To control the view of the coordinate system, select the menu item:
Visibility:
Toggle the menu item View > Coordinate System > Hide
(Show)
Size:
Toggle the menu item View > Coordinate System > Small
(Large)
Background Color
To set the background color, select the menu item View > Modify Attributes
> Background Color
Addition View Seetings

Additional attributes of the view such as the projection, orientation, and
lighting can be set from the menu item View > Modify Attributes

1
Enhancements and New Features
Selection
Select Connected Vertices
Select Connected Faces
Select Connected Edges
Select Edge Chain
Select Face Chain
Select Uncovered Loops
Healing
Purge History – makes an object appear as an
imported entity so that healing can be
performed on it
Remove Faces
Remove Edges
Remove Vertices
Align Faces

1
Enhancements and New Features
Visibility
Hide selected objects in Active View
Hide selected objects in All Views
Show selected objects in Active View
Show selected objects in All Views
3D User Interface Options

When there is a selection
Selection is always visible
Set transparency of selected objects
Set transparency of non-selected objects
Default Rotation About
Screen Center
Current Axis
Model Center
3D Modeler Options
Visualize history of objects

1
Applying Structural Transformations

So far we have investigated hot to model simple shapes and how to change the
view of the model. To create more complicated models or reduce the number of
objects that need to be created manually we can apply various transformations.
The following examples assume that you have already selected the object(s) that
you wish to apply a transformation.
You can select the transformation options from the menu item Edit >
Arrange >
Move – Translates the structure along a vector
Rotate – Rotates the shape around a coordinate axis by an angle
Mirror – Mirrors the shape around a specified plane
Offset – Performs a uniform scale in x, y, and z.
Duplicate >
Along Lines – Create multiple copies of an object along a vector
Around Axis – Create multiple copies of an object rotated by a fixed
angle around the x, y, or z axis
Mirror - Mirrors the shape around a specified plane and creates a
duplicate
Scale – Allows non-uniform scaling in the x, y, or z direction
The faces of an object can also be moved to alter the shape of an existing object.
To move the faces of an object select the menu item 3D Modeler > Surfaces >
Move Faces and select Along Normal or Along Vector.

1
Combine Objects by Using Boolean Operations

Most complex structures can be reduced to combinations of simple primitives.
Even the solid primitives can be reduced to simple 2D primitives that are swept
along a vector or around an axis(Box is a square that is swept along a vector to
give it thickness). The solid modeler supports the following Boolean operations:
Unite – combine multiple primitives
Unite disjoint objects
Separate Bodies to separate
Subtract – remove part of a primitive from another
Split – break primitives into multiple parts
Intersect– keep only the parts of primitives that overlap
Sweep – turn a 2D primitive into a solid by sweeping: Along a Vector,
Around an Axis, Along a Path
Connect – connect 2D primitives. Use Cover Surfaces to turn the
connected object into a solid
Section – generate 2D cross-sections of a 3D object
Most Boolean operations require a base primitive in which the Boolean operation
is performed. Only the base object will be preserved.
The Boolean functions provide the option to Clone objects.
Split Crossing Objects – When a group of objects
are selected, a Boolean split is performed on
ANY objects that overlap

1
Local Coordinate Systems

The ability to create local coordinate systems adds a great deal of flexibility to the
creations of structural objects. In previous sections we have only discussed
objects that are aligned to the global coordinate system. The local coordinate
system simplifies the definition of objects that do not align with the global
coordinate system. In addition, the object history is defined relative to a
coordinate system. If the coordinate system is moved, the geometry will
automatically move with it. The definition of coordinate systems are maintained
in the Model Tree.
Working Coordinate System

The working coordinate system is the currently selected CS. This can be a
local or global CS
Global CS
The default fixed coordinate system
Relative CS
User defined local coordinate system.
Offset
Rotated
Both
Face CS
User defined local coordinate system. It is tied to the location of the object
face it was created on. If the size of the base object changes, all objects
created relative to the face CS will be updated automatically.
Continued on Next Page

1
Local Coordinate Systems (Continued)

Face CS (Continued)
To create a face CS, select the menu item 3D Modeler > Coordinate
System > Face
1. Graphically select Face (Highlighted in model)
2. Select Origin for Face CS
3. Set X-Axis
Step 1: Select Face Step 2: Select Origin
New Working CS
Step 3: Set X-Axis

1
Local Coordinate Systems (Continued)

Example of Face CS
Cone is created with Face CS
Change the size of the box and

the Cone is automatically
moved with the Face CS

1
Parametric Geometry
The parametric modeler capability allows us to define variables in replace of a
fixed position or size. Once this has been defined the variable can be changed
by the user or by Optimetrics. Optimetrics can then be used to perform
automatic Optimization, Parametric Sweeps, Statistical, or Sensitivity Analysis.
Defining Parameters
Select the command to parameterized
Choose the value to change
Enter a variable in replace of the fixed value
Define the variable using any combination of math functions or design
variables.
The model will automatically be updated

1
Parametric Geometry (Continued)

Variables
There are two types of variables that can be defined in the Maxwell
Desktop
Design Properties – Local to model. To access the local variables
select the menu item Maxwell > Design Properties
Project Variables – Global to all models in project. Start with $. To
access the global or project variables, select the menu item Project
> Project Variables
Units
When defining variables they must contain units. The default units
for variables is meters.
Equations
The variables can contain complex equations. See the Online Help
for a complete list of math functions
Equation based Curves and Surfaces
Any curve/surface that can be described
by an equation in three dimensions
can be drawn.
Animation
Right-Click in the 3D Model Window & Choose Animate to preview
the parameterization
Note: depending on the quality of your graphics card you have the
option of exporting ether AVI or GIF animation files.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Boundary Conditions
This chapter describes the basics for applying boundary conditions. Boundary
conditions enable you to control the characteristics of planes, faces, or interfaces
between objects. Boundary conditions are important to understand and are
fundamental to solution of Maxwell’s equations.
Why they are Important

The field equations that are solved by Ansoft Maxwell 3D are derived from the
differential form of Maxwell’s Equations. For these expressions to be valid, it is
assumed that the field vectors are single-valued, bounded, and have continuous
distribution along with their derivatives. Along boundaries or sources, the fields
are discontinuous and the derivatives have no meaning. Therefore boundary
conditions define the field behavior across discontinuous boundaries.
As a user of Ansoft Maxwell 3D you should be aware of the field assumptions
made by boundary conditions. Since boundary conditions force a field behavior
we want to be aware of the assumptions so we can determine if they are
appropriate for the simulation. Improper use of boundary conditions may lead to
inconsistent results.
When used properly, boundary conditions can be successfully utilized to reduce
the model complexity. In fact, Ansoft Maxwell 3D automatically uses boundary
conditions to reduce the complexity of the model. Ansoft Maxwell 3D can be
thought of as a virtual prototyping world. Unlike the real world which is bounded
by infinite space, the virtual prototyping world needs to be made finite. In order to
achieve this finite space, Ansoft Maxwell 3D applies a background or outer
boundary condition which is applied to the region surrounding the geometric
model.
The model complexity usually is directly tied to the solution time and computer
resources so it is a competitive advantage to utilize them whenever possible.
Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 1.1-49

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Common Boundary Conditions

There are three types of boundary conditions. The first two are largely the users
responsibility to define them or ensure that they are defined correctly. The
material boundary conditions are transparent to the user.
1. Excitations
Wave Ports (External)

Lumped Ports (Internal)
2. Surface Approximations
Symmetry Planes
Perfect Electric or Magnetic Surfaces
Radiation Surfaces
Background or Outer Surface
3. Material Properties
Boundary between two dielectrics

Finite Conductivity of a conductor

1.1
Boundary Conditions
How the Background Affects a Structure

The background is the region that surrounds the geometric model and fills any
space that is not occupied by an object. Any object surface that touches the
background is automatically defined to be a Perfect E boundary and given the
boundary name outer. You can think of your structure as being encased with a
thin, perfect conductor.
If it is necessary, you can change a surface that is exposed to the background to

have properties that are different from outer:
To model losses in a surface, you can redefine the surface to be either a
Finite Conductivity or Impedance boundary. A Finite Conductivity
boundary can be a lossy metal, with loss as a function of frequency and
defined using conductivity and relative permeability parameters. An
Impedance boundary has real or complex values that by default remain
constant over frequency.
To model a surface to allow waves to radiate infinitely far into space,
redefine the surface to be radiation boundary.
The background can affect how you make material assignments. For example, if
you are modeling a simple air-filled rectangular waveguide, you can create a
single object in the shape of the waveguide and define it to have the
characteristics of air. The surface of the waveguide is automatically assumed to
be a perfect conductor and given the boundary condition outer, or you can
change it to a lossy conductor.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Boundary Condition Precedence

The order in which boundaries are assigned is important in Maxwell 3D. Latter
assigned boundaries take precedence over former assigned boundaries.
For example, if one face of an object is assigned to a Natural boundary, and a
boundary in the same plane as this surface is assigned a Tangential H-Field
boundary, then the Tangential H-Field will override the Natural in the area of the
overlap. If this operation were performed in the reverse order, then the Tangential
H-Field boundary would cover the Natural boundary.
Once boundaries have been assigned, they can be re-prioritized by selecting
Maxwell > Boundaries > Re-prioritize. The order of the boundaries can be
changed by clicking on a boundary and dragging it further up or down in the list.
NOTE: Excitations will always take the highest precedence.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Technical Definition of Boundary Conditions

Excitation – An excitation is a type of boundary condition that permits energy to
flow into and out of a structure. See the section on Excitations.
Perfect E – Perfect E is a perfect electrical conductor, also referred to as a perfect

conductor. This type of boundary forces the electric field (E-Field) perpendicular
to the surface. There are also two automatic Perfect E assignments:
Any object surface that touches the background is automatically defined to
be a Perfect E boundary and given the boundary condition name outer.
Any object that is assigned the material pec (Perfect Electric Conductor) is
automatically assigned the boundary condition Perfect E to its surface and
given the boundary condition name smetal.
Perfect H – Perfect H is a perfect magnetic conductor. Forces E-Field tangential

to the surface.
Natural – for a Perfect H boundary that overlaps with a perfect E boundary,
this reverts the selected area to its original material, erasing the Perfect E
boundary condition. It does not affect any material assignments. It can be
used, for example, to model a cut-out in a ground plane for a coax feed.
Finite Conductivity –A Finite Conductivity boundary enables you to define the

surface of an object as a lossy (imperfect) conductor. It is an imperfect E
boundary condition, and is analogous to the lossy metal material definition. To
model a lossy surface, you provide loss in Siemens/meter and permeability
parameters. Loss is calculated as a function of frequency. It is only valid for
good conductors. Forces the tangential E-Field equal to Zs(n x Htan). The
surface impedance (Zs) is equal to, (1+j)/(δσ), where:
δ is the skin depth, (2/(ωσμ))0.5 of the conductor being modeled
ω is the frequency of the excitation wave.
σ is the conductivity of the conductor
μ is the permeability of the conductor

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Technical Definition of Boundary Conditions (Continued)

Impedance – a resistive surface that calculates the field behavior and losses
using analytical formulas. Forces the tangential E-Field equal to Zs(n x Htan).
The surface impedance is equal to Rs + jXs, where:
Rs is the resistance in ohms/square
Xs is the reactance in ohms/square
Layered Impedance – Multiple thin layers in a structure can be modeled as an

impedance surface. See the Online Help for additional information on how to use
the Layered Impedance boundary.
Lumped RLC – a parallel combination of lumped resistor, inductor, and/or

capacitor surface. The simulation is similar to the Impedance boundary, but the
software calculate the ohms/square using the user supplied R, L, C values.
Infinite Ground Plane – Generally, the ground plane is treated as an infinite,

Perfect E, Finite Conductivity, or Impedance boundary condition. If radiation
boundaries are used in a structure, the ground plane acts as a shield for far-field
energy, preventing waves from propagating past the ground plane. to simulate
the effect of an infinite ground plane, check the Infinite ground plane box when
defining a Perfect E, Finite Conductivity, or Impedance boundary condition.
NOTE: Enabling the Infinite Ground Plane approximation ONLY affects post-
processed far-field radiation patterns. It will not change the current flowing on the
ground plane.
Radiation – Radiation boundaries, also referred to as absorbing boundaries,

enable you to model a surface as electrically open: waves can then radiate out of
the structure and toward the radiation boundary. The system absorbs the wave at
the radiation boundary, essentially ballooning the boundary infinitely far away
from the structure and into space. Radiation boundaries may also be placed
relatively close to a structure and can be arbitrarily shaped. This condition
eliminates the need for a spherical boundary. For structures that include radiation
boundaries, calculated S-parameters include the effects of radiation loss. When
a radiation boundary is included in a structure, far-field calculations are
performed as part of the simulation.

1.1
Boundary Conditions

Symmetry - represent perfect E or perfect H planes of symmetry. Symmetry
boundaries enable you to model only part of a structure, which reduces the size
or complexity of your design, thereby shortening the solution time. Symmetry
boundaries, as opposed to a simple Perfect E or H plane, should be used when
the plane cuts across a port. In this instance, the port has a different amount of
power, voltage, and current associated with it, and thus a different impedance. To
make a port with a symmetry plane look like a full-sized port, you must use the
Impedance Multiplier in the boundary wizard.
For a single Symmetry H boundary, the Impedance Multiplier is 0.5.
For a single Symmetry E boundary, the Impedance Multiplier is 2.
Other considerations for a Symmetry boundary condition:
A plane of symmetry must be exposed to the background.
A plane of symmetry must not cut through an object drawn in the 3D
Modeler window.
A plane of symmetry must be defined on a planar surface.
Only three orthogonal symmetry planes can be defined in a problem
Master / Slave - Master and slave boundaries enable you to model planes of
periodicity where the E-field on one surface matches the E-field on another to
within a phase difference. They force the E-field at each point on the slave
boundary match the E-field to within a phase difference at each corresponding
point on the master boundary. They are useful for simulating devices such as
infinite arrays. Some considerations for Master/Slave boundaries:
They can only be assigned to planar surfaces.
The geometry of the surface on one boundary must match the geometry
on the surface of the other boundary.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Boundary Conditions
This chapter describes the basics for applying boundary conditions. Boundary
conditions enable you to control the characteristics of planes, faces, or interfaces
between objects. Boundary conditions are important to understand and are
fundamental to solution of Maxwell’s equations.
Why they are Important

The field equations that are solved by Ansoft Maxwell 3D are derived from the
differential form of Maxwell’s Equations. For these expressions to be valid, it is
assumed that the field vectors are single-valued, bounded, and have continuous
distribution along with their derivatives. Along boundaries or sources, the fields
are discontinuous and the derivatives have no meaning. Therefore boundary
conditions define the field behavior across discontinuous boundaries.
As a user of Ansoft Maxwell 3D you should be aware of the field assumptions
made by boundary conditions. Since boundary conditions force a field behavior
we want to be aware of the assumptions so we can determine if they are
appropriate for the simulation. Improper use of boundary conditions may lead to
inconsistent results.
When used properly, boundary conditions can be successfully utilized to reduce
the model complexity. In fact, Ansoft Maxwell 3D automatically uses boundary
conditions to reduce the complexity of the model. Ansoft Maxwell 3D can be
thought of as a virtual prototyping world. Unlike the real world which is bounded
by infinite space, the virtual prototyping world needs to be made finite. In order to
achieve this finite space, Ansoft Maxwell 3D applies a background or outer
boundary condition which is applied to the region surrounding the geometric
model.
The model complexity usually is directly tied to the solution time and computer
resources so it is a competitive advantage to utilize them whenever possible.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Common Boundary Conditions

There are three types of boundary conditions. The first two are largely the users
responsibility to define them or ensure that they are defined correctly. The
material boundary conditions are transparent to the user.
1. Excitations
Wave Ports (External)

Lumped Ports (Internal)
2. Surface Approximations
Symmetry Planes
Perfect Electric or Magnetic Surfaces
Radiation Surfaces
Background or Outer Surface
3. Material Properties
Boundary between two dielectrics

Finite Conductivity of a conductor

1.1
Boundary Conditions
How the Background Affects a Structure

The background is the region that surrounds the geometric model and fills any
space that is not occupied by an object. Any object surface that touches the
background is automatically defined to be a Perfect E boundary and given the
boundary name outer. You can think of your structure as being encased with a
thin, perfect conductor.
If it is necessary, you can change a surface that is exposed to the background to

have properties that are different from outer:
To model losses in a surface, you can redefine the surface to be either a
Finite Conductivity or Impedance boundary. A Finite Conductivity
boundary can be a lossy metal, with loss as a function of frequency and
defined using conductivity and relative permeability parameters. An
Impedance boundary has real or complex values that by default remain
constant over frequency.
To model a surface to allow waves to radiate infinitely far into space,
redefine the surface to be radiation boundary.
The background can affect how you make material assignments. For example, if
you are modeling a simple air-filled rectangular waveguide, you can create a
single object in the shape of the waveguide and define it to have the
characteristics of air. The surface of the waveguide is automatically assumed to
be a perfect conductor and given the boundary condition outer, or you can
change it to a lossy conductor.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Boundary Condition Precedence

The order in which boundaries are assigned is important in Maxwell 3D. Latter
assigned boundaries take precedence over former assigned boundaries.
For example, if one face of an object is assigned to a Natural boundary, and a
boundary in the same plane as this surface is assigned a Tangential H-Field
boundary, then the Tangential H-Field will override the Natural in the area of the
overlap. If this operation were performed in the reverse order, then the Tangential
H-Field boundary would cover the Natural boundary.
Once boundaries have been assigned, they can be re-prioritized by selecting
Maxwell > Boundaries > Re-prioritize. The order of the boundaries can be
changed by clicking on a boundary and dragging it further up or down in the list.
NOTE: Excitations will always take the highest precedence.

1.1
Boundary Conditions
Technical Definition of Boundary Conditions

Excitation – An excitation is a type of boundary condition that permits energy to
flow into and out of a structure. See the section on Excitations.
Perfect E – Perfect E is a perfect electrical conductor, also referred to as a perfect

conductor. This type of boundary forces the electric field (E-Field) perpendicular
to the surface. There are also two automatic Perfect E assignments:
Any object surface that touches the background is automatically defined to
be a Perfect E boundary and given the boundary condition name outer.
Any object that is assigned the material pec (Perfect Electric Conductor) is
automatically assigned the boundary condition Perfect E to its surface and
given the boundary condition name smetal.
Perfect H – Perfect H is a perfect magnetic conductor. Forces E-Field tangential

to the surface.
Natural – for a Perfect H boundary that overlaps with a perfect E boundary,
this reverts the selected area to its original material, erasing the Perfect E
boundary condition. It does not affect any material assignments. It can be
used, for example, to model a cut-out in a ground plane for a coax feed.
Finite Conductivity –A Finite Conductivity boundary enables you to define the

surface of an object as a lossy (imperfect) conductor. It is an imperfect E
boundary condition, and is analogous to the lossy metal material definition. To
model a lossy surface, you provide loss in Siemens/meter and permeability
parameters. Loss is calculated as a function of frequency. It is only valid for
good conductors. Forces the tangential E-Field equal to Zs(n x Htan). The
surface impedance (Zs) is equal to, (1+j)/(δσ), where:
δ is the skin depth, (2/(ωσμ))0.5 of the conductor being modeled
ω is the frequency of the excitation wave.
σ is the conductivity of the conductor
μ is the permeability of the conductor

1.1
Boundary Conditions

Impedance – a resistive surface that calculates the field behavior and losses
using analytical formulas. Forces the tangential E-Field equal to Zs(n x Htan).
The surface impedance is equal to Rs + jXs, where:
Rs is the resistance in ohms/square
Xs is the reactance in ohms/square
Layered Impedance – Multiple thin layers in a structure can be modeled as an

impedance surface. See the Online Help for additional information on how to use
the Layered Impedance boundary.
Lumped RLC – a parallel combination of lumped resistor, inductor, and/or

capacitor surface. The simulation is similar to the Impedance boundary, but the
software calculate the ohms/square using the user supplied R, L, C values.
Infinite Ground Plane – Generally, the ground plane is treated as an infinite,

Perfect E, Finite Conductivity, or Impedance boundary condition. If radiation
boundaries are used in a structure, the ground plane acts as a shield for far-field
energy, preventing waves from propagating past the ground plane. to simulate
the effect of an infinite ground plane, check the Infinite ground plane box when
defining a Perfect E, Finite Conductivity, or Impedance boundary condition.
NOTE: Enabling the Infinite Ground Plane approximation ONLY affects post-
processed far-field radiation patterns. It will not change the current flowing on the
ground plane.
Radiation – Radiation boundaries, also referred to as absorbing boundaries,

enable you to model a surface as electrically open: waves can then radiate out of
the structure and toward the radiation boundary. The system absorbs the wave at
the radiation boundary, essentially ballooning the boundary infinitely far away
from the structure and into space. Radiation boundaries may also be placed
relatively close to a structure and can be arbitrarily shaped. This condition
eliminates the need for a spherical boundary. For structures that include radiation
boundaries, calculated S-parameters include the effects of radiation loss. When
a radiation boundary is included in a structure, far-field calculations are
performed as part of the simulation.

1.1
Boundary Conditions

Symmetry - represent perfect E or perfect H planes of symmetry. Symmetry
boundaries enable you to model only part of a structure, which reduces the size
or complexity of your design, thereby shortening the solution time. Symmetry
boundaries, as opposed to a simple Perfect E or H plane, should be used when
the plane cuts across a port. In this instance, the port has a different amount of
power, voltage, and current associated with it, and thus a different impedance. To
make a port with a symmetry plane look like a full-sized port, you must use the
Impedance Multiplier in the boundary wizard.
For a single Symmetry H boundary, the Impedance Multiplier is 0.5.
For a single Symmetry E boundary, the Impedance Multiplier is 2.
Other considerations for a Symmetry boundary condition:
A plane of symmetry must be exposed to the background.
A plane of symmetry must not cut through an object drawn in the 3D
Modeler window.
A plane of symmetry must be defined on a planar surface.
Only three orthogonal symmetry planes can be defined in a problem
Master / Slave - Master and slave boundaries enable you to model planes of
periodicity where the E-field on one surface matches the E-field on another to
within a phase difference. They force the E-field at each point on the slave
boundary match the E-field to within a phase difference at each corresponding
point on the master boundary. They are useful for simulating devices such as
infinite arrays. Some considerations for Master/Slave boundaries:
They can only be assigned to planar surfaces.
The geometry of the surface on one boundary must match the geometry
on the surface of the other boundary.

Examples - Contents
Chapter 5.0 – Magnetostatic Examples

5.1 – Magnetic Force
5.2 – Nonlinear Inductor
5.3 – Switched Reluctance Motor (Stranded Conductors)
5.4 – Equivalent Circuit Extraction (ECE) Linear Movement
5.5 – Anisotropic Materials
Chapter 6.0 – Eddy Current Examples

6.1 – Asymmetrical Conductor with a Hole
Chapter 7.0 – Transient Examples

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide

Chapter 5.0
Chapter 5.0 – Magnetostatic Examples

5.1 – Magnetic Force
5.2 – Nonlinear Inductor
5.4 – Equivalent Circuit Extraction (ECE) Linear Movement
5.5 – Anisotropic Materials

5.1
Example (Magnetostatic) – Magnetic Force
Magnetic Force
This example is intended to show you how to create and analyze a
magnetostatic problem with a permanent magnet to determine the force
exerted on a steel bar using the Magnetostatic solver in the Ansoft Maxwell
3D Design Environment.

5.1
Ansoft Maxwell Design Environment

The following features of the Ansoft Maxwell Design Environment are used to
create the models covered in this topic
3D Solid Modeling
Primitives: Box
Surface Operations: Section
Boolean Operations: Subtract, Unite, Separate Bodies
Boundaries/Excitations
Current: Stranded
Analysis
Magnetostatic
Results
Force
Field Overlays:
Vector B

5.1
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell
1. To access Maxwell, click the Microsoft Start button, select Programs, and select
Ansoft and then Maxwell 11.
Setting Tool Options

To set the tool options:
Note: In order to follow the steps outlined in this example, verify that the
following tool options are set :
1. Select the menu item Tools > Options > Maxwell Options
2. Maxwell Options Window:
1. Click the General Options tab
Use Wizards for data entry when creating new boundaries: ;

Checked
Duplicate boundaries with geometry: ; Checked
3. Select the menu item Tools > Options > 3D Modeler Options.
4. 3D Modeler Options Window:
1. Click the Operation tab
Automatically cover closed polylines: ; Checked

2. Click the Drawing tab
Edit property of new primitives: ; Checked


5.1
Opening a New Project

In an Ansoft Maxwell window, click the On the Standard toolbar, or
select the menu item File > New.
From the Project menu, select Insert Maxwell Design.
Set Solution Type

Select the menu item Maxwell > Solution Type
Solution Type Window:
Choose Magnetostatic
Click the OK button

5.1
Creating the 3D Model
Set Model Units

To set the units:
1. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Units
2. Set Model Units:
1. Select Units: mm
Set Default Material

To set the default material:
1. Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose Select
2. Select Definition Window:
1. Type steel_1008 in the Search by Name field

5.1
Create Core
To create a box:
1. Select the menu item Draw > Box
2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the box position
X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: -5.0, Press the Enter key

3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the opposite corner of the box:
dX: 10.0, dY: -30.0, dZ: 10.0, Press the Enter key
To fit the view:
1. Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View.
Duplicate Box:
1. Select the menu item Edit > Duplicate Along Line
2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the first point
X: 0.0, Y: 0.0, Z: 0.0, Press the Enter key

3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the second point
dX: 30.0, dY: 0.0, dZ: 10.0, Press the Enter key
4. Duplicate Along Line Window
1. Total Number: 2
To create the core:

X: 0.0, Y: -30.0, Z: -5.0, Press the Enter key

To set the name:
1. Select the Attribute tab from the Properties window.
2. For the Value of Name type: Core
To fit the view:


5.1
Group the Core

To select the objects
1. Select the menu item Edit > Select All
2. Select the menu item, 3D Modeler > Boolean > Unite
To fit the view:

Duplicate the Core

1. Select the menu item, Edit > Duplicate Mirror
2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the first point

3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the normal point
To fit the view:
Group the Core

2. Select the menu item, 3D Modeler > Boolean > Unite
To fit the view:


5.1
Create Bar
To create the bar:

To parameterize the object:
1. Select the Command tab from the Properties window
2. For Position, type: 50mm+mx, -40,0, -5,0, Click the Tab key to accept
Add Variable mx: 1mm, Click the OK button

To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: Bar
To fit the view:


1. Type copper in the Search by Name field

5.1
Create Coil
To create the coil:

dX: -20.0, dY: -60.0, dZ: -20.0, Press the Enter key
To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: coil
To select the object for subtract

1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name
2. Select Object Dialog,
1. Select the objects named: Coil, Core
To complete the coil:

1. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Boolean > Subtract
2. Subtract Window
1. Blank Parts: Coil
2. Tool Parts: Core
3. Clone tool objects before subtracting: ; Checked
To fit the view:

Insulate Coil
To assign a boundary
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Boundaries > Assign > Insulating
2. Insulating Boundary
1. Name: Insulating1

5.1
Create Excitation
Section Object
1. Select the menu item Edit > Surface > Section
1. Section Plane: XY
Separate Bodies
1. Select the menu item Edit > Boolean > Separate Bodies
Assign Excitation
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Assign > Current
2. Current Excitation : General
1. Name: Current1
2. Value: c1
3. Type: Stranded
4. Current Direction: positive Z direction. (Use Swap Direction button)
4. Add Variable Window
1. Value: 100A
Calculate Force
To select the object
Select Object Dialog,
Select the objects named: Bar
Click the OK button
Calculate Force
Select the menu item Maxwell > Parameters > Assign > Force
Click the OK button

5.1

1. Type NdFe35 in the Search by Name field
Create Magnet
To create the magnet:

To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: Magnet

1. Select the objects named: Magnet, Core
To complete the magnet:

2. Subtract Window
1. Blank Parts: Core
2. Tool Parts: Magnet
3. Clone tool objects before subtracting: ; Checked
To fit the view:


5.1
Orient Magnet
Note: By default all of the magentic material in the material libaray are oriented in
the x-direction. Using a local coordinate system (CS) we can correct the orientation
of the geometry to align with the material definition.
To create rotated CS:
1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > Faces
2. Using the mouse, graphically select the top face of the Magnet
3. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Coordinate System > Create > Face CS
4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the origin

5. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the axis:
Change Properties
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > List
2. Design List Window
1. From the list, select row: Magnet
2. Click the Properties button
3. Properties Window
1. Orientation: FaceCS1
4. Click the Done button

5.1

1. Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose vacuum
Define a Region
To define a Region:
1. Select the menu item Draw > Region
1. Padding Date: One
2. Padding Percentage: 50

5.1
Analysis Setup
Creating an Analysis Setup

To create an analysis setup:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup
2. Solution Setup Window:
Save Project
To save the project:
1. In an Ansoft Maxwell window, select the menu item File > Save As.
2. From the Save As window, type the Filename: maxwell_ms_magforce
3. Click the Save button
Analyze
Model Validation
To validate the model:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Validation Check
2. Click the Close button
Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the Message

Manager.
Analyze
To start the solution process:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Analyze All

5.1
Solution Data
To view the Solution Data:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Solution Data
To view the Profile:

1. Click the Profile Tab.
To view the Convergence:

1. Click the Convergence Tab
Note: The default view is for convergence is Table. Select

the Plot radio button to view a graphical representations of
the convergence data.
To view the Solutions:
1. Click the Solutions Tab

5.1
Optimetrics Setup – Parametric Sweep

During the design of a device, it is common practice to develop design trends
based on swept parameters. Ansoft Maxwell 3D with Optimetrics Parametric
Sweep can automatically create these design curves.
Add a Parametric Sweep

1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Optimetrics Analysis > Add Parametric
2. Setup Sweep Analysis Window:
1. Click the Sweep Definitions tab:
1. Click the Add button
2. Add/Edit Sweep Dialog
1. Select Variable: c1
2. Select Linear Count
3. Start: 0A
4. Stop: 500A
5. Step: 100
2. Click the Options tab:
1. Save Fields and Mesh: ; Checked
Analyze Parametric Sweep

1. Expand the Project Tree to display the items listed under Optimetrics
2. Right-click the mouse on ParametricSetup1 and choose Analyze
Optimetrics Results
To view the Optimetrics Results:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell> Optimetrics Analysis > Optimetrics Results
2. Select the Profile Tab to view the solution progress for each setup.
3. Click the Close button when you are finished viewing the results

5.1
Create Plot of Force at each Current

To create a report:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Create Report
2. Create Report Window:
1. Report Type: Magnetostatic
2. Display Type: Rectangular Plot
3. Traces Window:
1. Solution: Setup1: Force
2. Click the Sweeps tab
1. Select Sweep Design and Project variable values
2. Make sure that c1 is selected as the primary sweep
3. Click the Y tab
1. Category: Force
2. Quantity: Force_x
3. Function: <none>
4. Click the Add Trace button

5.2
Example (Magnetostatic) – Nonlinear Inductor
The implementation and application of Nonlinear Inductor when

using the Magnetostatic Solver
The nonlinear inductance is calculated by Maxwell.

5.2

3D Solid Modeling
Primitives: Rectangular Box
Surface Operations: Draw Rectangle
Boolean Operations: Subtract
Current: Stranded
Analysis
Magnetostatic
Results
Inductance Matrix
Field Overlays:
Flux Density Mapping

5.2
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell


Checked



5.2

1. In an Maxwell window, click the On the Standard toolbar, or select
the menu item File > New.
2. Select the menu item Project > Insert Maxwell Design, or click on the
icon
Set Solution Type

Select the menu item: Maxwell > Solution Type > Magnetostatic, or right
mouse click on MaxwellDesign1 and select Solution Type …
Creating the 3D Model of a Nonlinear Inductor

The example that will be used to demonstrate how to model the Nonlinear
Inductor. By using 2 independent windings, we can observe the self
inductance and mutual inductance. The inductance varies regard to the
saturation level of the operation.
Set Model Units
Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Units > Select Units: mm (millimeters)

5.2
Create the Core:

Box is used to create the core:
Draw > Box
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the corner of the box
X: 0, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the size of the box
dX: 10, dY: 10, dZ: 10, Press the Enter key
OK
The name of box is box1
Draw > Box
OK
Draw > Box
OK
Hold Ctrl key and Select: Box1, Box2, Box3
3D Modeler>Boolean>Subtract…
OK
The object name is Box1 since Box1 was selected first.
Click on the just created object in the drawing window and in the panel on
the left change its name from Box1 to Core.
Change the Material from vacuum to Steel_1010.
Change the Color from Gray to Blue

5.2
Create the Coils and Terminals:

Box is used to create the coil:
Draw > Box
X: -2, Y: 2, Z: 2, Press the Enter key
OK
Draw > Box
OK
Hold Ctrl key and Select: Box4, Box5
3D Modeler>Boolean₩>Subtract
OK
the left change its name from Box4 to CoilBottom.
Change the Material from vacuum to Copper.
Change the Color from Gray to Yellow.
Change the Transparent 0 to 0.1
Draw > Rectangle
Change the Draw plane from XY to XZ
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the corner of the rectangle
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the size of the rectangle
OK
The name of rectangle is Rectangle1
Click on the just created object in the drawing window and in the
panel on the left change its name from Rectangle1 to
TerminalBottom..

5.2

Select : CoilBottom, TerminalBottom
Edit>Duplicate>Along Line
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the first point of duplicate vector.
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the second point of duplicate vector.
OK
panel on the left change its name from TerminalBottom_1 to
TerminalTop.
panel on the left change its name from CoilBottom_1 to CoilTop.

5.2
Create the problem Region

One of the main differences between Maxwell V10 and V11 is that a Background Region is not
automatically created when a project is started. A separate object needs to be specifically
created.
Create a rectangular region that has the same shape as the Nonlinear Inductor by selecting the
menu item Draw > Region
Padding Percentage: 200

Ok
Ok

5.2
Assign Current Source to the Terminals

Select TerminalBottom.
Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Assign > Current
1. Change the Name to CurrentBottom
2. Change the value to 100 Amps
3. Change the type to Stranded
4. Ok

5.2

Select TerminalTop.
1. Change the Name to CurrentTop
4. Ok

5.2
Add Inductance Matrix Calculation

On the Project Window, Right Click Parameters.
Assign > Matrix…
1. Check CurrentTop and CurrentBottom

5.2
Create an Analysis Setup

Select the menu item Maxwell > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup
Select General and change the Percent Error from 1 to 2
Select Convergence and change the Refinement Per Pass from 30 to 20

5.2
Save the Project

Select the menu item File > Save As
From the Save As window, type in NonlinearInductance.
Click on the Save button
Check the Validity of the Model

Select the menu item Maxwell > Validation Check, or click on the icon
The problem won’t solve unless each object has a check mark.
Analyze
Select the menu item Maxwell > Analyze, or click on the icon

5.2
Solution Data
To view the Solution Data, select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Solution
Data
Here you can view the Profile and the Convergence. Note: The default view is for
convergence is Table. Select the Plot radio button to view a graphical
representations of the convergence data.

5.2
Observe the Inductance Matrix

Maxwell > Results> Solution Data…

5.2
Plot Flux Density on Core Cross section

To plot the flux density on the core cross section, a new coordinate system is needed.
Here are the steps to create:
3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Relative CS>Offset
Using the coordinate entry field, enter the position of the new coordinates:
The name of new Coordinate is RelativeCS1
Select the plot plane: Planes>RelativeCS1:XY
Right mouse click: Field Overlays > Fields > B> Mag _B.
From the plot, we can see the flux density on core is around 1.86 Telsla. It is close to the
saturation point of Steel_1010.
If we drive the inductor with much lower current, the operating point will be in the linear area. Then
the inductance will be much higher than the inductance with operating point close to saturation
point.

5.2
Create a new project

Right Click on Project MaxwellDesign1> Copy
Click on NonlinearInductance>Paste.
A new project named MaxwellDesign2 is created.
Click Excitations: CurrentBottom, Change Current from 100 A to 1 A.
Click Excitations: CurrentTop, Change Current from 100 A to 1 A.
Right Click on Parameters>Assign>Matrix…
Check CurrentTop and CurrentBottom

5.2
Run the new project and Observe the Inductance Matrix

Click on Analysis>Setup1
Right Click on Setup1: Analyze.
The simulation run and stop.
We can see the inductance is much higher than the previous simulation.

5.2

From the plot, we can see the flux density on core is around 0.086 Telsla. It is working on the
linear area of Steel_1010.

5.2
The implementation and application of Nonlinear Inductor when

using the Magnetostatic Solver
The nonlinear inductance is calculated by Maxwell.

5.2

3D Solid Modeling
Primitives: Rectangular Box
Surface Operations: Draw Rectangle
Boolean Operations: Subtract
Current: Stranded
Analysis
Magnetostatic
Results
Inductance Matrix
Field Overlays:
Flux Density Mapping

5.2
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell


Checked



5.2

1. In an Maxwell window, click the On the Standard toolbar, or select
the menu item File > New.
icon
Set Solution Type

Select the menu item: Maxwell > Solution Type > Magnetostatic, or right
mouse click on MaxwellDesign1 and select Solution Type …
Creating the 3D Model of a Nonlinear Inductor

The example that will be used to demonstrate how to model the Nonlinear
Inductor. By using 2 independent windings, we can observe the self
inductance and mutual inductance. The inductance varies regard to the
saturation level of the operation.
Set Model Units

5.2
Create the Core:

Box is used to create the core:
Draw > Box
OK
Draw > Box
OK
Draw > Box
OK
Hold Ctrl key and Select: Box1, Box2, Box3
3D Modeler>Boolean>Subtract…
OK
the left change its name from Box1 to Core.
Change the Color from Gray to Blue

5.2

Box is used to create the coil:
Draw > Box
OK
Draw > Box
OK
Hold Ctrl key and Select: Box4, Box5
3D Modeler>Boolean₩>Subtract
OK
the left change its name from Box4 to CoilBottom.
Change the Material from vacuum to Copper.
Change the Color from Gray to Yellow.
Change the Transparent 0 to 0.1
Draw > Rectangle
Change the Draw plane from XY to XZ
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the corner of the rectangle
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the size of the rectangle
OK
The name of rectangle is Rectangle1
panel on the left change its name from Rectangle1 to
TerminalBottom..

5.2

Select : CoilBottom, TerminalBottom
Edit>Duplicate>Along Line
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the first point of duplicate vector.
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the second point of duplicate vector.
OK
panel on the left change its name from TerminalBottom_1 to
TerminalTop.
panel on the left change its name from CoilBottom_1 to CoilTop.

5.2

One of the main differences between Maxwell V10 and V11 is that a Background Region is not
automatically created when a project is started. A separate object needs to be specifically
created.
Create a rectangular region that has the same shape as the Nonlinear Inductor by selecting the
menu item Draw > Region
Padding Percentage: 200

Ok
Ok

5.2

Select TerminalBottom.
1. Change the Name to CurrentBottom
4. Ok

5.2

Select TerminalTop.
1. Change the Name to CurrentTop
4. Ok

5.2
Add Inductance Matrix Calculation

On the Project Window, Right Click Parameters.
Assign > Matrix…
1. Check CurrentTop and CurrentBottom

5.2


5.2
Save the Project

From the Save As window, type in NonlinearInductance.

Analyze

5.2
Solution Data
Data
Here you can view the Profile and the Convergence. Note: The default view is for
convergence is Table. Select the Plot radio button to view a graphical
representations of the convergence data.

5.2
Observe the Inductance Matrix


5.2

To plot the flux density on the core cross section, a new coordinate system is needed.
Here are the steps to create:
3D Modeler>Coordinate System>Create>Relative CS>Offset
Using the coordinate entry field, enter the position of the new coordinates:
The name of new Coordinate is RelativeCS1
From the plot, we can see the flux density on core is around 1.86 Telsla. It is close to the
saturation point of Steel_1010.
If we drive the inductor with much lower current, the operating point will be in the linear area. Then
the inductance will be much higher than the inductance with operating point close to saturation
point.

5.2
Create a new project

Right Click on Project MaxwellDesign1> Copy
Click on NonlinearInductance>Paste.
A new project named MaxwellDesign2 is created.
Click Excitations: CurrentBottom, Change Current from 100 A to 1 A.
Click Excitations: CurrentTop, Change Current from 100 A to 1 A.
Right Click on Parameters>Assign>Matrix…
Check CurrentTop and CurrentBottom

5.2
Run the new project and Observe the Inductance Matrix

Click on Analysis>Setup1
Right Click on Setup1: Analyze.
The simulation run and stop.
We can see the inductance is much higher than the previous simulation.

5.2

From the plot, we can see the flux density on core is around 0.086 Telsla. It is working on the
linear area of Steel_1010.

5.3
Example (Magnetostatic) – Switched Reluctance Motor
Switched Reluctance Motor

This example is intended to show you how to create and analyze a
magnetostatic problem with stranded conductors on a Switched Reluctance
Motor geometry using Magnetostatic solver in the Ansoft Maxwell 3D Design
Environment.
Within the Maxwell 3D Design Environment, solid coils can be modeled as
Stranded Conductors. There are many advantages to using Stranded
Conductors when modeling coils that have multiple turns. The first obvious
advantage is that a coil with multiple wires, say 2500, can be modeled as a
single object as opposed to modeling each wire which would be
impracticable. Defining a Stranded Conductor means that the current
density will be uniform throughout the cross section of the conductor.
The example that will be used to demonstrate how Stranded Conductors are
implemented in a switched Reluctance Motor. This switched reluctance
motor will have four phases and two coils per phase..
Eddy Current Solver: There is no fundamental difference between how

stranded conductors are treated in the Eddy Current solver as compared to
the Magnetostatic Solver. When using the Eddy Current Solver and
specifying Stranded for the terminal excitation the Eddy Effect is
automatically turned off.
Transient Solver: See Example 7.1 for setup instructions for this design.

5.3
Theory – Magnetostatic Solver

When using the Magnetostatic Solver, with a Stranded Current Source, the solver
assumes the following conditions:
1. The current density is uniformly distributed over the cross section of the
terminal
2. The direction of the current is indicated by the arrow as seen on the
terminal. Change the direction of the current by clicking on Swap Direction
in the Current Excitation window to reverse the flow.
3. The solver does not know how many turns are represented by the coil, thus
the value of current that is being applied represents the total ampere-turns.
For this example, the value 3570 could represent any of the following:
1. 25 amps at 150 turns
or any such combination that produces a value of 3750 ampere-turns. The

ration of amp to turns does not impact the magnetics, although it does
impact the inductance. Please refer to the overview for details of the
inductance calculation.

5.3
Theory – Magnetostatic Solver (Continued)

The ampere-turn value used to define the current source is used to calculate the
current density which is the initial condition used by the solver according to the
equation:
I ∧
J= n
S
Where: I is the total current in ampere-turns
S
∧
is the area of the terminal in m2
n is the unit normal direction
J is the Current Density vector in A/m2
The path of the current is determined by the conduction path. Select the menu
item Maxwell > Excitations > Conduction Paths to view the conduction path, and
verify that the conduction path is correct. In this example, if any of the coils
touched the stator, then this would constitute a separate conduction path since
the material properties of the stator has a conductivity value 2e6 siemens/meter;
to solve this problem an insulation boundary will need to be applied to the coils or
stator; please refer to the overview section for details on insulation boundaries.
Although the Magnetostatic solver uses the current density vector J as the initial
condition, it does not solve for J directly as part of the output solution matrix. The
quantity that the Magnetostatic solver directly calculates is the magnetic field
intensity H. From H, the current density J in any conductor is derived by:
J =∇× H

5.3

3D Solid Modeling
User Defined Primitives (UDP): Switched Reluctance Motor
Primitives: Regular Polyhedron
Boolean Operations: Separate Bodies
Current: Stranded
Analysis
Magnetostatic
Results
Field Calculator
Field Overlays:
Magnitude B

5.3
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell


Checked



5.3

Set Solution Type

Choose Magnetostatic
Click the OK button

5.3
Set Model Units

To set the units:
2. Set Model Units:
1. Select Units: mm

1. Type iron in the Search by Name field

5.3
Create Rotor
To create the rotor:
1. Select the menu item Draw > User Defined Primitive > Syslib > Rmxprt >
SRMCore
2. From the Create User Defined Primitive dialog
1. For the value of DiaGap, type: 70, Click the Tab key to accept
2. For the value of DiaYoke, type: 30, Click the Tab key to accept
3. For the value of Length, type: 65, Click the Tab key to accept
4. For the value of Poles, type: 6, Click the Tab key to accept
5. For the value of ThkYoke, type: 9, Click the Tab key to accept
6. For the value of Embrace, type: 0.5, Click the Tab key to accept
7. For the value of EndExt, type: 0, Click the Tab key to accept
8. For the value of InfoCore, type: 0, Click the Tab key to accept
To set the name:

2. For the Value of Name type: Rotor
To fit the view:


5.3
Create Stator and Coils:

To create the Stator and Coils
SRMCore
To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: Stator
To fit the view:
Ungroup the Stator and Coils

To separate bodies
1. Select the objects named: Stator
3. Select the menu item, 3D Modeler > Boolean > Separate Bodies
Process the Coils:

Select Coils
1. Select the objects named: Stator_2, Stator_3, Stator_4, Stator_5,
Stator_6, Stator_7, Stator_8
Delete Coils
1. Select the menu item Edit > Delete

5.3
Create Terminals
Section Coils
1. Select the objects named: Stator_1
Section Object
Separate Bodies
Delete
Section Coils
1. Select the objects named: Section1
Assign Excitation
1. Name: Current1
2. Value: 3750 A
3. Type: Stranded
Verify Duplicate Boundary Option is Set

Section To set the tool options:

5.3
Change Properties
Change Properties
1. From the list, select row: Stator_1
1. Name: Coil
2. Material: copper
4. From the list, select row: Section1
1. Name: Terminal
Duplicate Coil and Terminal

To select objects
1. Select the objects named: Coil, Terminal
To duplicate the objects:

1. Select the menu item, Edit > Duplicate > Around Axis
2. Duplicate Around Axis Window
1. Axis: Z
2. Angle: 45deg
3. Total Number: 8
Project Tree: Eight Excitations

5.3
Stator
Coil_D2
Coil_C2
Coil_B2
Coil_A1
Coil_B1
Coil_A2
Coil_C1
Coil_D1

5.3

Create Region
To create the region:
1. Select the menu item Draw > Regular Polyhedron
2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center position

3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius:
dX: 150.0 dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key
4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the height:
Segment Number Window
Number of Segments: 12
Click the OK button
To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: Region
3. Display Wireframe: ; Checked
To turn off the visibility:

1. Select the menu item View > Hide Selection > Active View
To fit the view:


5.3
Analysis Setup

1. Click the General tab:
Percent Error: 10
2. Click the Convergence tab:
Refinement Per Pass: 10 %

Save Project
2. From the Save As window, type the Filename: maxwell_ms_relmotor
Analyze
Model Validation

Manager.
Analyze

5.3
Solution Data
To view the Solution Data:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Solution Data
To view the Profile:

1. Click the Profile Tab.
To view the Convergence:

1. Click the Convergence Tab
Note: The default view is for convergence is Table. Select

the Plot radio button to view a graphical representations of
the convergence data.

5.3
Field Overlays
Create Field Overlay

To create a field plot:
1. Select stator and rotor
2. Press and hold the CTRL key and click on stator and rotor
2. Select the menu item Maxwell > Fields > Fields > B > Mag_B
3. Create Field Plot Window
1. Solution: Setup1 : LastAdaptive
2. Quantity: Mag_B
3. In Volume: All
4. Plot on Surface Only: ; Checked

5.3
Calculate Current
To use the field calculator
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Fields > Calculator
2. Select Quantity: J
3. Select Vector: Scal? > Scalar Z
4. Click the button Geometry
5. Geometry Window
1. Select the radio button Surface
2. From the list select: Terminal
6. Click the ∫ (Integrate) button
7. Click the Eval button
8. Click the Done button to close the calculator

5.4
Topic – ECE: Linear movement
Realization of an equivalent circuit extraction (ECE) of a

problem with linear movement.
The Electro Mechanical software package provided by Ansoft enables
system simulation as well as component simulation. Often, the results
of an in depth study of a magnetic component are needed in a top
level, system analysis.
With Maxwell, the results of a parametric analysis can be used to
generated an Equivalent Circuit that will be used into Simplorer. This
Equivalent Circuit is transmitted under the format of a Look up table
containing the sweep variables as well as the output variables.
This application note presents the extraction of an equivalent circuit
of a Linear Actuator. We will vary the air gap of the Armature (with the
stators) and the Input current in the Coil. The outputs will be the Force
and the inductance of the Coil. Our component in Simplorer will all 4
Terminals :
2 Electrical Terminals with the current and the EMF (the
Inductance of the Coil) as Through and Across quantities.
2 Mechanical Terminals with the Force and the air gap as
Through and Across quantities.

5.4

create the models covered in this topic:
3D Solid Modeling
Primitives: Box, Cylinder, Lines
Surface Operations: Section, Sweep Along Vector, Sweep along
Path
Boolean Operations: Separate Bodies, Subtract, Duplicate (Mirror)
Design Properties
Parameters: Design Parameters
Current: Stranded
Boundary: Insulating
Mesh Operations
Volume: Length Based
Executive Parameters
Force: Virtual Force
Matrix: Inductance
Output variables
From Executive Parameters
Analysis
Magnetostatic
Optimetrics Analysis
Parametric Sweep
Distributive Analysis
Results
Solutions Data
Equivalent Circuit Extraction
From Parametric: Linear Movement

5.4
Overview of the Study:
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell
Opening a new project
Set Solution Type
Creating the 3D Model of a Solenoid

Set Model Units
Create the Armature
Create the Stators
Create the Coil
Create the Band
Create the Coil Terminal
Separate the Grouped Terminals
Create the Problem Region
Assign Current Source to the Terminal
Assign Boundaries Conditions
Assign Executive Parameters
Assign Mesh Operations
Solve the Nominal Problem

Create an Analysis Set up
Save the Project
Analyze
Solution Data of the Nominal Problem

5.4
Overview of the Study (Continued)
Create Parametric Analysis

Assign Problem Parameters
Create Output Variables
Create Parametric Analysis Setup
Solve the Parametric Sweep

Solution Data of the Parametric Sweep
ECE from the Parametric Analysis
Create the circuit in Simplorer

Create the Schematic sheet in Simplorer
Create the graphical Displays in Simplorer
Create a Transient Analysis
Run the Analysis

5.4
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell


Checked



5.4

1. In an Maxwell window, click the On the Standard toolbar, or
2. Select the menu item Project > Insert Maxwell Design, or click
on the icon
Set Solution Type

Select the menu item: Maxwell > Solution Type > Magnetostatic, or
right mouse click on MaxwellDesign1 and select Solution Type …
Creating the 3D Model of a solenoid

The example that will be used to demonstrate how to generate an
equivalent circuit extraction with Maxwell. Then the importation into
SIMPLORER of the circuit will be described
Set Model Units

Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Units > Select Units: in (inches)

5.4
Create the Armature:

The armature is made of a box with a cylinder hole.
Create the armature . Select the Menu item Draw > Box or click on the
icon.
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the box position
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the relative size of the box
dX: -0.938, dY: -0.861, dZ: 0.112, Press the Enter key
Note: To create the box with the GUI, use the mouse to draw the box.
Note: In the case of a typo, the modification of the coordinates can be

made within the box.
Click on the created object in the panel on the left representing the object
tree. Change its name from Box1 to Armature.

5.4
Create the hole Draw > Cylinder or click on the icon.

1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the center of base

2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the coordinates of a external point of
the cylinder base
X: 0.091, Y: 0.0, Z:0.0, Press the Enter key
3. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the height
Note: To create the cylinder graphically, use the mouse to draw the
cylinder.
Select the objects Armature and Cylinder1 from the objects tree (maintain
the Ctrl key to select both objects).

5.4
Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Boolean > Subtract or click on the
icon.
Make sure to have Armature in the box Blank Parts and Cylinder1 in the
box Tool Parts. Use the arrows to exchange the objects if necessary.
Change the Material from vacuum to steel_1010.
Change the color to purple.

5.4
Create the Stators

The two stators are created using a polyline.
Create the polyline Draw > Line or click on the icon.
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the first point of the line

2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the second point of the line

3. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the next point of the line
X: 0.5025, Y: 0.168, Z:-0.803, Press the Enter key





X: 0.5025, Y: -0.5, Z:-0.98, Press the Enter key

X: 0.5025, Y: -0.5, Z:0.0, Press the Enter key


X: 0.5025, Y: -0.168, Z:-0.803, Press the Enter key


13. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the last point of the line
X: 0.5025, Y: 0.0, Z:0.0, Press the Enter key twice.

Change the name of the polyline from Polyline1 to base and leave the other
default parameters.
Note: If you happen to have an incorrect coordinate, you can modify any entry
from the model object tree, Lines > Base > CreatePolyline.

5.4
Create the Stators (Continued)

This base will be swept along a vector.
Select the object base from the objects tree.
Select the menu item Draw > Sweep > Along vector
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the first point of the vector
2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the last point of the vector
X: 0.091, Y: 0.0, Z:0.0, Press the Enter key.
Leave the Draft angle to 0 deg and change Draft type to Natural.
Change the name of the object to stator. Change the Material from vacuum to
steel_1010 and change the color to dark orange.

5.4
The second stator will be duplicated from Stator .

Select Stator from the objects tree.
Select the menu item Edit > Duplicate > Mirror or click on the icon
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the anchor point of mirror plane

2. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the target point of vector normal to
the mirror plane
X: -0.6, Y: 0.0, Z:0.0, Press the Enter key
After the operation, a window appears and recall the coordinates.

A new object Stator_1 has been created with the same material property and the
same color as Stator .

5.4
Create the Coil:

The coil is created using a base surface and sweeping the surface along a path.
Create the polyline Draw > Line or click on the icon.
X: 0.5025, Y: 0.168, Z:-0.803, Press the Enter key twice
Change the name of the polyline from Polyline1 to Basecoil and leave the other
default parameters.
Note: If you happen to have an incorrect coordinate, you can modify any entry
from the model’s Lines tree, Lines > Basecoil > CreatePolyline.
Create the path Draw > Line or click on the icon.
X: -0.5025, Y: 0.168, Z: -0.292, Press the Enter key
X: -0.55, Y: 0.168, Z: -0.292, Press the Enter key
X: -0.55, Y: -0.168, Z: -0.292, Press the Enter key
X: -0.5025, Y: -0.168, Z: -0.292, Press the Enter key
9. Using the coordinate entry field, enter thenext point of the line

5.4
X: 0.5025, Y: 0.168, Z:-0.803, Press the Enter key twice
Change the name of the polyline from Polyline1 to path and leave the other
default parameters.
Select the objects Basecoil and path from the objects tree.
Select the menu item Draw > Sweep > Along Path. Leave Twist Angle and Draft
Angle to 0. Make sure Draft type is selected to Natural.
Rename the object to Coil and assign Copper as material. Change the color in
blue.

5.4
Create the Band

In our study, the Armature will be moved up and down along the Z axis. It is
always a good idea to help the mesh creation by creating an air box object
around a object that will be moved (even if the project will be performed with the
Magnetostatic solver).
Create the air object Draw > Box or click on the icon. Use the values below
for the base coordinates and the size of the box.
Change the name of the object to Band. Also, change the Transparency from 0 to
1; this will keep the Region object displayed as a wire frame. Keep the material
as vacuum.

5.4
Create the Coil Terminal

A coil terminal needs to be created in order to assign the current excitation.
Select Coil from the objects tree.
Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Surface > Section > YZ Plane .
Separate the Grouped Terminals

The result of the Surface > Section command, yields two terminals that are
united. Since only one terminal is needed, the other terminal needs to be
deleted, but first they need to be separated.
Select the sheet object:
Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Boolean > Separate Bodies
There are now 2 separate terminals. Delete the second terminal and rename the
remaining object to Terminal.

5.4
Create the Problem Region

One of the main differences between Maxwell V10 and V11 is that a Background
Region is not automatically created when a project is started. A separate object
needs to be specifically created.
Create the region Draw > Region or select the icon
The Padding determines how far will the limits of the region be from the objects.
In this case, select 100 as Padding Percentage to have plenty of room around the
solenoid.

5.4
Assign Current Source to the Terminal

Select the coil Terminal by using your mouse or selecting from tree on the left
hand side of the GUI.
1. Change the Base Name to Current
Assign Boundaries Conditions

We assume that no current goes through the stators.

5.4
Assign Boundaries Conditions (Continued)

Select the two stators by holding down the CTRL key and using your mouse or
selecting from tree on the left hand side of the GUI.
Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Assign > Insulating. Leave the
default name Insulating1 et select OK.
Assign Executive Parameters

The force applied on the armature as well as the self inductance of the coil are
needed . These outputs will be used during the Equivalent Circuit Extraction
process.
Select the Armature from the objects tree or by using the mouse.
Select the menu item Maxwell > Parameters > Assign > Force
Select Virtual and leave the default name. Make sure the Reference is set to
Global.
Note: with Maxwell 11, The Virtual and the Lorentz force are available. The
virtual force, based on the Virtual Work Principle is more general and more
accurate. The force computation is very mesh dependent, so a fine mesh is
advisable whenever the Force is needed.
The inductance computation leads to an Inductance Matrix (size NxN, with N the
number of selected conductors), where the M(i,i) entry corresponds to the self
inductance of the ith conductor and the M(i,j) = M(j,i) entries correspond to the
mutual inductance terms. In our case, we only have one conductor, therefore we
will only obtain the self inductance of the Coil (in a 1 by 1 matrix).

5.4
Assign Executive Parameters (Continued)

Select the menu item Maxwell > Parameters > Assign > Matrix
Include the term current in the matrix computation (see below).
Assign Mesh Operations

As mentioned in the previous section, the Force computation is very mesh
sensitive. Therefore, to save some time computation, we will use a mesh
operation.
Select the two stators, the Band object, the Coil, the Armature by holding down
the CTRL key and using your mouse or selecting from tree on the left hand side
of the GUI. Do not select the Region.
Select the menu item Maxwell > Mesh Operations > Assign > Inside Selection >
Length Based

5.4
Assign Mesh Operations (Continued)

The addition of 25 000 elements will be enough to achieve a reasonable
accuracy. We deselect the Restrict Length of Elements and put 25 000 as the
Maximum number of Elements.
Solve the Nominal Problem
Create an Analysis Set up

Before performing a parametric sweep on the current and the air gap, the
nominal problem needs to be solved: it is always a good idea to verify that the
problem is correctly set.
Note: A solved project is required if output variables that will serve as entries in
the Parametric table have been created in the Calculator.
Select the menu item Maxwell > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup.
Select General and change the Percent Error from 1to .7. Change the number of
passes to 5. Leave the bottom of the window unchanged. This way, the Force
and the Inductance Matrix will be calculated as we expect: the default
configuration make Maxwell solve for the executive parameters after the last
adaptive pass (see next page).

5.4
Create an Analysis Set up (Continued)

because we do not need to increase the size of the mesh too much after each
pass.
Save the Project

From the Save As window, type in Solenoid.
Click on the Save button.

5.4

Select the menu item Maxwell > Validation Check, or click on the icon.
The problem will not solve unless each object has a check mark.
Analyze
Select the menu item Maxwell > Analyze, or click on the icon.
The progress bar shows the different stages of the ongoing computation.
Solution Data of the nominal problem

Data. You have access from this window to the inductance and to the force
computed as well as other information:
Select the Solution tab: the inductance is available by choosing Matrix1 in
the pull-down menu. In this case the inductance matrix has only one entry.

5.4
Solution Data of the nominal problem (Continued)

Select the Solution tab: the force values are available by choosing Force1
in the pull down menu. We have access to the X,Y, and Z components of
the Force as well as its magnitude. As expected, the Z component of the
Force is much more larger than the other components.
Select the Convergence tab: the log of the different adaptive passes is
displayed with the successive sizes of the mesh.
Select the Profile tab: you can find information about the CPU time, the size
of the generated data.
Select the Mesh Statistics: all the details about the final mesh are
presented for each of the problem’s region.
Note: you can calculate any quantity using the calculator of Maxwell. Select the
Menu item Maxwell > Results > Calculator or click on the icon.

5.4
Assign Problem Parameters

Once the nominal problem has been successfully solved, some parameters need
to be declared to perform a parametric sweep. We are interested in the
inductance and the force computed in respect to the input current and the air gap
between the Armature and the Stator, therefore, we create two parameters: the
air gap and the input current. In Maxwell 11, any input can be set as parameter.
Warning: When assigning problem parameters, the solution is invalidated. The
nominal problem has to be copied if the results are needed. Also, the variables
created in the calculator that will be used in the parametric sweep must be
declared before the parameter declaration.
We begin with the current source. From the model tree on the left hand side of
the GUI, expand the Excitations title and double click on the Current entry. In the
value case, change from 576 to amp_turns.
A window pops up asking for the value of amp_turns. Leave it to 576 Amps.

5.4
Assign Problem Parameters (Continued)

To enter the air gap parameter, expand from the objects tree the Armature entry.
Double click on CreateBox object.
Change the Z- position of the corner with the parameter armature_init.
Set the value of armature_ini as .006in + gap. Set gap as 0.0in for the time being.
At any time you can access at the list of the problem parameters. Select the
menu item Maxwell > Design Properties. The window should look like:

5.4
Create Output Variables

For a parametric analysis, we are only interested in a limited number of output
parameters. Our goal is to generate an equivalent circuit extraction, therefore we
want to have for each row the inductance and the output force. If needed,
Maxwell enables you to save the solution fields for every design of a parametric
sweep.
Select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Output Variables. From this window,
we assign output variables.
To create the output variable corresponding to the magnitude of the virtual force
(Fm), follow the steps below:
6- Name the expression and

Add to the list
5- The Expression is set
4- Insert the Quantity

1- Select the
Executive
parameter
2- Select the Quantity
3- We do not need
to apply any function to
the Quantity

5.4
Create Output Variables (Continued)

Proceed the same way to declare Fx, Fy, Fz the components of the Force applied
to the Armature.
We also declare the inductance as an output variable. Follow a similar procedure,
but select Matrix1 from the pull-down menu (see below). Lcc stands for the
inductance of the coil.
Finally, you should have 5 output variables declared: Fm, Fx, Fy, Fz and Lcc.

5.4

Note: The module Optimetrics must be installed in order to be able to run a
parametric sweep.
Select the Menu item Maxwell > Optimetrics Analysis > Add Parametric. The
Setup Sweep Analysis pops up. We add the different variables for each
parameter that will be included in the sweep. Select Add (see Below).
From the Add/Edit Sweep window, select gap in the pull down menu. The air gap
will linearly vary from 0.0in to 0.006in with a 0.001in Step. Enter these values in
the corresponding boxes. Click Add to proceed.

5.4
Create Parametric Analysis (Continued)

Select amp_turns from the Pull down menu. We sweep this variable with 4 single
values: -1 A, 330A, 661A and 992 A. Click on the Single Value box, enter the
actual value and click Add for the 4 different values. Do you forget to press Add
each time. Close the Window.
The Setup Sweep Analysis window has the following definitions:

5.4
Create Parametric Analysis (Continued)

From the ‘Table’ tab, the 24 variations are displayed.
Leave ‘General’ tab of Setup Sweep Definition unchanged and select the
‘Calculations’ tab. From this tab, we will define the output variables to include in
the sweep.
5 output variables are to be included. Click 5 times to the Add button. On the first
line, from the pull down menu on the left, select Setup: Matrix1, then from the pull
down menu on the right, select Lcc. On the second line select Setup: Force1 ,
then select Fm. Repeat the procedure for the other force variables: Fx, Fy, Fz.
In the ‘Options’ tab, leave everything unchecked.
The parametric sweep is set up .
Note: the number of adaptive passes, the target error and all the analysis
parameters of the nominal problem will be used. If you happen to have several
analysis setups, select the setup to use in the ‘General’ tab.

5.4
Solve the Parametric Sweep

Right click on the ParametricSetup from the Design tree and run the analysis.
Maxwell will start an separated analysis for every row of the table.
If you have a Distributive Analysis license, you can run the parametric sweep on
up to 10 machines per Distributive Analysis license. Use the Distributive
Analysis button in this case.
Note: If you cannot click on the Distributive Analysis button, it means that the list
of machines you want to use is not correctly set. Select the menu item Tool >
Options > General Options. Go to the Distributed Analysis Options tab. Make
sure you have at least two machines in the Machine for Distributed Analysis box.
The local machine (the machine where Maxwell has been running) is not included
by default. Also, for a two processor machine, you can enter the machine’s name
twice.

5.4
Solution Data of the Parametric Sweep

Once the analysis is completed, Select the Menu item Maxwell > Optimetrics
Analysis > Optimetrics Results.
Make sure to select the correct optimetrics setup from the pull down menu, then
select the Table radio button to view the results table.

5.4
ECE from the Parametric Analysis

Select the menu item Maxwell > Equivalent Circuit Extraction > From Parametric
Solutions.
Maxwell fills the ECE window with some parameters that correspond to the
project:
Make sure that the Model type is set to Linear Motion.
Leave the scaling factor to 1 (this factor is used for models with symmetry).
Choose the Parametric Setup corresponding to your analysis with the
according solution Setup, Matrix Setup and Force Setup.
Only the Z component of the force will be used.
Amperes-Turns have been entered in the model (we selected Stranded
Conductor): select the corresponding radio button.
Click on Next to continue.

5.4
ECE from the Parametric Analysis (Continued)

The next window enables you to select or deselect the entries from the
parametric tables.
Fm, Fx and Fy computations will not be used in Simplorer. From the pull-down
menu in the I/O column, select Unused. We leave the other parameters to their
default values.
Make sure that the data types are correct. gap defines a Position, amp_turns a
current.
Click on Next to continue.

5.4

This window defines the Terminals of the conservative nodes in Simplorer. The
conservative nodes will have their Across and Through quantities solved by
Simplorer, ensuring the physical meaning of the simulation.
The Flux (and therefore the EMF) is the electrical Across quantity in this case.
The current is the Through quantity.
In the Mechanical domain, gap is the Across quantity whereas Force1 is the
Through quantity.
Maxwell has defined the correct values for the Terminals. Click on Finish.

5.4

Give a File name and save the output file.
Maxwell creates the SML file containing the model of the component to be used
in Simplorer. SML stands for Simplorer Modeling Language, the internal
language of Simplorer. This script file will be imported into Simplorer.
To improve visibility of the component in Simplorer, it is advised to capture the
image of the Maxwell 3D design. Select the menu item Edit > Copy To Clipboard.
You can paste this image in any software (like Paint, …)and save it under a bmp
format.
Create the circuit in Simplorer

Note: The software package Simplorer 7 must be installed in order to be able to
continue.
Open Simplorer version 7, create a project then a Schematic.
From the ModelAgent bar, Select the AddOns tab, then click on interfaces in the
folder. Right click on ECE Link and select Copy.

5.4
Create the Component in Simplorer (Continued)

Select the tab Users (or the Project tab is some libraries have been created in the
Project). Select user and select the menu item Edit > Paste. The ECE component
has been copied to your user section. It is now possible to change the name of
the component and to modify the component symbol.
Right click after having selecting the ECE link component. Choose properties. In
the window, select the General tab and give the component name ECE Solenoid.
Leave the other parameters to their default values and Select OK.
Right click and select Edit Symbol. From this window, you can draw your own
symbol or import it from a bmp image (Select the menu item Draw > Insert
Bitmap).

5.4

Drag and drop the ECE Solenoid component on the sheet. Open the component
dialogue box. Click on the Load model button.
Browse your disk to recover the output file generated by Maxwell. This file has
the extension SML.
Click on OK. The model is loaded.

5.4

In the component dialogue box, select the Output/Display tab. In the Pin column,
4 boxes are checked: Current_N1, Current_N2, Force1_N1, Force1_N2. These
terminals correspond to the electrical and mechanical terminals we defined
during the ECE process in Maxwell. Verify that in the Show column, the Name at
Symbol is chosen to ease the wire connection on the sheet.
As additional input (non conservative node), you can specify the number of turns
in the Coil (in Maxwell, we just gave the overall value of the current) as well as
give an additional resistance corresponding to the coil in the Solenoid.
The component is ready to be used in a Simplorer project.

5.4
Create the Schematic sheet in Simplorer
In this application, the system surrounding the actuator has an

electric part and a mechanical part.
For the electrical part, the following components have been dragged
on the sheet:
A Voltage source E1, with the following parameters:
A resistance
Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator R1,
v11 User’s Guide with R= 215 mΩ 5.4-177
5.4
Create the Schematic sheet in Simplorer (Continued)

For the electrical part, the following components have been dragged on the
sheet:
A Force-meter FM1 to measure the actual force coming from the actuator
A Force Source F_initial corresponding to the initial force with F=125 N
A mass MASS that describes the mass of the plunger of the actuator:
A Limit stop LIMIT that represents a parallel damper and spring

combination:

5.4
Create the Schematic sheet in Simplorer (Continued)

The mechanical ground and the electrical ground must be included.

We want to display the Coil Current, the Actuator Force and the Stoke for this
system.
Drag a 2D view element (from the Displays tab).
1- Click to add a quantity in

the display
2- Select ECELink1.ICurrent
Select the yellow button to add the the current of the ECE component.

5.4

Repeat this operation with 2 new 2D view elements. Add the two following
quantities:
The force of the plunger: ECELink1.Fz_OUT
The stroke : 39.79 * MASS.S
Create a Transient Analysis
Select the menu item Simulation > Parameters
Fill the window with these parameters:

5.4
Run the Analysis

The simulation can be started by selecting the menu item Simulation > Start
The 2D displays look like:
Coil Curren
ECELink1.ICurrent [A]
80.00
50.00
0
0 2.00m 5.00m
Actuator Force
-120.00m
-100.00
-200.00
-252.00ECELink1.Fz_OUT [V]
0 2.00m 4.00m 5.00m
Stroke
39.79 * MASS.S [m]
10.00m
5.00m
0
0 2.00m 5.00m

5.5
Topic – Anisotropic Material
The implementation and application of Nonlinear Anisotropic

Material when using the Magnetostatic, and Transient Solvers
In v11 of Maxwell 3D a new function of Nonlinear Anisotropic Material can be
used with the Magnetostatic, and Transient Solvers for simulating soft
magnetic materials. The obvious advantage is significance because
Non-linear lamination is extensively used in low frequency
electromagnetic devices for having high induction but with significant
reduction of eddy current loss in the rolling direction.
Non-linear anisotropy is widely used magnetization, magnetic
recording, power transformers and large size electrical machines.
Oriented materials will have higher magnetic field like magnetic flux
density in special directions as users want but lower magnetic field in
other directions.
In this note a magnetostatic model as one step of magnetization will be
introduced including how to set up Non-linear lamination and Non-linear
anisotropic materials. Same set up will be used for Transient model.

5.5

3D Solid Modeling
User Defined Primitives (UDP): RMxprt/SlotCore
Primitives: Regular Polyhedron Box Cylinder
Surface Operations: Section Edge Filet
Boolean Operations: Split Separate Bodies
Current: Stranded
Windings
Analysis
Magnetostatic
(Transient)
Results
Field Calculator
Group objects with Objectlist
2d plot with Create Report
Field Overlays:
Flux Density Plots

5.5
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell


Checked

2. Click the Display tab
Default transparency = 0.8



5.5

1. In an Maxwell window, click the On the Standard toolbar, or select the
menu item File > New.
icon
Set Solution Type

Select the menu item: Maxwell > Solution Type > Magnetostatic, or right mouse
click on MaxwellDesign1 and select Solution Type …
Creating the 3D Model of a magnetization model of a four- poles

out-rotor
The example that will be used to demonstrate how the anisotropic non-linear
material & non-linear lamination are implemented in a Magnetization model of a
four-poles out-rotor. The intent of this write up is not how to simulate the out-
rotor motors, it is rather to demonstrate how anisotropic materials are
implemented within the Magnetostatic (or Transient) solver. This magnet ring is
an non-linear anisotropic one (nonlinear in R & Z direction with low permeability
in Theta direction) and the field core is a laminated one.（lamination direction is
Global X) Thus we can show how these materials can be set up for create an
four poles out-rotor.
Set Model Units


5.5

One of the main differences between Maxwell V10 and V11 is that a Background Region is
not automatically created when a project is started. A separate object needs to be specifically
created.
Create a Box region by selecting the menu item Draw > Box or click on the icon.
1. Using the coordinate entry field, enter the box position
X: -50, Y: -50, Z: -50, Press the Enter key
2. Then enter the opposite corner for the base rectangle with the height
Click OK to finish it. Change the name from Box1 to Region by editing the Attribute panal on
the left hand side of the interface. Keep the material as vacuum.

5.5
Create the Field Core:

A User Defined Primitive will be used to create the Field Core
Draw > User Defined Primitive > Syslib > Rmxprt > SlotCore
Use the values given in the panel below to create the rotor
Click SlotCore1 with right of mouse in History Tree Edit >Arrange >Rotate >Y >90
degree>OK
Click on the just created object in the drawing window and in the panel on the left change its
name from SlotCore1 to FieldCore
Create material Press of non-linear laminate one for FieldCore

Click Material vacuum to get in the Material Select Definition window, Pick Add Material…
Change name Material1 to Press
Pick Type of Relative Permeability and change it from Simple to Nonlinear, Pick BH curve in
the right of it, then click Import from file…, select Press.bh for it with OK to finish it.
Pick Solid in Composition Line and Change it to Lamination
Change the Value of –Stacking Factor to 0.95 and keep the Stacking Direction as V(1) (X
direction). Pick Validate Material , the green tick will be appeared. Click OK to exit.

5.5
Select OK in Select Definition window, Then change SlotCore1 as FieldCore, make sure the
Material is Press and the Orientation is Global.
Create the Housing and Magnet Ring of Out-rotor:

Create Housing
Draw > RegularPolyhedron then using the coordinate entry field, enter the center position
X: -15.3, Y: 0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key
Then enter the height and the radio
dZ: 24.4 for radius, Press the Enter key
dX: 30.8 for height, Press the Enter key
Number of segments = 36, OK
Change the name from RegularPolyhedron1
to Housing
dX: 30.8 for height, Press the Enter key
to Housing1
Pick Housing and Housing1 in History Tree, Use right mouse Edit > Boolean > Subtract to
create new Housing
dX: -1.7 for height, Press the Enter key
to Housing2

5.5
Pick Housing and Housing2 in History Tree, Use right mouse Edit > Boolean > Unit to
create new Housing
dX: -20 for height, Press the Enter key
to Housing3
Pick Housing and Housing3 in History Tree, Use right mouse Edit > Boolean > Substract to
create final Housing
Create material Press1 of non-linear one for Housing

Click Housing in History Tree, then pick Material vacuum in it’s Attribute to get in the
Material Select Definition window, Search & pick Press
Select Clone Materials
Pick Lamination in Composition Line and Change it to Solid
Click OK to exit. Press1 will be appeared in Material Name Listing
Click OK to exit Select Definition. Make sure Press1 will be the Material of Housing
and change the color as light blue
Create Magnet Ring named as Mag

dX: 20 for height, Press the Enter key
to Mag

5.5
dX: 20 for height, Press the Enter key
to Mag1
Pick Mag and Mag1 in History Tree, Use right mouse Edit > Boolean > Substract to create
final Mag
Create material Mag_aniso of non-linear anisotropic one for Mag
Click Mag in History Tree, then pick Material vacuum in it’s Attribute to get in the Material
Select Definition window, Pick Add Material…
Change name Material1 to mag_aniso, and Material Coord. System Cartesian to Cylindrical
Pick Type of Relative Permeability and change it from Simple to Anisotropic
Change Type of T(1,1) from Simple to Nonlinear, Click BH curve in the right of it, then click
Import from file…, select Mag.bh for it with OK to finish it.
Change Value of T(2,2) from 0 to 20
Change Type of T(3,3) from Simple to Nonlinear, Click BH curve in the right of it, then click
Import from file…, select Mag.bh for it with OK to finish it.
Click Validate Material to get green Tick Mark. OK to exit. mag_aniso will be appeared in
Material Name Listing
Click OK to exit Select Definition. Make sure mag_aniso will be the Material of Ma
Using 3d Modeler > Coordinate System >

Create > Relative CS > Rotated
Select the x axis X:0; Y:1; Z:0 Press Enter
Select the point on xy plane X:0; Y:0; Z:1
Press Enter. Then change Coord Name
From RelativeCS1 to RelativeCS0
Double click Mag in Histery Tree, Change the
Orientation Value from Global to RelativeCS0
with OK to exit.
Note: Because in Cylindrical Coordinate System, Theta direction is fixed as T(2,2), the
Global CS can’t be used for Mag directly. RelativeCS0 must be created for it.

5.5
Create the coils

Create Coil named as coil1
Draw > Box then using the coordinate entry field, enter the box position
Then enter the length, width and height of the box
dX: -28.2; dY: 6.5; dZ: 15.6, Press the Enter key
Box1 will be created.
Draw >Box then using the coordinate entry field, enter the box position
Then enter the length, width and height of the box
dX: -22.4; dY: 6.5; dZ: 9.6, Press the Enter key
Box2 will be created.
Pick Box1 & Box2, Using right mouse
Edit > Boolean > Substract to create final Box1
Change the name of Box1 to Coli_1 and set
material Cupper for it
Select Coli_1 in History Tree, Using right mouse Edit > Arrange > Rotate
select X as rotating Axis with 45 degree, OK to finish it.
View > Active View Visibility to erase the tick marks for all except Coil_1 as below:
Change in Tool Bar to

pick 4 edges of the Coil_1 as below:
Select the icon of Fillet the selected edges

in Tool Bar and set 2 mm as Fillet Radius
After OK to finished Coil_1, change the color of
it as dark yellow.

5.5
Using Alt Key and double click the mouse on the

the coordinate (0,0,0) to rotate the View
as YZ plane (See right)
Using 3d Modeler > Coordinate System >
Create > Relative CS > Offiset,
input X: 0; Y: 0.2; Z: 0.2 with Enter key
the coordinate CS1 will be created.
Pick Coil_1 in History Tree, Use right mouse
Edit > Boolean > Split and select XY plane
with OK
Edit > Boolean > Split and select XZ plane
with OK. The final Coil1 will be finished.
Select Global coordinate in History Tree
Edit > Duplicate > Around Axis
Select X Axis with Angle 90 & Total Number 4
All 4 coils will be finished
Pick all Coil_1- 4 in History Tree, Use right
mouse Edit > Surface > Section and select YZ
plane with OK
Pick all Section1- 4 in History Tree, Use right mouse Edit > Boolean > Separate Bodies
Pick Section1_1,2_1,3_1,4_1, then Click Delete Key.
Now the whole model will be as below:
Housing Coils
Mag
FieldCore

5.5

Select Coil Terminals Section1 & Section3 by using holding down the CTRL key
and using your mouse or selecting from tree on the left hand side of the GUI
1. Change the Base Name to Current13
Select Coil Terminals Section2 &

Section4
Select the menu item Maxwell >
Excitations > Assign > Current
1. Change the Name to Current24
4. Pick Swap Direction
The project tree now shows 4 separate Excitations:

Any one of them can be selected to check the
directions of the Excitation Current.

5.5
Theory of the Nonlinear Anisotropic Material for soft

magnetic materials
Basic ideas for new nonlinear anisotropic materials:
The cross effects of the magnetic field in the different principle directions
are decoupled by introducing an equivalent magnetic field magnitude in
each principle direction based on an anisotropic characterization of the
energy density .
Only B-H curves in the principal directions of the materials – two curves in
2D or three curves in 3D – need to be measured
The anisotropic behavior of laminations with either isotropic or anisotropic
steel is also considered.
Proposed approach
Since applying the same value of H in different principle directions will
cause different level of magnetic saturations, the approach refers all
components of H to each principle direction by referring factor k to
determine the saturation in that direction
⎧ H x = H 2 + (k H ) 2 + (k k H ) 2
⎪ e x xy y xz μ z z
⎪ y
⎨ H e = (k yx H x ) + H y + (k yz k μ z H z )
2 2 2
⎪ z
⎪ H e = (k zx H x ) + (k zy H y ) + (k μ z H z )
2 2 2
⎩
where is introduced to consider lamination effects and kxy is determined
by magnetic energy density w in x and y principle directions, kxy = wx /wy,
and similarly to other k’s.
The permeability for each principle direction is obtained in terms of the
equivalent magnitude He in that direction. For example, for axis x:

5.5
The Modeling Sequence will be as follows:
Reference:
[1] D. Lin, P. Zhou, Z. Badics, W. N. Fu, Q. M. Chen and Z. J. Cendes, “A New Nonlinear
Anisotropic Model for Soft Magnetic Materials” , CSY0084 of COMPUMAG’2005

5.5


5.5
Save the Project

From the Save As window, type in GST16

Analyze
The Analysis will be start as below:

5.5
Solution Data
To view the Solution Data, select the menu item Maxwell > Results >
Solution Data
Here you can view the Profile and the Convergence. Note: The
default view is for convergence is Table. Select the Plot radio button
to view a graphical representations of the convergence data.

5.5
Plot Flux Density on Cross-section YZ of Mag

To plot the flux density on YZ cut-plane of the magnetic, select the Global YZ of
Planes in History Tree by clicking on it, and move the mouse to 3d Modeler
Window then right mouse click and select Fields > B > B _Vector, in Create Field
Plot Window select B_Vector in “Quantity” and Mag in “In Volume”, Press Done.
The field plot is a little misleading since it show different colors across the YZ
plane, but the legend displays the exact value for the full color spectrum. To
change the scale, double click on the legend and then select Scale. Select the
radio button Use Limits and set the Min to 0.0001, the Max to 0.8, click on Apply
Then select Marker/Arrow, in Arrow options Change the Type as Umbrella and
move Size Arrow to largest, click on Apply.
Then select Plots, in Vector plot Select Uniform and move the Spacing size to
smallest, set Min. as 0.7 and Max. as 3, click on Apply.

5.5
The plot of the flux density on YZ cut plane of the Mag will be as below:
Note: Please note that if the Mag is not set up as anisotropic one (i.e. uniform
Nonlinear one) the B field between two magnetic poles will be very large in the
theta directions, which will be not as good as user wanted.

5.5
Plot Flux Density Bmag on Cross-section YZ of Mag, FieldCore &

Housing
To plot the Field on more than one objects, the group function is needed. Pick
Mag, FieldCore & Housing in History Tree, then 3D Modeler/List/Create/Object
List, then click OK to create Objectlist1
Select the Global YZ of Planes in History Tree and move the mouse to 3d
Modeler Window then right mouse click and select Fields > B > Mag_B, pick
Objectlist1 in “In Volume” then press Done

5.5
The plot of the mag_B on YZ cut plane of the Mag, FieldCore & Housing will be
as below:
User may double click on the legend and change Scale to see the detail field
distributions

5.5
Plot Flux Density B_radial on an arc of the Mag

To see the detail distribution near the inner surface of the Mag, the 2d plot on
a cut-line will be needed.
Create a cut-line of arc
Draw > Arc > 3 Points and select Yes for Question below:
using the coordinate entry field, Enter first endpoint

X: 0, Y: 19.0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key
Then enter arc intercept (middle point)
Enter second endpoint
X: 0, Y: -19.0, Z: 0, Press the Enter key twice.
Press OK to create Polyline1.

Create B_radial in Calculator
Select the Global YZ of Planes in History Tree and move the mouse to
3d Modeler Window then right mouse click and select Maxwell >Fields
> Calculator
Function > Scalar Z > OK
Function > Scalar Y > OK
Trig > ATan2 >Push [ATan2(Z,Y) = ATan(Z/Y)]
Trig > Sin > Exch > Trig > Cos

5.5
Quantity > B > Scal? > Scalar Y > * >Exch

Quantity > B > Scal? > Scalar Z > * > + ,the Br for arc is ready.
Pick Add and type the Name as B_radial , pick Ok to finish it.

5.5
In Maxwell V11 all 2d plot will be created with Create Report

Maxwell > Result >Create Report > OK
Select Polyline1 in Geometry, pick B_radial in Quantity, click Add Trace

press Done, the result curve on cutline will be se below:

Chapter 6.0
Chapter 6.0 – Eddy Current Examples

6.1 – Asymmetrical Conductor with a Hole

6.1
Example (Eddy Current) – Asymmetrical Conductor
The Asymmetrical Conductor with a Hole

This example is intended to show you how to create and analyze an
Asymmetrical Conductor with a Hole using the Eddy Current solver in the Ansoft
Maxwell 3D Design Environment.
Coil (Copper)
Stock (Aluminum)

6.1
Getting Started
Launching Ansoft Maxwell

1. To access Ansoft Maxwell, click the Microsoft Start button, select Programs, and
select the Ansoft > Maxwell 11 program group. Maxwell 11.


Checked



6.1

Set Solution Type

Choose Eddy Current
Click the OK button

6.1
Set Model Units

To set the units:
2. Set Model Units:
1. Select Units: mm

1. Type aluminum in the Search by Name field

6.1
Create Stock
To create the stock:

To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: stock
To fit the view:

Create Hole in Stock

To create the hole:

To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: hole
To select the objects:

To complete the stock:

2. Subtract Window
Blank Parts: stock

Tool Parts: hole
Click the OK button

6.1

1. Type copper in the Search by Name field
Create Coil (Hole)

To create coil:

To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: coil_hole
To create the filets:

1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > Edges.
2. Using the mouse graphically select the 4 z-directed edges. Hold down the
CTRL key to make multiple selections.
3. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Fillet
4. Fillet Properties
1. Fillet Radius: 25mm
2. Setback Distance: 0mm
Select 4 Edges

6.1
Create Coil
To create coil:

To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: coil
To create the filets:

1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > Edges.
2. Using the mouse graphically select the 4 z-directed edges. Hold down the
CTRL key to make multiple selections.
3. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Fillet
4. Fillet Properties
1. Fillet Radius: 50mm
2. Setback Distance: 0mm

1. Select the menu item Edit > Select > Objects
1. Select the objects named: coil, coil_hole
To complete the coil:

2. Subtract Window
Blank Parts: coil

Tool Parts: coil_hole
Click the OK button
To fit the view:

6.1
Create Offset Coordinate System

To create an offset Coordinate System:
1. Select the menu item 3D Modeler > Coordinate System > Create >
Relative CS > Offset
2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the origin
Create Excitation
Object Selection
1. Select the objects named: coil
Section Object
1. Section Plane: XZ
Separate Bodies
Assign Excitation
1. Name: Current1
2. Value: 2742 A
3. Type: Stranded
Note: The current flow should be counter-clockwise when viewing

the coil from above. Use the Swap Direction button to change the
direction.

6.1
Set Eddy Effect

To set the eddy effect for the stock object
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Set Eddy Effects
2. Set Eddy Effect,
1. Check the settings as shown
Show Conduction Path

Show Conduction Path
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Conduction Paths > Show
Conduction Paths
2. From the Conduction Path Visualization dialog, select the rows to visualize
the conduction path in on the 3D Model.
Define a Region
To define a Region:
1. Select the menu item Draw > Region
1. Padding Date: One
2. Padding Percentage: 300

6.1
Analysis Setup

Percent Error: 2
2. Click the Convergence tab:
Refinement Per Pass: 50 %

3. Click the Solver tab:
Adaptive Frequency: 200 Hz

Save Project
2. From the Save As window, type the Filename: maxwell_asymcond
Analyze
Model Validation

Manager.
Analyze

6.1
Create Reports
Create z-component of B-Field (real part) vs. Distance plot on a line

To create a line:
1. Make sure that the Global Coordinate System is selected:
3D Modeler > Coordinate System > Set Working CS

2. Select the menu item Draw > Line
3. When the dialog appears asking to create a non-model object, click the Yes
button.
4. Select the menu item Draw > Line
5. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the vertex point:

6. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the vertex point:

7. Using the mouse, right-click and select Done
To set the name:

2. For the Value of Name type: FieldLine

6.1
To calculate real part of the z-component of B-field (use the fields calculator)
2. Select Quantity: B
4. Select General: Complex > Real
5. Click the Smooth button
6. Click the Number Button
1. Type: Scalar
2. Value: 10000
7. Click the * button
9. Named Expression
1. Name: Bz_real
Create Report
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Create Report
2. Create Report Window:
1. Report Type: Fields
2. Display Type: Rectangular
3. Traces Window:
1. Solution: Setup1: LastAdaptive
2. Domain: FieldLine
3. Click the Y tab
1. Category: Calculator Expressions
2. Quantity: Bz_real
3. Function: <none>
4. Click the Add Trace button

6.1
Field Overlays

To select an object
Select the objects named: stock
Click the OK button
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Fields > Fields > J > Mag_J
2. Quantity: Mag_J
3. In Volume: All

6.1

To select an object
Select the objects named: stock
Click the OK button
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Fields > Fields > J > Vector_J
2. Quantity: Vector_J
3. In Volume: All
To modify a Magnitude field plot:

1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Fields > Modify Plot Attributes
2. Select Plot Folder Window:
1. Select: J
3. J Window:
1. Click the Plots tab
1. Plot: Vector_J1
2. Vector Plot
3. Set the Spacing slider to the minimum
2. Click the Marker/Arrow tab
1. Arrow Options
2. Map Size: Unchecked
3. Arrow Tail: Unchecked
4. Use the slider bar to adjust the

size

Chapter 7.0
Chapter 7.0 – Transient Examples


7.1
Example (Transient) – Switched Reluctance Motor
Stranded Conductors
This example is intended to show you how to create and analyze a transient
problem on a Switched Reluctance Motor geometry using the Transient
solver in the Ansoft Maxwell 3D Design Environment.
Within the Maxwell 3D Design Environment, solid coils can be modeled as
Stranded Conductors. There are many advantages to using Stranded
Conductors when modeling coils that have multiple turns. The first obvious
advantage is that a coil with multiple wires, say 2500, can be modeled as a
single object as opposed to modeling each wire which would be
impracticable. Defining a Stranded Conductor means that the current
density will be uniform throughout the cross section of the conductor.
The example that will be used to demonstrate how Stranded Conductors are
implemented is a switched Reluctance Motor. This switched reluctance
motor will have four phases and two coils per phase, thus we can show how
independent coils can be grouped to create windings.
Magnetorstatic: See Example 5.3 for setup instructions for this design.

7.1
Theory – Transient Solver

When creating Windings in the Transient solver, it is assumed that all of the coils
used to make up that winding are connected in series.
When creating a Winding and using voltage sources, the Winding Panel asks for
the Initial Current, Resistance, Inductance, and Voltage.
Initial Current: This is an initial condition used by the solver
Resistance: This is the DC resistance of the total winding; for the Phase_A
winding, this is the resistance of Coil_A1 and Coil_A2 in series.
Inductance: This is any extra inductance that is not modeled that needs to
be added. For example, and additional line inductance or source
inductance.
Voltage: This is the source voltage which can be a constant, function, or
piecewise linear curve.
A sketch of the Phase_A Winding circuit is:

7.1
Theory – Transient Solver (Continued)

If the Winding was defined as a Current Source instead of a Voltage Source, the
only additional field to modify is the initial current. The circuit would look like this:
The DC Resistance and Extra Inductance is not needed since this is a

current source and its value is guaranteed regardless of any value for the
DC Resistance or Extra Inductance.
The third option for the Winding setup is External. This means that there is an
external circuit that is made up of arbitrary components. Please refer to the
Topic paper on External Circuits for the details on how this is implemented.
Please note that if the two coils that make up the Phase_A winding were
connected in parallel instead of series, then two separate Windings would need
to be created.
In regards to the current density, the Transient solver treats stranded conductors
the same as in the Magnetostatic solver; that is, the current density is uniform
across the terminal and the solver calculates the magnetic field intensity H
directly and the current density vector J indirectly.
There are two options when defining the type of winding: Solid or Stranded. This
write up is for Stranded Windings only. For a full description of how Solid
windings are implemented, please refer to the Topic paper Solid Conductors.

7.1

3D Solid Modeling
User Defined Primitives (UDP): Switched Reluctance Motor
Primitives: Regular Polyhedron
Boolean Operations: Separate Bodies
Current: Stranded
Analysis
Transient
Results
Field Calculator
Field Overlays:
Magnitude B

7.1
Getting Started
Launching Maxwell


Checked



7.1

Set Solution Type

Choose Transient
Click the OK button

7.1
Set Model Units

To set the units:
2. Set Model Units:
1. Select Units: mm

1. Type iron in the Search by Name field

7.1
Create Rotor
To create the rotor:
SRMCore
To set the name:

2. For the Value of Name type: Rotor
To fit the view:


7.1
Create Stator and Coils:

To create the Stator and Coils
SRMCore
To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: Stator
To fit the view:
Ungroup the Stator and Coils

To separate bodies
1. Select the objects named: Stator
3. Select the menu item, 3D Modeler > Boolean > Separate Bodies
Process the Coils:

Select Coils
1. Select the objects named: Stator_2, Stator_3, Stator_4, Stator_5,
Stator_6, Stator_7, Stator_8
Delete Coils

7.1
Create Terminals
Section Coils
1. Select the objects named: Stator_1
Section Object
Separate Bodies
Delete
Section Coils
1. Select the objects named: Section1
Assign Excitation
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Assign > Coil Terminals
2. Coil Terminal Excitation : General
1. Name: CoilTerminal1
2. Number of Conductors: 150
Verify Duplicate Boundary Option is Set

Section To set the tool options:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Options > Maxwell Options
1. Click the General tab

7.1
Change Properties
Change Properties
1. From the list, select row: Stator_1
1. Name: Coil
2. Material: copper
4. From the list, select row: Section1
1. Name: Terminal
Duplicate Coil and Terminal

To select objects
1. Select the objects named: Coil, Terminal
To duplicate the objects:

1. Select the menu item, Edit > Duplicate > Around Axis
2. Duplicate Around Axis Window
1. Axis: Z
2. Angle: 45deg
3. Total Number: 8
Project Tree: Eight Excitations

7.1
Add Windings
To add windings
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Excitations > Add Winding
2. Winding Window
1. Name: Winding1
2. Type: Voltage
3. Stranded
4. Resistance: 2.5 ohm
5. Voltage: 120 V
3. Repeat these steps three more times to add: Winding2, Winding3,

Winding4
Assign Terminals to Windings

To select windings
1. Expand the Project tree to display the Excitations
2. Using the mouse, right-click on Winding1 and select Add Terminals
3. Add Terminal Window
1. From the list, select: CoilTerminal1, CoilTerminal5
4. Repeat these steps for:
Winding2
CoilTerminal2
CoilTerminal6
Winding3
CoilTerminal3
CoilTerminal7
Winding2
CoilTerminal4
CoilTerminal8

7.1

Create Region
To create the region:
1. Select the menu item Draw > Regular Polyhedron
2. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the center position

3. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the radius:
dX: 150.0 dY: 0.0, dZ: 0.0, Press the Enter key
4. Using the coordinate entry fields, enter the height:
Segment Number Window
Number of Segments: 12
Click the OK button
To set the name:
2. For the Value of Name type: Region
3. Display Wireframe: ; Checked
To turn off the visibility:

1. Select the menu item View > Hide Selection > Active View
To fit the view:


7.1
Create Mesh
Note: The transient solver does not use automatic adaptive meshing.
Select Coils
1. Select the objects named: Coil, Coil_1, Coil_2, Coil_3, Coil_4,

Coil_5, Coil_6, Coil_7
To create a mesh:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Mesh Operations > Assign > On Selection
> Length Based
2. Element Length Based Assignment Window
1. Name: Coils
2. Restrict Length of Elements: Unchecked
3. Restrict Number of Elements:; Checked
4. Maximum Number of Elements: 16000 (2000/tets per coil)
Select Rotor and Stator

1. Select the objects named: Rotor, Stator
To create a mesh:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Mesh Operations > Assign > On Selection
> Length Based
2. Element Length Based Assignment Window
1. Name: Rotor_Stator
2. Restrict Length of Elements: Unchecked
3. Restrict Number of Elements:; Checked
4. Maximum Number of Elements: 4000 (2000/tets per coil)

7.1
Analysis Setup

Stop time: 0.05s

Time step: 0.002s
Save Project
2. From the Save As window, type the Filename: maxwell_trans_relmotor
Analyze
Model Validation

Manager.
Analyze

7.1
Create Quick Report

To create a report:
1. Select the menu item Maxwell > Results > Create Quick Report
2. Quick Report Window:
1. Select: Current

7.1
Calculate Current
To use the field calculator
2. Select Quantity: J
4. Click the button Geometry
5. Geometry Window
1. Select the radio button Surface
2. From the list select: Section1
6. Click the ∫ (Integrate) button
7. Click the Number Button
1. Type: Scalar
2. Value: 150 (Number of Conductors)
8. Click the / button
9. Click the Eval button
10. Click the Done button to close the calculator

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Ansoft

electronic design automation software

user’s guide – Maxwell 3D

ANSOFT Korea http://ansoft.co.kr mail to : ehan@ansoft.co.kr

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 2

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 3

Installing the Ansoft Maxwell Software

Starting Ansoft Maxwell

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 4

Converting Older Maxwell file to Maxwell v11

1. Files of Type: Ansoft Legacy EM Projects (.cls)

2. Browse to the existing project and select the .cls file

3. Click the Open button

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 5

Visiting the Ansoft Web Site

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 6

For Technical Support

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 7

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 8

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 9

Project Manager Window

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 10

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 11

Coordinate System (CS)

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 12

3D Modeler Design Tree

Object Command History

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 13

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 14

To display or hide individual toolbars:

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 15

Customize and Arrange Toolbars

2. Select an item from the Category list

3. Using the mouse click on the Buttons to display the

Toggle the visibility of toolbars

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 16

Ansoft Maxwell Desktop

3. Results – creating 2D reports and field plots

4. Solve Loop - the solution process is fully automated

To understand how these processes co-exist, examine the illustration shown

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 17

Opening a Maxwell project

Opening a New project

2. Select the menu Project > Insert Maxwell Design.

Opening an Existing Maxwell project

Opening an Existing Project from Explorer

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 18

Set Solution Type

2. Eddy Current - calculates

3. Transient – calculates the

4. Electric – calculates the

To set the solution type:

2. Solution Type Window:

1. Choose one of the following:

2. Click the OK button

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 19

Parametric Model Creation

Overview of the 3D Modeler User Interface

Ansoft Maxwell 3D Field Simulator v11 User’s Guide 1-20

Overview of the 3D Modeler User Interface (Continued)