Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 257 views

    Biopiles

    Uploaded by

    Bob Smith
    The document provides an overview of biopiles, which are solid-phase ex-situ processes that use forced aeration to accelerate biodegradation of contaminated soils. Key aspects covered include treatability studies to determine biodegradation potential, system design considerations such as site selection and construction of treatment pads/aeration systems, operation and maintenance procedures, case histories of specific biopile projects, and questions/answers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Biopiles

    Uploaded by

    Bob Smith
    257 views46 pages
    The document provides an overview of biopiles, which are solid-phase ex-situ processes that use forced aeration to accelerate biodegradation of contaminated soils. Key aspects covered include treatability studies to determine biodegradation potential, system design considerations such as site selection and construction of treatment pads/aeration systems, operation and maintenance procedures, case histories of specific biopile projects, and questions/answers.

    Original Description:

    Design of biopiles for hydrocarbon treatment

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides an overview of biopiles, which are solid-phase ex-situ processes that use forced aeration to accelerate biodegradation of contaminated soils. Key aspects covered include treatability studies to determine biodegradation potential, system design considerations such as site selection and construction of treatment pads/aeration systems, operation and maintenance procedures, case histories of specific biopile projects, and questions/answers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    257 views46 pages

    Biopiles

    Uploaded by

    Bob Smith
    The document provides an overview of biopiles, which are solid-phase ex-situ processes that use forced aeration to accelerate biodegradation of contaminated soils. Key aspects covered include treatability studies to determine biodegradation potential, system design considerations such as site selection and construction of treatment pads/aeration systems, operation and maintenance procedures, case histories of specific biopile projects, and questions/answers.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 46

    Biopiles Overview

    n n n n n n n

    Introduction Treatability Studies System Design & Construction System Operation & Maintenance Video Case Histories Questions & Answers

    Biopiles Introduction
    A solid-phase, ex-situ process, using forced aeration to increase oxygen availability to accelerate contamination degradation

    Biopiles Introduction
    n n n

    Indigenous microorganisms Contaminants reduced to CO2 and H2O Basic construction u Treatment pad u Aeration system u Irrigation/Nutrient system u Leachate collection system Remediation costs range from $25 to $70 per ton

    Biopiles Applicability
    n n

    Heavy-chain hydrocarbon (JP-5 and diesel) Contaminated soil sources: u UST removal u Spill sites u Pipeline leaks Treatment time typically 3 - 6 months

    Biopiles Treatability Studies


    Purpose u Determine if contamination can be degraded to acceptable cleanup levels by indigenous microorganisms u Establish soil conditions in the soil environment that enhance the health of the fuel-degrading microorganisms

    Biopiles Treatability Studies


    Information Desired u Residual hydrocarbon contaminant concentrations/types u Hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism population density u Physical/chemical parameters: pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, moisture, salinity, particle size distribution u Acceleration of biodegradation with the application of H2O, nitrogen, phosphorous u Biodegradation rate: 6-8-week soil column study

    Biopiles Treatability Studies


    Standardized Laboratory Methods Used u Bacteria counts u Nutrient needs u Hydrocarbon analysis u Microbial respiration u Others

    Biopiles Treatability Studies


    Costs u $8,000 - 10,000 average u Cost can range up to $20,000 if different soil matrices are tested

    Biopiles
    Technology Transfer Documents u Biopile Treatability Studies - Technical Data Sheet TDS-2024-ENV March 96 u Biopile Design and Construction Manual Technical Memorandum TM-2189-ENV June 96 u Biopile Operations and Maintenance Manual Technical Memorandum TM2190-ENV June 96

    Biopiles
    Biopile Design and Construction Manual (TM-ENV2189)
    n n n

    Details selection procedures and design steps Uses a 500- to 750-yd design as an example case This manual contains: u Biopile decision tree u Technology overview u Permitting strategy u Predesign activities
    u u

    Description of temporary and permanent biopile construction 11 appendices listing reference information and sample calculations

    Biopiles
    Biopile Operations and Maintenance Manual (TM-2190-ENV)
    n n n

    Companion document to the Biopile Design and Construction Manual Provides step-by-step operational guidance Main text includes: u Technology overview u Sampling and analysis u Regulatory issues
    u u

    System operation Health and safety

    Appendices contain: u 10 O&M checklists and data sheets


    u u u

    Sample calculations Troubleshooting guide General health and safety plan

    Biopiles
    Biopile Cost Estimator
    n n n n

    Software package written in MS Excel Visual Basic Provides initial biopile cost estimates User-friendly approach Produces on-screen and print copies of: u Installation cost sheet u O&M cost sheet u Summary cost sheet

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Overall Objective To provide optimal conditions

    O2

    H2 O

    s t n e i r Nut

    e r u t a r e p m Te

    Micr

    pH
    obial Popu lation

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Predesign Decision
    Temporary
    Existing foundation

    Permanent
    New foundation

    Minimal support facilities Upgraded support facilities Facility life < 5 yrs Low capital cost Facility life > 5 yrs High capital cost

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Predesign: Site Selection
    u u u u u u u

    Close-by utilities (electrical/water) Flat/solid ground (slight slope OK) Located outside 100 yr. flood plain Secured Outside of residential area Centralized site for soil handling Avoid off-base soil handling

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Predesign: Site Size u Quantity of contaminated soil u Frequency of reception u Retention time in the biopile u Soil preparation u Additional space required for system equipment pads, soil storage and handling u System size examples: 3 2 F 500 yd biopile: 11,000 ft 3 2 F 3,000 yd biopile: 40,000 ft

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Base Construction
    u u u u

    Soil or clay foundation/existing asphalt Impermeable liner (40-60-mil HDPE) Leachate collection berm Clean soil base

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Aeration System
    u u u u u u

    Header pipe Valves at the manifold branch points Water knockout tank Cyclone separator Aeration pump Exhaust-gas treatment unit

    Biopiles Design & Construction

    Moisture & Nutrient System


    u u u

    Initial moisture/nutrient addition during biopile formation Drip-line irrigation - climate considerations Leachate collection system (optional)

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Biopile Formation
    u

    Soil preparation/processing:
    F F F F F

    Bucket loader Parallel bar screen Trommel Screen Soil shredder Soil mixer

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Biopile Formation (cont.)
    u

    Installing soil gas monitoring points


    F F F

    O2, CO2, TPH Locations/depths Thermocouples - temperature measurements

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Biopile Formation (cont.) u Time-zero sampling 3 3 F One soil sample per 50 yd to 100 yd (negotiable with regulatory agency) F Analyze typically for: Initial TPH BTEX Moisture content pH Microbial density

    Biopiles Design & Construction


    Biopile Formation (cont.)
    u

    Soil gas sampling


    F F

    Gas sample pulled from monitoring points Soil gas readings: O2 CO2 TPH

    F F

    Establish effectiveness Establish microbial activity (respiration test)

    Biopiles Design & Construction

    Biopile Formation (cont.) u Cover installation F HDPE (12-20-mil thickness) F Black or other color (not clear) F Snug-fitting F Tied down

    Biopiles O & M
    Operations Requirements u Crew training & experience u Operations management u System startup & shakedown u Routine Operations u Off-gas treatment system operation

    Biopiles O & M
    Maintenance Requirements u Aeration manifold maintenance u Biopile cover repair u Blower maintenance u Off-gas treatment system maintenance

    Biopiles O & M
    Monitoring Sample Schedule
    Sampling Event Soil sampling Sample Interval Upon pile construction and then as dictated by respiration test and soil-gas sampling Soil gas sampling At startup, 1 week after startup, and then monthly Respiration testing (in-situ & 24 to 48 hours after turning on shutdown respiration tests) the blower, 1 week after initial test, and then monthly Blower exhaust-gas sampling Weekly or as dictated by the site Exhaust-gas sample collection Monthly for laboratory analysis

    Biopiles Videos
    Biopiles: A Long-Term Solution

    Biopiles Case Histories


    MCAGCC Twenty Nine Palms u Design parameters F Size: 100 ft x 100 ft, 8 ft high F Capacity: 2,400 tons/cycle F Design specifics: 12 in. sand layer 60-mil HDPE liner 1 ft pea gravel 16 slotted PVC pipes (4-in-dia.) Without cover

    Biopiles Case Histories


    MCAGCC Twenty Nine Palms u Contamination levels/Regulatory requirements F Typical start: 5,700 ppm TPH F Cleanup target level: 1000 ppm TPH F No air permit required F Treated soil used as daily landfill cover F JP-5 & some diesel

    Biopiles Case Histories


    MCAGCC Twenty Nine Palms u Special circumstances F 4 in. rain per year average - no cover F High winds F Desert southwest climate F Developed rapport with regulatory boards F Temporary converted to permanent

    Biopiles Case Histories


    MCAS Yuma, AZ
    u

    Design parameters
    F F

    Size: 100 ft x 100 ft, 4 ft high Capacity: 1,200 tons/cycle (4 cells, 300 tons/cell) Design specifics: 10 in. concrete 60-mil HDPE liner 4-ft-high wall Special cover

    Biopiles Case Histories


    MCAS Yuma, AZ
    u

    Contamination levels/Regulatory requirements


    F F F F

    Typical start: 30,000 - 50,000 ppm TPH Cleanup target level: 5000 ppm TPH No air permit required JP-5

    Biopiles Case Histories


    MCAS Yuma, AZ u Special circumstances F Unique cover design Water filtering UV-resistant F Slotted lightweight flexible irrigation tubing, 4-in. dia. covered with nylon sleeves F Concrete poured over 2 in. slurry (unsaturated) placed over liner - concrete cracked, inadequate curing compound

    Biopiles Case Histories


    National Test Site, Port Hueneme u Design parameters F Size: 52 ft x 52 ft, 8 ft high F Capacity: 400 tons/cycle F Design specifics: Existing asphalt base 60-mil HDPE liner over felt pad covered by 8 to 12 in. soil to protect liner 3- to 4-in. slotted PVC pipes covered by 6 in. pea gravel

    Biopiles Case Histories


    National Test Site, Port Hueneme
    u

    Contamination levels/Regulatory requirements


    F F

    Typical start: 5,000 - 7,000 ppm TPH Cleanup target level: Gas: 100 ppm Diesel: 250 ppm Heavy petroleum: 1,000 ppm

    Biopiles Case Histories


    National Test Site, Port Hueneme u Special circumstances F Existing asphalt base F High profile SERDP site F Special monitoring F Special construction

    You might also like