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    Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: From Continuum To Particles

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    dr_kh_ahmed
    This document discusses smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a particle method for approximating continuum mechanics. SPH replaces the continuum with discrete points or particles and uses kernel interpolation to approximate values and derivatives. The accuracy depends on the disorder of particles, with cubic spline kernels providing useful smoothing. SPH allows gradients to be easily estimated for fluid dynamics simulations using disordered points.

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    Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: From Continuum To Particles

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    dr_kh_ahmed
    49 views28 pages
    This document discusses smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a particle method for approximating continuum mechanics. SPH replaces the continuum with discrete points or particles and uses kernel interpolation to approximate values and derivatives. The accuracy depends on the disorder of particles, with cubic spline kernels providing useful smoothing. SPH allows gradients to be easily estimated for fluid dynamics simulations using disordered points.

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    Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics TUTORIAL I From Continuum to Particles

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    Pcatut 5472 Presentation

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    This document discusses smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a particle method for approximating continuum mechanics. SPH replaces the continuum with discrete points or particles and uses kernel interpolation to approximate values and derivatives. The accuracy depends on the disorder of particles, with cubic spline kernels providing useful smoothing. SPH allows gradients to be easily estimated for fluid dynamics simulations using disordered points.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views28 pages

    Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: From Continuum To Particles

    Uploaded by

    dr_kh_ahmed
    This document discusses smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a particle method for approximating continuum mechanics. SPH replaces the continuum with discrete points or particles and uses kernel interpolation to approximate values and derivatives. The accuracy depends on the disorder of particles, with cubic spline kernels providing useful smoothing. SPH allows gradients to be easily estimated for fluid dynamics simulations using disordered points.

    Copyright:

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

    TUTORIAL I From Continuum to Particles

    Geophysical
    Pyroclastic ows Montserrat

    Laboratory Experiments Monash University

    Astrophysical Problems
    The Turbulent Environment RCW 49

    Green : gas Pink: dusty tendrils Blue: older stars

    300 new stars !

    Basic Ideas
    1. Replace the continuum by discrete points.

    2. Finite dierences uses xed grid points.

    3. SPH - uses moving points -Particles.

    SPH approximates the continuum while being a rigorous model of the underlying and more fundamental particle basis for the continuum.

    molecules

    continuum

    Smoothed Particles

    Why Particle Methods are Useful 1. The particle trajectories are the characteristics of the hyperbolic part of the equations.

    dA A = + v A = F(A, A) dt t
    2. Advection is exact. 3. Particle methods can easily handle complex physics. 4. Non dissipative uids modelled by Lagrangians. 5. The break up of a continuum into fragments - e.g. asteroid collisions, is seamless

    Types of Particle Methods


    Particle and Force (PAF Harlow) Particle in Cell (PIC Harlow) Flip (a PIC variant, Brackbill and Ruppel) Ephemeral Particle in Cell (EPIC Eastwood) Semi-Lagrangian Methods Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)

    First task: How to use information at disordered particles

    Particle Positions in an Equilibrium Toy Star


    = (1 r 2 )

    Random

    Equal mass

    m = (x)2

    Integral Interpolants
    Identity
    A(r) = A(r ) (r r )dr

    delta function Replace delta function by a kernel


    AI (r) =

    kernel

    A(r )W (r r , h)dr

    Properties of W(r,h)
    The kernel is a member of a sequence which tends to the delta function
    h0

    lim W (r, h) = (r)

    The kernel is normalized


    W (r, h)dr = 1

    An example (see also the spline kernels in the notes)


    e W (r, h) = 3 3/2 h
    r 2 /h2

    h xes the resolution

    Summation Interpolant
    A(r ) W (r r , h)(r )dr (r )
    mass element Fundamental formula
    A(r) =
    b

    Ab mb W (r rb ) b

    Ab mb W (r rb ) b

    Density
    (r) =
    b

    mb W (r rb , h)
    mass conserved
    mb W (r, h)dr =
    b

    and
    (r)dr =
    b

    mb

    normalized

    Derivatives
    If the kernel W is dierentiable then the interpolated function can be dierentiated exactly
    As (r) Ab mb W (r rb ) b Ab mb W (r rb ) b

    dierentiate
    As (r)
    b

    better

    1 A = ((A) A) 1 (A)a = a mb b (Ab Aa )W (ra rb , h) b

    Density Convergence Equation


    d = v dt d = ( (v) v ) dt d dt a = a mb b (vb va ) Wab b a Wab = rab Fab

    CHOOSE = 1
    d dt = a
    a b

    mb vab a Wab b

    CHOOSE =
    d dt =
    a b

    mb vab a Wab

    Contribution of b to a

    mb vab rab Fab


    F <=0 <0 if a and b approaching approaching particles give positive contribution to density change

    Accuracy
    Sources of errors in the spatial derivatives

    Integral interpolant. Summation interpolant. Interpolation points disordered.

    Errors In The Integral Interpolant


    AI (x) = A(x )W (x x , h)dx

    Expand in a Taylor series about x


    AI (x) = 1 A(x) + (x x)dA/dx + (x x)2 d2 A/dx2 + ...... W (x x )dx 2

    Zero contribution for even W

    O(h2 )d2 A/dx2

    1 2 2 AI (x) = A(x) + h d A/dx2 + ... 2

    second order error

    Errors in the Summation Interpolant Key problem: disordered particles

    Type of disorder not known. The disorder is related to the type of mechanical system we are trying to simulate and the form of the SPH equations

    TOY STAR PARTICLES

    Random

    Equal mass SPH

    Unequal mass SPH

    Particles settling down in a Toy star

    Schoenbergs splines
    Schoenberg involved with ballistic data Data had errors Interpolate with smoothing

    Example 1
    M1 (q ) = 1 M1 (q ) = 0

    ; 0<q<1/2 ; otherwise

    nearest grid point interpolation Example 2


    M2 (q ) = 1 q M2 (q ) = 0

    ; 0<q<1 ;otherwise

    witchs hat

    Example 3

    2 1 3 2 M4 (q ) = q + q 3 2 1 3 M4 (q ) = (2 q ) 6 M4 (q ) = 0

    ;0<q<1/2 ;1/2 < q < 3/2 ; otherwise

    the second derivatives are continuous

    Application to equi-separated points Interpolate a constant K


    A = K (W (0, h) + 2W (, h) + 2W (2, h) + ....) h

    should be K

    M4 cubic spline
    h= h = 1.2 h = 1.5

    ;A = K ;A =1.002K ;A = 1.004 K

    Evolution of a square of water by Colagrossi

    -1

    -2

    Summary

    Can interpolate using disordered points. The interpolation gives dierentiable functions. The accuracy depends on the disorder. Shoenbergs splines provide useful smoothing interplants. Can easily estimate the gradients required for uid dynamics.

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