3.1 Quadratic Functions and their graphs.

32 Maximum and minimum values of QF.

3.3 Sketch graphs of Quadratic functions.
3.4 Quadratic Inequalities.

Analisa soalan tahun-tahun lepas

Additional Mathematics (3472) Paper 1

Chapter 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Form 4 N M N M N M N M N M N M
3 Quadratic Functions 1 3 2 6 1 3 2 5 2 6 2 6

N: number of question
M: total marks of question

General form of a quadratic function

3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4

f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c a, b and c are constants and a ≠ 0.

The different between Quadratic Equations and Quadratic Functions

Quadratic Equations Quadratic Functions

2
ax + bx + c = 0 f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c

Exercise 1
Determine whether each of the following functions is a quadratic function.
(a) f ( x) = 5 − 4 x + x 2 (b) f ( x ) = x 2 (6 − x ) (c) f ( x) = x ( x 2 + 4)

1
(d) f ( x ) = ( x − 1)( x + 3) (e) f ( x ) = 2
+5 (f) f ( x) = 1 − 3 x + x 2
x

Exercise 2: Shape of the graph of a Quadratic Function

x -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Make a table of values and plot the graph of

y 8 3 0 -1 0 3 8 f ( x ) = − x 2 + x + 6 for the values of x in the range
The above table shows the values of x and f(x)
−3 ≤ x ≤ 4.
for f ( x ) = x 2 − 4 x + 3 .
Plot the graph of f(x) for the values of x in the range x
−1 ≤ x ≤ 5 . y
f(x)
f(x)

Note f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c if a >0, graph minimum shaped obtained.

If a < 0, graph maximum shaped obtained.

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4
Exercise 3
1. Determine the types of roots of the equation f(x) = 0. (√ the right answer)

Two real and distinct roots Two real and distinct roots
Two real and equal roots Two real and equal roots
No real roots No real roots
f(x)
(c) (d) f(x)

Two real and distinct roots Two real and distinct roots
Two real and equal roots Two real and equal roots
No real roots No real roots

2. The graph of the quadratic function f ( x) = x 2 − 3kx + 5k − 1 touches the x-axis at only one point.
Find the possible values of k.

a=
b=
c=

(keyword: f(x) touches the x-axis at only one point, -> b 2 − 4ac = 0 )

3. Find the range of values of p if the graph of the quadratic function f ( x) = 5 − p + 6 x − 3 x 2 does not
intersect the x-axis.

General form for quadratic function, f(x)=ax²+bx+c

f(x) =
a=
b=
c=

(keyword: f(x )does not touches the x-axis, -> b 2 − 4ac < 0 )

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4
4. Find the range of values of k if the graph of the quadratic functions f ( x) = x 2 − 2kx + k + 6 intersect the x-
axis at two different points.

a=
b=
c=

(keyword: f(x )does not touches the x-axis, -> b 2 − 4ac > 0 )

5. The quadratic equation x(x+1)=px - 4 has two distinct roots. Find the range of values of p. [3m]
.

6. A quadratic equation x 2 + px + 9 = 2 x has two equal roots. Find the possible values of p. [3m]

7. The quadratic equation hx 2 + kx + 3 = 0 , where h and k are constants, has two equal roots.
Express h in terms of k.

8.

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 3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4
3.2 The maximum &the minimum values of a QF.

Exercise 4
1. The figures below show the shapes of the graph of quadratic function f(x) = a(x+p)² +q. Determine the
Values of a, p and q for each of the graphs.
p= p=
q= q=

at(0,5) at(0,-2)

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4

3. The quadratic function f ( x ) = p( x + q ) 2 + r , where p, q and r are constants, has a minimum value
of - 4. The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3.
State
(a) the range of values of p,
(b) the value of q,
(c) the value of r. [3m]

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4
3.3 Sketching the Graph of a Quadratic Function. We use b²-4ac to test the graph
whether intersects the x-axis or not.
If b²-4ac>0. it intersects the x-axis by 2
points
If b²-4ac=0, it intersect the x-axis by 1
point.
If b²-4ac<0, it doesn’t touch x-axis.

Example
Sketch the graph of each of the following QF. State the axis of symmetry in each of the graphs.

f ( x) = x 2 + x − 6

Step 1 a= , the graph has a shape. Step 4 Sketch the graph

Find whether the graph intercept the x-axis.

b 2 − 4ac = 1-4(1)(-6) = 25 > 0

Step 2 By completing the square

b b
f ( x) = x 2 + x + ( ) 2 − ( ) 2 + c
2 2
= x2 + x + ( )2 − ( )2 + ( )
2 2

1
= (x + )2 - ( ) +( )
2
1 2 25
= (x + ) −
2 4

a>0, the ______________ point = ( )

Step 3 When x = 0, f(x) = (0, )

When f(x) = 0, x2 + x − 6 = 0 Axis of symmetry,
x= ( , 0), ( ,0)
_________________

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4
3.4 Quadratic Inequality

Sketching the graph can be used to determine the range of values of x which satisfies a f(x).

Therefore, the range of values of x is 2<x<5. Therefore, the range of values of x is

x<-4 or x>6.

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4
Example 1 Example 2
Find the range of values of x for which Find the range of values of x for which
x 2 − 2 x − 15 > 0 − x2 − x + 6 > 0

Solution Solution
a = 1>0, graph shape U
from calculator, EQN, find the value x.
a = -1 < 0, graph shape ∩
from calculator, EQN, find the value x.

-3 2
-3 5

x 2 − 2 x − 15 > 0 , y >0 shape the graph. − x2 − x + 6 > 0 , y > 0 shape the graph.

-3 2
-3 5

For x 2 − 2 x − 15 > 0 (y>0)

For − x 2 − x + 6 > 0
x < −3 or x > 5
-3 < x < 2

Exercise 5

1. Find the range of values of x for which 2. (x – 1)(5 – x) > 3.

(2x + 3)(x + 2) > 10.

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4

3.

4.

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3 Quadratic Functions Additional M athematics Form 4

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