Appendix ABCD

Characteristics of Selected Elements
Element
Symbol
Atomic
Number
Aluminum
Argon
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium
Carbon
Cesium
Chlorine
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Fluorine
Gallium
Germanium
Gold
Helium
Hydrogen
Iodine
Iron
Lead
Lithium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neon
Nickel
Niobium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Platinum
Potassium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Sulfur
Tin
Titanium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Zinc
Zirconium
Al
Ar
Ba
Be
B
Br
Cd
Ca
C
Cs
Cl
Cr
Co
Cu
F
Ga
Ge
Au
He
H
I
Fe
Pb
Li
Mg
Mn
Hg
Mo
Ne
Ni
Nb
N
O
P
Pt
K
Si
Ag
Na
S
Sn
Ti
W
V
Zn
Zr
13
18
56
4
5
35
48
20
6
55
17
24
27
29
9
31
32
79
2
1
53
26
82
3
12
25
80
42
10
28
41
7
8
15
78
19
14
47
11
16
50
22
74
23
30
40
Atomic
Weight
(amu)
Density of
Solid, 208C
(g/cm3)
Crystal
Structure,
208C
Atomic
Radius
(nm)
Ionic
Radius
(nm)
Most
Common
Valence
Melting
Point
(8C)
26.98
39.95
137.33
9.012
10.81
79.90
112.41
40.08
12.011
132.91
35.45
52.00
58.93
63.55
19.00
69.72
72.64
196.97
4.003
1.008
126.91
55.85
207.2
6.94
24.31
54.94
200.59
95.94
20.18
58.69
92.91
14.007
16.00
30.97
195.08
39.10
28.09
107.87
22.99
32.06
118.71
47.87
183.84
50.94
65.41
91.22
2.71
3.5
1.85
2.34
8.65
1.55
2.25
1.87
7.19
8.9
8.94
5.90
5.32
19.32
4.93
7.87
11.35
0.534
1.74
7.44
10.22
8.90
8.57
1.82
21.45
0.862
2.33
10.49
0.971
2.07
7.27
4.51
19.3
6.1
7.13
6.51
FCC
BCC
HCP
Rhomb.
HCP
FCC
Hex.
BCC
BCC
HCP
FCC
Ortho.
Dia. cubic
FCC
Ortho.
BCC
FCC
BCC
HCP
Cubic
BCC
FCC
BCC
Ortho.
FCC
BCC
Dia. cubic
FCC
BCC
Ortho.
Tetra.
HCP
BCC
BCC
HCP
HCP
0.143
0.217
0.114
0.149
0.197
0.071
0.265
0.125
0.125
0.128
0.122
0.122
0.144
0.136
0.124
0.175
0.152
0.160
0.112
0.136
0.125
0.143
0.109
0.139
0.231
0.118
0.144
0.186
0.106
0.151
0.145
0.137
0.132
0.133
0.159
0.053
0.136
0.035
0.023
0.196
0.095
0.100
,0.016
0.170
0.181
0.063
0.072
0.096
0.133
0.062
0.053
0.137
0.154
0.220
0.077
0.120
0.068
0.072
0.067
0.110
0.070
0.069
0.069
0.010.02
0.140
0.035
0.080
0.138
0.040
0.126
0.102
0.184
0.071
0.068
0.070
0.059
0.074
0.079
31
Inert
21
21
31
12
21
21
41
11
12
31
21
11
12
31
41
11
Inert
11
12
21
21
11
21
21
21
41
Inert
21
51
51
22
51
21
11
41
11
11
22
41
41
41
51
21
41
660.4
2189.2
725
1278
2300
27.2
321
839
(sublimes at 3367)
28.4
2101
1875
1495
1085
2220
29.8
937
1064
2272 (at 26 atm)
2259
114
1538
327
181
649
1244
238.8
2617
2248.7
1455
2468
2209.9
2218.4
44.1
1772
63
1410
962
98
113
232
1668
3410
1890
420
1852
Values of Selected Physical Constants

Quantity
Symbol
SI Units
cgs Units
Avogadros number
NA
23
Boltzmanns constant
6.022 3 10
molecules/mol
1.38 3 10223 J/atom # K
Bohr magneton
Electron charge
Electron mass
Gas constant
Permeability of a vacuum
Permittivity of a vacuum
Plancks constant
mB
e
R
m0
e0
h
9.27 3 10224 A # m2
1.602 3 10219 C
9.11 3 10231 kg
8.31 J/mol # K
1.257 3 1026 henry/m
8.85 3 10212 farad/m
6.63 3 10234 J # s
Velocity of light in a vacuum
3 3 108 m/s
6.022 3 1023
molecules/mol
1.38 3 10216 erg/atom # K
8.62 3 1025 eV/atom # K
9.27 3 10221 erg/gaussa
4.8 3 10210 statcoulb
9.11 3 10228 g
1.987 cal/mol # K
unitya
unityb
6.63 3 10227 erg # s
4.13 3 10215 eV # s
3 3 1010 cm/s
a
b
In cgs-emu units.
In cgs-esu units.
Unit Abbreviations
A 5 ampere
in. 5
J5
K5
kg 5
lbf 5
lbm 5
m5
Mg 5
mm 5
mol 5
MPa 5
5 angstrom
Btu 5 British thermal unit
C 5 Coulomb
C 5 degrees Celsius
cal 5 calorie (gram)
cm 5 centimeter
eV 5 electron volt
F 5 degrees Fahrenheit
ft 5 foot
g 5 gram
inch
joule
degrees Kelvin
kilogram
pound force
pound mass
meter
megagram
millimeter
mole
megapascal
N
nm
P
Pa
s
T
mm
newton
nanometer
poise
Pascal
second
temperature
micrometer
(micron)
W 5 watt
psi 5 pounds per square
inch
SI Multiple and Submultiple Prefixes

Factor by Which
Multiplied
Prefix
Symbol
109
106
103
1022
1023
1026
1029
10212
giga
mega
kilo
centia
milli
micro
nano
pico
G
M
k
c
m
m
n
p
Avoided when possible.
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Power
1 W 5 0.239 cal/s
1 W 5 3.414 Btu/h
1 cal/s 5 14.29 Btu/h
1 cal/s 5 4.184 W
1 Btu/h 5 0.293 W
1 Btu/h 5 0.070 cal/s
Viscosity
1 Pa-s 5 10 P
1 P 5 0.1 Pa-s
Temperature, T
T(K) 5 273 1 T(8C)
T(8C) 5 T(K) 2 273
T(K) 5 95 [T(8F) 2 32] 1 273
T(8F) 5 95 [T(K) 2 273] 1 32
5
T(8C) 5 9 [T(8F) 2 32]
T(8F) 5 95 [T(8C)] 1 32
Specific Heat
1 J/kg # K 5 2.39 3 1024 cal/g # K
1 cal/g # 8C 5 4184 J/kg # K
24
#
#
1 J/kg K 5 2.39 3 10 Btu/lbm 8F
1 Btu/lbm # 8F 5 4184 J/kg # K
#
#
1 cal/g 8C 5 1.0 Btu/lbm 8F
1 Btu/lbm # 8F 5 1.0 cal/g # K
Thermal Conductivity
1 W/m # K 5 2.39 3 1023 cal/cm # s # K
1 cal/cm # s # K 5 418.4 W/m # K
1 W/m # K 5 0.578 Btu/ft # h # 8F
1 Btu/ft # h # 8F 5 1.730 W/m # K
1 cal/cm # s # K 5 241.8 Btu/ft # h # 8F
1 Btu/ft # h # 8F 5 4.136 3 1023 cal/cm # s # K
Periodic Table of the Elements
Metal
IA
Key
29
Atomic number
Cu
Symbol
1.0080
3
IIA
63.55
Li
Be
6.941
11
9.0122
12
0
Nonmetal
He
Atomic weight
Intermediate
VIII
IIIA
IVA
VA
VIA
VIIA
4.0026
10
Ne
10.811
13
12.011
14
14.007
15
15.999
16
18.998
17
20.180
18
Na
Mg
22.990
19
24.305
20
IIIB
IVB
VB
VIB
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
39.098
40.08
44.956
47.87
50.942
51.996
54.938
55.845
58.933
58.69
63.55
65.41
69.72
72.64
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.80
VIIB
IB
IIB
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
26.982
31
28.086
32
30.974
33
32.064
34
35.453
35
39.948
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Rb
Sr
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
Xe
85.47
55
87.62
56
88.91
91.22
72
92.91
73
95.94
74
(98)
75
101.07
76
102.91
77
106.4
78
107.87
79
112.41
80
114.82
81
118.71
82
121.76
83
127.60
84
126.90
85
131.30
86
Cs
Ba
132.91
87
137.33
88
Fr
Ra
(223)
(226)
Rare
earth
series
Actinide
series
Rare earth series
Actinide series
Hf
Ta
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
178.49
104
180.95
105
183.84
106
186.2
107
190.23
108
192.2
109
195.08
110
196.97
200.59
204.38
207.19
208.98
(209)
(210)
(222)
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
(261)
(262)
(266)
(264)
(277)
(268)
(281)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
138.91
140.12
140.91
144.24
(145)
150.35
151.96
157.25
158.92
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.04
174.97
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Ac
Th
Pa
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
(227)
232.04
231.04
238.03
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(262)
Unit Conversion Factors

1 m 5 1010
1 m 5 109 nm
1 m 5 106 mm
1 m 5 103 mm
1 m 5 102 cm
1 mm 5 0.0394 in.
1 cm 5 0.394 in.
1 m 5 3.28 ft
1 m2 5 104 cm2
1 mm2 5 1022 cm2
1 m2 5 10.76 ft2
1 cm2 5 0.1550 in.2
1 m3 5 106 cm3
1 mm3 5 1023 cm3
1 m3 5 35.32 ft3
1 cm3 5 0.0610 in.3
Length
Area
Volume
Mass
1 Mg 5 103 kg
1 kg 5 103 g
1 kg 5 2.205 lbm
1 g 5 2.205 3 1023 lbm
1 kg/m3 5 1023 g/cm3
1 Mg/m3 5 1 g/cm3
1 kg/m3 5 0.0624 lbm/ft3
1 g/cm3 5 62.4 lbm/ft3
1 g/cm3 5 0.0361 lbm/in.3
1 N 5 105 dynes
1 N 5 0.2248 lbf
Density
1 5 10210 m
1 nm 5 1029 m
1 mm 5 1026 m
1 mm 5 1023 m
1 cm 5 1022 m
1 in. 5 25.4 mm
1 in. 5 2.54 cm
1 ft 5 0.3048 m
1 cm2 5 1024 m2
1 cm2 5 102 mm2
1 ft2 5 0.093 m2
1 in.2 5 6.452 cm2
1 cm3 5 1026 m3
1 cm3 5 103 mm3
1 ft3 5 0.0283 m3
1 in.3 5 16.39 cm3
1 kg 5 1023 Mg
1 g 5 1023 kg
1 lbm 5 0.4536 kg
1 lbm 5 453.6 g
1 g/cm3 5 103 kg/m3
1 g/cm3 5 1 Mg/m3
1 lbm/ft3 5 16.02 kg/m3
1 lbm/ft3 5 1.602 3 1022 g/cm3
1 lbm/in.3 5 27.7 g/cm3
Force
1 dyne 5 1025 N
1 lbf 5 4.448 N
Stress
1 psi 5 6.90 3 1023 MPa
1 kg/mm2 5 9.806 MPa
1 dyne/cm2 5 0.10 Pa
1 psi 5 7.03 3 1024 kg/mm2
1 MPa 5 145 psi

1 MPa 5 0.102 kg/mm2
1 Pa 5 10 dynes/cm2
1 kg/mm2 5 1422 psi
Fracture Toughness
1 MPa1m 5 910 psi 1in.
1 psi1in. 5 1.099 3 1023 MPa 1m
1 J 5 107 ergs
1 J 5 6.24 3 1018 eV
1 J 5 0.239 cal
1 J 5 9.48 3 1024 Btu
1 J 5 0.738 ft # lbf
1 eV 5 3.83 3 10220 cal
1 cal 5 3.97 3 1023 Btu
Energy
1 erg 5 1027 J
1 eV 5 1.602 3 10219 J
1 cal 5 4.184 J
1 Btu 5 1054 J
1 ft # lbf 5 1.356 J
1 cal 5 2.61 3 1019 eV
1 Btu 5 252.0 cal

Appendix ABCD

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Appendix ABCD

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Characteristics of Selected Elements

Values of Selected Physical Constants

Velocity of light in a vacuum

SI Multiple and Submultiple Prefixes

Avoided when possible.

Periodic Table of the Elements

Rare earth series

Unit Conversion Factors

1 MPa 5 145 psi

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