SECTION : 2E

TIRES AND WHEELS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tire Size and Pressure Specifications . . . . . . . . Inflation Pressure Conversion Specifications . . Fastener Tightening Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . 2E1 2E1 2E2 2E2 Correcting NonUniform Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E7 Tire and Wheel MatchMounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E8 Tire Mounting and Dismounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E9 Tire and Wheel Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E9 Tire Chain Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E9 Replacement Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E10 All Season Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E10 Passenger Metric Sized Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E10 Tire Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E10 Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E10 Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E10 Inflation o Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E11

DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E2 Wheel Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E2 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E3 ONVEHICLE SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E3 Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OnVehicle Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNIT REPAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alloy Wheel Porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E3 2E4 2E5 2E5

Alloy Wheel Refinishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E5 OffVehicle Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2E7

SPECIFICATIONS
TIRE SIZE AND PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS
Inflation Pressure at Full Load
Tires 175 / 70R14 175 / 70R14 T125 / 70D15 185 / 65R14 185 / 65R14 T125 / 70D15 195 / 55R15 195 / 55R15 195 / 55R15 T125 / 70D15 Wheel kPa 5.5J x 14(Steel) 5.5J x 14(Alloy) 4T x 15 5.5J x 14(Steel) 5.5J x 14(Alloy) 4T x 15 6J x 15(Steel) 6J x 15(Alloy) 6J x 15 (Alloy, Sporty) 4T x 15 205 205 415 205 205 415 205 205 205 415 Front psi 30 30 60 30 30 60 30 30 30 60 kPa 205 205 415 205 205 415 205 205 205 415 Rear psi 30 30 60 30 30 60 30 30 30 60

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INFLATION PRESSURE CONVERSION SPECIFICATIONS

kPa 140 145 155 160 165 170 Psi 20 21 22 23 24 25 kPa 185 190 200 205 215 220 Psi 27 28 29 30 31 32 kPa 235 240 250 275 310 345 Psi 34 35 36 40 45 50

FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS

Application Wheel Bolt (Alloy Wheel) Wheel Bolt (Steel Wheel) NSm 100 100 LbFt 74 74 LbIn

DIAGNOSIS
WHEEL RUNOUT
Measure wheel runout with an accurate dial indicator. Measurements may be taken with the wheels either on or off the vehicle, using an accurate mounting surface such as a wheel balancer. Measurements may be taken with or without the tire mounted on the wheel. Measure radial runout and lateral runout on both the inboard and the outboard rim flanges. With the dial indicator firmly seated next to the wheel and tire assembly, slowly rotate the wheel one revolution and record the indicator reading. If any measurement exceeds the following specifications and there is a vibration that wheel balancing will not correct, replace the wheel. Disregard any indicator readings due to welds, paint runs, or scratches.

Steel Wheels
S S Radial runout: 0.8 mm (0.03 inch) Lateral runout: 1.0 mm (0.04 inch)

Alloy Wheels
S S Radial runout: 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) Lateral runout: 0.25 mm (0.01 inch)

Measure free radial runout on the center of the tire tread. The tread can be taped to present a smooth surface. Measure free lateral runout on the outboard side of the tire nearest to the tread.

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MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

ONVEHICLE SERVICE WHEEL
Removal Procedure
1. Loosen the wheel bolts. 2. Raise and suitably support the vehicle. 3. Remove the wheel bolts. Notice : Never use heat to loosen a tight wheel. It can shorten the life of the wheel, the wheel nuts and the wheel bearings. Excessive force, such as hammering the wheel or tire, can also cause damage and is not recommended. Slight tapping of the wheel sidewall with ones hand or with a rubber mallet is acceptable. 4. Remove the wheel. Difficulty in removing the wheels from the vehicle can be due to foreign material or to a tight fit between the wheel centerhole and the hub or the rotor. These wheels can be removed by 5. Retightening the wheel bolts on the affected wheel and then loosening the wheel bolts by two turns. 6. Lowering the vehicle and rocking it from side to side as hard as possible, using one or more persons body weight to loosen the wheel. 7. Raising the vehicle and removing the wheel. CAUTION : Do not allow the penetrating oil to get on the vertical surfaces between the wheel and the drum (or rotor) because penetrating oil in this area could cause the wheel to work loose as the vehicle is driven, resulting in loss of control and an injury accident. Penetrating oil is not effective in removing tight wheels. If it is used, however, apply it sparingly and only to the wheels centerhole area.

Installation Procedure
Notice : Before installing the wheels, remove any buildup of corrosion on the wheel mounting surface and the brake drum or the rotor mounting surface by scraping and brushing them with a wire brush. Installing the wheels without good metaltometal contact at the mounting surfaces can cause the wheel nuts to loosen, which can later allow a wheel to come off while the vehicle is moving. Wheel bolts must be tightened in sequence and to the proper torque to avoid bending the wheel, the brake drum or the rotor. 1. Mount the wheel. 2. Install the wheel bolts in the sequence shown. Do not tighten the wheel bolts. 3. Lower the vehicle.

Tighten
Tighten the wheel bolts to 100 NSm (74 lbft).

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ONVEHICLE BALANCING
Onvehicle balancing will help correct vibrations due to brake drum, rotor, and wheel cover imbalances. Notice : Do not allow the front suspension to hang free. When the drive axle is run at an extreme angle, extra vibrations can occur, as well as damage to seals and joints. 1. During onvehicle balancing, do not remove the balance weights from the offvehicle dynamic balance. 2. If more than 1 ounce of additional weight is required, split the weight between the inner and the outer rim flanges. CAUTION : Do not spin the drive wheels faster than 55km/h (35 mph) as indicated by the speedometer. This limit is necessary because the speedometer indicates only onehalf of the actual wheel speed when one drive wheel is spinning and the other drive wheel is stopped. Personal injury and damage may result from highspeed spinning. 3. Spin the driven tire and wheel assemblies using the engine.

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UNIT REPAIR ALLOY WHEEL POROSITY

Wheel repairs that use welding, heating or peening are not approved. 1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle. 2. Remove the wheel. Refer to Wheel in this section. CAUTION : To avoid serious injury, do not stand over the tire when inflating, because the bead may break when it snaps over the safety hump. Do not exceed 275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure in any tire if the beads are not seated. If 275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure will not seat the beads, deflate the tire. Relubricate the beads. Reinflate the tire. Overinflation may cause the bead to break and cause serious injury. 3. Locate leaking areas by inflating the tire to 345 kPa (50 psi) and dipping the tire and wheel assembly into a water bath. 4. Mark the leak areas and remove the tire from the wheel. 5. Scuff the inside wheel surface at the leak area with 80grit sandpaper. Clean the leak area with a generalpurpose cleaner. 6. Apply a 3.3 mm (0.13 inch) thick layer of adhesive/ sealant to the leak area. Allow it to dry for 12 hours. 7. Install the tire on the wheel. Inflate the tire to 345 kPa (50 psi) and check for leaks as in step 3. 8. Adjust the tire pressure to meet specifications. Refer to Tire Size and Pressure Specifications in this section. 9. Balance the wheel. Refer to Tire and Wheel Balancing in this section. 10. Install the wheel. Refer to Wheel in this section. 11. Lower the vehicle.

ALLOY WHEEL REFINISHING

A protective clear or color coating is applied to the surface of the original equipment cast alloy wheels. Surface degradation can develop if this clear coating is damaged or removed. This can happen at some automatic car wash facilities that use silicon carbidetipped tire brushes to clean white walls and tires. Once the protective coating is damaged, exposure to caustic cleaners or road salt causes further surface degradation. The following procedure details how to strip, clean and recoat alloy wheels. CAUTION : To avoid serious personal injury, follow the manufacturers recommendations and cautions when using these materials. Required materials: S Amchem Alumi Prep No. 33. Stock No. DX533 or equivalent cleaning and conditioning chemical for alloys.

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Amchem Alodine No. 1001. Stock No. DX50T or equivalent coating chemical for alloys. S Ditzler Delclear Acrylic Urethane Clear, Stock No. DAU75 or equivalent. S Ditzler Delthane UltraUrethane Additive, Stock No. DXR80 or equivalent. Before repairing the alloy damage or the clear coat damage, prepare the wheels and the tires. 1. Remove the wheel from the vehicle. 2. Mark the location of the outboard weights and remove them. 3. Wash the wheel inside and out with a waterbased, allpurpose cleaner. Remove the grease and oil with a solvent cleaner. 4. Mask the tire prior to painting. 5. Using a 400grit wet or dry sandpaper, sand over the painted areas that will not require recoloring. Sanding will promote the adhesion of the clear coat. S

Alloy Damage on Wheel Surface

1. 2. Mount the wheel on a brake lathe and spin the assembly slowly. Sand the wheel with a backing block or pad. Hold the backing block or pad flat to the surface of the wheel and sand slowly back and forth from the center to the outer edge of the tire to remove the damage. Use the following sandpaper grits in the order listed: 1) 2) 3) 80 grit. 150 grit. 240 grit.

Clear Coat Damage on Unpainted Wheels

1. Apply the chemical stripper Amchem Alumi Prep No. 33. Use a small 1/4inch detail brush to apply the stripper around the perimeter and spokelike areas. 2. Remove the stripper according to the manufacturers recommendations. CAUTION : To avoid serious personal injury, do not use engine power to rotate the wheel while sanding. 3. Sand the wheel with 240grit sandpaper by rotating the wheel on a slowspinning brake lathe or by mounting the wheel on the car and spinning it by hand. Sanding restores the machined appearance and promotes adhesion. After repairing the alloy or clear coat damage, the wheels must be recoated.

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TIRES AND WHEELS 2E 7 Recoating Procedure

CAUTION : To avoid serious personal injury when applying any twopart component paint system, follow the specific precautions provided by the paint manufacturer. Failure to follow these precautions may cause lung irritation and an allergic respiratory reaction. 1. Clean the surface. 2. Soak the wheel with Amchem Alumi Prep No. 33 or equivalent for 1 to 3 minutes. Rinse the wheel with water and blow it dry. 3. Soak the wheel with Amchem Alodine No. 1001 or equivalent for 1 to 3 minutes. Rinse the wheel with water and blow it dry. 4. Finish with Ditzler Delclear Urethane and Ditzler UltraUrethane Additive or equivalent, using three coats. 1st coat spray on a light mist coat; let dry. 2nd coat spray or paint on a light coat; let dry. 3rd coat spray or paint on a heavy double wet coat; let dry. 5. Let the urethane dry for 24 hours or flash for 30 minutes and force dry at 60C (140F) for 30 minutes. Allow the urethane to cool for 5 minutes before mounting the wheel on the vehicle.

OFFVEHICLE BALANCING
Perform wheel balancing with an electronic offvehicle balancer. The balancer is easy to use and gives both a static and a dynamic balance. Unlike onvehicle balancing, the offvehicle balancer does not correct for drum or rotor imbalance. This drawback is overcome by its accuracy (usually to within 1/8 ounce). Secure the wheel on the balancer with a cone through the back side of the centerhole, not through the wheel bolt holes.

CORRECTING NONUNIFORM TIRES

There are two ways to correct properly balanced tires which still vibrate. One method uses an automatic machine which loads the tire and buffs small amounts of rubber from high spots on the outer two tread rows. Correction by this method is usually permanent and, if it is done properly, does not significantly affect the appearance or the tread life of the tire. Tire truing with a bladetype machine is not recommended because it substantially reduces the tread life and often does not correct the problem permanently. Another method is to dismount the tire and rotate it 180 degrees on the rim. Do this only on the tire and wheel assemblies which are known to be causing a vibration because this method is just as likely to cause good assemblies to vibrate.

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TIRE AND WHEEL MATCHMOUNTING

The tires and wheels are matchmounted at the assembly plant. Matchmounting aligns the radially stiffest part of the tire, or high spot, to the smallest radius, or low spot, of the wheel. The high spot of the tire is originally marked by a red paint mark or an adhesive label on the outboard sidewall. The low spot of the wheel will be at the location of the valve stem. Before dismounting a tire from its wheel, scribe a line on the tire at the valve stem to assure that it is remounted in the same position. Replacement tires that are of original equipment quality will have their high and low spot marked in the same manner.

TIRE MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING

Notice : Use a tirechanging machine to mount or dismount the tires. Follow the equipment manufacturers instructions. Do not use hand tools or tire irons to change tires. These tools may damage the beads or the wheel rim. 1. Clean the rim bead seats with a wire brush or coarse steel wool to remove lubricants, old rubber, and light rust. Before mounting or dismounting a tire, lubricate the bead area well with an approved tire lubricant. CAUTION : To avoid serious injury, do not stand over the tire when inflating it, because the bead may break when it snaps over the safety hump. Do not exceed 275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure in any tire if the beads are not seated. If 275 kPa (40 psi) of air pressure will not seat the beads, deflate the tire. Relubricate the bead and reinflate the tire. Overinflation may cause the bead to break and cause serious injury. 2. fter mounting the tire, inflate it until the beads are seated. Never exceed 275 kPa (40 psi) to seat the beads. 3. Install the valve core and inflate the tire to the proper pressure. Make sure the locating ring outside of the bead of the tire shows around the rim flanges of the wheel on both sides. This positioning of the tire will insure that the bead of the tire is seated.

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION

TIRE AND WHEEL BALANCING
There are two types of tire and wheel balancing: static and dynamic. Static balance is the equal distribution of weight around the wheel. Assemblies that are statically unbalanced cause a bouncing action called wheel tramp. This condition may eventually cause uneven tire wear.

Wheel Weights
If more than 85 grams (3.0 ounces) are needed to static balance the wheel, split the wheel weights as equally as possible between the inboard and the outboard flanges. Balancing the assemblies with factory alloy wheels requires the use of special nyloncoated, clipon wheel weights. These weights are designed to fit over the thicker rim flange of the alloy wheel. Install these weights with a plastictipped hammer. Adhesive wheel weights are also available. Use the following procedure to install adhesive wheel weights

Adhesive Wheel Weight Installation

Dynamic balance is the equal distribution of weight on each side of the centerline so that when the assembly spins there is no tendency for it to move from side to side. Assemblies that are dynamically unbalanced may cause wheel shimmy. 1. 2. Clean the wheel by sanding it to bare alloy where the wheel weight will be installed. Use a clean cloth or paper towel saturated with a mixture of half isopropyl alcohol and half water to wipe the place where the wheel weight will be installed. Dry the area with hot air. The surface of the wheel should be warm to the touch. Warm the adhesive backing on the wheel weights to room temperature. Remove the tape from the back of the weights. Do not touch the adhesive surface. Apply the the wheel weight and press it on with hand pressure. Secure the wheel weight with a 70110 N (1625 lb) force applied with a roller.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

TIRE CHAIN USAGE

Due to limited tiretobody clearance on certain vehicles, recommendations for tire chain use are published in the Owners Manual. When tire chains need to be used, most current Daewoo vehicles require SAE Class S tire chains. These may also be designated as 1100 Series, type PL tire chains. These chains are specifically designed to limit the fly off effect which occurs when the wheel rotates. Be sure that only finelink chains are used which do not add more than 15 mm (0.590 inch), including the lock, to the tread surface and the inner sides of the tires. Manufac-

General Balance Precautions

Remove all deposits of foreign material from the inside of the wheel. CAUTION : Remove stones from the tread in order to avoid operator injury during spin balancing. Inspect the tire for any damage. Balance the tire according to the equipment manufacturers recommendations.
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turers of tire chains have a specific chain size for each tire size to ensure a proper fit when the chain is installed. Be sure to purchase the correct chains for the tires on which they are to be used. Use rubber adjusters to take up any slack or clearance in loose chains. Use of chains may adversely affect vehicle handling. When tire chains are installed, follow these precautions: S S S Adjust speed to road conditions. Avoid sharp turns. Avoid lockedwheel braking.

ALL SEASON TIRES

Most vehicles are now equipped with steelbelted all season radial tires as standard equipment. These tires qualify as snow tires, with a 37 percent higher average rating for snow traction than the nonall season radial tires previously used. Other performance areas, such as wet traction, rolling resistance, tread life, and air retention, have also been improved. This was done by improvements in both tread design and tread compounds. These tires are identified by an M + S molded in the tire sidewall following the size number. The suffix MS is also molded in the sidewall after the TPC specification number. The optional handling tires used on some vehicles are not all season tires. These will not have the MS marking after the tire size or the TPC specification number.

To prevent chain damage to the vehicle, install the chains on the front tires as tightly as possible. Tighten them again after driving 0.4 to 0.8 kilometer (0.3 to 0.5 mile). The use of chains on the rear tires is not recommended because they may contact the vehicle and possibly damage it. If chains must be used on the rear tires, be sure there is sufficient clearance between the chains and the body. Do not exceed 70 km/h (45 mph) or the chain manufacturers speed limit, if lower. Avoid large bumps, potholes, severe turns and any other maneuvers which could cause the tires to bounce. Follow any other instructions of the chain manufacturer which do not disagree with the above instructions.

PASSENGER METRIC SIZED TIRES

All Daewoo vehicles now use Passenger (P) metric sized tires. Pmetric tires are available in two load ranges: standard load (35 psi maximum) and extra load (41 psi maximum). Most passenger vehicle tires are standard load. Most Pmetric tire sizes do not have exact corresponding alphanumeric tire sizes. For example, a P175/70R13 is not exactly equal in size and loadcarrying capacity to an FR7013. For this reason, replacement tires should be of the same TPC specification number as the originals. If P metric tires must be replaced with other sizes, consult a tire dealer. Tire companies can best recommend the closest match of alphanumeric to Pmetric sizes within their own tire lines. The metric term for measuring tire inflation pressure is the kilopascal (kPa). Tire pressure may be printed in both kPa and psi. One psi equals 6.895 kPa. See the tire label or refer to Tire Size and Pressure Specifications in this section for tire inflation pressures.

REPLACEMENT TIRES
A tire performance criteria (TPC) specification number is molded in the sidewall near the tire size of all original equipment tires. This specification number assures that the tire meets performance standards for traction, endurance, dimensions, noise, handling and rolling resistance. Usually a specific TPC number is assigned to each tire size. CAUTION : Do not mix different types of tires on the same vehicle such as radial, bias and biasbelted tires except in emergencies, because vehicle handling may be seriously affected and may result in loss of control. Use only replacement tires with the same size, load range, and construction as the original. The use of any other tire size or construction type may seriously affect ride, handling, speedometer/odometer calibration, vehicle ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body and the chassis. This does not apply to the spare tire furnished with the vehicle. It is recommended that new tires be installed in pairs on the same axle. If it is necessary to replace only one tire, pair it with the tire having the most tread to equalize the braking action. Although they may appear different in tread design, tires built by different manufacturers with identical TPC specifications may be used on the same vehicle.

TIRE LABEL
The tire label is permanently located on the rear face of the drivers door and should be referred to for tire information. It lists the maximum vehicle load, the tire size (including the spare tire), and the cold inflation pressure (including the spare tire).

SPARE TIRE
The notchback and the wagon come equipped with a full sized tire on a steel wheel. The hatchback comes equipped with a reducedsized temporary tire on a steel wheel.

WHEELS
Wheels must be replaced if they are bent, dented, have excessive lateral or radial runout, leak air through welds, have elongated bolt holes, or if the wheel bolts wont stay tight or are heavily rusted. Wheels with excessive runout may cause vehicle vibration. Replacement wheels must be equivalent to the original equipment wheels in load caDAEWOO V121 BL4

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pacity, diameter, rim width, offset, and mounting configuration. A wheel of improper size or type may affect wheel and bearing life, brake cooling, speedometer/odometer calibration, vehicle ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body and the chassis. The wheel offset is 49 1 mm (1.93 0.04 inches). Steel wheels may be identified by a two or threeletter code stamped into the rim near the valve stem. Alloy wheels should have the code, the part number, and the manufacturer ID cast into the back side. mph), even if permitted by law, is not advised unless the vehicle has special highspeed tires available from many tire dealers. Tire pressures may increase as much as 41 kPa (6 psi) when the tires are hot. Higher than recommended tire pressure can cause S S S Hard ride. Tire bruising or damage. Rapid tread wear at the center of the tire.

INFLATION O TIRES
The pressure recommended for any vehicle line is carefully calculated to give a satisfactory ride, handling, tread life, and loadcarrying capacity. Tire pressure should be checked monthly or before any extended trip. Check the tires when they are cold, after the vehicle has sat for 3 hours or more, or has been driven less than 1 mile. Set the tire pressure to the specifications on the tire label located on the rear face of the drivers door. Tire inflation pressure is also given under Tire Size and Pressure Specifications in this section. Valve caps or extensions should be on the valves to keep dust and water out. For sustained driving at speeds up to 140 km/h (85 mph), inflate the tires to the pressure recommended on the tire. Sustained driving at speeds faster than 140 km/h (85

Lower than recommended pressure can cause S S S S S S Tire squeal on turns. Hard steering. Rapid and uneven wear on the edges of the tread. Tire rim bruises and rupture. Tire cord breakage. High tire temperatures.

Unequal tire pressures on same axle can cause S S S S S Uneven braking. Steering lead. Reduced handling. Swerve on acceleration. Torque steer.

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