Drivers For Light Emitting Displays Appnote 24

by Dave Takagishi

The purpose of this application note is to provide some information on the integrated circuits presently available to drive Light Emitting Diodes (LED) displays and how to interface them to the various displays. Background LED displays come in various sizes (0.1 to 0.8), colors (red, high-efciency red, green, yellow and blue), fonts (7/9/14/16 segment, dot-matrix, or bargraph), and types (common anode, common cathode, multi-digit). The brightness is essentially proportional to the current through an LED and each element within a display should have the same current or a brightness variation may be apparent. A display subsystem can be made up from several elements. Figure 1. Display system

For circuits using TTL logic or transistors, see Figure 3.

Vcc Vce Vf Rs = -------------------------------------If

Vf

Vf

VCE Latch Main Data or System Memory

VCE

Decoder

Driver

Display TTL or Transistor Darlington Transistor

The partitioning of these elements are dependent on the drivers used; therefore the display driver chosen is dependent on the specications of the display and the application. Also some types of displays require using a multiplexing technique because of the internal interconnections. This is only applicable for multi-digit displays. Typical Circuits Figure 2 shows a very basic circuit for driving an LED. The series resistance can be easily calculated from the following formula.

It can be seen that Vce (saturation voltage) for the driver is going to be a factor in determining the series limiting resistor. Therefore a darlington versus a single output transistor will have different current limiting resistor values to maintain a constant current through the LED. Figure 4. Common cathode display
a b c d e f g

Vb Vf Rs = -----------------If
Figure 2. Basic circuit to drive an LED
VB IF RS

CC

Figure 5. Common anode display

Vf 1454

Figure 6. Common cathode display with driver

Figure 8. Open collector type driver with common anode display

7448 or Equivalent A RS B RS C RS D RS E RS F RS G RS A RS B RS C RS

7447 or equivalent

Figure 7. Common anode display with driver

Figure 9. Open collector type driver with common cathode display

7447 or Equivalent 1 2 3 4

7449 or equivalent

Data Input

Selection One factor in choosing the display and/or driver will be whether the display is a common cathode or common anode type display. Another factor is that different drivers go low or high or can be wired into different congurations. From Figures 6/7/8/9, it may appear obvious to combine the seven series resistors (Rs) into one common resistor in the common line. However this should not be done because of the possible variation in Vf from segment to segment. Variation in Vf can cause a variation in current, resulting in segment brightness differences. Table 1 is list of some of the most common LED drivers available. Besides having different current drive capabilities, one product may have a feature which may make them easier to use in a particular application: Serial versus parallel input data Data latching type drivers Blanking Drive ripple blanking input (rbo) with pulse width modulation to vary brightness Multi-digit drivers Constant current drivers Advantage of a constant current driver as Vf may not affect brightness, important with different color LEDs.

Multiplexing ln a multiplex system, the corresponding segment of each digit is bussed together and driven from one segment drive via the usual current limiting resistors. The display data is presented serially by digit to the decoder driver together with the appropriate digit signal (Figure 10). For more information multiplexing, see Appnote 3 (Multiplexing LED Displays). One way to simplify the design procedure for alphanumeric displays would be to consider Siemens Intelligent Displays. This device family incorporates all necessary interface control with drivers and memory built-in with the display. This means the designer need not be concerned about the memory, multiplex circuitry, character generator, or drivers for these are provided inside a modular unit. More information on these products is available in Siemens Optoelectronics Data Book. Circuits shown in this Appnote are for reference only and are not the responsibility of Siemens Optoelectronics. Products are continually being improved by vendors and/or are obsoleted; therefore consult the factory.

Appnote 24

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Figure 10. Block diagram4 digit multiplexed display

Data Storage

Segment Decoder

Segment Driver

Data Selector OSC Digit Selector

Digit Digit Digit Digit Driver Driver Driver Driver

Table 1. Single Digit Decoder/Drivers Part Number 7447 74247 7446 Manufacturer Fairchild Hitachi Motorola National Signetics Teledyne Tl Fairchild Hitachi Motorola National Signetics Tl Fairchild Hitachi Motorola National Signetics Tl National National Fairchild National Motorola National Signetics Signetics RCA Fairchild Fairchild If/Segment 40 mA Type CA Comments BCD-to-7 segment, open coll, ripple blnkng

7448 74248

6 mA

CC

BCD-to-7 segment, int pull-up, ripple blnkng

7449 74249

8 mA

CC

BCD-to-7 segment, open coll, ripple blnkng

DS8857 DS8858 CD4511 4511 B MC14511 DS8647 DS8648 NE587 NE589 CA3161E 9368 9374

60 mA 50 mA 25 mA

CA CC CC

BCD-to-7 segment, decoder, ripple blnkng BCD-to-7 segment, decoder, ripple blnkng BCD-to-7-segment, latched, blnkng

10 mA 50 mA 50 mA 25 mA 20 mA 15 mA

CC CA CC CA CC CA

9 segment drivers BCD-to-7-segment, latched, blnkng, vari current BCD-to-7-segment, latched, blnkng, vari current BCD-to-7-segment, constant current drivers BCD-to-7-segment, ripple blnkng BCD-to-7-segment, ripple blnkng

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Table 1. (continued) Multi-Digit Display Drivers Part Number SDA2014 SDA2131 MM5450 MM5451 MM74C912 MM74C911 MM74917 DS8669 CA3168E ICM7212 ICM7212A ICM7212M ICM7212AM ICM7218A ICM7218B ICM7218C ICM7218D ICM7218E TSC700A TSC7212A SAA1060 Other Drivers XR-2000 XR-2201 XR-2202 XR-2203 XR-2204 CA3081 CA3082 9665 9667 Exar Exar 400 mA 500 mA sink sink 5 darlington transistors, MOS-to-LED 7 darlington transistors, open collector w/diodes, TTL-to-LED, compatible to Sprague (ULN-xxxx) Manufacturer Siemens Siemens National National National National National National RCA Intersil If/Segment 12 mA 20 mA 25 mA 25 mA 100 mA 100 mA 100 mA 25 mA 25 mA 8 mA Type CC CA CA CA CC CC CC CA CA CA Comments 2 or 4 digit, serial bcd input 16 element serial input 34 segment serial input, brightness control 35 segment serial input, brightness control 6 digit, 7 segment+decimal, BCD decoder, output enble 4 digit, 8 segments controller/segment/driver 6 digit, 7 segments+decimal, Hex decoder, output enble Dual BCD-to-7 segment decoder/driver Dual BCD-to-7 segment decoder/driver 4 digit, latched, 28 segment drivers, brightness cntl

Intersil Intersil Intersil Intersil Intersil Teledyne Teledyne Signetics

20 mA 10 mA 20 mA 10 mA 20 mA 11 mA 5 mA 40 mA

CA CC CA CC CA CA CA CA

8 digit, 8 segment (decoded/spcl), w/mem/drivers 8 digit, 8 segment (decoded/spcl), w/mem/drivers 8 digit, 8 segment (hex/bcd), w/mem/drivers 8 digit, 8 segment (hex/bcd), w/mem/drivers 8 digit, 8 segment (decoded/spcl), w/mem/drivers, cntls avble 4 digit decoder/driver, parallel output, brightness cntl 4 digit decoder/driver, parallel output, brightness cntl 16 element serial in/parallel out driver

RCA RCA Fairchild

100 mA 100 mA 250 mA

sink source sink

7 common emitter transistor array 7 common emitter transistor array 7 common emitter darlington transistor array

Bar Graph Drivers UAA180 LM3914 LM3915 Siemens National National 10 mA 220 mA 130 mA n.a. n.a. n.a. 12 element bar driver 10 element dot/bar linear output driver 10 element dot/bar linear output driver

Appnote 24

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