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Torsional Behaviour of Asymmetrical Buildings

The document discusses the torsional behavior of asymmetrical buildings during earthquakes. It analyzes a 4-story reinforced concrete building with an irregular plan in two cases: without considering torsion, and considering torsion. When torsion is considered, the design eccentricity is calculated and used to model additional seismic loading cases. The results show increased reinforcement is required in columns on the flexible side of the building when torsion is considered. Several columns failed when designed considering torsion. Properly accounting for torsional effects is important for irregular building designs to accurately capture structural response during earthquakes.

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257 views4 pages

Torsional Behaviour of Asymmetrical Buildings

The document discusses the torsional behavior of asymmetrical buildings during earthquakes. It analyzes a 4-story reinforced concrete building with an irregular plan in two cases: without considering torsion, and considering torsion. When torsion is considered, the design eccentricity is calculated and used to model additional seismic loading cases. The results show increased reinforcement is required in columns on the flexible side of the building when torsion is considered. Several columns failed when designed considering torsion. Properly accounting for torsional effects is important for irregular building designs to accurately capture structural response during earthquakes.

Uploaded by

Sarah Howell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-1146-1149 ISSN: 2249-6645

Torsional Behaviour of Asymmetrical Buildings


Sachin G. Maske, 1 Dr. P. S. Pajgade2
Department of civil Engineering Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera, M.E. (Structural Engineering) Final Year 2 Professor in Department of civil Engineering Prof. Ram Meghe institute of Technology and Research, Badnera Abstract: Torsional behaviour of asymmetric building is one of the most frequent source of structural damage and failure during strong ground motions. In this work a study on the influence of the torsion effects on the behaviour of structure is done. In building two cases are considered, case one is without considering torsion and case two is considering torsion. The Indian standard code of practice IS-1893 (Part I: 2002) guidelines and methodology are used to analyzed and designed building. Results are compared in terms of % Ast in columns. Keywords: Asymmetric plan, Earthquake, Eccentricity, Torsion. I. Introduction Seismic damage surveys and analyses conducted on modes of failure of building structures during past severe earthquakes concluded that most vulnerable building structures are those, which are asymmetric in nature. Asymmetric-plan buildings, namely buildings with in-plan asymmetric mass and strength distributions, are systems characterized by a coupled torsional-translational seismic response. Asymmetric building structures are almost unavoidable in modern construction due to various types of functional and architectural requirements. Torsion in buildings during earthquake shaking may be caused from a variety of reasons, the most common of which are non-symmetric distributions of mass and stiffness. Modern codes deal with torsion by placing restrictions on the design of buildings with irregular layouts and also through the introduction of an accidental eccentricity that must be considered in design. The lateral-torsional coupling due to eccentricity between centre of mass (CM) and centre of rigidity (CR) in asymmetric building structures generates torsional vibration even under purely translational ground shaking. During seismic shaking of the structural systems, inertia force acts through the centre of mass while the resistive force acts through the centre of rigidity as shown in Fig. 1.
1

Fig1- Generation of torsional moment in asymmetric structures during seismic excitation.

Fig 2- Building plan www.ijmer.com 1146 | Page

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-1146-1149 ISSN: 2249-6645

II. Building Details


The structural analysis and design of four storey reinforced concrete asymmetrical frame building has been done with the help of Etab software. The building is assumed as commercial complex. Linear static analysis has been done. Regular grid plan of the structure is shown in fig 2. The structure is assumed to be located in seismic zone IV on a site with medium soil. Building contains different irregularity like plan irregularity and Re- Entrant corner irregularity. Building is studied for two cases as mentioned below: Case 1: seismic analysis of building is done without considering design eccentricity. Case 2: seismic analysis of building is done considering torsion. Centre of mass, Centre of rigidity, static eccentricity and design eccentricity is calculated for seismic forces at each floor level. Structural data: Table1: Structural data No of storey Ground storey height Intermediate storey height Total no of columns Slab thickness Outer wall Inner wall Parapet (1m height) Beam size Column size Grade of concrete Grade of steel Density of concrete Density of brick Live load Roof Live load Floor finish = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Earthquake data: Seismic Zone Importance factor Response reduction factor Type of soil Damping = = = = = IV 1.5 5 (SMRF) TYPE II (Medium) 5% 4 3.5m 3.2m 64 125mm 230mm 150mm 230mm B1= 230 x 450 mm B2= 300 x 600 mm A1 = 230 x 450 mm A2= 300 x 600 mm M20 Fe415 25kN/m3 20 kN /m3 4 kN /m2 2 kN /m2 1 kN /m2

III. Analysis And Design


The asymmetric building is analysed by modelling two models Case 1- asymmetric building without considering design eccentricity (edi) Case 2- asymmetric building considering design eccentricity (edi) Case 1 building is modelled in Etab; a rigid diaphragm is assigned at different storey level. Supports are assigned as fixed supports neglecting soil structure interaction. A linear static analysis was performed for two earthquake cases, earthquake in X-direction (Eqx) and in Y-direction (Eqy) by defining auto seismic lateral loading in Etab. Case 1 is design for 13 load combinations. Case 2 building is same as case1, from output data from Etab the design eccentricity is calculated as the difference between centre of mass and centre of rigidity. Table 2- Design eccentricity in X- direction esi=XCR - XCCM 0.05 x bi edi=1.5(esi) + 0.05(bi) 0.535 1.4 2.2025 0.454 1.4 2.081 0.402 1.4 2.003 0.278 1.4 1.817

Story STORY5 STORY 4 STORY3 STORY2

XCCM 15.014 15.036 15.036 15.035

XCR 15.549 15.49 15.438 15.313

edi=(esi) - 0.05(bi) -0.865 -0.946 -0.998 -1.122

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-1146-1149 ISSN: 2249-6645 Table3 - Design eccentricity in Y- direction esi=YCR - YCCM 0.05 x bi edi=1.5(esi) + 0.05(bi) 1.409 1.55 3.6635 1.342 1.55 3.563 1.389 1.55 3.6335 1.536 1.55 3.854

Story STORY5 STORY 4 STORY3 STORY2

YCCM 17.225 17.329 17.349 17.357

YCR 18.634 18.671 18.738 18.893

edi=(esi) - 0.05(bi) -0.141 -0.208 -0.161 -0.014

XCCM = Centre of mass in X -direction YCCM = Centre of mass in Y -direction XCR = Centre of rigidity in X -direction YCR = Centre of rigidity in Y -direction edi = Design eccentricity at ith floor esi = Static eccentricity at ith floor bi = Floor plan dimension of floor ith perpendicular to the direction of force. The value of design eccentricity is calculated from table 2 and 3 is assigned to auto seismic lateral loading cases by overriding diaphragm eccentricity. Earthquake cases EXTP = Earthquake in X- direction torsion positive. EXTN = Earthquake in X- direction torsion negative. EYTP = Earthquake in Y- direction torsion positive. EYTN = Earthquake in Y- direction torsion negative. Case 2 building is design for 25 loading combination. Results: Comparison of Ast for various columns. Graph 1- % Ast in columns on stiff side

Graph 2- % Ast in columns on flexible side

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013 pp-1146-1149 ISSN: 2249-6645 Graph 3- % Ast in columns failed in torsion

IV. Conclusion
In the asymmetric building case 2, it was observed that the forces in the columns located in the stiff side of the plan are much smaller than those obtained in the elements of the flexible side of the plan. There is no significant change in column forces around centre of rigidity. It is observed that column no C2, C3, C6, C7 and C8 in case 2(columns which are farthest from centre of rigidity) while designing it considering design eccentricity are failed. Column no C25, C26 and C50 (columns on flexible side) are failed in case 2. (Reinforcement required exceeds maximum allowed). Most of the designer adopts approximate methods for the torsional analysis of building. However this may be an inaccurate assessment. Several studies of structural damage during the past earthquake reveal that torsion is the most critical factor leading to major damage or complete collapse of building. It is, therefore, necessary that irregular buildings should be analyzed for torsion. A three dimensional analysis using Etab is able to calculate the center of rigidity; by getting these values we can perform torsional analysis.

References
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Bijily B, (2012) Critical evaluation of torsional provision in IS-1893: 2002. Dutta, S. C., (2001). Effect of Strength Deterioration on Inelastic Seismic Torsional Behaviour of Asymmetric RC Buildings, Building and Environment, 36(0), 1109-1118. 16. S. K. Dubey, (2011) Seismic behaviour of asymmetric R C buildings. H. J. Shah, S. K. Jain, Design example of six storey building. M.D. Bensalah, et. al., Assessments of the torsion effect in asymmetric buildings under seismic load.(15 WCEE). Rucha S. Banginwar, M. R. Vyawahare, (2012) Effects of plan configuration on the seismic behaviour of the structure by response spectrum method. Rudra Nevatia, Torsional Provisions In IS: 1893(2002) IS 1893 Part 1, (2002).Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. S K Jain et. al. Proposed Draft Provision and commentary on Indian seismic code IS 1893 (Part 1).

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