List of Copper Alloys

List of copper alloys

Copper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion. The best known traditional types are bronze, where tin is a significant addition, and brass, using zinc instead. Both these are imprecise terms, both having been commonly referred to as lattens in the past. Today the term copper alloy tends to be substituted, especially by museums.[1]
Composition
The similarity in external appearance of the various alloys, along with the different combinations of elements used when making each alloy, can lead to confusion when categorizing the different compositions. There are as many as 400 different copper and copper-alloy compositions loosely grouped into the categories: copper, high copper alloy, brasses, bronzes, copper nickels, coppernickelzinc (nickel silver), leaded copper, and special alloys. The following table lists the principal alloying element for four of the more common types used in modern industry, along with the name for each type. Historical types, such as those that characterize the Bronze Age, are vaguer as the mixtures were generally variable.
Classification of copper and its alloys

Family Copper alloys, brass Phosphor bronze Aluminium bronzes Silicon bronzes Principal alloying element Zinc (Zn) Tin (Sn) Aluminium (Al) Silicon (Si) UNS numbers C1xxxxC4xxxx,C66400C69800 C5xxxx C60600C64200 C64700C66100 C7xxxx
Copper nickel, nickel silvers Nickel (Ni)
Mechanical properties of common copper alloys[2]

Name Nominal composition (percentages) Form and condition Yield strength (0.2% offset, ksi) 10 Tensile strength (ksi) Elongation in 2inches (percent) Hardness (Brinell scale) Comments
Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133) " " Gilding metal (ASTM B36)
Cu 99.9
Annealed
32
45
42
Electrical equipment, roofing, screens
" " Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0
Cold-drawn Cold-rolled Cold-rolled
40 40 50
45 46 56
15 5 5
90 100 114
" " Coins, bullet jackets
Cartridge brass (ASTM Cu 70.0, Zn 30.0 B14, B19, B36, B134, B135)
Cold-rolled
63
76
155
Good for cold-working; radiators, hardware, electrical, drawn cartridge cases. High fatigue-strength and spring qualities
Phosphor bronze (ASTM B103, B139, B159)
Cu 89.75, Sn 10.0, P 0.25
Spring temper
122
241
2
Cu 65.0, Zn 35.0 Annealed 18 48 60 55 Good corrosion resistance
Yellow or High brass (ASTM B36, B134, B135) " "
" "
Cold-drawn Cold-rolled (HT) Annealed
55 60
70 74
15 10
115 180
" "
Manganese bronze (ASTM 138)
Cu 58.5, Zn 39.2, Fe 1.0, Sn 1.0, Mn 0.3 " Cu 60.0, Zn 39.25, Sn 0.75 " Cu 60.0, Zn 40.0
30
60
30
95
Forgings
" Naval brass (ASTM B21) " Muntz metal (ASTM B111) Aluminium bronze (ASTM B169 alloy A, B124, B150) " Beryllium copper (ASTM B194, B196, B197)
Cold-drawn Annealed
50 22
80 56
20 40
180 90
" Resistance to salt corrosion " Condensor tubes
Cold-drawn Annealed
40 20
65 54
35 45
150 80
Cu 92.0, Al 8.0
Annealed
25
70
60
80
" Cu 97.75, Be 2.0, Co or Ni 0.25
Hard Annealed, solution-treated
65 32
105 70
7 45
210 B60 (Rockwell)
" Electrical, valves, pumps, oilfield tools, aerospace landing gears, robotic welding, mold [3] making "
"
"
Cold-rolled
104
110
B81 (Rockwell) B80 (Rockwell) 70
Free-cutting brass
Cu 62.0, Zn 35.5, Pb 2.5 Cu 65.0, Zn 17.0, Ni 18.0 " Cu 76.5, Ni 12.5, Pb 9.0, Sn 2.0 Cu 88.35, Ni 10.0, Fe 1.25, Mn 0.4 " Cu 70.0, Ni 30.0
Cold-drawn
44
70
18
Screws, nuts, gears, keys
Nickel silver (ASTM B112) " Nickel silver (ASTM B149) Cupronickel (ASTM B111, B171) " Cupronickel
Annealed
25
58
40
Hardware
Cold-rolled Cast
70 18
85 35
4 15
170 55
" Easy to machine; ornaments, plumbing Condensor, salt-water pipes " Heat-exchange equipment, valves
Annealed
22
44
45
Cold-drawn tube 57 Wrought
60
15
[4] Ounce metal Copper Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb Cast 5.0, Sn 5.0 Alloy C83600 (also known as "Red brass" or "composition metal") (ASTM B62) Gunmetal (known as "red brass" in US) Varies Cu 80-90%, Zn <5%, Sn ~10%, +other elements@ <1%
17
37
25
60
Mechanical properties of Copper Development Association (CDA) copper alloys[5]

Family CDA Tensile strength [ksi] Min. Red brass 833 836 838 Semi-red brass 844 848 Manganese bronze 862 863 865 Tin bronze 903 905 907 Leaded tin bronze 922 923 926 927 High-leaded tin bronze 932 934 935 936 937 938 943 Aluminium bronze 21 952 953 954 955 958 Silicon bronze
Yield strength [ksi] Min. Typ. 10 14 12 13 12 45 60 25 18 18 18 16 16 18 17 16 15 14 48 83 28 21 22 22 20 20 20 21 14 18 16 12 16 12 14 13 16 21 18 16 10 27 27 35 44 38 37
Elongation (typ.) [%]
Typ. 32
Hardness [Brinell 10mm-500kg] 35 5065 5060 5060 5060 170195 225 130 6075 75 80 6072 6075 6580 77 6070 5565 5565 79-83 5570 5060 80 110140 140 140170 180200 150-170 115
Machinability [YB = 100]
35 30 25 26 30 20 18 30 30 25 20 30 25 30 20 20 20 30 15 20 18 4255 35 25 18 12 25 29
35 84 90 90 90 30 8 26 30 30 20 42 42 40 45 70 70 70 80 80 80
30 29 29 25 90 110 65 40 40 35 34 36 40 35 30 25 25 33 25 25 27 65 65 75 90 85 80
37 35 34 36 95 119 71 45 45 44 40 40 44 42 35 32 32 30 35 30
80 75 85 100 95 83
25 25 30 40 35 30
50 55 60 50 50 40
878
Brinell scale with 3000kg load
Comparison of copper alloy standards[5]

Family Red brass CDA 833 836 838 Semi-red brass 844 848 Manganese bronze 862 863 865 Tin bronze 903 905 907 Leaded tin bronze 922 923 926 927 High-leaded tin bronze 932 934 935 937 938 943 Aluminium bronze 952 953 954 955 958 Silicon bronze 878 B30 878 B144-935 935 B144-937 937 B144-938 938 B144-943 943 B148-952 952 B148-953 953 B148-954 954 B148-955 955 68A 68B 66 64 67 B145-836 836 B145-838 838 B145-844 B145-848 B147-862 862 B147-863 863 B147-865 865 B143-903 903 B143-905 905 907 B143-922 922 B143-923 923 926 927 B144-932 932 63 660 QQ-C-390 (E7) QQ-C-390 (E8) QQ-C-390 (E9) QQ-C-390 (E10) QQ-C-390 (E6) QQ-C-390 (E1) QQ-C-390 (G6) QQ-C-390 (G7) QQ-C-390 (G5) QQ-C-390 (G3) QQ-C-390 (G8) C-15345 Gr13 C-22229 Gr8 C-22229 Gr5 C-15345 Gr12 C-22229 Gr3 430A 430B 43 620 62 65 622 621 QQ-C-390 (D4) QQ-C-390 (D3) B-16541 C-15345 Gr10 40 QQ-C-390 (B5) QQ-C-390 (B4) QQ-C-390 (B2) QQ-C-390 (B1) QQ-C-390 (C4) QQ-C-390 (C7) QQ-C-390 (C3) QQ-C-390 (D5) QQ-C-390 (D6) C-2229 Gr9 C-2229 Gr8 C-2229 Gr7 C-2229 Gr1 C-2229 Gr2 ASTM SAE SAE superseded Federal Military
The following table outlines the chemical composition of various grades of copper alloys.
Chemical composition of copper alloys[5][6]

Family Red brass CDA 833 AMS UNS C83300 C83400 836 838 Semi-red brass 844 845 848 Manganese bronze 862 863 865 Tin bronze 903 905 907 Leaded tin bronze 922 923 926 927 High-leaded tin bronze 932 934 935 937 938 943 Aluminium bronze 952 953 954 4855B C83600 C83800 C84400 C84500 C84800 C86100 C86200 4862B C86300 4860A C86500 C90300 4845D C90500 C90700 C92200 C92300 4846A C92600 C92700 C93200 C93400 C93500 4842A C93700 C93800 4840A C94300 C95200 C95200 4870B C95400 4872B C95410 955 C95500 C95600 C95700 958 C95800 [9] [8] [7] Cu [%] Sn [%] Pb [%] Zn [%] 93 90 85 83 81 78 76 67 64 63 58 88 88 89 88 87 87 88 83 84 85 80 78 70 88 89 85 0.5 8 10 11 6 8 10 10 7 8 5 10 7 5 5 4 3 3 3 0.5 5 6 7 7 6 1.5 1.5 4 10 5 7 9 12 15 21 26 25 39.5 4 0.3 max 2 0.5 max 0.5 max 1.5 1 max 1 2 7 8 9 10 15 25 4.5 4 2 0.7 max 3 0.7 max 1 0.5 max 0.7 max 0.75 max 0.7 max 3 1 4 9 10 11 3 3 3 1 5 4 6 1 Mn 4 Mn 3 Mn 3 Mn 0.25 Ni [%] Fe [%] Al [%] Other [%]
85 81 4
4 4
11 11 7
Ni 2
[10] 91 [11] 75 81 2 5 3 4
Si 2 Mn 12 Mn 1
8 9

[12] 89 [13] 83 [14] 82 [15] 90 [16] 80 [17] 65 14 14 5.5 14 34
6
Si 4 Si 3 Si 4 Si 4.5 Si 4 Si 1
Silicon bronze
C87200 C87400 C87500 C87600 878 C87800 C87900
Chemical composition may vary to yield mechanical properties
Brasses
A brass is an alloy of copper with zinc. Brasses are usually yellow in color. The zinc content can vary between few % to about 40%; as long as it is kept under 15%, it does not markedly decrease corrosion resistance of copper. Brasses can be sensitive to selective leaching corrosion under certain conditions, when zinc is leached from the alloy (dezincification), leaving behind a spongy copper structure.
Bronzes
A bronze is an alloy of copper and other metals, most often tin, but also aluminium and silicon. Aluminium bronzes are alloys of copper and aluminium. The content of aluminium ranges mostly between 5-11%. Iron, nickel, manganese and silicon are sometimes added. They have higher strength and corrosion resistance than other bronzes, especially in marine environment, and have low reactivity to sulfur compounds. Aluminium forms a thin passivation layer on the surface of the metal. Bell metal Phosphor bronze Nickel bronzes, e.g. nickel silver and cupronickel Speculum metal UNS C69100
Precious metal alloys

Copper is often alloyed with precious metals like silver and gold, to create, for example, Corinthian bronze, hepatizon, tumbaga and shakudo.
References
[1] British Museum, "Scope Note" for "copper alloy" (http:/ / www. britishmuseum. org/ research/ search_the_collection_database/ term_details. aspx?scopeType=Terms& scopeId=18864) [2] Lyons, William C. and Plisga, Gary J. (eds.) Standard Handbook of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering, Elsevier, 2006 [3] National Bronze & Metals | http:/ / www. nbmmetals. com/ products/ copper-alloys/ beryllium-copper. html [4] Cast copper alloy C83600 (Ounce Metal) (http:/ / www. substech. com/ dokuwiki/ doku. php?id=cast_copper_alloy_c83600_ounce_metal) substech.com [5] . [6] . [7] . [8] . [9] . [10] . [11] .

[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] . . . . . .
Bibliography
Erik Oberg, Franklin D. Jones and Holbrook L. Horton (1992). Machinery's Handbook (24 ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc. p.501. ISBN0-8311-2492-X.
External links
Corrosion tests and standards: application and interpretation (http://books.google.com/ books?id=8C7pXhnqje4C&pg=PA565&dq=alloy+number+copper&as_brr=3& ei=qdamSqTdKZK0MKmcvKoK&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=alloy number copper&f=false) Copper Development Association (http://www.copper.org/) Free Cutting Brass and Copper Alloys (http://www.jayjalaramext.com/ free-cutting-brass-rods-chemical-composition/)
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors

List of copper alloys Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=549030603 Contributors: Anomalocaris, Aussie Alchemist, BALawrence, Clarince63, Darrendeng, Darth Panda, Ebehn, Ernobe, Eyreland, Faradayplank, Femto, FengRail, Floridayer, Giftlite, Graibeard, Inwind, Jitka J, Johnbod, Johnhardcastle, Lg king, Linwencin, Metamorphose, Mild Bill Hiccup, Nick Number, Nickthebest100, Nigej, Ninly, Ohnoitsjamie, PhilKnight, R'n'B, RetiredUser2, SDC, Sengkang, Shaddack, Srifai, Thumperward, Vsmith, Wikipelli, Wizard191, Woohookitty, 75 anonymous edits
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