Commodore Power-Play 1985 Issue 16 V4 N04 Aug Sep

■■■ N,,,,'' I
Sander On Printers August/ September 1985

$2.50 U.S.
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you'd have to add three more Apple Ik's,
an Extra Keypad,
30 Block Graphic Sets,
Color Sprites,
two more voices,
four instruments,
a Cartridge Port, a Joystick Port,
and a Commodore 64...
.I■I■ 111111 ll
to match the versatility, expandability

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new Commodore 128
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sonal computer is breakthrough has a numeric keypad built into its new world of business, produclivity
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price. It outshines the Apple® lie numoers a lot easier. And graphic programs while still running over
in performance capability per and sound capabilities that far 3,000 programs designed for the
formance quality and price. It is exceed those of the Apple He. But Commodore 64.'" That's what we
expandable to 512K ram. The lie the most important news is that call a higher intelligence.
COMMODORE 128 E PERSONAL COMPUTER

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Circle Reader Service No. 31

VOLUME 4. NUMISER 4, ISSUE 16 (OHTEIITS AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 1985
comm ■ ii
re
power/play FEATURES
D E P A R T M E N T S
LETTERS 4
JOYSTICK LUNATIC 8
NEWS FROM THE FRONT 14
GAME REVIEWS
Kennedy Approach reviewed By Jack Kammer 22 THE MAKING OF CHIPWITS 68

Gyruss reviewed by Robert Boket 24
Two Minnesota teachers had o vogue idea obout creating a robot gome.
Raid on Bungetlng Bay reviewed by Lenny Nelson 26
It evolved into o gome that teoches programming concepts using a little
Arf|O!i Expedition reviewed by Torn Bentad 28
"Chipwil" that loves pie and coffee. byKciiynewck
Up 'n Down reviewed by MarkCotone 30 Wiiti a review ol Cnipwtts by Tom Benford
Jury Trial II rev.ewea by Gordon Owens 33
Geopolillque 1990 . -.ved by jelf Saiken 36 SOFTWARE COPY PROTECTION: IS THE
Beamfidef reviewed By Ted Solomotie 40 CURE WORSE THAN THE DISEASE? 74
Plttall II reviewed By TeO Solamone 40
Faced with mounting losses caused by pirates, software companies ore
TOUinament Tennis reviewed by Tarn Benloid 41
employing increasingly sophisticated security schemes. Consumers
Breakdance reviewed by Amis Ka« 42
who feel they've been ripped off by software companies don't want to
COMPUTER WIZARD risk paying good money tor a poor product, so they keep the pirates in
business by Howard Millmon
The MPS-801 and VIC 1525 Prlniers o-j u> 46
KIDS' CORNER ADAPSO BRIEF 7»
HOVe Robot Will Travel By Howard Millrrran 54 A coalition of sotlware companies is trying to encourage end users to be
honest -ond is prosecuting them if they're not. by cneryi Peterson
BEHIND THE PROGRAMS
A BUYER'S GUIDE TO MODEMS
Lord British ot Origin Systems By Pom Horowitz 56
With a preview ol Ultima IV by Trocie Forman-Hinos AND TERMINAL SOFTWARE 80
JIFFIES A look at some of the popular orands. What does each offer lor your
lelecompuling needs? By Tom Bernard
Secret Code Routine by Thomas rrocco 59
Simple List By Erie Giguere 62 OPERATION MOCK TURTLE 86
Address File by Wiiliom and Kathleen Petrone 64
Build a compulei-conlrolled mechanical "turtle" inexpensively from toy
CAME PROGRAMS construction set parts by Jctin cwiway
Force 1 By Gary Fields 92 ADVENTURE HOW-TO's

Boudleshlp By Bruce Jaeger 99
Adventure Road by snay Addams 16
COMPUTER TUTOR Adventure Construction Set renewed by Mark Cotone 18
The Dirty Dozen by ion Adom 105 AdventureWnter reviewed By Do™ia Graham 20
Sprite Definition Form By Gerold and Berty Schueler 106
Introduction to SOUND on the Commodore 128 cy Larry Greeniey 110
USER GROUPS 118
SPRITES
HOW TO ENTER PROGRAMS IN
Sprite Catalog Data 113
POWER/PLAY 123
NO MORE PENCILS
List Processing in LOGO, Part 3 dv Davm 114
ADVERTISERS' INDEX 128
POWERPLAY 3
LETTERS
David Simons Interview Screen" option is chosen, the oniy
To tha Editor: way to get a hard copy is to re-run the
I would like to supply the missing entire program. This can mean a con
information for the article "What. Next siderable wait with a long disk listing,
for David Simons" (April/May), but adding this one line overcomes
GPUCN was the Commodore PET this.
User Club Newsletter. Receipt of this 530 OD$ = "P": PRINT PRINT
bi-monthly newsletter was almost the ■'[RIGHT]ORUSE
only benefit of paying ten pounds to 'ODS = "CHRS(34)CHR$(S0)CHR$(34)":
join CPUC, run by Commodore Busi GO TO 470' FOR A HARDCOPY"
ness Machines Ltd. U.K IPUG. the With this line in place, you may, if
Independent PET User Group (now you wish, print tho alphabetized list
ICPUG. the Independent Commodore ing to the screen and then re-hst it to
Products User Group), provided a bet screen or dump it to the printer.
ter bi-monthly newsletter and other Sy Labai
benefits. the blue, numbed by tho length of the Bethlehem. Pennsylvania
In early 1982, CBM (U.K.) disposed magazine entry program, 1 decided to
of CPUCN to author/publisher Nick use such a procedure as a part of any Notes Toward Creating
Hampshire, and it became the basis entry program. Well, it works' Better Programs
of his magazine (now sold to someone All I do now is first typo In those To the Editor:
else), Commodore Computing Inter three lines and then start entering After reading Jim Butt or fie Id's arti
national. any new program. When I get itchy cle "Notes Toward Creating Better
John Collins and somewhat afraid of losing what I Programs, Part 1" (December/Jan
Commodore U.K. have spent so much time to enter. I uary), I devised a small routine that
merely type RUN 60000. let the drive will allow character siting entry using
Save-Delete-Rename do its thing, LIST, and then get back the GET instruction. Before GOSUB-
Procedure to work This may seem simple, and it ing to the accompanying routine, set
To the Editor: may have been said by someone else T% to the tab position where you
It's a funny thing when an old head somewhere, but I am struck by its would like the string to be entered on
puts 2 + 2 together and finally gets 41 availability and ease of opeiation. Per the screen, and LS% to the desired
This happened to me just yesterday haps some other plodder of program length of the string. (Note: for easier
as I began to load your magazine en entry would like to see it. use, tho first column on the screen is
try program. 60000 SAVE "NEW PROGRAM", column one, not zero.) For example, if
I have been enjoying the world of 8: VERIFY "*",8 you wanted the user to enter his
the Commodore 64 for almost two 60010 OPEN15,8,15,:'S0:OLD PRO name, but didn't want the name to be
years now and had taught myself a GRAM" longer than ten characters, you could
simple way to load new segments of a 60020 PRINT#15,"R0:OLD PRO code the following:
long program. What I did was save GRAM -NEW PROGRAM":CLOSE15 10PRINT"PLEASE ENTER YOUR
and verify the same program name NAME: ":T% = 25:LS% = 10'
with an additional number or letter. I Marvin H. Young GOSUB1000
usually wound up consuming a disk Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Note that T% is equated to the first
with 15 to 20 partially finished pro position after the printed prompt, and
grams, each a bit longer than the last. Directory Alphabetizer that there is no comma or semicolon
I never had good luck using the "(*'," To the Editor: following the PRINT instruction
as most operators know. The "1541 Directory Alphabetizer" The routine uses YS and RETURN'S
At the same time, I also read about by Louis Sander (February/March) is with XS holding the character string
and used a save-delete-rename pro a very handy utility, but by adding This particular coding allows only en
cedure in my classroom record keep one line, it can be even bettai When try of upper-case mode alphabetic
ing (yep, I'm a teacher). From out of the program is run and the "Print to characters and spaces, but by chang-
Contlnued on pg, H
String Entry
THEN
1Q PRINT'NAME:":T%=6:L5*=ll 1D60 IF(ASC(Y$)<G5 AND Y$<>" UK
20 GOSUB 1000:END AiJC(YS) >9C THEN 103ti

10MB GET XS:If XS = PMEN 1070 IF LEN(XS)=LK*THEN 103U
1010 If(ASC(XS)<65 AND XS<>" ")UK 11)80 XS-X5+VS:PRINT TAb (T%-1) " [UP] " ; XS
ASC(XS)>9B THEN 10UU :GOTO 1030
1020 PRINT TAB(T%-1)"[UP]";X$ 11)90 \\ LEN[XS)=0 THEN 10CG
1030 GET YS:IF Y$ = ""THt:N 1030 1101) PRINT TABlT% + LEN(XS)-2) " [UP] "
1040 If Y$=CHH$(13)THBN KtiTURW :X$=Lfc)FT$(X$,LEN(X$)-l):GOT0 1030
1050 IF ASC(Y$)=2l) OR ASC(Y$)=lb7 END
A AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 85
Fly the unfriendly skies.
Km re in the cockpit oi a dream machine— game in history. It has the most awesome,
utajmspttm
;i bad dream tor the poor s;ip whose tail you're high-speeaanimationyouVeeverseenonyour
waxing. You stick a silver bird up his exhaust and wince computer. It's played to rave reviews in every magazine.
as he blossoms into fire. And then you rain down like pes And it's yours—at your retailer—or direct from EA at (800)
tilence upon the yrunts in the ranks. lll-klO1! with a 14-day satisfac-
Skyfox. It's the fastest-selling EA ^T^ T tion or money-back guarantee.
from ELECTRONIC ARTS'
OHDliHING 1NTOKMATIUN & MACHINK AVAILABILITY, Visit your rutaiL-r or call (800) 227-6703 (in CA call (8001632-7979) for VISA or MasteiCardordcn.
To puichiue by iii.nl. send duxit ur money order to Becttook Arts. HO. Bux 506, Haif Moon Buy. CA S819, Add $ t for insured [hippingSi handling. Indioito madilno
vction dnlrcd. Albw H weeks bt ddJveiy. Apple 11 (amlly avaUabfs now it B95S.&64 available now bi S34.'J5. Rn a copy ofour wmplece catalogue and dtea ordar
{mm, tend 50< and a stamped, setf-flddreved envelope to EJeetmnicAro, 27S5 Campui Drive, Son M G\ ^4401

LEITERS POUIER/PLnV
or win thiee times your bet. Print new Publisher
ing lines 1010 and 1060. you can allow
Robert M. Kenney
any range of characters to be entered amount of money (included so player
Assistant !o the Publisher
(this can be useful for numeric data will set; fust that he has lost all of his
Virginia 0. Dike
entry). By hitting the DELIiTE key or money before he gets another 100 to
the cursor-left key, you can delete squander) GOTO line 1 for another Editor
characters from the screen and the spider race.

Diane LeBold
string. To type the program in on four lines Assistant Editor
Carol Mlnton
Peter Borsella requires elimination of all spaces and
the abbreviation of keywords Technical Editor
Lynbrook. New York
Jim Gracely
Don White
Assistant Technical Editor
Hail for the PET and 64 Utica. New York
Rob Skalskl
To the Editor
Contributing Editor
In the February/March issue, you Disk Enlarger Louis F. Sonder
published a jiffy called "Hail for PET To the Editor
Art Director
and Commodore 64." by Jerry A. Something terrible just happened.
Robert C. Andersen
Sturdivant. He stated that the idea My husband, a subscriber to Power/
Assistant Art Director
behind the program was to write a Play, received the April/May 1985 Nancy Walker
game on as few lines as possible edition and decided to use the pro
Cower illustration
Here is a ]iffy with the same idea in gram on page 92. "Disk Knlargei " He Maik Desman
mind that I wish to share with my likes to save space on disks and he
Advertising Coordinator
fellow readers. was looking for such a program.
Sharon Steinhofer
You are walking home and decide 1 Wcis in another room when 1 heard
Advertising Assistant
to lako the short cut through the alley. a large "boom'" 1 ran into the com
Cheryl Griffifh
Here you stumble upon the newest puter room and saw smoke coming
Circulation Manager
gambling craze. It's a spider race, and out of the TV monitor My husband John O'Brien
you )ust happen to have $100 in your was shaking and looked pale. I called
Circulation Assistant
pocket. You pick a spider and throw an ambulance and he's now in the Kathy Relgel
down an amount you wish to bet emergency room. Advertising Representatives
They're off. At the finish, winner You can tell Mr. Ferdinand Maxi- SOUTHEAST AND WEST
takes all. milhan 111. that his program was so Warren Longer, Spencer 0. Smith
Line by line explanation of the pro powerful that the TV exploded as he Warren Longer Associates
gram: predicted. You will be hearing from 1337 NW84lh Drive
Coral Springs, FL 33065
Lino 1. Set M (how much money our attorney.
800-635-6635
you have) equal to 100 if you have lost Roselyn Rosenblatt
In Florida Call:
it all. Print the amount of money you Bronx, New York
305/753-4124
have. W — input the spider you be P.S. April Fools'
MIDATUNTIC
lieve will win (1-4). B = input the AND NEW ENGLAND
amount of the bet you will make If Bob D'Ambrosio

the bet is for more money than you Target Media
Commodore Powei/Piny welcomes 114E. Mam Street
have, set bet equal to zero. Clear the
Bogota. NJ 07603
screen. letters from readers. Do you have an
201/488-7900
Line 2: Poke spiders, spider num unusual application for your Commo-
MIDWEST
bers, and the finish line onto the doie computer^ Do you wish to com
Pamela S. Fedor, Randy Fedot
screen. ment on an article? Would you like to 700 River Rood
Line 3: Generate random numbers make a suggestion on how we can Forr Haven, NJ 07701
one through four and move appropri better serve our readers' Please send 201/741-5784
ate spider If the spider has not them to1

Commodore Power/Play Commoaom Pnws'iPliy, Volume 4. Number 4. Issue 16.
reached the finish line, generate a
Augusl/S«pternber 1985. ISBN C-68731-045-1
new random number. 1200 Wilson Drive Commodore PomlPlay is published bi-monthly by Con
Line 4: Calculate money lost or West Chester, PA 19380 temporary Marketing inc. 1200 Wilson Drive. Wcsi CHESler. PA
ATTN: Letters E 19380 U.S. Subscriber Rale is 11500 per year; Canadian
won. You lose the amount of your bet
Subsciiber Hale is S20.QQ per year. Overseas Subscribe! Rate 15
S5S 00 pet year Oueslions concerning subscription sliould be
Spider Race directed lo Contemporary Marketing. Inc., Commodore Maga
zine SutiicMillion Oepartmenl. HO' 651, Holmes, Pennsylvania
1 M»((MO0)+1) *lii(J+M:PHlNT" [CLfcAk] HAVfcS'T"!: INPUT" 19043 PhoneBOO-345-8112(in Pennsylvania.80066?-Z4«)
SPIDER",-IN :INPUT"BETn;B:B=( (b>w)+l) *B:PRINT" [CLLAH] ' Copyright (1985 by Contemporary Markelng. Inc All Rinhls
>■ ■:. I
2 POR X=l TO 4:S(X) =9S5 + X*1 6l): PUKt: S (X) - 1, X+48 : POKt Contemporary Markdmg. Inc also publishes
S(X) ,42:NfcXT:FOK X=l TO 15-.VOK.E 1102+XM0,66: NEXT MwocomputeiS
3 X=1+INT(4*KND(1)):S(X)=S(X)+1:POKE S(X)~1,32 Aopto; r;-. 'o mail % Second Class ooslage rales is
at West Ctiesier, Pennsylvania 19380. and addilional mailing
:POKE S(X),42:IF PfcEK[S(X}- 4U)<>66 GOTO 3 ofices POSTMASTER. ser=d address changes to Contemporary
A /■]=!■.+ ( (X=tv) *2+l)*( ( (X=W) *2- 1)*B) :bOR X=l TU 20U Marketing, Inc. 8o> 651. Holmes, PA i90-*3
iPKINT"[HOME]HAVESUM:NEXT:GOTG 1 ABC Membership Applied For
6 AUGUST'SEPTEMBER'85
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CompuServe is !he easy lo use videotex sophisticated financial data. Plus, a The videotex service for you, no matter
service designed for the personal communications network for electronic which computer you own. To buy a Starter
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munications professionals who provide ping, and personal notices and a multi 'Ib receive our informative brochure or to
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fourth of the Fortune 500 companies. You get games on CompuServe, too.
Subscribers get a wealth of useful, Classic puzzlers, educational, sports and CompuServe
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banking and shop at home services, and computer conflict." 800-848-8199 In Ohio Call 614-457-0802
An H&R Block Company
NEW! ! "MIDI YDUR MTNU?" jovstick Lunnnc BY STEVE F1NKEL
r.iKE xr JwU V±l 1 * i I
■'■' p ;TJ| [I I* Mnly -in Array Beat
To Err is Human
with .iccesn t.u irrrLnin
nnnsltivu Ii U'LiiVimlii In."
orolV cnnuijh in Jd tJiifl1-
ro tiruup in
.Ion with the
C.I.A- apunL I* years Uvet the years, terms liave developed to describe errors. Descriptive
nirnl millions of dollars
(l^wliipiiuj a projiTL bdScd on paM-fcinDtiC phrases have evolved for all types; the comical "flub," the elegant "faux
Lhi!iiric3, Even though they did nucceed in the
dgîqn o( A device rapdhlc of Unking a roan, pas," the brash "blunder," the earthy "screw-up," Che mechanistic "mal
with j?li?c'troileg tjjttrtb to his t<!ir,plc!E(U) m
inÛumpni inslanily swtmpling hia inpjlsf function," and the simplistic '■boo-boo." Our examination of errors focuses
and converting w.iwc'UjrBii to voltayi'p ao«c
tanata sub-count re labRlBd Umi -nolc pro- on programming mistakes—in particular, those that haunt the waking
TiCt Tjucationflliln'^nnd it ended up on n
dolnnê flcrîp hmipF
hours oi all computer users: error messages,
In 19tn th<! tochno/nufticien
l.t-Tolunti "lio tinfk pnrt in lK>th tli» DDOCflpi
snn nC n Mow does your computer feel, knowing that it is a competent machine,
(attain files1 t.w buiUi ■! similnr iy>U»
processing a mistake and delivering that information to a fallible, all-too-
cdpdbli? Of cceatim] music. human counterpart who insists on mis-typing on its keyboard? After closely
'SIMPLE,CHEAP AND KKADILY AVAi-AHLK
HACK OKVICE LINKKU VIA MIDI Jh/UUT/Ti observing many computers, and even more mistakes, I have come to realize
DKSIGN 0>- BUCK BOX WITH
U, khen rrtTEBTiCEC hjtH HQHK that a computer's error messages are really only a cover-up for how the
computer really feels about your mistakes
Hy copying the ichanfttica iut tlwj Baflontla]
The following list of error messages reveals the true nature of your
IBUCI WUX) oVDlVSd* With I'a aJj|itfltiori tg
MIDI t.hlS BLACK BDX^ ibuuL the BllB «* A computer. On the left is the familiar (if detested) message that appears on
f.ilVD'in, vhen innoctfd between ihc "BEQI'fiEO-
your screen. On the right is the explanation of what your computer is really
ASTONI^HfNC RRSLILTS WHEN IHTEHVAfKD WITH A
*ynth Alter l»ifltniny to control tTi-' HfuFEED-' telling you. The tone of tiie error message depends on your relationship with
incrludF^d (contiollfng a digjtnl t.h<hriiiD[iieti?i your computer, although most computers seem to have a real antagonistic
with youc own boJy t^mperdturn wos thfl clutl
R [iiciBc paisiblt to hurnH thint of >i note, streak. And more often than not, when delivering an error message, the
and h.ivc it plflypd buck [flBtftntaoaouBlrl
Soun L-onpIt'Jt biiîcjI pattfrna iffltO h.indled computer really does have a chip on its shoulder
with rnia# YOUjCAN IMAGING TRK PHSSIHIMTIES*
he'rf* tiyitiq t"u trrp"js l<iw j profile us
pDBftlbl&.Dllt don't knov Tiow Iirri^ uc* '11 go ERROR MESSAGE WHAT YOUR COMPUTER IS REALLY
andfttccted. ck_t it Now t i i
TELLING YOU
3und chi-cfc or none
lut ahp.i hiindl tu ARHV BkAT I'.U.BOX E.H/
TOO MANY FILES Files. ..piles of files., aisles of piles of files. ..miles
-yllfnt 4 tQ 6 iHc-fits f*»r ttt*ltvcty of aisles of piles of files.. .Oh, the trials of miles of
Circle Reader Service No. 4 aisles of piles of files.
FILE OPEN Hey1 Your file's open. Ha, ha, you looked, you
COMMODORE turkey.
-USEH wiunr;x sornvAiu>
Supporliny .11 COMMODORE computpri FILE NOT OPEN What do you think I am, anyway'' A computer
Wrrtton by mm *oi uiora
* GAMES # UTlLiflES * EDUCATtONAl * or a master safecracker? If you do expect me to
be breaking into files, at least provide me with
Our Latest Releases
C-&J (ieil Or Ga the proper tools—like a crowbar and a stocking
C-C4 HcjUJI Effjc 51a oo
C^4 Dc»l 01 U1> UvX SIS 00 to disguise myself.
C-G4 bj Comet! C ■bJil J13 00
C 64 H< Cn>nff *1 C ■5J« sieoo
FILE NOT FOUND You just had me rummaging through all these
CM H Contml C iiooo
V»c 30
Vie ?U
M"iroi o-i ltDI
Deal 01 Efhpc
110 00
110 00
files looking for one that doesn't even exist. Do
Vic 20
Vic?0
□oil 01 Uli iim
Cnnlfiil Vi
Ell
110 00
linoo
you know how frustrating that is for me?
Specily Disk Or Tape
dOHALSTAHfERPAK " DEVICE NOT PRESENT I've decided that the only peripheral devices
..,,.,. . *.HHft Bfl - S3?™
you can use are ones that were given to you as
Bulleiin Board System fo, c"e*'w'vic'
On fip-.' or ui.liirtf^ CfMI^&tiqn^-SIQ co-Spec.** D.ik Or gifts. The device you are now using will work
BEST CGI GAMES 1 fine only after you give it away to somebody
else as a present. Remember, it's better to give
than receive.
NOT INPUT FILE Well, it's not

VIO ?0 r-oHrcliona #1 Triru 12
50+ nroq'dms par tqlloclion-Taue/Oilt*l 0.00 e NOT OUTPUT FILE Make up your mind, will you'
CO.MMOBOlUt; 64""
6J boiltCtiOni b l ihru 12
25 + pngnmi FWCBllacI on-Ispe.'DisH 1
MISSING FILE NAME What am I supposed to be, a mind reader'
■ '
MIHIAI. I Allll S|l>nsri 'I Him! S»ii- :-i.m.-
ILLEGAL DEVICE Exactly how did you happen to come by this
PDi Progrnm Manual S10 .00
in-." itbom ma hpip *nr \ ■IC-JO a^d C'64 NUMBER device number, anyway' I hope you're not
nnil Hnndlinq Chapgri
!?<£* US'Cjnû.mi [JMpr^ 4dd U 00 c ** thinking of leaving the country. I imagine the
> CHECK. MONEY OBDEBS. VISA ma *<■(, FBI wouldn't mind heating about this..
MASTERCARD actppied No COD * &> P O.t ^
W..IP I - • fflEE Ca-alog
NEXT WITHOUT FOR That's like Laurel without Hardy. Abbott
«' nO.HAIX"", ISC.
5025 5 Rangclii>s Rd. W. MitTOn. 0" J5383 without Costello. peanut butter without jelly.
10 00 a.m - SO0 p.m. EST — Mar. ituu Fn
Minneapolis without St. Paul, death without
(51 3| 698-6e^B oi (5131 339-1 725
taxes, a programmer without any common
sense Continued on pg. io
8 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER'85
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Your retail store cm get MLB Uom these distributors-
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Computer Software Service: 800-4?^-4912 • SDS: 800-328-7250 oiii i gnn PI AVRfll nn f QH91 QUO QOOH
C0MMTRON: 800-622-1333 • FIRST SOFTWARE B00-343-1290 W"-WU-PUTBAl OP 130Z) 368-9930
5<<]i>ii-; erected art iw relieve B'OMMyol Miioi league tincbj'i trie Amtfiwn Lcjiiue. me Njiion
a Ihe icspective Maim Iuquc Clubs, jno mjy not tie repraOucta winoui tntit wullen ternem
COOL STACK JOVSTICK LUHBTIt
DESIGNED FOR USE WITH
COMMODORE 1541 DISK DRIVES
ERROR MESSAGE WHAT YOUR COMPUTER IS REALLY

TELLING YOU
SYNTAX I cant understand a single word you're typing.

You wanna try typing with your hands this
time''
PATENT PENDING
RETURN WITHOUT I don't care if it DID follow you home1 Go back
COOL STACK is a device lhat allow* you lo stack
your i5Ji's wiihout fear oT o*cfhealmg Highly eff.- GOSUB into the woods and don't come back until you
cienl design effectively cools fwo drives using one get rid of that GOSUB
fan This system alleys better uiiiiz-iiiGri ol tnu
limned space available on most computer desks
(Filler included)
OUT OF DATA Out of data' Out of luck.
COOL STACK is Omit Co las) and priced al only
ILLEGAL QUANTITY Whoa, fella That quantity doesn't look too
S590O
Prolecl your mreslmenl from damaging heal1 Use

kosher to me.
COOL STACK
OVERFLOW Tins is just too much I've had enough of you for
Visa. Masieicard. Chech, or Money Order
Georgia resitienls add 3"« sates la* now I wish I were in the Bahamas
Shipping and handling wilrun US add & CO
Canadian orders in US dollars only OUT OF MEMORY I've been so forgetful lately...What did you say
Shipping and handling to Canada S? DO plus
applicable freight charges your name was again''
Test data available on request
Commodore 1541 is a liademark ol Commodore UNDEFINED What do I look like. Webster's Dictionary7
Business Machines STATEMENT
Call or write today AC 404 D79G124
BAD SUBSCRIPT Not only is the subscript bad, when's the last
time you took a shower'
CarboTeECH REDIMENSIONED I'm obviously tired, and you can't even stick to
P.O. BOX 65f— S ARRAY one set of array dimensions. How about a little
consideration, huh. fella7
{OriPUTER TSHIRTS DIVISION BY ZERO Nope, I'm not going to allow you to do any
FOR HOME, SCHOOL, AND OFFICE' division, you zero.
ILLEGAL DIRECT Not only can't you stay on the right side of the
law, you don't even try to hide it.
TYPE MISMATCH Sorry, it won't work out between us—you're not

my type.
STRING TOO LONG Or was that movie called "A Bridge Too Far?"
Well, whatever, it, was entertaining, don't you
think?
Had* Inu.t.*,
FILE DATA What do I look like, a secretary' Next thing I
TrwlllTIMATESortoarB'
Command inslanl ancnlion'
know, you'll bo trying to get me to answer the
A MUST lor all compule' lovers1 phones and get coffee.
BRIGHT GREEN (LCDI LETTERS
CUSTOM SILKSCHEENECJ ON 50'M BLEHO FORMULA TOO I can't be bothered right now with your little
- HIGH TECH DESIGN' - equations. Why don't you go get Einstein to
('■wo popular irykn to cPHXHfl liwn
COMPLEX
Ordar Today1 Only IB 96 pptJ solve it for you'
selvcf Shn> vu i Wh
SI*■ p,r.« CAN'T CONTINUE I think I'm going to end it all...
UNDEFINED Would you kindly keep your disgusting obscure

HAPPINESS IS * PROOtV THAT WORKS tU)
COU0ur£BSI«r SliES S-M-l-IL
FUNCTION functions to yourself
VERIFY Basically, I trust you about as far as I could

throw you
COMPUTER NOVELTY COUP
P 0 BOX M64 LOAD I think that's a load of,..
FREEPORT. TEXAS 77541
BREAK Quit bothering me. I'm on my break. Computer

Local #64 says I get a six-hour break twice a
day
CAN'T RESUME I'm just not up to it My horoscope advises

against it. CDO&medmpg. 12
10 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 85
Simulator n
Putyourseif In the pilot's seat of a Piper18I Cherokee Archertoran awe-inspiring flight over realistic scener
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ready, you can play the World War! Ace aerial battl.
game. Right Simulator li features Include ■ animated color 3D graphics ■ day, dusk, and night flying modes
* over 80 airports in four scenery areas: New York/Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, with additional scenery'/
areas available ■ user-variable weather, from clear blue skies to grey cloudy conditions ■ complete flight ;
Instrumentation* VOR, ILS, ADF, and DME radio equipped ■ navigation facilities and course plotting* World I
War I Ace aerial battle game • complete information manual and flight handbook.
i i^J ■ tfiffftft.
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or wriiB or calltor more information. For direct orders enclose W9.95 plus S2 00
foi shipping and specify UPS Of firsl class mail delivery. American Express
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713 Edgebrook Drive
Order Line: 800 / Champaign IL61820
(217) 359-8482 Telex: 206995
CirclB Reader Service No. 24
jov5tick mnnnc
COMMODORE 64™
35 PROGRAMS {DISKl
ERROR MESSAGE WHAT YOUR COMPUTER IS REALLY
or $12.95
25 PROGRAMS |TAPE) TELLING YOU
COMMODORE 16"" LOOP NOT FOUND I'm on strike until you take me on a vacation to
26 PROGRAMS {DISK)
Chicago.
or $14.95 LOOP WITHOUT DO All right, so you broke down and took me to
20 PROGRAMS (TAPE)
Chicago. But you made me stay in the hotel
COMMODORE PLUS 4' room the whole time. I didn't get to do
3D PROGRAMS (DISK! anything.
$15.95
25 PROGRAMS |TAPE| DIRECT MODE ONLY Wait, I've changed my mind. You could also
direct traffic
FOR ALL ORDERS
add '■'.' 00 shipping Si handling NO GRAPHICS AREA But there are other areas you might want to
(foreign, except Canada-S3.00) consider ..Burma or Sudan for instance.
selected public domain programs
BAD DISK Bad disk? Bad luck
GAMES, UTILITIES,
BUSINESS, EDUCATION, So now you know what your computer is really tolling you whun it gives
GRAPHICS, & MUSIC you an error message. What can you do to improve your strained relations?
D
m (DOCUMENTATION INCLUDED) Try re-readmg the "Making Friends With [the] SID |C)up]" articles in old
to
issues o( Power/Play. However, that probably won't win over the whole
send check or money order to
machine.
o
fe Enterprize Inc. I've found that I can keep my computer reasonably happy by entertaining
P.O. BOX 1382 it: When I go to the movies or to parties, I take it along It doesn't cost any
BELLEVUE, NE. 68005 extra, and the only drawback is that people think you have serious emotion
al problems. Once you have established a comfortable rapport with your
FOR WORE INFORMATION. WRITE DIRECT
OR CIRCLE READER SERVICE NUMBEH computer, your error messages will decrease radically. Then you can start
COMMODORE 8*. IB. and PLUS 4 worrying about disk errors Disk drives can be downright nasty1 Q
414 1rid«m*rki of Cammodon Electronic! Lid
TYPING TUTOR + WORD INVADERS

What should you expect for 535?
Loam lo use your keyboard quickly and
properly. TYPING TUTOR starls with the Euerything.
'home keys' and automatically evaluates Tho Intelligent: Software Package lor C-G41", VtC1", SX-B4", C-12B'",
your typing performance, Introducing you LCD1", Plus 4'", IB™, H-iaa™, and PET/CBM'". An integrated
to new keys in many gradual steps as your homertnemeEEjeducational package at 35 programs [tolalng over 51 pages
skills develop. WORD INVADERS puts real of source code] thatwil pot your Commodore to work nght now, n you-home
excitement into your touch typing practice or office; all on dish or cape at the ridiculous price of S35 One customer
while reinforcing proper typing techniques. writes "... accolades lor the authors. This is as slick a deal as I have seen
and more than adequoto for all except fancy presentations. The best thing
"This is the best typing tutor we have seen yet; ***# + "
is the ease of use . . " The peckage includes:
INFO-64
Dnabau: A complete multi-keyed filed- Ateo inducted HapurtGon, RepurtMarga
"Best typing tutor I've seen — Better than Mastertype"
rucord-Jength data boso monooer Sari or (titerlucu W/P wtfi Database lo i
Microcomputer Courseware Evaluation
i letters, statwrmita, rrw(w3iS.
■WORD INVADERS is fantastic" ■;. AND. OR NOT. mid corn] on any field rt, wiiieif reports |. Baubsll Stitiitk-
Editors of Consumer Guide perfonn computaiimii 011 numeric fields ciin [compiles bailing sttfUsLCS fora base-
Any operation can be performed on on, or boH league], several W/P utilities, inckjrtirw]
NEW! Commodore PlusM or 16 Tape $21.95 Disk S24.95
only selected records. All DeUa completely Index [tfidoxos W/P'b le-t ftflfi]; several
Commodore 64 Tape $21.95 Disk $24.95 user-definable. Can be used lor any number Dulnbdiie utiues, itckxi* hj DBmerge (faolK-
VIC 20 (unenpanded] Tape $21.95 of tasks, aiduding accounting, maitngbsts, tates rrujlti-flie database eppliceutxia J, arwj
nventory control, record, tape, or book DBSt*t [analyzes D/B Hes], a prajramrmng
cotalooing, expense account mantenance. utily. ASCII, vutiriiccnvtrts leit lies (pro
IFR (FLIGHT SIMULATOR) or as an eleCJTHHC rolode* Even if you use grunt fastings) into program files, atari
Put yourself in the pilot's seat! This pro yoir Commodore for notnofl else, tins pro- Checkbook. Inventory Paper Rauta.
nrorn Diane might justify its D'pcnS£- Loin Annlyni*, Brukavan Analyflii,
gram provides a very challenging, realistic
V'lu-ii PrncH*or: A lull luuturod menu- Ovpraciatton. Lnbelur. Filn Caplor.
simulation of (lying under Instrument Flight nVivonwurd processor mckitJirn] vur-ytasUile more.
Rules (IFR) in a single engine light plane. cunriwsds. screen ediUiy. Lent locating ond Versiuny of Lhe packa(je ore nvQ>lati!e 'or
Realistic instrumentation and aircraft per lull control ower margins, spacing, paging. uvEfy Commodore cainputer fmjmg a imm-
formance. Plenty of thrills for pilots and mdentarjcn. and justification " . . we3 nuii oM 0k RAM. Al proÔfns will ssfiport
non-pilots alike. done end hgttff&icVonef - Prnvide5ar> tape. disk, and printer Price includes
excvt&n atenTatrve tottetnghpnced word . CaM resdents
"It is tremendous fun." Compute's Gazette processors . . ttvs is an e*ceflem buy. iKltf 6¥i AiM £3 lor credit cord. COD,
"It's a great program, and as a pilot I found it to be very Highly recommended " - MtUnite Software B050 disik, or tape urtfcrs (fljEk only for
realistic. My brother, a current commercial pilot and a Garctle "PmaJesgoodtHinicfeiKures." — PJuftfl"" &id 1S"" ] No persioiiol checks frum
former Air Force flight instructor with over 3,500 hours in Compute's Gazette ouLnrdeUSA. Ths sd M thfiailHlot]. a Bom
Cnpycnlc: An electronic spreHdsheet. plmtl cf prcgrarti ouTjiut <-, uvtn\*A)lti tor £2
military and civilian aircraft was also quite impressed."
Tittb you- Commoofro ntc o ^sWe batflnce
Private Pilot rJieoL. includes screen editor "Exc&lent
;v,-,',-. ■: i {or budgeung. EStjtnavng. or any
NEW! Commodore PIjsH or 16. Tape or Disk S29.95
meLh-oriented use fcvefl worth tJie
Commodore 64 Tape or Disk $29.95
money Highty recemmended." — MiowtB
VIC 20 (unGxpandefl) Cartridge S39.95
Software GarettB.
BoxADept. P-4
ACADEfilV - Shipping ana handling $1.00 pm
Intelligent Software Son Anselmo.CA 94960
SOFTWARE - order Cfl, roslderils add 6% tit*.
Quality Software since 1962 (415] 457^6153
P.O. Box 6277 San Rafael, CA B4903 (415)499-0850

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NEWS
POWER PLAY'S FROM THE FRONT
Turtle Robot
Jiobetek (113 Commercial Street, New Minas, Nova Scotia, Canada B4H 3E6) has
announced the availability of the Valiant Turtle. Unlike earner turtles, this versatile
robot is remote controlled by an Infra-red transmitter and the software allows It to
execute all LOGO commands. The turtle's two Independent stepper motors make it one
of the most accurate on the market, according to the manufacturer. It is powered by ten
nickel cadmium rechargeable batteries—simply plug the power adapter (included) Into a
socket on the turtle. Two illuminated eyes serve as power indicators—they go out before any
other functions fail—and It carries a pen which can be raised or lowered to trace its move
ments. The turtle moves in units of one centimeter but can be programmed to move In units
of one millimeter, one inch or one meter. It can also draw smooth circles and arcs. The
Valiant Turtle comes as a complete package: turtle, batteries, Infra-red transmitter, power
adapter, pen, manuals and software.
The Valiant Turtle interfaces with the Commodore 64.
Expansion Guide for the Commodore 64

Oommodore 84 Expansion Guide, written by Gary Phillips and published by Tab Books (Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214), is aguide to
hardware accessories and add-ons for the 64. The book offers opinions on which ones are the best buys for the money and applications the
user has In mind, and explains how products from other manufacturers can be interfaced with the 64.
Each accessory is chosen for value and performance, based on the author's testing and examination. The book provides background on
each type of device—printers, disk drives, modems, monitors, and specialized accessories from light pens, graphics tablets, and security
units, to music keyboards, voice synthesizers, and photographic units. Reviews of each product include comparative tables of vital features
as well as realistic assessments of flaws and disadvantages, unique features and strong points.
There is informatioi on how each device can be interfaced or connected to the 64 and a full glossary of computer terms. The book retails
for S22.95 (hardbou j and S16.45 (paperback).
Markers for Computer Disks

Danford Corporation (2740 Washington Blvd., Bellwood, Illinois 60104) has released two
new types of markers designed specifically for use on computer disks, One of the new
markers called Diskribe can be used directly on computer software disk sleeves for safe
identification and reference. The ink Is quick-drying and permanent. Tests verify that the
markings do not affect information on the disk itself. Availability of two distinct Diskribe
colors—silver and gold—enables users to color code disk markings to Identify different
kinds of data.
The ottier marker, called the Label Pen, meets the need for a writing instrument that
really "takes" on slick-finish and other hard-to-mark labels currently being used on
diskettes and VCR cassettes. The extra-fine point and high-intensity permanent ink makes
writing easier to read on small labels. The ink dries quickly and resists smearing. The Label
Pen is available in three colors—black, red and blue. Harken forme on eompntar
software aid In organization.
Music for the Commodore 64

qJ Music Rolls (1026 Niagara Street, Buffalo, Ny 14213), an 85year-old manufacturer
of piano rolls, has announced a new line of hardware and software products. Designed to
join computers to musical instruments that use a standard Musical Instrument Digital
Interface (MIDI), the company's hardware products include a MIDI interface (S49.95) and
general purpose MIDI connecting cable ($19.95) The software products, en disk, enable a
Commodore 64 to "play" music through one or more instruments using the MIDI
interface. QRS also has a library of over 10,000 piano rolls, digitally encoded to run on the 64,
Each six-song "album" has a suggested retail price of S19.95.
14 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER '85
NEWS
POWER PLAY'S FROM THE FRONT
Speech Synthesizer for

the VIC 20
1 alktronics (27341 Eastridge Drive, El Toro, CA 92630) has
released the VIC-Talker speech synthesis cartridge for the VIC 20
VIC-Talker provides unlimited vocabulary translation oi text to
synthesized speech using advanced English language
pronunciation rules and a user-expandable exception memory. The
product is self-contained and is used with an unBxpanded VIC. The
cartridge incorporates an internal audio mixer to blend the
synthesized voice output with sounds generated by the VIC-Talker
sound chip for simultaneous sound effects with voice. VIC-Talker
retails for S89.00,
Fast-Loader Cartridge
xlcc
ccess Software (925 East 900 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84105) has released Mach 8, a fast-loader enhancement package for the
Commodore 64 and 1541 disk drive, The Mach 5 is completely transparent, does not disturb RAM. works with all popular printers, and
loads disk-based programs up to 500% faster.
In addition to the fast-load cartridge, Access includes two enhancement programs. Disk Organizer automatically extracts directory
Information from the user's disk library and catalogs it for future reference. Dumps to either the screen or a line printer are also
supported. BASIC Plus 4K provides an extra 4K bytes to the BASIC workspace. Compatibility with CBM BASIC version 2 is maintained.
Danger and Mystery

IVlicrocomputer Games (4517 Harford Road, Baltimore, MD 21214) has released Maxwell Manor, a game for the Commodore 64 with
more than 50 screens, 100 variations, and ten skill levels. You are Professor Arabesque and your mission is to find the Skull of Doom that
controls Maxwell Manor and destroy it. But beware of the man-eating bugs in the garden, poisonous blood spots in the front hall and huge
spiders downstairs. The program" retails for £25.00.
Electronic Retail Store

omp-U-Card International (777 Summer Street, Stamford, CT 06901) has announced the opening of the Shopping Machine Store
one of the first completely electronic retail stores.
Located in the Park City Center of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the Shopping Machine Store contains four laser video disk kiosks and three
on-line computers. The kiosks, activated by touching a sensor screen, demonstrate and display merchandise ranging from lobsters to
VCR's, and automobiles w trips to Paris. By combining the kiosks with the personal computers, customers can purchase more than
100,000 products at savings up to 50%.
Both systems are easy to use, requiring no computer knowledge. Customers simply respond to product feature questions such as ■'What
size TV are you interested in?" 'Do you want remote control?1' and "What's the most you want to spend?" The computer then selects the
televisions that meet the consumer's criteria and displays them.
Merchandise is paid for by running a credit card through the credit card reader, or by check. Items are delivered to the home, office, or
specified location by a member of a Comp-U-Card's nationwide vendor network. All merchandise comes with full US. manufacturers'
warranties.
Wizard Expansion Set

p
1 rogresstve Peripherals £f Software's (2186 South Holly, Suiw 2, Denver, Colorado 80222) contest for Wizard players has resulted in
the Wizard Expansion Set, an even more demanding game than its predecessor. The contest, which ran from July to October of 19S4
asked Wizard players to build additional levels for the game. A player must have the original Wizard game disk to play the expansion set
(See the review of Wizard in tha December/January Commodore Power/Play.)
MortNtwt im/Hiyf 127
POWLRPLAY 15
BDUEJ1TURE ROHD BYSHAYAODAMS
Mindwheel
Sparks Parser Spider Man and S.A.G.A.-
Plus
War If you prefer graphic adventures. Spi
News and opinion from der Man also sports a new parser, the
first significant upgrade in the Ad
L he de facto industry standard for a leading explorer of venture
since graphics
International adventures
were added to the
years, Infocom's parser (an adventure
game's vocabulary] was recently those fantasy realms original all-text games Called
knocked out of the saddle when Syn S.A.G.A.-Plus, the new parser lets
apse Software's Mindwheel for the 64 known as adventure you issue multiple commands when
rolled into sight and triggered what's moving around by typing. "N then S
shaping up as a full-scale Parser War.
games. then E." Spider Man's crisp, colorful
Synapse's parser outguns the compe graphics and the new parser almost
tition by increasing the kinds of made me forget it was an Adams
things you can say to the other char with the demons, thugs and spidut game, which previously were not not
acters in the game, which enhances ladies, not to mention Irv the Frog, are ed for the sophistication of their
the feeling that you're involved in a vital to the mission's success. parsers, The program loads new pic
real story. Beaten at their own game ■Mindwheel introduces a new tech tures in five seconds, some of the fas
for the first time, the wizards at Info- nique to the adventure genre, with test disk access I've seen from a Com
com have geared up to develop an what could be called "real-time" modore 64 graphic adventure.
improved parser in hopes of regaining background. A common characteris Spider Man's plot resembles that of
their longstanding reign over the tic of true interactive fiction, "back The Hulk, the initial game in the
kingdom of adventure games. ground" is composed of things that QuestProbe series, for your goal is to
With the Synapse parser, you can keep happening around you even if round up gems and store them on the
say things such as. "Irv, what is east you don't do anything (except type first floor of an abandoned building to
of here''" and even ask other charac "wait"). In Mindwheel. this usually score points Other characters from
ters about their inventory. Multiple consists of a character doing some the Marvel Comic books appear inter
commands are permuted, even in thing insignificant or talking—but mittently, clutching the gems and
conversation, so you can say. "Mona. this can happen at any time. And daring you to take them. You can't
get the brooch and give it to the thug once, while I was trying to figure out converse as articulately with Lizard
and follow me." With a parser capable how to deal with a robot in the bank, Man, Sand Man and the other comic
of understanding such complex com a grinning demon jumped out and book characters as you can with peo
mands, game designers can dream captured me. This feature contributes ple in the Infocom and Synapse
up more subtle problems and intricate unexpected suspense to the adven games, but there's more emphasis on
situations—so you can expect to see ture experience as well as a "be here characters here than in previous Scott
now" quality that makes it more in Adams adventures. The spot anima
some unusual adventures from Syn
tense than many adventures. tion, in which Spider Man appears to
apse. (Though fast, efficient, and
easily state-of-the-art, the parser did With lots of riddles and people-ori move, is faster and more effectively
occasionally deliver a bizarre re ented problems in addition to the executed than similar scenes in Hulk
sponse. When I said, "Feed the typical object-based situations. Mind It's an intermediate-level challenge
horse," the program asked, "Who do wheel is an intermediate-level game.
Other New Graphic
you want to feed the horse to?") You often have to think poetically as
An all-text tale, Mindwheel begins well as logically, for it was written by Adventures for the 64
in the not-so-distant future and sends Robert Pinsky, an award-winning Another new adventure—with graph
poet with an evocative style and a ics that could pass for computer art—
you on a telepathic trip back through
time to find the Wheel of Wisdom, the truly offbeat sense of humor. Mind Activision's Mindshadow has a more
only thing that can save civilization wheel enables you to obtain a hard sophisticated parser than Spider
copy of the game in progress and is Man's, but the problems are so easy
from self-destruction. Your journey
progresses through the minds of four packaged on both sides of a pair of that I can recommend it only for nov
dead people—a rock star, a dictator, a disks that come with a hard-bound ice adventurers. Though aimed at
poet, and a "female Einstein." Each book containing the first few chapters teenagers, Swiss Family Robinson (a
of their minds is like another world: In of the story graphic game in Spinnaker's Wind
the rock star's mind, you find yourself A science fiction saga about a ham Classics series) is tricky anc
on stage at a huge concert, while the space ship called Essex is the next clever enough to satisfy older players
dictator's mind contains a sinister title m the Synapse line of "electronic and a good game for the family tc
novels" and should be off the pad by collaborate on. Cave Girl Claire, one o
castle. Numerous characters inhabit
tho time you read this Continued on py. 12t
these minds, and your interactions
■toiceComrnumcai.ons corning in from all rjirecrions1? 20 Al reran in fhe pattern,
ond now you hove an EM E RGEN CY!' As' 'Kennedy jWoach/; YOU are. I n c riarpe11 Experience The reality oMhese othergreatsimutations from MlcroProso:
IT'S your Job to gel all thQsa airciarf and passengs's on trie Q'Ouna Of on fie way Safely1 '
Yfcu'll lealfy be gfad when Ihis shift is ov&M!
K&nn«fy rtoprooch" js trte fi rst "Speaki nfl Si mu lation" fnaf ol lews you not on ly to
control me e*c iTin^ ocnon I n fTig &h«s around soms of our &u$ies[ qi rpons but a iso To
near and camm urn ccte wrh tne si my Ion on u ircratl usi ng com pufer ganeraiea e^kh
FosTacTion, greai ajrc'ati conirol simnlalion. and autstendina. g'opmes ainj sound
make "Kennedy ApprracJi" a rnustodaiTion To your simuiahon sofrâre libmryi'
SEEVO Jft LOCAL RETAILER for "Kenn&rjvflpproac Is" Available for CommodOfe^': and
Wan computersfarsufjgested retail ofQnlyS34 95 Fornoreinformaiiononall
e-ed Screen Picture M i croProse prod ucls call or write
MicroProse Software
120 Lakefront Drive
Hunt Volley, MD21030
Choneng o As close roue Heal YOUaieinCarranonfl
The Action is Simulated — the Excitement is REAL!! 301-667-1151 Air Combat from hi* Thrill of Flyingos You D- Day lo mo
Maaern Electronic CocKpitl i CHdlll f
Circle Reader Service No. 16 Softvrara Speecn"1 by Electronic Soaecn Systems ol Berkeley. CA ComnrodorB-64 and Aion ara registered iraoernorts otComrnodora Business Mochmes. Inc and Man Inc
HDUEHTURE SPECIHl REVIEWED BY MARK COTONE
Adventure The program is

Construction menu-driven
making for
Set
uncomplicated
Computer: Commodore 64
Publisher: Electronic Arts use, whether
2Tob Campus Drive
San Mateo. CA 94403 you are
Medium: Disk modifying
Retail
Price: $34.99 one of eight
adventures
adventurers lake note. You may
not. under any circumstances, pass included, or
over this page This review is re
quired reading Mandatory. No ex
building a
ceptions.
masterpiece
Don't be taken back by this ada
mant stance It's for your own good. I from scratch.
have a product that you will find both
alluring and satisfying. It's Stuart moves you to a variety of locations1 evitable shot of witty, mind-boggling
Smith's Adventure Construction Set from the Rabbit Hole in Alice's Won puzzlement And true to form. Smith
by Electronic Arts, and it is a must for derland, to a stone labyrinth In a Nazi delivers.
all microvoyagers, from the sorcerer castle; across the tumultous Delaware Rivers of Light Is set at the dawn of
to the apprentice, to everyone in be with Washington and Ins troops, and civilization in the Near East. Your
tween . onward into the vastness of our gal mission is to search along the Tigris
This project is an unprecedented axy aboard an Enterprise-style star- and Euphrates Rivers, and on to an
disk-driven triple play, a sweeping ship cient Egypt, all in an attempt to ac
package containing three complete The learning process is brilliantly quire the essence of Osiris, god of the;
programs designed to enlighten you subtle Any beginner's feelings of in dead and giver of eternal life.
about every aspect of computer fanta timidation will quickly melt beneath The manual suggests that you refer
sy lands. There's an orientation sec the thrill of exploring the diverse as to an atlas or world map to research
tion called the Land of Aventuria, a sortment of didactic tests. Educated the important locations and histona!
new major league challenge entitled guesses are encouraged and mistakes facts that underlie this expedition
Rivers of Light, and the construction can be made, for an automatic save Judging from the expansive list of
set itself. function has been incorporated. !f books Smith includes in his game-
Aventuria is a tutorial program your character should inadvertently designing bibliography, this would
aimed at introducing prospective step into a life-sapping trap, his end appear to be worthwhile. In prepara
players to Smith's fictive worlds. By can be viewed as a means for enlight tion, the author has studied every
following a simple map provided in an enment. You can resurrect him with thing from David Leeming's Mytho
accompanying manual, you move the knowledge of events which logy to Norman Mailer's Ancient
through seven "mini-adventures." brought about his demise, and, hope Evenings.
These mini-adventures are a group of fully, the presence of mind to tread a For most keyboard explorers, in
quick quizzes structured to guide new path toward your goal. cluding myself, this full length epic is
you, slowly but surely, through an in An experienced campaigner might no one-sitting pushover. But I'm sure
structional tour of game play. Each find this all a bit childish. But fear not, there are a few experts in the audi
stop increases in complexity, con your time is near. Simply arrange for a ence who could cruise through this
fronting the player with a series of short stay at Aventuria, only until contest without working up a sweat.
complications whose solutions will you're comfortable with the playing I've heard all about you guys. You're
draw upon your ability to combine principles, and then go on to the River the ones who broke the Zork trilogy
previously obtained Aventuria skills of Light. over breakfast, and then eliminated
with newly acquired dexterities. Stuart Smith is a designer with im the Ultima series before noon.
You begin with Secret Agent pressive credentials. Noting his past Okay. I'm impressed. And 1 doubt if
00111, a straightforward "how-to- hits. All Baba and the Foity Thieves any excursion contained on this disk
play" lesson that nails down the ba and Return of Heracules. one can't will stump a specialist with your
sics. After you familiarize yourself help but approach his new adventure adeptness. So now I give you a new
with these ground rules, your tutelage with trepidation, bracing for the in option. If you know all the tricks—the
18 AUGUST SEPTEMBER'85
GOT A COMPUTER?
intricate ir.'s and out's of predesigned
dilemmas, the gamut of giveaways
and simple strategic solutions—then GOT A
put them to work in a new dimension
Instead of picking apart these prefab
fantasies, why not build one''
For this is the beauty of the Adven
ture Construction Set: the opportuni
ty to put your creative impulses to
work, transforming mischievous brain
waves into personal puzzles. Here, al!
the world is a stage and you are the
director. Everything is under your
control, from the shapes and disposi
tions of roaming creatures, to the
placement and power of curses and
spells, to the ever-changing physical
makeup of your terrain And the po
tern1-."--- ■■,:■:■:■', \
tential magnitude of your creations is
staggering. With imagination your
only restraint you can actually devel
GET A DEGREE.
op a game with 240 different rooms
(screens) using up to 500 unique crea
tures surrounded by 8500 distinct
props, all acting and reacting as you
pleaae. Now, for the first time, are included in the course
The Construction Set comes you can take real courses, prices.
packed with articles of every possible from live instructors, right in Degrees available through
pattern, with beings from every your home or office, right on the Electronic University
known and unknown race (look close your own personal computer. include: Associate Degrees in
ly lor characters from M.U.L.E., Ar-
You can use an Electronic Business and General Studies,
chon. Adept, and Murder on the Zin-
Library for research, tune-in Baccalaureate Degrees in
derneuf). And even if you can't find
to interactive seminars, and Business and the Arts, several
anyone from this massive cast to fit
your needs, everyone and everything take advantage of a full MBA Degrees, and specialized
can be customized and overhauled to counseling center. Certificate Programs. There is

meet your specifications The Electronic University also a variety of non-credit
The program is menu-driven and is a national educational sys courses offered over the sys
loystick controlled, making for un tem that connects your per tem, as well as Tutoring
complicated use, whether you are sonal computer to recognized Programs for children.
modifying one of the eight adventures colleges and universities Isn't it time to involve
included on the disk, or building a
located throughout the coun yourself in education once
masterpiece from scratch. Any dedi
try. You can study nearly any again? Have some fun, become
cated designer can work for months
subject at your own pace, and part of the spirit of a national
perfecting his universe; composing
on your own schedule. university system, and better
music, setting hidden traps and bury
ing treasures. Or, for the less ambi Finally, technology is eli yet, open up a world of new
tious, there is always the option of minating those barriers (time, opportunities for yourself and
letting the computer finish what you location, and high cost) that your entire family. Call us
started. Just designate the mood, have prevented you from ioday:
challenge, and goal of your crusade, completing your college edu
and the machine will do the rest. cation, entering a Master's 800-22LEARN or
I can't help but en]oy any program Degree Program, or just taking
that stirs my creative juices, forcing
that course you've always
800-44LEARN
me to think and work in a personal in California.
wanted to take.
ized frame. And if that energy can be
No computer knowledge
elicited in an entertaining, enjoyable The Electronic University
is required to use the system
way (which Adventure Construction 5Q5 Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133
Set does so well), the product be and all communication costs 415/928-2800
comes that much better. q

POWERPLAY 19
speiibj REVIEWKI) iiV DONALD LiKAIIAM
Adventurewriter
Publisher: Codewriier
78-17 N. Caldwell Avenue
Niles, IL 60648
Medium: Disk
B e careful. If you really enjoy play

ing adventure games, then this prod
uct may not be your cup of tea. If,
however, you think you'd enjoy creat
ing your very own adventures to your
own specifications, then don't pass
up Adventurewriter. This is another
systc-m in the Codewriter series that
allows easy creation of complex pro
grams, all Dig while relieving the user
of the responsibility of actually writ
ing the program
Before describing Adventurewriter.
let me first discuss some of the con ferent from the other Codewriter started as well as what preliminary
cepts of writing an adventure game. products. In most of their other prod development work needs to be done
By its nature, an adventure program ucts, you are the user as well as the before the adventure-writing process
must systematically manipulate a creator. You define your own needs may begin Also included are some
base of data through the commands and fulfill them with a custom appli suggestions for selling adventures
of the player. This manipulation is cation program that you will use. that you create It is a good approach
handled in BASIC largely through the With A d ven t we writer, however, you to acquaint you with adventures and
use of arrays. Arrays keep track of will be much less likely to play an their development.
objects and player locations, legal adventure that you create, since you The tutorial division is the real
movements and inventories of items will already know the solution before meat of this manual, consisting of 70
carried by the player. While arrays are you start playing the game. In tins pages of detailed instructions for the
most appropriate for keeping tabs on sense, Adventurewiitei is more like actual building of the adventure. A
all of these parameters, they are not Dialog (another Codewriter offering), single scenario is presented and you
so easy to program and accurately because you are creating programs are guided through all phases of de
maintain. It is this complex process of that someone else will ultimately use. velopment of the program. Everything
tracking and manipulating data that Advon lure writer comes with one is covered in this tutorial. It starts out
makes writing adventures in BASIC disk and a 114-page instruction man with directions as to how to use the
such a difficult task. ual. As with their other products, editor. The capabilities of the 64 are
In addition to the data tracking, the Codewriter provides a complete one- expanded somewhat in the editor to
program must be able to recognize or year warranty for the disk, along with provide more flexibility in entering
interpret the commands entered by a promise of toll-free customer sup the commands and descriptions that
the player, thereby simulating some port and an optional back-up copy. As you will need to develop.
level of intelligence. Those com warranties go, this is better than most Next, you are walked through the
mands must be parsed and processed software, companies provide. The disk process of creating the data base for
by the program. Properly written ad and manual come in a book-style pro the adventure. You begin by creating
venture programs must deal with all tective binder that fits very nicely on descriptions of all of the locations to
of these elements and that takes a bookshelf. be used in the instructional game
some real programming skill. Now for a look at that manual. The After this, you are guided through the
Codewriter has answered this need instruction manual is divided into other parts of the data base. You are
to simplify the tracking and interpret three major sections: an introduction, then shown how to expand and edit
ing processes. Using Advonture- a tutorial and a reference section In the data base- You can change object
wnter, you can simply state your re the introduction, you are first pro starting locations and messages and
quirements in each of several areas, vided with guidance as to how to ef modify the status table. Each table
(movement, legal commands and ob fectively use the manual. This is fol you woik with is described in detail
ject control] and the software will lowed by a brief discussion oi what an along with its position in the overall
write an adventure program for you in adventure program is all about. The working of the program, so you can
machine language format. third part of the introduction clearly fully understand how the adventure
This format, however, is a little dif explains how to get Adventurewriter Continued on pg, 126
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Game reviews KEVIEWKDKYJACKKAMMLK
flights. At the top of your screen,
Kennedy Kennedy Approach

you'll see abbreviated flight plans for
up to 26 planes telling you who start
Approach gives your 64 the

ed where, their current altitudes, who
is waiting to take off, and where they
all want to go Sometimes a plane will
Computer: Commodore 64 power to simulate not want only to fly through your area on
Publisher: MicroProse its way to another city, but more often
120 Lakofrom drive only the air traffic than not. it's up to you to steer it clear
Medium:
Hunt Valley. MD 21030
Disk
controllers radar of all other planes in the area and
bring it in for a landing.
Retail
screen, but also his or A safe landing. Not only safe, but
Price: S34.95 safe in accordance with all applicable
her two-way regulations, or you just might find
Jit's something like three-dimension yourself catching a flight back to
al chess with SuperSonic Transports communications with Mama in Des Moines to help with the
instead of kings and queens, 747rs harvest. With hundreds of lives on the
instead of knights on horses, and
pilots. line, your bosses have no qualms
sluggish Cessnas instead of lowly about firing an inefficient air traffic
HI 1 l r a
pawns But Kennedy Approach, the Ell I 1 I controller
LICI LHP C L I
latest release from MicroProse. is 3 11 3 1 H For each ten-minute or quarter-
more intense than chess; it is a simu hour playing segment, you can re
lation par oxcellenco. ceive cash bonuses for good perfor
When airplanes below a certain al mance and be promoted as well. The
titude approach busy airports, they simulation evaluates you favorably for
are required by federal regulation to your successful landings, proper de
contact Approach Control. The air partures and management of emer
r j
traffic controller watches a radar gencies. What the bosses don't like to
-
screen and monitors the progress of
n
■
see are conflicts, in which you allow
each flight. It is his or her job to keep planes to encroach on each other's
those planes away from each other by airspace, delays of planes waiting for
at least three miles if they are at the take-off, improper departures (wrong
same altitude, or by 1,000 feet of alti and clear, thanks to the spectacular direction or altitude) and, under
tude if they are within three miles. voice synthesis of Electronic Speech standably enough, crashes.
Kennedy Approach gives your Systems of Berkeley, California. Usu When nothing is happening, you
Commodore 64 the power to simulate ally the pilot responds with a simple can press the space bar to speed the
not only the air traffic controller's ra and efficient "Roger," but sometimes clock to double time And if a skyful of
dar screen, but also his or her radio there are problems to announce: pianes isn't enough to keep your com
communications with pilots. "United 817, emergency1 Eight min puter brain happy with simulation
Using an ingenious system of )oys- utes fuel!" And hearing is believing. stimulation. Kennedy Approach can
tick and fire button, you quickly and JFK International Airport's Ap arrange to have a killer thunderstorm
conveniently send complex instruc proach is only one of five Approach sweep across your airport, forcing you
tions to the planes appearing on your Control centers this game simulates. to send the radar blips in your care
screen. To give a command, you On your way to the top. you must scurrying to safety.
move the cursor with your ]oystick to start in Atlanta, move on to Dallas- The documentation is commend
the plane's radar image, and press Fort Worth, proceed to Denver, and able for weaving factual information
the fire button to lock onto that plane, then show your stuff in Washington, about the real world of air traffic con
moving the cursor up or down for alti D,C. before opening your show in the trol into its explanation of how to use
tude changes and left or right for Bicj Apple. the program. However, to save a few
changes in direction. Now press the After you choose a skiD level from minutes of confusion, note this one
fire button once again to transmit the one to five, you pick a shift at an thing. The screen shows each plane's
message Since planes sitting on the airport that will challenge the skill you altitude by displaying bars under the
ground waiting for peimission to take claim to have. A slow graveyard shift plane's icon. Each bar indicates 1,000
off have no radar image, you lock onto at Kennedy, for example, demands feet of altitude. The actual position of
them by piossing their single-letter the same skill level as a relatively hec the plane is represented not by the
identifier on the keyboard. tic morning in Atlanta. icon, but by the bottom bar, The doc
When you transmit a command, al Often there may be a nearby small umentation falls a little short in ex
ways consisting of a compass head er, general aviation field cluttering plaining thai point. Nevertheless,
ing and altitude, you actually hear it the sky with snail-paced private what it all adds up to is engrossing,
being transmitted to the plane, loud planes on sightseeing and local intense and frenetic fun. H
A QUICK DATA™ DRIVE IS 20 TIMES
FASTER THAN AUDIO CASSETTES,
LOADS FASTER THAN A COMMODORE
DISK DRIVE, AND COSTS $84.95.
■ I ■
MONEY-SAVING PACKAGES
THE MICROWAFER OFFICE: $139.95
Includes: 170K Quick Data Drive ($04.95);
Word Manager word processor ($34.05); Plan
Unbelievable? Believe it. The Quick Data
Managerspread sheet ($34.95); the Speed File file
Microwafer™ Drive is a new drive technology that
manager ($69.95(. A $189.85 value for $139.95.
loads a 24K program ln20 seconds VS. 8 minutes for THE MICROWAFER TEACHER; $129.95
a cassette drive or 1 minute for a Commodore Disk
Drive.
General Math; Spelling; plus Typing Tutor. A
Unbeatable price. Onu 170K drive: $84.95. Two
$159.80 value for 5129.95.
drive 340K system: $154.95. Factory direct, with 0
THE MICROWAFER ENTERTAINER: $119.95
full 3u-day guarantee, if you're not delighted with Includes: 17UK Quick Data Drive ($04.95);
your Quick Data Drives, return them within 30 days plus, three of the most popular game programs for
for a full refund. No questions asked.
Commodore computers. A $174.80 value for
Software included. All Quick Data Drives come
$119.95.
with the QOS'" operating system, system utilities
THE PHANTOM QOS PACKAGE: $99.95
and easy-to-use Instructions. Plus a blank Micro-
wafer. You can be up and running in about five Phantom QOS KOM Cartridge that quickly loads
minutes.
and locates the operating system in ROM outside
Lots of software. Dozens of leading programs are
the computer's main memory ($29.95). A $114.90
available on Microwafers. Or, you can use Entrepo
value for S99.95.
QOS to copy your existing Basic Programs to
Microwafers from either cassette or diskette. ORDERING DIRECT FROM ENTREPO.
Mix-and-matuh. You can daisy-chain the Quick Commodore" 64™ owners. Call us at the loll free
Data Drive with your existing cassette recorder by number below. Give us your VISA or MasterCard
plugging it into! ho cassette port, or, use two QDD's Credi! Card number, lull us which package you want.
linked together for dual drive capability. No problem. II will be on its way to you the following day. Simple
as that Allow $3.00 For shipping and postage. Really
Unco ml I ilnna I GumntM! II you am nm conplttaly ntlsftad wilh four Quick D.it.i fast delivery? Add $10 for overnight package express.
Orivu Sytttm, return II In BnlKpO. Int.. wilhin 30 days for a lull refund. Your sislrm TOLL FREE ORDERING: 1 (800) 231-0251
is also covered by a 90 iluy Warranty against failures or dnfw.ls in manufacture.
IN CALIFORNIA 1 (800) 648-4114
Is n trJitinniurk of Commodon Inletnjilioiiul, Inc,

entrepo
CBIT1E REUIEUIS REVIEWED BV KOHERT W. I1AKKK
warps to reach a planet, the planet

Gyruss appears on the screen After a brief
breather, you'll enter the chance
Computer: Commodore 64 stage During this stage, there will be
Publisher: Parker Brothers four enemy plane formations, one at a
50 Dunham Road time, but they have no power to de
Beverly. MA 01915 stroy you. Position yourself for maxi
Medium: Disk/Cartridge mum firing accuracy and try to de
Retail stroy as many planes as possible.
Price: Not available Bonus points are awarded at tho end,
with a special bonus awarded if all
H ere's a game for the Commodore planes were destroyed. When the
64 that I really enjoyed reviewing. You It's a tough flight and a chance stage is over, it's off to the
see, this is a home version of my fa
vorite video arcade game, and it plays
shoot-out all the way, as next planet.
You start the game with five planes
almost identically to the arcade ver you defeat wave after and get an extra plane at 60,000
sion. It can be played as a one- ot points, plus additional spaceships for
two-player game, with players alter wave ofenemy plane every 100,000 points thereafter. You
nating turns in the two-player mode.
formations. accumulate points for every enemy
The object of this game is to make piano and satellite destroyed, with
the long journey from beyond Nep bonuses for each entire formation de
tune back to the sanctuary of Earth. stroyed. Whenever you have double
You'll have to defeat enemy planes fire power, the molecular satellites
while avoiding meteors and satellites count double.
along the way. It's a tough flight and The total score for both players is
a shoot-out all the way. as you defeat displayed at the top of the screen
wave after wave of enemy plane for along with an indication of the cur
mations. Stops at Neptune, Uranus. rent player's stage number. The stage
Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars mark your number keeps track of the total num
progression towards Earth. Each is a ber of warps and chance stages
short visit, though, then it's off again you've completed during the game,
to the next planet and the next wave ter of the screen and attack again so you'll have some idea where you
of enemy planes. They'll continue to attack until you've are in the game. Sound effects in
Each screen tells you the number of eliminated them all, or you've been clude the usual blasts and explosions
warps to the next planet. Each warp destroyed yourself. Besides trying to along with an interesting background
is one stage of battle against the en avoid being hit by the enemy planes, piece You'll be listening to Johan Se
emy planes that guard the planets of you also have to dodge their missiles, bastian Bach's "Toccata and Fugue
your destination. It takes two warps which you cannot destroy. But planes in D Minor "
to reach Neptuno, then throe warps to ars not all you need to worry about; As I said before, this is a home
reach each of the subsequent planets. there are satellites and meteors, too. version of one of the latest video ar
There is a brief pause between each There are two types of satellites. cade games. The adaptation is very
warp as your spaceship speeds to One type looks like a giant blue mole well done and should be a great addi
wards the next planet. cule or an orange globe, and they ap tion to any home library There are
Within each warp, you'll face four pear in groups of three. Shooting the only a few minor deviations from the
different formations of enemy planes. middle satellite doubles your plane's arcade version, with a few differences
You fly in a circular pattern around fire power, giving you a double row of in the enemy plane flight patterns
the perimeter of the screen, control missies every time you shoot. This Also, the arcade version gives you
ling your position with the side-to- power stays with your ship until it's only three planes to start, but you get
side motion of your joystick. The en destroyed, and can be very important another at 30,000 points with addi
emy formations usually emerge from in later stages of the game. tional planes for every 60,000 points
the center of the screen where they The other type of satellite appears thereafter
band together and attack. Be careful in pairs with a deadly energy wave The game itself is very easy to play,
though, they sometimes emerge from between them. You'll have to shoot but difficult to master. Flight controls
the side of tho screen so they can them down to break the wave or ma are simple enough for almost anyone.
create a surprise attack !n either neuver around them. Meteors look Graphics are good and give an illu
case, you try to shoot down as many like large rocks that come flying di sion of motion, with great sound ef
planes within the formation as you rectly at you. They cannot be de fects to match. The documentation is
can without getting hit yourself. stroyed, so be sure to stay clear of brief and to the point. All in all, this is
After the last formation appears, all them. one of my top choices for Commodore
remaining pianos regroup in the cen- If you complete the- two or three 64 game software. Q
SMART-START
MAKES PROGRAMMING FUN AND EASY FOR EVERYONE!
, graphics and other

advanced features are what
make the Commodore 64 as
popular as it is. But these fea
tures can also require a lot more
programming know-how than
many Commodore owners care
to learn. That's why MUSE's1
developed SMART START'"
to harness the power of
the Commodore and
put it conveniently at
your finger-tips.
Here are just a
few of the
things you
can do with
SMART
START'"
Here's how it
• You don't works! Visityour
need to be authorized Muse®
familiar with the Software Dealer. Pur
Commodore key chase a SMART START"
board, SMART START1" lets along with any second
you quickly select all functions Muse title. Send us the
from pull-down menus with purchase receipt of your two
cursor orjoystick. Muse"' programs plus a title
end flap from each software
• No need to type long instruc
package.
tions to LOAD, RUN, SAVE and
We'll send you a 10% REBATE on
CATALOG programs, with GET A
the purchase price of your second
SMART START1" you press a SMART START™ Muse'-1 selection—that's up to 58
single key. FROM MUSE AND back from Muse1"1. Rebate value will
• Easily design colorful graphics WE'LL GIVE YOU A HEAD vary according to program and
and exciting sound effects. START ON YOUR NEXT dealer's actual selling price.
SMART START™ automatically SOFTWARE PURCHASE!
generates the BASIC code for
use in your own programs. GET UP TO AN S8 REBATE
• Keep track of time with an MUSE® SOFTWARE
DIRECTLY FROM MUSE®!
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• Always just a keystroke away
EXPECTTHE EXCEPTIONAL. □ Yes, I want a 10% Rebate
... works with any program
MUSE
you're running. ® Name _
• Merge multiple programs into Address _
one.
• Easily print out screens and
Qty_
programs.
SOFTWARE State
Get the most out of your
Commodore 64 with a SMART 347 M.Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21201 Allow four lo sn weeks to receive your
START1" from MUSE®.
(301)659-7212 rebate directly from Muse*'. Offer expires
Suggested retail price S39.95
June 30,1985 Offer void where prohibited
by law.
For limited time includes second Commodore is a regjêred T'<Ktomark oF
BASF Oualimetric disk FREE Commodore Business Machines.

CBmE BEUIEUI5
Raid on
!
Bungeling Bay
Publisher: Broderbund The object is to destroy
17 Paul Drive
San Rafael. CA 94903 all war machinery
Medium: Disk
Retail factories
Price: $29.95
before you
ast reconnaissance reports have
lose all
shown the Bungeling Empire to be a n
powerful but peaceful society. Re- five of
ently, however, satellite photos have
revealed a massive mobilization of your
military machinery and the develop
ment of six new war machinery fac helicopters..
tories. Luckily, the capture of classi
fied documents has allowed our
government to get advance warning
of an oncoming attack They have
also revealed that the Bungeling plan
has but one flaw. Bungeling Bay
It seems that in order to save time
and resources, the Empire has built
all six factories within a few miles of
each other on a group of 12 islands
within the bay. With careful planning radar screen showing your position, a ing problem. You really didn't think it
and a little luck, a single assault hell- pointer to your aircraft carrier, heli would be that easy, did you7 Well, the
copter can probably hit the factories copters left, factories left, score indi problem, or problems I should say, are
before being detected. As the coun cator and a damage indicator which jet planes These include black bomb
try's only hope, you will be taken into goes from zero to 100. (If it reaches ers which attack your carrier and
the bay by aircraft carrier and have 100, your helicopter crashes.) white fighters which fire heat-seek
five helicopters to complete the mis The instruction booklet references ing missiles at your helicopter. Either
sion. But remember, you can only at a total of 100 screens, although the try to avoid the planes if possible, or
tack with one at a time to avoid de most I could find was 80. While travel destroy them before they leave the
tection. Here, time is of the essence: ing along the scrolling screen, you are airports.
If you take too long, the Empire will able to bomb any target on land or sea I couldn't find any real problems
be able to complete the construction with your nine bombs (you can also with this game except that it's only a
of a large battleship If this happens, use machine guns on some targets) one-player contest and there is no dif
it's only a matter of time before your When out of bombs, you must return ficulty setting. But despite how good
aircraft carrier and remaining helicop to your carrier, land and load nine you think you are, don't expect to win
ters are sunk (unless you can sink the more bombs. Take heed here: On the this one in a couple of hours. It's not
battleship first) island of Picdis. you will find an air that easy
The object of Raid on Bungeling port which houses a supply of bombs. Now for the reward. If you do man
Bay is to destroy all six factories be To find the landing site, look at the age to pull a victory, you'll be the
fore you lose all five of your helicop game map where you can see letters subject of a newspaper article in the
ters A map accompanies the instruc along the outer edges. Notice at co Daily News. The article will explain
tion manual which helps you locate ordinates 10. 20. 36 and 72, the letters your triumph in detail and you'll even
the factories. On the islands, you will spell out R-A-I-D. Now follow each see the stock market rising because
find two enemy airports, robot tanks, line to the point of intersection. This of it. Following the article, you will
radar towers, and anti-aircraft guns. is the only area within the bay that become the guest of honor in a graph
In the bay, you'll find small boats you can land with the exception of ic ticker tape parade.
which fire at your helicopter. the aircraft carrier. Graphically and play-wise, this is a
The game screen consists of an ae While flying around bombing ev great game and will provide hours of
rial view of all the action Included is a erything in sight, you meet a frustrat pleasure B
26 AUGUST .'SEPTEMBER'85
Home
Bookkeeper
Silent
Butle
YOU DON'T HAVE
TO BE RICH TO HAVE
A BUTLER
Now you can simply ring tor the
"butler" when it's time to take
care of your home bookkeeping • Changing Birthdays and
duties. Pay bills, reconcile your Anniversary Accounts
• Entering New Hills And when it conies to paying your
checkbook, keep [rack of payments
• Paying Current Kills bills, Silent Hullcr introduces the
and deposits—tliis "buiier" can
• Printing Checks Checkholder'" feature, A fabulous
do it all!
device [hat saves you money by
In addition to your everyday being able to print checks directly
Wiih Silent Butler, you receive a
accounting needs, there are also a onto your own personal checks.
personal-management system that
variety of tasks that need to be There's no need to buy specialized
will not only organize your
performed on a less frequent basis. printer checks!
financial records, but allow you to
Among these are:
do so in a matter of minutes.
• Reconciling Your Checkbook When you're in the market for a
The "butlers" daily routine With Your Bank Stalement home accounting software
includes: • Review Your Entire Savings package, go with the Sik'til
• Adjusting Savings or and Checking Account Butler. The one that never asks for
Checking Accounts • Tax Summary a raise or a day off!
COMMODORE^
DISKETTE BASED SOFTWARE
FOR YOUR COMMODORE 64
cnmE reuiews KKVIf-WEDBYTOM liKMOKK
The Argos THE HROOS EKPEDITIOTi
Expedition
Rh
[
in THE ERRLV VEHRS
©
DF IflTERSTELLRR
TRHMEL, ERRTH 'z
Computer: Commodore 64 tRRUE EXPLORERS
DISCOUERED THE
Publisher: CBS Software LE
REHRXnS OF Rn HLIEn
One Fawcett Place
CULTURE EOriS OLD HHO
Greenwich, CT 06836 IftCREDIBLY COUPLE!:.
Medium: Disk HUnfM PROGRESS LEHPT
Retail FOHHRPD HT Hft
Price: S34.95 RSTOniSHXriG HHTE
US THE SECRETS OF
HLXEn RRTIFRCTS HERE
Cm.rgos Expedition is an adventure
BROUGHT 6HCK FHOH
game for two to four players, ages ten ft." THE STRR5-
wmml
and older, that takes place in outer
space. The keyboard and joystick are
both used in the two-player games,
and the addition of paddles will ac
commodate third and fourth players
The game is socially interactive throughout the game to inform play
rather than competitive, since players ers of their status, play screens toggle
must function as a team and work Ifa player puts his between galactic maps, artifact
maps, and gauge displays, but graph
cooperatively to achieve success. De
veloped by the Children's Television
personal goals ahead of ic displays of such space hazards as
Workshop Software Group, this coop
erative team approach adds a whole
those of the overall meteors, gravity warps, and worm-
holes liven up the game considerably
new dimension to playing adventure mission, resounding The video and audio portions of the
games. game are also excellent
In Argos Expedition, a group of failure inevitably The cooperative elements of Argon
players "journey" into space on a Expedition are particularly relevant
mission of exploration and experi results, and nobody when decisions are to be made that
mentation. While hurtling through will affect the overall mission For ex
space, the players must function to wins. ample, when selecting a destination
gether as a team to travel, launch to explore, all players must activate
probes, negotiate hazards, and ulti dition is to probo the depths of the their control devices to finalize a deci
mately accomplish the mission. galaxies searching for the remnants of sion. For a four-player game, this
On a more personal level, each ancient alien civilization. While this is means the player at the keyboard
"crew member" maintains a distinct the main theme in all games, each must press the spacebar, the player
identity and has a private goal that adventure is randomly-created by the with the joystick must hit the action
only he'or she knows. Achieving computer within parameters selected button, and the remaining two play
these private goals rewards the play by the players These parameters in ers must depress the buttons on their
ers with credits, and the crew mem clude the size of the crew, the difficul paddles. No progress can be made in
ber with the most credits at the end of ty level of the mission, and its dura the game without collective agree
the mission is the winner. A deck of tion. Three difficulty levels are ment on destinations, objectives, and
personal-goal cards is also supplied available and include basic, interme strategies.
with the software, and these private diate, and expert missions. The game is highly entertaining
goals are determined by drawing Aigos Expedition is supplied on and has a strong element of continu
these cards. two disks. The first is the mission ing interest. More importantly, the
Often, the players will have to (program) disk, while the second is benefits of working toward a common
choose between actions that are best the artifact (variable data) disk. A goal are not only taught, but effective
for the group or for themselves. Fre comprehensive and well written 32- ly demonstrated. If a player puts his
quently, selfish actions will adversely page flight manual is supplied with personal goals ahead of those of the
affect the overall success of the mis the software, and it fully explains the overall mission, resounding failure in
sion. This unique play factor effec objectives, rules, play mechanics, and evitably results, and nobody wins
tively demonstrates the principles of other pertinent information, in addi Not only is the game fun. but it
cooperation for the common good and tion to giving the players some back teaches the value of group coopera
the benefits of responsible social be ground information. tion. To top it all off. it makes comput
havior. While the game is an adventure, it er gaming social. Who could ask for
The overall scenario of Argos Expe- is not of the text genre. Text is used more? H
2B AUGUST/SEPTEMBER'85
New 128 news
f you've ordered the new Best of all, you'll learn how the Get the book that's making
I Commodore 128™ or you're

thinking about it, Sams has
news for you! A new book: The
128 can work for you at the office
or at home. So whether you've
already ordered the 128 or are get
headlines. Get Sams Official Com
modore 128 book. Visit your local
Sams dealer. Or call our toll-free
first and only official guide to ting ready to, you'll find Sams Offi number and ask for Operator 202.
Commodore's exciting new cial Guide a wise investment. The Official Bookfor the Com
business computer. modore 128 Personal Computer,
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Commodore 128 and its three differ
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use spreadsheets, and word proc

essing, choose peripherals, create
SAMS
Howard W. Sams & Co.. Inc.
graphics and animation, run CP/M 4300 West 62nd Street
programs, and more. Indianapolis. IN 46268

REUIEUIS EiEVIEWKl) HV MAIfK L'OTOSK
Up 'n Down
players about some basic game-play
ing elements. In the Up 'n Down
In essence, this is not a instructions, for instance, you are left
Computer: Commodore 64 in the dark about the significance of
Publisher: Sega Enterprises race at all, but more of a the flag car. and there is never a men
1230 Ave of the tion of the scoring plateau. But don't
Americas
moving obstacle course let this steer you away. Up 'n Down is
New York. NY 10020 where a host of suicidal fast fun that requires precision and
Medium: Disk patience. The graphics are crisp, and
Retail motor machines will stop the accompanying music light, quick,
Price: $34.99
at nothing to meet you by and appropriate. Q
M ho object of Up 'n Down is to tra accident.

verse an array of highways and by
Driver's Ed
ways, avoiding road obstructions, to Safety Tips On Unfamiliar
delightful addition in the form of a flag
gather a series o( flags. Your vehicle is
Roads
a peppy two-door called a baja bug, a car. Planted in his rear bumper is a
souped up version of the old Volkswa- pole which flies one of the colored There is no substitute for experience.
gon, You don't actually steer this car; banners you need to acquire. Catch so if you want to learn the in's and
it stays between the guardrails with and crash him. and you gain that flag out's of Up 'n Down, play it a few
out guidance. But your joystick input This traffic assortment keeps the times and get a feel for the road.
is needed for three other driving game varied. Since each vehicles Then, after you're comfortable, check
skills: to make right/left intersection characteristics differ so and their out the hints listed below. They
choices, -shift to forward or reverse, or placement is randomized, you can should help increase your score, and
jump To jump, pivotal proficiency never anticipate what's coming cut down on those insurance claims.
must be mastered to vault your vehi around the corner, and fail-safe pat • If the position of the traffic before
cle skyward with a push of the con terns become impossible to devise. you is unfavorable, let the computer-
troller button. You can hop in place, The terrain is equally diversified, controlled vehicles move off-screen.
from point to point along a road, or putting you against a landscape of The program will not remember these
from one path to another In essence, fiendish design. Hills, valleys, groupings once they're out of sight.
this is not a race at all, but more of a bridges, intersections, dead ends, • Probably due to the design of air
moving obstacle course where a host and canyons have all been incorporat brakes, you can control your baja bug.
of suicidal motor machines will stop ed, keeping you off balance through to a limited degree, alter it is air
at nothing to meet, you by accident, out And your car responds to the borne. Use this feature to avoid dan
Your bouncing ability gives you a landscape. Try to ascend a steep in ger, or to make pinpoint landings on a
choice of two defenses. You can ei cline at low speeds, and your engine vehicle below.
ther avoid contact by sailing up and may not be able to sustain the mo • Although you can't jump while
over the congestion, or you can pick mentum, while on the downside, it your car is m reverse, you can move
up some extra points by timing your would bo wise to keep your brakes your car backwards after you jump.
descent and landing directly atop applied lest you go screaming full Just inch forward slowly, and pull
your opposition. But leap off the road, speed into disaster. back on the stick as you spring sky
or crash at ground level with any Each player starts with five cars, ward.
automotive antagonist, and you lose a and receives a bonus auto a: 10,000 • Although the opposing vehicle
car. and every 20,000 thereafter. There are position is randomized, the flag place
The roadways scroll from top to three levels of difficulty, with sight ment isn't. Everytime you play a par
bottom, revealing strings of blacktop rounds in each. ticular round, the flags will be in the
zig-zag To make matters worse, all After you complete a round, a dis same position.
tracks are single lane, so it is impera play will register how fast you fin • Since the Bonus Chart doesn't
tive that you constantly keep alert for ished. If your elapsed time is under 69 seem relevant in its current format,
the many faces of danger. They'll seconds, you receive bonus points don't be concerned about beating the
come in the form of slow moving pick depending upon your quickness. But clock You can gain more points by
ups and lethargic granny cars; virtual a problem arises here concerning the taking the time to smash a few more
road blocks that create havoc by driv grading system. Moving at full throt vehicles.
ing at inconsistent velocities. Then, tle, undetained by any obstruction, I • From the fifth level on, whenever
after you master the art of downshift have yet to clock any. time below 57 you pass a pole of a banner you have
ing, the more aggressive breed is re seconds. But there are still three divi already snatched, the flag will reap
leased. Tanks, wedge cars, and toast sions of time and awards that start at pear, and you will lose credit To
ers move at high speeds in attempts 49 seconds. These levels seem unob avoid this additional headache, sim
to squash your Beetle. tainable. ply jump any post flying a white
As you enter round three, there; is a Sega also fails to inform first-time flag Q
"B/GRAPH
is extremely easy to
use, has an excellent
reference manual,
and represents an
outstanding value
—Creative Computing Magazine
Graphs are aids to under

standing. What may seem
unclear and complicated when
presented in the form of a
bunch of numbers and text,
suddenly lakes on an easily
readable structure when
presented in the form of a graph.
With B/GRAPH, you can make this transformation from

unruly to readable using an assortment of graphs and charts.
There's Line Graphs when simplicity is a must. Bar Graphs when
visual impact is needed. And Pie Charts when you want to step back
and identify the various percentages of an overall picture.
To help you analyze the cause and effect relationships of your data, B/GRAPH
also includes a short course in data analysis and statistics. Become acquainted with
Chi-Squared, Value Interpolation, Regression, Variance and much, much more.
And it's all so easy to learn. With a number of comprehensive tutorials designed to educate individuals
with no prior experience or expertise, business people, educators and students will find themselves
using B/GRAPH to design a variety of professional looking applications.
Make sure your information gets the attention it deserves. Explain it with graphs and charts. Because
a picture is worth a thousand words.
COMMODORES
DISKETTE BASED SOFTWARE FOR YOUR COMMODORE 64
ue in the Universe.
Loadstar is like no other disk-based magazine on the market.
Loadstar is a two-sided diskette jam packed with ready-to-run
unprotected programs for your Commodore-64.
Loadstar is published monthly. One month features the C-64
programs from Commodore Microcomputers and the next month
features the C-64 programs from Power Play. What's more, every
issue of Loadscar contains feature articles and programs which are not
contained in either magazine.
Loadstar will make your favorite magazines even better. Having
the program listings already on disk is a real finger saver.
Loadstar is not just programs on a disk, it is an information
network that invites you to take part in the action. Try an issue.
If it doesn't meet your expectations, no matter what they are, return
the disk and we'll give you your money back!
to order by tnul S 9.95 for ihe current LOADSTAR diik companion to Power Ploy
send 10: % 9.95 for the current LOADSTAR duk companion to Commodore
E LOADSTAR Micro compilers
Z S39.95 for the next 6 issues of LOADSTAR

I P.O. BOX 30007 S69.95 for the next 12 issues of LOADSTAR
■ Shrevepori, LA
[71130-0007
VISA.HC numbs r
FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT CALL TOLL-FREE:
1(800)831-2694
8-5 CENTRAL TIME The disk Co LW it,
commodore
Cifde Reader Service No. 27

reuieujs REV1EWI-I) HV C;OK!)O\ B, OWENS
Jury Trial D questions like,

guilty?"
"Is the
you'll usually get a smart-
suspect
alec answer. When the sheriff doesn't

Publisher: Navic Software
A crime has been understand a question, he'll answer it
senselessly or tell you that deputy
Box 14727 committed. The facts Fuzz misplaced the report.
North Palm Beach. FL After your interview with the sher
33408 are in, the jury has iff, you go onto one of tho most impor
Medium: Disk tant parts of the trial: jury selection
Retail been selected, and the This is important because your whole
Price: $49.00
trial is about to begin. case can hinge on how well you do in
this part of the game.
How many times have you Its yourjob to bring The game provides you with a total
of 12 prospective jurors, ranging from
watched the People's Court and
thought, wouldn't it be nice to. for justice to this ordinary citizens to some of the most
just once, be a defending or prosecut outrageous characters you can imag
ing attorney? Now at last, for all of you courtroom. ine The jurors fit into three possible
armchair lawyers, is the game you've categories. First, there are those who
been waiting for. Navic Software's lean toward either the prosecution or
new courtroom strategy game Jury sheriff to gather information about the the defense. Second, those who are
Trial II gives you Commodore 64 own suspect. The attorneys take turns basically impartial, and third, the few
ers a chance to show what you're questioning the sheriff. You don't al jurors who are totally random, These
made of as you take part in a court ways get the opportunity to finish are the ones who tend to jump back
room trial. with the sheriff, because you can only and forth between innocent and
In this multi-player game, you dor.'t ask so many questions before the guilty verdicts.
play against any dull-witted comput sheriff has to go back on duty. When you are selecting jurors, the
er, but rather you play against real With this in mind, you need to computer gives a general background
flesh and blood, totally unpredictable make the most of the questions you on each person. In the program man
human beings, with Che computer do ask When questioning the sheriff, ual, there is also an extensive dossier
acting as judge, jury and executioner. it's best if you keep your questions on each prospective juror. I recom
As Jury Trial II begins, the comput short—no longer than one and a half mend that you study this carefully be
er asks the number of players, be lines of text since- he ignores anything cause this information can have a di
tween two and six. The computer over that, anyway. The type of ques rect bearing on whom you select and
then makes random player assign tions that get the best response are whom you reject.
ments based on the number of play specific questions dealing with Injury selection, both attorneys are
ers, with the exception of the two- things such as the suspect's clothes, allowed three challenges. (This refers
player game, when player one is car, and weapon. I've found that it's to the number of times you can reject
always the defense attorney and play not necessary to ask long questions. a prospective juror.) After you have
er two is always the prosecuting at- For example, "What kind of car was used all of your challenges, the oppos
tomey he driving'" can be shortened to ing attorney can select the rest of the
The computer then brings various "car," or a question about the su jury without any further interference
court dockets up so the prosecutor spect's clothes can be shortened to from you. If both attorneys use all
can choose a case. After the case se just "clothes." their challenges before the six-mem
lection, both attorneys meet with the ff you try asking the sheriff general ber jury selection is complete, the
THE SHERIFF ESMIREtDA EUGAHK 01. DOIFMlMN R.V. WILLSANGES SO0HET DORK CONNIE POKERS ARCHIHAID HSCHSB
A HMD 0 TrpuUlp OUIEF Icqcjl NiHrouuonif A CirKPi wsmjn s worifl ifrip it a' if me a
POWERPLAY 33
CnmE REUIELU5
computer finishes jury selection. with the sheriff, the trial, and the ver
It's now time for the trial to begin. dict. As I mentioned earlier, the man
Each witness is called for five direct ual also contains extensive informa
questions and five questions of cross
examination by the opposing attor
The game provides tion about the prospective jurors. But,
although the manual does tell you
ney. When a question appears at the you with a total of how to go about prosecuting the de
top of the screen, the opposing attor fendant, it gives very little informa
ney may object to the question by 12 prospective jurors, tion on how to defend him. This omis
pressing the spacebar. Also, if a wit sion makes it difficult at times if you
ness gives answers that go contrary ranging from ordinary are the defense attorney.
to the sheriff's allegations, he or she
citizens to some of the
Other than that, 1 found the manual
will be cited for perjury and contempt to be well written and the drawings of
of court.
At times, the witness will be asked
most outrageous the jurors quite comical, The manual
also states that no notes may be taken
to give a sworn affidavit in lieu of characters you can at anytime during the game. While I
certain questions When you are en can understand the reasoning, 1 found
tering an affidavit, the INST/DEL key imagine. the game to be more enjoyable if you
won't work, so you can't change the do take notes, but use them only to
information once you've entered it. plan strategy with your witnesses,
As a result, you need to have what and then put them away when the
you want to say already in mind. the evidence and reach a verdict. trial begins.
The court looks at this affidavit in If the jury only lacks one for the In playing Jury Trial II. 1 found some
one of three ways. It can be thrown unanimous verdict, then the other ju minor problems. First, when you are
out as inadmissable. or it can score a rors may convince the stubborn hol entering information for an affidavit,
point fot either the prosecution or the dout to change his or her vote. How the program will stop printing what
defense. It's up to you to figure out ever, if there is more than one you are typing to the screen and then
how to use the affidavit in your favor holdout, there will be a hung jury and will suddenly print it out all at once.
When the computer directs the wit the case will have to be tried again. If Also, when entering an affidavit, you
ness to enter an affidavit, neither at the ]ury finds the defendant innocent, have no cursor on the screen so you
torney can turn it aside or object to it. the defendant is free to go. If the de are not aware of where your next line
After all of the witnesses have been fendant is found guilty, the case can of text will appear
heard, the defendant takes the stand. be appealed and retried. The advertisement bills Jury Trial II
To question the defendant, both at While Jury Trial II is not intended to as a game for two or more players,
torneys must formulate their own be a graphics game, it does have However, I've found that the two-
questions. The questions must be no some interesting touches at the end player game does not play as well as
longer than one and a half lines of of the game. If the defendant is found the multi-player game. In fact, I would
text. During this part of the trial, no innocent, the courtroom doors ap have to say that Jury Trial IT is a game
objections are permitted The pros pear, open, and a little stick man is that is best played with no less than
ecution's questions should be de seen waving goodbye. However, if four people.
signed to get a confession from the the defendant is found guilty, a jail Despite these minor problems. I
defendant. Questions like, "Are you cell door appears and slowly closes. think Jury Trial II can be enjoyed by
guilty?" will only cause the defendant Jury Trial II comes with its own anyone who has ever wanted to expe
to "take the fifth." After both attor book-like storage case and a ten-page rience the thrill of courtroom drama
neys are finished questioning the de instruction manual that covers game firsthand without ever going to law
fendant, the jury retires to consider objectives, initiating play, dealing school. Q
J.I -,-.'■,-I'.-IT IRUIIIS !!HE etUIil HAHGG

CD Ftr TIB tola
sntff ttimttf More TouDie
WHAT IS THIS GIRL DOING?
THE GIRL
TH AX PAS G03 ER2 LL PAS IH SS

29 15 04 2A 52 45 04 12 55
FEEDING
PAS FF IV PA3 BH2 IH NG PAS EE1

04 40 19 02 33 12 AA 04 26
BREAD TO
W\ EH Eh PA1 0Q1 PAS TT2 UW2

14 07 07 00 21 04 13 31
A DUCK
PAS EY 20
PAS04
DQ2 AA KK2 PAS 04
33 A]
You lmji Haw have your computer speak to you ... with the inevitable
"Kilijbjittil Monster." This remarkable breokUtfOUgb In OlfflnQflrlDfl is nnw
tH'iiij; offered to Ihe general puulu' liy Compute!, ukd is mude jxissihlp ut si
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huw computers apeak, whnt &[>eech synlhvsis is. nnd th*- busies behind
phonemic*. It's a fcreal educational tuul fur the individual and for ttio
instLtuliun alike!
The Kilobaud Monster is a revolutionary itfm fur thr ImliliyUt, betauie
now you can have many new raBoarcee avaJUtils ftir experimentation. So
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limited tu K"vernmenial research projects. You can maka your computer
spuak with little effort, a lot easier than you tliink!
The t[imlity of speech pronunciation hi excellent. Anything imjipin;ible
nmy lie Himkeii, from scientific thru Hung words—we Indudo detlilad
Iniuuctlont ihowlng you axaetiy how to do iliis. You can now hava nil
YOUR COMPUTER WILL
the siiti^fiu'tiun of dotns I)] is yourself, nt a fractiun of the <'osl, arui iLiivintf
sonietliiTi^ iLenlly useful to show for your efforts I „
Devout
TELL YOU! DON'T THEY
sue Puts
KILOB/
ALL NOW "SPEAK" . . .
• Able to work with any computer!
Complete instructions included!
User-programmable vocabulary
of virtually unlimited size!
• Program it to say
anything you want!
'regular price' • Guaranteed to

Introductory package Includes everything you need to gel started! hold your interest
* SAVE—Compute/ members only $ 7.95. and delight for hours!
The Kilobaud Mounter is the basis of e series of project* lliiit can miikr
your computer Ulk, and is necessary [or later projects. The Kilobaud YES, I'm interested in making my computer
Monster will set you up with everything you need to know in order to talk. Please send me the following items:
attach it to your computer and enable it to spe;ik wurds. All additional
Information is included with this beginner's p&cka£& Tlie built-in editor
in the? Wordmukcr enables you to easily "fine tune" every word you create n INTRODUCTORY PACKAGE $ 9.95
to tnuhi' it Hound exactly as you wish. Or you can set up a "word bank"
with the Meflsn£0 Tattler that includes all Ihe ]ihraLs<\Ls und RtateniGntS [1 WORDMAKER S19.95
thai you'll ever nei'rl! The Artificial Intelligence BGCflflorf ^vill permit U MESSAGE TALKER $ 14.95
your computer to produce totally randoiQ ftenuncfil, following nil the rules
of eoiTcct grammar within a pre-defined vocabulary-set, all iliiy long!
L ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE S 24.95
If yem're new to the computer field, or if you're on old-time "hacker."
you'll \\'nnt to subscribe to our publication "C'ompule!." which covers DCOMPLETE COLLECTION SET S59.50
everything that VOL' want to see! EtKOtnpSMing Ulo subjects of Com-
IhiUts. ICIectroiiifa. and Tclefommunications. this pablleatton (rives you __:One year subscription to Computel,
a "new meaning" of the free enterprise system and the monopoly of
vxiatmjf organisations. You'll need to become part of this [nteraAtEObd] plus four Kilobaud Monster items... $65.50
hobbyist lihenomenun really soon. SAVK S^.OU on KACIl [TEM you buy PLEASE ADD SZQO SHIPPING A HANDLING TO YOUR DRDEP
if you subscribe to Compute! now! Au I this is !N ADDITION1 to the CREDIT EXP.
total packiiKc price fur the Complete KILOBAUD MONSTER Collection— CARD DATE
you'll SAYK O\*I-~I1 Sltf, Healer and i!itucatinna1 institution inquiries
invited. Circle our Header Service Number fur additional in formation.
You may order these products from us by sending a check, money orrl»r. NAME.
posluKO or cash in I.'.S. negotiable fund* only, to the address Indicated
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include £2.00 shipping and handling on all orders. California residents
CITY ,STATE. ZIP.
please add sales tax. Allow three weeks for delivery. Add $!i 00 for
next-day shipment by U.P.S.; S1.">-00 for next-day iMiwii by U.S.V.S. Your Computer
We Kiiaranteo your satisfaction for 90 days with our products, pmrl offer
SEND ALL PAYMENT IN U S fUNES DRAWN ON U S BANKS • 5OF1HY, ND COD S
a money-back guarantee if not fully satisfied during that period.
Make checks payable to: COMPUTEL PUBLISHING SOCIETY
COMPUTEL PUBLISHING SOCIETY
63^4 VAN NUYS BLVU SUITE 16 W VftN NUVS. CA 'lUOI.JtjBfc Post Office Drawer 7765 / VAN NUYS, CA 91409-7765

Ceopolitique * T^ 1
1990
Publisher: Strategic Simulations
883 Stierlin Road
Mountain View. CA
94043
Medium: Disk
Retail
Price: S39.95
M.t is almost impossible today to pick

up a newspaper or turn on the news
without seeing an analysis or criti
cism of our foreign policy. For thB
armchair expert who feels he could do
better, Geopolitique 1990 provides
that opportunity, propelling the player
from the comfort of the armchair into
the president's seat in the Ova! Of
US UICTORV PT5 18 SOUIET UICTORV PTS 9
PRESS <CRETURN> TO CONTINUE' I
fice.
Geopolitique 1990 is a game of eco
nomics, politics, and warfare be create new units and industrial points
tween the two superpowers, the Unit add to the U.S. industrial capacity. 01
ed States and the Soviet Union. This The game can only be greatest importance, however, are
struggle for global supremacy is the political action points (PAP)
waged across a stylized world map
played solitaire; the human which are used to gain the right to
arranged into 19 land areas and 13 controls the United States. negotiate with the minor countries,
ocean areas. The 19 land areas (ex The third phase involves the place
cept for the U.S. and U.S.S.R.) repre ment of task forces in any ocean area.
sent individual or groups of minor odically, new Soviet leaders will be Each task force is composed of three
countries of vital interest to the appointed to the Politburo, replacing military units and these are used to
Americans and Soviets. The game those who have fallen from grace. influence and intimidate minor coun
can only be played solitaire; the hu Usually, it is possible to detect gener tries. In real-life terms, this would be
man player controls the United States al trends in U.S.S.R. actions, and the equivalent to the U.S. dispatching the
and the computer dictates the Soviet composition of the Politburo can Sixth Fleet to the Red Sea during a
Union. serve as an important indicator when Middle East crisis to act as both a
At the beginning of Geopolitique you are formulating your strategy. deterrent and a show of arms.
1990, you must first prioritize three Each turn of Geopolitique 1990 During the fourth phase, the U.S.
national objectives—gross national consists of six phases. The first phase player places PAP's in minor coun
product, prestige, and national secu is purely informational, providing an tries where he or she wants to con
rity. The computer does the same for update on the U.S. and U.S.S.R. This duct negotiations. A maximum of two
the U.S.S.R, although this information phase also presents the status of mi can be placed in any particular minor
remains secret, and you will only be nor countries—either unaligned. pro- country, and U.S. and Soviet PAP's
informed of it when 90% of the Soviet U.S./U.S.S.R., or very pro-U.S./ cancel each other out on a one-for-
goal in a given category has been U.S.S.R.,—as well as all agreements one basis. For instance, if the U.S.
reached. either superpower has with any minor placed two PAP's and the U.S.S.R.
The computer also assigns three country Additionally, you can declare placed one in Central America, the
leaders from a pool of 15 to the Soviet war at this time, or the computer can net result would be one remaining
Politburo (roughly equivalent to the choose to declare war for the Soviets. American PAP, thereby allowing the
United States President and Cabinet). in the economics decision phase, U.S. to negotiate with Central Amer
The player reference card includes a you allocate the U.S. economy for the ica in the following phase.
brief "dossier" on each leader, outlin production of four types of goods The last two phases, the U.S. and
ing his negotiating ability and eco Military maintenance points permit Soviet minor negotiation phases, are
nomic orientation. These attributes existing military units to continue to the most critical segments of the
determine the Soviet's strategy. Peri- operate, military mobilization points Continuedon pg, 38
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game. With each minor country in Of course, like the real world, war
which a PAP was previously placed,
the owning superpower can seek to
Geopolitique 1990 between the superpowers remains an
ever-present possibility. You can de
arrange an economic, political, mili
tary, or neutrality agreement. Each
propels the player from clare war at the beginning of any
turn The likelihood of the U.S.S.R.
type of agreement carries with it cer the comfort of the starting a war depends on the world
tain benefits. Economic agreements tension level. Certain actions, such as
give that superpower access to the armchair into the fighting a limited war or demobilizing
raw materials and industry of the mi military units, can raise or lower the
nor country, military agreements president's seat in the world tension level, which varies be
boost national security, political
agreements provide a prestige bonus,
Oval Office. tween I (war extremely doubtful) to IV
{war seen as inevitable).
and neutrality agteoments cancel all Should war break out. it is fought
existing agreements of either side These events, such as the overthrow solely with conventional weapons
with that minor country. Reaching of a minor country's government or represented by armies, fleets and air-
any sort of agreement also results in a the downing of a U.S. spy plane over points. Political and economic goals
prestige gain while unsuccessful ne the Soviet Union, can affect a super take a back seat and victory revolves
gotiations cause a drop. power's prestige, the attitude of mi around captuiing land areas worth a
When conducting a negotiation, nor countries and the possibility of total of 60 points, although a success
the U.S. playor must select the degree war, ful attack on the U.S. mainland results
of pressure to exert on the minor, Also, at the end of every turn, you in an automatic U.S.S.R. win.
ranging from a peaceful request all have the option to put any world cri This part of the program, which is
the way up to a military threat The sis on hold and save the game on a called Geo-War. does a very nice iob
minor's reply will depend on a variety formatted disk. However, this feature of simulating warfare on a global
of factors, such as the U.SVU.S.S.R. suffers from one annoying flaw: When scale. You face the problems of hav
prestige levels relative to each other, a game is saved, the results of the last ing to transport units across groat dis
and the presence of task forces in ad played turn, in terms of changes in tances to support far-flung combat
jacent ocean areas. The response can gross national product, prestige, and theaters while the U.S.S.R. possesses
vary from outright acceptance to national security levels will not be the distinct advantage of interior lines
complete rejection or something in known since this information is avail of communication. (For instance,
between the two. able only at the start of a turn. It is starting from the U.S.S.R., a Soviet
In event of the latter, another round even possible to save a game that army can roach almost any point in
of negotiations must be conducted, has, in fact, already been won or lost. Europe. Africa or Asia by land within
with the limiting stipulation that the Playing Geopolitique 1990 is fun. two moves.) Air power also plays a
same or higher degree of pressure absorbing, and, above all, challeng decisive role in the struggle, not only
must be exerted. In other words, the ing. Not surprisingly, the key to win for the purposes of winning battles
U.S. cannot back down from a strong ning the game hinges on one's ability but also for ensuring that reinforce
demand to a strong request. Prestige to negotiate. As in the world today, ments reach their intended destina
gains; or losses depend on the level of the United States cannot allow itself tion.
negotiations—at levels where high to become isolated. In game terms, My only complaint with Geo-War is
degrees of pressure are being exert this translates into successfully con that it is simply not as much fun as
ed, a correspondingly greater amount cluding agreements with minor coun the political part of Geopolitique 1990.
of prestige is at stake The U.S.S.R. tries so as to fulfill the U.S. objectives Turns generally proceed at a slower
may also gain or lose prestige during set at the beginning of the game. pace and the computer seems to
U.S. negotiations depending on The art of negotiation in Geopoliti present an endless series of screen
whether or not the minor country in que 1990, however, can be a difficult updates. Thankfully, the game penal
volved represents an area of interest skill to master. Inexperienced players izes tho superpower that initiates the
to the other superpower. will more likely than not find them hostilities. The aggressor has fewer
Finally, if negotiations are unsuc selves frustrated in their attempts to minor country allies as a result of neg
cessful, you may launch a limited war reach a desired agreement with the ative world opinion, and this tends to
and attempt to secure by force what often fickle minor countries In addi make starting World War III a less at
could not be attained by more peace tion, as minors are far less inclined to tractive option for either superpower,
ful methods. After all of the U.S. nego submit to any demand from a super except as a last resort.
tiations are completed, the computer power with a lower prestige level than Geopolitique 1990 can be played at
then reports the results of the Soviet its rival, the losses in prestige due to four different skill levels and also con
negotiations. failed negotiations will hinder all tains seven scenarios. Each scenario
Apart from the normal routine, at subsequent negotiating attempts. postulates a certain initial world situ
irregular intervals random events Thus, several unsuccessful rounds at ation, such as an isolated United
flash across the bottom of the com the bargaining table can trap the States confronting pro-Soviet regimes
puter screen AP news-style, possibly player in a downward spiral that is in Latin and North America. All of the
upsetting the current status quo. difficult or impossible to reverse. Continued on pg, 126
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cnmE beuieuis
Pitfall Don t blame Activision

ifyou get suspended from
Publisher: Activision school or lose yourjob
2350 Bayshore
Frontage Rd. due to all-nighters spent
Mountain View, CA
guesting for fabulous
94043 see a lot of now things. It just won't
Medium: Disk fortunes and adventure. happen. In reality that's good news,
Retail though, for Pitfall II symbolizes a way
Price: $29.95 of life: footloose, fancy free, living in
the fast lane. That kind of existence
if you're a gamer who's never doesn't need much improvement.
guided Pitfall Harry, you'll thrill at the If 20 minutes on the game clock
excitement, challenge, and diversity gives you some idea the heat's on,
in this award-winning action adven right you are. Gamers use a joystick
ture game. Those already familiar to guide the amiable explorer through
with it will still get a kick (and possi screen after screen of crocodile-in-
bly a bite or two) from this horde-the- fested, snake-bound. scorpion-Ut
treasures and avoid-the-hazards free- tered jungle. Underground passages
for-all. contain their own drawbacks, includ
The Commodore 64 rendition re ing (inexplicably) brick walls which
tains most of the original's visual ef logical line from machine to machine. deter further travel.
fects, though they've been tightened This commonality ensures that Pitfall Back to the upper crust and a gag
up, shaken down, and otherwise re U will reward players with precisely gle of sturdy vines it is then. Swing
fined. Activision keeps its conver the same action and adventure no ing from tendril to tendril, players risk
sions similar in looks, play action, and matter what "theater" it's in. their necks with ill-timed leaps lead
audio antics as they cross the techno- With that in mind, don't expect to ing to fatal falls. Pick up gold bars and
Beamrider Space jockeys really have

Computer: Commodore 64 to be on their toes to free
Publisher: Activision.
23SjO Bayshore the Big Blue Marble from
Frontage Rd.
evil tyranny.
Mountain View, CA
94043
Medium: Disk spot amidst the items flashing by at
Retail near warp speeds. The closer any
Price: $29.95 thing gets, the faster it goes. The real jects, though iast hands and keen
ism is outstanding. eyes are by far the best long-term de
r this space blast-a-thon, you are Players depress the fire button to fenses.
launched in an unprotected light ship dispatch laser lariats capable of de The first few rounds are nothing
from the bowels of a space station to stroying most, but not all, of the en more than an appetizer before the
do battle amongst the woof and warp emy arsenal, Space rocks, for in main course. This slow build-up is
of a 99-sector grid encircling Mother stance, are impervious to the meant to prepare you for the coming
Earth and travel horizontally along a futuristic firepower Replacement onslaught. Every second round, up to
blue beam located at the lower edge craft whisk down the rotating beams, and including the fourteenth, sees the
of the video screen. Fifteen enemy too, Docking with them earns extra addition of a new type of threat.
spacecraft per level, assorted piles of lives and better bonuses. Blacker ships, tracking vessels, space
debris and miscellaneous alien obsta Pushing the joystick forward while junk, and bouncing beam hoppers are
cles blaze down the simulated three- the action button's activated lets just several of the many terrors you'll
dimensional net trying to send you loose up to three torpedoes. These encounter in the vast wasteland high
nowhere fast. electromechanical marvels, used pri above the earth. Space jockeys really
Not only do these objects play colli marily foi knocking out end-of-round have to be on their toes to free the Big
sion courses, they shoot back. Red Sector Sentinels, are good against Blue Marble from the evil tyranny
energy squares (launched by the sau anything In a bind, they'll clear a which has enveloped it.
cers) can be particularly difficult to path through normally invincible ob Though the audio effects are mini-
REVIEWED ISYTK1) SALAMONI!
cnmE reuieujs REVIEWED HY TOM JJKNKOR1)
sacks full of cash while winding your

way around deadly campfires and
time-robbing roiling logs. Waltz
Tournament
across dost;-mouthed crocodiles (be
quick about it though), leap disap Tennis
pearing pits and ponds, jump, duck
and dodge other obstacles in this Computer: Commodore 64
high-resolution, multi-colored chal Publisher: Imagic
lenge. 2400 Bayshore
Timing is of the utmost importance Frontage Rd.
In mastering this game. All activities Mountain View. CA
require the split-second precision ac 94043
quired after repeated play. This isn't Medium: Disk mined by the motion of the joystick:
much of a problem, since you'll be Retail up or down calls a fast serve, while
addicted to it so fast, the hours will fly Price: S34.95 the central position issues a normal
by like swallows returning to Capis-
serve. The player's position, coupled
trano. Also, don't blame Activision (or
An Tournament Tennis, you may with the type of serve, determines the
me) if you get suspended from school
choose a one-player, two-player, or bounce spot on the opponent's court,
or lose your job due to all-nighters
demonstration game. In demo mode, You'll be surprised at how good a
spent questing for fabulous fortunes
the 64 plays itself and puts on a player you can be by practicing a bit
and high adventure.
match that illustrates the program's During play, the computer keeps
Pitfall U's sound effects are less
capabilities. In a one-player game, tally of the score automatically, so you
than state of the art for the 64. All the
you volley and counter against the can concentrate on the game itself
marbles have been put into the re
computer, while two-player mode in You're given the opportunity to enter
markably lifelike animation and play
vokes head-to-head action with an your name as well as that of the oppo
mechanics, a choice one can hardly
other live player. A word to the wise nent (human or computer) at the be
find fault with.
is in order here: The 64 is a devastat ginning of the match At the end of
Overall, Pitfall U for the 64 provides
ing opponent and uses every cut the match, the level and number of
a world of excitement and hours of
throat tactic to win the match. Keep players is displayed. (This gives you a
gaming entertainment. EJ
that in mind when in a one-player good chance to applaud or groan).
game and never underestimate your What especially makes Tourna
mal. being limited to warnings and computer. ment Tennis so good is its attention
explosions, they are vibrant and high When you play against the comput to detail. The game has virtually all of
ly resonant. Lingering, they vibrate er, choose from three levels: novice, the elements of real court-side action:
like sound waves from a low-pitched amateur and pro. In the novice level, serves, forehand and backhand shots,
tuning fork, The utter destruction of a the computer opponent is a passive lobs, volleys, balls in or out, defensive
saucer sounds as if it came from a player, returning the ball in your di or offensive play, tie-breakers—every
Star Wars flick. rection each time. This is a great level thing but sweat and the roar of the
Graphically speaking, this game is to start with, because it gives you a crowd.
an improvement over all the other ver good chance to acclimate yourself to The on-screen surrogate players
sions. Major changes can be seen in the play mechanics, In the amateur ate color coded: Player one is dressed
the style and substance of the ad level, the 64 plays an intermediate in a cyan top, while player two is
vanced nuisances as well as the Sec game. Pro level pulls out all the stops outfitted m dark blue. I found this to
tor Sentinel itself. Enhanced use of and the play action is fast and furious: be a great aid in keeping track of
color and attention to bit-mapped de the computer plays its best game at where "i" was, since the players
tail make it visually one of the best this level. change court sides during the match.
computer games ever derived from a The color, graphics, and play-ac I found head-to-head competition
dedicated videogame. tion are all superb, but the animation against another live player to be the
Since the play's the thing (just ask is the best. The movements of the most satisfying, since the computer is
any angler), let's examine vessel/joys players are so lifelike that it's hard to so consistently good. In such "live"
tick control. The light ship glides believe that you're watching bits of games, the play action becomes furi
back and forth spewing death and de binary code lobbing and serving, The ous after both players have gotten the
struction at the twist of the stick and sound effects are par excellence, and hang of the control mechanics, and 1
the touch of a button. Movement is Imagic has paid groat attention to de can envision a day in the near future
fluid, unlimited: fast action firepower tail They've even included a ball when we'll be having an electronic
is yours for the asking. jockey to run out onto the courts and Wimbledon at my homo
Fortunately, there are no problems: pick up any netted balls. If you're into tennis and really ap
bit, small, or otherwise. Activision's The joystick controls the move preciate a great computer sports sim
Beamnder for the 64 offers hair-rais ments of the players, while the fire ulation, get a copy of Tournament
ing excitement and non-stop action. button activates the racquet and Tennis from Imagic—excuse the pun,
Get with it, get on the beam! H player's swing. The swing is deter but you'll love it, Q
POWERPLAY 41
cnme reuieujs KEMKWKDBVARMK KATZ
Breakdance schoolhouse window which corre

sponds to each properly identified
Computer: Commodore 64 Take a spin at step.

solve
The gamer must completely
the routine through such re
Publisher: Epyx
1043 Kiel Court
breakdancing without peated trials before the flag descends
the pole on the right edge of the play-
Medium:
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Disk
risking life and limb. field.
The Perfection Dance Puzzle ends
Retail
when the flag has fallen to the bottom
Price: Not available of the pole four times. Until that hap
pens, the player gains a point for ev
M.s Chare hope for the clumsy, slow, ery properly selected pose and loses a
and un-athletic in a world dominated point for every mistake.
by Michael Jackson' Designer Ste A stellar attraction is the construct-
phen Beck now provides a way. a-breakdance kit. When the disk
through his latest release Break- loads, the screen shows the stage of
dance, for you to lake a spin at break- the citywide Breakdance Festival.
dancing without risking life and limb. The menu replaces the dance screen
Breakdance is composed of three when the joystick is pushed to the left
action-strategy contests and an en or right while the action button is de
tertainment program. The trio of pressed. Hit RETURN or select "Go
games can be played singly or in a Dance" on the menu screen to return
rotation called the "Grand Loop." The to the stage for a performance.
entcitainment section makes it possi The choreographer enters a break
ble to choreograph a dance routine dance step by moving the joystick for
containing over 250 individual ward or backward to highlight the de
"steps" and view an animated play sired step and then hitting the action
back. button, The number of the move ap
In the first game, the player has just pears in the workspace located on the
moved into town and must demon lower half of the display. An animated
strate his best breakdance moves to drawing of a dancer performs the step
the king of the local bad boys. Hot as an added visual check. It is easy to
Feet. Before the competition, the change a previously entered step
gamer can practice the five basic screen dancer directly in front of one with the joystick. To store a dance for
breakdancing moves: bop left (push of the Rocket Crew members. Using later replay, select "Save" on the
the joystick left), bop right (push the the same input system as in the Hot menu screen. Up to 16 routines can
stick right), point (push the joystick Feet scenario, the gainer tries to copy be kept right on the program disk.
forward), squat (pull the stick back) the routine. At first, there are only Once you've completed your cre
and spin (hit the action button). two dancers in a line, then three, and ation, it's time to return to the stage
When the practice session is fin finally four. All the dancers in each of for the show. Five songs, lettered "A"
ished, the Fl key brings the blue-suit the early rows perform the same rou to "E," can be selected with the key
ed Hot Feet into action. He executes tine, but each breaker in the later board. The joystick can change the
one of five moves and challenges the lines has his own set of steps. speed of the dancer's movements to
upstart to duplicate it. If the move is The player earns one point for each coincide with the music or move the
copied successfully, Hot Feet repeats Rocket Crew dancer eliminated. The performer around the stage.
it and adds another step. This "Simon game ends when the player defeats The animation and music are both
Says" continues until the player the whole Crew, or when the dancing exceptional. The only flaw in the
misses. Four misses ends the game. army pushes our hero into the water graphics is that it isn't always easy to
The second event pits the player's four times tell whether the on-screen breaker is
fragile breakdancing reputation Boogaloo Brewster. king of the in the "bop left" or "bop right" pose.
against the Rocket Crew. Rows of breakdancers, is the opponent in the This problem disappears of its own
dancers bop down the street directly Perfection Dance Puzzle, the third accord once you become reasonably
toward the ,pier in the foreground contest The program generates a familiar with Breakdance.
The human-directed breaker must four-, six-, or eight-step routine which None of this program's four major
duplicate the sequence of steps be Brewster performs in the schoolyard sections, with tho possible exception
fore the Rocket Crew's front line at the bottom of the screen, The of the create-a-dance option, could
pushes him into the drink. gamer must analyze this routine and carry a whole disk by itself. Put them
When the first wave struts down determine the correct order of the all together, however, and you've got
the street, the player moves the joy poses shown on the selection screen. an excellent title. So put on those
stick left or right to position the on- A "boom box" radio appears in the dancin' shoes and start breaking1 Q
42 AUGUST'SEPTEMBER '85
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C0I11PUTER WIZARD BY LOUIS F. SANDER
All About the MPS-801 and

vices to the computer. The first cable
runs from the computer's serial-bus
connector to one connector on a pe
VIC 1525 Printers ripheral. The second cable runs from

that peripheral's second connector to
a connector on another peripheral.
The third cable runs onward from that
Computer Wizard regularly presents elementary topics of peripheral's second connector, and so
interest to Commodore computerists. ft emphasizes the on to the end. A few devices, for ex
ample the 1520 plotter, have only one
needs ofbeginners, but is ofuse to advanced computerists as
serial-bus connector, so they must be
well. The column is written to be easily understood by all, placed last in the chain
and to be of lasting value to its readers. Ifyou have Occasionally, commercial software
refuses to work if more than one de
comments or suggestions for Computer Wizard, please write vice is connected to the bus. For that
to Ij)uis F. Sander, in care of this magazine. reason, many people make their disk
drive the first device in the chain,
allowing easy disconnection of the
JL heir low cost, attractive appear derstanding your printer, or any piece rest of the chain when needed. But for
ance, and total Commodore compati of hardware, is to familiarize yourself most purposes, it doesn't matter
bility make the MPS-801 and VIC with its manual. Don't be surprised if which device is at what position in
1525 two of the world's most popular it's foggy the first time through— the chain.
printers. But many of their owners, computer material takes several read Your MPS-801 has a back-panel
relative newcomers to computing, re ings lo comprehend Our material switch to put it into a self-test mode.
main in the dark about tlieir capabili here in addition to explaining your or to select its device number as ei
ties. This article explains those capa printer, will help you understand its ther four or five. In the self-test mode,
bilities to help you gain a good manual. the printer continuously prints an 80-
understanding of every MPS-801 and Many readers are already familiar column test pattern. You can use the
VIC 1525 feature. with the BASIC file commands OPEN, test pattern to align your paper hori
The two printers, though some PRINT*. CMD, and CLOSE, so we've zontally Just move the tractor
what different in external construc covered these in a separate section. If mechanisms from side to side until
tion, are virtually identical in oper those statements aro still mysterious the printed material is exactly cen
ation. Because the MPS-801 is the to you. you should toad that section tered between them. Between the
newer model, we will use that desig right now. tractors, and behind the paper, is a
nation in our explanations. We'll as movable support wheel that you
sume that you know how to install the Physical Features should keep centered on your paper.
ribbon, how to insert and advance the Your MPS-801 connects to the com And speaking of paper, you should
paper, and how to make the printing puter through a cable plugged into never run your printer without it. Do
pressure adjustment, If you don't one of the printer's two back-panel ing so could damage your print head.
know these things already, you serial-bus connectors Most serial-bus The device-number switch can be
should consult your instruction man devices have two of these connectors, useful or not, depending on the size of
ual. By the way, the first step in un allowing you to chain a group of de your system. In one-printer systems,
The first step in

understanding
your printer,
or any piece
of hardware,
is to familiarize
yourself with
its manual.
AUGUST .'SEPTEMBER'85
COmPUTER UIIZHRD
device number four is generally used
for the printer. When there are two Computer Printer
printers, say a dot matrix and a daisy The MPS-801 and 1525 Code: Meaning Meaning
wheel, it's common to number one of CHR$(8) N/A Enter bit-

them four and the other one five With have two character image
the switch, you can set things up as mode
you like. sets: uppercase! CHRS(IO) N/A Line feed
The MPS-801 has a self-inking rib
bon, with an internal reservoir of ink.
graphics and CHR$(13) RETURN Carriage
return
When your print ts very light, you can
usually darken it. by setting device
uppercase/lowercase. C11R$(14) N/A Enter
double-
number four and running this pro width
gram. to unshifted characters, while thqse character
10 OPEN 4,4 on the right half are shifted. mode
20 PRINT# 4.SPC(75) : GOTO 20 The manual shows the characters CHRS(15) N/A Enter sin
It will self-ink your ribbon by con in a hexadecimal table format, which gle-width
tinually cycling the carriage. After a often confuses beginners. To see character
minute or so, stop the cycling by them in the more familiar CHRS form. mode
pressing STOP and RESTORE, then run the following program: CHR$(16) N/A Sot
enter CLOSE 4. Unless your ribbon Is carriage
10 HEM " CHARACTER SET
very old, your print should be much position
DEMO **
improved. Brand-new ribbons often CHR${17)
20 OPEN 4,4
Crsr down Enter
need this treatment, since they dry
30 FOR J = 32 TO 127 : GOSUB 70: lowercase/
out easily in storage.
uppercase
NEXT
mode
Character Sets 40 t-'OH J = 160 TO 255 : GOSUB 70
CHR$(18) RVS Print re
Just like your computer, your MPS- : NEXT
verse-field
801 has two different character sets.
50 CLOSE 4
characters
60 END
Later, we'll describe how to switch CHR$(26) N/A Repeat se
between them, but for now let's look 70 PRINT#4."CHR$("; J; ") ";
lected bit
at the characters themselves, as illus CHR$(J); CHR$(17); CHHS(32);
image
trated on two pages in Appendix C of CHR$(J)
CMR${27) N/A Specify
your manual. {Don't overlook the sec 80 RETURN
dot
ond page.) Observe that every mem Note that there are no printed char address
ber of your computer's character set acters for CHR$(0) through CHR$(31) CHR$(145) Crsr up Enter
has a corresponding member in the ($00-$lF hex) or CHRS(128) through upper
MPS-801 set. But the characters are CI-IR$(159) ($80-9F hex). Instead, case/
somewhat different, since the com some of those values are control char graphics
puter uses an eight-by-eight dot ma acters, or control codes, used to con mode
trix, while the printer uses six-by-sev trol various MPS-801 features. Here is CHR$(146) RVS off Cancel
en. Also notice that Hie characters on a complete listing of MPS-801 control reverse-
the left half of each chart codes, all of which will be explained field
correspond later.
characters
Just like your computer, your MPS-

801 has a so-called "quote mode,"
After one quotation mark, CHR$(34).
has been printed, control codes will
be printed as reverse-field characters.
As with the computer, either a car
riage return or a second quotation
mark takes the printer out of quote
mode. (Sharp-eyed readers may have
noticed quote mode's effect on the
CHR$(34) lino in the output of our
Character Set Demo program.)
Look closely at the two printed
character sets, which are often called
the "cursor-up" and "cursor-down"
sets, for reasons that will become ob
vious. The cursor-up set features up-
POWERF'LAY 47
COHIPUTER UIIZHRD
percase letters wlien unshifted, and characters has 80 positions, num
graphic characters when shifted, fust bered from 0-79. By using the
like the default character set on your The 80-character print CHR$(16) control code, we can posi
computer. The cursor-down set has tron our printhead to any one of those
lowercase letters, with uppercase let line is made up of480 positions
ters when shifted, just like your com
dots (80 characters per Sending the printer a
puter's alternate character set. Notice CHR$(16)"nn"\ where n is a digit
the mnemonic value of the terms line by six dots per from zero to nine, moves the carriage
"cursor up" and "cursor down"—they to position nn, Either of these lines
imply the sort of characters printed by character). will print the word "HELLO," starting
unshifted codes in each set. at print position 25:
Your printer will produce either of Bit-image mode is used for special PRINT#4,CHRS(16)"25"; "HELLO"
these character sets, depending on effects and high-resolution graphics. PRINT#4,CHRS(16)"25HELLO"
the secondary address used in its In this mode, each character code This will print it at position 7:
OPEN statement. When the printer prints, instead of a character, a verti PRINT#4,CHRS(16)"07HELLO"
file is opened with SA ■ 0, (or with no cal image of the seven low-order bits Such carriage positioning commands
secondary address), the default char oi the code. A sub-mode, activated by always refer to the 80-wide print line,
acter set is the cursor-up set (upper CHR$(26), can be used to repeat this even if double-width printing is in ef
case/graphics) When it is opened image as many times as desired, fect. They cannot be used to "tab
with SA = 7, its default character set making it easy to plot horizontal bar backwards," that is, to return the
is the cursor-down set (lowercase/up graphs. The bit-image mode and its printhead to a previous position on
per case). repetition sub-mode are amply illus the print line. They can be used sev
It is possible to temporarily move trated in the instruction manual. If eral times on a line, and they always
out of the default character set by you study the book's examples, you'll position the carnage relative to posi
sending a CHR$(1<15) (cursor up) or be able to understand these modes. tion zero, not to the present carriage
CHR$(17) (cursor down) character to When the printer is placed in any of position. For example, the following
the printer. Either of these characters the three modes, it stays there until line will print HELLO at the start of
puts the printer into the correspond another mode is set. Carriage returns the line, THERE at position 33, and
ing character set. We say "temporar do NOT return it to the default (stan HARRY at position 50.
ily," because the printer returns to its dard-character) mode. A system re PRINT#4, "HELLO"; CHR$(16);
default character set as soon as its set, of course, will put it into the de "33THERE"; CHR$(16); "50HARRY"
carriage returns to the left margin. fault mode. The 80-character print line is made
Looking at some other control char Line spacing on the MPS-801 is six up of 480 printed dots (80 characters
acters, you'll see that your printer can lines per inch in the bit-image mode. by six dots per character). Using a
also print reverse-field characters, The six Ipi setting gives standard variation on the above theme, we can
controlled by CHR$(18), or RVS, and typewriter spacing for text output, place the carriage at any doi position
by CHR$(146), or RVS OFF. As with with 66 lines per 11-inch sheet of pa on the line. The dots are numbered 0-
screen printing, a carriage return dis per. The nine Ipi setting causes print 479, and to use dot positioning we
ables the reverse-field setting. ed lines to touch each other, with no use a CHR$(27) before the CHRS(16).
Also as in your computer, CHRSC13) spacing in between, which makes The two characters after the
produces a carriage return. An addi good sense in printing high-resolu CHR$(16) specify the dot position, but
tional control character. CHR$(10) is tion graphic screens. in a mathematically different way:
called "linefeed" in the manual, but When printing Commodore's key bytewise, in high byte-low byte se
appears to perform the same function board .graphics, or when tight line quence. To specify dot position 20.
as the carriage return character. spacing is desired, the six Ipi setting these characters are CHR$(0) and
puts unwanted space between the CHR$(20). To specify dot position
Printing Modes lows of characters. In these cases, 255, they are CHR$(0) and CHR$(266).
The MPS-801 has three unique print you can invoke the nine Ipi setting by And to specify position 256, they are
modes, separate and distinct from its a simple programming trick, Just end CHRS(l) and CHRS(O). The last dot
character sets. They are' each printed line with a CHR$(8), and position, number 479, is specified by
• Standard-character mode, en begin the next with a CHR$(15). CHRS(l) and CHRS(224). From the ex
abled by CHR$(15) When the carriage return occurs, the amples, you can see that the first
• Double-width character mode, printer will be in bit-image mode, and character specifies the number of
enabled by CHR$(14) will space at nine per inch immedi 256's in the position, while the sec
• Bit-image mode, enabled by ately thereafter, it will return to sin ond specifies the number of ones. If
CHR$(«) gle-character mode, allowing it to you don't understand the principle,
Standard-character mode gives 80 print the characters you desire. In you should study it until you do, be
characters per line, and is the active genious, eh? cause it's a common one in computer
mode when the printer is first turned math

on Double-width character mode Positioning the Carriage When the carriage is positioned
gives 40 characters per line. On the MPS-801. the printed line of this way, we need not be in bit-image
48 AUGUST'SEPltMBER'85
C0I11PUTER UIIZHIRD
mode It's perfectly legal to print sin second item at the next ten-space tab its own characteristics! Run this pro
gle- or double-width characters at any stop, You should be aware of these gram to see what we mean:
of the 480 dot positions. To empha matters if your program uses TAB's or 10 OPEN 2.4
size the point, here's the command to commas for positioning. 20 OPEN 3.1,7
print our greeting at position 259: Well, readers, if you've followed us 30 OPEN 128.4
PRINT#4,CHR$(27); CHR$U6); this far. you ought to bo printer ex 4OPRINT#2,"SURPR1SE!"
CHR$(1), CHRS(3); "HELLO" perts. You've covered the MPS-801's 50 PRINT#3."SURPRISE!"
One final point on carriage posi (and the VIC 1525's) physical fea 60 PRINT* 128,"SURPRISE"
tioning is that the TAB(X| command tures, character sets, and printing 70 PRINT#2,"LOOK AT THE
does not work quile as you would ex modes, and you've learned to print CHARACTER SETS AND LINE
pect with the MPS-801. Rather, it anywhere on its print line. If you don't SPACING^"
works like SPC(X): Instead of tabbing know all about your printer, you're as 80 CLOSE2 : CLOSE3 : CLOSE128.
to print position X, the printer will close to it as most of us ever get, and If you want to learn more, work the
skip X spaces, which is, of course, a we hope you've found it worthwhile. examples in the manual. Like most
different thing. Similarly, when B Because you're now an expert, computer manuals, yours will contain
comma is used to separate printed we'll show you something special— some errors, but doing the examples
items, the printer skips ten spaces you can have several hies open to the and finding the errors will make you a
between them, instead of printing the same printer at one time, each with better computerist. Q
writes data into the file, as do CMD error, you'll have a big problem, since
BASIC File and PRINT, when used correctly to that form lists as PRINT#. but gives a
Commands gether CLOSE tells the file that we

are finished with it.
syntax error when executed. The legal
abbreviation for PRINT# is P shift R,
In Commodore systems, every periph The OPEN command has the fol The CMD command changes the
eral device, from the keyboard to the lowing syntax: output device for PRINT from the
disk drive to the printer, is treated as OPEN Kn.dn.sa screen to the indicated file. Its syntax
a file. The idea of a "file" is not par OPEN can be abbreviated as O shift is:
ticularly easy for beginners to grasp, P. In our example, Ifn is the logical file CMD Ifn
but with practice and experience it number we want to assign to the and the logical file must be OPEN
becomes an obvious concept. Its es printer, and it can be any number when the CMD is executed. CMD is
sence is this: To be compatible with from 1-255. If the logical file number is abbreviated as C shift M. Once a
the computer, external information 128 or greater, the computer will CMD has been executed, anything
must be arranged in some sort of reg make the printer double space be that would normally print on the
ular and logical way. Any collection of tween lines. screen will instead be sent to the indi
accessible, logically arranged infor The dn and sa refer to device num cated file. To undo a CMD to file X,
mation is called a file. ber and secondary address, which are you must execute a PRINT# X.
Commodore BASIC has a group of properties hard-wired into the printer. Sometimes, when CMD is in effect
commands which mate it easy to ex In the MPS-801, the device number and an error occurs or the STOP key is
change information with files. And can be either four or five, depending pressed, screen printing returns, but
every Commodore peripheral is intel on the setting of a rear-panel switch. with a maddening bug—whenever
ligent enough to react appropriately The MPS-801 has two valid secondary you press RETURN, the cursor jumps
to the file-related commands. The re addresses, zero and seven, which am to the end of the line, but r ofuses to
sult is that each peripheral looks the explained in the main text. The "sa" go further. The bug has an easy cure:
same to the computer, minimizing is optional in the OPEN command. Press shifted RETURN, then cause a
the programmer's work in handling When it is left off, the secondary ad syntax error by typing a few letters
them. To use a Commodore printer, dress defaults to zero. In OPEN and followed by a RETURN.
for example, you associate it with a the other file handling commands, Ifn, The CLOSE command reverses the
numbered file, then write to the file at dn and sa may be expressed as con effect of the OPEN Its syntax is:
will, paying little further attention to stants, as variables, or even as ex CLOSE Ifn
the printer's operating requirements. pressions. and you use it when you're finished
To communicate with printer files. PRINT# works like BASIC'S PRINT with a file. It is abbreviated as CL
Commodore BASIC uses the com statement, except it directs the out shift O; note the three-letter abbrevia
mands OPEN. PRINT#, CMD. and put to the indicated file instead of to tion. Your computer allows up to ten
CLOSE, each of which calls for a cer the screen Its syntax is: files to be-OPEN at once, to the print
tain action to be taken on a file, and PRINT* Ifn.data er, disk drive, plotter or any number of
therefore on the printer. Each file :s where data is whatever you'd like the external devices. Even though ten is a
referred to by a number, called a logi printer to print. It is illegal to leave a large number in practice, it's good
cal hie number. OPEN assigns a logi space between the PRINT and the #. programming practice to CLOSE a file
cal file number, associates that num though spaces are acceptable any as soon as you're through with it,
ber with a given printer, and prepares where else. It's also illegal to abbrevi even though it may need to be re
the printer to receive data. PR1NT# ate PRINT# as ?#. If you make this opened later, Q
POWERPLAY 49
•if •'*• .'.' Super Summer Sizzler Sale Ends 9-10-85 &
Commodore 64
Super Summer
Sizzler Sale
One Megabyte Super Summer
zzler Sale |BBB*k. © j ' BIHBk 9 Sizzler Sale
Sizzler Sale
$
179 Disk Drive $m
Store Spreadsheets, Databases, Wordprocessing Data, Etc.
• Commodore 64 • PET • 8032 • B128
The one megabyte disk keeps you from hunting through hundreds of disks for your programs; plus running out of
room on your drive for Data base Data, Word processing Text, Spreadsheet Data, Business program Dato, etc.
With the One Megabyte Disk Drive you can store over 5Vi times the capacity of the 1541. You can store your
own programs and any back upable commercial programs plus data from your business programs*. Perfect as a
second Drive III! Enter the world of professional computers today. C-64 requires IEEE interface.
List $899.00. Sale S179.00. LIMITED QUANTITIES! Requires 2 drive software,
00 Super Summer $OVIA00

Sizzler Sale Z4T
15V2" High Speed
150-170 CPS
BUSINESS PRINTER
The 8023 is a highly advanced 1 36-250 column 1 5 V professional tractor friction printer with full Bit image graphics and'
downloadable characters for custom reports and program listings. The paper feed includes a multiple pin Iractor for
smooth error free operation. With the ribbon rated at I million characters (no mess cartridge) and the print head at 100
million characters this printer will last a lifetime. Full Formatting with near letter quality makes lining up decimal
points, automatic "$" signs and tabbing look fantastic and easy to use. With out a doubt THIS IS THE BEST PRINTER
VALUE IN THE U.S.A. List S899.00 Sale S219.00. LIMITED QUANTITIES!
SPECIFICATIONS
PRINTING METHOD COLUMN CAPACITY RIBBON LIFE GRAPHICS
Serial Impact Dot Matrix 136 250 1 Million Characters Bit Image
PRINT RATE PAPER WIDTH Programmable Characters
LINE SPACING
150-170 Characters per 3" to ) 5' i " tractor or Reverse Characters
Programmable
second(CPS) single sheet friction
COPIES
PRINT STYLE INTERFACE ERROR HANDLING
3, including original
Near Letter Quality IEEE Protocol
Internal
PRINT DIRECTION RIBBON TYPE CHARACTER SIZE Self ■ Diagnostics
Bi-dir ectional Cartridge ($14.95) 0.116" high, 0.08" wide Microprocessor
Commodore 64 IEEE Interface

This interface plugs into /our Commodore 64 Disk Drive port and allows you to hook up the 1 Megabyte Disk Drive and
8023 Printei as well os other IEEE devices, Separte power supply insures reliability. Fantastic Interface, (includes all
cobles) List SI09.95. If bought with printer or disk drive S69.00.
(no interlace needed for PET. B-1 2B and 803! computers)
Add $17 50 lor shipping, handling and insurance. Illinois resident

please odd d% IOX Add 535.00 (or CANADA. PUERTO BICO. HAWAII
AlASKA. APO-FPO orders. Canadian ardors must be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA We Love Our Customers
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14
22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 60010
doys for delivery. 2 to 7 days lo' phone orders. 1 day express mail '
VISA MA5TER CARD - C.O.D.
NoC.O.D to Canada APO FPO.
312/382-5244 to order
Commodore 64 Accessories
Susnmer Sixxier Sale

Sale Positively Ends 9-10-85 Summer
Reg. Sale
Prices will go bock to regular sale prices List Price Sizzler Sale
C128 Commodore Computer

Expandable to 512K. runs C-64. CPM
(AddSIO Shipping)
and 7.0 Programs.
S349<
Callus
15%" Commodore 150-170 CPS Printer
Near Letter Quality, Multiple Pin Tractor
Best Printer Value in U.S.A. (Add $17.50 Shipping)
Friction Feed.
^895 00
$24995
Com mod ore-64 IEEE Interface '109' •690 95
Allows you to run Pet Peripherals on the C-64, including the
One Megabyte Disk Drive and 1 5' i" Printer
Juki Printer/Typewriter 00
*249 00
Letter Quality, daisy wheel, use as typewriter and or printer
(auto correction! (Add S10 Shipping!
SCM 80 CPS Printer

Tractor Friciion 10" Famous Name Printer doesGrophics
w Interface. (Add S10 Shipping)
5299C *159 00
$149 95
Cardco G Plus Interface •109c
1590
Converts Commodore to Centronics for use with mosl printers, plus

does Commodore graphics on graphic printers
Alphacom 40 Column Printer $99°° *24« $2295

Thermal technology - does graphics. (Add SI 0 Shipping)
Alphacom C-64 or Atari Interlace $8.95.
190K Slim-Line Disk Drive

Cooler. 20% faster, quieter than 1541 drive (Add S10 Shipping)
>24900 S16900
$13995
One Megabyte Disk Drive (1000K)
Double sided drive hooks up to C-64 with IEEE interface, pertect as a
second drive. (Add S10 Shipping)
,889oo si nqoo
$I799S
13" Premium Quality Color Monitor
Bettor than 1702, with separated video inputs. (Add SI 4.50 Shipping)
S39900
'1 99no
$I6995
Voice Synthesizer 53900 (49oo $3995
Allows you to talk through your computer. Optional software lets
you ploy talking adventure games (Zork, etc.)
80 Column Board - 4 Slot Expander ■149 00

Allows you to progrom In 80 columns, plus gives you □ 4 slot switch
selectable expander
Auto Dial Modem with Super Smart Software 129' '59 00

Uplood Download. Print. Catalog. This Packoge hos it all! ! !
Best Modem Volue in the U.S.A. M
Musicalc I Software '29l

The Best Musical Software for the C-64, allows you to change all
parameters.
Oil Barrens Software '19*

9S
Bettor than Monopoly, comes with game board, disks and
instruction manual. Strike Oil or Live in the Poor Farm plus Software Coupon Discounts
Add S3.00 for shipping, handling ond rnlufttne*. Illinois residents

pleose add 6% lai. Add $6.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO HAWAII
ALASKA. APOFPO orders. Cgnodion orders must bo m U.S. dollors.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA.
Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order at Personal Check Allow 14
We Love Our CustOTTLBTS
doys lor delivery 2To?doysforphoneorders lday express mait! 22292 N. Pepper Rd.. Borrington. Illinois 60010
VI5A — MASTER CARD C.O.D.
No C.O.D. ro Canodo. APO FPO. 312/382-5244 to order

80 CPS PRINTER $
Smith Corona
• Commodore 64 • Atari * Apple • More
• 11" Carriage • Friction/Tractor • Graphics

Super Summer Sale
Ends 9-10-85
$ 149
1 Year
Immediate
Replacement
Warranty
Tractor Feed
Included FREE!
II SMITH
IE CORONIV
The Fastexi 80 dot matrix printer from Smith-Corona. A liigh speed, high flexibility printer with □ low suggested
manufacturer's retail price of only S299.0Q. Sale S149.00. It does your graphics with ease and prints letters with speeds up
to 80 CPS (Does Commodore graphics with graphics interface.) As for flexibility, it has bi-directional printing, friction
and trader feed . Plus six different pitches including condensed and enlarged type for impeccable characters in a variety
of sizes. Also standard is a full line buffer and thrifty drop-in ribbon cassettes that yield up to a million characters. Finally,
it's compatible with virtually all personal computers. Teamed up with your personal computer, it'll keep track of your
transactions, fly through finances, help with homework, even plan the family menu. All this with the assurance of superb
Smith-Corona quality built in, makes the Fas text-80 a lot of dot for your dollar. List S299.00. Super Summer Sale S149.00.
SPECIFICATIONS: Char. MotriK Size: (Standard j 9H x 8V RIBBON

(Elongate) 10H « 8V
Size Weight Height i" Width 16.5" Depth 9" Type: Cassette Fobnc inked ribbon
Wo.gin 8.3 lbs. Printing Features. Bi-directional. Short line
Life. 1 million choraclers
seeking
Electrical Needs1 130V 60H;
Printing Speed: B0 CPS
Internal Char. Coding: ASCII'.ISO CHARACTER MODE
Print Buffer Si7t\ 132 Bytes (1 line) Character Foul: 1 ' 8 Standard. 10 x il Elongated.
PAPER No. 8 pin to be used foi underline
No, of Char, inChor. Sol1 96 ASCII!.
InlQrnof ionq| lype. Plain Character Set. 96 ASCII. 11x7 International Oiar,
Grophits Capability Slandoid 60 72 Dots Per Forms lype Fonlold Cut Sheet Pm Graph Mode. The incoming bit pattern
Inch Horijoniol 72 Dots Per Inch Vertical Max Paper Widlh II" corroiponds to the B pins In the print head
Pilch: 10. 12 16 7 5. 6. 6.3 Feeding Method Friction Feed Std.. Tractor Resolution Horizontal 60. 72 dots inch. Vertical:
Printing Method linpatt Dot Matrix Feed Included 72 dots inch
PARALLEL INTERFACES
Commodore84 - $39.00 Apple II. lie. II + — $59.(><) Atari - SS9.00
Add S10 00 lor pupping handling and insurance. Illinois residents

plBOse odd 6'. to. Add S20 DO lor CANADA PUERTO RICO HAWAII
AlASKA APO FPO orders Canadian orders must be in J S dolforb
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHtR COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA We Love Our Customers
Enclose Cashiers Check Money Order or Personal Check. Allow \4 22292 N. Pepper Rd.. Boirington. Illinois 60010
days lor delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders 1 day express moil1
VISA MASTERCARD C.O.D. 312/382-5244 to order
NoCOD to Canada APO FPO.
Circlo Roador Service No. 1B

COLOR MONITOR
SALE!!!
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• Built in Speaker and Beautiful Color

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High Resolution
• Front Panel Controls
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■ For Video Recorders
Sharp Clear Text
• For Small Business Anti-Glare Screen
Computers
40 Columns x 24 Lines
• Apple - Commodore - Supports 80 Columns
Atari ■ Franklin - etc.
rtiW SI-I SO shipping handling arid insurant'

List $39900
hois rB&idenil plec^*? add 6un in> W>' do
!,.,• snip to foreign counrnes
Caniijal Alaska Pueno Rics APO FPO.
(including
SALE $169°°
Inclose Caslirers Chi'ck Money Ord<!r O'
13" Color Computer Monitor
Poraongl Chotk. Allow U doyi lor delivery 'J
To 7 cioy^ F(n |)fionc orders I day p.pnr^ "Connocimg coble $9.95
mail I
IS Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
14" COMMODORE 1702 COLOR MONITOR Super Summer $1

(add SI J.50 shipping) List $29900 SixzlerSale
12" XTRON SUPER HI-RESOLUTION MONITOR
80 Columns x 24 Lines. Super Hi-Resolution 1000 lines
10995
Super Summer
Green or Amber Super-Clear "Easy to Reod" text with I rî
Siziler Sale
special antiglare screen!
HI-RESOLUTION GREEN OR AMBER TEXT DISPLAY MONITOR

80 Columns x 24 Lines, Hi-Rcsoluiion, crisp clear easy Super Summer $ 8995
1o read text with antiglare screen! A MUST for word I j î S 1 QQ
processing. Llbl ' "7 00 SizzlerSole
12" MONITOR GREEN OR AMBER TEXT

6995
Super Summer
80 Columns x 24 Lines, easy fo read up front controls I j c+ S 1 Sin Ioi Sale
' Connecting cable S9.95
■ LOWEST PRICES • 15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY

• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A.* ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS
Add 510 00 for ^hippitig. horldling onti insurance Illinois residnn's

pteOta odd 6". lax Add S?0 00 lor CANADA. J'UtRlO RICO. HAWAII
AtASKA APO-f"PO orders. Canadian order1, must be in U.S. dollars.
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA.
We Love Our Customers
Enclose Cashiers Chetk Money Order or Personal Check. Allow Id 22292 N. Pepper Rd.. Barringlon. Illinois 6001 0
days for drjLvcry 2 lo 7 days for phone-orders I day express mail!
VISA MASTER CARD -COD NoCODIo Canada APO f PO 312/382-5244 to order

KIDSCORHER HY HOWARD M1LLMAN
Have Robot
tape is usually given to the host at the
affair's end.)
An FM wireless microphone pro
Will Travel vides the robot's "voice," Bradley

usually stays within earshot of the ro
bot and listens to comments and
questions directed its way. With the
ijeventeen year-old Bradley Reis microphone literally hidden up his
has turned a love of rummaging sleeve, he replies to the questions or
around surplus electronic parts shops even initiates conversations—usually
into a profitable enterprise, A busi with young ladies, naturally. Surpris
ness-oriented hobbyist, Bradley col ingly, no one has discovered his inno
lected a small mountain of motors, cent ruse yet, perhaps because every
batteries, and assorted goodies that one's attention is usually riveted on
only an electrical packrat could love. the four-foot tall robot with its daz
Then Bradley combined his talents zling display of lights, motion, and
with those of a friend, and, in three music.
months, built a robot. Once he was convinced he had

With their enterprising eyes on tuned Robbie to near perfection, Brad
starting a publicity business, they immediately began building another
distributed flyers to local businesses With his earlier partnership amicably
and caterering halls near their Nan- dissolved, this considerably more am
uet, New York, homes, The robot, bitious project initially threatened to
spontaneously nicknamed "Robbie," engulf his limited financial and tech
was an immediate success Calls for Let's be honest. You have nical resources. But, drawing on the
bookings came for store openings, income and experience gained from
banquets, and children's parties. And
too much talent to have to Robbie, he was able to design a low-
with hourly rental rates averaging earn money hustling cost sibling, dubbed Comrad. Al
S70.00, their animated collection of though this second-generation robot,
cast-off components paid for itself m hamburgers. But alas, with its black and white plywood ex
just five months. terior and flashing three-inch red
Their first robot's anatomy is func
you need the bucks. spotlights for eyes at times resembles
tionally rather simple. A square alu Here's a solution: Build a a rolling hangover, it's actually a
minum base houses two six-volt mo Commodore VIC 20 on wheels.
tors with wheels, providing robot and send it to work Comrad's every action is guided by
forward/reverse and left/right motion. his on-board computer. With a
A gelcell battery provides power. Di
instead. Microworld Electronix plus a VIC-Rel
rections are issued via a Kraft two-
channel remote-control transmitter to
activate servos that in turn close mo
tor operating relays An 18-inch diam
eter plastic cylinder forming the torso
rides on the aluminum base. A deta
chable serving tray is affixed to carry
drinks, snacks, or small packages.
The aluminum flex-tube arms are
fixed into position, so they are for
show only.
For added appeal, the cylinder is
capped by a clear plastic dome under
which resides a flashing strobe light
and a cassette recorder. With a Hair
for flash, the boys painted the torso to
resemble a cutaway tux, complete
with a ted boutonniere and tophat.
The cassette recorder plays music,
mostly rock at parties, or tapes com
ments directed to, or overheard at.
the parties Robbie attends. (A poten
tial lor disaster here: The completed
KIDS'CORIIER
I/O interface, an impressive degree of Bradley, ever the entrepreneur,
animation is achieved. The head and sees a full future for this robot. After
body independently swivel, both time-consuming—yet necessary—
arms rotate at the shoulder, and one debugging, Comrad debuted at the
has an elbow too. A parallel jaw New York State Science Fair and took
clamp—fashioned from a gear-operat fourth place. And speaking of debug
ed jar opener—serves as one hand; ging: After all circuits, every connec
the other terminates in spring-loaded tor, and each control have been test
flex-steel fingers for grasping smaller, ed and double checked, Bradley then
lighter objects. An automobile's elec sits beside his robot, arm around its
tric antenna assembly extends and dome and quietly appeals to the un
retracts the fingers on command from seen human side of his creation. He
the VIC. implores it to please, please not mis
Separate 12-volt DC motors control behave in public.
each action. Via some clever engi At these moments, the bond be
neering, only one motor is required for tween man and machine, creator and
each movement, since reversing the Robbie is controlled with created, blurs. This young man feels a
polarity on a permanent magnet mo
a Kraft two-channel justifiable pride in his robots. They
tor also reverses its rotation. The po are, says Bradley. "More than ma
larity changes, like all current-carry remote-control chines. They're my friends, my com
ing functions, are handled by the 16 rades." Q
separate I/O-driven relays.
transmitter. His more
A sonar rangefinder, excised from a
sophisticated sibling,
Polaroid camera bought at a yard sale, Where to Find Parts
provides feedback for avoiding colli Comrad, is guided by an
In addition to frequenting neigh
sions. That's for the front. The sides
and rear are protected by direct con
on-board VIC 20. borhood yard sales and regularly
tact microswitches. These dometop

scouring area surplus shops for parts
and supplies, here's a list of dis
switches, incidentally, originally de
count mail order houses. Write or
signed for use in commercial pinball
call for their catalogs.
machines, were scrounged up in a
surplus shop at three for a dollar.
Jerryco, Inc.
All environment-sensing signals
601 Linden Place
aro fed back to the VIC for ingestion
Evanston, IL 60602
and response. The information is first
(312) 475-8440
stored in the VIC's RAM. Since that's
both limited and volatile. Comrad
Surplus Center
travels with an on-board 1541 disk
P.O. Box 82209
drive. As the computer's RAM fills,
Lincoln, NB 68501
data is automatically dumped to disk.
(800) 228-3407
With this considerably expanded in
tellect, backed by a custom software
B&F Enterprises, Inc.
program, this robot can sample and
119 Foster Street
survive in some seemingly hostile en
Peabody, MA 01961
vironments.
(617) 532-2323
The resident program to store, re
trieve, and respond is written in BA
Etco Electronics
SIC. Actually, the program isn't so
Route 9N
much written in BASIC, but more
Pittsburgh, NY 12901
nearly learned. Hero's why: Comrad earlier unit, but here's the difference;
(518)561-8700
wakes up with an I.Q. of zero. Now all this information is stored in
Through an all too familiar, perhaps the VIC or on disk. So when school's
Mouser Electronics Corp.
even popular learning process, it over, Comrad remembers and re
11433 Woodside Avenue
loams through mistakes, But, unlike sponds defensively when detecting
Santee, CA 92701
humans. Comrad never repeats a mis an obstacle, and displays a learned
(619) 449-2222
take. Once is enough. reaction to a common circumstance
By using remote control joysticks, This same trial-and-error process
H&R Corp.
Bradley deliberately guides the robot guides the motion of its arms, torso,
401 East Erie Avenue
into gentle collisions Then he extri head and even the built-in speech
Philadelphia. PA 19134
cates it. This part of the process is synthesizer. Elementary artificial in
(215) 426-1700
similar to the one he used with his telligence at work.
POWeRPLAY 55
BEHIHD THE PROGRHIIIS liY PAM HOROWITZ
'Lord British9
is from
California
Ultima's Creator
is Neither a Lord
nor British
d British, creator of the best-sell

ing Ultima adventure series, looks
more like a punk rocker than a mem
ber of British nobility. The handsome
23 year-old software designer has liair
the color of California sunshine, part
of which is braided into a new wave
"tail". He dresses in jeans, leather that Richard publish it. I invested
jackets and studded belts—hardly the $200 of my own money. At that time,
attire of a British lord Lord British is really it seemed like a small fortune," Rich
Lord British was born Richard Gar- ard remembers. Months later, Akala-
riott in Cambridge. England. His fam 23 year-old Califomian heth was bought and published by a
company called California Pacific.
ily had left their home in California so
that Richard's father could take a
Richard Garriott. "Publishing Akalabelh gave me my
temporary teaching position at Ox first taste of earning money at some
ford University. Richard doesn't re fascination with fantasy. Using the thing I enjoyed," Richard explains. "I
member much about merry old En school's computers, he began to de was going to college at the time, and
gland because he was only two sign and program original adventure it seemed that as my income went
months old when his family returned games. up. my grades went down." It was
to the United States. Richard's high school was located then that Richard decided his days as
Richard's pseudonym. "Lord Brit just outside the Stanford University a student were over; he wanted to
ish," has absolutely nothing to do campus, and the student body was spend all of his time designing and
with the fact that he was born in En made up of kids whose parents were programming adventure games.
gland. The title started out as a joke, on the faculty of Stanford. The profes Since the Garriotts have always
created by two of his college buddies. sors wanted a high-tech education for been a family of achievers, his deci
When Richard was a sophomore in their children, so the school had three sion to quit school didn't win Richard
high school, he took a computer mainframe computers with terminal any points with his parents. His fa
course at the University of Oklahoma. hook-ups in most of the classrooms, ther, Owen Garnoit, is an astronaut
Arriving on campus for the first time, Because Richard had completed the whose first space flight was a two-
he greeted his roommates with a sim course at the University of Oklahoma, month mission aboard Skylab II. He
ple "Hello." "Hello''" they mimicked he was allowed to design his own was also part of the crew of the STS-9
"No one here says 'hello.' You must computer curriculum. All he had to do (the first flight of the Space Lab).
be from England, so we'll call you was work on a project of his choice Richard's mother, Helen, is an art
'British.'" The name stuck and Rich and submit it at, the end of the year. ist who has done some of the artwork
ard later embellished it with the During his three years of self-instruc for Origin Systems. One of his broth
"Lord" tide. tion, Richard created 28 fantasy role- ers is a doctor and another brother.
For as long as he can remember, playing games. He kept revising thorn. Robert, has several college degrees,
Richard has been a fantasy game ad trying to make each one better than including an engineering degree from
dict. "I was one of the first Dungeons the last Akolabeth: World of Doom was Stanford and a master's in business
and Dragons freaks," he confesses. the name given to the final version and from M.l.T. Robert is now president of
His interest in computers, however, the one which launched Richard's pro Origin Systems; ho handles the busi
didn't start until he was in high fessional computer career. ness side of the company, so Richard
school. After his summer of comput After he finished high school, Rich is free to put all of his energies into
ing at Oklahoma. Richard returned to ard got a job at a local computer store. creating adventure games.
school in California and decided to The owner of the store thought Akala- After Akalabeth. Richard designed
combine his computer skills and his beth had potential and suggested the first game in the Ultima series. It
behihd the PR0i]Rnms cnmE reuieiu
previewed by
tracie forman-hinbs
two) plus a new. more detailed ap
Ultima IV: pearance to the vast terrain.

A brand new crow of monsters
Quest of the joins all your old favorite nasties, in

cluding the dangerous Mimics (they
look just like a treasure chest—until
Avatar you try to open them), Floating Eyes
(each eye stalk has a different deadly
Computer: Commodore 64 power) and the food-stealing, pre
Publisher: Origin Systems viously invisible Gremlins. In addi
1545 Osgood Street tion, monsters don't only travel with
North Andover, MA their own kind anymore, but attack in
01845 mixed groups.
Medium: Disk From this card, you will find your Unlike previous Ultima games,
self alone in a strange and fantastic once you've entered into battle, it's
Jl was a bit nervous as I climbed the world, filled with mythical bcasls and possible to turn tail and run. This is
stairway that led to Lord British's magical objects Welcome back to the a useful, and necessary, defense
work chamber. The benevolent mon worlds of Ultima1 As in previous Ulti against some of the better organized
arch of Sosaria and Origin Systems' ma games, this is a menu-driven ad monster groups, but remember—the
star game designer had consented venture. Instead of typing in the ac monsters can retreat also.
to a private audience and preview of tion you want to take, you just select As you become more knowledge
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar. The from the menu of appropriate actions able and experienced, your strengths
Lord was quite excited about his lat and press the key (like A for Attack). rise accordingly. Although only one
est project, though he was still put Although learning what each key character begins the game, it's possi
ting on the final touches as of this stands for may be cumbersome to ble to attract followers m the towns
meeting. newcomers, many people prefer and villages as you pass through. A
The game comes packaged with a knowing exactly what can and can't good hint: A smart hero is nice to
full-color cloth map of the realm. be done. Besides, most adventurers everybody and avoids dueling with
which is far larger than any previous will have memorized the command potential friends. A good one to
Ultima continent. Origin Systems also scheme after the first play session. watch for is the wandering bard lolo,
plans to include a small ankh pendant Using four keyboard buttons, you who might have helpful information—
as a souvenir and badge of honor, move across the countryside, teem if you can track him down.
Ultima IV's plot takes an innovative ing with friends and foes. You start This game has many quests-with-
turn away from the standard role- □ut with little food, equipment or in-a-quest and the castle holds many
playing game character generators. ready cash, so you must find village secrets for the resourceful player,
Unlike the earlier Ultimas, in which shops in order to stock up, Towns are And, of course, there are the danger
the player chose a character race, populated with a colorful variety of ous dungeons to survive.
class, and gender, then allotted points residents, some of whom might have Although Lord British requested
for various abilities, Ultima IV's story helpful information. So talk to every that I don't give away too much of the
starts in a more mundane way: at a one you pass and write down what ending, I can tell you this: Much of
county fair where you meet a mysteri you hear. the success in the game depends
ous tarot card reader. Putting two Fans of the first three Ultima install upon your character's actions
cards at a time on a table and telling a ments can look forward to some new throughout the adventure, not just his
short story about them, she empha bells and whistles dressing up the fa or her prowess with the sword. Don't
sizes the conflicting values (truth ver miliar Ultima game style. The graph expect to solve Ultima IV in a month
sus justice, for example). Soon only ics have been perked up, with double or two. But do expect to get more
the crucial card remains. the animation (four frames versus than your money's worthl H
was also published by California Pa and better than its predecessors and contain his enthusiasm when he talks
cific and was one of the first fantasy was even more successful. Ultima in about the newest member of the Ori
games to make good use of graphics took more than a year to complete gin family, Ultima IV. "It's at least
with vory little text. and became the first official product two or three magnitudes better than
Ultima 11, the second in the series, of Richard's own company, Origin Ultima III, says Richard. "It's more
was published by Sierra On-line, ft Systems. "We wanted more control user-friendly than the others. We've
was a larger game than Ultima I, with over the finished product and the put more information on the screen so
improved graphics and an expanded packaging," says Richard, "so we de players don't have to use the fact
map. Ultima II was very involving and cided to form a company and publish sheet."
captured the imagination of computer the programs ourselves." Ultima IV is divided into eight
adventure lovers. Now comes the really big one—the quest groups and each group is al
Next came Ultima III. It was bigger ultimate Ultima. Richard can hardly most equal to the size of one Ultima III
POWEftPLAY 57
BEHIHD THE PROGRRmS
sword fighter were photo digitized to
show people in realistic combat posi
Richard Garriott is Lord tions. The images become views from
British and Lord British is the side and above, and they take up
almost half of the screen.
Syti tax errors got Richard Garriott. It's hard Lord British and the Ultima series
you down? Need
a cure for the to tell where one leaves off are a proven success, and the new
offerings from Origin Systems appear
ptnjtuier language?
and the other begins. to be destined for the same. For Rich
harrier blues? ard Garriott. the timing was right. He
A subscription to became involved in computers when
Commodore's game. 1l comes with a map, which the industry was just beginning. Un
official contains 16 times more data than the fortunately, it's not so easy for would-
magazines map in Ultima III. Richard estimates be programmers to strike it rich in
will ease the that it will probably take two or three today's computer market. Richard
pain with months of afternoon and evening play has a few words of wisdom for anyone
plenty of,
to solve the mystery. who's hoping to follow in his foot
"After Ultima III became a hit, I steps.
'" software reviews,
began to get lots of fan mail. It was "It's very important," says Richard,
' programs to type
then that I realized I was actually "to carefully and intentionally develop
• and sure, the expertise necessary to be a good
making an impact on the people who
programming played my games, and I decided I programmer Get as much hands-on
tips and behind- wanted that impact to be positive." experience as you possibly can.
the-scenes Richard's new philosophy will be "Find a project that you will really
industry news. come very apparent to the players as enjoy working on and make sure the
they gat deeper into the game. idea is unique. To be successful,
Richard's ideas for his fantasy games must be visually dynamic,
u>/ the inside
games are a combination of everyday state-of-the-art, and very user-friendly.
story on
situations and lots of imagination. "If you're really serious, get going
Commodore
"Each o£ the Ultima's just hap with a working prototype Nobody
computers
pened," continues Richard. "They're buys ideas; they want to see sample
with a screens showing graphics and how
very spontaneous. I drive my girl
sub- friend crazy asking for a slip of paper the game is going to work."
scrlption every time another idea hits me!" Richard believes that the Pacman
to hath When asked how many Ultima's days ate gone for good. The market
ommodore were in his future, Richard is unde has been saturated with arcade-type
Micro cided. "I learn more each time I write action games. To be a hit in today's
one," he replies. "I'm still in the game world, a program has to be an
computers and
'scrap it all and start over1 phase." all-in-one combo of action, animation,
Commodore
Richard explains that he won't be sat graphics and fantasy.
Power/Play.
isfied until he learns how to cram as Everyday at exactly five o'clock in
Send in the the offices of Origin Systems, fantasy
much as possible into a system and is
enclosed turns into reality. Richard and the rest
totally pleased with the internal data
subscription structure. of the staff put on helmets, load their
card today. In addition to the Ultima series, guns and turn the office into a battle
Origin Systems is launching some field. "Rubbasei war" is officially de
other dynamite games unlike any clared' Rubber-band bullets fly
you've ever played before. Auto Duel through the air at a startling speed of
is an action-packed strategy game 120 rnph. powered by sleek mbbaser
where you build your own battle car, guns. The graphite and steel weap
\ 1 choosing the chassis, tires, armor ons are ordered from a specialty store
plate, body style and weapons from in New York and cost £75 each. Rich
an assembly line, Once your mean ard owns four of them1
machine hits the road, you go to the Richard Garriott is Lord British and
American Auto Duelists Association Lord British is Richard Garriott. It's
to receive your mission. The game hard to tell where one leaves off and
we 20% qi involves many factors including role the other begins. Perhaps that is the
the regular playing, adventure and arcade action. secret of his success. Like an artist
Moebius is a martial arts game with a paintbrush, Richard is an artist
newsstand price! with amazing graphics A profession of fantasy who uses a computer to
al kung-fu expert and a Japanese express his creativity. B
58 HBEfi
AUGUST .'SEPTEMBER'85
JIFFIES UV THOMAS I". TKOCCO
Now, find the line where your program ends. This

A Secret Code may be a line with the END command, or it may not
Sometimes, it will be found whore a program asks you if
Subroutine for the you want to "PLAY AGAIN (Y/N)." In our test program.
it is line 170. Replace the command END (or add a line)
Commodore 64 with1
<line number> NEW
For example, in our test program, line 170 will be
Add this subroutine to programs that come:
170 NEW
you want to keep secret. This will NEW the program, so it can't be listed.
Now let's tiy it! After you have made the additions
and changes listed above, save your new program. I'll
Ôccasionally, we need to protect programs so that repeat that: SAVE YOUR PROGRAM NOW. Now run it.
they cannot be copied or listed. A few hints have ap When prompted for the secret code word, enter a wrong
peared in various magazines, and I now have one to word. You will now see the "YOU LOSE" message, and
add. if you try to list the program, there will be nothing In the
If you have a program (or message) that you want only computer's memory.
certain people to use, you can share a secret code word Now re-ioad the test program and run it again. This
with them. Without this word, the program will NEW time, enter the correct code word. The program will run,
itself, and not. allow the unauthorized person access. but you won't be able to stop it with the RUN/STOP-
First, you should choose a secret code word. I'll be RESTORE keys. When the program ends, it will NEW
using MONKEY (because I am a primatologist who stud itself and disappear.
ies monkeys in the jungles of Peru). Don't use your When you are finished, you can enter POKE 808,237
name, or the word secret, because these are too easy for in the direct mode to reset the RUN/STOP-RESTORE
people to guess. keys.
Second, load in a program, or type in the short test My daughter Meredith (age ten) has used this subrou
program below, We will be NEWing this program (eras tine when sending private computer letters to her friend
ing it from the computer's memory) on purpose, so make Jessica.
sure you save a copy of it. WARNING!MM! Always save any program you will be
Third, type in our secret code subroutine below Re using with the secret code subroutine before you run it,
member, to enter line 4 you must use the question mark because it will NEW itself whether you type in the
instead of the PRINT command or it won't fit in one line. correct code word or not!! (And don't say I didn't warn
you.)
Program Explanation
Tom Trocco can be heard on WNYC radio (83 AM) in
Line 0 will not allow the program to be listed. New York as a participant in "Small Things Consid
Line 1 will disable the RUN/STOP and RESTORE ered, " a show for children that airs Tuesdays and
keys, so someone can't break the program in the middle Wednesdays at 5 p.m. Q
and attempt to list it.
Line 2 will clear the screen. Before typing this program, read "Bow to Enter Programs."
Line 3 asks the user to input the code word.

Test Program
Line 4 is set up so if the code word is not MONKEY
100 REM MAIN PROGRAM
(which is what these CHR$ codes are), then you will get
110 PRINT"THIS IS A TEST PHOGKAM"
the "YOU LOSE" message, and the program will self-
120 PRINT"NOW TRY TO USE THL"
destruct (NEW itself). We are using GHRS codes to
130 PRINT"HUN/bTOP- RESTORE KEYS"
further protect the program. If someone manages to list 140 fOR T=l TO SO00:NEXT
the program, they still may not be able to find the code if :RE« WAITING LOOP
it is written in this way.
150 PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY TO KCJD"
If the code word is correct (MONKEY), the program 160 GET A$:IF A$=""THEN 160
proceeds to the main body of the program. 170 END EMU
If you choose a different code word, you must change
Secret Code Subroutine
the CHRS codes in line 4. You can look these up on
0 REM [SHFT L]
pages 135-137 of the Commodore 64 user's guide that
1 POKE 8D8,225
came with your computer. If you want to use a secret
2 PRINT"[CLEAR]"
word longer than MONKEY, you will .have to abbreviate
3 PRINT"TYPE IN OUR SECRET CODE WORD";
the commands as follows:
:INPUT SCS
CHR$ = C<shift H>
4 IF SC$OCHR$(77)+CHR$(79)+CHR$(7B)
POKE - P<shift O> +CHRS(75)+CHR$(69)+CHR$(89)THBN
THEN - T<shift H> PRINT"YOU LOSE":NEVm END
POWERPLAY 59
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JIFFIES BYICKICCICUERE
Simple List
for the VIC 20 and Commodore 64
List each statement ofyour

programs separately, to make
them easier to read and correct.
JTljive you ever, by any chance, wished for a way to

make your program lists; mote easily understood'' I have
the habit of programming in this fashion: (these two
lines are simply made up):
100 ] = 0:pokex,j:pokeyrj + l:
z = peek(x + y-j) :m = fnr(34)
110 ifm<zthenprint:close3:close4:end
Now, this usually doesn't give me any problems, but
sometimes everything is so tied up in there that I can
barely make sense of it all, As a result, I've often wished
I had a program that would list each statement separate
ly, and give me room on the paper to write in any
changes. Simple List is just such a program, and runs on
both the Commodore 64 and VIC 20 computers, with
either disk drive or cassette.
Using the Simple List program, the lines above will be
printed as:
100 j = 0:
pokexj:
pokey,j + 1: and again, when the cursor appears:
z = peek(x + y-j): PRINT#1 CLOSE 1
rn - fnr(34) What have we done? Basically, we prepared a file on
110 ifrn<zthenprint: disk or tape for receiving information ("opened" it) and
close 3: then diverted screen output to that file with the CMD
close4: statement. That means that when we typed LIST, the
end program was listed as normal, but instead of going to
I can easily look at each line and determine what it does, the screen, it was stored on disk or cassette. The
and I also have the necessary room to make any changes PRINT#1 then properly finishes the file, and the CLOSE
in pen. statement tells the computer we have finished and that
it can restore output to the screen.
How to Use Simple List Once this is done, load and run Simple List. Enter the
Using Simple List is very easy. First, type in the name you gave the program when you saved it on disk
program accompanying this article and save it. Now or tape, and make sure your printer is on. Simple List
load in the program you wish to list. We must now save will then proceed to input each character from the file,
it back to disk or tape in a fashion Simple List can use— process it as necessary, and then send it to the printer.
as a sequential file. ("Sequential" means that the file is After each colon, a carriage return is performed, and the
stored in a linear fashion, with each bit following the program lines are double-spaced When finished, Simple
next Don't let the term intimidate you.) List prints an end-of-listing message and returns you to
To do this on disk, use the following commands, BASIC
substituting the name of the program in memory for
"name": Cassette Notes
OPEN 1,8,2, "name,S,W":CMD 1:UST Besides having to use a slightly different method for
When the cursor reappears, type: storing programs as sequential files on tape, line 110 in
PRINT#1 CLOSE 1 Simple List should be replaced with:
Cassette users must type the following, instead: 110: OPEN 1.1.0.PNS
OPEN 1,1.1,"name": CMD 1:LIST and line 120 deleted.
How it Works each line, formatting them where necessary. Lines 190
Simple List is not a complex program. Lines 50 and 60 to 215 do the actual text printouts, and line 220 finishes
set up certain variables. Lines 100-120 input the file everything off.
name and open the sequential file for reading, checking
for errors in the disk version. Final Notes
Line 130 opens the printer for output—you may need Although it isn't a terribly complex program. Simple List
to change this slightly depending upon the type of print is useful for setting yourself straight in the middle of a
er and interface you have (it works fine as is on a complex programming job. I don't recommend using it
1525/MPS-801 or a Gemini-lOX with The Connection for all your listings, but it does come in handy occasion
interface). ally. H
Line 140 simply skips a couple of unnecessary bytes
at the beginning of the listing. Line 150 prints a listing Note: VIC 20 users should not include the final apostro
header. Lines 160-180 get and print the line number for phe and the last four letters in each program line.
Before typing this program, see "How to Enter Programs." 160 NS$="'"BDSC
170 GET#1,N$:IF STOf) THEN 220'FMtH
Simple List
175 IF NSOCHHS (32JTHEN NS$ = N5$+N$
50 CH$=CHR$(13):CO$=CHR$(5ti) lEPOH :GOTO 170' ISfc'Q
60 (34):QU=0'DLNG ISO PHINT#4,RIGHTS("[SPACE4]"+NSS+"
101) INPUT" [CLEAR,DOwNJ PROGRAM NAME"; [BPACE2]",7)f :PS$» FOJK
PNS:IF PN$="QUIT"THEN END'FIYF 190 GETU,XS:PSS = PS$+X$
110 OPfciN 1,8,2,PN$+",S,R";UPEN 15,8,15 :IF X$=QU$THEN QU=1-QU'IAWP
:INPUT#15,E,E$"EAMB 200 IF(X$=C0$AND QU=0)TtiEN PKINT84,PS$
120 IF E>20 THEN PKINT'DISK ERHOK :PRINTS 4,"[SPACES]";:PS$ = IXY.H
: "t;,£:$:CLOSE 1:CLOSE 15: END1 HNIh 210 IF XS=CR$THEN PHINT#4,PS$
130 OPEN 4,4'BDAY :IF ST=0 THEN 160'HftYF
14C GETU,A$,A$'BIXB 215 IF ST=0 THEN 190'DGJF
150 PKINTJ4,"PHOGRAM: ";PN$;CK$; 220 PRINT*4,CK5;"END OF LISTING";CR$;
CRS'BOLG CR$:CL0SE 4:CLOSE l:CLOSE 15'EVEI
END
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Circle Reader Service No. 21 Circle Reader Service No. 19 POWERPLAY 63

JIFFIES BY WILLIAM AMI KATHLEEN I'KTKOXE
Address File for the

1541 Disk Drive
WW hen you purchase Commodore's 1541 disk drive,
you also receive a demonstration disk containing a num
ber of useful programs. The final program on this disk is
an example of a random file. This program lets you input
a name, address, phone number, and a comment into a
random file under a specific file number, which is then
stored into a sequential file for future access. The file
can hold 664 separate addresses.
As an example of a random file, this program is excel
lent. Unfortunately, however, the directory is too limited
for useful application. But this pioblem is easily reme
died with a minimum of program additions, thereby
transforming this program into a functional and worth
while addition to your software collection.
The additions to the program aro listed at the end of
this article. The key is to modify the existing sequential file number(s) so obtained can then be used to extract
file routine so that the last and first name is stored the name and address information from the random file
instead of a "1." winch is what the program previously To scan the directory, the program enters 8 null
used to designate a used file number. string. The scan rate of the directory can be slowed by
With a few more additions to the program, the user pressing the CTRL key. Also be sure to input the name
can enter a name of interest and retrieve the specific file into the master file as follows: last name/first name,
number to obtain the desired data. During the search without any intervening spaces. Do not use commas
phase it is not necessary to input a complete name; a when entering data into the master file.
string of any length can be used. For example, the input With these simple alterations, the usefulness of this
of a single letter will result in the output of all file random file program as an address filing system is great
numbers and names which begin with that letter. The ly improved. Q
Before typing this progiom, read "How to Enter Programs." 44 PRINT"[HOME,RIGHT10,DOWN9,SPACE4,

Address File LEFT5]"I;:15(I)="/"'CINM
(Additions to the Random File Program on the 1541 45 PRINT IS (1) :NEXT:GOT0 5B'UJGI
Demo Disk) 4G OPEN 5,8,5,"U:INDEX,S,R"'BGYK
111 KEM a**********************' bXJb 47 FOR 1 = 1 TO 664: 1NPUTII 5 , 1$ (I) ' ENXM
12 REM * RANDOh FILE EXAhPLE *'BTHK 48 PRINT I;" "; IS(I) 'BIBK
14 hEM ***«***■>*»*****••******' jiXJF 49 NEXT I:CLOSE 5'CDHK
16 DIM I$(6G4) :tU=t):tX=b:Cii=2 50 PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN,SHFT F22]"'bAMT
:tP=l'FXOL 52 PKINT"[SPACES]JOB MENU[SPACE8]
18 PRINT"[CLEAR,D0^N2,SHFT t22]"'tlAEX "'BALH
20 PRINT"(SPACE2)INSERT DATA 54 PRINT"[SHFT D22]"'BAJh
SHEET"'BASD 56 PRINT"BACH
22 PRINT" [SHFT D21]"'hlASO. 58 PRINT"[SPACEb]l=CKEATE' 1 BAXM

24 PKINT"[DOWN2,SPACE4] 60 PRINT"[SPACE512=DELETE" •BAXF
START PRESS 'S1"'BARK 52 PRINT"[SPACES]3=SEAkCH" BACH
GET PS:1F PSO"S"THEN 26'FHVJ 64 PRINT"[SPACE5]0=END"'bAEI

26
28 OPEN 15,8,15,"I0":OPEN 2,8,2, 65 PHINT'BACH
"f'CPPK 66 INPUT"1 ,2,3, 0[SPACE3]1[LEFT3]
3D PRINT" [CLEAR,DOWN,SHl-'T F22]"'BAMR ";OS'BDAN
32 PRINT"INDEX FILE OPERATION"'bABH 68 IF 0S="0"THEN CLOSE ISiCLOSK b

34 PRINT"[SHFT D22]B'bAJU :CLOSE 2:END'HJXy
36 INPUT"(DOWN,SPACE5]NEW SHEET? N 70 IF OS="l"ThEN llM'DFEG
[LEFT3]";OS:PKINT CECM 72 IF U$="3" THEN SBUO'DGHI
38 II OS="N"THEN 46'DEQK 74 IF 0$<>"2"TH£N SU'EEKK
40 IF OS<>"Y"THEN 36'EEDD 76 GOTO 200'BDbK
42 PRINT:PRINT"[SPACE4]WAIT!" 10 0 HEM ****«**********«*******lbXJV
:EOK 1=1 TO 6641FHMI 102 REM * MASTER FILE CREATE *'bSFC
JIFFIES
Fb${3)'BHAK
103 REM ************■**********'BXJC 382 PRINT"T£L[SPACE3,SHFT SPACE2]
104 PKINT"[CLEAR,DOWN2,SHFT f22]"'bAER FB$(4)'BHNM
10b PRINT" [SHFT SPACE] 383 PR1NT"COMMENT[SHFT SPACE] = '
MASTER KILE CREATE" ' BAXG FB${5)'BHMN
106 PKINT"[SHFT D22]"'BAJS 385 PRINT" BATO
107 INPUT"KECOKD NO. = t)[LEFT3]"; 390 GOTO 320'BDEH
F'BCPI 5100 REM *•******■**■■*******■•*'BXJC
109 It' F=0 THEN 170'DFO.G 5105 REM * FDD BLOCK READ *'bOFH
110 INPUT"NAME[SPACE5] =. [LEFT3] " ; 5168 KEM **■**■**********•******'BXJK
FBS(l)"BHYb 5110 GOSUB 5330'BEMA

120 INPUT"ADDRESS[SPACE2J = .[LEFT3] "; 5120 PRINTS 15,"U1:";CH;FD;FT;FS1BPHF
Fb$(2)'BHFD 5130 PRINT#15,"B-P:";CH;FP'BJOE
130 INPUT"ZIP[SPACE6]=.[LEFT3]"; 5140 GOSUB 5270'BEPD
FB$(3)'BHLD 5150 FOR FI=1 TO FX'DFCG
132 1NPUT"TEL[SPACE6]=.[LEFT3]"; 5163 INPUT#CH,FBS(Fl):'bLBH
FB$ (4) 'BHXF 5180 NEXT'BAEG
134 INPUT"C0MMENT[SPACE2] =. [LEi'T3] " ; 519 0 RETURN1BAQH
***********************'bXJD
t'B$(5) 'BHVI 5200
140 GOSUB 5200'BEIA 5201 REM * FDD BLOCK WRITE *IBPO.E
150 I$(F)=Fb$(l)'BLCC 5202
160 GOTO 104'BDEC 5210 GOSUB 5330'BEMB
170 OPEN 5,8,5,"60: INDEX, S , W1" bGTG 5220 PRINTS 15,"b-P:";CH;FP'BJOE
175 FOR 1=1 TO 664:PRINTB5,IS(I); 5230 FOR FI=1 TO FX:PRINT#CH,FBS(tI);
CHR${13);'FTDO CHRS(13);:NEXT'GXWK
180 PRINT I;" ";IS (I) 'BIBF 5240 PRINTS15,"U2:";CH;FD;fT;FSlBPII
185 NEXT:CLOSE 5'CCTJ 525W GOSUB 5270'BEPf
190 GOTO 74 ' BCSli 5260 RETURN'BAO.F
200 REM ***"*******************'BXJA 5270 REM ***********************'BXJK
201 REM * MASTER FILE DELETE *'BSEC 5275 REM * ERROR CHECK *'BMCO
202 REM ***********************'BXJC 5278 REM *****■*****■****■****■*• bXJS
210 PRINT"[CLEAR,DOWN2,SHFT F22]"'BAEP 5280 INPUT#15,EN,EM$,ET,ES'BPUL

212 PRINT"[SPACE2JMASTER FILE 5290 IF EN=0 THEN RETURN1EDCL
DELETE"'BAYE 5300 PRINT'ERROR STATUS
214 PKINT"[SHFT D22]":PRINT'CBOT : ";EN;EMS;ET;ES'bNKH
220 INPUT"RECORD NO. = 0[LEtT3]"; 531C INPUT"CONTINUE?" ; ¥$
F'BCPE :IF Y$="¥"THEN RETURN'fcGII
230 IF F=0 THEN 260'DFQB 532(1 STOP'BASC
235 IF I$(F)<>"1"THEN 220'EIUI 5322 REM ***********************'h XJ 1
240 IS(F) ="/":PRINT"[DOWN] 5 32 4 REM * SET TRACK 6- SECTOR *'bKiiL

RECORD NO. "fc1; "DELETE"'CIHH 5326 REM ******************«***'i| BXJM
25(1 GOTO 220'BDDC 5330 It F<358 THKN H = l!: F2=22 : t'3 = l

260 OPEN 5,8,5,"@0: 1NDEX,S, W" BGTG :GOTO 537CHVUM
265 FOR 1 = 1 TO 664:PRINTI5 ,15 (I) ; 5340 IF F>357 AND F<472 THEN Fl=357
CHRS(13);'tTUO :F2=20:t3=19:GOTO 5370'JDbP
270 PRINT I;" ";IS(I)'BIBF 535C IF F>471 AND f<58C ThEN tl=471
275 NEXT:CLOSE 5'CCTJ :F2=19:F3=25:GUTU 5370'JOAQ
280 GOTO 50'BCME 5360 IF i>579 THEN Fl = b7ii: t 2 = 10
30t) KEh ***********************' BXJB :F3=31'GTYO
301 HEM * FILE SEARCH *'bKJB 5370 FT=INT({(F-Fl)-1)/(F2-1))+F3'HTWP
302 REM ************************bXJD 538U FS=t-Fl-(FT-F3}*ti2+(FT-f3- 1) ' IUmS
310 PKINT"[CLEAR,DOWN2,SHFT £22]"'bAEQ 539C RETURN1BAQJ
312 PRINT"[SPACE7]SEARCH[SPACE7]"'BAVE 8 000 PRINT"[CLEAR]"'BATB
314 PRINT"[SHFT D22]":PRINT'CBOU 8905 INPUT "LAST NAME/FIRST";AN$'BErtK
32U INPUT"RECORD NO. = 0[LEFT3]"; 8010 NA=LEN(AN$)'CHIE
F'BCPF 8020 FOR L=l TO 664'DtSE
321 IF F=0 THEN 50'DEPC S025 N1S=IS(L)'BITJ
322 It I$(F)=V" THEN GOTO 320'EIDF S030 N2S=LEFTS(N1S,NA)'CLEG
325 GOSUB 5100'BEHtf 8045 It ANS=N2STHEN PRINT "FILES=";L;
360 PRINT"NAMt:[SPACE2,SHf"i' SPACc2] "NAME=";N1S"ENHR
= ";FBS(1)'BHNI 8046 NEXT'BAEK
370 PRINT"ADDRESS[SPACt.2]= " ; 8050 INPUT "ANOTHER NAME Y/N"; 11$'bEDK
FB$(2)'BHXI 8060 If IIS="Y"GOTO 8005'DHMJ
380 PHINT"ZIP[SPACE3,SHFT SPACE2] = "; 8070 GOTO 300'BDCI
POWERPUY 65
At Commodore, we think it's easier for school children to learn
about a computer by using it rather than by waiting to use it.
So, we sell the Commodore 64™ at about half the cost of
comparable computers.
With the money you save on the Commodore 64, you can afford
the things you'll really need: more Commodore 64's.
In fact you can create a powerful but economical "Local
Network" with 8 computers sharing one disc drive.
The Commodore 64 features: 64K memory, 66 key typewriter-
style keyboard, 16 co|or_high_resolution graphics, 9 octave music
synthesizer and 3-dimensional sprites.
And the same commitment we make to hardware, we're making
to software. We have highly rated Logo and PILOT programs.
Much of the well recognized MECC™ courseware and the Edufun™
Series from Milliken will soon be available. There are hundreds of other
programs, including a wealth of public domain software for the
Commodore 64. Our newest additions are 30 early learning programs
from Midwest Software.
So you see, the all purpose Commodore 64 really is in a class
by itself.
For further information on the Commodore 64 and our 250
Educational Resource Centers, contact your nearest Commodore
Education Dealer.
t commodore
COMPUTERS
Commodore Bus-rras MachmK lr»c , PO Bo* 500M, Conshohoekoi, ftt 194?8 Cdiada— 3370 Pharmacy Avenue. Agnicourt, On\ Can M1W2K4
EdulunanO MECC arc trademarks of VJIiken Publishing Comoanvand Minnesota Educational Coupirtkng Consortium respectively
WHY THE COMMODORE 64 ISN'T
IN A CLASS BY ITSELF.
TH€
House
MHKING GRetDVILLC
Chip Wits™
OF
CHIPUJITS
flGflM€THfiTT€nCH€S
PROGRAMMING CONCCPTS,
CHIPUJITS IS fiVniLnBL€ FROM
€PVX FOR TH€ COMMODOR€ 64.
H€R€'S HOU TH€ Gn/V\€ 6VOLV€D,
from n vnGue loen in th€
MINDS OF TUJO MINNCSOTfl
T€fiCH€RS TO ON€ OF TH€ HITS OF
TH€ 1985 UJINT6R CONSUM6R
€l€CTRONICS SHOUJ.
(Jc commodore
BY K6UYN B€€CH
I t was the final day of the 1985

Winter Consumer Electronics Show in
competitors alike.
Word had spread about the new
later reflect on the warmth of their
game's reception with mild astonish
Las Vegas, and Mike Johnston was robot game during the first three days ment. After all, less than six months
chatting with a television crew from of CES, and now it was bathed in before, they had still been working on
The New Tech Times. Chipwit, the television lights. The camera crew an arithmetic game for a company
loveable little robot with the red high- was shooting Chipwits foi a show that was on its way to extinction, and
top sneakers, had emerged as one of about so-called "breakthrough" soft Chipwits was little more than a vague
the bright stars of the show. The au ware—products that represented idea about robots and ping pong.
thors of Chipwits were basking in the new directions for the medium Mike Chipwits wasn't exactly a rush job,
glow of recognition from friends and and his partner. Doug Sharp, would but it wasn't "ten years in the mak-
G«M| < OFTIOHS
HISSIOH
SERIES
—GREEDUXLLE
CHIPIfIT
DOOM ROOMS
peace p«ths
MEMORY LHNES
OCTOPUS GARDEN
MVST€RY HOTRIX
B0GHTOUN
chip wit (chip' uitt) n. 1. A short,

squat robot wearing sunglasses
and red tennis shoes, and having a
predilection for pie, coffee and
computer disks. 2. Something
suggestive of the endearing
qualities of a chipujit; esp. in
persons; as a chipwit off the old
block, a person who is as loveoble
as a chipwit.
ing," either. Authors Doug Sharp and a former elementary school teacher, said Doug Right, said Mike We'll just
Mike Johnston started the prefect eai- and Mike, a doctoral student in com write a megahit computer game and
ly last summer when the steady (low puter-based education, joined forces become instant millionaires. Isn't that
of contract programming work they and started writing conversions of what everybody's doing these days?
had enjoyed in Minneapolis suddently educational software for Control Data It takes guts to thumb your nose at
ran dry. Corporation and Science Research a weekly paycheck and start pro
They had been working together as Associates. It was good money for gramming a game on speculation,
consultants since 1982, when Doug a while, but eventually other program hoping that eventually you'll find a
was a student in one of Mike's classes mers began offering to do the same publisher and make some money. But
at the University of Minnesota. Doug, work at a lower price. No problem. that's exactly what our heroes did.
POWERPLAY 69
Mike. 29, and Doug, 32, turned to low mazes, react to new situations but they were having trouble narrow
their very professional wives (a physi and remember where it has been. A ing it down.
cian and an editor) and said. "Listen, Chipwit is as intelligent as you make Several games influenced the au
honey, we're gomg to risk everything it. thors during the early stages of Chip
on a wild, irresponsible fling at be Of course, none of this had yet tak wits' development, games the pair
coming software superstars"—or en shape in the authors' minds as admired and spent many hours play
something worded for better effect— they contemplated their first step to ing. Rocky's Boots and Robot Warn
and the die was cast, ward software success. It was Febru headed the list, and they share two
Mike and Doug have very under ary, 1984, and they still had three things in common; Both are enter
standing spouses, months of work left on an arithmetic taining games that teach you some
thing about computers. This idea de
fined the type of game Doug and
Mike wanted to design. But what
would be its theme?
Doug argued for a robot game, fore
seeing the power and flexibility that
would result. "I don't like to sit at a
GRlTlE REUIEUI
CHIPWITS
Publisher: Epyx
1043 Kiel Court
Doug (left), Mike (right), and friend (center). Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Medium: Disk
Retail
drill game before they could start their Price: Not available
That Robot Gome First Big Project. It was time to begin
For the uninitiated. Chipwits is a discussing what that project would has come up with a terrific
game that teaches children (and a se be. way to teach the basic concepts of
lect group of inquisitive, truth-seek At this point, Doug and Mike re how computers work a charming
ing, freedom-loving adults) the basics ferred to Chipwits simply as "that ro one-player game called Chipwits that
of computer programming. In the bot game " In the game's original de can be played through either a joy
game, you program a robot's brain sign, one or two players were to stick or a KoalaPad
using icons that represent its various program robots to compete against The starring characters are robots,
functions—-turn left, move forward, each other in contests like soccer and 16 of them in all. These loveable little
look for a door—then you watch the Pong. Doug planned to make the characters are programmed by the
robot perform in a variety of adven screen a "first-person" view where player to negotiate various rooms and
tures on your screen. After viewing you would see things from the robot's accrue points Different objects are
your robot's performance, you can re perspective Aside from these two found in the rooms, including oilcans,
turn to the workshop to improve its ideas (which would later change), disks, bombs, electro-crabs, and cof
program. most of the game was still undefined fee and pie. Some items are good:
Each adventure is a series of rooms The authors were sure of only one disks and oilcans are good and accrue
filled with good objects and bad ob thing: Their game would be educa points: pie and coffee are good and
jects. Pie, coffee, oilcans, and com tional. provide energy for the Chipwits. Oth
puter disks are good. Chipwits love to "Both of us are teachers." says er items are bad: electro-crabs injure
eat these objects. Electro-crabs, Mike "We got into software develop the Chipwits, and encountering a
bouncers, and bombs are bad, and ment from an educational angle. We bomb is even worse: they destroy ro
must be zapped or avoided. In order might be able to run off and do some bots.
to cope with the variety of things it thing that was purely entertainment Chipwits is controlled largely
encounters, a Chipwit has a powerful and make a lot of money, but we'd through icons, which makes it ideal
array of commands which allow it to rather do something educational in an for younger players. Four pull-down
explore rooms, recognize objects and entertainment context. I refuse to menus are used Warehouse, Work
decide what course of action to take segregate those two things As long shop. Games, and Options. These
You decide how to put the commands as we do this, we'll stay with educa menus aie activated by directing an
together. At its simple level, a Chip tional games." arrow-shaped cursor to the desired
wit can move, turn, and look, using Their primary goal determined, the menu and depressing the fire button.
functions even a young child can un next decision confronting Doug and Holding down the button pulls down
derstand. On the other hand, an ex Mike was the choice of a theme. They the menu, and selections are then
pertly programmed Chipwit can fol- already had a general topic in mind, made by moving the arrow to the de-
70 AUGUST /SEPTEMBER '85

computer and have stuff shoved forming. This would reduce the high- gramming language began.
down my throat." he says. "Too tech jargon of computer programming
much educational software falls into to a set of visual images anyone could Going Forth
that category I liked the idea of cus understand. Choosing a development language
tomizing a helper to lead me to the Mike, too, saw the power of the is never easy, especially when you're
things I wanted to learn—creating my concept. He explains, "When you cre contemplating a project for multiple
own teacher that knows the things I ate a Chipwit, the process is internal computers. Doug and Mike planned
like and don't like " ly motivating. When you see an error, to develop "that robot game." as they
This would become the foundation you know that it's an error you made. were still calling it. for several differ
of Chipwits—the idea of a robot that So you're motivated to fix it. The pro ent computers. Programming the
would teach you about programming cess is also adaptive—the robots are game in assembly language would
while you taught it how to survive in only as good as you create them. You mean rewriting the game for each dif
a series of games, a robot that would can't create anything you don't un ferent computer—a time-consuming
be both teacher and slave. You'd pro derstand, so you proceed at your own process, and time was a precious
gram the robot with a special lan pace." commodity. Faced with these restric
guage, a set of symbols representing While they set about putting the tions, the authors narrowed their
the functions it was capable of per design on paper, the hunt for a pro choices to three high-level languages:
REVIEWED 1!V TOM UENKOIf I)
Operating Language. IBOL provides

symbolic operators and arguments,
which are surprisingly easy to learn
SIXT€€N When programmed with IBOL, the

Chipwits can move, feel, see, smell,
CHIPUJITS grab, zap, and remember things—
even sing songs1
ROBOTS IBOL has symbolic operators which
"UV€" ON will direct the robot to look for things,
move or turn, smell for an object (like
TH€ DISK AND coffee or pie), feel for an object, pick
up an ob]ect. or zap an offending ob
€RCH MRV B€ ject. A "coin-flip" operator is also in
until HOU!,i mil i ■.imi i.inii ', or i iiiii<.
TAUGHT TO cluded so the Chipwits may "flip a

coin" to decide on its next course of
PLRV RNV OF scout Chipltfiti™ cvti.es action. This feature is valuable in
o r
teaching the principles of computer
€IGHT randomization.
DIFF€R€NT Another novel feature is the "boo
merang, " which functions much like
GRM€S. a GOSUB in BASIC. It allows the pro
gram to return to the main panel from
a subpanel at any time This operator
especially comes in handy on the
more complex play levels.
Complex movement and operation
al patterns may be created and stored
using the "save" operator. Three
memory stacks are provided, one
sired item. Releasing the button acti vided they are programmed to do so each for numbers, moves, and things.
vates your choice. That's where the player comes in: the Each stack will hold up to 256 argu
A demonstration game is provided objective of the game is to program ments, so highly complex programs
that introduces Greedy, one of the the Chipwits to negotiate obstacles, are possible, and adding an item to a
Chipwits. who acts as your guide scarf up goodies, and traverse the dif stack will cause the top item to move
This demo game puts Greedy in ferent rooms of each adventure. Oh down one place in the stack. This
Greedville, one of eight different yes—don't forget to program them to feature is useful for understanding
games that may be selected. This eat all the pie and coffee they can how memory is managed inside a
"Greedy in Greedville" game is an because these foods provide energy computer.
adventure that covers four individual for the Chipwits and the game is over The symbols provided in IBOL are
rooms. Greedy and the other Chip when they run out of energy. used to create the programs for the
wits are capable of finding the door The Chipwits are programmed in Chipwits. The programming is done
ways to move from room to room, pro 1BOL, which stands for Icon Based Continued on pg, 122
POWERPLAY 71
Pascal, C, and Forth. Mavericks are bilities. He claims Forth lets you get
mavencks (one of Doug's favorite pas close to the machine. Of course, he
times is cross-counuy skiing in the also insists that his toast no longer
middle of the night at a Minneapolis "Mike and I ore not burns and that his car always starts
golf course), so they chose the maver on cold mornings now that he is pro
ick of computer languages: Forth. "traditional1 gramming in Forth.
While that decision was being As former teachers, the authors of
made, the aspiring artists assayed
programmers. I guess Chipwits take an unusual approach to
their next game-design problem
They knew Chipwits would be a robot
you'd say that we do programming Doug explains, "Mike
and I are not 'traditional' program
game, but they weren't sure what to 'folk programming.'" mers. We were never trained in com
do with the robots Sitting down with puter science and we probably do
a blank sheet of paper, the partners things a little differently. 1 guess
tried to come up with a list of scenar you'd say that we do 'folk program
ios in which general-purpose robots ming.' '
could compete. game different from everything else Doug wrote his first program while
Perhaps, they thought, the game on the market. Not just out of the employed as a fifth grade teacher in
could include a variety of scenarios ordinary, but unique, Doug and Mike Minnesota. Taking a computer home
appealing to a broad range of people. knew they faced high odds against on weekends. Doug taught himself
And if it was successful they could finding a publisher, and even higher the rudiments of programming so that
keep coming out with new scenario odds against success once the game he could instruct his young charges
disks ad infiniuim. disk after disk, un was published. The educational soft how to master the intricacies of the
til the robot game had 1,001 different ware market is crowded, and they meandering GOTO, the ubiquitous
scenario disks They'd be famous. wanted Chipwits to stand out from IF/THEN and the indomitable FOR-
And rich. Rich and famous. the competition. /NEXT.
Brains storming, imaginations in In the second place, they needed Mike's first exposure to computers
high gear, Doug and Mike scribbled an environment lor the robots that of came at the University of Texas, A
down the places where robots might fered a range of interesting possibili French and linguistics major, Mlka
be able to compete, A soccer held, ties. Contests like soccer and Pong was given the task of designing Ara
offered Doug. A tennis court, sug offered nothing more than a set of bic script on a graphics terminal for
gested Mike. A racetrack. An obsta predictable interactions with a use in teaching students how to write
cle course. A battle arena. Mazes. bouncing ball. And finally, they need in Arabic. "Playing with computers"
The list began to grow. ed something they could program in was so much fun that he started dig
Before long, the list assumed epic less than six months. ging into wastebaskets. looking for
proportions. The pair of programmers Adventures. That was Mike's solu passwords on discarded printouts. It
had enough ideas for dozens of tion. Adventures with a single, soli was the only way a French major
games. Trouble was, they were plan tary robot Instead of programming could get computer time Soon, Mike
ning to write just one game. Reality robots to compete against each other began learning how to program and
began crinkling the edges of their ex on a soccer field, why not program by the time he graduated, he was an
citement. No ordinary general-pur one robot for an adventure? Each ad expert.
pose robots would be able to function venture could be a series of rooms While Doug went ahead with the
in such a large variety of situations. filled with different objects or charac game, Mike accepted one last pro
These robots would have to be intelli ters. The robot would need to be able gramming contract Suppressing his
gent. to recognize and interact with them eagerness to work on Chipwits, he
The calendar on the wall read successfully. This framework was recognized the need to keep money
"March." How could they create a flexible enough to include many pos coming in while they worked on the
language powerful enough to pro sibilities, yet simple enough to pro project.
gram intelligent robots for so many gram in a reasonable amount of time. As the month of June arrived, two
different environments and still get At last, the project was defined. things happened that would have a
their game out in time for Christmas'' Now they could start filling in the de tremendous effect on the game. The
The answer was apparent. Thoy tails The month of April was spent first took place as Doug and his wife
couldn't. Now. Mike and Doug really developing the language that would inga drove from Minneapolis to Phila
had a problem, They would have to control the robots. Or, to be more pre delphia for a wedding. Somewhere on
narrow the game's scope without nar cise, certain snippets of April were 1-80, the little robot with the shades
rowing its appeal, and that was a tall spent this way. All of the design work and high-tops came into the world.
order on Chipwits was earned out while While Inga drove, Doug sketched ro
"That robot game" was beginning Doug and Mike finished other pro bots on a note pad Using only one
to look like a misdirected concept. A jects. sheet of paper, he filled every corner
good idea with nowhere to go. Then The arithmetic game was finally with robot drawings until he was sat
Mike came up with a solution completed in May, and Doug began isfied with his design,
It was pretty simple, really. But it programming Chipwits on a full-time Neither Doug nor Mike had tried to
solved three problems with one bold basis. He liked Forth immediately design robots for their game before
stroke. In the first place, Doug and The unstructured environment of the this moment, and Doug's design
Mike needed a way to make their language appealed to Doug's sensi would remain unaltered hencefoith.
72 AUGUST,'SEPTEMUER '85
Although he had yet to receive his seemed like a cute name, so we
name, Chipwit had arrived. adopted it, But we never really final
June's other momentous event ized what it stood for." he adds. "In
came as a jolt to the budding game fact, to this day we don't know what
designers. They had hoped that no Chipwits got his name it stands for—maybe Icon-Based Op
one else would think of producing an erating Language."
educational robot game, at least not
one day when Doug It was also time for "that robot
until long after Chipwits was safely on
the shelf at the computer store in your
was reading letters to game" to receive a name
ners say they never sat down and
The part
neighborhood But the June Consum the editor in a tried to think of a name, never made
er Electronics Show brought the an lists of possibilities, and never tossed
nouncement of a new game called Ro computer magazine. names back and forth to try them out.
bot Odyssey. Instead. Chipwits got his name one
To Mike, who had feared that For one reason or day when Doug was reading letters to
someone would beat them to the the editor in a computer magazine.
punch, this was the worst possible another two words One letter in particular held his atten
news. "I was a little skeptical of our tion. And for one reason or another,
chances from the start, and the an
stood out from the two words stood out from the final
nouncement of Robot Odyssey in
final paragraph: paragraph.
June shook me up. I said to myself, "Chip" and "wit."
'Gee, we've been scooped.' But we "chip" and "wit."
intentionally never looked at it, and Serendipity
we just started working harder." Things wcru moving quickly as Au
Nothing could have provided more gust arrived. Enough of the game was
effective motivation. Mike and Doug functioning for Doug and Mike to
redoubled their efforts, and soon, a derstand People think in pictuies, start showing it to publishers. Before
diminutive besneakered robot was and Mike had theorized that since they did that, however, the pair de
wheeling around on the compute: computer programming is a thought- cided to talk to an agent.
screen. In like fashion, the robot's intensive process, people would be Contacting the Robert Jacob Agen
control language was taking shape. better able to grasp its concepts if cy of Thousand Oaks. California, the
The form of the languaga evolved as they were represented by symbols in two authors askod a lew guestions to
the game progressed; when the au stead of words. find out if working with an agent
thors knew what the rooms would Thus, the robot's command to would make their task any easier. Bob
look like, they could then visualize "look" would be symbolized by an Jacob convinced them that yes. he
would not only make their lives much
easier, but he would also make them
rich and famous. Doug and Mike gave
their now agent a copy of Chipwits
and settled down for the long wait
while he started making the rounds of
software companies.
He found a publisher within a
week.
To their astonishment, not one but
two companies showed an immediate
interest in Chipwits This was ex
tremely fortunate, since Mike and
Doug hoped to release their game in
time for Christmas.
Epyx, one of the companies inter
ested in the game, negotiated for the
rights to the Commodore 64 version,
Mike (left) and Doug (right) set the Chiplilit trap. promising to ieloase it as soon as it
was finished, probably in January or
how the robot would move around in eyebaJl. "smell" would be represent February.
side the rooms, and so forth A set of ed by a nose and the "feel" command Back in Minneapolis. Doug began
symbols began emerging, incorporat would be a hand with the index finger putting the finishing touches on the
ing the basic principles of computer extended as if to touch something. game One of the last problems he
programming in a graphic language. At this point, the authors felt their and Mike faced was narrowing down
This had been their goal from the new language should have a name. the list of objects that would appear in
beginning, to translate the technical "We wanted a name for the language the rooms There would, of course, be
commands of programming lan that was a play on words," says Mike. several menacing objects for the robot
guages into the language of pictures, One of the robot's commands sug to avoid, like bouncers and electro-
a language that people can easily un- gested an obvious possibility "IBOL Cantinuedan py. 122
POWERPLAY 73
Software
Protection
Is the Cure
Worse than the ,/■"
isease:
F
Bx Howard Mitlmaii
tolerate the frustrating losses. They,
like the record industry, recognize the
aced with mounting losses from pirates, publishers are irritating inevitability of lost income
employing increasingly sophisticated software security because of these part-time software
shoplifters.
schemes. And hackers gamely rise to the challenge by There is a second category of disk
eagerly breaking the codes. To pirates it's a contest, to duplicator: the serious users who
copy programs exclusively to back up
users a "convenience," to publishers a crime. Can their own important data and pro
everyone be right? gram disks These users are not pi
rates; if duplicated disks are not sold
user group members. These pirates or exchanged, but archived, then it's
Software Snatching: are not professionals and generally not piracy. The third brand of pirate is
Larceny at Arm's Length? their underlying motive is in getting of far greater concern—the wholesale
Most software anatchers fit into one something for nothing. bootlegger who copies a program,
of three types. First is the user who Although the losses from these ca photocopies the manual, and sells
casually copies a disk using a com sual exchanges are by no means triv them for profit.
mercial "archival" copy program. ial, the frequency of these all too com Often hundreds, sometimes thou
These copies, in turn, are generally mon transactions usually preclude sands, of illegal copies flood the legiti
given to friends or exchanged among prosecution. Reluctantly, publishers mate market. Precisely because of the
74 AUGUST SEPTEMBER 85
potentially exhorbitam losses, pub that doesn't perform as expected. alent if disk duplicators didn't view it |
lishers will vigorously pursue pros Maybe it's a game that tires, a word as a victimless crime. In their eyes, S
ecution to recover lost revenue. And processor that plods, or a utility that's every software publisher shares one
with the FBI's help available in inves tedious. Or perhaps the hype on the common feature—they're all a re
tigations, publishers are often suc box was misleading, the advertise mote, intangible non-entity. It's easi
cessful in winning convictions. With ments too glowing, or the salesman's er to defraud at a distance.
fines running as high as $50,000 for assurances too promising. But the And how do publishers react to
repeat offenders, a bootlegger has to bottom line is that you feel misled. these ripoffs? Do they price their
peddle a pile of programs to pay that You paid good money and bought a products higher9 You bet! Industry
penalty. gripe. The result is that you're not so sources estimate that software costs,
Although bootleggers are a numeri willing to pay that kind of money next in a truly Utopian market, would be
cal minority among pirates, their im time around. And you're susceptible, reduced 20% to 40% below current
pact is disproportionately groat. Why then, to pirated software. prices.
are they so successful? Why, beside Maybe If retailers were more
cost savings, do legitimate users knowledgeable, demo disks more
And Now a Word from the
knowingly buy black market copies? readily available, and advertisements
Part of the blame apparently lies with more specific—so end users were Sponsors
the industry itself. more secure about purchasing soft Lindsay Swattz, Director of Corporate
See if this sounds familiar, You (or ware—pirating wouldn't be so lucra and Legal Affairs for Batteries Includ
an acquaintance) purchase a program tive. Or maybe it wouldn't be so prev ed, would like to see the stalemate
POWERPLAV 75
broken. As testimony to their com
mitment, they have released Home- j • j • , / t
pak, a non-protected integrated soft- industry estimates claim that between
ware package retailing for a modest p j . • i» 11 -7
$49 95. By offering three popular pro- JOUY dlld tetl illegally COpWCl prOg
ductivity proqrams at a competitive ■ i /•
price, they hope to reduce the incen are circulating for
tive to duplicate programs.
At the time of our discussion, Ho- every one sold.
mePak hadn't been released long
enough to accurately gauge their ex and copies a disk, they balk at photo
periment's impact, so Mr. Swartz de copying the manual.
clined to offer predictions on similar At times, even without documenta
future releases. "The ]ury is still out," tion, you can still use a program by
he cautiously notes. asking judicious questions on the
But Batteries Included can afford to customer support hotline. But unless
be gracious and daring. They deal pri you are the registered owner duly list
marily in productivity programs—the ed in the distributor's data base, you
kind that often arrive with fairly ex probably won't get your questions an
tensive documentation. Paradoxical swered.
ly, although hackers will patiently While all this makes a great argu Lindsay Swsrtz of Batteries Included: "flu1 jury Is
wait while a 1541 laboriously decodes ment for unprotecting productivity still out" on their unprotected Hmnepak software.
software, what about games? There,

very often, customer support is usual
Otection—A Primer ly limited to warranty replacements

only. And the minimal instructions
are almost common knowledge, cer
[Vsost of the dozen or so copy protection schemes presently in use rely on tainly for the more popular packages.
forcing errors into the disk's read/write tracks. Okay, what does that mean? "Game publishers." says Mr.
Commodore's standard disk format divides each disk into 35 tracks, and Swartz knowingly, "are taking a beat
each track contains from 17 to 21 sectors. Each sector begins with a header ing.
that contains sync marks, disk IDs, track and sector identification, and a Barry Shatwell, formerly of
checksum. No two headers are exactly alike. Timeworks, and Vic Schiller a com
By deliberately introducing ID, sync, or checksum errors into certain pany VP, agree. And Shatwell adds,
tracks, the program tends.to abort during a load. "Users who pirate software are the
But why then doesn't the protected program crash'' Because the program ones not likely to have bought it in the
first recodes the 1541's random access memory to accept these errors and first place. But for free, they can't re
not report them to the 64's command channel. An error is only an error if the sist the temptation to add another
1541 's microprocessor says it is. game to their library."
These programs are uncopiable since a standard copy operation does not For these reasons, Spinnaker Soft
include a reprogramming of the 1541's RAM, redefining just what is or isn't ware, a long established publisher of
an error. And the 1541 dutifully refuses to copy an error unless it receives entertaining educational software,
prior instructions to do so. protects all their releases. Ted Tread-
Now, enter the copy program. This seeks and identifies the errors (type well, Spinnaker's quality assurance
and location), reassures the 64 that's all well—even though these errors are manager, feels that doing otherwise
present—and to carry on with the task But disk-track errors are yesterday's would result in significantly fewer
news. Far more sophisticated methods have been recently introduced. Lets sales and innumerable illegal copies.
look at two of them. Furthermore, he sees no alternatives
The first records data on a "non-existent" track 36. Since Commodore's on the horizon. Dongles and duplicate
disk operating system routinely reads only to track 35, anything past that is master disks disproportionately in
ignored—unless the RAM is first reprogrammed to read beyond. crease the cost of software.
The second method is the only one presently uncopiable. This extremely
sophisticated system relies on density-bit changes.
Here, briefly, is the way it works. Data is recorded onto a disk in a certain
standard way or, restated, in bytes per inch. The 1541 expects to see a
certain density in a certain sector. By deliberately varying the density
within a sector, an error condition is generated.
But why is this method so effective? Because, unlike the disk errors,
density changes are variable. The publisher decides on the degree of
deviation. It's a combination lock that only the publisher can open. So far.
Steve Schwebel, Micro-W's resident code cracker, is developing an artifi
cial intelligence routine to identify, locate, and analyze density bit changes,
But, at least for the moment, publishers still hold the upper hand in the
continuing cat and mouse game of copy protection Q
accept it or you don't). I'd recom
mend that you read the agreement or
chock with the program's publisher
before purchasing the software.
Two Alternatives To Market, To Market

Retailers have as much at stake as do
In attempting to still user complaints, the industry has tried two alternative publishers, since rampant duplication
protection methods: dongles and dual master disks. While they solve some also deprives them of income. And
problems, they create others, and so far neither has been used extensively, their perspective on copy protection,
Dongles are electronic "keys," usually inserted in a joystick port Dongles not surprisingly, closely parallels the
are really an encrypted ROM chip containing instructions the program publishers'.
requires to load and run. Once the dongle's in place, you can make as many Let's return, for a moment, to our
backups as you need because it's the dongle, not the software, that's Utopian marketplace, and consider
protected. the pandemonium if all copy protec
As with all things, there are disadvantages here too. Most evident is the tion were magically removed from
$5.00 to $10 00 additional cost. For software retailing near the $30.00 mark, disks When I asked this question of
that additional cost is disproportionate. And what happens if you lose your several software dealers, their almost
key? Well, you can still get a replacement, but it may be expensive—as unanimous response was best stated
much as $35.00. by Bob Signer, owner of the White
Another attempted solution is dual master disks. Supplied with two Plains, New York, Software Link.
originals, you have an immediate backup should one fail. Furthermore, if He predicted that the immediate
one is damaged, you can return it for replacement while using the other. Of result would be like free candy:
course, there are unscrupulous users who view the second master merely as countless users would copy practical
a convenient pre-made copy. ly everything in sight But then as the
There remains yet a third alternative, one based on mutual trust. For novelty wore off, the market would
serious users who cannot afford to be down, some publishers will send a stabilize. Eventually lower prices
duplicate master upon payment of a nominal handling fee (usually $5.00). would allow more users to purchase
Write to your program's publisher explaining your special circumstances. Q more programs for their dollars, Pira
cy, whilo it would never completely
Reading the Fine Print

Spinnaker occasionally, like all other
publishers I spoke with, prosecutes removing copy
licensing violations when adequately
provoked. So just what constitutes a protection across the
violation'' For instance, are multi-user
systems in schools illegal?
board would be like
"Definitely not," says Batteries In- offering free candy: users
cluded's Swartz. "As long as the disk
isn't copied, it's legal." In fact, they would copy everything
encourage group use, wisely viewing
it as an investment. "After all," he
in sight. But then, the
continues, "users tend to buy soft market would stabilize.
ware they know and are satisfied
with." Retailer Bob Signer: Piracy would eventually
A similar perspective was voiced diminish il software prices came down.
by Timeworks. They, in fact, are
showing their active support of edu But Bill Rosen of Simon & Schuster disappear, would diminish signifi
cational networking by introducing casts a cool light on multi-user sys cantly.
School Paks, a marketing promotion tems. Says Rosen. "That's definitely a Some retailers feel that most pirat
highlighting specially priced pack violation of our present licensing ing is done by younger users to whom
ages for volume buyers agreement." He adds though, that Si $30.00 or so is considerably dearer
mon & Schuster (as well as Prentice- than to the more affluent adults. True,
Hall) is considering revising their poli but that's only one of several explana
Users who pirate software cies and will likely offer site licensing
agreements shortly Other publishers
tions.
The three reasons cited most often
are the ones not likely to of educational software, however, re are cost avoidance, dissatisfaction
main firm in their opposition to with earlier purchases, and elimina
have bought it in the first netwoiking. tion of possible damage some disk
In a sense then, using software in a protection schemes inflict on certain
place. But for free, they multi-user system may not seem expensive disk drives. (All that chat
much different from borrowing a book tering you hear when loading certain
can't resist the temptation." or record from your library. Rut since programs is the drive's read/write
it's the publisher that determines the head frantically rechecking errors or
Vic Schiller of Tlmeworfcs: Game publishers are
limitations of the license (you oithor searching for non-existent tracks.)
taking a beating.
POWERPLAY 77
wicro-W, the company famous for its he felt after finding his unprotected
telecommunications programs posted
Clone Machine copy program, readily on a West Coast electronic bulletin

board. After he took legal action to
admits it is scorned by other software have them removed, his later releases
were copy protected,
publishers. That, in turn, led to customers

complaining they were being unfairly
penalized for the actions of an incon
siderate few They wanted backup
capability, and they objected to wait
Stick and Stones ing for replacement disks when the
Lou Ploch, the much maligned presi original was accidentally damaged.
dent of Micro-W, the Butlor, New Jer Businesses were especially irritated
sey, firm famous for its Clone Ma by restrictive copy protection
chine copy program, readily admits schemes.
that his firm is scorned by other soft Facing lost sales in a condemned
ware publishers. whether-you-do-or-you-don't scenar
For all the many insults, Lou and io, Microtechnic Solutions has again
Micro-W have withstood, he insists reversed its policy, and its latest re
they are simply providing a needed, leases, Smart Terminal 64 and Sixth
Micro-W's Lou Ploch: "No one scorns Xerox or
perfectly legitimate service. "Sure," Sense, are unprotected.
makers of video cassette recorders, and they eilst
he observes, "you can always obtain Today, tired from racing to keep
primarily to make copies."
replacement disks from the vendor for ahead of the cloning programs, and
a small fee, but what happens when bootlegger. He emphasizes that Clone responding to increasing pressure
the vendor is bankrupt or has disap Machine, or for that matter any com from users, Microtechmc Solutions
peared, then what do you do?" mercial copy program, )ust isn't suit prefers to concentrate on research
He sees his product as the electron able for that kind of use—it simply and development efforts to improve
ic equivalent of a photocopy machine. takes too long to make dozens or hun their product. And even resigning
Says Ploch, "No one scorns Xerox, or dreds of copies. themselves to some inevitable losses,
the makers of video cassette record Paradoxically, Micro-W also pub they've charted a tentative course of
ers, and they exist primarily to make lishes "legitimate" software and it is consumer trust.
copies."
He feels the greatest threat to soft
ware publishers is not the occasional
copier, who usually makes ]ust one or
two copies for archiving or exchang
utwicrotechnic
ing with friends, but the wholesale Solutions found their
unprotected
telecommunications
program posted on a
West Coast electronic
Disk Drive Silencer bulletin board.
Joe O'Hara, Microtechnic Solutions' president:
Caught in the crossfire.
Some heavily protected software

raises considerable havoc with disk copy protected. 1 asked Ploch if he O'Hara's reasoning is simple
drives, To minimize all the grinding wasn't being a hypocrite. He replied "Disk copy programs." he says, "are
that most of the software is just pub abundant, cheap, and sophisticated
and chattering, type in this short BA
SIC program:
lished, not written, by Micro-W, and Those users who will copy a program
10 OPEN 15,8,15
it is the authors' wishes that the soft will likely do it whether or not it's
ware be protected, not his. protected."
20 PRINT #15,"M-W".CHRS(106)
And so it goes. Eacli faction in the
CHR$(0)CHR$(l)CHR$(133)
30 CLOSE 15 Try and Try Again fracas—publishers, users, hacker,
RUN Microtechnic Solutions' president, and pirate—sees the issue from their
When the READY prompt appears, Joo O'Hara, is a man caught in a own perspective.
load your disk according to the pro crossfire. He, like numerous small Will these issues ever be reconciled
publishers, is being pulled in two di and resolved? While I hope so, I also
gram's instructions. Most, if not all, of
rections at once. doubt it. For the foreseeable future,
the head's forced repositioning will
be eliminated. g He remains calm while recalling we're all fixed players in an endless
the frustrations and disappointment game of hide and seek Q
ADAPSO Brief
suits against other companies are be
ing considered, as well.
by Cheryl Peterson As a final measure in protecting the
rights of software vendors and au
thors. ADAPSO is sponsoring confer
ences to standardize a hardware key
system that will make illegal copies of
software unusable. By attaching a key
ring to an RS-232 port (commonly
found on most microcomputers), it's
possible to create a so ftware/hard
ware combination that won't work
without a proper key inserted into the
key ring. The vendor markets the key,
the software, documentation and
support as a package.
There are several steps to be taken
and a few hurdles to be overcome
before such a Software Authorization
System can be implemented. A stan
dard must be developed, so that one
David Sturtevant of ADAPSO. software company's software and key
won't interfere with another's. By
ADAPSO. the Association of Data careful planning in the early stages,
Processing Service Organizations, the system can be set up so that
has started a campaign to cut down many different software packages can
□n software piracy among business be run simultaneously, the software
users. A four-point plan developed by can be run from any drive within a
the group would curtail theft by edu computer system and will function
cating the public about the issue, by properly when run on a multi-user
sponsoring legislation to help protect system.
the interests of software vendors, by David Sturtevant, senior director of

helping software companies in law Public Communications for ADAPSO.
suits against copyright infringers and explained the organization's goals.
license-agreement violators, and by "Our purpose is to bring the vendors
standardizing a hardware method of and users together to create a system
software protection. ceiving and opening a software pack where good software can flourish and
As part of their educational pro age, the purchaser becomes bound the users will continue to get good
gram, ADAPSO is seeking member by the terms of the license. Such li products at reasonable prices. We
corporations who will distribute pam censes, however, have not been ade don't want to inconvenience users
phlets (supplied by ADAPSO] to their quately validated in a court of law unnecessarily, but we don't want
employees who use computers. This is partially because copyright in software companies going bankrupt
These pamphlets, entitled "Thou fringement suits are seldom brought because of stolen inventory."
Shalt Not Dupe," define piracy and in the software business When cases "A similar situation threatened the
outline a company policy opposed to are filed, the offending company will retail industry a few years back. Sho
copying or illegally using software. A generally settle out of court Several plifting was eating into profits so bad
policy statement in the back of the state legislatures are considering - ly that some companies (eared for
pamphlet serves as both a guide and laws to help protect software vendors their financial life. Now shoppers are
warning to employees, emphasizing and ADAPSO members are lobbying used to seeing locks on display cases,
that violations of U.S. copyright law to help this effort. plastic tags that must be removed be
can result in civil fines of $50,000 or In relation Co this. ADAPSO has fore clothes can be taken from a store,
more and can lead to imprisonment if joined with MicroPro International even fur coats chained to the racks.
criminal charges are upheld. Corporation in bringing a lawsuit There's a small amount of inconve
ADAPSO's members are also lob against Wilson Jones Company and nience for the buyer; a large inconve
bying for stronger protection of soft its parent company American Brands, nience for the thief."
ware via the copyright laws and Inc., for copyright and trademark in For more information on ADAPSO,
through stricter enforcement of li fringements. Wilson Jones allegedly the software piracy problem, the Soft
censing agreements. As it stands copied and distributed bootleg copies ware Authorization System, or to ob
now. in-package licensing agree of WordStar. MailMerge and SpetlStai tain copies of "Thou Shalt Not Dupe,"
ments ace understood by the software among its employees and to others contact
companies to have the same validity outside the company. In asking for ADAPSO
as any other contract signed by two damages from a Fortune 100 com Suite 300, 1300 North 17th Street
parties. These "shrink-wrap li pany, ADAPSO hopes to focus media Arlington, VA 22209
censes" usually state that upon re attention on the problem. Similar law or phone: (703)522-5055
POWERPUW 79
A Buyer's
called telecomputing—the terms can
be used interchangeably. The impor
tant thing to remember is that the
modem provides the hardware link
necessary to access other computers.
It acts as a "passport" into a new
universe that's chock full of informa
Guide To
tion.
In this new universe, you'll be able
to access information from data
bases, get the latest stock prices,
check airline schedules, send and re
ceive electronic mail (E-mail), make
Modems And
purchases from merchants offering
"shop-by-computor" services, do
your banking, or go to school. If you're
an "electronic cottager," then you
can even go to work via a modem'
Telecomputing also allows you to
exchange ideas, information, and pro
Terminal
grams with other computer users
through the computer itself. You can
access bulletin board systems (BBS's)
and post or read messages, buy or sell
items through the "electronic classi
fieds," or "chat" with the SYSOP
Software
(systems operator). Local user groups
frequently operate free BBS's, and
these are not only fun but also a great
source of computing information for
the novice. Often they're also a
source for getting the phone numbers
BYTOMBENFORD of other bulletin boards around the
T, he ability of a computer to trans the most from your modem Also,

country.
In addition to making the entire
mit data to and receive data from oth some of the software discussed here world accessible by computer, mo
er computers is dependent on two offers other features, such as word dems have also served to make com
factors—one is hardware, Lhe other is processing, in addition to communi puting a social event similar in some
software. cations capability. ways to CB or ham radio. There are all
Modems take care of the hardware Regardless of which modem/ter kinds of bulletin board systems out
end—the actual physical linking of minal package you decide upon, there offering all kinds of activities
the computer to a telephone line. you'll find that there's a whole new and services—games, information
Here, we cover what a modem is, world of computing out there waiting downloading, program exchanging,
what it does, and what features are for you—one that's sure to provide even dating or match-making ser
desirable to have in a modem. Five of you with many hours of fun and en vices to help you meet people of simi
the most popular Commodore-com richment. Enjoy it—it's only a phone lar interests.
patible modems are also reviewed, call awayi But modems are what make it all
and a comparison chart of their fea possible. Modems have changed
tures is included computing from a solitary activity to
Terminal programs provide the
necessary settings and controls to ac Modems an interactive one. Some experts in
the field of telecommunications have
called modems the most significant
tivate the otherwise dead modem. A modem is a device that takes
The terminal software section o( this data signals from your computer and advance in communications since the
article explains what is necessary to modulates them into a form that can invention of the printing press.
accomplish this, discusses user- be transmitted to other computers Choosing a modem for your com
fnendliness, and lists desirable con over ordinary telephone lines. Like puter isn't easy. There are many
venience features. Ten of the most wise, the modem can also receive available, and their prices vary ac
popular (and unique) terminal pro data from other computers and de cording to their features. Some fea
grams are reviewed, and a feature- modulate it, Since the modem can tures aro highly desirable, and you
comparison chart is also included. MOdulate and DEModulate data sig should look for them when shopping
While all the modems covered here nals, the name modem evolved. for a modem, since they'll make your
come with some sort of terminal soft Using a modem allows your com telecomputing more enjoyable and ef
ware, it
ware, it is
is orten
often desirable
desirable to
to purchase
purchase puter to
to telecommunicate witn
with other
other ficient. Let's take a look at these fea
a separate terminal program to get computers. This practice is also tures.
BO AUGUSTSEPIEMBER'85
Modem
Types
Modems arc available in two gen
eral types: acoustic or direct-connect.
Acoustic modems were ihe first type
available, and they are still widely
used for some applications in the
business world. While direct-connect
modems ate much more popular with
home computensts. acoustic mo
derns are still being used for some
homo applications,
The acoustic modems have a "cra
dle" with rubber cups on each end.
The telephone handset is placed into
this cradle after a connection has
been established, and data signals
are transmitted and received through
the telephone handset. These mo
dems are called acoustic because
they rely on sound going into and
coming out of the telephone handset.
They're particularly susceptible to
noise, both in the room and on the
telephone lines, so they aren't too reli
able for home telecomputing. Busi
nesses often use isolated data-trans
mission phone lines and acoustic
enclosures for their acoustic modems.
Direct-connect modems are the
clear favorite for home computing
since they're relatively inexpensive
and very reliable. As the name indi
cates, the modem is directly connect
s
ed to the phone line without involving
use of the telephone handset. Some
direct-connect modems require that 'ome experts in the field of telecommunica
you unplug the wire from the phone
and plug it into the modem when you tions have called modems the most significant
wish to telecommunicate. Others al
low both the phone and the modem to
advance in communications since the invention
be connected to the phone line; these of the printing press.
provide a switch that lets you either
talk or telecommunicate data. Be
Useful
cause this feature allows both the RS-232 modems require the use of a
phone and modem to be connected Commodore 1011-A or other RS-232
without your having to plug and un interface. RS-232 modems are usually
Features
plug cables, it is a highly desirable more expensive than the plug-in vari
one. ety, and you'll also have to purchase
an RS-232 interface to use them. RS- Here are several useful features
232 modems are "generic"—they will that will facilitate your telecomput
The Computer
work with just about any computer, ing. While they are not absolutely
provided an RS-232 port or interface necessary, they do make telecomput
is available, and they usually have ing easier and usually don't add sig
Connection high-speed data-exchange rates

(baud rates). Since there is such a
nificantly to the price.
A voice/data switch allows you to
How the modem connects to the large variety of RS-232 modems and select either a "talk" mode for normal
computer should be another purchas they require additional interfaces, phone conversations or a "data "
ing consideration. Plug-in modems we'll devote our attention to the mode for telecomputing. This switch
simply plug into the user port of the simpler and more popular Commo eliminates cable swapping between
VIC. Commodore 64. SX-64 or Plus/4. dore-dedicated plug-in variety. the phone and modem.
POWERPLAY 81
Price
Modems are available in prices that
range from under $50 to several hun
dred dollars depending on their fea
tures and manufacturer. Your wallet
is the deciding factor on how much
you want to spend, and having a clear
idea of what you intend to do with the
modem will help you find the best
model in your price range.
If you won't be doing much tele
computing (less than one hour a
month), you probably won't mind the
minor inconvenience of unplugging
the telephone to connect the modem.
For such light-duty use, you can skip
some of the fancier features and shop
for low price. Bear in mind, however,
that you may increase your telecom
y
puting activities in the future, and
you'll miss these desirable conve
our wallet is the deciding factor on how much nience features as your modem use
you want to spend, and having a clear idea of

increases.
If you intend to be spending a rea

what you intend to do with the modem will help sonable amount of time on-line, you'll
want a modem that provides you with
you find the best model in your price range. all or most of the desirable features
I've outlined above. Having these ex
An originate/answer switch per other computer is not set up to echo tra features doesn't hurt, and often
mits you to select whether you wish yout signals, you use half duplex the difference in price between a
to call another computer (originate), mode This mode echoes itself to the bare-bones modem and one that pro
or have your computer answer calls screen so you can see what you're vides you with some (or all) of these
coming in from other computers (an sending over the modem. Otherwise, conveniences is only a few dollars.
swer). Modems emit a tone called a you would not be able to see what Regardless of how spartan or full-
"carrier" signal when in the answer you're typing. Having a switch to se featured your modem choice is, shop
mode, but in the originate mode they lect either full or half duplex mode is a ■ around and compare prices. High-vol
remain quiet until they detect a carri very helpful feature to have. ume distributors, mail-order maga
er. This switch provides easy selec Indicator lights are useful for moni zine ads. and discount chains are of
tion of calling or answering capabili toring the operation of the modem ten good places to start on your
ties. An indicator light to confirm that the modem bargain hunt.
A full/half duplex switch allows you established phone connection is sta Let's look at five of the most popu
to match the requirements of the ble is a desirable feature. Some mo lar modems that will work with the
computer at the other end of the dems have more than one light to in VIC, Commodore 64 and Plus/4. All of
phone. Some computer systems re dicate various modes such as them, with the exception of the 1650
ceive information, copy it immediate voice/data or originate/answer. These AutoModem, will work with the SX-
ly and send it back to you (sort of an indicators keep you posted on the sta 64 as well (the SX-64 power cord gets
"electronic echo") to confirm that tus of your modem, and, while not in the way of the 1650 ) The five mo
your information was received. This essential, they are nice to have. dems reviewed here have undergone
is called a full duplex system. If the actual hands-on testing, and they re-
Table 1. Modem Comparison
Supporting Indicator Suggested Baud
Modem Manufacturer Address Software Connection Light Ptice Special Features Rate
Mitey Computer Devices l345DoolittleDr Disk and Plug-in No SU995 300

Mo International Sanleandro. CA 94577 Tope
MPP-1064 Microbils Peripheral 3615 Pacilic Blvd. SW CoDie Ves {3) S99.95 Separate power 300
Pioducls Albany. OR 9732! supply
Auto-Prinl Micro peripheral 2565 152nd five NE Disk Yes (3) S149.95 Ditbci printer 300
Microconnection Corporation Redmond, WA 98052 cable
1650 Commodore 1200 Wilson Dr. Tope Plug-in Yes(l) S69 95 300
Auto Modem Business Machines West Chester, PA 19380
Modem/300 Commodore 1200 Wilson Dr Disk Plug-in No SI 19 95 Bui II-in speaker 300
Business Machines Wesl Chester, PA 19380
82 AUGUST/SEPTEMBERS
present good values in performance,
T,
reliability, and price.
MlTEY MO
here's a whole new
The Mitey Mo is a compact unit

world of computing out
from Computer Devices International there waiting for you—
that plugs into the user port of the
computer. It has a voice/data switch one that's sure to provide
for selecting modes, and it permits
you with many hours
the phone and modem to be connect
ed at all times. This modem doesn't of fun and enrichment.
have indicator lights, duplex mode
selection, or answer/originate switch
es, but it's a solid unit that performs
well. It is supplied with terminal soft
ware on both tape and disk.
MPP-1064
The 1064 Modem from Microbits
Peripheral Products is a full-featured
modem allowing the phone to be con
nected with the modem at all times. It
has automatic answer capabilities,
which make it ideal for use as the
"host" of a bulletin board system
Three indicator lights on the 1064
alert the user to the modem's status:
on/off {off allows a human to answer
the phone), off hook (indicates the
modem has answered a call), and ear
lier detect (indicates that the 1064 fair amount of telecomputing. On the 1650 AutoModem in stock. It's a very
has successfully linked with another plus side, however, is the inclusion of reliable unit with a good assortment
modem and it is ready for communi a parallel printer cable which con of features.
cation). The 1064 connects to the user nects the modem directly to a line
port through a cable, and its large size printer. This provides a fast means of
allows the phone to sit on top of the
modem. It comes with its own trans
dumping data directly to the printer
as it comes in over the modem. Disk- Commodore
former for power, the only one cov based terminal software is supplied
ered here which requires a separate
power source. VIP terminal software
with the Auto-Print.
Modem/300
Commodore
is supplied on disk with the 1064.
"The Modem/300 (Model 1660) is an
auto-dial/auto-answer modem that
auto-print
has voice/data selection and full/half
1650
duplex selection built into its terminal
software. Unlike many other modems,
Micro-
you can use the Modem/300 with
AUTOMODEM
both Touch Tone and rotary tele
phones A switch is provided to select
The 1650 produced by Commodore answer or originate modes. This com
connection has been a long-time favorite with pact unit also works with the SX-64
The Auto-Prini Microconnection Commodore users because it com computer in addition to the VIC, 64
from the Micropenpheral Corporation bines some very desirable features and Plus/4. A unique feature of the
is a rugged unit that connects via a with a reasonable price. It allows the Modem/300 is its built-m speaker
cable to the user port Three indicator telephone to stay connected at all which allows you to audibly monitor
lights are provided to inform you of times, it has a voice/data selector its automatic dialing functions. It
the modem's status. The modem also switch, an answer/originate switch, comes with HiggyTerm terminal soft
has originate/answer and data/voice and a full/half duplex selector switch. ware on disk, which allows you to
switches In addition to a "hand A red LED indicates when a connec upload and download text files, and,
shake" switch for establishing com tion has been established, and the like its older brother (the 1650). it's
munication between modems. modem has auto-dial/auto-answer ca very reliable.
One drawback is that the telephone pabilities as well. Though it has been Table 1 is provided to supply you
handset must be unplugged to con upgraded to the Modem/300 (Model with the "facts at a glance," so you
nect the Auto-Print. This is some 1660) in Commodore's product line, can compare the various features of
what of an inconvenience if you do a many dealers and stores still have the these five modems more easily.
POWERPUW 83
Some of the better terminal programs even
allow you to store a telephone directory of
Software
Regardless" of which modem you
numbers you call frequently, their protocols,
choose, terniinal software is required and your log-on information, such as I.D.
for the modem to communicate. The
terminal program opens up communi number and password. These capabilities are
cations channels and enables the mo
dem to "do its thing" properly. Each great time savers and highly desirable features
of the modems I've covered here
comes with some form of terminal to consider when purchasing a terminal
software. However, there are also ter
program.
minal programs available from third-
party manufacturers that will work
with the modems we've discussed
here.
In order for two computers to com
municate with each other, they must
be sending and receiving data m a (7 or 8), insert line feed signals if nec Some facility for sending data di
form that is mutually understandable essary, format the screen so the infor rectly to the printer either from the
to both. A standard code for transmit mation you receive will be readable in screen, buffer memory or disk should
ting and receiving data has been es 40 columns without breaking words also be included in the program. Look
tablished called ASCII (American at awkward places, and a host of oth for such a feature as well, since it
Standard Code for Information Inter er chores. The terminal program has enhances the usefulness of the termi
change). Commodore computers use to take care of all this, and that's only nal software.
a variation of ASCII known as PETS- the beginning. A good terminal program ideally
CII. Converting PETSCII to ASCII for The ability to transmit text, data or will handle all of these tasks and allow
transmitting data and reversing the program files from disk or cassette is for altering protocol parameters Pro
conversion for receiving it constitutes called uploading, and receiving such tocol parameters are signal settings
one of the many jobs a terminal pro files and storing them is known as for the transmission and reception of
gram for Commodore computers must downloading. Uploading and down data between different computers.
perform. loading require special routines writ Not all computers use the same proto
In addition to the PETSCII-ASCII ten into the terminal software. cols, so the ability to alter the default
conversions, the terminal program Capturing and storing received parameter settings enables you to
must also open up data channels to data in "buffer" memory is another conlorm to different computers at the
the user port, printer, and disk or cas task handled by the terminal soft other end of the phone The better
sette ports. It also has to take care of ware. Some means of capturing and terminal programs store this protocol
details-like setting up the data trans storing information is highly desirable information for future use. along with
mission protocols. These are param in a terminal program, since it allows the phone number of the computer it
eters that govern how many bits per you to keep your on-line costs to a pertains to. This is a very handy fea
second (called the baud rate) are minimum. Once the information is ture since it eliminates the need to
transmitted or received and how stored to disk or cassette, you can manually enter it each time you call
many bits are used in the data signal read it over at your leisure. that computer system.
Table 2. Terminal Software Comparison

Change Saves Clock/ Dlsk/Pmtr Upload
Program Name Publisher Medium Paroms. Changes Alorm Timer Dumps Dwnload Special Features
Smart 64 Terminal Microtechnic S. DSr Ves Ves Yes Yes Both Yes Transfers Progrom Files
Sixth Sense MicrotechmcS. Disk Yes Ves Yes Yes Both Yes Micro Commands
VIP Terminal Sort law Inc Disk ves Yes Yes Yes Both Ves Icons, Help Screens
Supeierm Midwest Micro Disk Yes Ves Yes Yes Both Yes Smart Cart & Cable
Telslar 64 Eastern House Cart. Yes Ves Yes Yes Both Yes Dir Prgm. Downloads
'64 Terminal Midwest Micro Disk Yes Ves No No Pmtr Mo None
Higgyterm Commodore Disk Yes Yes No Yes Both Yes 40.597 Char. Buffer
Upload/Download Programs
Busiterm Skyles Cart. Yes Yes No Ves Bold Yes Dir. Prgm. Downloads
Homepak Batteries Included Disk Yes Yes No Ves Bolh Yes Word Proc /DatoMse
Skiwriter II P/ent:ce-Holl Carl. Yes No No Ves Bolh Yes Ward Processor Prgm
phone directory of numbers you ce
Terminal squently, their protocols, and your

Gg-on information, such as I.D. num
ber and password. These capabilities
So ftware rare great time savers and highly de

sirable features to consider when pur
chasing a terminal program.
Publishers Most good terminal programs can

send or receive text files. Program
files are another matter, though, since
they require special handling. The
better terminal programs provide
some means to convert program (or
"image") files into text files for trans
mission or reception, and a way to
translate them back into program files
from the text form.
Smart 64 Terminal & Sixth Sense Ter VIP Terminal Program Some of the better terminal pro
minal Programs Softlaw, !nc grams have macio command capa
Microtechnic Solutions 9072 Lyndale Avenue South bilities, which allow a predetermined
P.O. Box 2940 Minneapolis, MN 55420 set of instructions to be executed.
New Haven, CT 06515 Macro commands can handle tele
communications in an unattended
'64 Terminal & Superterm Terminal BusiTerm Terminal Program mode, post messages for other callers
Programs Skyles Electric Works to read, do conversions or translations
Midwest Micro, Inc. 231E South Whisman Road to downloaded programs automatical
311 West 72nd Street Mountain View, CA 94041 ly, and so forth. They are very handy
Kansas City, MO 64114 to have, especially if you're into pro
gram swapping via the modem.
Homepak Terminal, Word Processing SkiWrirer II Word processor/Terminal You'll probably want to save certain
& Database Program Program portions of received data while disre
Batteries Included Prentice-Hall garding the rest (log-on greetings, for
30 Mural Street P.O. Box 819 instance). Some means of editing re
Richmond Hill. Ontario. Canada Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 ceived data while still in buffer mem
MB 1B5 ory prior to saving or printing it is,
therefore, a very useful feature Edit
Telstar 64 Terminal Program HiggyTerm Terminal Program ing facilities differ from program to
Eastern House Software Commodore Business Machines program, but almost all of them offer it
3239 Linda Drive 1200 Wilson Drive to some degree.
Winston-Salem. NC 27106 West Chester. PA 19380 Terminal software comes on cas
sette, disk or cartridge. Cassette-
based software is cheap, but it is very
A terminal program should be fairly feature of a terminal program. The slow. Cartridges are convenient and
easy to use. Menus or command sum better ones have a clock which dis load instantly, but they generally cost
mary screens are helpful, as are key plays the elapsed time since going a bit more. Terminal software on disk
board templates or overlays. Cheat on-line. The best terminal programs is relatively fast and the prices vary
sheet Products offers templates for provide you with an audible alarm to depending on the number of features
four popular terminal programs: Vid- inform you when a predetermined included.
Tex, Tetm64, VIP Terminal and the time has been reached. Any clock or Some programs offer extra "hard
Smart Terminal. They're available timer is better than none, and an ware goodies" as options. For exam
from Cheatsheet Products, P.O. Box alarm timer is best ple, SupcrTcrm offers a "smart AS
111368, Pittsburgh, PA 15238. (412) Many modems will support auto CII" cartridge and cable which allows
781-1551 for S3.95 each matic dialing if the software has this dumping information directly to a
Good documentation that clearly feature. While auto-dialing is good, parallel printer as it streams in over
explains the features and operations auto-dialing with automatic re-dial- the modem Your needs and wallet
of the program is always a feature to mg is even better, since it will keep will dictate whether such options are
consider. Some programs have the trying a busy BBS number at regular for you.
documentation on disk, while others intervals until it establishes a connec Table 2 compares ten popular ter
supply a manual with the software. In tion. It sure beats dialing the same minal programs. These ten were se
either form, it should be clear and number manually over and over lected because of their features,
easy to understand. again, so this is a really good feature uniqueness, and reliable perfor
Going on-line can get to be expen to have. mance. Each represents a good value.
sive, so having some means of keep Some of the better terminal pro and there's something for everyone
ing track of the time is another helpful grams even allow you to store a tele covered in this table. q
POWERPLAV 85
Many of us dream of the day when
personal robots will be as common as
OPERATION:
personal computers. Just imagine a
A
by John E. Conway
computer-controlled machine that re
sponds to "master's" every beck and
call. Sound farfetched' Well, such a nyone can build an entertaining and
device may be closer than you think. educational turtle robot from toy
In fact, it's so easy to construct a
robot from toy store and hobby shop store component parts. This one can
parts, you may wonder why you
hadn't built one sooner In all fairness,
be controlled by your Commodore 64.
our "homebrew" robot does not wash
dishes or windows. It can't even
vacuum the rug or walk the dog.
However, it does make an interesting
electro-mechanical pet and playmate,
and it might actually teach you a
thing or two.
The robot selected for this article is
of the turtle variety. Turtle robots
trace their origin to the development
of the LOGO language at the Massa
chusetts Institute of Technology. In
LOGO, the cursor displayed on the
video screen has the shape of a little
triangle called a "turtle." In advanced
versions of LOGO, a two-wheeled,
hemiHpherical turtle robot is connect
ed to the computer. The computer
acts as the "brain" of the robot wink,1
the robot acts as a "real world" exten
sion of the computer. Equipped with
a computer-controlled pen, some tur
tles can also serve as a simple printer/
plotter peripheral.
The turtle is a good first robot for a
variety of reasons, chief of them being
simplicity of design. As shown in Fig
ure 1, the unique two-motor/two-
wheeled drive provides both traction
(forward and reverse motion) and
steering (turning motion). This allows Figure 2. Capsela Toy Construction Set
the little machine to turn in its own
space—a necessity for graphics, Fi The Modular Mock turtle required only four Capsela func
nally, the turtle is small and Turtle tion modules (two each: motors, gear
lightweight. Thus, it uses little ener Operation: Mock Turtle begins with boxes), two large wheels and a sup
gy. In fact, with intermittent oper the construction of the turtle itself. To port bracket to hold the control wires.
ation, a turtle can run off of a set of keep things simple, you can easily Total cost? Under $15 00 Construc
ponlight batteries for hours. All of build the device from such widely tion time? Less than two minutes!
these factors combine to make the available toy construction kits such as More or less elaborate designs could
turtle ideal for connecting to comput Erector. Fisher-Techmk or Capsela be just as easily fabricated, so experi
ers like the Commodore 64. (Figure 2). As shown in Figure 3, our ment.
floin Wnaels Forward Figure 1. Turtle Dynamics Left Wheel fgrword
Right Wnaal Reverse

Turns Turns 1
LBimneoi Reverse1
Rig hi Wheel Forward
' Turtle Turns let)
MOCK
nately, there's a catch. The CIA ele
ment does not have the strength re
quired to control a motor directly. It
requires a "buffer." A buffer is a gad
get that plugs into the user port and
fURTU
boosts the strength of the port pins.
With a buffer, the 64 can easily handle
the energy requirements of the tur
tle's motors. Buffers are available from
a number of sources and at reason
able cost (see page 90.). They are an
excellent accessory to add to your bag
of 64 widgets. Since a buffer is a rela
tively easy device to build, exper
ienced electronic hobbyists might try
it themselves.
This "homebrew"
robot does not
wash dishes or
vacuum the rug.
It does, however,
make an inter
esting electro
mechanical pet.
And it might teach
Figure 3. Capsela Parts Required
you a thing or two.
of the output capabilities of these
I/O, I/O, A Turtle Soon pins. Figure 5 provides the schematic
We'll Grow In theory, the Commodore 64 could diagram and parts list for a simple
The user port of the 64 serves well as control the two motors in the turtle buffer suitable for use with the mock
the computer/robot connection point, directly. One user port pin would turn turtle All of the parts can be pur
Since previous issues of Commodore the right motor on or off. another chased for under $20 new. If surplus
Power/Play and Commodore Micro would control the !eft motor. Unfortu- parts are substituted, the price could
computers have extensively covered fall substantially This buffer is relay-
the use of this port, we'll just review based, which means the state of the
the basics. 64 user port pins causes a relay (an
As shown In Figure 4, the micro electromechanical switch) to open or
computer heart of the 64 talks to the close. This controls the turtle's mo
outside world through circuit ele tors. Figure 6 describes the action. As
ments known as Complex Interface shown, the microcomputer (a) within
Adapters (CIA) The user port is di the 64 instructs the CIA (b) to turn on
rectly connected to one of these ele or off the appropriate pin in the user
ments. The user port makes 24 of the port. The user port pin (c) drives small
CIA connection points available to transistors (d) in the buffer The tran
the experimenter. Each connection sistors drive two relays (e) that supply
point or "pin" of the user port offers a the power to the turtle motors and
particular function The Mock Turtle two relays (f) for the polarity of the
makes use of just six of these pins, power source.
specifically pins C to F for control Please Note: Experienced electron

(PBO to PB3) and pins 1 and 2 for ic hobbyists should have little difficul
ground and +5V respectively. The 64 ty constructing this buffer Follow the
can switch pins C through F on or off schematic carefully. Make certain to
(output) or can use them to detect the connect the little "freewheel" diodes
state (on or off) of a switch or signal across the coils of the relay. Failure to
Figure 4. CPU Connection to Real do so could result in voltage spike
(input) outside the computer itself.
For now, our turtle will only make use
World damage to your user port CIA. If you
POWERPLAV 87
■ v
CONHECIOfi
have any doubts concerning your cir

cuit construction capabilities, it is
recommended that you purchase one
of the commercially-available buffer
circuits discussed above.
The entire circuit wilt easily fit onto
a single solderless experimenter's
board. So this is perhaps the best way
to build the project. These boards are
available from Radio Shack or from
Continental Specialities Corporation,
Box 1942, New Haven, CT, 06509
Along with the board you'll also need
a pair of wire strippers, a pair of diag
onal wire cutters and a spool of sin
gle-strand wire (22 gauge or so). In Figure 5. Buffer Schematics
sert the components into the board

sockets then connect them as shown
in the schematic of Figure 5. Compo
numbers 0 to 15. From this table, one sequence. The Commodore 64 depos
nent placement is not critical, just
can assemble the control sequence its one final surprise on the unwary
keep things neat and compact. For a
for the turtle. Table II presents the I/O programmer. The user port pins
more permanent circuit, the project
can be solder-constructed on a single, Table I. Binary Equivalents
copper-clad "perf" board, also avail Parts List
TABLE I
able from Radio Shack.
Buffer
Pokey Software 0 OOOO R, thru R, —3.3KQ (Radio

1 0 0 0 1 Shack)
Software remains as the final ingredi
-1KQ (Radio
ent for the homebrewed robot. Since 2 0 0 10
Shack)
the turtle is "driven" via the user 0 0 11
3 R(i —25011 (Radio
port, the software consists of user
4 0 10 0 Shack)
port control routines. Thanks to the
0 10 1 Q, - Oi —2N2222 (Radio
simplicity of the Commodore 64's de 5
Shack)
sign, nothing could be easier Direc 6 0 110
REL 1 & 3 —0MR0N SPDT Z100-
tion control (input or output) of the
7 0 111 ND (Digi-Key)
user port resides at address 56579. A
POKE 56579, 255 sets all port pins to 8 10 0 0 REL 2 & 4 —0MR0N DPDT Z115-
9 0 O 1 ND (Digi-Kcy)
outputs. (See the Commodore 64 Pro
Ct -(Connector) - TI# Cl-12
grammer's Reference Guide, pages 10 0 I 0
359 to 362 for further details.) Address Dj - O, - IN 4148 (Radio
11 0 1 1
56577 is the location for selecting the Shack)
12 1 0 O - Source Address -
on/off status of the user port pins. To
manipulate the on/off state of the port
13 1 0 I Relays & Connector
14 1 1 0 Digi-Key Corporation, Box 677,
pins, simply poke the appropriate
Thief Falls, MN 56701
number to this address. For example: 15 1 1 1
1-800-344-4539
POKE 56577,0—Turns off all the
port pins. O = OFF = ON Alt Else
POKE 56577,1—Turns on pin C Radio Shack (Stores Nationwide)
Table II. Command Sequence
(PBO) but leaves
Parameters
ail other pins off.
POKE 56577,2—Turns on pin D Table II - Command Sequence Parameters
(PB1) but leaves
all other pins off Relay Settings Turtle
POKE #
POKE 56577,3—Turns on pins C Irl 1 KM 2
Action
■el 4
(PBO) and D (PB1).
In the examples above, all went 0 OFF OFF OFF OFF Stopped
well until number three. Logic would
indicate that a "3" poke would turn 10 ON OFF ON OFF Forward
on pin E (PB2). What went wrong?
Nothmgi Relative to the user port, the 15 ON ON ON ON Reverse
poke operation converts decimal
numbers into their binary equiv 14 ON OFF
ON ON Turn Rt.
alents, so this must be taken'into ac
count. Table I presents a refresher on
1 1 ON OFF ON ON Turn Lft.
the binary equivalents of the decimal
bb
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'apise
IF MEM(A) =0 THEN POKE 36577.0
556 IF MEMIA) =0 THEN PRINT A,"PAUSE"
560 IF MEM(A) = 1 THEN PRINT "FORWARD"
565 IF MEM(A) = 1 THEN POKE 56577,10
570 IF MEMCA) =2 THEN PRINT "BACI-WARD
Figure 6. How the Turtle Conies
575 IF MEM(A) =2 THEN POF'E 56377. 15
580 IF MEM(A) = 14 THEN PRINT "RIGHT11
Together
585 IF MEM(A! = 14 THEN PD\'E 56577, 14
590 IF MEMIA) =8 THEN PRINT "LEFT" USER PORT TRANSISTORS RELAYS MOTOR 1
595 IF MEM(A> =8 THEN POKE 56577.11
600 REM INCREMENT ARRAY VARIABLE
610 A"A+1
620 REM TE5T FOR ARRAY EXHAU5TI0N
621 IF ftnH00 THEN 1000
DKIVE
630 REM LOOF BAD TO FETCH NEW 5TEF
640 GOTO 555
1 000 INPUT "REPLAY - Y=l. N=O":H
1010 IF H=l GOTO 520
PQLAHITT
1 020 IF H=0 GOTO 30
(f) MOTOR 2
P0LAK1TT
DRIVE
supplies power to the buffer, another PIN SIGNAL

to the turtle.
For the first trial run. it's advised
that you elevate the robot so its
wheels do not make contact with the
ground. The little widget moves at a
surprisingly fast clip and can quickly
become quite tangled should some
thing go wrong. Programs 1 and 2
make excellent debug or shakedown
routines. But, with an elevated turtle,
even a hand entered—POKE 56579,
255 plus POKE 56577,(10.11,14,or 15)
works well Once you've becomo sat
isfied that all is well, lower the "beas-
tie" and let 'er rip! As confidence
builds and some of the quirks of the
turtle reveal themselves, go creative
Here are a few suggestions"
• Attach a felt-tip pen to the cen
tral point of the turtle. Using the
joystick/memory program, teach
the robot the letters of the alpha
bet A slight modification to the
program will allow the turtle to
"draw" any letter on command.
Buffer Manufacturers
Those not inclined to roll their own interface buffer can purchase one from
You can store pictures the same
any of several manufacturers.
way
• Set up some cardboard barriers

The Ontologix Division of Knowles and Hazlett (326 Third Avenue. Pitts
burgh, PA 15222. Phone (412) 391-6707) markets a diverse variety of buffers
and play "Maze Cruise " The ob
and buffer software for the 64 with prices starting at $12.95. Ontologix
ject of the game? To be quickest
products are also available from a number of mail order outlets and from
through the maze without
local computer shops.
knocking over any of the bar
Crabapple Systems (118 Commercial Street, Portland, ME 04101; Phone
riers.
(207) 772-8610) offers a line of "Kelp" interface kits. Complete packages,
• Attach a magnet to the front of
the turtle and play "Retrieve the
including hardware, software, cables and instructions, start at $59.95, if
ordered directly.
Paper Clips" (you figure it out).
• Build a paper mache cover to
give your creation some "per language packages available. ■ how much fun robotics can be. Now if
sonality." In the process of all of this, you'll we could only cut the control cord and
• Devise a software-to-turtle inter develop a new understanding of com build an untethered "house rover."
face to any of the several LOGO puter I/O control and discover ]ust Ah ... but that's another story Q
90 AUGUST'SEPTEMBER 85
For Business, Doctor's and Home Phones
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every fi() seconds, up to 14 times. Keeps
TOU from forgetting to.
3. Digital
g Time Monitor. y
to minutes you are talking, long dis
tance or locally. Keeps 5 minute calls
from going to a hall-hour.
4. Touch Dial Converter. Lets you
Call by touch on rotary dial phone.
5. Works with MCI, Sprint, SBS.
Discount long-distance services work fas
ter, cheaper without installation extras.
8. Hold Button. Puts callers on hold so

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7. Built-in Audio Speaker, an
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10. Error Eraser. Dial a single wrong tomers also get toll-free advice if in original condition anil packages
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<<'< l'li'.n villi- Man l'WI.

unmE PROCRnms HV GARY FIELDS
Force I for the the enemy depot. To win, you must seize it intact. A
destroyed depot is of no use.
Commodore 64 Tank Specifications

U.S. Tank (blue)
it is autumn 1944. War, again, has consumed Western Mobility: Superior to the enemy; six moves for each
Europe. A mixture of fog and darkness conceal the enemy single move.
battle fie Id's terror. Gun Strength: Superior power, reloading and firing
You shift your weight atop the turret of your steel war speed But range is shorter than enemy's.
machine and squint into the mist and darkness. You Armor Thick steel protection; can withstand five
hope to catch a glimpse of the approaching enemy. times as much punishment as an enemy tank.
Above the rumble of your own tank's engines you can Support: None. No artillery support, limited resources,
hear nothing. Scouts are in the darkness searching for a limited fuel supply.
trace of the enemy force They have discovered and Scouts: Twelve scout missions can be launched dur
marked two minefields, but the enemy's position is still ing each one-mile phase. Sometimes the scouts aie
a mystery. helpful. Other times they return no useful information.
Then, as the morning sun cuts through the darkness, Scouting missions consume valuable time and fuel.
four enemy tanks materialize out of the fog. The peace of Supplies:Ammunition and fuel are acquired by pass
the darkness is shattered by the sound of incoming ing through the depot (blue flag with "D"). Once emp
artillery pounding around your ears. Almost helplessly tied, the depot will eventually refill but the tank is limit
you watch as each steel monster turns, aims and fires. ed as to how much ammunition and fuel it can carry. It
Your tank takes two direct hits, but survives. is best to use nearly all ammunition and fuel before
Quickly you go through your drill. Lower the gun. "topping off." Caution: Do not run out of fuel.
FIRE, lower the gun again. FIRE. FIRE, FIRE, elevate,
FIRF, German Panzer (red)
You are lucky You score two direct hits. Your tank is Mobility: The German tanks are slower than the U.S.
damaged, although still fit to fight, but two of the en tank. They will take cautious, calculated moves, know
emy's are reduced to burning hulks ing their strength is in numbers.
Pouring on fuel, you try to evade the enemy's next Gun Strength: The enemy tanks mount a lower cali
salvo. Your engines roar in response as the enemy artil ber gun, but have superior range. This enables them to
lery continues. pound the U.S. tank and depot from a distance. Fortu
Welcome to Force I and good luck! nately, the peripheral vision of the enemy's tanks is
limited, allowing the U.S. tank to (sometimes) outflank
To Begin an enemy tank.
After you have carefully duplicated the program list Aimoi: Thinner than U.S. One direct hit will knock an
ing and saved it, type RUN and press RETURN. The enemy tank out of the battle.
screen will turn red and the title will be displayed. It Support: The enemy tanks are supported by strong
takes about 45 seconds for the game to set up. When the artillery. The primary goal of the artillery is to defend its
game is ready, the screen will turn black and you will own depot and destroy the U.S. depot. But should the
see a blue-tank advancing and firing on four red tanks. U.S. tank hold one position loo long after it has been
To begin, simply wait or press the Fl key. To quit, press spotted by enemy force, it will attract enemy artillery
the F8 key. action.
Scouts: The enemy has no trouble detectiag U.S.
Your Mission minefields. But often the enemy will choose to blast a
Objective: The U.S. objective is to seize six miles of path through those minefields rather than waste time
enemy territory. To do this, you must capture each of working around them. The fact that the player controls
the enemy's depots by occupying the square containing only one tank can work as an advantage. The enemy,
the enemy's depot icon. You may be able to bypass finding it hard to believe the U S force is so small, may
enemy tanks and seize the objective using speed. But if waste time looking for your non-existent support.
you push across enemy territory too quickly, you may Supplies: The enemy normally will have no problem
expose your tank to enemy artillery. Or the enemy may supplying his forces. Even if the enemy destroys his
simply destroy its own depot rather than allow it to fall own depot rather than letting it fall to U.S. forces, the
into your hands. They will normally do this if they be enemy tanks will normally have enough supplies to fight
lieve they have enough tanks on the battlefield to win. until supply lines are re-established.
If you have eliminated all enemy forces, you can sim Damage Report: If you cross over a mine, it will ex
ply "walk" to victory. If you have eliminated most of the plode and damage the underside of your tank. No dam
enemy, you may be able to steal a victory by bypassing age will show from the air, but your damage count will
the opposition and attacking the depot. If you simply try decrease by one. When the U.S. tank is hit by enemy
to outflank all the enemy tanks and seize the enemy fire, the damage is done to the top surface of the tank. It
depot, look out for big trouble. Caution: Do not destroy will show as a burnt gray, which will remain until you
GHITIE PROGRnmS
tW
move your tank again. A direct hit by enemy fire de moves. Another way to detect enemy movement is to
creases, the damage count by one. If the damage count watch the screen. If barbwire disappears, you know an
falls to zero, your tank is unrepairable and the battle lost. enemy tank has passed over it. If an explosion not
After each mile of enemy territory, you are allowed time caused by firing your own gun occurs, it was caused
to repair your tank. A very clever commander might end either by enemy artillery or an enemy tank. (Note: In
the battle with a stronger tank than he began with. (But desperate situations, you may try to use enemy artillery
don't bet on it.) fire to your own advantage. If the enemy artillery is very
heavy and you maneuver near enemy tanks, they may
Screen Display be hit by their own incoming artillery.)
You are given an airplane's view of the battlefield. At The solid barriers, top and bottom, divide each single
the top of the screen is your objective, the enemy's mile of battlefield Neither the enemy nor the U.S. tank
depot, displayed as a red icon. Your own depot is dis can cross these borders unless the objective has been
played as a blue flag with a "D." It is protected on two taken Blasting the borders with artillery fire has no
sides with reinforced concrete. The U.S. tank will be effect other than to waste ammunition.
near the lower edge of the battlefield, displayed in blue. TopRow: The top left corner of the screen keeps track
Depending on the region of Europe in which the of options (MOVE or FIRE), whose turn it is and when
battle takes place, the screen may display a forest, near enemy artillery has fired. The "SCOUTS:" indicates
ly open plains or a mixture of open and wooded areas. how many scout missions are still available.
Trees are displayed as oiango and green circular ob Gun Elev: Indicates at what angle the U.S. tank's gun
jects. It is autumn and the trees are changing color. is elevated. A nine is maximum for maximum range. A
Tanks must pass around trees. However, if need be. one would be point-blank firing. Note: Accuracy de
they can be blasted away. creases as elevation increases. The gun's elevation will
Barbwire is visible. It is composed of the gray, X- automatically be decreased when the tank nears the
shaped objects. Tanks can roll through this barrier. But borders of the battlefield. This is to prevent the program
it does require more fuel to pass through barbwire than from "firing" into the computer's coded memory and
open field damaging it, as well as preventing shots from "wrap
Reinforced concrete bunkers and tank traps are dis ping around" the screen.
played They are gray and have two shapes. From the air Ammo: Displays how many rounds of ammunition the
they appear to be concrete blocks. Tanks must either U.S. tank carries.
blast through or pass around these defenses. Fuel: The maximum fuel the U.S. tank can carry is
The series of white dots is a marked minefield. Other 1,000
hidden minefields may exist. One way to detect hidden Damage. Keeps track of the condition of the U.S. tank.
mines is to send out scouts. If they spot a minefield, The U.S. tank begins with a damage/repair ratio of five,
they will mark it in red. Avoid minefields. Either pass Maximum would bo ten. Below one is considered de
around or blast a path through them. stroyed.
Enemy tanks are not shown until they are close Sq/Mile: Displays the current battlefield screen. You
enough to be spotted by the driver of the U.S. tank. One must seize six miles to win the battle.
way to detect them ahead of time is to send out scouts Count: Keeps track of the number of enemy tanks
When a scout spots an enemy tank, it will be displayed destroyed.
on the screen in red, and will remain visible until it (F7): Scouts: Simply a reminder that pressing the F7
POWERPLAY 93
GflltiE PROGRHmS Force 1
key sends out a scout. Scouts can be sent on missions can move the tank by using four keys
only during the "move" phase of the game. E moves tank North
(F8). Restart: Reminds you to press F8 when you want X moves tank South
to play a now game or quit. S moves tank West
D moves tank East
Game Controls
The U.S. tank can be controlled by either the key Enemy Move: When the upper left corner of the
board or combination of joystick (port 2) and keyboard. screen displays "ENEMY MOVE:" the enemy (comput
er-controlled) moves and fires. Normally the computer
Fire Command {two): When the upper left corner of will move all of its tanks. You may be able to judge the
the screen flashes "FIRE CMD" you can elevate and size of the enemy's force by the amount of time it takes
fire your tank's cannon. To fire, simply press the fire to move When the words "ENEMY MOVE" only flash.
button of your joystick. Using the keyboard, you press you can suspect that you have destroyed most, if not all,
Fl to fire, press F3 to elevate the gun, and press F5 to enemy tanks on this particular battlefield.
lower the gun
Note: there are two "fire" phases to each "move" Stop Action: To pause, hold the SHIFT key down and
phase The time length of the first fire phase is deter press the space bar To continue, press the space bar
mined by how much ammunition the U.S tank is carry again.
ing. The more ammo, the more time to fire The second
fire phase, following the MOVE CMD phase, allows the Winning: To win you must seize all the enemy depots,
tank commander to fire a maximum of four shells. without being destroyed yourself To seize the enemy's
depot, move your tank onto that square. The screen will
U.S. Move Command: When the upper left corner of then change, displaying either the next mile of battle
the screen displays "MOVE CMD:" you can move your field and a new objective or the victory screen. Your
tank—advance, retreat, move to the depot, etc. You are depot will be advanced to the next screen too. Your tank
allowed six moves. If you wish to pass, simply press the will be refueled, using supplies seized at the enemy's
RETURN key. depot. Your tank's damage report will also be increased
To move the tank, press the joystick in the direction by one.
you wish the tank to move. You will hear the engines If you successfully seize all objectives, the victory
speed up and the tank will move. If the move requires screen will be displayed, showing your victory count.
changing the direction in which the tank is headed, you The program will re-display each defeated enemy tank,
must spend one move rotating the tank then each will be fired upon, destroyed and replaced
If you prefer to keep your hands on the keyboard, you with an icon. D
Before typing in this program, read "How to Enter Programs."
Force I rPOKE A1,60:POKE S1,0:POKE W1.129
2 PRINT CHR3(147)CHR$(5):POKE 53281,2 :RETURN'HKLS
:POKE 5328U,2:GOTO 35030'GFIJ 30 TF=1:RP=PEEK(EP):IF RP<33 OR RP>46
3 POKE 53281,1): POKE 532311,0 THEN TF=0'JWTK
:IF X>1 THEN 35y32'FXYI 31 FOR B=l TO TC:IF EP=ET(B)THEN
4 V1=5429G:H1=54273:L1=54272jA1"54277 ET(b)=1944:POKE 1944,34:ED=EU+1
:S1=54278:W1=54276:CC=54272 ;RE=RE-I'MQQH
:SQ=1'IJXU 32 NEXT: IF EP=MT THEN Dit=DR~l
5 112 = 54280: L2 = 54 279 :A2=54284:S2 = 54 235 :GOSUB 150'HOLI
33 GOSUB 25:FOR D1 = 0 TO 50:NEXT
:GE=5'JINW :GOSUri 27:P0KE EP,60:PQKE EC,5
1(1 CH$=CUR$(147) :HS=CHHS(19) :SC=12 :F0R Dl=0 TO 15:NEXT'MFHP
POKE V1,1!j'GBOG 34 GOSUB 28:POKE EP,62:POKB EC,7
22 GOSUB b0:GOSUB 35032'CIGC :F0R Dl=0 TO 70:NEXT1HUIL
23 PRINT" [WHITE] ":GOSUB 30000 35 GOSUB 29:FOR Dl=fl TO 250:NEXT
POKE 1944+CC,2:GOTO lUOO'FUNI :P0KE EP,63:P0KE EC,S
24 POKE Wl,fl:POKE lil,255:POKE LI, 0 :F0R Dl=0 TO 250:NEXT'LESQ
POKE Al,18 0:POKE S1,243:POKE Wl,33 36 POKE EP,32:POKE EC,t)'CKNI
RETURN"HMJO 37 IF RP=46 THEN TF=O:KP=0
25 POKE Wl,0lPOKE HI,0:POKE L1,2U0 :GOTO 34'GOIN
PUKE A1,140:POKE S1,H:POKE Wl,33 38 IF TF=1 AND RP<37 THEN POKE EP,u2
RETURN1HKXO :POKE EC,11:GOTO HUU'IXWR
27 POKE W1,0:POKE H1,12:POKE LI,120 39 POKE t:P,32: POKE EC, L): RETURN ' DLHM
POKE A1,U:POKE S1,U:POKE HI,129 40 FOR D1=S4272 TO 54296;POKE Dl,0
RETURN1HKLQ :NEXT Dl:RETURN'GVTH
28 PUKE W1,130:POKE Hl,2:POKE LI,120 4 5 L%=INT(RND{0)*3}+2:RETURN'GKGK
POKE W1,129:RET'JRN'FBYO 50 GOSUB 40:POKE Vl,2:P0KE H1,0
29 POKE Wl,13fJ:POKE H1,2:POKE LI,2 :POKE Ll,24ff:POKE A1,0'FYBI
94 AUGUST .SEPTEMBER 85
GRIHE PROCRnmS Force 1
51 POKE S1,240:POKE W1,33:RETURN'DNSG PASS"TAB(20)"[F8]@RESTART";'CEGR
52 POKE V1,6:POKE H1,1:FOR D1 = 0 TO 200 1G1 RETURN'BAlJC
:NEXT:FS=FS-5:RETURN1JYPN 2(H) IF PEEK (MT) =33 THEN EP=MT- {GEM0)
55 IF FS<1 THEN FS=0:Y=6:GOSUB 1530 :T%=33'IVWG
:GOSUB 1530:GOSUB 1530'IYJQ 202 IF PEEK(MT)=34 THEN EP=MT+GE:T%=34
56 RETURN'BAQH :GOTO 223'IVQI
60 POKE ET(E),32::POKE ET(E)+CC,0 204 IF PEEK(MT)=35 THEN i!P=MT+ (GE*40)
:RETURN'ETUI :T%=35'IVAK
100 IF DX<1 THEN DX=1:HETURN'FHXY 206 IF PEEK(MT)=36 THEN EP=MT-GE:T%=36
102 IF DY<1 THEN DY=1:RETURN'FHAB :GOTO 223'IVVM
104 IF DX>38 THEN DX=38:RETURN'FJGE 2(19 IF GE>3 THEN L%=INT(RND(0)•2)+1
105 IF DY>16 THEN DY=16:RETURN'FJAF :EP=EP+U-2:GOTO 220MYLS
106 IF MT-UD<1104 THEN 130'ELKG 210 IF GE=3 THEN L%=INT(RND(0) * 2)
107 IF MT+UD>1783 THEN 130'ELUH :EP=EP+L%:GOTO 220'KWJI
108 POKE HT,32:POKE MT+CC,0 220 EC=EP+CC:GOSUB 30:RETURN'EKPC
:MT=MT+UD'FTFL 223 IF GE<3 THEN 220'DGFE
109 IF PEEK(HT)=32 THEN 130'EJTI 224 IF GE=3 THEN L% = INT{HND(0)* 2)
110 IF MT=0B THEN RETURN1EENY +2 IHSJ
112 IF PEEKIMT)*46 THEN EP=MT:EC=MT+CC 225 IF GE>3 THEN GOSUB 45'EFBG
:GOSUB 30:Y=6:GOTO 130'KCRL 227 IF GE>6 THEN L%=INT(RND(0)*5}
116 IF PEEK(MT)=38 THEN FS=FS-6 +1 IMWM
:GOSUB 40:GOSUB 52:Y=Y+2 233 ON L%GOTO 231,232,233,234 235'CVAE
:GOTO 130"LAQO 231 EP=EP+8D:G0T0 22U'DKSE
118 IF PEEK(MT)=42 THEN FS=1000:AM=30 232 EP=EP+40:GOTO 220'DKOF
;GOTO 130'HVLN 233 EP=EP:GOTO 220'CIAF
120 IF PEEK(MT)<>32 THEN HT=MT-UD'HMFE 234 EP=EP-40:GOTO 220'DKPH
122 IF TS=36 THEN DX=DX+1'FJJE 235 EP=EP-80:GOTO 220'DKTI
123 IF TS=33 THEN DV=DY-1'FJJF 300 GOSUB 52:Y=Y+1:IF PEEK(MT)<>36
124 IF TS=34 THEN DX=DX-1'FJIG THEN POKE MT,36:FS=FS-6:TS=35
125 IF TS=35 THEN DY=DY+1'FJKH :RETURN'NFIM
130 POKE MT,TS:POKE MT+CC.S 31)2 UD=-1:DX=DX-1:GOTO 100'FNWF
:RETURN'ENOD 400 GOSUB 52:Y=Y+1:IF PEEK(MT)<>33
140 IF SC<1 THEN RETURN1EDHC THEN POKE MT,33:FS=FS-2:TS=33
141 X=0:ND=INT{RND(Q) *4Q0) +1144'GRXH :RETURN'NFUN
142 ND=ND+1:X=X+1:IF PEEK{ND)>32 AND 402 UD=-40:DY=DY+l:GOTO 103'FOYG
PEEK(ND)<3t THEN POKE ND+CC,2'NDSQ 500 GOSUB 52:Y=Y+1: IF PEEK (1-lT) <> 34
143 IF PEEK(ND)=46 THEN POKE ND+CC, THEN POKE MT,34:FS=FS-6:TS»34
2'GMTI :RETLJRN'NFCO
144 IF X>39 THEN FS=FS-70:SC=SC-1 502 UD=1:DX=DX+1:GOTO 100'ENGG
:Y«Y+1:RETURN'K0JO 600 GOSUB 52:Y=Y+1:IF PEEK(MT)<>35
145 J = 1:IF SOD THEN J = 0'FISJ THEN POKE MT,35:FS=FS-2:TS=35
146 PRINT H$TAB(25)"[WHITE] :RETURN'NFBP
SCOUTS£"SPC(J)SC:GOTO 142'ENJM 602 UD=40:DY=DY-1:GOTU 100'EOFI
150 J = 1:IF SO9 THEN J=fl'FISF 6 It) FOR X=0 TO D STEP S'EEIE
151 PRINT H$" REPORTS @"; 611 IF{ET(E)+X-MF)=MT THEN GOSJB 45
TAB(14)CHRS(18) " [GRAY1] FORCE :EP=MV:GOSLJB 23y:GOSUB 650
[SHFT SPACE)I[RVOFF,WHITE]";'DLOL :X=D'KFMP
152 PRINT TAB(25)"SCOUTS@"SPC(J)SC 612 IF{ET{E)+X-MF} =DP+1 THEN iiP=DP+l
:AS=D:IF AM<10 THEN AS=1'ITPN :EC=DP+1+CC:GOSUB 30:GOSUu 650
153 PRINT H$:FOR U1=0 TO 17:PRINT:NEXT :GOSUB
: IF FS<1 THEN FS=C'KHWN 619 WEXT:RETURN'CBXL
154 PRINT"[L. GREEN]GUN ELEVg[WHITE]"; 650 FOR D1^0 TO
GE;TAB(14)"[RED]AMMO [L. BLUE]' 700 IF t>AX THEN E=0:HETURfJ'FGAF
[WHITE]@"SPC(AS)AM;TAB(26);'ERVP 702 IF RE<1 THEN RETURN'EDIG
155 PRINT"[BROWN]FUEL0[WHITE,SPACES]" 704 PT=0:IF AUS(MT-ET{E))<160 THEN
:PRINT CHHS(145)TAB(33)FS PT=2'HTT0
:IF DH<1 THEN DR=0:Y=6'JVFS 705 IF ET(E)>1783 THEN RETURN'EJUK
156 PRIMT"[L, BLUE]![WHITE] 706 IF ET(E)<1104 THEN RETURN'EJDL
DAMAGE@"DH;:PRINT 707 IF ET(t))>1600 THEN GOSUB 45
TAB(20)nSQ/MILEeBSQ1DJYP :EP=DP+l:GOSUtf 230'HVBH
157 PRINT TAB(l)"[SPACE2]COUNT0"ED; 708 IF DY>11 THEN IF RE>2 THEN GOSUB
TAB (20) " IF7J etJCOUTt; "'DIYQ 45:EP=OB:GOSUB 23U'JSQS
158 PRINT" [SPACE2] HETLJRN0 709 IF DH<1 THEN RETURN' EDIiN
POWERPLAY 95
GfimE PROCRflmS Force 1
710 IF ND>15 THEN D=520:S=40:MF=120 1007 IF QS=CHR$(136)THEN GOSUB
:POKE ET(E),CHjGOSUB 610'IGYO 140'FKTF
714 IF ND>20 THEN D=l2:S=l:MF=12 1008 IF Q$=CHR$(13)THEN Y=6'FIWG
:POKE ET(E),36:GOSUB 610 1009 IF FS<1 AND AM<1 THEN GOSUB 152
:IF L%>3 THEN GOSUB 610'MKOV :GOTO 4050'HODJ
715 IF ND>40 THEN D=l2:S=l:MF=0
1010 GOSUB 152:IF Y<6 THEN 1002'EKYX
:POKE ET{E),34:GOSUB 610 1011 POKE 198,0:FL=4:GOSUB 2501
:IF L%>4 THEN GOSUB 610'MJOW :PRINT H$CHR$(18)"[RED]
716 IF ND<15 THEN D=240:S=-80:MF=120 ENEMY MOVE[WHITE]"'FVXF
:POKE ET(E),CH:GOSUB 610 1012 ND=INT(RND(0)*150)+1'FLMB
:IF L%>3 THEN GOSUB 610'NNXY 1014 IF ND>100 AND PEEK(DP+1)=32 THEN
717 IF DR<1 THEN RETURN"EDHM POKE DP+l,42:P0KE DP+CC+1,6'MBIL
720 IF ABS(ET(E)-MT)=1 THEN EP=MT 1015 IF ND<50 THEN POKE OB,44
:EOMT+CC: GOSUB 30'JYMO :POKE OB+CC,2'GQKG
722 IF ABS(ET(E)-MT)=40 THEN EP=MT 1019 GOSUB 2000:IF DR<1 THEN 4050'EMDH
:EC=MT+CC:GOSUB 30'JAHR 1020 IF DY>14 AND RE>2 THEN GOSUB
725 IF ET(E)+40>1702 AND DY<3 THEN 1500'GLVB
GOSUB 45:EP=DP+1:GOSUB 230 1021 IF RE<2 THEN 1028'DHUY
;GOTO 735'LFQV 1022 IF ND>80 THEN It' DR>1 THEN GOSUB
730 IF MT-ET(E)>20 THEN CH=35:WA%=40 1500'HLRD
:GOTO 740'HXHN 1028 OO0:IF PEEK(OB)=44 THEN
732 IF MT-ET(E)<-20 THEN CH=33:WA%=-40 OC=1'GNTK
:GOTO 740'JXMR 1029 IF QS=CHRS(13)THEN GOSUB 45
733 IF ET(E)<MT THEN IF ET(E)-MT<DX :IF L%=3 THEN GOSUB 1530'jyBM
THEN CH=34:WA%=1:GOTO 740'KEPU 1030 GOTO 1000'BEXW
734 IF ET(E)>MT THEN IF ET(E)-MT<39 1100 IF TF=1 THEN IF EP=MT THEN IF
THEN CH=36:WA%=-1jGOTO 740'LEIW DR>0 THEN TF=INT(RND(0)*4)+1
735 WA%=0:CH=35:RETURN'DKTN :POKE MT,TF+32:TF=0'RGIM
740 EY=PEEK(ET(£)+WA%}:IF EYO32 THEN 1140 IF QS="E"THEN GOSUB 400'EFQB
GOSUB 900'IUQO 1141 IF Q$="X"THEN GOSUB 600'EFMC
800 POKE ET(E),32:ET[E)=ET(E)+WA% 1142 IF Q$="D"THEN GOSUB 500'EFQD
:POKE ET(E),CH:POKE ET(E)+CC,PT 1143 IF QS="S"THEN GOSUB 300'EFEE
:RETUHN'HSJQ 1144 IP DY>13 THEN IF RE>2 THEN IF
900 IF EY=38 THEN RETURN"EEWG DH>0 THEN L%=INT(RND(D)*2)+2
902 IF EY=46 THEN GOTO 995'EHCJ :EP=MT:GOSUB 230'QDNS
904 IF EY>36 THEN E¥=INT(RND(0)*20) 1145 IF DR<1 THEN Y=6'EFLG
:IF EY>15 THEN GOTO 995'LVSS 1146 GOSUB 5t):RETURN'CDKF
906 EY=INT(RND(0)*4)+l'FJBO 1200 JV=PEEK{5S320):FR=JV AND 16
908 IF EY=1 THEN 735'DGGO :JV=15-(JV AND 15}:RETURN'IDKH
910 IF EY=2 THEN IF PEEK(ET(E)+1)=32 1500 IF DY>12 AND RE>1 THEN 1530'FLLD
THEN WA%=1:CH=34:RETURN'LXUQ 1508 IF DY>8 AND RE>2 THEN 1530'FKTL
912 IF EY=3 THEN IF PEEK(ET{E)-1)=32 1510 IF DY>6 AND RE>3 THEN 1530'FKSE
THEN WA%=-1:CH=36:RETURN'MXPT 1515 IF DY>3 AND Rfci>4 THEN 1530'FKQJ
IF EY>3 THEN IF PEEK(ET(E)-40)=32 1520 EY=INT(RND(aj*20):IF EY>18 THEN
THEN WA%=-40:CH=33:RETURN'MAMV 1530'HSPI
990 GOTO 735'BDON 1525 RETURN'BAQF
995 EP=ET(E)+WA%:EC=EP+CC:GOSUB 30 1530 PRINT H$"[RED]INCOMINGS[WHITE]'"
:RETURN'GVIB :X=INT(RND(0)*G)-3:EP=MT+X
■ FS=FS-1:GOSUB 50:GOSUB 150 :EC=EP+CC'KVQQ
:IF DR<1 THEN 4050'HUWB 1532 GOSUB 24:FOR Dl=0 TO 500:NEXT
1001 GOSUB 12E!0:GOSUB 2S00:Y=O :GOSUB 40:GOSUB 30'HQDK
:POKE 19S,0'ESIA 1540 RETURN'BAQC
1002 PRINT HS"[L. BLUE] MOVE CMD@" 2003 FOR E=0 TO AX:IF ET(E)=1944 THEN
:GOSUB 55'CFYA 2004'GSBB
1003 GOSUB 1200: IF t'S>0 THEN ON JV 2002 GOSUB 70O;IF DR<1 THEN E=AX'FKDd
GOSUB 400,600,1525,300,1525,1525, 2004 NEXT E:RETURN'CCRY
1525,500'GUXI 2500 POKE 198,0:FL=AM'CKKC
1004 GOSUB 40:GOSUB 50:GET Q$ 2501 IF DH<1 THEN RETURN'EDHD
:IF Q$=CHR$(140)THEN 4050'HURF 2502 FOR Y=0 TO FL:PRINT H$CHK$(18)"
1005 GOSUB 1140:IF MT=OB AND OC=1 GUN CHD @[WHITE)":GET QS'GOHK
THEN 5000'GQOF 2503 IF QS=CHRS(13)THEN Y=FL
1006 IF QS=CHRS(160)THEN GOSUB :GOTO 2620'GOEI
4060'FLTE 2504 IF QS=CHRS(134)THEN GE=GE+1
GnmE PROGRHIIIS Force 1
:IF GE>8 THEN GE=9'KTG0 SC IYYR
2505 IF QS=CHRS(160)THEN GOSUB 5030 FOR X=0 TO 100U:NEXT
4 06(1'FLTJ GOTO 40501FMDF
2506 IF Q$=CHHS(135)THEN GE=CE-1 30000 PRINT CHS:PRINT:FOR X=0 TO 39
:IF GfcX2 THEN GE=1'KTBP :PRINT";";:NEXT'HMMA
2507 IF g$=CHR$(140)TUEfJ 4l!50'ELGK 30001 FOR X=0 TO 15:PRINT:NEXT
2508 IF MT<1265 AND PEEK(MT)=33 AND :FOR X=0 TO 39:PRINT";";
GE>3 THEN GE=3'JSTH :NEXT'K0TD
2510 IF DX<9 THEN IF PEEK(MT)=36 THEN 30010 TC=5:TR=INT(RND(0)*60)+5'G OQB
IF GE>DX THEN GE=DX'LRJL 30012 FOR X=0 TO TH:Y=INT(HND(0)*640)
2512 IF DX>31 THEN IF FEEK(MT)=34 +1144:POKE Y,37:POKE Y+CC,
THEN IF GE>39-DX THEN TC LFJE

GE=39-DX'NWTP 30014 IF TC=5 THEN TC=9
2514 IF DY<5 THEN IF PEEK(MT)=35 THEN :GOTO 30020'FMID
IF GE>5 THEN GE=5'LPFO 30016 IF TC=9 THEN TC=5'EGYE
2600 PRINT H$"[L. RED] FIRE CMD@ 30020 NEXT'BAEU
[WHITE]"'BCJE 30026 BW=INT(RND(0)*10)+l'FKQA
2604 GOSUri 12O01BEEF 30028 FOR X=0 TO BW:Y=INT(RND(0)*560)
2605 IF AM<1 THEN AM=0:GOTO 262U'FLKK +1184"ISLG
2610 IF O.$=CHR$ (133) THEN FR=0'FKEG 30029 FOR Z=0 TO 4:P0KE Y+Z,38
2612 IF FR=0 THEN AM=AM~l:GOSUB 200 :POKE Y+Z+CC,11:NEXT:NEXT'KTUI
:FS=FB-2'ISTM 30036 BW=INT(RND(0)«10)+1'FKQB
2620 FS=FS-1:GOSUB 152:NEXT Y 30038 FOR X=0 TO BW:Y=INT{RND(0)*560)
:RETURN'FMBH +1184:FOR Z=0 TO 2'LWQK
4050 POKE 198,0:PRINT H$:PRINT:PRINT 30039 POKE Y+Z,43:POKE Y+Z+1,45:
:PR I NT:PRINT"[WHITE]TRY AGAIN :POKE Y+Z+CC,11:POKE Y+Z+CC+1,11
[Y/NJ"'GMTL :NEXT:NEXT1OHMP
4052 GET QS: IF Q$ = I'HEN 4052'EJPH 30040 BW=INT{RND(0)*30)+2:FOR X=0 TO 4
4054 IF Q$="Y"THEN PRINT CHS:CLR:X=1 :BW=BW+40'KVMC
:GOTO 3'HLJM 30042 POKE BW+1264,61:POKE BW+1264+CC,
4056 IF Q$O"N"THEN 4052'EGLL 12:NEXT'GWYB
4058 GOSUB 40:SYS 64738'CIML 30050 Z=INT(RND(0)*6)+l'FILD
4060 POKE 198,0:PRINT HS"[YELLOW, 30051 MF=INT(RND(0)*15)+2'FKQE
SPACE2]PAUSE[SPACE3,WHITE]"'CIEH 30052 Y=INT(RND(0)*40)+1560
4062 GET 0$:IF QS=""THEN 4060'EJOI ;Y=Y+MF"HRXC
4063 PRINT HS"[SPACE10]":RETURN'CDNI 30054 FOR X=0 TO Z:POKE Y+X.46
5000 GOSUB 40:IF SQ>5 THEN 5008'EKEB :POKE Y+X+CC,15:NEXT'JSLG
5002 SQ=SQ+1:DR=DR+1:SC=12:ZX=0: 30056 Z=Z-1:FOR X=0 TO Z
:FS=1000:AN=AM+15:IF AJO24 THEN :POKE Y+X+40,46:POKE Y+X+40+CC,
AM=24'NTBS 15:NEXT'NBNM
5004 GOTO 23'BCMB 30057 Z=Z~1:FOR X=0 TO Z
5008 PRINT CHR$(147)"THE BATTLE IS :POKE Y+X+80,46:POKE Y+X+80+CC,
WON"'CFGL 15:NEXT'NBVN
5010 ED=ED*2:FOR X=l TO ED 30060 2=INT(RND(0)*8}+2'FIOE
:L%=INT(RND(0)*4)+l 30062 FOR X=0 TO Z:Y=INT{RND(0)*500)+l
:POKE 1104+X,L%+32'NGYK :Y=1144+Y:POKE Y,46
5011 POKE 1104+X+CC,2:X=X+1 :POKE Y+CC,0'NHCK
:FOR SQ=0 TO 50:NEXT SQ:NEXT'KXBK 30064 HM(X}=Y;NEXT'CHFA
5012 POKE 1964,33:POKE 1964+CC,6'DQBF 30070 X=INT(RND(0)*30)+2:OB=X+1144
5014 FOR X=l TO ED:EP=1104+X:EC=fc)P+CC :POKE OB,44:POKE 0B+CC,2'KFBH

:GOSUB 24:F0R D1=0 TO 100:NEXT Dl 30090 X=INT(RND(0)*19)+l:MT=X+1744
:GOSUB 30'NKHS :DX=X:DY=1:TS=33:POKE MT,TS
5016 POKE EP,44:POKE t!C, 2 : X=X+1: NEXT :POKE MT+CC,6'NSTP
:GQSU6 40:FOR X=0 TO 12:PRINT 30098 X=INT(RND(0)*20)+17
:NEXT"LAUQ :DP=X+1704'HSKM
5018 PRINT CHRS(18)" FINAL SCORE 30099 POKE DP,61:P0KE DP+1,42
" 'CEFL :POKE DP+2,61:POKE DP-39,32
5020 PRINT:PHINT" TOTAL ENEMY COUNT :POKE DP+41,321JKRS
"tlD/2'DEMG 30100 POKE DP+CC,11:POKE DP+1+CC,6
5022 PRINT" FINAL DAMAGE REPORT :POKE DP+2+CC,ll'IYKE
"DR'BCOH 30102 IF SQ=0 THEN X=3'EFTY
5024 PRINT:PRINT CHR3(18)" BATTLE 30103 IF SQ=1 THEN X=4'EFVA
RECORD " ( (DR*10tl) + (AM*10)+FS) 30104 IF SQ=2 THEN X=5'EFXB
POWERPLAY 97
GI1IT1E PROCROmS Force 1
30106 IF SQ=3 THEN X=6'EFAD :GUSUB 30'JULJ
30107 IF SQ>3 THEN X=7"EFAE 35044 POKE Y+4O,0:POKt; X,33
30110 TC=INT(RND(1)*X)+3:RE=TC :POKE Y,6'E0KF
:AX=TC'HTME 3S045 FOR 2=0 TO 1:EP=INT(RND(O)*40)+l
30115 FOR X=l TO TC:Y=INT(RND(0)*75)+l :EP-^1274 + EP:EC=EP+CC 'MFHt
:ET(X)=Y+11S4'KALG 35046 GOSUB 30:NEXT Z'CEGE
30120 POKE ET(X),35:POKE ET(X)+CC,fl 35200 IF QSOCHRS (133JTHEN 35040'FMGF
tNEXT1ETYC 40001 DATA 033,008,008,107 ,107, 127,
30125 RETURN*BAQB 127,127,099'BKWC
35000 PRINT CHRS(5)CHR$(147):PRINT 40002 DATA 034,000,252,252 ,112, 127,
:PRINT'FKND 112,252,252'BKWD
35020 PRINT" [GREEN]%[WHITE) [SHFT U, 40003 DATA 035,198,254,254 ,254, 214,
SHFT C3) [SHFT*U,SHFT C3.SHFT I] 214,016,016'BKXE
[SHFT U,SHFT C3,SHFT 1] 40004 DATA 036,063,063,014 -254, (J14,
[SHFT U,SHFT C3,SHFT I] [SHfT U, 063,063,000'BKCF
SHFT C2,SPACE4,SHFT C,CMDR R, 40005 DATA 037,036,094,137 ,127, 234,
SHFT C]"'BAKP 119,092,016'BKHA
35022 PRINT"[SPACE3,SHFT B] [GREEN]%% 40006 DATA 038,000,134,073 ,048, 073,
[WHITE] [SHFT B] [ORANGE]% 134,000,000'BKUB
[WHITE] [SHFT 13] [SHFT B,SPACE3, 40008 DATA 039,198,214,108 ,040, 040,
SHFT B] [SHFT B] [GREEN]% 056,056,016'BKTD
[ORANGE]%[WHITE,SPACE2,SHFT B, 4 0011 DATA 060,016,147,199 ,235, 203,
SPACE7,SHFT B]"'BAAH 203,008,009'BKQD
35024 PRINT"[SPACE3,CMDR Q,SHFT C2, 4 001 2 DATA 062,022,052,008 003, 216,
SPACE2,SHFT B,SPACE3,SHFT B] 004,062,033'BKXE
[CMDR Q.SHFT C,CMDR R,SHFT C, 40013 DATA 063,066,000,194 011, 068,
SHFT K] [SHFT B,SPACE2,ORANGE]% 034,065,152'BKNF
[WHITE,SPACE2,CMDR Q,SHFT C, 40015 DATA 053,255,170,255 160, 224,
SPACE2,GREEN]%%[WHITE,SPACE2, 160,224,160'BKSb
SHFT B]"'BAMM 40016 DATA 059,255,170,255 000, 000,
35026 PRINT"[SPACE3,SHFT B,SPACE4, 000,000,300'BKHC
SHFT B] [ORANGE]%[WHITE] 40017 DATA 061,255,085,255 044, 052,
[SHFT B] [SHFT B,RED]#[WHITE] 044,052,044'BKSD
[SHFT M,SPACE2,SHFT B,RED]g 40018 DATA 043,240,088,168 248, 063,
[WHITE,SPACE3,ORANGE]%[WHITE, 037,056,015'BKHE
SHFT B] [RED]fl[WHITE,SPACE5, 40019 DATA 045,015,058,037 063, 248,
SHFT B]"'BAOL 168,088,240'BKJF
35028 PRINT" [ORANGE]%[GREEN]%[WHITE, 40020 DATA 046,000,204,000 051, 000,
SHFT B,RED] (j [WHITE , SPACE2 , 204,000,051'BKVD
SHFT J,SHFT C3.SHFT K] [SHFT B] 40021 DATA 000,000,096,096, 000, 000,
[GREEN]%[WHITE] [SHFT T] 096,096,300'BKVE
[SHFT J,SHFT C3,SHFT K] [SHFT J, 40022 DATA 042,255,142,180, 180, 142,
SHFT C3] [ORANGE]%[WHITE] 255,192,192'BKWF
[SHFT C.CMDR E,SHFT C]"'BAAV 4 0023 DATA 044,000,255,177, 183, 129,
35030 PRINT:PRINT TAB(11)"[RED], 237,141,255,-1'BtJNA
[WHITE] BY G[SPACE21FIELDS 47000 PHINT:PRINT TAB(14)"WAIT WHILE"
[BLUE]*[WHITE]":GOTO 47000'EKED :PRINT:PRINT TAB(14)' THE
35032 PRINT H$:FOR x=0 TO 9:PRINT:NEXT TROOPS"'GJJG
:PRINT TAB(12)"[WHITE] 47001 PRINT:PRINT TAB(17)"DRESS"'DEMA
JOYSTICK POKT@2'"IMSI 47002 POKE 56,48:CLR'CGLF
35034 PRINT:PRINT TAB(14)"F1 TO BEGIN" 47003 POKE 56334,PEEK{56334 ) AND 254
:PRINT:PRINT TAB(14)"F8 TO :POKE 1,PEEK(1)AND 251'GABG
QUITnlGJGJ 47004 FOR 1=0 TO 2047:POKE 12288+1,
35036 X=INT(RND{0}*20J+15:X=X+1904 PEEK(5324 8+I):NEXT'IXRI
:Y=X+CC:POKE X,33:POKE Y,6'LGUP 47005 POKE l,PiiEK(l) OR 4
35040 GOSUB 40:GOSUB 50.-GET Q$ :POKE 56334,PEEK(56334)OR l'GVXI
: IF Q$=CHR${133)THEN RETURN' IJ.KE 47006 READ A: IF A=-l THEN 4700!) 'FJGG
35041 X=X-4O:Y=Y-40:It' X<130!) THEN 47007 FOR 1=0 TO 7:READ B
RETURN'IPFF :POKE 12288+A*8+I,B:NEXT
35042 EP=INT{RND(0)*3)+l:EP=EP+X :G0T0 470OS'KXyN
:EC=EP+CC:GOSUB 30 47008 POKE 53272,(PEEK(53272)AND
:IF g$=CHRS(140)THEN 4050'OMXP 240JOR 12'EUHJ
35043 IF EP-X>1 THEN EP=EP+36:EC=EC+36 4701)9 RUN 3'BBNE END
98 AUGUST/SEPTEMBERS
GnniE PROGRnms hvurucejae-xer
Baudleship
The game of "Battleship " for two
Mlost computer games are single-player: you vs. the
players, with computers
computer. There is nothing wrong with that, really. The
computer is always a willing, uncomplaining opponent, connected by modems (for the
doesn't cheat (hopefully), and does a good job of keeping
score. Nevertheless, there are many multi-person games Commodore 64 or VIC 20 with 8K
that could put the computer's powers to good use. The
trouble is. it isn't praclical to play them on a computer memory expansion).
because the players can see each other's moves and
strategies. Sure, you can say to your friend, "Okay, turn
your back now while 1 sit down and type in my move,"
but this wears thin very quickly. office, connected by a telephone cord. I've even suc
But today, when Commodore modems are inexpen cessfully connected a coiled handset cord from a 1600
sive and plentiful, who says you have to both be sitting VIC Modem to a 1650 AutoModem. It's a loose fit in the
at the same computer anymore? With proper software, larger AutoModem connector, but it still works!
you can be sitting comfortably in your favorite computer Once you've established contact, run the program,
chair and play a game over the telephone lines with a put your modems on-line (by plugging the cord from the
friend who's also sitting in a favorite chair! handsel into the 1600 VICModem, or by putting the data
As an example of inter-computer software, here's a switch to Data on the 1650 AutoModem and hanging up
program that allows two players to play the familiar the regular telephone). The program will start you out in
graph-paper game "Battleship." Each player "hides" a "chat" mode; anything you type will be sent to the
submarine (two squares long), destroyer (three squares), other person. (Like. "Ready to play? I'm gonna beat
cruiser (four squares), and battleship (five squares) on a you...")
ten-by-ten grid. In this version, each player then calls a Press the Fl function key to begin play. If you're the
"shot" using the number and letter coordinates of a first to press it, a message will automatically be sent to
particular square they guess a ship might be lying in. the other computer, telling your opponent "Press the Fl
The winner is the first one to sink all the enemy's ships. key. I have." Then give your name when the computer
asks.
Playing Baudleship There will now bo a slight delay white the two com
Carefully type in the appropriate program (either 64 puters decide randomly who plays first. Then a ten-by-
version or VIC 20; your VIC must have at least an 8K ten grid will appear on the screen. It's time to hide your
memory expansion cartridge). Then call up your oppo ships.
nent, who must also have a modem and one of these You place a ship by first giving a starting coordinate,
programs. (Yes. a VIC 20 owner may play a 64 owner! in military-style column/row fashion. Then pick one of
The only difference is that the VIC screen doesn't have eight directions to extend the rest of the ship. Entries
enough room to display your own ships and show you that place part of a ship off the grid or on top of another
how badly they are being hit.) ship will not be allowed.
Of course, you don't have to use the telephone. The The computers will know when both players are
modems will work quite nicely in the same room or ready. Two grids will appear on the screen, the left one
POWERPLAV 99
with your ships, and the right one (initially blank) to sion and see a reverse-video character appear on your
keep track of your shots at the enemy. (VIC owners will target grid. If your opponent finds your ship, you hear
not have the left grid.) The player to go first will see a the shell come whistling in and explode with a flash—
flashing "YOUR TURN (Fl).'p He may either push Fl, soon followed, no doubt, by a nasty message from your
and then enter his shot against the other player, or type opponent bragging about his or her shooting ability, and
a message to the other player as m the starting-up how you don't stand a chance!
"chat" mode. I feel it's vital to allow for some form of When one player wins, you go back to "chat" mode,
personal message passing in games of this sort. and have the option to press "FT1 and start again.
If you hit the other player's ship, you hear an explo- Good hunting! B
Beioro typing in this program, read "How to Enter Programs."
460 CK=0:FOR Y=l TO Si'EHQI
Baudleship: 64 version
4 70 IF MIDS ( "TYUGJBNM" , Y. ,
120 OPEN 1,2,3/CHR$(6) sRBM UPEN 1) =DSTHEN 49t)' ELSM
RS-232 CHANNEL1DCYF 480 NEXT Y:GQSUB 106O:GOTO 450'DKVJ
130 DIM b%(lCf10); REM SHIP GRID 490 ON Y GOTO 500,510,520,530,540,550,
MATRIX'CYKF 560,570'CHGO
140 POKE 53280,0:POKE 53281,0 500 XD=-1: YD=-1;GOTO 580'FLNE
:POKE 54272+24,8' EAJG 510 XD= 0: YD=-1 GOTO 580'ELQF
15!) BTS = " [HOME,DOWN24] " 'BDXU 520 XD= 1 YD=-1 GOTO 580'ELRG
1C0 M$«LEFT$(BT$,16)'CKLE 530 XD=-1 YD= (J GOTO 580'ELO.H
170 ME$=nniFOR Q=l TO 39:ME$=ME$+" " 540 XD= 1 YD= 0 GOTO 580'DLBH
iNEXT1HQSK 550 XD=-1 GOTO 580'ELRJ
180 BL$=ME$:MY$=ME$:S6=54 272'DVEJ 560 XD= 0 YD= GOTO 580'DLBJ
190 CR$=CHR$(13):F1$=CHR$(133) 570 XD= 1 YD= GOTO 580'DLCK
:DS$="$" 'frUliL 580 L=1:B%{V,H)=X'CLTK
200 C$ (0)=n [YELLOW] " :C$(1)=" [GREEN] 590 X1=H+XD:Y1=V+YD:L=L+1"GPIQ
" 'CLSA 600 IF Xl>10 OR Yl>10 THEN GOSUB 1060
210 PRINT CURS(147)CHR$(142)CHk${8) :GOTO 360'HQAH
' ENAC 610 IF XK1 OR YK1 THEN GOSUB 1060
220 S$(1}=CHR$(28)+CHR$(42) ' ENJD :GOTO 360"HOII
230 FOR X=2 TO 5:READ 5S (X) :NEXT'FKAE 620 IF B%(Y1,X1)<>0 ThEN GOSUB 1060
240 DATA SUBMARINE,DESTROYER,CRUISER, :GOTO 360'GSIJ
BATTLESHIP'BNWL 630 B% (Y1,X1)=X'BKBG
2511 TS=14iHS"14:BP-l:GOTO 1460'ESfu 640 IF L<X THEN H=X1:V=Y1
260 GOSUB 2230:REM BOTH PLAYERS :GOTO 590'GNGL
READY?'CWEJ 650 G=0:GOSUB 940'CGPH
270 IF N$O""THEN 330'EFHG 660 NEXT X:GOSUB 830'CfPI
280 N$="C64":INPUT"[CLEAR,WHITE] 670 GOTO 1400 :REM SKIP TO PLAY
YOUR NAME";N$(CGMK ROUTINES'CXJO
290 IP N$=""THEN 280'DFOH 680 REM GRID DRAWING SUBROUTINE'BVIO
300 PRINT"[D0WN2]WAIT..."1BADY 690 PRINT TAB{P*18)CHHS(19)CS(P)'ENIO
310 GOSUB 1950:REM SEND NAME TO OTHEK 700 PRINT TAB{P*18)"[SPACE2,CMDR P10]
COMPUTER, WAIT FOR HIS'COhK ""DEIK
330 MEM INPUT SHIP COORDINATES'bUQG 710 PRINT TAB(P*18)"0[ChDH N,SH*'T
340 PRINT"[CLEAR]":p=B:GCSUb 6gB "'DESM
:REM PRINT GRID'ERVI 720 PRINT TAB(P*1S)"1[CMDR N,SHFT
350 FOR X=2 TO 5:GOSUti 1370'EICG ""DETN
360 tOR J = l TO 10'DEDE 730 PRINT TAB(P*18)"2[CMDR N,SHFT @10]
370 : FOR K=l TO 10'DFMG "'DEUO
38!) : IF a%{J,K)=X THEN B% (J ,K) =«'ERXL 740 PRINT TAb(P*18)"3[CMDR N,ShFT @10]
390 NEXT K,J'bDQH "'DEVP
4 00 GOSUB 890SREM ERASE DIRECTION 750 PRINT TAB(P*18) "4[CMDR N,SrlFT @10]
AID'CVNE "'DEWQ
410 PRINT MS"[WHITE]ENTER "SS(X)" 760 PRINT TAB(P*18)"5[CMDR N,SHFT @10]
[SPACE3]"'BHYD "'DEXR
42!; GCSUB 114fl:REM GET 770 PRINT TAB(P*18)"6[CMDR N,SHFT @10]
COORDINATES'CTEG '"DEYS
430 IF BS(V(II)<>(| THEN GOSUti 1060 780 PRINT TAB(P*18)"7[CMDH N,SHFT @1U]
:GOTO 36fl:REH SHIP THERE "'DEAT
ALREADY1HIKN 7yu PRINT TAB(P*18) "8[CMDR N.^ht'T Q1Q]
440 GOSUB 84B:KEH PK1NT DIRECTION "'DEBU
AID'CVM 800 PRINT TAB(P*18} MtJ [ChDR N,bflFT @10]
4 50 POKE 198,0sWAIT 19B,liGET DS'DOMH

PROCRflmS Baudleship
"'DECM GOSUB 106D:GOTU 120U'JVBt
ma PRINT TAB(P*18)"[SPACE2,CMDK Y1U] 1220 PHINT MS" [DOWfJ2,RIGHT2] "HS'BEJX
11 'DEHW 1230 H=ASC[HS)-64:V=ASC(VS)-47'GPWF
PRINT TAB(P*18)"[SPACE2] 1240 RETURN'BAQV
ABCDEFGHIJ"'DLCJ 1250 REM HIT NOISE SUBROUTINE'BSCG
830 RETURN'BAQF 126-t; FOR Q=0 TO 24 POKE SG+y,0:NEXT
840 PRINT"[HOME,SPACElU] :POKE S6+24,8 ISXJ
DIRECTION?""bANK 1270 POKE S6+5,192:POKE S6+6,250'EPUh
850 PRINT TAB(13)"[DOWN,RVS]TYU"'CDPJ 1280 FOR Q=120 TO SO STEP-1'FHRH
861! PRINT TAb(13)"[RVS]G J"'CDQK 1290 POKE S6+1/Q:POKE S6+4,17
870 PRINT TAB(13)"[HVS]BNM""CULL st'OR DE=1 TO 8: NEXT DE^'IWJO
881; RETURN'BAQK 1300 POKE 53280,2:P0KE 53281F2'CPfA
890 PRINT"[HOME,SPACE20]"'BASO 1310 POKE S6+24,15:PUKE 36+1,15
900 PRINT TAB (13) " [ DOWN , SPACE3] " 'CDlil' :POKE S6+4,128'GWKF
910 PRINT TAB(13)"[SPACE3]"'CDPG 1320 FOR VO=15 TO 0 STEP-1
9 20 PRINT TAB(13)"[SPACE3]"'CDPH :FOR DE=1 TO IB:NEXT DE
930 RETURN'BAQG :POKE S6+24,VO:NEXT'MVEK
94 0 REK DRAW SHIPS ON GRID 1330 POKE 53280,0:POKE 53281,0
SUBROUTINE'BAXP : HETURN'DQLD
950 GOSUB 1370:PRINT"[HOME,DOWN2]"; 1340 PUKE S6+24,y:POKE SG+5,9
"CGEK :POKE S6+1,20'GTUH
960 FOR J=l TO 10'DEDL 135J3 PUKE 56+4,128:FOR D=l TO 10:NKXT
T
970 PRINT"[RIGHT2]"TAB(G*18)'DEAM :POKE S6+4,129:GOTO 1310'JBQL
980 FOR K=l TO 10'DEEN 1360 REM CLEAR MESSAGE SCREEN
990 S=B%(J,K):IF S=0 THEN PRINT" SUBROUTINE'BDCK
[RIGHT]";:GOTO 1020'GRYT 1370 PRINT MSBL$:FOR 0=1 TU 3
1000 IF S=l THEN PRINT"[RED,RVS] :PRINT BLS:NEXT:RETURN'HPNK
[RVOFF]";:GOTO 1020'FIMX 1380 REM'BARE
1010 PRINT CHRS(18)CHR${5)LEFTS[SS(S), 1390 REM READY FOR GAME'BfiFJ
1)CHRS(146);'FWEB 1400 GOSUB 1370 : REM CLEAR MESSAGE
1020 NEXT K:PRINT:NEXT J:RETURN'EFJX AREA'CVPD
1030 REM BEEPS SUBROUTINE'BPOB 1410 P=0'BCYY
1040 GOSUB 1120:POKE S6+l,130 1420 GOSUB 68fl : REM DRAW GRID'ChVD
:POKE S6+5,9:POKE S6+15,30 1430 P=1:GOSUB C80'CGBC
:POKE S6+24,5'JIRJ 1440 PRINT"[hOME,YELLOW,SPACE2]
1050 POKE S6+4,21:tOR DE=1 TO 25:NEXT "NSTAB(18)"[GREEN,SPACE2]
:POKE S6+4,20:POKE S6+24,0 "NIS'CIAF
:RETURN1LDGK 1450 GOSUB 940:REM DRAW ON GRID'COCG
1060 REM BAPPS SUBROUTINE'BPVE 1460 GV=U:PRINT LEFTS(BT$,21);'DNNH
1070 PRINT MS"[DOWN3.RVS] 1470 PHINT"[RED,SHFT *40]";
BAD ENTRY"'BCHD CURS(19)'CFDL
1080 POKE S6+24,12:POKE S6+6,24(J 1480 IF BP=0 THEN GOSUB 2140
:POKE S6+4,17'GWJJ :REM OTHER PLAYER READY? ' t'AWO
1090 FOR A=l TO 2 : FOR B=l TO 255 1490 REM MAIN PLAYING LOOP'BPCL
STEP 25'HLUI 15G0 REM ***** input FROM OTHER
1100 POKE S6+1,B:NEXT B,A COHPUTER'BCWG

:POKE S6+4,32'FQGA 1510 GLTH,AS:IF A$=""UR STOO THEN
1110 POKE S6+4,32'CGRW 1G0D1 HPLG
1120 FOR Q=0 TO 24:PGKE S6+Q,0 1520 IF AS=ilSTHEN 1790
:NEXT'GLRC :REm CUOKDS COMING1 EWt'I
1130 PRINT MS"[DOWN3,SPACE10]" 1530 IF A$=CHH$(134)THEN 1870
:RETURN'CDSA :REM REPORT OF HIT t. VALUK' fciWL
1140 REM COORDINATE INPUT 1540 IF A$=CHRS(135)THEN 1910
SUBROUTINE1BAXG :REM REPORT OF MISS'FYIL
1150 PRINT LEFTS (liT$, 17] " [WHITE] 1550 IF A5<" "OR A$>"2"THEN 16E)0'FIGI
COORDINATES? (V,H)"'CICG 156C IF AS»CHR$(136)THJiN 250'EKUl
1160 PRINT"[SPACE4]":PRINT"[UP]";'CCJC 1570 MES=RIGHTS(HES+A$,39)'DNWJ
1170 POKE 19O,0:WA1T 19i3,l:GET VS'DOFF 1580 PRINT"[CYAN]"LEFTS(BT$,20)ME5
1180 IF ASC(VS)<48 OR ASC{VS}>57 'IHEN :POKE 212,«'DRSM
GOSUB 1060:GGTO 1170'JVGM 1590 KEH ***** from YOU TO HIM'BRTM
1190 PRINT ^lS" [UOWN2J "VS"-"; ' BFPF luliG IF Mt'-l AND GV=0 AND BP=0 THEN
1200 POKE iya,0:WAIT 198,1:GET H$'DO(JY GOSUB 1370:PK1NT hS"[WHITE]
121U IF ASC(HS)<65 UR ASC(H$)>74 THEN YOUR TURN (Fl) '" JQTM
POMRPLAV 101
GniflE PROCRnmS Baudleship
1610 IF MF=0 AND GV=(j AND BP=0 THEN :NEXT'BIEQ
GOSUB 1370'INEI 1970 PRINTf)l,Fl$; "BGCK
1620 IF BP THEN PRINT MS" [DOWN,MITE] 1980 GETfll,AS:IF ASOF1STHEN 1970'FPNO.
PRESS Fl TO PLAY" 'DEU1 1990 FOR Q=l TO LEN(NS)
1630 GET A$:IF GV=1 THEN 1660'EKPti :PRINTfll,MID$(NS,O.,l) ; : NEXT
1641) IF A$=F1$ANU MF=1 AND BP=0 THEN :PRINTi1,CR$;'IBRV
1760:HEM GET COORDINATES'Ii'VP 2000 N1S = HDJU
1650 IF AS=F1SANU BP=1 ThEN BP=0 2010 GET#1,AS:IF A$>=" "AND
:GOTO 260:REM END INITIAL CHAT AS<="Z"THEN N1S=N1$+AS'KSFF
MODE' IJVvR 2820 IF ASOCHRS(13)THEN 2010'FKHB
16G0 IF HS=O THEN GV=1:GOSUB 1370 2030 REM V.HO GOES FIRST? 'BNNB
:PRINT hSNS" WINS1":GOSUB 2220 2040 FOR X=l TO 100:PRINTItl,CHRS (0) ;
:GOTO 250' IACO. :NEXT'GWTE
167U IF TS=0 THEN GV=1:GOSUB 137U 2050 WF$=CHRS(INT(RND(0)*100}+lb0)
:PRINT MSN1$" WINS!":GOSUB 2220 "GQXG
:GOTO 250'IBHS 2060 PRINTi|l,WFS; 'BGPB
1680 IF ft$>="[SHFT A]"AND AS<=" 2070 GETU,A$:IF AS = ""THEN 2060'EMlt1
[SHFT ZJ"THEN A$=CHRS(ASC(AS) 2080 IF ASC(AS)<150 OR ASC(A$)>249
-128)'LPBT THEN 2070'HSJK
1690 IF A$=CHRS(160)THEN A$ = KJ VN 2090 IF WF$=A$THEN 2040'DJHG
1701! It AS<" "OR AS>"2"THEN 1510'PIGF 2100 MF=0:MFS="SECOND":IF hFS>ASTHEN
171fl A1S=AS;IF A$=C11RS(34)THEN MF=1:MF$="FIRST"1HUTH
A1S = '""'GPF1 2110 GOSUB 1370:PRINT MS"[WHITE)
1720 MY$=RIGHT$(MVS+AlS,39) 'DUFH WE GO "MFS'CKFA
1730 PRINT"[YELLUb]"LEFTS(BT$, 2120 FOR X=l TO 10O;PHINTS1,C11RS(0) ;
22)MVSCHk$[iy) 'UPfr'I sNEXT'GNTD
1740 PRINT*l,A$f :GOTO 1510'CKFii 2130 RETURN'BAQX
1750 RtM GET COORDINATES'BOTJ 2140 REM OTHER PLAYER READY?
1760 GOSUB 1370:GUaub 1140 *******iBYIF
iGOSUb 137U'DOSK 2150 PRINTSl.DSS'BFAB
1770 PKINTjfl, H$CHK${H)Chi<$(V);'DHCL 2160 GETS1,AS:IF A$=DSSThEN 2180'EPRG
1780 MF=0:GOTO 14yo'CIGL 2170 PRINT MS"[WHITE]PLEASE hAIT..."
1790 REM GET OTHER COmPU'ILkL :GOTO 2150'CHNI
COORDINATES'bDMR 2180 PRirJT()l,CtihS (25b) ; 'CICt
181) 0 GBTfil,H$:IF HS = ""ThEN laOil'ENXF 2190 GETS 1, AS: IF ASOCIiRS (255) ThEN
1811) GET|1,V5:1F VS = 1'hLW lblD'EMCG 2190'GRIL
1821) H=ASC(HS):V=ASC(V$):Mt=l 2 2 00 RETURN1HAQV
:B=B% (V,H) 'GÂf-i 2210 FOR DELAY=1 TO 1000:NEXT
1830 IF B=0 OR b=l THEN PRINTfU, :RETURN1FMMC
CHRS(135);:PRINT MS"[WH1TE] 2220 PRINTS1,CHRS(136);:GOSUB 2210
"Nl$" MISSED"■ISBO :RETURN'E0DD
1835 If B = () OR B«l THEN CJGbUB 2210 2230 REM SIGNAL OTHER COMPUTER YOU
:GOTO IGCJi'HNHQ ARE'BATH
1840 PRINT j)l,CHRS(l 34) CHhS (B) ; ' DLhJ 2240 REM READY, tvAIT FOR HIS
1850 GOSUB 1250:PRINT MS"[WHITEj SIGNAL.'BXCH
"N1S" GETS A HIT;":TS=TS-1 2250 PRINT"[CLEAR]WAITING FOR OTHER
:GOSUB 2210'fVVC PLAYER..."'BATJ
1868 b%{V,H)=l:GOSUB 940 2260 PRINTfl,"[SPACE4]PUSH THE Fl
:GOTO 1600'DRHM KEY. (I HAVE!) "'BCOJ
1870 GET(tl,BS:It' B$ = ""T11EN 1870'EMSM 2270 PRINTS1,CHR$(7);'CGbF
1880 bÂSC(bS);HB=HS-1'ELKO 2280 GET#l,A$iIF A$OCHRS(7)THEN
1890 BS="[RVS]"+LEFTS(SS(B),1}+" 2270'GPMK
[RVOFF]":GOSUB 1340'FQGR 2290 FOR X=l TO 10:PRINT#l,CHR$(7);
1900 GOTO 1920'BEJD : NEXT: RETURN ' HNDL WH
1910 BS = "*'" BCQE
1920 PRINT"[HOME]":FOR 0=1 TO V:PR1NT Baudleship: VIC 20 version
:NEXT'GGKJ 120 OPEN l,2,3,ChhS(6]
1930 PRINT TAB(1+18+H)"[YELLOW] 130 DIM B%(10,10)
"BS'EHJJ 140 POKE 36879,8:P0KE 36878,0
1940 GOTO 1600'BEEH 150 BTS="[HOME,DOWN24]"
1950 REM SEND NAME TO OTHER 160 M$=LEFT${BT$,16)
COMPUTER'BXJO 170 ME$="":FOR Q=l TO 21:MES=ME$+" "
1960 REM FORQ=1TO100:PRINT!1,CURS{«); NEXT

CniTlE PROGRHmS Baudleship
180 BLS=MES:MYS=MES:SV=36876 730 PRINT"6[CMDR N,SHFT @10]H
190 CRS=CHRS(13):F1S=CHRS(133):DSS="S" 740 PRINT"7(CMDR N.SHFT @10]"
200 CS(0)="[YELLOW] " : C$ {1) =" [GREEN] " 750 PRINT'S [CMDR N,SHFT @10]"
210 PRINT CHH$(147)CHR$(142)CHR$(8) 760 PRINT"9[CMDR N,SHFT 010]"
220 S$(l)=CHRS(28)+CHR$(4 2) 770 PRINT"[SPACE2,CMDR Y10]"
230 FOR X=2 TO 5:READ S$(X):NEXT 780 PRINT" [SPACi£2]ABCDEFGHIJ"
240 DATA SUBMARINE,DESTROYER,CRUISER, 790 RETURN
BATTLESHIP 800 PRINT"[HOME,SPACE10]DIRECTION?"
250 HS=14:TS=14:BP=1:GOTO 1230 810 PRINT TAB(13)"[DOWN,RVS]TYU"
260 GOSUB 1970:REM BOTH PLAYERS READY? 820 PRINT TAB(13)"[RVS]G J"
270 IF N$<> rHEN 320 830 PRINT TAB{13)"[RVS]BNM"
im NS="VIC":INPUT"[CLEAR,WHITE) 840 RETUHN
YOUR NAME" ;N5 850 PRINT" [HOMt:,SPACE2t3] "
290 IF NS=""THEN 280 860 PRINT' TAb{13) " [DOWN ,SPACt!3] "
300 PRINT" [DOV.N2] WAIT. . ." 870 PRINT TAB113)"[SPACE3]"
310 GOSUB 1670 880 PRINT TAB(13)"[SPACE3]"
320 PRINT"[CLEAR]":P=0:GOSUB 6 50 890 RETURN
330 FOR X=2 TO 5:GOSUB 1180 900 GOSUB 1180:PRINT"[HOME,DOWN 2]";
310 FOR J=l TO 10:tOR K=l TO 10 910 FOR J=l TO 10
3b0 IF B%(J,K)=X THEN b%(J,K)=0 920 PRINT"[RIGHT2]"TAB(G*18}
360 NEXT K,J 930 FOR K=l TO 10
370 GOSUB 850 940 S=BS(J,K)!lF S=0 THEN PRINT"
380 PRINT MS"iriHITE]ENTER "S${X)" [RIGHT] " ; :GOTO 960
[SPACE3]" 950 PRINT CHRS(18}CHRS(5)LEFTS(SS(S),
390 GOSUB lt)40 l}CHRS(n6) ;
400 IF B%{V,h)<>0 THEN GOSUB y70 960 NEXT K:PRINT:NEXT J:KETUHN
:COTO 340 970 PRINT MS"[DOWN3,RVS]BAD ENTRY"
410 GOSUB 800 980 POKE SV+2,15;POKE SV,150
420 POKE 198,0:WAIT 198,1:GET D$ :FOR DE=1 TO 80:NEXT
430 CK=0:FOR Y = l TO 8 990 POKE SV+2,0
440 IF MID$("TYUGJBNM",Y,1)=D$THEN 460 1000 PRINT M$" [DOWN3,SPACt:ll] " ;HbTURN
450 NEXT Y:GOSUB 970:GOTO 420 1010 POKE SV+2,15:POKE SV,220
460 ON Y GOTO 470,480,490,500,510,520, iFOR DE=1 TO 25:NEXT
530,540 1020 FOR VO=15 TO 0 STEP-1
470 XD=~1 YD=-1:GOTO 550 :POKt; SV+2,VO:NEXT:Rfc:TURN
480 XD= 0 YD=-1:GOTO 550 1030 FOR Q=0 TO 24:POKE S6+Q,0:NEXT
490 XD= 1 YD=-1:GOTO 550 :RETURN
500 XD=-1 YD= 0:GOTO 550 1040 PRINT LEFTS(BTS,17)"[WHITE]
510 XD= 1 YD= OiGOTO 550 COORDINATES? (V,H)"
520 XD—1 YU= liGOTO 550 1050 PRINT"[SPACE4]":PR1NT"[UP]";
530 XD= 0 YD= 1:GOTO 550 1060 POKE 198,0:WAIT 196,1:GET V$
540 XD= 1 YD= l:G0TO 550 1070 IF ASC(V$)<48 OR ASC{VS)>57 THEN
550 L=1:B%(V,H)=X GOSUB 970:GOTO 1060
560 X1=H+XD:Y1=V+YD:L=L+1 1080 PRINT MS"[DOWN2]"VS"-";
570 IF Xl>10 OH Yl>10 THEN GOSUB 970 1090 POKE 198,0:WAIT 198,1:GET HS
:GOTO 340 1100 IF ASC(HS)<65 OR ASC(HS)>74 THEN
580 IF XK1 OR YK1 THEN GOSUB 970 GOSUB 970:GOTO 1090
:GOTO 340 1110 PRINT MS"[DOWN2,RIGHT2]"HS
590 IF B%(Y1,X1)<>0 THEN GOSUB 970 1120 H=ASC(HS)-64:V=ASC(VS)-4 7
:GOTO 340 1130 RETURN
600 B%(Y1,X1)=X 1140 POKE SV+2,10:EOR VO=250 TO 200
610 IF L<X THEN H=X1:V=Y1:GOT0 560 STEP-1:POKE SV,VO:FOR DE=1 TO 8
620 G=0:GOSUB 900 :NEXT Dfc),VO
630 NEXT X:GOSUB 850 1150 POKE 36879,42
640 GOTO 1190 1160 POKE SV,0:POKE SV+1,200
650 PRINT CHR$(19)CSlP) :FOR VO=15 TO 0 STEP-.05
660 PRINT"[SPACE2,CMDR PlHj" :POKE SV+2,VO:Nt:XT
670 PRINT"0[CMDR N,SHFT @10]" 1170 POKE SV+1,0:POKE 36879,8:RETURN
680 PRINT"1[CMDR N,SHFT @10]" 1180 PRINT MSBL$:FOR Q=l TO 3
690 PRINT"2[CMDR N,SHFT @10]" :PRINT BLS:NEXT:RETURN
700 PRINT"3[CMDR N,SHFT @I0]" 1190 GOSUB 1180
710 PRINT"4[CMDH N,SHFT 610]" 1200 P=G:CS(P)="[GREENj"
720 PRINT"5[CMDH N,SHFT @10]" 1210 GOSUB 650
POWERPLAY 103
CniflE PROCROmS Baudkship
1221) PRINT"[HOME,GREEN,SPACE 2]";N1S 1600 B=ASC{BS):HS=HS-1
1230 GV=0:PRINT LEM'S (BTS, 21) ; 1610 BS="[RVS]"+LEFTS(SS(B),1)+"
1240 PRINT"[RED,ShiT *21]"CHRS(19) [RVOFF] '■ :GOSUB 1160
1250 It BP=0 THEN GOSUb 1850 1620 GOTO 1640
:GOSUB 1920 1630 B$="*"
1260 GET||1,A$:IF A$=""OR BTOfl THEN 1640 PRINT"[HOME]":FOR U=l TO V:PR1NT
1340 : NEXT
127C If A$=E1$THEN 1520 1650 PRINT TAB(1+H)"[YELLOW]"B$
1280 IF A$=CHR$(134)THEN 1591; 1660 GOTO 134 0
1290 IF A$=ChRS(135JTHEN 1630 1670 REM JORQ=1TO1O0:PRINTft1,CHRS(0) ;
1300 IF A$<" "OR A$>"2"THEN 1340 :NEXT
1310 IF A$=CHR$(136)THEN 250 1680 PRINTfl1,F1S;
1320 MES=RIGHT$(MES+A$,21) 1690 GET#lf A$:IF ASOflSThEN 16(30
133D PRINT" [CYAN] " LEFTS (b'i'$, 20) WE$ 1700 FOR Q=l TO LEN(NS)
:POKE 212,0 :PRINTS1,MIDS(N$,Q,1);:NEXT
1340 IF MF=1 AND GV=D AND bP=0 THEN :PRINTt(l,CRS;
GOSUB llSOiPRlNT M$"(WHITb] 1710 N1S=""
YOUR TURN (Fl)" 1720 GET#1,A$:IF AS>=" "AND
1351) IF Mt'=0 AND GV=0 AND BP=0 THEN A$<="Z"THEN N1S=N1S+A$
GOSUE 1180 1730 IE1 ASOCHRS(13)THEN 1720
13C0 It bP THEN PRINT MS"[WHITE,DOWN] 1740 REM WHO GOES FIRST?
PRESS Fl TO PLAY" 1750 FOR X=l TO 100:PRINT#l,CHRS(0);
1370 GET A$:IF GV=1 THEN 1400 :NEXT
1380 IF A$=t'l$AND Mf=l AND BP=0 THEN 1760 WFS=CHRS(INT(RND(0)*100}+150)
14 90 1770 PRINTttl,WF$;
1390 IF AS=fl$AND Bf=l THEN BP=W 1780 GET* 1, AS: I*1 AS = 1'HEN 1770
:GOTO 260:REM END INITIAL CHAT 1790 IF ASC(AS)<150 OR ASC(AS)>249
MODE THEN 1780
14011 IF HS=0 THEN GV=1:GOSUB 1180 1800 IP WF$=A$THEN 1750
:PRINT MSNS" ftINS!":GOSUB 1960 1810 MF=0:ME'S="SECOND" : It' WF$>A$THEN
:GOTO 250 MF=1:MF$="FIRST"
1410 It' TS = D THEN GV=1:GOSUB 1180 1820 GOSUB 1180:PRINT M$"[WHITE]
:PRINT M$N1$" WINS!":GOSUB I960 WE GO "MFS
:GOTO 250 1830 FOR X=l TO 100:PRINT#1,CHRS(0) ;
1420 IF A$>="[SHFT A]"AND AS<=" :NEXT
[SHFT 2]"THEN AS=CKRS(ASC(AS) 1840 RETURN
-128) 1850 PRINT#1,DSS;
1430 IF A$=CHR$(16UJTHEN AS=" " 1860 GET#1,A$:IF AS=DSSTHEN 1880
1440 Ifc1 A$<" "OR A$>"Z"THEN 1260 1870 PRINT MS"[WHITE)PLEASE WAIT..."
145(1 A1S=A$:IF AS=CHR$(34)THEN A1S= :GOTO 1850
1460 MY$=RIGHT$(MYS+A1S,21) 1880 PRINTI1,CHR$(255);
1470 PRINT"[YELLOW]"LEFTS(BTS, 1890 GET|1,AS:IF ASOCHRS ( 255) THEN
22)MYSCHRS(19) 1890
1480 PR1NTS1.AS;:GOTO 1260 1900 RETURN
1490 GOSUB 1180:GOSUB 1040:GOSUB 1180 1910 FOR DELAY=1 TO 1000:NEXT:RETURN
1500 PRINT#1,F1SCHRS(H)CHR$(V) ; 1920 PRINT"[HOME]"TAB(15)"[YELLOW]
1510 MF=U:GOTO 1260 UNITS"
1520 CET«1,H$:IF HS=""THEN 1520 1930 PRINT TAB(15)"LEFT:"
1530 GET#1,V$;IF VS=""THEN 1530 1940 PRINT TAB(16)"[SPACE4,LEFT4]";TS
1540 H=ASC(H$):V=ASC{VS):NF=1 1950 RETURN
:B=B%(V,H) 1960 PRINT«1,CHRS(136);:GOSUB 1910

1550 IF B = 0 OR B = l THEN PRINTttl, :RETURN
CHRS(135);:PRINT M$"[WHITE] 197D REM SIGNAL OTHER COMPUTER YOU ARE
"N1S" MISSED" 1980 REM READY, WAIT FOR HIS SIGNAL
1555 IF B=D OR B=l THEN GOSUB 1910 1990 PRINT"[CLEAR,CYAN]
:GOTO 1340 WAITING FOR OTHER[SPACE5]
1560 GOSUB 1920:PRINT)tl, PLAYER..-"
CHRS(134)CHRS(B); 2000 PRINT#1,"[SPACE3]PUSH THE Fl
1570 GOSUB 114O:PR1NT MS"[WHITE] KEY.[SPACE2](I HAVE!)"
"N1S" GETS A HIT!":TS=TS-1 2010 PRINTfil,CHRS(7);
:GOSUB 1910 2020 GET#1,A$:IF ASOCHRS (7 ) THEN 2010
1580 B% (V,H)=1:GOTO 1340 2030 FOR X=l TO 10:PRINT#1,CHRS(7);
1590 GET#1,BS:IF B$=""THEN 159C :NEXT:RETURN .END
104 AUGUST'SEPTEMBER 85
C0I11PUTER TUTOR HY IAN ADAM
The Dirty instructions to the computer as a

steady diet of binary ones and zeros.
Just about any program It's hundreds of times faster than
Dozen - Twelve can be speeded up with BASIC, because binary is your com
puter's native language. Unfortunate
some careful attention to
Ways to Faster ly, what's easy for the computer is not
so great for the programmer While
detail
BASIC
machine language is fast, it's also
more difficult to program and could
take a long time to master.
V/ommodore BASIC is a fine lan
guage. It's easy to learn, easy to use The Easy Ways
and applicable to a wide range of But this article isn't about the ex
computing tasks. The name is an pensive or difficult ways of speeding
acronym for Beginner's Ail-Purpose up your programs—it's about the
Symbolic Instruction Code, and that easy ways, So herewith are 12 ways
about sums it up. In addition to its of speeding up BASIC, all free and all
flexibility and case of use, BASIC has easy to use. They will cost you noth
other, technical advantages. It is low ing more than some small changes in
in cost and needs relatively little your programming habits and a little
memory space to operate. These are attention to details.
all strong advantages for a home- In order to write faster programs,
computing language. you must have a clear understanding
One thing BASIC is not noted for, of what each step of your program is
however, is speed. In a word, the lan expected to achieve. It also helps to
guage is sslloooooww. There are know how BASIC deals with your
many cases where this is not a prob instructions and how long each step
lem. In an interactive program, for ex takes to execute. You see. some
ample, the speed of BASIC is usually BASIC functions are much faster than
just fine. In fact, it often has to be others. Later on, we'll be looking at
deliberately slowed down with delay exactly how long each function takes
loops. At other times, though, waiting to execute. For now, we'll settle for
for BASIC can range Irom a nuisance some fundamental rules to accelerate
to a downright embarrassment One execution.
program I wrote recently would have Let's start with something simple
required over two weeks to execute but surprising. Every time BASIC en
fullyi But after some fairly extensive counters a number in one of your pro
surgery and use of the tricks I'll show ing this advantage. BASIC runs much gram lines, it must first convert that
you heie, it now runs in about 15 more slowly. number from the decimal form you
minutes. The results will not be this There are several different ap entered it in. to the binary form that
dramatic in every case, but just about proaches to speeding up your pro the computer "thinks" in This oper
any program can be speeded up with gramming. Some of these ways are ation must be completed before any
some careful attention to detail. expensive or difficult. For example, further steps can be taken and it is
In large measure, BASIC'S slow you could buy a compiler. There are time-consuming Here is a very typi
ness is due directly to its strengths. several excellent products available cal use of a decimal number to move a
First, because it is so flexible, it has to on the market that, just like more sprite on the Commodore 64:
be very thorough about every instruc complex languages, will compile your FOR 1 = 1 TO 100 : POKE 53248.
tion, checking and double-checking BASIC program into a form of ma PEEK(53248) + 1
each and every detail. Of course, this chine code. As a result, it can run NEXT
is slow. Second, because it is so eco many times faster. But they do in This is an operation that could po
nomical of cost and memory, BASIC volve a cost. Alternatively, you could tentially be executed very quickly by
simply interprets your program line- buy a different, specialized language BASIC, except that the repeated con
by-line as it runs. Other, more com for your computer, such as FOR version from decimal (53248) to binary
plex languages go through a two- TRAN, Pascal, LOGO or many others. slows it down. In this example, the
stage RUN process. In the first stage, Depending on the task, they may be operation could occur almost ten
your program is "compiled," that is, much faster, though you may miss times as fast if the decimal interpreta
converted to a form of machine code, some of the flexibility and conve tion could be eliminated.
before actually running In the second nience of BASIC. In comparison, looking up the value
stage, only machine code is run, re The ultimate language for speed is of a variable in memory is a relatively
sulting in much greater speed. Lack- machine language, which feeds your fast operation. This immediately
POWERPLAY 105
COmPUTER TUTOR
makes obvious our first speed trick— ple statements on one line, for exam
if a constant is to be used repeatedly, ple. Spaces between keywords are
define it as a variable at the start of using these 12 tricks not necessary in Commodore BASIC
the program. This could be critical (unlike some others) and should be
with, for example, any program that in a program you find to removed. As BASIC recognizes only
uses repeated pokes to set up a
graphics or sound display.
be too slow. With just a the first two characters of a variable
name, any longer names are redun
Using our example above, the re little effort, surprising dant and should be truncated.
vised code would be: Minimize REMarks. Although REM
X - 53248 : A = PEEK] X ) results can usually be itself uses little time, each character
FOR I = A + 1 TO A + 100: POKE
achieved. in the remark adds time as the com
X, I :NEXT puter searches for the end of Che line.
This will operate many times faster It is common to start a section of a
than the first version; the difference ed together (i.e., integer, floating program or a subroutine with a line
in graphics animation would be stun point and string), so you must consid containing only a REMark In this
ning. er all types when deciding in what case, a GOTO or GOSUB can point to
A little experimentation will reveal order Co define them. Array variables the second line of the program sec
Che reason for the second trick. BASIC are listed separately from non-arrays, tion, by-passing the REM entirely.
stores your variables in memory in ttie however. 8. Minimize GOTO's and GOSUB's
same order they were defined. As a 3. Avoid higher math functions if and choose them carefully. Although
result, it can find or store Che first at all possible. Obviously there are these commands are reasonably fast,
variable defined a lot faster than the many cases where this is not possi their argument must be translated
tenth or twentieth variable. For maxi ble, but if it is, the time savings are from a decimal to a binary integer.
mum speed, the most frequently used considerable. Where certain math Commodore BASIC uses a different
variables should always be defined functions must be used repeatedly in method of conversion that is faster
first. side a loop, it may be faster to calcu than for other numbers, but it still
Now Chat you get the gist of what late the values first and pass them takes time, as does searching for the
we're doing, here are all 12 tricks. into the loop as variables. target line.
Most of them are self-explanatory. 4 Avoid array variables like the A useful feature of Commodore
Take the time to study them and un plague. As with trick number three, BASIC is that it will begin searching
derstand how they work. Try using there are many cases where array var for a line number at one of two differ
them in a program you find to be too iables are an essential element of pro ent places. The line number is stored
slow. With just a little effort, surpris gramming. In other cases, however, as a two-byte integer and is com
ing results can usually be achieved. they are used just as a convenience. It pared to the number of each line in
should be recognized that they are succession. If the target line number
The Dirty Dozen very slow Simply finding the variable is higher than the present line num
1. Retrieving a variable is much can take three to five times as long as ber, BASIC will begin searching im
faster than interpreting a decimal finding a simple variable and still mediately. If the target line is equal to
number. If a constant is to be used more time is required to interpret the or lower than the current line number,
frequently throughout a program, de subscript The total access time can then it will begin searching at the
fine it as a variable instead. The larger easily be up to 20 times as high as for beginning of the program.
or more complex the number, the a simple variable. Does this sound confusing? It isn't
greater the savings—up to ten or 20 5. When printing, use one long really. Say you are in line 1000, A
times as fast. Where a variable is to string rather than printing a series of small jump forward, such as GOTO
be set to zero, the fastest method is to small strings separately. Avoid scroll 1020. will be very quick. If. however,
use the decimal point (as in X = .). ing the screen—a slow function. It is the instruction is GOTO 990. then
2. Define variables in order, from much faster to clear the screen and BASIC will go right back to the start
most-used to least-used. The first start over, TAB is quite slow, too, of the program to begin searching for
variable defined can be handled since it repeatedly prints cursor right, line 990. This may take some time,
much faster than subsequent varia instead of jumping to the destination. particularly if there are a lot of inter
bles. Variables may be defined by a 6 Clear program structure is as vening lines The moral is, limit your
DIM statement (even for non-array important to the computer as to the self to small jumps forward, or else
variables), or simply by giving them reader. A program that jumps about jump to near the beginning of the pro
values. Where part of a program is circuitously from line to line will gen gram. This is the reason for placing
executed repeatedly, such as the erally run slowly. Examine program frequently-used subroutines near the
main contiol loop of a game using structure carefully to see whether it front of the program with low line
graphics, it is a worthwhile exercise can be simplified; place frequently- numbers, so they can be found easily
to simply count how many times each used parts at the front. 9. GOSUB is faster than GOTO if
variable is used and multiply by the 7. Crunch the BASIC code. Com you will be coming back to the same
number of times each line will be ex pact code is fast code and there are location in the program later This is
ecuted. All types of variables are list many ways to achieve this. Put multi because the RETURN instruction is
106 AUGUST 'SEPTEMBER '85

tOniPUTER TUTOR
extremely fast. The location is stored sarily have to know machine lan
in binary and is jumped to immedi guage to do this. A number of
ately. No searching is necessary. A choice you will have to interesting subroutines have been
In a similar manner, a FOR..NEXT
loop can be a very fast way to carry make—is it more published, in this journal and else
where, to carry out various time-con
out multiple calculations. It is certain important for your suming tasks. All that's necessary is
ly much faster than a structure involv to poke the specified data into mem
ing a whole series of tests and condi particular program to be ory and access it with a SYS call. And
tional GOTO's. The same reason for
this prevails—the location of the start
fast or to be readable? remember .. Commodore BASIC al
lows you to use a variable for the ad
of the loop is stored in binary. When dress, as in:
NEXT is encountered, all necessary than the jiffy clock. MC = 49152
tests are performed in machine code 12. If your computer has specja! FOR I = 1 TO 100 : SYS MC :
and the jump to the start of the loop is graphics modes that you aren't using, NEXT
made immediately. All decimal con turn them off. The video chip has spe
stants are converted to binary only cial privileges, sort of "visiting Application
once at the start of the loop, thus rights" on the memory bus. Known as Well. I promised you a dozen dirty
saving conversion time on each iter Direct Memory Access (or DMA), this tricks, but it ended up being a baker's
ation, allows the chip to halt the central pro dozen. No charge for the extra one1
10. IF...THEN is one of the fastest cessor while it looks up information Try to keep them in mind next time
BASIC functions, but even it can be on the screen display, character you want to speed up a program.
helped along sometimes. One com ROM. etc. While this is in progress, Some parts of a program may not
mon example is this: no calculating can be done. warrant much attention. Instructions,
IF A = 5 ANDB + C<12THEN ., On the VIC 20 and Commodore 64, for example, or housekeeping chores
This statement can be made to ex the video screen can be turnod off that are carried out only occasionally,
ecute much faster—sometimes two completely There is some danger in do not use much time nor offer much
to three times faster—if it is ex this, of course. If your program en potential for savings What most pio-
pressed like this: counters an error and stops running, grams do have, however, is a main
IFA = 5THENIFB + C<12 you will not be aware of this if the loop, an area or areas where state
THEN screen is blanked. However, if you ments are repeatedly executed, per
This is an inherently faster series of have confidence in your program, haps thousands of times. Whether
commands. The rea! savings, how blanking the screen is a viable way to thrs loop is the graphics display of a
ever, are gained if A does not equal improve operating time. For the 64, game program or the repeated calcu
five. In that case, BASIC simply ig the screen display adds six to seven lations of balance outstanding on a
nores everything else in the state percent to the running time and mortgage, this is where you should
ment. sprites add up to another five percent. concentrate your efforts.
Another improvement can be ob (On some other well known home Remember, too, that you can com
tained from the much-ignored ON computers, graphics modes can add bine various hints for best effect. For
statement. This simple command can 50 percent or morel) example, suppose you frequently
replace a whole series of IF ... THEN Here are the necessary commands need an integer fiom zero to 15 in
statements with one fast, easy line. for the 64: your program The usual coding
11, One function that can often be POKE 53265,11 ... turns screen off, would be:
avoided is RaNDom. If you just want a for a time X = INT ( RND (- TI) * 15 )
value that varies from time to time saving of 6-'/z%. Remembering trick number one,
and doesn't have to be truly random, POKE 53265,27 ... return to normal define the constants first:
you can get one from tho ]iffy clock. text screen, JC = 162 : FT = 15
This is a set of three registers that is POKE 53269,0 ... turns off all Then, when you need a "random"
updated 60 times every second and is sprites, for a further number, just use trick eleven:
used to generate TI and TI$. PEEK saving of up to 5%. X = PEEK ( JC ) AND FT
(162 ) will yield a random value from For the VIC 20 or other machines, And please...leave out the spaces1
zero to 255 on the VIC 20 and 64. consult your users' manual for special One interesting point to note: A
Another source of a random num requirements. program that is written to be fast may
ber on the 64 is the sound chip. Voice If you are really adventurous, you not be very readable. Leaving out
three can be set to white noise with could carry this concept a step further REM's and spaces, changing the
POKE 54287, 255 : POKE 54290. 129. and turn off the normal hardware in structure of thfl program and using
The output is silenced with POKE terrupt. However, this is a job best left obscure peeks and pokes all tend to
54296, 143. A pseudo-random num to experts, who don't mind crashing make a program hard to read or edit
ber can then be obtained by reading their machines. That, however, is just a choice you
the output of this voice, using PEEK 13. Finally, when all else fails, you will have to make—is it more impor
( 54299). This is more work, but it can always insert a machine-lan tant for your particular program to be
behaves in a more random manner guage subroutine. You don't neces fast or to be readable'' Q
POWERPIAY 107
lUTuF BV JERRY AND BETH' SCHUELEH
K )Wf .T he cot inii i section i are titlet i Sectii >n A, S action
ect ion C. Each sec .ion holds eight e quares Each
s ;s Of it e I )< ii 11 11it ic m l] Fi 01
E an dS
n s 3U£ ire rer. res ent s one bi : of data, A bit rep rest mts a
b ina ry lur nbe r a id can h< ive only t •no vali les: on or off,
I re bal riy the hi irdi JSt pa: t 0 Epi og1 arr mi tig yoi. r o wn 0 r ir th is c asi ;, e mpty or f ull. Eight bits m ake one byte,
sp rite s i j W ork inc. ui e c at€ fo ' tr e s pri te t lefi niti on s oe nch se 3tic n o n each ro w represG nts one byteo data,
Tc m ake th is .as c e asif ;r. ■na. iy pec jple UE e I >ub lie do- Tl ie jric Ib sgii is with c 11 square ; clear or emr. ty. In
3fir e a sprite, e imply fill in the square s that
m ain or cor nm etc ial spr te ma ser pr xjr im. 3.1 he: set iro- 0 rde r t< id
wil !dc m ucl loi thi 3 W ork foi it. :■!. ■ex ample sp rite in Fig ure 1 w as con; truct-
gr am s ai e e as; -to us e a nd y ou wa
yo u. He «ei 'er th 3y wo rk ( ml1 'if yo j h ave ac ce: !S t o a e dt 3l0 ok ike al J.FO. Th e filled-in square S Will c ppear
cc mp ute i an in m Ultl -us eri am ilie s, c om pu1 er 3CC ess 0 ntl \Bi ere en Tr e empty squares v 'ill conl ain the back-
tir ne s c fte i Ii nit sd. g rou nd CO lor. In this ex£ mple, thf : ompt y squa res in
Foi in sta rice . ii 1 0 il f ;xt( •nci ed far lily w e c fte i h sve s : ■ i ion B< )fP ow 5 represe nt windo wsor p 3itsalo igthe
tVi 'O { ir i nor 3 p eoj; ile wa ntii ig ise a ;on ipu ter at the n nd ile of the sp aceship. Don't wo rry abc ut the rough
sa me tii ne. 0 le pei sor i rr ay ne ed to typ e i 'P i t< jnn u ne' /en ap pe; rar ce of line s made b / the sc [uares. These
pe , a lot tier m< lyi ee d tc te ;ta CO mp ute rpi og arr foi V /ill loc k t un 'ed on the screen w len re Juced :o the
P£
EC hot >). i. vhi es am eor lee Ise ms y v /an ttc de sig na spi ite a ctu alf ize of the sprite,
Tc i m ake SU re sve rye ne has ar ec ua op poi tur dty to USE A fter dr aw ng your spn te in the grid by filling in the
th e c om pu ers , v /e ns st .ha t al IP reli uii iarj ' W ork be e PP op -iat esi [ua res, you \ vill need t o calcu .ate the num-
dc ne in ndv ant :e. Alt 101 gh thi sm eai is a lit Jei noi evi ort t ers UE ed in the data sta ;ements c f your prograi n. Be-
or e /er /on e's PE irt, Wf i fi nd th it n he loi >g run , i c au! ;e sac tl i ect ion of ee ch row r spresei its one byte,
te act es bel ter we rk hat 11 tS an irt tsp 3Ct for tht !pi ivil ege e acl igi ou; JOl eic ht squan ;s must b 3 reduc edtoa single
of us thE 'CC mp Utf its. fc yte of da ta. Th i five col jinns on the rig it side of the
On e t riin 9 ' we ha /e doi 18 to ■na thi "' P reli ■nir ar} c esi gn gri i a ■e t d help yo j go from your s arite dr awing
w ark al: ttle ea sie -— anc to he pt sac h t lei urn ian len tals t : tl ie ( iati I St ate ments of
your proc iram. I nder tl ie col-
of sp ite mi ikii ig- -is to de\ ise al orr 1 (C nr. >ap 31) tha tal t mr he ad id 3a: 5IC LINE enter the line ni imber c >f your
of us USI 3 W tiei id< ifir inc ou rsi srit 3S. Th 3fe rm is 33S /tc P roc rar n v the re .he coire sponding three Dytes c f data
UE e 3V6 n for int 3Xp erii :nc ed pr sgr am ne ■s. Wt i h ave V /ill go. Th eE AS .C staten lent, DAT A, has already been
fo jnc Ith at, wil h c nly ai ittk i pi act ice it wil w Drk aln 1OS a dd< 3d] n e acl l ro w for you r conveni snee.
as fa; it a s a sp ite -m; ike -pi ogi am TJ ie col jm 1 h eaded S JM OF 7 i is vj] lere yc u will
As yc U ( ■an se b i i F igu re 1. iie sp rite d< «i£ m i jric F lac ett iet iytf iOf data obt< lined fron i Sectic n A, fo r each
cc nsi sts of 50-1 sq uai es. Th ere ar 3 2' Ice ilui nns ar 'an gee r JW Si nili lily , SI JMOFB is for date from ! lection B and
in thi ee sec tio 1S< >fe igh tec ilui nns es ch anc ith ere an >21 S U^ to FC is for data frorr Section
-i
SEC non A SEC nor. B SEC IION c

SUM SUM SUM
12B
BASIC OF OF OF
■.- 32 16 B 4 2 1 ■ - 64 32 16 e 4 2 i 128 64 32 16 a 4 2 i
LINE DATA A R c
i
100 DATA 0 0 0
2 Figure 1. '10 DATA 0 .■!, 0
3 Example Sprite '20 0 US 0

-1
130 OATA T91
5 140 DATA 1-1 170 2JQ
6
150 DATA U3 255 252
7
160 DATA G3 2« 252
B
1 70 DATA 63 255 252
9
1B0 DATA 33 255 132
10
190 DATA 32 255 4
1 1
200 DATA 32 126
!2
210 DATA U2 0 '4
13 220 DATA 112 0 14
14
230 DATA 112 0 IJ
15 HO DATA 0 0 0
ie 250 DATA 0 n 0
17
OATA 0 Q 0
18
270 DATA 0 0 o
19
260 DATA 0 0 0
20
■ n 290 DATA 0 0 0
21 300 : ;,-■ 1 ;■■ 0 0 0
108 AUGUST .'SEPTEMBER 85

COmPUTOR TUTOR
Look at Row 1 of the example in Figure 1 The entire number is then inserted under the column titled SUM
row consists of empty squares. Each empty square OF A in Row 5. The next byte (Row 5. Section B) is
counts as a zero, which makes our calculations easy found by: 128 X 1 = 128
because any number multiplied by zero is a zero. The 64 X 0 = 0
rule to follow here is this: The value of each square (zero 32 X 1 = 32
if empty or one if filled) is multiplied by the number 16 X 0 = 0
above each column (i.e., either 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 or 8 X 1 = 8
1). The value of the byte is then calculated by adding up 4 X 0 = 0
the eight products of the previous multiplications. For 2 X 1 = 2
each section of each row, multiply the value of the first 1 X 0 = 0
square (zero or one) by 128. Then multiply the value of
Sum of Section B, Row 5 = 170
the second square (zero or one) by 64 and so on for all
The value of this byte of data is ' :70. This is placed
eight squares. Then add up the eight products and
under the column heading SUM OF B for Row 5. The
place the sum in the corresponding block on the right
value for Section C of Row 5 is found the same way:
side of the grid
128 X. 1 = 128
In order to make sure you understand this process,
64 X 1 = 64
look at Row 5. In Section A of Row 5. we have the
32 X 1 = 32
following:
16 X 1 = 16
128 x 0 - 0 8 X 0-0
64 x 0 = 0 4 X 0 = 0
32 x 0 = 0 X0 0
16 x 0 = 0 x 0 0
8X1 = 8 Sum of Section C, Row 5 = 240
4X1 = 4 This value is placed under SUM OF C. In the same
2X1 = 2 way, all 63 bytes of the sprite must be calculated. When
1X0 = 0
you are finished as shown in the example, you will be
Sum of Section A, Row 5 = 14 ready to program your sprite. Just type the line numbets
The value of the byte is calculated to be 14. This directly from the sprite design grid into your program Q
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POWERPLAY 109
COmPUTER TUTOR HV I.\RRY CREKXl.KV. COMMODORE SENIOR
TECHNICAL WRITER
er sweeps through and plays each
Introduction to level of the entire range of frequency

values according to the stop value,
You can produce starting at the MIN frequency. The
SOUND on the interesting sound effects swoop is incremented or decrement
ed by the step value (SV) according to
Commodore with the Commodore the direction specified by the DIR pa

rameter,
128's SOUND
128
The seventh parameter (WF) se
statement, using up to lects the waveform for the sound. The

final setting in the SOUND command
three voices. determines the width of the vanable-
M he Commodore 128 has one of the pulse waveform if it is selected as the
most sophisticated built-in sound waveform parameter.
synthesizers available in a microcom quency downward Now try these example SOUND
puter The synthesizer, called the 2 = Oscillate the fre commands.
Sound Interface Device (SID], is a sin quency up and down
SOUND 1, 4096, 60
gle chip dedicated solely to generat M1N — Select the minimum fre
ing sound and music The SID chip is quency (0-65535) if the The Commodore 128 plays a short,
capable of producing three indepen sweep (DIR) is specified high-pitched beep. The computer is
dent voices (sounds) simultaneously. SV — Choose the step value for playing voice one at a frequency of
Each of the voices can be played in the sweep (0-32767) 4096 for a duration of one second (60
one of four types of sounds, called WF — Select the waveform (0-3) times 1/60).
waveforms. The SID chip also has 0 = Triangle Change the frequency with this
programmable Attack, Decay, Sus 1 = Sawtooth statement
tain and Release (ADSR) parameters 2 = Variable Pulse
SOUND 1. 8192, 60
for each waveform. Those parameters 3 = White Noise
define the quality of a sound In addi PW — Set the pulse width, the Notice that this second example plays
tion, the synthesizer has a filter you width of the variable- a higher tone than the last one, As
can use to choose certain sounds, pulse waveform you increase the frequency setting,
eliminate others, and modify the The DIE, MIN. SV, WF and PW pa the Commodore 128 increases the
characteristics of a sound. rameters appearing in brackets are pitch of the tone.
To make it easy for you to select optional. Now place the SOUND statement
and manipulate the many capabilities The first parameter (VC) in the within a FOR...NEXT loop. This al
of the SID chip, Commodore has in SOUND statement selects which lows you to play the complete range
corporated new and powerful BASIC voice will be played. The second pa of frequencies within the loop, Add
sound and music statements into the rameter (FREQ) determines the fre these statements to your program:
128's 7 0 BASIC This article concen quency of the sound, which ranges
trates on the new SOUND command.
50-FORI = 1 TO 65535 STEP 100
from zero through 65535. The third
60 SOUND 1,1, 1
SOUND is designed for creating fast setting (DUR) specifies the amount of
70 NEXT
and easy sound effects in your own time the sound is played. The dura
BASIC programs. tion is measure in sixtieths of a sec This program segment plays the
ond. If you want to play a sound for variable-pulse waveform in the range
The SOUND Statement one second, set the duration to 60, of frequencies from one through
Format since 60 times 1/60 equals one. To 65535 in increments of 100. from low
The format for the SOUND state play the sound ten seconds, make the est frequency to highest. If you don't
ment is as follows; SOUND VC, duration 600, and so on, specify the waveform, the computer
FREQ, DUR [,DIRj [,M1N1 [,SV] |,WFj The fourth parameter (DIR) selects selects the default value of voice one.
| ,HWj Here's what the parameters the direction in which the frequency the variable-pulse waveform.
stand for: of the sound is incremented or decre Now change the waveform with
VC —Select voice 1, 2 or 3 mented. This is referred to as the the following program line (60) and try
FREQ — Set the frequency level of sweep. The fifth setting (MIN) sets the program again.
sound (0-65535) the minimum frequency where the
60 SOUND 1,1, 1,0.0,0, 0, 0
DUR — Set duration of the sound sweep begins The sixth setting (SV)
(in sixtieths of a second) is the step value of the sweep. It is Now the program plays voice one
DIR — Set the direction in which similar to the step value in a FOR- using the triangle waveform, for the
the sound is incremen ...NEXT loop. If the DIR, MIN and SV range of frequencies between one
ted/decremented values are specified in the SOUND and 65535 in increments of 100. This
0 = Increment the fre command, the sound is first played at sounds like a typical sound effect in
quency upward the original level specified by the popular arcade games. Try waveform
1 = Decrement the fre- FREQ parameter Then the synthesiz one, the sawtooth waveform, and see
COmPUTER TUTOR
how it sounds with this line: planet it into your computer, save and run it.
Experiment further with the Here's a quick explanation of the
60 SOUND 1. I, 1,0.0,0, 1,0
SOUND statement. Until now, you program in Listing 2. Lines 20 and 30
The sawtooth waveform sounds have been programming in only one print the introductory messages on
similar to the triangle waveform, al voico. You can produce interesting the screen. Lines 40 through GO input
though it has less buzz. Finally, try sound effects with the SOUND state the voice, frequency and duration pa
the white noise waveform (3). Substi ment using up to three voices. Listing rameters. Line 70 asks if you want to
tute this line for line 60: 1 is a fun program that uses three enter the optional SOUND param
voices. Type it into your computer eters, such as the sweep settings and
60 SOUND 1, I. 1, 0.0.0.3.0
and RUN it. Press the STOP key to waveform. If you don't want to speci
Now the program loop plays the stop the program. fy these parameters, press the "N"
white-noise generator for the entire The program In Listing 2 will help key and the program jumps to line 140
range of frequencies. At first, there is you understand how to program tfie and plays the sound. If you do want to
a low-pitched rumbling sound. As the Commodore 128 synthesizer chip. specify the optional SOUND settings,
frequency increases in the loop, the The program asks for each SOUND press the "Y" key and the program
pitch increases, which sounds like a parameter and plays the sound. Type continues with line 90. Lines 90
rocket taking off.
So far we have not specified all of
PUS AUTHE
the parameters in the SOUND state
ment. In line 60 for example, the three
zeros following 1, I, 1 pertain to the
RIGHT ( JTTDNSAND
sweep parameters within the SOUND
statement. Since none of the param
eters is specified, the SOUND does
you com BE THE NEXT

not sweep. Add this line to your pro
gram1
100 SOUND 1. 49152. 240, 1, 0.
AMERICAN IN SPACE.
100, 1,0
Line 100 starts the sweep frequen

cy at 49152 and decrements the
sweep by 100 m the downward direc The race for space is not a game. It's a reality. That's why
tion until it reaches the minimum
we developed a program that will challenge your
sweep frequency at zero. Voice one,
using the sawtooth waveform (1), ability. Expand your mind. And keep you
plays each SOUND for four seconds fascinated for hours. Project Space Sta- r
(240 * 1/60 second). Line 100 sounds tion is the most sophisticated way to
like a bomb dropping, as in many
"shoot 'em up" arcade games.
learn to design and operate a space
Now change the parameters in line station. You'll even use the
100 For instance, change the direc elements of the actual process
tion of the sweep to two (oscillate),
NASA uses in their design.
change the minimum frequency of
the sweep to 32768, and increase the
You can take on the mission
step value to 3000. The new SOUND yourself, or bring along your_,
command looks like this: family and friends. So get
110 SOUND 1, 49152, 240, 2, working on Project Space
32768, 3000, 1 Station today. America's astro
Line 110 makes a siren sound—you nauts are counting on you.
know the sound I mean, when you
look in your rear-view mirror and real
ize the police are right on your tail.
PROJECT SPACE STATION BY HESWARE
For a more pleasant sound, try this:
110 SOUND 1, 55535, 250. 0,

32763, 3000, 2, 2600
Suggested Retail $24.95
This should remind you of a popular
CONTACT YOUR LOCAL DEALER OR ORDER FACTORY DIRECT:
space-age TV show, when our favor HESWARE P.O.BOX631 S. SAN FRANCISCO, CA. 94083-0631
ite space-exploration crew checks the ADD S2.00 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING. VISA AND MASTERCARD AVAILABLE.
"dry quarter reading" on the alien

POWERPLAV 111
COmPUTER TUfOR
through 120 specify the sweep direc the Sound Player program, press the
40 V = !NT(RND(1)*3)4-1
tion, minimum sweep frequency, RUN/STOP and RESTORE keys at the
sweep step value and waveform. Line same time. The notation RND(l) specifies the
130 inputs the pulse width of the vari seed value of the random number.
able-pulse waveform only if waveform Random Sounds The seed is the base number generat
two (variable-pulse) is selected. Final The program in Listing 3 generates ed by the computer. The "1" tells the
ly, line 140 plays the SOUND accord random sounds using the RND func computer to generate a new seed
ing to the parameters that you speci tion. Each SOUND parameter is cal each time the command is encoun
fied earlier in the program. culated randomly Type the program tered. Since the Commodore 128 has
Line 150 asks if you want to hear into your computer, save it and run it. three voices, the line tells the com
the SOUND again. If you do, press the This program illustrates how many puter to generate a random number
"Y" key; otherwise, press the "N" thousands of sounds you can produce within the range zero through three.
key. Line 160 checks to see if you by specifying various combinations oi Notice however, that there is no voice
pressed the "Y" key. If you did, pro the SOUND parameters. zero, so the " +1" in line 40 tells the
gram control is returned to line 140 Lines 20 and 30 print parameter computer to generate a random num
and the program plays the SOUND column headings and the underline. ber in the range between one and
again. If you do not press the "Y" key, Lines 40 through 110 calculate each three. The procedure for generating a
the program continues with lino 170, SOUND parameter within its specific random number in a specific range is
which returns program control to line range. For example, line 40 calculates to multiply the seed value times the
20 and the program repeats To stop the voice number as follows: maximum value of the parameter (in
this case, three). If the minimum val
ue of the parameter is greater than
Listing 1. Three Voices
zero, add the random number to a
1U0 SOUND 1 49152,250,1 0, 100, 1 ,1000 value that specifies the minimum val
110 SOUND 2 49152,250,2 32768,3000 , 1 ue of the range of numbers you want
1 50 SOUND 3 32768,250,2 32768,3000 , 2, 2600
to generate (in this case, one), For
200 SOUND 1 65500,180,0 1000,100,3
205 SOUND 2 49152,250,I 0, 100, 1,1000 instance, line 50 generates a random
250 SOUND 3 32768,250,2 32768,3000 , 2, 2600 IMD number in the range between zero
and 65535. Since the minimum value
Listing 2. Sound Player
is zero in this case, you do not need to
10 REM SOUND PLRYER add a value to the seed.
20 PRINT:PRIHT:PRINT:PRINT"3 SOUND PLRYER":
Line 120 prints the values of the
PRINT:PRINT:PRINT
parameters, Line 130 plays the sound
30 PRINT" INPUT SOUND PRRRMETERS TO PLRY" ■PRINTTRINT
40 INPUT "VOICE <1-3>";V specified by the random numbers
30 INPUT "FREQUENCY <0-65333)"JF generated in lines 40 through 110
60 INPUT "DURHTIQN (0-32767)"JB■PRINT Line 140 delays the program for four
78 INPUT"WRNT TO SPECIFY OPTIONflL PRRRMETERS Y/N";B*:pRINT seconds while the sound is playing
80 IF B*-"N" THEN 140
Line 150 turns off the sound after the
90 INPUT "SWEEP DIRECTION 0=UP,l=D0WN,2=0SCILL";DIR
four-second delay All sounds gener
100 INPUT "MINIMUM SWEEP FREQUENCY <0-65535)";M
110 INPUT "SWEEP STEP VRLUE (0-32767)";S ated by this program play for the
120 INPUT "WflVEFORM <0»TRI,1=SRW-2=VRR PUL,3=NQISE";W same amount of time, since they are
130 IF W=2 THEN INPUT "PULSE WIDTH <0-4095)";P all turned off after four seconds with
140 SOUND ••!, F, V, DIR.. M, S. W, P line 150. Finally, line 160 returns con
150 INPIJT"DO VOU WflNT TO HERR THE SOUND RGflIN V/N"iRI trol to line 20, and the process is re
160 IF R$="Y"THEN 140 peated until you press the RUN/STOP
170 GOTO20 END
and RESTORE keys at the same time.
Listing 3. Random Sounds So £ar you have experimented with
19 REM RRNCQM SOUNDS sample programs using only the
20 PRINT"VC FREQ DIR KIN SV WF PW " SOUND statement. Although you can
30 PRINT" " use the SOUND statement to play
40 V=INTtRND<n*3) + l:REM VOICE
musical scores, it is best suited for
50 F=INT<RND<1>*65535> FREQ
60 D=INT<RND<i:)*32767> :REM DURflTION
quick and easy sound effects like the
70 DIR=INTCRND<O*3) REM STEP DIR ones in the above examples. The
80 r1=INT<RNII<l>*65535> :REf1 fllH FREQ Commodore 128 has other statements
■ iii Q^TJJTr'C'^Jrif' 1 ''i ti£*y!2~7£.'y "\
O In I iihlllJ ., I ^JUjif Of / REM STEP VRL designed specifically for song play
100 W=INTCRND';i)*4J : REM WRVEFORtt ing. Upcoming issues will describe
110 P=INT<RNDO)#4095) ^REf1 PULSE W the advanced sound and music state
120 printv; F;DIR;M,s;w;p:print,print
ments that enable you to play com
130 SOUND V, F, D, DIR, M, S, W> P
plex musical scores and arrange
140 SLEEP 4
150 SOUND V, 0, 0, DIR, 0. 0, W, P ments with your Commodore 128
160 OOTO20 synthesizer. Q
112 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER r85

SPRITES
In the February/Maich issue we ran a program, titled "Sprits Catalog" that lets you create a library of sprites, so you
don't need to reinvent the wheel everytime you need to use a sprite in a program, We also challenged our readers to
submit their bast sprites to us to help fellow computer sts build their sprite libraries To ackt to your colic :ion, hero are
six sprites produced by "Sprite Catalog" author Andy Gamble, with tho delta you need to type lute your 'Sprite
Catalog" program. They're all yours,
UGHTBULBON GRRBRGECHNCLGSED
•• 0 24 0
1 6 24 8
o
:-l l€
0 lj 0
4 0 32
0 126 0 0 120 0
0
1 123 123
-■^
0 1Q"T' 7
~<
226
0 64
71
=15 "2*^ 4 I«
• y 12S"
I
4 63
y 64 4 68 1 ^:~:
T 0 128 14 b'3
y 123 0 4 63 128
:=: '-£>
66 4 63 123
le 12 •3 8 • 4 63 128
32 66 4 4 S3 12f 3
Q 126 0 4 63 123
b& 6 4 S3 123
e 126 ii
4 63 123
0 •be- 4 58 128
Q 4 68 128
0 24 255 123
SKULL&X-BONE:
LIGHTBULBOFF
0 w y
0 0 L-1 0 Pi 0
O 0 126 0-
0 0 H 1 129
0 0 _
-^
0 I:3 2
36 I
J ^3 1 ■o
36 1 3;"'
0 "" 1 32 0 _1 5*
V-;
■;?
£i 64
3
f ■-.■;■
2 64 8 135 13" ^
(■3 64 0 1 '^5 0
t C1 L '-l !■*■ 12 "133 43
0 I 23 o 126 36
■5 V3 *^ 1 '^"3 224
« 1 2'6 0 102 0
• • 0 r^. 6 0 0 24 1
0 1 2b 0 U 1Q2 0
0 r-.
0_ 224
i\ 5 fc
0 1 ^^ y
i—•«
H
0 0 l'4 0 1 12
e 0 0
0 ■4 0
SflRBftGECflHOPEH
120 U
1 1-32 0
-j [=■■=■
L2S
3 O 64
15 25^f 13
KEY
t3 a e
3 0 0
—■<■•■■>■■» 255 128 y
4 123 0
4 &8 12S
14 68 224 0
4*0
4 SS 1 28 0 6S
A 68 12S
4 68 123 2b d 193
4 r:::3 12:=: • |93
4 63 123 am* 102
4 oS 128
—
4 Sb 12:? 0'
4 se 126
4 68 128
«••***••• 233 128
0
0
POWERPWY 113
no moRE peiuils UV DAVID
List Processing in
The real power ofa data base is its
LOGO, Part 3 ability to organize data for the
A LOGO Data Base for the Commodore user and to display it in a more
64 and Plus/4 meaningful form.
mu us continue the exploration of list processing in disk copy of the program By following this procedure
LOGO that has occupied this column in the last two and beginning with a "fresh" copy of the program, you
issues of PoweT/Play. This month we will conclude our will insure that you have the maximum memory to store
discussion of lists with a relatively sophisticated appli records in your data bases,
cation of LOGO list manipulation—specifically, an "in Once you have a copy of the database program loaded
telligent" data base with simple-to-use query capabili into LOGO, the first thing you will want to do is define
ties. Quite independently of the LOGO usage, we will the fields for each record of your data base. For example,
become acquainted with tho elementary use and power let's assume you want to create a data base to keep
of database packages. track of your calendar of activities and appointments.
Our LOGO data base, which is shown in Listing 1, is You do that by giving the command: CREATE "CALEN
patterned after the commercial product PFS:File. Ver DAR (DATE TIME PERSON-EVENT]. This command
sions of PFS.File have been published for a number of would define a new data base named CALENDAR
microcomputers It is one of the most popular data bases which has an index consisting of three fields: DATE,
available, TIME, and PERSON-EVENT. The dash between PER
Our LOGO data base emulates PFS:File's simplicity. SON and EVENT is necessary to make it a single field
At the same time, it tries to encompass 95% of the rather than a PERSON field and a separate EVENT field.
capabilities any database user would ever need, which In addition to the index fields, each record will also have
includes creating record layouts, adding or deleting re a free-form ENTRY field—which in the case of your
cords, sorting records, automatically calculating totals CALENDAR, would be used to store a few words of
for numeric fields, displaying or printing either al! re explanation about each appointment or event.
cords or just selected records based on various logical To add records to this data base, you give the com
search criteria, and saving to and retrieving from disk. mand: ADD "CALENDAR. The computer then prompts
you to enter the DATE for the fust appointment, fol
lowed by its TIME, followed by the PERSON-EVENT
Our LOGO data base tries to Finally, you are prompted to enter the ENTRY for this
record. An entire record might be entered as follows:
encompass 95% of the capabilities DATE? 85-10-15
TIME? 8 30PM
any database user would ever PERSON-EVENT? JOHN-DOE
ENTRY' SURPRISE BIRTHDAY PARTY
need. LOGO is expecting a word (a contiguous string of
characters) as the response to each of the index field
Our LOGO data base, unfortunately, is limited in prompts Spaces are not allowed in a word That is why
terms of its speed and the number of records it can the dash is used between JOHN and DOE, In contrast,
handle. On the Commodore 64, the data base will handle the ENTRY prompt expects a list of words so spaces are
about, 25 records—fewer if the individual records have a allowed in this response.
large number of fields. LOGO on the Plus/4 has a larger You would continue to be prompted to enter addition
workspace so it can handle two to three times the al records until you responded with QUIT to the ENTRY?
number of records that the 64 version can. Due to these prompt. At that point, you could display records on the
limitations, you should not consider this LOGO program video screen and/or the printer, save your data base to
as a "professional" data base but rather an excellent disk, or give the command ADD "CALENDAR to enter
example of how data bases work and how LOGO'S list- more appointments
processing capabilities can be used to deal with serious, To display all the records you have entered, you give
relatively complex applications the command DISPLAY EVERY "CALENDAR. When
the records are displayed, they are automatically shown
Using the LOGO Data Base in sorted order—regardless of the order in which they
After loading the LOGO language into your Commodore were entered. The display order is determined by the
64 or Plus/4, enter the database program shown in List sequence and entry values of the various index fields.
ing 1 and save the program on disk. Whenever you wish For example, your calendar would show appointments
to develop a new data base, begin by using this original in DATE order and in TIME order for any given date. If
no moRE pehcils
you happened to have more than one appointment at AMOUNT) is greater than 20.00. respond to the
the same time on the same date, the third index field. AMOUNT prompt with >20.00. A less-than sign may
PERSON-EVENT, would be used to display them in also be used with appropriate results. Greater-than and
alphabetical order. less-than signs may also be used with DATE and TIME
If your data base has numeric index fields, the LOGO fields to get records that are after or before a particular
database program automatically calculates totals for date or time.
these fields for all the records displayed. This feature is Several other match criteria may be used. Preceding
particularly helpful when using the data base to exam your response value with a $ sign will match on a
ine expenses or income by various categories, such as substring within the field. For example, to select the
your medical expenses or Sally Johnson's sales of Girl month of March you respond with a S-03- to the prompt
Scout cookies during February for the DATE match criteria if your date was in the form
You can print your database records on your printer in of YY-MM-DD If your date entries had the month's
addition to the video screen by giving the LOGO com name written out or abbreviated, you could use SMAH
mand PRINTER. To turn off the printer option, use the to specify March. If you wish to select records where a
LOGO command NOPRINTER, To save your records to field is not equal to a certain value, precede the value
disk, give the command SAVE "CALENDAR. Your re with a # sign. If you are indifferent to the value and any
cords can be retrieved from disk later by READ "CAL value of a specific field is acceptable, you should enter a
ENDAR. Your database records arc saved complete with ? mark or just hit RETURN when prompted (or that
a copy of the database program, so you will not need to field's criteria.
reload the database program before you READ your data
back into LOGO.
Sorting is a good example of
Querying the Data Base
The real power of a data base is its ability to organize this power, but an even better
data for the user and to display it in a more meaningful
form. Sorting is a good example of this power, but an demonstration is the ability to
even better demonstration is the ability to inteirogate
the data base and to display records that have certain
interrogate the data base and to
attributes or characteristics. display records that have certain
For instance, using a data base of business expenses,
we might wish to display all the records for expenses attributes or characteristics.
greater than a certain amount that occurred before the
end of our tax year, or to display the total amount of all of
our software expenses, or each of our repair expenses for Let's consider several more complex examples of se
a particular car since April and their total. lection criteria The following would display a,l calendar
Or, for more personal examples, we might wish to records during 1984 with the word ACCOUNTANT
query a name and address data base to see who in the somewhere in the PERSON-EVENT field:
PTA we sent Christmas cards to last year, or to find the DATE? $84-
telephone numbers for the people on the soccer team, or TIME? (RETURN)
the addresses of the other members of our Commodore PERSON-EVENT? SACCOUNTANT
Computer User Group who have a special interest in On the other hand, if you wish to display all appoint
LOGO. These are all examples of special database que ments on July 20, 1985, at 2 00 p.m. or after, type:
ries. DATE? 85-07-20
Our LOGO data base has a number of query capabili TIME? >1:59PM
ties. To display only selected records, i e , only records PERSON-EVENT' ?
with certain attributes, give the command: DISPLAY Similarly, you can use match criteria with the free-
SELECTED "NAME where NAME is the name of the form ENTRY list. Specifically, you can match on the
particular data base you wish to query. For example, you occurrence of keywords in the ENTRY list. For example,
give the command DISPLAY SELECTED "CALENDAR you could look for the word BIRTHDAY in the ENTRY
to query your appointment calendar You would then be field of the- CALENDAR data base, or if you wanted to be
prompted for the match criteria you wish to use for each even more specific, you could search for records where
field of the index, specifically, for DATE followed by the keywords BIRTHDAY and SURPRISE both appear to
TIME and finally for PERSON-EVENT. display your record for John Doe's party on October 15th
To select records where a certain field is equal to a entered previously.
particular value (either numerically or alphabetically), In addition to keywords, you can use the same match
you enter the value you wish to match on. For example, criteria discussed above for index fields for each word
to get your appointments for a specific DATE, just enter in the ENTRY list. For example, responding to the EN
that date when prompted. To match on values greater TRY match prompt with the list #FRED? PARTY would
than a particular value (again, either numerically or al select records where the first word of the ENTRY list is
phabetically), precede the value by a greater-than sign. not FRED and the third word is PARTY. The ? mark in
For example, to select records where a field (named the second position of the criteria list indicates to the
POWERPLAY 115
HO I11ORE PEHCIL5
LOGO data base that any value is OK for the second printing represents the computer's output whereas the
word of the ENTRY list darker printing is the database user's input. The words
Listing 2 contains a sample dialog illustrating the shown within "curly braces" are comments explaining
creation and querying of two data bases To help differ lust what is being done and why. Listing 2 also shows
entiate between the input and the output, they are you how you can DELETE records—either EVERY re
printed in the listing in different type styles. The lighter cord or only SELECTED records Q
TO LP-PTT lli
Listing 1. IF 1U = "■■ THEN OUTPUT •-
IF FIftST :!.! = - ThEII OUTPLT eitr^lP^T iW
OUTPIJT UP"*PT EUTFIRST lU
.-t~'E .* EJlt
It ittiw :i THEN •'-■ = DOBtF iHTlE --count « ■ .. i I ART Til

IF ILJ - ■ THEtt ilUTPUI ■
IF F I R5T iU - " ' THETI OUTPUT • - '
OUTPUT UOBO I FIBS! IU I CP-BT ( BUTF[F:T
FIhIE -MI-IIE iNdME END
rt.SE "HIL'L IHIIIC- l.illp!' iHWIE " - 1ULE
[F ilHPE' - U THEU MSKE "COUNT 1HINL- UORO :IWIE "•COOJT
HOD.REC TO C'ELETE.UOBb ;11OB(. .LIST
IF 1LI5T * 1] THE!I OUTCl/T [J
TEST iUOPD n FIPST ILI^T
IFTPUE OUTPUT bELETE-UOKO lUORCi ' PUTFIB5T iLIST '
1FFHLSE OUTPUT FPUt P1BET .LIST t'ELETS .l-PCPO lUOBP ■ BLTFTOST
pp:mt i: h*.-e -i"-l p«e> -=■ iinde
ILI5T ,
IF iIUhL ■ II T"EU !!-■ E COl»It IC01N1 - : I1BKE . IUKL iC JLI1T Etl[.
uone it'BtirfiE ■•cuufir iCuunt
FFiin i UOBC "EMTP ■ ChaB ■: to otLECt.rwiE :■ 1IWI6
Ikil E ■■'HIP- REQUEST
LQC-L "TEMP
IF FIRST iTEIIF - "OUIT TME'I Tril'LF'TL 11 IL . [1 TMEN OUTFIT II
c-et |[iBH«iE il'WL. iTfMP
IM E -TEMP FlftST il
fit'E.FEC
If < FPuBT ITEIIF ■ - iNflME TKEN OUTPUT FPUT :TETIP SELECT,(tfdE
INL'
B7TF1B5T li. ■ It-'1E
' - --_. ;JLIi' OUIFUT StLfa.lMIE < 60TF1RST :L ■ :JWIE
ENCi
,:-i -tpif
IF .OL1=: - 1J rHEN DUtPUl I]
IE EiJ'FIF-T iMii-: . :■ -mdi .-,i,-ciiT c|c=t ;ijLi=t TO CtlTEFU
lt-r£ MTEM> IPOPL' ' FlPst jLl_J:' LOCAL -TEMP
output n.jin- irn'it p&ci IF HOT iIUEE/ - I) THE'I FPKIT [) PFIPIT [ E'!TEB INDE> 5ELECT10H
CPITEP1-: ] IIhIE "CINOD -jl- iltinE-
PUNT II PRINT I EHTEP (PUM6ER FOE EtITRi CtlTEPI-l ]
PP1IIT I 1 — rJli EdtP-r i.'hLUE ]
LOC-L -TTI'P PUNT E'2 — KEYLJOP.D PATCHES CILT ]
IF MftJDE * LJ IKLI- -JUTfuT M PC1PIT [ 3 -- EPJTS. FIELD HUTCHES !
priivti non ■ iii:.i sines ""fE "TEMP FIPCT RMUEST
]U-'E -TEHP PEQI r;T IF [TEMP - 2 THEN PP1IIT U PR JUT I'ENTER LIST Of KEMJORMl !
■r ;IEIIC •■ 11 ••■E.I, IKKE "TEMP t-v,h E "TEHF FFUT :TE'lf FEGUE5T
MAt'E "TEHP c|;;- iTEMP != :TEW - ; THEN PPIHT II PPIPIT I EJITEP F]ELt' JtTCM CBITEtlii !
OUTBIJI BPin [TEMP -?. ; -r-s--
IU-..E "TEMP FFUI iTEMP BEOUE5T
K*l E ■Cliuri EIF'T : T El IP
It-i-e "CEWTBI EUTFIP5T ITEP1P
U' FFFi'F IPM1E iPIKJfEPTl I1 -LUE
ENt
6C0
to 0k> tBECOPD
II- iPRCPERT. - [) THEIIIliiL ■pROPERIl •'
rwE -TLIII ■ l'UF-[' jIlt-TIE ■ tPF-OSEFT,
IF NOT lIUCE- - N THEN IF MOT HVrTtP iCIPH'E" iTlNCE" THErJ CUTfUl
■F-L5E
IF FJOI THING' "»MP,LIST TMEn n-,1 i 'PROP.LlSt [J
IF irilUH " i THEN OUTfUI SUE-'ET- iCEPITB. iTEIITRl
rv.i E iTEHf r l-LUE
IF 1CNIM - ? THEN OUTPUT MftTCH' iCENTItl I'ENTP.
'WE "l-tuP.LI =» r«EBC,E.ELEHE'iT |TC|1f ilttt.LJjt CUTFUT -TPUE
-
BIV
TO I
TO l«TCH-i :FILTES tL
I E •PPTI(II -DELETE
IF :F;lTEP - II THEN OUTPUT 'TBUE
Eric
IF il - E] TMEPJ OUTPLIT "F«LÊ
TO I
M»KE "TF fibst ifiltep
l-MkE "TL FIP5T iL
II--I E "OPTION -M SPL«
ri"KE "" ■ ITF - iTL I
IV.I E "TF. 1ST F1B5T iTF
IF ITF.IJT - -. THEN (WE. "" HOT PRECEDE' iTL ■ EI.ITFIPET iTF '
' . t 1iL 1 IF ITF.1ST - -■ THEII PV.KE "U FFECEPgi tTL ■ BUTB1RST tTF '
.BCOLL
IF ITF.IST • "I THEN fH>E ■■' SUSSTBIMO' . filTFIFST :TF . iTL
IF rTF.ljT . -■ THEII IM- E 'U HOT . . BUTFIRVT :TF . = iTL '
IF TTC.IST = ■ "■ THEN rViKE mW "TRUE
IF NOT T" THE*J OUTPr,"T "FiL?£
El to
OUTPUT HUTCH^ . EUTFIB^T iFILTEP ■ ■ 6JTE|B^T ,1 .
EPIP
TO SELEtTEC ill-viE
.SCOLL
to subset' :5eti ;:ep;
II-KE --LL' "F-LiE
IF i SET! = I) THEII OUTPUT -TfiUE
■-FITLB1-
1 " S !B£B' ■ FIRST iSETl 1 tS£Ti
FETCh l-IIF.l [ 'T ,1
]FT"UE OUTPUT SUBIET> ■ BUTFIRiT iSETI ■ |SET:
IFF..LSE OUTPUT -faLSE
END
IF ;t - I) 7«EU TOTiLi lIIIPE JTOF
TO FCECE6E' lEI lE2
LOOiL "TE-It
>ukE -Tent fib;- ,l TEST *LLQC i fAL'lSFP1* :EI ' ■ NUMB£F* l£^ '
WKE -TE'.IP, THIN6 ITS* 1FTFUE IF .El ■ lEi THEN OUTPUT "TPU£ ELiE OUTPUT "F^LSE
IF lEI = "■' THEN OUTPUT -TBUE
IF NOT 1 IP ICE ■ [1 ThEII M«KE "T JUC'E"- fL'TÎiiCT ur.t™Ck iTEFPP
IF |E2 ■ " THEN OUTPUT "F-LSE
TEST TflLL'
IFFmL5E TEST Oh '-■ ITEHP TF ASCII ' FIP5T lEI I ■ "SCI1 ' FIRST |E2 I THEIJ OUTPUT "TRUE
IF BSeil ' FIPST tEl ' ■ flSCII < FIP5T ,E2 > THEN OUTPUT "F~LEt
1FTFUE IF iOPTIOJ - "019PLSI THEN P18SLAV.HEt
OUTPUT PRECEDE^ EUTF I RSI tEl BUTF II-5T lEi
IFTPUE li IWT1CM - -[.ELETE THE1I ■ tHHT I DE1.ETIM01 1 itEW
END
Emit.'IE iTEr" lb> [ ->M».L1:T C'ELETE.1 ltc[ I It'll- .FBCP.LIST
FETCH ■ BUTFIEST il
TO lUMTPINO' IWI! ItTO
IF i5U6 - ■ THEII OUTPUT -TFuE
IF isTO - • THEN OUTPUT -F».LiE
SELECT.IWIE .PBOP.L1S1 IF NOT ■ F!f~7 tSUE • - • F1CST : -.' li L.tll _ ij r r ■_'T -.E;'-: ..
I EUE ■ BUTF|P|T |BTB
OUTPUT BUBSTBJNO' ■ BUTF1FST t3BB ■ ■ BU^FIRZT IiTi .
LUPrtO iPIJOBD END
IF sPWOK' ■ " THEM OUTPUT I]
OUTPUT CPUT CP-BT iPHCRP UNPM(h LP&PT iP TO T'lSPL-r ,F£C
D IF NOT i I'IDEl - II THEM PPtTITPulP; 1 INfE> IT1NDE"
IF HOT ITEIITB] - U THEN ■ F'1UT I EilTI-., I lTajTB/1 '
HO mORE PEIKIL5
: - |J.t ;;
lfFALÊ 'JU'F'UT FP'Ln >lf!I ^ Ê"OE.E^t;iE>ft i£
pit- BUTFIR5T :L
ENB
TS PBINTPA1RS iLl iL2
LOCAL -TEIIF to :epo il 1
1= iLl - 11 THEtl STOP IF IL - 1 ) THEfl STOP
IWE TEMP UORO ■TCT-L- i FIBS; .LI ' MAKE IJODt. -TOTAL- * ■ir;t .l i e
TEST IIUHE-EP" F1BSI 11.2 ZEPO BUTFIPST iL
1FTPUC TH£N tv.f£ iTEHP i THING iTEMP y • FIRST IL2 Elir>
IFf-LSE THDt IV.1.E .TEMP II
. PBIUTI i FIRST iLl ) WORD -| CH-B 3! ■ PRINT FIFST iL2 TO TOTALS IL
PRIIITPUIRS I BUTFIRST iLl J \ BUTFIFST 1 L2 ) LOML "TE1IP
END IF iL - [] THEN STOP
MAKE -TEF-IP HOPO "TOTAL- ( FIHST iL )
TO IIEBOE.ELEF-'BIT :£ :L IF NOT THING tTEHP " 11 THEfl < PRIrfT 1-TOTAL FOP']
TF 'I [1 THFIJ ruiTPLT FpliT "F -]
test p=EiErE' iE e:f;t ,l TOTAL; r'.T^-iT !.

IFTS1JE OUTPUT FFUT :E !L E'll
BJTSYi '«RY LIKES BCB ENT^t l'eiBTHMV PRESENT

C Notic- th#f >I1 f*coÔt vjfi*r» FOE i»
Listing 2. r>iTE] B4-(rj-17
-CREATE 'FACTS I 1
'. T>>* «mpt> '■.'., ..<., i J. b»T..r,a n*iw 'DELETE EUERY 'FBCTS ►nwoixn1 ] ii».£o
ENTPl i W.ULUIG TPA^H
inOf. > FjELETlNu: FACTS. 5

DELETING! FACT^fl W,TEi 64-93-15
ADD "FACTS FjELETIHG. PftCT2/"5 PmIEE: ED'S-G^PAGE
DELETING] FAtrSy* ■VI0UF1T: 12.33
= ■!'• ■ BOB LITRES PIZZA l-ELmitif, FACTS'7 ENTBY: LUBE JOB
£1.-1., boq HATES BEANS AND ROOT DEER ■OISPLAr EVERY "FOCTS tmiEi S4-e;-:i
- " liilt.K.j a.iol»..l! t.^.ui. •" F-(T5 P«lEEl COHPUTEP-aTATICJ
-MOLUTi ie.s;
TNTr- BEANS ARE CHEAP Fitu* b»*n ^«l *T *d.
EIITPn S6HE SOFTi'l~PE FOP C-*4
ILN'F- FREO LIKES PIZ2H 'CREATE 'CHECKS [DATE PP.YEE BH0LNT1
TOTAL FOP HFiDUtfT 1**.43
ENIP,* FRED LIKES ROOT BEER "' ■' )n .Tidf- fJPEi it i^c 0* t^rft '* t^t 1
DmTE. Fi4IEE ind «10UNT. ':
E1." ' MARY HATES P1Z2A
'ADD "CHECKS
E'iTf i MARY LIKES BOB
DATE0 B4-63-1S
F~rEE' EO'S-OARAGE • cf.l ii ..jtcmttioi;. c.icul.l.d >id
ErJTPi "- OUIT
«!OUtlT' It. 3S ditpi9>'?d for fhr numc ic irid*> litldti
rtcorai (o ct<i* 'or in* Mm. otiFn). EMTB1' LUBE JOB — if th.i en- -- "• j-pi.nr '.tie. '
»-3PnH r,i"ifi0 !Tt» fCrfW,fcn5 -^C'l -FrtCTS. ', ''DISPLAY SELECTED 'CHECKS
L-.TE' ( PETUPN 1
"^:?^™.T "r"'" "*" '°lh*
^DISPLAY SELECTED TUCTS
EUTEP IIUFIBEP. FOB EFITPT CPITEP]"! hMOLUT: >2B.8B

[ -- rfJl QJTBY 'ULLFE [~TE" B4-12-IB
PAYEE' CCMPUTER-STATION ENTEF rirJ-3EB c^« EhlT=. 'IfilTEFIîl
; — KBrtlOPC Ii-TCHE5 ONLY
^lOUir" 2?.«5 1 — .Jl Efl-Fi "hLUE
i -- ENTP> FIELD rViT^HE^
EMTRI = LOGO SOFTUARE FOR C-it
i — BITPi FIEL[. (1iiTCHE =
I r TT.il mil dl ip<l > - *11 ^n*c^B
EIITEP LIST OF •.EfUDWSl
both BOS hn(T BEEP in »ntr>. ^ ..0-. fni'PMTEB-ST-.T10JI or E[i S-fr-P-OE. )

gmlir thin it .If. 1
E>r">V] eoe hates eeîs ^<t p-oot beef C-TS" 84-13-11
P_iEE^ BOB'S-HAULING WTEi 64-81-66
,-JlDLHT" II. B8 B-.E£l ED'S-ALTO-PEÎF
fJlOJIT; 5;.5*
DISPLAY SELECTED -FACTS EtlTPl" HdULING TRASH
EllTRYl TLHE UP
EIITEF MUMEE= FOP EFFPr CRlTEft!-! t>ATE^ B-)-83-!l

FiiiTE' COHPJTER-STATION DATE: s-1-62-^3 ^
i -- hIH ETJTR. V-LLFE
AMDI.'IT' 19.95 P^rEEl EC1' .-uAPAoE
2 — fEiUOBC HATCHES VILY
3 -- EWTPY FIELD I^TCHES ENTRi' DAHE SOFTWARE FOR C-*4
ENTRi 1 I1EU TIRE
LATE^ B4-1I-BB
P«r£E"' EO'S-AUTU-REPAiP. TGTV.L FOR -HOUiT 104,9!
ENTEF F1ELE' 1U.TCH CRITEPlnl
C r^ B i ~i TlfcLI" 1 .tl
EF1T«1 ' TLnL Ul
'\> firit «ifldr'-<ard ii not fOb, >nd

DATE' S4-B2-J2
Pm EE1 HACY-S 'DISPLAY SELECTED "CHECKS
<3> thLFQ f:*Fd it PK7A. And
■ qi «1 1 othtr litldi 'it »nv- on
ENTPi' BIRTHDAY PRESENT &»•£" (S4-B3-B1
PAi EE'1 < FETLlPf J "'
CjhTE' B4-82-15 HtlOVittT15 t FETUPN >
ENTpYi FREE LIKES PI2!A
F-M.EE" ED'S-GARAGE
rJlOUIIT^ 42.3S ENTER HllMBEP FOR EUTR. iFITEStHi
EUTeVi MHPY rtftTES PISZft
ErjTF. ~ NEU TIRE 1 — MflT EMTRl 'JttiMi
2 — VEiWOfiC' HATCHES CttLI
-DELETE SELECTED "FACTS
1 — ENTRY PIELO HATCHEi
t L M»tt'» o^ Hxwordl )
AMOIÎT1 I RETUPN 1
EHTRi' OUIT ( OUIT Oftl ■ morn mi H tht EUTcF LITT GP '■ETtlDI?DSE
ENTE" FiyiBES FOB EUTS, CftlTEPInt
1 — »Ni ENTPi "nLUE ENTPY 1M»r. — r.ol îih mQ>' q^l*ritlp ! BOFTUARE
J -- kEMlDPC' F1ATCHE5 OFIL1
5 — ENTBr FIELD HATCHES 'DISPLAY EUERY -CHECK (Wilt disjli- tM ih-cki wllh J tun
3 ; .l.tch -.•!« in e"- 1
r>VTE : rJ-iH -io .fd un.rt |r,, t.-.-D-a SOFTtlAftE .DpeW.
ttJTER FIELD TViTCH CRITERIA^ FAiEE. ED-5-AUT0-fE<-lfi
BOB 1 Uil1 d»l»tt ill rr:?rai '^t'f BCif AMOLHITi j; .30 ■*
EtlTP, • TUtIt UP PATE] 5J-S2-1C
il tnt dfjt ^ i• 1 d/>nflr-ij. ^
[■ATE: 54-02-10 mMOUNTi 2».*5

DELETING. FACTVl
JiElETfliJl F«CT; -" tm EEi CdPUTEB-STAT | 01 j EFJTPfl LOGO SpFTl'lp^RE FOR C'fl4
"M0MIT. Ji.'S
EIITB.i LOGO 5C-=™*PE "OS C-S4 TOTAL FOR rtiOL'IT 3= .'3
'DISMAY EVEKY * FACTS
>SflVS -CHECKS-DBASE
O1TR" i BBUJS ftHE GHEmP r«TE: B1-62-I5
PAYEE] ED'S-G-P^&E
iMIOLtJTl 42.3S < Uhll ;^'f tr.» eur-ent y»rnon oi
ENTRYl FREE LIÊS Pi::"
EIITRji NEW TIRE in. CHECKS-DEASE rcrr d.il. '.■•". it
mi? Ce laadtd bfccl into LOGO b- us.na
E'!T=V: FPEf LtfE5 B'JOT EEEC
:-TE: S4-0J-?! in. cc^.^fl FE"C -.'KECKS-OEBIE ir.t
POWERPLAY 117
USER GROUPS
Commodore user gioups nai:onwide and around the ôtld provide invaluable assis ance to Commodore computeiists II you aie IqoKithj for
peopte who share your computing interests, or if you need help getting started with your computer, contact the group near you
Tins hst is compiled fron groups who responded to a uiiuey conducted by Pete Baczoi, Commodore's user group coordinator, IE you would hke
your group tu appeal here, oi if you need iniormEition about Coromodore'a usei group support, contact Pete at Commodore Business Mechinas,
1?(X> Wilson Dnve, West Chester PA 193BQ
ALABAMA CALIFORNIA San Cuiltln '.ir.,■!.■■■; Orlando

b J- j l e i j j r ];j 11 h i r i h Ah.jlwnid PenmihUlh Commadoia Comnwdora Usc-t Group ol CaoUftl Hundu CciriLmoduiu
Bumngham Cummoctafl rJacâu ComniLimcii'.oi Users Oioufi Snuifnid Uaais Qnwp

(Jompulei Club PO Box 1277— 91701 Timotiiy Avrty Dan Krin-Lkin5 TnuimdJi i^wson
Hefty Jcnes &33 Ote County M —94070 PO Jkut 1213 -06497 P O Bun 7326— 32E5-1
4&O Avenue V Ltf 7-ti—3M0S I'asad'jriN ComMiodoie San Fianosm West Hairen Palm Hnctor
Enter pr imp GompaiGi CTlulj PET en thff AIP fj of N<w Haven ML^rDCflmpuiei Suncoost 6-1a
Wjkvjmsg Murru Compute* time McBonfild RoLa Load Club EÛlUtJ Mill it
■ n -1 > PO box nti3—-91QQ6 b25 CrwtluLroi Dr - 91132 M Mt'Oommliy 2110 US iy No[tti-336^
wiiii,«ii m Brown Shu Yndio U oE New HavUi. 3(K> (Ji.miji' Ptuvtmti Ciiy
Aubum
100 K-.-y Bend Hd-36330 South Bay CummodcQ^ M Avd -0GB1G Bay Conunodofd U&ciig Uiuup
Auburn Commodoce
hfobOa CcmpuiRi Club Usote Gioup Dou^SdiipoU
DELAWARE
CtrnmixJ-jn- Chit 01 Mcmlt Pat Struli Jos«M Cillcgo PO Box 31B7—32401
Tom Wyau 1]2lOM]i,iLomQ[5i-9&fiO3 Penaacola
Diamond State U^srs GruLip
3S6S-HRue-MBi8Ofl -3660S Rautn frftcU GomniucluT'1 Aflv^ntagu
Eteklv-jn Part WicliEiel Putlnr
Puuan CalFoly Cmiifinxloi^ Usen Ccntial Ccjmhl Ccmmodoru Dean ri*j CJwcins
PO Bra B92—19913
Commodore Club South LJsei Group PO Box 1W9D— 32523
Wjiuim j finnan Gilber. F VfLi
Newark Commodaio Lfset $
Pu Box 324—36128 14617M Ruuna LJivd —91706 4237 Rymuiia Ct —S3455 ■J .N.!:i 'J ■!■■ I/sera Group -A
QrMp
Scoiisboro BaOllow*] Shisi.i Moruc.i Uob I'nylcjt
Kcocistjoco CMS4 Ut«»' Group CJ1u)j 64 Comintujonr HA WtiSK Dobbio Johnotun
310 DurnttDr—19711
Rictuud Radon nobejt Johnson Don Ciriiphull PO Hux 3533-32bOfi
Ri B BOHZB&—3BVB8 14^44 Buvû Ave —90706 PO Box 4CG--HM06-040(3 FLORIDA
PLontauuu
S^mut Rosa Avon Prtih SuburtHin6-iU£C[&Cjroup
ALASKA Cbfltnvntb
San Fecruindo VnlJoy Sanâ Rua.1 CunuTLodcna L ■ CiiTPS Uwirs Gioup ten P.nlridgo
Calg.iry U5ers Group Garald KJunciak
Commodcrf \Jsvis Group 1360 SW 62nd Ter Apt #62b—
t,'alga:y ComwtuOom Gfiiry Paimoi > P.O. Bux 3063 -33S25
Tom Lynch 333^1
2130H NnOtvillu— yi311 333K HoWBBAve-^B407-792fi Bradomon SanilK.I
Uoyd Nomwn
QcvU Mnnarfjtji CommodDiu
eifiCflf]f]p]'J Wuy 5W—T2W 1K1 Sanil>-L Commodora VIC
Smdaos Commodme Uwib OtDUp
AAdnaga
■ . r !.', .r 1
Alufea 34 ConiiiKxIOf*
09t W Stti p*Z03 -936^2 Rici McOano 316 K 3-.thAvc Dj-33508
Compute! Club Shahnm
2929CdJitiî TJj -9SSM Brandon
Douu O.iilhph Ft Waliflrt Bwcti Commodore
I>Lablo VaUay L'ommodoru COLOHADCJ Brandon U»ifl Group Uf>or Qioup
PO Bon R043—B95O2:
Uacis Cirou[J Piiul A Uijurjliorty Jim Moon?
Kfltchikan Atpen
1D8 Ar(jlcwood Dt —33511 PO Bwi3—32549
Pus- Guy Users Gioup Rocky Wounta:n CGmmadWtf
P.O. Bfw Z7IS5—94S20 dub C]carv/i"rci
Costa Mesa Hay B:coks Clearwji1*-( CctrnRodain Qub BidWiJcd Commodore

E>0 Boa 6002-99901
C Tech Usein ol Oianytr County Gaty 11 Gould
Sltka
po Eqx 377—31813 U&flru C3roup
1* Etflvanson 1!j32 Lomon Street—33516 Lewie Horn
-Sltkn CaniLiiodoiii lii-in, Groiiji
PO Dux M17 f)262fi Cdcoj PO Box 2B7M—333211
CoJorriLJu ConnwdorB rjornimloi
CuiHriiina Club El ^liftoh
PO ISax 2204— 99ti3b . ., -:
i*U C of SiLôn Valley Boyco Miu-h**\\ MiktSchnolc* Triangle Eduratiwutl Uvcfl

ARIZONA Matviti V.bsul^f Kool PO Bo* &4B-32922 0648
WOOWmCt #607B—60221 G[DUp
ChandEat 2235^ Rancfio Ven[ura—9*iO14
Grand Juncuoh Eaton Fdjrk John Zoigltr
ArHona VIC & E-l Users EJanville V[CvC4 Hoartlnnd UaH Gfoup— PO Hox 326-3277P
We&ttfl Sli^fir Cojriinodoff?
Thomas Monaon Datijjl^t QbBii titouu Lakeland.
U&eis Oraup ZephyiM
904 W Marlboro Cti —B5224 KcntE Dflvif* Randid bpham
Ralph D'Ar.Qjoa Eaat Pi»^:o Conjmodoio
Glulw tB5Ficnt Si iiiiilQ 106—g-5ti2G PO Box <1M2—61502 PO Do* 512—33B40 UBsn Group
Oita Hackrrb Hgllywuod PJ Bryden
CONNECTICUT
PaiuH Mfltfnitfl Gaintîllo Cammodorn 183G Smtdy Road—M2-1S
Tit I Ho* 34—SfiKll Cotejmm Ur*t(B Grcjuff
Usclq Gcnup
Pftoonix Mjictin HNickwi-ll Computer UsOio Gcoup M Diriw llutloy GEOltGIA
Photti&t AriuJna Commodoci 733 N Hiflgowood Ulvd — 9UD38 PO Don 14710-326M AJliiiny
IIjiJJs Hill HmrJ-06415
dub LfvaiDon ASli-iliyCBM AoUtiH i
LaoUih A PulH-ftn Oanbury ComputMut
PALS UNF Commodcrc Campulvr
PO Box3h:901i—HJO67 Jo Johnson Fbiilield County Conunodon Club Davsd L Va
tfeorOp PO flox 5461—31706
Siotra Vtftt 686 South K^ MKO Jay S EJui'bner
Thundt: Mouijuun Commodaro tfTuvonity o( Ncith Fiondo— AtJariLn
PO Bvk 212-06010 3221G
Useu Gf> 5an Lui^ ObUpO COrtrtDUdOJO VlC-oma
JaU Tylei Comp Cl
Bast H.-irii.Til Lua Earl Dohncy
[' 0 Box 179G—86630 tEarilcid L'uunTy Commodo*o VTC'64 1 Inn Jojid Uow&—Tnmpa PO Bo, 467052-32346
UwOp Tom KfcuÊh Biunswick
h CuiIisju
Citfllina Conunodcn Nevada Cjty
HflOfi Mwnmg Dr — 33 M9 Golden [ckho ComriLodtJcv Liners
Computw Club V 0 liix H'jLt[L -C6018
MacDiN. Alll RkOhAfdL Young
Mikp LaPaglia EntiekJ Souilt Tninpn Commodois r.-i )3u Sliuiwtxjd t'ulPî Cir
3J71 S Mormon I>J —Bb730 ] 1614 Ped 0oW Buad—9MM Noithotn CT Comzmdcn Ouh Uhtb a[(wp 31B20
Mika I*vttuquv RonaliiS CJeraern
ARKANSAS CoilAgn rack
3 J.Tartle Si —0&OQ2
736F Socxwid Dr —33S21 Commyctore Fo; max
ToôdoÊ^Compu^
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Dreg Burtii
C ■nuiLuduie'PET Uwis Ciub
?15N FuLidil Pt -93023 Mfami 2064 2E04 Camp Creek Pkwy - 30337
Q*nr^va Bowlin
JlJIl Lu1HT"iD Monow
Davis Suh«—72032 Oxnwd Enwat juhaii
CJV10 1^1 CCC rA UG
FkiMBftviDa 1&5BS Biueluw Pd —06247
NhtihjiN OiiUHl
R:xP4MrUvj]hi CorniTK«lai4
Mystic Comjn«JarT- EducMOi
U««ra Croup 120 W Magnolia Avft—93O30
CS4 UaPri Uroup ol Now Lo n.ioii
OakwoDd
401 S AiliiLt/iiiri Pi 72BQ1 PC ACC
Orian Klor^
w ?"n l ot3&5 fiolwn t?lyuiroi
1G330 Nt ^nd Ave —33lfi2
ML U-"jj;jl.i ComrncKlota
['sprti Gioup
Slnmfuid OcaLa nanrnjy SJiultr
ll^Carcnci Ave —S1J07
S'^n-.iorQ Cjînmodore Tri -County tJcmmodorB Rouen #2. Box 22(^30566
Users Group
I'D Bo* 1337—OC902

PO Ho* Uii—32671
USER GROUPS
INDIANA ftgUsnd Kansas City
Clayton CiMirHV^^trsi^rG Gioup
Columbus OuacTilla Coniincdoro Club Ttii- Pcily fieri rul Wttflld Cnjnmo<Jori] Ufflia Group
Jnyco Jay CnlumLui: Cornmodcuo Club Buckii: WliI^lt HobHndgon Jr, oi KanauGoy
B2? Wanetyii Way 30274 PO n^K 175 7l?81 4^2 Countryside Eil -—OlG'lH SukFtflor Cfrdn
frank Niuliula;,
SttJWU MOUJllULH 11210W ObwyHown TirL PtJ Don aQ492-*Wni
MA INK
AUantii C64 (IfhUrhi Cjifiilp 4721)1 PlOTWB VulJuy VIC/frl Club LitKfciy
Bmii'jiHVji.'k
Ranald Liaoî , . „_-,..- Marvin S Vji|*i NDitbJnnd AmolaUI Hadio
Y U(i [nrun^wiirk]
17Q7 Bkj Vullry Unt*- -aOOStf VIC [ndy Club AttMADUOn
Alnn Uciyor
IDAHO Fr«MJ bnhouaen 20Cnlumbi& Avu-04011
EM 2TJ/64 Uhflrs G;oup fill LiritlvnwuoiJ Lnnu—G'iOGe
Coeu: d1 Atone
Si —46201
Coeur aVAlene Computer Club Compiitai Society of Penalised
36 Buo-iinFin St —OlflOl Conunodort PAC
CaryEdwairU »i an{|| c
Manchestfi Commudore
An Pom P.nm;jJi Lucid"
5<I6 Luncelord Ln —83614 ^01 Ciosby Lob. UMO—04463 MICIirGAN
Moracci M^nn l-n.irnm<j Canto—
Giangoville
Richard M beltows
Portland Ann Arbor 64409
GianQevilIu TJS Cnmputnr Club COEJOE Oclh Si 46902
Sriiiirn'iii Mmnn 20/64 CumrniKJuro UbuI Gruii[j Wfl«*n*buro
Don Kmtnga Kd Moorn If r>f Micfi Cnm modor n IJpî CJrniip n|
910 S DJ Suoet—S3b3O
Teiru Houto John J Gunrmr
WiMit-iji Irtdiano Comtnodara
Idaho Falls Scflrboiouah School ol Pub Ha*hh— PiLfk SurnEncikoinp
Eagle Ruck CornmofJoifl YUG (ScruborouQfi) UofMich - 4niw PO Hot B33 -64093
Dei mi i\ C Qrnham
Computer Club Georgr? Ci"!vjj>ii Brjy City MONTANA
912 E Blown Avo —^7803
Jeanie Larsoti 16 Wwiwoou -04074 Buy Cny Uêrs Gioup
W ^^^
PO Edk 3BB4—B34Q3-3aS4
WtttbRxQi Jim Gfjfiin
1013 N Johnaon Si —1G7M
W°'n M l Co modem
ILLINOIS
Your Cummudor" Uifliy G-icup UMrOroup
Koss Indebcato
Milio Piccssp Clam
2flPatnchUnt—17006 Carl Wlm**
I'O Bon Gil—04032 Miti-Michigan Commrxlnm CJub fiOd tfnnMrvji&n ftvn —09BQ1
IOWA Vl[(|]I Oibbun
Chip Duwr.ny MARYLAND NEBRASKA
DtiB Moinnsi
1303 Nettle #2-61008 ...
Cwninoclure Ccmpiitoc U r-n r s oj pjffli |)hh1||I|I Allirincif

Blonmnig-jin COMI'UCATS Alliance Comrnodoiir Computei
bwa Miclilfi^n Commodore IA LJs.nr
rili-^riiiii1]! ■:. *Ji.'n i! Ftatty ScIil'hIlii
Club
Cuiiis L Shift"! Group Inc
Commodore ug 690W BetAir AVB--23OQ1 M Solli.j
PO EfiK 3140— £0316
Carl Buness Bdllirroii? 1629 BoJic -'03301
FJij'Ja:d
P O Dor 105B—63702-lObfl GalUmoifl Area Commodore _
Canton Uses Gioup Platen Valloy Commodori-

Computer Club Jslit>p<i] Di1!^ Ijic
CrfjiLon A: Gil Commodo:c Michael M Bjoumbpcg
DurF-Ti Hulet Us-rn Tirouri
Users Gioup 4605 Von^ Ava —2120fi
P(J BonblS—bOHH 31044 JnhiiR-*10071
Hobeit S Smolicri WFfliiiKjhuuw BWI Comrnodore 1720 'O St —69341
Wauirloa Midland
Bl*oan Kiwi Collogn. HI! #1— Uh'I CilOll|J
Watvikw Aitii CainiTi^loirt Club Commodoio Compu'.rr Club Llncotn
81E2G
Ci:iii|>ut"j Pow« UnJiimtiKl
S45VLowllh-b0702
Jack WnJlPY
Champaign PO Box 1693-21203 Kobtii Howard
Champaign Uibdna Cnrnmodorn Wooitiiwn Cornrnodor« Club 41GN27—69W3
Uterii Group KANSAS Richmond
Mtke Lonr COMP
Sieve Gast
1712 Aberdeen Rd —2\7M Rufm Pjmfjtn Gtcatoi Omaha C64 Uaoifi Gioup
2OG6 Ciescent Dr.—61E2! Sdli City Cfirrmodaie Cluri
F*a*tOfl 7514 Puny Cm: Bd —18OG2 Ken Jiiele
rtonilErll L) rimKam
1 SaElard County Commodcue 2932 Iâwood Dr -fi3123
Fax Valley Commodof q PO Box 2644 67504 SouthiicJd
Commodora CoiP.puitt NEVADA
Users Group Viola Kim LJo/fl
Cdmrnodole Usvts Gioup PO Box 209-210-17 Lob Veaa-;
■■ .-■■. 1 . | . :
633 Proppoci—60120 Li*t Vtuhb Area PET Usf-si
200bO Winchntlm—1B07G
Wall Lounjibuiy QlOUp
Fifldwtck FunciiDnnvrfi
Kiwx Corroncdoje Club Eti #l.Bra 115—67149 £p13QE Chat I^Lion Ulvd ■—89122
Sîi];nn M Jatotoon
DAB Cornpuirt Club
Randy Fox I0S Key Pt:wy —2170] LAsVefltt
KENTUCKY Dvnnis Hiulisirjuj;i
SOO Coinrnodott Usurs Group
PO HOX&42—19058
3 Jaivo1.' 1! ,.;■ ri,"....■.■ ;j '■.'•:■. G[0i|n
South Suburban V2D Users Club MINNESOTA 4011 w Chailestcn Blvd —
Gioup Joseph F Ruthoivski
N'ick Forte Litik- Pfilit
89102
Z3CovenrivLn—21740
1&9O9 Emeiad—60426 Mi"-.ii'Jarid Aim Computer Co-op
P.O Bo* 165—10004 Leonardtonrn NEW HAMPSHIRE
RuitakM
BowIliiij Giwn
K,inkart« HodWES 240] RivmwooJ Di —5634b
Qcwtinu Gliwn Com men] mo D,iu:il J llamblm C-S4 U S B R 3
BiU Brouilh-i 240 JeHHton St —20650 Hmlwood Foil* V O Bcft 402Z—03H67
RR #2. Box 22811-60901 Imoriacfl
DougShinmi Potomac Winchcttei
PO Box 20214—42102 Ron Schilling
Wpsimn Montgomi^ry CM Monadnock Commodofw D4
C-64 Users Group Ini:
Glasgow Usote Gioup
David W Tarnkin
Glasgow Commodore Joroe ?rtQntii|vjji MlSSrSSIFPI Paul Rule Ell
P.O. Bex 46464—G064G 11209T«k HuiiSfl Ct —20flM
Users Group RFD #1 Route 10—03470
Monmuii-h Sieve Er^^rLd Bcckville
Cult Coiflt Commodore Club NEW JERSEY
RockvilieV1CV64 Uww* Group
Users Group
MukW Harvey BvllaMoad
11i" ndcf son Tom Pounds
Rtitmtt Cokul PO Bot B805—20ftfiC ACGNJ PETA/1OCBM Uwio
906 W 6th Ave —G1462 1 Lj!!ji 'ill UJiJ Qroup
J^mo^ Kemp SJvm Surinam
Paou Jdavpb M iy.ya
1010 S Elm 42420 Montuoinciy Coumy
3oPivi'[vj.*wT*i --msoz
CaminDdorti Js*r6 ol Poona Commodwti Soc Dopt ol Poll Sa — U ol Miu —
Je» Martin LQUIsrATJA MfiryleB Pouiidn Churrv IW
35406 0076
1500 W Devereua 63614
PO Box6444—20906 South JersBV Commouor u
*jfm~rm
_h Ltr
"î 'lXP *n"^
-■_
Rockloid MIS SOUR [ ■Js«ra Croup

Sixty-Fuur "Um Users Group SuMferad Frprf ITprmiin
Rockfcrc! Area CcrmnodorG Fliiit^^ri S KoCfman Capp GiTardeau
Ediwrn Ctwnmod07« U's^ri G:cup
Compulei Club 4317 Stockton St —70001 William H Harr I^'-iiiLinit Ufi<?i^ Gioup
KaLhe ITeyei Mason E^nerscn !■!"!■■ :
^314 OxJOlcI Dl —2074K
2507 Peihatn Pd 611D7 129 S Locunor #7—64701 FT,CU
MASSACHUSETTS John Hjm.iI.1l
Scoll AFti Kunt K Cnuiincy 11
100 Sun Lino Avo—0"/72fl
0600 Pliua Oi —70127 MO AUK Commodore Ugdih
Gtibcit LJ HtUand Jiv/ihvc n CairLEnudorc Uk;i Group Moirm PUiinu
P O Box 397-62225 Group Muahall B "1 uir.<?[ Mums Area Cummotioid
AihLaTtf* CommodoriJ ti4 Cluh
John Hu4y P O Bok 504 -6W58 U&prs (Irnup
Dill WiDcai Ray'hean Co — GRA6-O17730
Springtield PET UbctE Gloup
61 FerncUH Hd -07960
Jcplin Commofloie Compute:
Sulphur
r osbcro Area Commodore
Southwest LA Users Group
User Group B D Conndir
hed White Samuel Knstfh:
'12? S Floridw Ave —&1S01
99 Ann—70662
POWERPLAV 119
USER CHOUPS
Morns Plains Marlon Clacks EuinuiiT.
N Amencan Commodore CDmputt'i Metrnpa)i3 MJiriun Olna Comrno<)ur- Scunton CommoJorfi Roclt Hill Commodore
TuQchejs Uggjs Group Eric Dean Uams Group Unrn Group Utor Group
Pobert J Ssailny PO Box 30—171 Main St— Hidimd MunrJ MnlK A D.tji'. SmJirzik RoUiifl
bl Ferncljll l!d —OVflBU 12Hl' 77 b Wolnnow Pfl —133O£ PO Flux 21] -1H111 565 Scdcybark Cli —2B73Q
Mount Holly Now Yolk Mmloi ciiiton Httghu
RCA Cornmodoru Uutfb Guwu NdwYarkCommndcirfl iiT GiLJo Cojnfflfldflrt CHUG SPABCUQ
William Kn'Ai Uf«K Group Uscjis Group Kevin J Duly James Et Farley
432 Hemlock Ln —08060 Ben Tunkdug t'O Bok23&— 1901B 385 S Spring S'.—29302
Ocean View seORivfTNHltiPr 70—1002& PO BW71IS-44O6Z
Gjci-n&burq
TENNESSEE
Capa-AUcmliC CuminiiiJort! New Yoi'n City V20/C64 PitUocd WpECmore:and Compulei
Users Gioup Uscra GjDup ESTlJi?!.L
CJyTCuni'W Ibgg Cll[]j
B J Oiathndi Hnlph Lees Memph.^ CommodoiQ

Dnvn Sl<,iw7R Gary Means
1440 G.d St^ne Coach Bd — Users Club
&771 Ob&eivouon Ct —4[j1M 3021 Ben Vsnus Di —15601
08230 Stevon A O*if**
PO Bo* 3809b—3B134 0095
RidfiBWDQd Cornmodoru G4 Umitb Groui? Lower BiXia Umi Ocoup
INFO 64 U^rr, Group Ksiili Spnmi1.
Ml FWuiKi Don Moy-r
T"J:! AtuJr-wr: 702 Pail- Avi> NW—44«i3 Commodorfl Compuid Club
2bZ Mflnsliold. Hd —19007
t&W flrigowood Ave —07432 22'iVJ Union Si —Mf»13 Many Garntr
Mount Ho!ly iiprir.g^
PO Boy 96—37330
Unson City OnvagO Fiiî" .'vriiiHied
Hud&cn County Commodore Oswt?yo Commodore KriDHViDe
Cluli of ToJ«];> Andy Sk^lîn
ET G4 Useis Gicup
User Group Um-tb Gioup Jim Cychlan PO BokTB—1706&
Dave Vi'esiphalen P 0 Bo* 8909—43623 New Kcn&jnnton
306 Palisade Ave —07087 *_1_H S L 3 r rt i J lL_ ^ -^ q I I ~l31t-C-' PQ Box 49^- 37903
A-K 64 Ust-r^ Giinjp
Wall T&wrBhip Metro KnoxviUe Commodore
Roebaaw D.iytun Ar«i Commudorrr Alton Glubi&h
JHsey Shore Commadcio CDmmodoKrUuEsCJriîpof U»r» Urmip UKrt« Gioup
l762FiJimm,mSl-1»6e
Edward Piitchard
Chail-ifl Tfiiuii
Huh McKuilcy PO Box Sb^M—14&& fiTS Muiroy H-U I?I —4'J3ai> 74050xmo«Rd-37931
Buying Emp reiconfll
1905 MonmauTh Bfcd 07728 S&JIy D../.V
Compumr Club
OKLAHOMA C&t'VIC 2# f4 Ctub
Ailiiandodi C64 Ukci Oioup AJina McNichol
CL Lib 64 PiulW Klomiui Adron Kennedy
PO Box 16858 P3231—19142
2414 B!uo Rbdyp Di -37379
0 CipoDnti 2GS Wtuxltavm Ave — 1266fi Mushoqw Compuioi & c
Hz^-L^ Tpks -€7470 CoiTjEnodDic Lcvrs Group
Syracuse TEXAS
St*ve Ford Bettt5 Co mmodafe Uwt9 Group
M\ Campbell An-^lin
Commodore 64 Beginners Club 202S 12lh Su*mt—74401
b92 Arboi Unt -MIX Commodore Compuu-r Club
Tho.Tidi', Mririin PO Etox223J—J3220 Oklflhonu City
of Austin
KO Letijh 1 er —DVC7bi Or".Hit Oklflhurnn Pittcburuh CornrnoitoTi- Oruup
TalltTuan Hoy Hofmrat
Camputsi Llub ol Hctklond Lornmodor^ luiii
NEW YORK
PO Bon-19133—787e&
RlCtltfdP HlL ZOlb tlfltuck Dr — 1&23B
CorFiuH Christ j
Al-U ttow Yorfc 1401 N HockÛ-73.27 V U G 0 P
Corpus Criric:i CammodoiGS
Computer Ctub Tonawanda OREGON Jim O Rear

Hoddftdqo—15212
M Southto^na Uêrs Oequo AJCanv PO HOK 6541—78411
Hcmy WhiTft
Michael Lratow Ssknu
200lhTAMP/C Hax 114—09C52 AlhAHy CcifVflU.5 CC4 Dallas
504 SonwTviUe—34150 CflnlrflL PA Usoi Group
0633? 6347 Ustirs Group 64. Users G:cup. In;:
At U.if mus Sum Cordin
HfULp.-',-- Joseph W Cofrmnn
2l3eCtitcoocSi SE—97321
Commodore CompuCi-r Ckub
N TtiEmjlswn
Dîd'^w^n"""'1' UiB[8°[CUI1 PoiUind
Hen 102—177G7
13CO4 Midway Rd —753B0
199Dfjk'[)r-14150 NK ItortJflnd Conirmiclctr-
«« BWnvulAvfl 11714 Hunt
Mmn Lin(? CornmrjdiHp
Bivsix
TllbnHd Uwr Oroup Mid Cities ComnKxluiK dub
Myrmwk Valluy Cummodoro
Cm u ri i'»Lc i [■ Mh: r i»: f 111 a EmUJ VoicncckJr
Um'Tf Group H7rfl N CrtlvtEE Avt — 97217
Amfiony Sanche* !O4G OBTMTBl AlJen Ln —19382
340H MjsIluIu Pkwy — I&U18 1 rii i I Irviny
SaiflSufaon Ave PO EJok Wc&t MiHlm
I'Gt] Cominodonf Ur^rs Group Irving Commodore Useri Gioup
343—12177 South Pittsburgh
00] Marshall
Brooklyn CommotJore LT^ra C^nmiyiiore Group
121 SW Salfljoo SL—07006 F* O Box 155034— 75016
Gmup NORTH CAROLINA Ciurlra W OroyeBJD
Malcolm Jay Goitesman Primivilhi ^407 Pennsylvania Avo —1512^ Longuiew
ri i
173&E lIHhSi Apt #7N- Cnntral Oiotjo^ C64Lfop[nGrfiup I/>Eiyv:-:^v Usccc Gtoup
ChflrnUfl CGI UH(H Group RBIODE ISLAND
1122D LI »' 1 1 _ Ktl -
Miiivin Mt-GtMry Dorothy MtiLzJer
LE ip HhlllKS
4H^N llfirwtjod AVH-577M f SJiniMvllltf PO Bm 92H4—VbGOB
R.ijji Srtaufcat
Lont} Island V3C Socwty Shpnctut UiirriUvjllJi Commodnr^ LuSdwolc
11 liiVi
J HI IJ 1 lAfLf
IOrK
Vhmliill Count/ Commodore Ukpiu Chili Luhbuck Coroincôuj
LtrwiencaV STetam
[>owri Las; Ouinmuaotci IXivnl fl Minui'-iuh
EQ Spyfliflaa Lin«- J1733 Ufiorrj Group Us«rs Group
UiiCia Oroitp 20 Chsrzy Faim Hd —O2J4&O.
Gil-iJI Nc-ch
Hobcit Massi^ni^nlft
Jun WoEthinifior] EiOUtr>2. lion 24fi—f17,1?H 3817 64lh Drive—79413
Qiaat Neck Commodoje 302 Bfllltnwn Hd -2S532
U^sG.oup PENNSYLVANIA Mffitla
Tiycm UrrUtEi Group
Tryon Comir.Ddnrfl 64 Club Alton nci Polmr! H. Payne
300 A lin?1 P G Goie
Robin MjflmtJl AJiuorm & Mdutiiistaxirg Jioiith Kmtv R'' —U28BZ PO nox36fi 7&J67
Ot*mi Kttk PO I?iix 1010 26792
LIVE ] nwiuckoi Victoria
Hutuli Otmohniki Jt
A Ki led man NO11TH DAKOTA i^ 1 C K C[0fi«OBctG Camtnodttfl
H [) #4 Do* 2!>H— lEifKIl
17 Pl<;jkJ||Iv pDtkd 11023 UfKifH Group
AlloOiU lOfi Morns Avo—02B6O
Hcirnrnonilijporr Conuiiuriuie Club oINoe ih Jeriy Guy
BASIC
DjLkllTJl 417lEjn-i Dr 77901
Fingsi Lakes Area KompulQj SOUTH CAROLINA
Exper::> Jnmts 0. Allen M33 13ihAvo—16602 Waco
Cayoo/W CoJunjbm
Terry Lynne Naruy Computaa
ApolJo CumiJiodcie Computoi Club
fifiW Lak« Rd—14640 Hurl A Hays
OHIO
Jabfjg Ju Mooio Uue'ter TOltta Route 4 Box 214—76705
Goinmodoio KlBOkfl 30fiHftiM368— 1&G13 ]*O bt« ^7^—2917] UTAH

CPU Conncciion
rrflke West
HuikM Fmnk Bflrwvn MyiUe Bvach Oodan
am RailioadSt 13471 PO Bun 42032—44142 Commute Updaiv

OE C(ini&1 Wnuatch CoinjTiodore
Ml VcrnOn Edwaid Davidson UMii Bannon Uwrs Group
Cincinnati
K^lkUh' 'I'tEminal Chili &07 W-ritWinit Dt —13312 230 Tarpon Bay—29b77 Miku Mmphy
Cfiinin"r][i[r Vwis ol UluoCtup
. : ' i .'. I1 O Bon 4O2B— a44Q3
TodSuloti u, IjeLI North Chiii]*-KU>rj
BGK2Z22-C-10&S1
Q16 B«ecJiH[ Si --4&20G Wi)iiilwid« Ccirniimduitf CMiLi!"hton Computer Society
VERMONT
New H^rftp"L&ii UfiTES Group JackA Fuir Jj
C-6-1 Uf>^:e Giaup oi Oiange PO Bo* 5264—29406 5 Bu:::ngton
SE Clev**1flEid CammodoEv Dav* Wallet
County Chmnpldin Valley Conunodoie
Cru?i?s Uscri Group PO Box 337—19422
Sitphti: Ger&'J Users Group
C.itI Skrila
Sipve Lippen
lBS73mrhU Hr «137
BP/aylair Si 054D:
120 AUGUST SEPTEMBER 85

USER GROUPS
Computers
Unt^Hiiity 64 Us«s Croup
Allen M Grown
PalliDiogy ,-::,?-■
Alacindriri Uurs Gioup
Utuu al Wa5hmq:on -06155 Ben BeusIi
For The
JtffroyK Horntuckaon
Tacoma P O Itoit 1219—CFPO S056-
WutldWulrt UgflMi Group K0K3H0
B Smith 07223 3731
Urtria Group
Miiik ftnuuh
Blind
vgua
b924 Dovhh D* — 223X0 CWDHS Usois Croup
WISCONSIN
riutQUm
Ailing ion Victims (20/64) ifiBBoteydoSl Eflffl—N1M3V7
CLUB 8
CIlIujii Otadtay
hI 501 AfllnBtofl Blvd -2Z2Q4
Jack WHtfl Talking computers give
PO Bo* 72—S
Cryaia] City Comrncdoto fA C3ub Eau Glaliu
Wayne Chapman
blind and visually impaired
Eon Claim Aron COM 64
U-H'[l; Uruup
people access to electronic
Bin 1200-22203 JofiTiF JiJytky Jr
Data City Pte 5Btx 17&
KoQltnny CDinpiuT-r Clutj information. The question
Turn Lniiff
Duta Cily Commudoie Gieen Day
MBArchiteWSl—ViAlMfl is how and how much?
Usmu Ucoup Cooun flay G4
ManUeal
Richdid F Lux
PO C&1 Useis Group ol Moniieal
PO Box 11E&—
suilax The answers can be found
PENTAF Mndiran AIM Conimodof*>
Users Group
IIJX 3X9 in "The Second Beginner's
9912 Colony R4 —22030 n Srmlh Guide to Personal Com
Franklin
Commod«B Usma ol Finnkiin
Ian Koiry
puters for the Blind and
Utuci' I'rariE
1201 tf Ilitfi St —23851 Users Gp
4-1 Ou«n6[on Si Unu 1?—
Visually Impaired" pub
Hoanekir CfompiUnr Society ^10 I2tii St — 5*725
EOmiy Crock lished by the National
Lflccy Wnniibam Mflwaukee
Ui]fHS tilOU Braille Press. This compre
Rt I.B MACE
B W Rir.i
jphn Ponrruw hensive book contains a
aL Virglnui Uaurs flroup H332W ManLiabnî—&3219
Mrmr-r
Rodna
Buyer's Guide to talking
To[L>[|[[i PET U;Wn OctHjp
n^ BQH461—24663 C.U.SSM QiriN Blbbait microcomputers and large
Tim TmiTimdl
lJ]17,AAvonucjHd Sutie 1—
ii Giuui* 'if 3614 Sovoriffii Di —bSlOG print display processors.
JuIlii Mu''l]"i
WYOMING
7-125 fciaaiadoSt More importantly it in
Gheyenrte C P 9M
K . ■. i ■
HACE Coinm
Chtyerme Ann nJ Wichfle) L^y
cludes reviews, written by
Comp tntiiuciasta CftP HYl
Users Oioup
Lnnv njichnw
WilLliii!! '5cj]Jfin
MEXICO
blind users, of software
bteW-UiamsSL #2GO-B2007
i7?£ KflHmw Or -
Landci
that works with speech.
ZVMFC Umrii Group
WASHINGTON
Tun Siruria
Vicente Su i 2S -06340
Blufi3. Bch3S7
This invaluable resource
II BitcMiftld Ln - B2520
book offers details on
training programs in com
User Group Support puter applications for the
blind, and other useful
Program information on how to buy
HPCS Commodore is creating. i program to support Commodore
.Ilin I.in Mil I I
User Groups. and use special equipment.
TTie two major components—an electronic bulletin
Uunch A' ByWB board on CompuSeive and a newsletter are now available.
Joay Mill*ii The electronic bulletin board is a dedicated section Send orders to:
h!91Q 121st [lacy NE-9BZ7K of the Commodore Information Neftrork of CompuServe
accessible only by "Approved" User Croups. It will be National Braille Press Inc.
used for direct communication as v*U is Commodore 88 St. Stephen Street
announcements.
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f N
POWERPLAV 121
CHIPUIITS CHIPUIITS GfllTIE REUIEUI
Contmued from pg. 73
crabs. In addition, the authors had
tried to think of cute objects the robot
could find and "eat." From the nature
of tlio list, it was beginning to look
Chipwits effectively teaches the fundamental
like a Chipwit would turn out to be a operations oF a computer and how a program
sort of "janitor" robot, a benevolent
dumpstei searching rooms for banana directly influences those operations.
peels, old newspapers, and empty
bottles and cans. Doug's robot hod an
arm that reached out, grabbed the
offending piece of rubbish, and de Continued from py. 71
posited it into a receptacle on the ro in the Workshop area of the play field, dards. The play action is excellent,
bot that looked like a cross between a accessed with the pull-down menu. A although it la confined to the pro
mouth and the rear of a garbage Chipwit program is essentially a gramming aspects of the game; once
truck. string of directional instructions and the Chipwit embarks on an adven
The idea of an ecology-minded ro operators with "goodie" and "obsta ture, it is under the control of the
bot seemed acceptable, but the au cle" arguments for the Chipwit to fol program contained on its chips
thors kept fishing around for some low, Once the program Is created, you Chipwit robots are predominantly
thing with more appeal. Finally, then select an adventure from the silent, making mechanical sounds
Doug's wife came to the rescue. Inga Warehouse pull-down menu. only as they move about and bump
suggested it might be cute to have By placing your Chipwit in an ad into things. A music programming fa
the robot eat something that people venture, you are able to test your pro cility is provided, however, to liven
could identify with—something like gramming. If the Chipwit doesn't fare things up. Musical notes may be in
pie and coffee. The idea of a robot too well in a room, it's easy enough to cluded in the program so the Chipwit
running around in a monster-filled remedy by "debugging" the pro will play a song for you—a very nice
maze looking for pie and coffee to re gram. To debug, you simply go back touch that allows the Chipwit to en
plenish its energy appealed to Doug to the Workshop, do your program tertain as it functions.
and Mike. In Mike's words, "We editing, then give it another try. This Chipwits is delightful and delight
knew the only true sources of energy feature, in particular, makes Chipwits fully easy to use. Well-written docu
in the universe were pie and coffee." most useful for teaching the concepts mentation makes understanding the
After many long weeks filled with of programming. It clearly illustrates objectives, controls, and features of
16-hour days, Chipwits was finally to the player how explicitly a comput the game a snap, The lower adven
ready to be unveiled at the January er will follow wrong instructions. The ture levels, such as Greedvilie. are
Consumer Electronics Show. capability to return to the Workshop very easy to complete. As the adven
At CES, almost everyone who saw for debugging enforces the learn-by- ture levels progress, however, so do
Chipwits warmed up to the little ro doing concept of the game. their complexity and difficulty. Make
bot. Publishers, distributors and re The IBOL-based program is stored no mistake about it, Chipwits is chal
porters all praised Mike and Doug for on a set of "chips." A Chipwit chip lenging even for the seasoned pro
their achievement, but the most re set consists of the main panel (panel grammer.
warding and unexpected recognition A) and nine subpanels (panels B-J). I found Chipwits to be highly edu
came from their peers. In two's and Since each panel can contain up to 40 cational in addition to being highly
three's, programmers from competing different chips, complex programs entertaining. It effectively teaches the
software firms dropped by to see the may be structured. In order for the fundamental operations of a computer
new robot game that teaches children program instructions to execute in and how a program directly influ
the fundamentals of computer pro the right order, "input" and "output" ences those operations I aiso found
gramming. wires are provided to connect the Chipwits to be very challenging and
Chipwits looked like it might be a chips. even addictive on the more difficult
hit. The irresponsible fling at becom Editing any of the panels may be play levels. The concept of the game
ing software superstars hadn't been done with commands such as cut, is simple enough, but getting the
so irresponsible after all. Mike and paste, copy, and clear. Additionally, Chipwit to act according to your
Doug had come up with an original chips may be deleted or changed at wishes demands concentration and
idea, designed a game, programmed will. strategy. It's an excellent program
it on three different computers, found Sixteen Chipwits robots "live" on that teaches by osmosis—you have to
a publisher for it, and delivered a suc the disk and each may be taught to learn things to enable the robot to
cessful product in under eight play any of eight different games. The complete the level; the harder the lev
months, Simple, right? "Well, only if games are adventures consisting of el, the more you'll have to learn to
you love punishment." says Mike between four (easy) and 49 (difficult) write an effective program.
"Right," says Doug, who was last rooms. Hence, the continued chal Regardless of your age, Chipwits is
seen cross-country skiing at Yosem- lenge level of the game is high. a worthwhile program that will keep
lte, miles from the neatest golf The animation and graphics of you entertained and fascinated for
course. Q Chipwits are up to Epyx's usual stan many hours—-I recommend it ra
HOW TO EHTER PROGRniTlS in Power/Play
The programs which appear in this vice-versa. Check for semicolons and for missing commas or other typos.
magazine have been run, tested and colons reversed and extra or missing If the variable is not coming from
checked for bugs and errors, After a parenthesis. All of these things will data statements, then the problem
program is tested, it is printed on a cause a syntax error. will bo a little harder to find. Check
letter quality printer with some There is only one time a syntax er each line that contains the variable
formatting changes This listing is ror will tell you the 'wrong' line to look for typing mistakes
then photographed directly and at. If the line the syntax error refers to
printed in the magazine. Using this has a function call (i.e., FN A(3)), the OUT OP DATA ERROR
method ensures the most error-free syntax error may be in the line that This error message is always re
program listings possible. defines the function, rather than the lated to the data statements in a pro
Whenever you see a word inside line named in the error message. Look gram. If this error occurs, it means
brackets, such as [DOWNj, the word for a line near the beginning of the that the program has run out of data
represents a keystroke or series of program (usually) that has DEF FN items before it was supposed to. It is
keystrokes on the keyboard. The word A(X) in it with an equation following usually caused by a problem or typo
[DOWN] would be entered by press it. Look for a typo in the equation part in the data statements. Check first to
ing the cursor-down key. If multiple of this definition. see if you have left out a whole line of
keystrokes are required, the number data. Next, check for missing com
will directly follow the word. For ex
ILLEGAL QUANTITY ERROR
mas between numbers. Reading data
This is another common error mes
ample, [D0WN4] would mean to press from a pago of a magazine can be a
sage. This can also be caused by a
the cursor-down key four times. If strain on the brain, so use a ruler or a
typing error, but it is a little harder to
there are multiple words within one piece of paper or anything else to help
find. Once again, list the line number
set of brackets, enter the keystrokes you keep track of where you are as
that the error message refers to.
directly after one another. For exam you enter the data.
There is probably a poke statement
ple, |D0WN,RIGHT2] would mean to
press the cursor-down key once and
on this line. If there is, then the error OTHER PROBLEMS
is referring to what is trying to be It is important to remember that
then the cursor-right key twice.
poked. A number must be in the the 64 and the PET/CBM computers
In addition to these graphic sym
range of zero to 255 to be poke-able. will only accept a line up to 80 charac
bols, the keyboard graphics are all
For example, the statement POKE ters long. The VIC 20 will accept a
represented by a word and a letter.
1024,260 would produce an illegal line up to 88 characters long, Some
The word is either SHFT or CMD and
quantity error because 260 is greater times you will find a line in a program
represents the SHIFT key or the Com
than 255. that runs over this number of charac
modore key. The letter is one of the
Most often, the value being poked ters. This is not a mistake in the list
letters on the keyboard. The combina
is a variable (A,X...). This error is tell ing. Sometimes programmers get so
tion JSHFT E| would be entered by
ing you that this variable is out of carried away crunching programs
holding down the SHIFT key and
range. If the variable is being read that they use abbreviated commands
pressing the E. A number following
from data statements, then the prob to get more than 80 (or 88) characters
the letter teils you how many times to
lem is somewhere in the data state on one line. You can enter these lines
type the letter. For example, (SHFT
ments. Check the data statements by abbreviating the commands when
A4.CMD B3] would mean to hold the
SHIFT key and press the A four times,
CHART OF SPECIAL CHARACTER COMMANDS
then hold down the Commodore key
and press the B three times.
Gj"|HOMEr=»UNSHIFTED CUV HOME fl " CONTROL 5
The following chart tells you the
" [CLEAH1" = SK3FTED CLR/HOME Q "[GREENr-CONTROL 6
keys to press for any word or words
\
|DOWN|" = CURSOR DOWN R ■;bluei"-cont3Ol7
inside of brackets. Refer to this chart
T'|UP1".CURSOR UP H ■1!VELLOW]"=CONTROL8
whenever you aren't sure what keys
0 "lORANCE]" -COMMODOHi: 1
to press. The little graphic next to the 'IHIOHT]" -CURSOR RIGHT
keystrokes shows you what you will H "1LEI-T|M = CUPSORLEFT P 1[BROWN]"-COMMODORE2

see on the screen. M"|L RED|" = COMMODORE 3
SYNTAX ERROR ■ "[RVOFFI"-CONTROL 0 HI ■■[GRAY1!11=COMMODORE 4

This is by far the most common ffl "[BLACKr = CONTROL! H-10FAY2!11-COMMODORE 5
error encountered while entering a [| ■|WHrTE|-=CONTP.OL2 I] "IL GREEN]■1-COMMODORE6 POUND
program. Usually (sorry folks) this H "1REDI"-CONTROL 3 El'lL BLUE!"-COMMODORE7 "!SHFT T-PISYMBOL
means that you have typed some 1-1 'CONTROL 4 F] [GRAY3|rl - COMMODORE 8
51 ■■[■]" -UP ARROW
thing incorrectly on the line the syn
GRAPHIC SYMBOLS WILL BE REPRESENTED AS EITHER THE LETTERS
tax error refers to. If you get the
SHFT (SHIFT) AND A KEY ("|SHFT Q.SHFT J.SHFT D.SHFT S]") OR THE
message "?Syntax Error Break In Line
LETTERS CMDR (COMMODORE) AND A KEY ("[CMDR Q.CMDR
270", type LIST 270 and press RE
G.COMDR Y.CMDR H]'1). IF A SYMBOL IS REPEATED. THE NUMBER OF
TURN. This will list line 270 to the
REP1TITIONS WILL BE DIRECTLY AFTER THE KEY AND BEFORE THE
screen. Look for any non-obvious mis
COMMA r|SPACE3,SHFT S4.CMDR M2]")
takes like a zero in place of an 0 or
I'OWECHl'L.W 123
you enter the line. The abbreviations
£01 BASIC commands are on pages How to Use the Magazine Entry Program
133-134 of the VIC 20 user guide and
130-131 of the Commodore 64 user's
guide The Magazine Entry Program on
If you typo a lino that is longer than page 125 is a machine language pro IMPORTANT
80 (or 88) characters, the computer gram that will assist you in entering If the Magazine Entry Program sees
will act as if everything is ok, until the programs in this magazine cor a mistake on a line, it does not enter
you press RETURN. Then, a syntax rectly. It is foi uso with the Commo that line into memory. This makes it
error will be displayed. dore 64 only and was written by Mark impossible to enter a line incorrectly.
Robin using the IE A Editor/Assem
THE PROGRAM WONT RUN!! bler. Once the program is in place, it Error Messages and What
works its magic without you having They Mean
This is the hardest of problems to
to do anything else. The program will There are six error messages that
resolve; no error message is dis
not let you enter a line if there is a the Magazine Entry Program uses.
played, but the program just doesn't
typing mistake on it. and better yet. it Here they are, along with what they
run. This can be caused by many
identifies the kind of error for you mean and how to fix them.
small mistakes typing a program in.
NO CHECKSUM: This means that
First check that the program was
Getting Started you forgot to enter the apostrophe
written for the computer you are
Type in the Magazine Entry Pro and the four letters at the end of the
using. Check to see if you have left
gram carefully and save it as you go line. Move the cursor to the end of the
out any lines of the program. Check
along (just in case). Once the whole line you just typed and enter the
each line of the program for typos or
program is typed in. save it again on checksum
missing parts. Finally, press the
tape or disk. Now RUN the program. QUOTE: This means that you for
RUN/STOP key whUe the program is
The word POKING will appear on the got (or added) a quote mark some
'running'. Write down the line the
top of the screen with a number. The where in the line. Check the line in
program broke at and try to follow the
number will increment from 49152 up the magazine and correct the quote.
program backwards from this point,
to 50052, and just lets you know that PARENTHESIS: This means that
looking for problems.
the program is running. If everything you forgot (or added) a parenthesis
IF ALL ELSE FAILS is ok, the program will finish running somewhere in tho line. Check the lino
and tell you to type NEW. If there is a in the magazine again and correct the
You've come to the end of your problem with the data statements, parenthesis.
rope. You can't get the program to the program will tell you where to find KEYWORD: This means that you
run and you can't find any errors in the problem. have either forgotten a command or
your typing. What do you do? As al Once the program has run, it is in spelled one of the BASIC keywords
ways, we suggest i,hat you try a local memory ready to go, To activate the (GOTO, PRINT ) incorrectly. Check
user group for help, In a group of even program, typo SYS49152 and press the line in the magazine again and
just a dozen members, someone is RETURN. When the READY prompt is check your spelling.
bound to have typed in the same pro displayed, type TEST and press RE # OF CHARACTERS: This means
gram. TURN. You are now ready to enter the that you have either entered extra
If you do get a working copy, be programs from the magazine. characters or missed some charac
sure to compare it to your own ver ters. Check the line in the magazine
sion so that you can learn from your Typing the Programs again. This error message will also
errors and increase you understand All the program listings in this occur if you misspell a BASIC com
ing of programming. magazine that are for the 64 have an mand, but create another keyword in
If you live in the country, don't apostrophe followed by four letters at doing so. For example, if you misspell
have a local user group, or you simply the end of the line (i.e.. "ACDF). The PRINT as PRONT. the 64 sees the
can't get any help, write to us. If you apostrophe and letters should be en letter P and R, the BASIC keyword ON
do write to us, include the following tered along with the rest of the line. and then the letter T. Because it sees
information about the program you This is a checksum that the Magazine the keyword ON, it thinks you've got
are having problems with: Entry Program uses. too many characters, instead of a sim
The name of the program Enter the line and the letters at the ple misspelling. Check spelling of
The issue of the magazine it was In end and then press RETURN, just as BASIC commands if you can't find
The computer you are using you normally would. anything else wrong.
Any error messages and the line If the line is entered correctly, a bell UNIDENTIFIED: This means that
numbers is sounded and the line is entered into you have either made a simple spell
Anything displayed on the screen the computer's memory (without the ing error, you typed the wrong line
A printout of your listing (if characters at the end). number, or you typed the checksum
possible) If a mistake was made while enter incorrectly. Spelling errors could be
Send your questions to: ing the line, a noise is sounded and the wrong number of spaces inside
Power/Play Magazine an error message is displayed. Read quotes, a variable spelled wrong, or a
1200 Wilson Drive the error message, then press any key word misspelled. Check the line in
West Chester, PA 19380 to erase the message and correct the the magazine again and correct the
ATTN: Program Problem line. mistake. Q
Mad' I^ntv^f Pl*r\rfv>m The Magailne Entry Pi ogram is available on disk, along with the other programs in this magazine, for
lagaz IT1P
ll It- CllLly rUJgldlll 39.95. To order contact Loadstar at [-800831-2694.
1 PRINT " [CLEAR]POKING-"; 1050 DATA 41,52,45,4E,54,48,45,53

5 P=49152 :REM $C0O£J 1051 DATA 49,53,O0,C8,B1,7A,DO,FB
10 READ A$:IF AS="END"THEN 80 11152 DATA 34,FD,CO,09,10,03,4C,C7
20 I_=ASC(MID$(A$,2rl)) 1053 DATA Cl,38,n8,8S,88,88,Bl,7A
30 H=ASC(MIDS{A$,1,1)) 1054 DATA C9,27,D0,n,A9,00,91,7A
40 L- L-4 8 :IF L>9 THEN L=L~7 1055 DATA CO,A2,O0,B1,7A,9D,3C,03
50 H=H-48 :IF H>9 THEN H=H-7 1056 DATA C3,E8,EO,04,D0,F5,60,4C
60 PRINT" [HOME,RIGHT12]"P; 1057 DATA F2,C2,AO,ii0,B9,OO,O2,99
70 B=H*16+L:POKE P,B:T=T+B:P=P+1 1058 DATA 4O,03,FO,F2,C8,DO,F5,AD
:GOTO 10 1059 DATA OO,B9,4O,03,F0,E8,99,O;i
80 IF TO 103233 THEN PRINT"MISTAKE IN 1060 DATA O2,C8,DO,F5,20,D7,C1,4C
DATA - -> CHECK DATA STATEMENTS":END 1061 DATA 56,C2,A0,0B,A9,O0,99,0 3
90 PRINT" DONE":END 1062 DATA CO,SD,3C,H3,88,10,F7,A'J
1000 DATA 4C,23,CO,00,00,00,00,03 1063 DATA 80,85,0 2,20, IB, C3,A0, 0(1
1001 DATA 00,00,00,00,00,00,03,00 1064 DATA 20,9B,C1,20,CA,C1,20,31
1002 DATA 00,58,C1,5E,C1,66,C1,75 1365 DATA C2,E6,7A,E6,7B,20,7C,A5
1003 DATA C1,83,C1,8F,C1,EA,EA,EA 1066 DATA AO,0O,20,AF,C0,FO,CD,24
1004 DATA 4C,83,C0,A2,05,BD,lD,C(i 1067 DATA 0 2,FO,O6,2C,D7,CO,4C,12
1005 DATA 95,73,CA,10,F8,60,AO,02 1068 DATA C2,C9,22,DO,O6,2O,BC,C0
1006 DATA B9,00,02,D9,3C,C1,D0,OB 1069 DATA 4C,12,C2,20,E7,CO,4C,12
1007 DATA 88,1O,F5,A9,01,8D,10,C0 1070 DATA C2,AD,0O,B9,OO,02,20,A3
1008 DATA 4C,1F,C1,60,AO,03,B9,00 1071 DATA C0,C8,90,OA,18,6D,Oy,CO
1009 DATA 02,D9,33,Cl,DO,EC,88,10 1072 DATA 3D,0 9,C0,4C,33,C2,88,A2
1010 DATA F5,A9,00,3D,10,CD,4C,lF 1073 DATA 00,B9,00,02,90,00,02,FO
1011 DATA C1,60,A0,03,B9,OB,R2,D9 1074 DATA 04,E8,C8,D0,F4,60,18,AD
1012 DATA 34,C1,D0,E0,88,10,F5,A0 1075 DATA OB,CO,69,41,8D,OB,CO,38
1013 DATA Q5,B9,A2,E3,99,73,C0,38 1076 DATA AD,OC,C0,E9,19,9tl,0 6,8D
1014 DATA 10,F7,A9,0O,8D,18,D4,4C 1077 DATA 0C,C0,4C,63,C2,AD,OC,C0
1015 DATA 1F,C1,E6,7A,DO,O2,E6,7B 1073 DATA 69,41,SO,OC,CO,AD,05,CO
1016 DATA 4C,7 9,O0,A5,9O,FO,F3,A5 1079 DATA 6D,37,C0,4 8,AD,0 5,Cfl,6D
1017 DATA 7A,C9,FF,D3,ED,A5,7B,C9 1080 DATA 08,CO,8D,0E,CD,68,6D, 11A
1018 DATA 01,DO,E7,20,5A,CO,AD,00 1081 DATA C0,8D,OD;Cfl,AD,0E,C0,6D
1019 DATA 02,20,A3,C0,90,DC,A0,00 1082 DATA O9,C0,8D,0E,CO,38,E9,19

1020 DATA 4C,EA,C1,C9,30,3O,06,C9 1033 DATA 9O,O6,8D,0E,CO,4C,96,C2
1021 DATA 3A,10,02,38,60,18,60,C8 1084 DATA AD,OE,CO,69,41,8D,0E,C0
1022 DATA B1,7A,C9,20,DO,03,C8,D0 1085 DATA AD,0D,Cfl,E9,19,9 0,flS,8D
1023 DATA F7,B1,7A,60,18,C8,B1,7A 1086 DATA 0D,CO,4C,AB,C2,AD, 0D,C(1
1024 DATA FO,35,C9,22,F0,F5,6D,05 1087 DATA 69,41,8D,{ID, CO, AO ,01, AD
1025 DATA C0,8D,05,C0,AD,06,CO,69 1088 DATA 0B,CO,CD,3C,O3,DO,2O,C8
1026 DATA 0O,8D,O6,CO,4C,BD,CO,18 1039 DATA AD,OC,CO,CD,3D,0 3,DO,17
1027 DATA 6D,07,CO,8D,07,CO,90,03 1090 DATA C8,AD,0D,CO,CD,3E,0 3,DH
1028 DATA EE,08,CO,EE,0B,C0,G»,18 1091 DATA 0E,AD,OE,CO,CD,3F,O3,DO
1029 DATA 6D,OA,C0,8D,DA,C0,9O,O3 1092 DATA 0'",,20,64,C3,4C,7A,C(1,AD
1030 DATA EE,O9,CH,EE,OC,CO,60,0A 1093 DATA 10,CO,DO,11,98,48,68,4C
1031 DATA A8,B9,11,C0,85,FB,B9,12 109 4 DATA F7,C0,AD,1D,C0,F0,01,60
1032 DATA C0,85,FC,A0,O0,A9,12,20 1095 DATA A9,0 4,4C,F7,C0,A4,FD,A9
1033 DATA D2,FF,B1,FB,F0,O6,2O,D2 1096 DATA 27,91,7A,A2,3fi,C8,BD,0B
1034 DATA FF,C8,D0,F6F20,54,C3,20 1097 DATA C0,91,7A,C8,E8,EO,04,D0
1035 DATA 7E,C3,20,E4,FF,F0,FB,A0 1098 DATA F5,A9,0l),91,7A,2O,64,C3

1036 DATA 1B,B9,3F,C1,2O,D2,FF,88 1099 DATA 4C,7A,C0,AO,[)O,B9, ()(],!) 2
1037 DATA 1O,F7,68,68,A9,0O,8D,0D 1100 DATA F0,ll,C9,23,DO,03,EE,03
1038 DATA 02,4C,74,A4,4B,49,4C,4C 1101 DATA Cfl,C9,29,D0,O3,EE,0 4,CO
1039 DATA 54,45,53,54,41,44,44,91 1102 DATA C8,D0,EA,AD,O3,CO,CD,O4
1040 DATA 91,OD,20,20,20,20,20,2:1 1103 DATA C0,DO,O1,6O,A9,O5,4C,F7
1041 DATA 20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20 1104 DATA CO,A9,20,3D,00,D4,3D,01
1042 DATA 2(1,20,20,20,20,20,91,OD 1105 DATA D4 ,A9,O9,3D,!)5,D4,A9,Ot"
1043 DATA 5 1 , 5 5 , 4F , 54 , 4 5 , 00 , 4B , 4 5 110S DATA 3D,18,D4,GO,2O,41,C3,A9

1044 DATA 59,57,4F,52,44,00,23,20 11(17 DATA 91,20,77,C3,A9,8tl,2[),77
1045 DATA 4F,46,20,43,48,41,52,41 1103 DATA C3,4C,71,C3,20,41,C3,A9
1046 DATA 43,54,45,52,53,00,55,4E 1109 DATA ll,2fl,77,C3,A9,li),2!1,77
1047 DATA 49,44,45,4E,54,49,45,49 1113 DATA C3 , A9 , 0 0 , 3D, 0 4 , D4 , 'i 0 , 3D
1048 DATA 45,44,00,4E,4F,20,43,48 1111 DATA 0 4,D4 fA2,7f),AC,R0,8fl,DO
1049 DATA 45,43,48,53,55,40,00,53 1112 DATA FD,CA,D0,FA,60,END
POWERPLAY 125
NOV. WRITER CEOPOLITIQUE
Continuedfrom pg, 16 Continued from pg. 20 Continued from pg, .18
Reston's "Adventures for Girls," in progresses Finally, you are shown scenarios commence in 1990 except
corporates an animated character and how to wrap up the process and save for the last one, modeled on the pres
a one-word paisor that makes it more your completed game. ent day economic/political/mihtary
approachable by young players, but In tho third section, the reference situation, which is entitled "Confron
the story about, survival in the Stone section, you are presented with a syn tation 1984." Interestingly enough,
Age struck me as too authentic. opsis of each table within the data the world tension in this scenario be
Would you enjoy a game whose main base and how it interacts with the gins at level III—'Declaration of world
activity consists of digging up and other parts of the program. Included war by one of the powers is credi
eating worms' in this section are legal conditionals ble'—which certainly stands as a
that you may manipulate and instruc rather pessimistic and worrying judg
The Call of the Ore tions on how to use the 32 flags that ment.
Role-playmc] game aficionados might are available and how to enhance The documentation for Geopohii-
try one of two now games that enliven your adventure. Tins is all topped ofl que 1990, so often a weakness in oth
the traditional swords-and-sorcery with a glossary of tho terms. er computer games, is particularly
scenario with shoot-'em-up action. As with other Cede writer products, strong, with a rulebook that provides
Gemstone Warrior (Strategic Simula this manual is very accurate and com not only a glossary and player notes
tions) and The Sword olKadash (Pen plete. The tutorial is well planned and but also suggestions for adapting the
guin) feature joystick or keyboard progresses logically. All facets of ad game for classroom use. However, a
control of an animated warrior who venture development are discussed few errors have crept into the rules.
explores a maze packed with various and demonstrated The system em For instance, the scenario reference
monsters and treasure. In both ploys liberal use of user-friendly chart printed on the back cover is
games, your character can blast away menus to guide you through the var inaccurate. Players should be aware
with his crossbow, and Gcmstone's ious phases of creating the adven that the starting situation, even in the
warrior also shoots deadly fireballs at tures. The manual also employs Code- same scenario, can vary to such a
the foe. Kadash shows off better ani writer's system of providing a border degree that a particular game will be
mation and a more interesting array containing visual prompts on each heavily weighted in favor of thB U.S.
of action-based challenges, while page to help the non-computer user or U.S.S.R It may, therefore, be nec
Gemstone offers action and a wide or neophyte along in the tutorial. essary to boot up the game several
variety of magic spells (Kadash pro They didn't leave anything out in this times to ensure that the computer ini
vides just one). But if you'd rather one except for a description of one of tializes a sufficiently balanced situa
wail for the next Ultima IV, the fourth the tables (a minor oversight). tion.
installment in the Lord British series, Some of the nicest features are: No home computer gamo can ade
it will be ready sometime this fall Mis You can easily check for available quately simulate all of the myriad
company, Origin Systems, is also do memory, print out the contents of the complexities of modern day war and
ing a Commodore 64 conversion of a tables, make sounds during the ad politics. Certain simplifications will
new game called Moebius. which venture and save an adventure in pro have to be made and Geopolitique
mixes martial arts with magic and gress and reload it later The inter 1990 is no exception. Thus, only a few
swardplay m an Oriental setting. preter is also quite forgiving to the minor countries are represented on an
user and you can assign words as individual basis and some regions
Around the Bend synonyms (this is a biggie). consisting of nations with exceeding
Infocom's latest is about a mailman Like solving a puzzle when you al ly diverse politics, like the Middle
who resorts to magic while making ready know the solution, so the result East, are lumped into single territor
his rounds, but Wishbringer is not a of Adventurewnter isn't as challeng ies. The game also includes no ideo
sequel to Sorcerer. Other titles recent ing, because of the fact that you (the logical factors or influences, so coun
ly released include: Telarium's Sha- creator of the adventure) already tries like Canada and the United
dowkeep (a role-playing game) and know the solution This is not to imply Kingdom aie |ust as likely to conclude
Starman Jones, a graphic adventure that an adventure gainer cannot enjoy agreements with the Soviet Union as
based on a Robert Hcinlom novel; an the benefits and intrigue of they are with the U.S.
other role-playing game from Strate Adventurewnter, Perhaps, after hav Nonetheless, despite such compro
gic Simulations, Phantasie, and a ing played many adventures, you mises, Geopolitique 1990 does pro
conversion of Datamost's Earthly De think that you can make a bigger and vide the player with a feel for, and
lights, an all-text mystery in which better (the ultimate adventure) game insight into, the problems which the
you play the victim rather than the Perhaps, after having used Adventur leaders of the two superpowers must
detective. (Look (or details on the best ewnter, you will enjoy creating more confront in the not too distant future.
ones next issue.) On tho horizon, than playing. Only you can make this With the fate of the world often hang
Steve Meretzky. who wrote Sorcerer distinction in your own mind. ing in the balance, decisions do not
and Hitchhiker's Guide, is designing Adventurowriter is a tool, just like any come easily, but what is simple to
his first "disk drive detective" sce other program. You can use this tool conclude js that GeopolHique 1990
nario—which may introduce the im to create. Your enjoyment will be in should appeal to all people who enjoy
proved Infocom parser and signal the the pride of your creation more so an entertaining, stimulating and in
next battle of the Parser War. Q than in the actual use. Q structive challenge Q
NEWS
POWER PLAY'S FROM THE BACK
Adventure Writing Contest Deadline Extended

IlJlectronic Arts (2755 Campus Drive. San Mateo, CA 94404) has extended the deadline for their adventure writing contest to January 1.
1986. The contest awards S1000 to the best computer adventure written by owners of the company's Adventure Construction Set in
three categories: fantasy.'medieval, spy/mystery, and science fiction.
Introduction to the 64
Ulinsteln's Computer Guide for the Commodore 64, a book published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1250 Sixth Avenue. San Diego,
CA 92101), gives new computer owners step-by-step instructions for operating and programming the Commodore 64.
Written by Jeff Einstein, the book requires no prior computer experience and covers general computer features and applications, from
finding the power switch to understanding computer memory. It also includes instructions for slarl-up, formatting and duplicating a disk,
and file management as well as a glossary.
The book includes chapters on graphics and sound, and includes line-by-line programming instructions. Seventy-five programs are
included, and instructions are given for developing your own programs.
The book is available for $7.95.
Lucasfilm Games
Jlpyx (1043 Kiel Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94089) and Lucasfilm Ltd. have released two action games for the Commodore 64. Ballblazer and
Rescue on Fractalus! have been awarded the 1985 Design Certificate of Merit from Electronic Games Magazine. As partners.
Lucasfilm Ltd. will design and Epyx will market two more computer games under the tradename Lucasfilm Games.
Ballblazer is a futuristic, two-player fantasy sport which is played at fast speeds on a split screen showing both players' point of view.
Players race across the 3-D play field attempting to steal the ball from an opponent and blast it through the goal.
In Rescue on Fractalus!, the player pilots to the planet Fractalus to rescue fellow pilots. To succeed, players must navigate rugged
mountains, elude suicide saucers, and destroy enemy gun emplacements.
Retail prices were not available at publication time.
War Game Series

JVlicroProse {120 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Valley, MD 21030) has released the "Command Series" simulations for the Commodore 64.
Crusade tn Europe, the first in the series, simulates the American and British struggle against Nazi Germany from the D-day invasion to
the Battle of the Bulge. It Includes three short battle scenarios that can be played in an hoar and two longer scenarios that take two to four
hours. The full campaign game may take a day to play all at once, but since any game can be saved at any point, It can be played over
several sittings.
Decisions in the Desert, the second in the series, recreates the tense battle between Field Marshall Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps and
the British 8th Army for control of North Africa. Other programs in the series include Sword of Zion, the Arab-Israeli Wars; Blitzkrieg
1940, the German victories early in the Second World War; and Drive on Moscow, Hitler's war on Russia. Each retails for S39.95.
Introductory-Level Fantasy Game

VV ishbringer is Infocom's (55 Wheeler Street, Cambridge, MA 02138) latest Interactive fantasy for the introductory level player on the
Commodore 64. You are a mail clerk in a small seaside town. Your boss gives you a mysterious envelope which you must deliver to the Olde
Magick Shoppe on the other side of town. At the Shoppe.you learn that the owner's cat has been kidnapped by somebody called the "Evil
One." Whenyou set out in search of the cat, you find the feline is not the only thing missing. The entire town has changed, familiar people
and places are gone or twisted into sinister new forms. Overseeing this skewed environment is the "Evil One" and her henchmen, the Boot
Patrol.
To find the cat and avoid being jailed by the Boots, you'D need to use skill and cunning. As the ancient proprietress of the Magick Shoppe
reveals, you'll also find help in the form of a magic stone called Wishbringer. However, you must find this stone and learn to wield its
terrible powbf.
Wishbringer can be played on two difficulty levels. Using magic, the game is a perfect introduction to interactive fiction. Without magic,
all of the puzzles can be solved by purely logical means. The game retails for 834,95.
POWERPUY 127
HEKTmonTH HDVERTI5ERSIHDEH
Reader
WATCH FOR THESE Service Page
UPCOMING ISSUES Advertiser Index No. No.
Abacus Software 1 44-45
Commodore Microcomputers, September/October Academy Software 2 12

The AFL-C1O is trying to prevent "electronic cottagers"
from doing computer-related work at home. If it is suc Aprotek •
cm
cessful, what will that mean for the computer industry's
Army Brat 4 8
freelancers and at-home entrepreneurs? Find out in this
issue. Carbo Tech 3 10
AND YOU'LL ALSO FIND
• Programming the Commodore 128 C-M.S. 31 2
• An overview of voice synthesizers and voice recogni Comb Company, Inc. *
37
tion for the 64.
Commodore Corporate
*
• Free programs to type and save. CII-1, 66-67
• Reviews of the latest software for your Commodore
Commodore Software
*
27,31
computer.
Compulel Publishing Society 6, 19 35,63

Commodore Power/Play, October/November Would
you rather make war or music on your Commodore 64? CompuServe 7 7
This issue shows you the best way to do both, with
Computer Book Club 8 39
overviews of 20th century war games and music soft
ware for your favorite computer. Computer Novelty 9 10
ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:
• Progrnmt: for the Commodore 128 Comlel Group, Inc. 33 21
• More game reviews than any other Commodore-spe-
Electronic Arts 11 5
cific magazine.
• Free game programs to type and save. Entrepo 13 23
• Fun and games with the Jazz Scats, software devel
Hesware 12 111
opers who didn't, like computers very much, at first.
Howard W. Soms & Co., Inc. 30 29
Intelligent Software *
12
Loadstar 27 32
MegaSoft Limited 14 60-61
Micro League Sports 15 9
DON'T LEAVE US BEHIND Micro Prose 16 17
Moog
•
91
after your next move
Muse Software 17 25
Make sure you send in your change of address so
National Braille Press
•
Commodore Microcomputers will arrive at your new 121

home when you do. Just lill out Ihe form and attach your
Peripheral Systems of America 5 43
label, then send if to our subscription office.
Pralecto Enterprises 18 50-53
Public Domain 26 8
Smada Enterprizes 20,21 12,63

address npi #
Solid State 22 109
city stale Strategic Simulations 23 CIV
ATTACH LABEL HERE AND MAIL TO: Sublogic Corporation 24,25 11,13
Commodore Power/Play
Subscription Department Tele-Learning 28 19
Box 651
Holmes, PA 19043 'No Reader Service No. Given
12B AUGUST/SEPTEMBER'85
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If you have been searching for a letter The built in 2K buffer allows a page or THE BEST PART
quality printer you probably found that two of concurrent printing and use of When pricing a daisy wheel prinler
(he flood of claims and counterclaims your computer for the next job. To really with ail these features (if you could find
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Not long ag" we were in the same posi features, the automatic Cut Sheet Feeder $700 dollars. The options would add
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Aprotck Daisy 1120
heavy-duty workhorse printing al 20 At 15 L'l'l you can print itiii columns—a,
w/standard Centronics
characters per second. The manufacturer must for spreadsheet programs.
and 2K huffer.
is Olympic Co. Ltd.. a highly respected The Daisy 1120 uses the Diablo
ylype II* standard ribbon cartridges. Options
Japanese firm.
Again universally available. Auto Cut Sheet Feeder «U
FEATURES GALORE
Nol only is the hardware completely Tractor Feed (#1112) $77
This printer has it all. To slart with, it
COinpalibic. the control codes recognized Interface wilii cable fot all C
has a fronl control panel willi Indicators
hy the Daisy 1120 are Diablo 630« (except PET) ("1105) $44
for Pitch Selection which allows for Ml,
compatible (induslry standard). You can Ask about cables anil inU'rfii
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lake advantage of all thy great features computers.
Proportional Spacing. There is u Select
of word processing packages and
(Online) button (with indicator) and a Shipping is £II --Hi's cmitiTOiit.il \
automatically use superscripts, subscripts, a Imrry, IJS*S Hlno <» Air IVircci I'r
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automatic underlining, bold-face (shadow jit) is $25. Canada. Alaska, Ml'mvi
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indicators include Power and Alarm.
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To load a sheet of paper, simply place Ait™ ti.djlcharinBrorrtuir.t«. Noi.'O.U,1
well as foreign character printwheeis.
it in the feed skit and pull the paper bail (nelil m US Joil.nv "iilv.
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inch top margin and the carriage l (800) 962-5800 USA ^ f
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Technical Information & Customer
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Dealer Inquiries invited
BIB APROTEK All latrti nwnal
ToxtnuAj iiuMii »)inw (I.
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QUESTRON7 A role-playing game so spell-binding, it suspends reality and conjures up

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QEMSTOriE WARRIOR? A lightning-fast action strategy game that will leave you breathless
with excitement as It takes you through the labyrinths of the netherworld on a noble quest.
Open them up and step through the gateway to your fantasies come true.
At your local computer/software or game store today.
QUESTRON" Is available on 48K diskette for APPLE*II GEMSTONE WARRiOFC is available on 48K diskette
with Applesoft ROM, Apple II+, lie. and He ($49.95). for APFLE'I! with Applesoft. ROM. Apple 1I+. lie.
On 40K diskette for ATARI" home computers ($49,951. an<i lie (154.95).
On 64K diskette foi COMMODORE 6*" 1*39.951. Also on G4K diskette for COMMODORE 64- 1 $34.931.
STRATEGIC SIMULATIONS, INC. Aiuights tc^™*.

If there are no convenient stores near you, VISA 6; M/C holders To otder by mall, send your check to: STRATr.OJC SIMULATIONS me,
can order direct by calling 800-227-1617, ext. 335 (toll free). !n 883 Stierlin Road. Bldg, A-200, Mountain View. CA 94043. (California
California. 800-772-3545, e*t. 335. Please specify computer format residents, add 7% sales lax.) AH our games caiiy a "14-day satisfaction
and add $2.00 for shipping and handling. or your money bach" guarantee
WRITE TOR A TREE COLOR CATALOG OF ALL OUR GAMES.

AfPLt. ATARI and COMMODORE 64 are tiaritniiirks of Apple Computer, Inc.. Atari, Inc. and Commixlorc Ctecminlea. Lui. itspcctlwly.

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■■■ N,,,,'' I

Sander On Printers August/ September 1985

to match the versatility, expandability

COMMODORE 128 E PERSONAL COMPUTER

Introduced in 1979, the CMS Accounting System was the first

Now Available for the Commodore C-128

For more information see your

CMS Software Systems, Inc. • 2204 Camp David ■ Mesquite, TX 75149

Circle Reader Service No. 31

NEWS FROM THE FRONT 14

Kennedy Approach reviewed By Jack Kammer 22 THE MAKING OF CHIPWITS 68

KIDS' CORNER ADAPSO BRIEF 7»

Force 1 By Gary Fields 92 ADVENTURE HOW-TO's

20 GOSUB 1000:END AiJC(YS) >9C THEN 103ti

from ELECTRONIC ARTS'

Circle Reader Service No. 11

characters from the screen and the spider race.

amount of the bet you will make If Bob D'Ambrosio

ate spider If the spider has not them to1

CompuServe puts a world of in ormution, communications, entertainment at your fingertips.

■'■' p ;TJ| [I I* Mnly -in Array Beat

NOT INPUT FILE Well, it's not

The only baseball

"...it's like being

Manage any team, past or present, in the MicroLeagues!

• Not a "pretend," joystick game! MicroLeague is a computer

• And to complete your MicroLeague Game. . .get each sea

ERROR MESSAGE WHAT YOUR COMPUTER IS REALLY

SYNTAX I cant understand a single word you're typing.

Prolecl your mreslmenl from damaging heal1 Use

TYPE MISMATCH Sorry, it won't work out between us—you're not

SI*■ p,r.« CAN'T CONTINUE I think I'm going to end it all...

UNDEFINED Would you kindly keep your disgusting obscure

VERIFY Basically, I trust you about as far as I could

BREAK Quit bothering me. I'm on my break. Computer

CAN'T RESUME I'm just not up to it My horoscope advises

www jr VMt "U«iw . . .

TYPING TUTOR + WORD INVADERS

Circle Reader Service No. 2

See your dealer...

Expansion Guide for the Commodore 64

Markers for Computer Disks

Music for the Commodore 64

Speech Synthesizer for

Danger and Mystery

Electronic Retail Store

Wizard Expansion Set

War If you prefer graphic adventures. Spi

Adventure The program is

can be customized and overhauled to counseling center. Certificate Programs. There is

comes that much better. q

Circle Reader Service No. 28

B e careful. If you really enjoy play

One Year Warranty With Second Year Extended Warranty Available

Where Speed and Quality Meet'

» SUPER HiGH SPEED ■ SLIM LINE CONSTRUCTION {LOW PROFILE)

Manufactured Exclusively BV CHINON INDUSTRIES of Japan For "THE COMTEL CROUP"

Circle Reader Service No. 33

flights. At the top of your screen,

Kennedy Kennedy Approach