INVOLUTES

INVOLUTES
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Involutes was first studied by the Dutch physicist Christian Huygens in 1693 when he was considering clocks without pendulum for use on ships at sea. He used the circle involute in his first pendulum clock in an attempt to force the pendulum to swing in the path of a cycloid.
WHAT IS INVOLUTE?
Involute is a curves traced out by a point on a straight line as the line rolls without slipping along a circle or polygon. It may also be defined as the path traced out by the end of thread when unwounded from any geometrical figure. The thread is kept tight .
INVOLUTES OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

Involute may be of any geometrical figures like circle, triangle, square, pentagon etc.
CONSTRUCTION OF INVOLUTES
INVOLUTE OF A LINE I. Given line AB, use line AB as a radius and B as a center to draw a semicircle AC. II. Now use AC as a radius and A as a center to draw another semicircle CD. III. With BD as a radius and B as a center, draw semicircle DE. IV. Continue to repeat this pattern until the drawing is complete. Darken all outlines.
INVOLUTE OF A TRIANGLE I. Given triangle ABC, extend the sides of the triangle to any convenient length as shown in figure. II. Using CA as a radius and C as a center, strike arc AD terminating at the intersection of the extension BD. III. With BD as a radius and B as a center, strike arc DE. IV. With AE as a radius and A as a center, strike arc EF to complete the one revolution.
INVOLUTE OF A SQUARE I. Given square ABCD, extend all sides to any convenient length as shown in the figure.
II. With CA as a radius and C as a center,
draw arc AE. III. With DE as a radius and D as a center, draw arc EF. IV. With BF as a radius and B as a center draw arc FG. V. With AG as a radius and A as a center draw arc GH to complete the one revolution.
INVOLUTE OF A PENTAGON
I. Given pentagon ABCDE extend all sides to any convenient length as shown in the figure. II. With BA as a radius and B as a centre draw arc AF. III. With CF as a radius and C as a centre draw arc FG.
IV. With DG as a radius and D as a centre draw arc GH. V. Similarly take EH as a radius and E as a centre draw arc HI. VI. Continue to repeat this pattern until the drawing is complete.
INVOLUTE OF A CIRCLE I. Draw a given circle (Base circle) and divide it into equal number of parts say, 12 equal divisions as shown figure. Generally only first part is required so the given diagram shows the method of construction of involute using the length of circumference. II. Draw the tangents at each point 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12. III. From point 1 draw a straight line 12Z equal to the length of circumference. IV. Divide the line 12Z into twelve equal parts. V. From point 1 with the radius equal to one part of line 12Z draw an arc 12A terminating at the tangent from point 1 to point A. VI. Now at point 2 with the radius equal to two parts of line 12Z draw an arc AB terminating at the tangent from point A to point B. VII. Similarly repeat the above procedure from points 3, 4, 5 up to 12 with increasing the lengths along the tangents as before by one part of line 12Z.
ALTERNATIVE METHOD I. II. III. IV. Draw the given circle (Base circle), divide it into equal number of parts, say, 12 equal divisions, and draw the tangents from points 1 to 12. From point 1 and with radius equal to the chordal length from point 1 to point 12, draw an arc 12A terminating at the tangent from point 1 at point A. Similarly from point 2 with radius 2A draw an arc AB terminating at tangent from point 2 at point B. Repeat the above instructions to obtain points, C, D, E up to point L and join points 12 to L to give the required involute.
The alternative method given is an approximate method, but is reasonably accurate provided that the arc length is short; the difference in length between the arc and the chord introduces only a minimal error.
APPLICATIONS
The Involute of a circle is used in involute gear profile which is the most commonly used system for gearing today. In an involute gear, the profiles of the teeth are involutes of a circle. Also the involute of the circle is the basis for the involute system of spur gearing.
Two involute gears, the left driving the right: arrows show the contact forces between them. Involute construction. The distance along the Tangent from each point is equal to the distance Around the Circumference from point 0.

INVOLUTES

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INVOLUTES OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRICAL FIGURES

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