DS1302 Trickle-Charge Timekeeping Chip
DS1302 Trickle-Charge Timekeeping Chip
DS1302 Trickle-Charge Timekeeping Chip
LE
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
TOP VIEW VCC2 X1 X2 GND 1 8 VCC1 SCLK I/O CE
3 4
DS1302
7 6 5
VCC2 X1 X2 GND
1 DS1302 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
ORDERING INFORMATION
PART DS1302+ DS1302N+ DS1302S+ DS1302SN+ DS1302Z+ DS1302ZN+ TEMP RANGE 0C to +70C Functional Diagrams -40C to +85C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C 0C to +70C -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 8 PDIP (300 mils) 8 PDIP (300 mils) 8 SO (208 mils) 8 SO (208 mils) 8 SO (150 mils) 8 SO (150 mils) TOP MARK* DS1302 DS1302 DS1302S DS1302S DS1302Z DS1302ZN
+Denotes a lead-free/RoHS-compliant package. *An N anywhere on the top mark indicates an industrial temperature grade device. A + anywhere on the top mark indicates a lead-free device.
Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. Functional Diagrams continued at end of data sheet. UCSP is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxims website at www.maximintegrated.com.
REV: 120208
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The DS1302 trickle-charge timekeeping chip contains a real-time clock/calendar and 31 bytes of static RAM. It communicates with a microprocessor via a simple serial interface. The real-time clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with an AM/PM indicator. Interfacing the DS1302 with a microprocessor is simplified by using synchronous serial communication. Only three wires are required to communicate with the clock/RAM: CE, I/O (data line), and SCLK (serial clock). Data can be transferred to and from the clock/RAM 1 byte at a time or in a burst of up to 31 bytes. The DS1302 is designed to operate on very low power and retain data and clock information on less than 1W. The DS1302 is the successor to the DS1202. In addition to the basic timekeeping functions of the DS1202, the DS1302 has the additional features of dual power pins for primary and backup power supplies, programmable trickle charger for VCC1, and seven additional bytes of scratchpad memory.
OPERATION
Figure 1 shows the main elements of the serial timekeeper: shift register, control logic, oscillator, real-time clock, and RAM.
X2 VCC2 VCC
DS1302
VCC1
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vCC1 vCC2
GND
POWER CONTROL
DS1302
CL CL
CE
I/O
SCLK
350
300
20
250
15
200
150
10
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PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN NAME FUNCTION Primary Power-Supply Pin in Dual Supply Configuration. VCC1 is connected to a backup source to maintain the time and date in the absence of primary power. The DS1302 operates from the larger of VCC1 or VCC2. When VCC2 is greater than VCC1 + 0.2V, VCC2 powers the DS1302. When VCC2 is less than VCC1, VCC1 powers the DS1302. Connections for Standard 32.768kHz Quartz Crystal. The internal oscillator is designed for operation with a crystal having a specified load capacitance of 6pF. For more information on crystal selection and crystal layout considerations, refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations for Dallas Real-Time Clocks. The DS1302 can also be driven by an external 32.768kHz oscillator. In this configuration, the X1 pin is connected to the external oscillator signal and the X2 pin is floated. Ground Input. CE signal must be asserted high during a read or a write. This pin has an internal 40k (typ) pulldown resistor to ground. Note: Previous data sheet revisions referred to CE as RST. The functionality of the pin has not changed. Input/Push-Pull Output. The I/O pin is the bidirectional data pin for the 3-wire interface. This pin has an internal 40k (typ) pulldown resistor to ground. Input. SCLK is used to synchronize data movement on the serial interface. This pin has an internal 40k (typ) pulldown resistor to ground. Low-Power Operation in Single Supply and Battery-Operated Systems and LowPower Battery Backup. In systems using the trickle charger, the rechargeable energy source is connected to this pin. UL recognized to ensure against reverse charging current when used with a lithium battery. Go to www.maximic.com/TechSupport/QA/ntrl.htm.
VCC2
X1
3 4 5 6 7
VCC1
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OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
The DS1302 uses an external 32.768kHz crystal. The oscillator circuit does not require any external resistors or capacitors to operate. Table 1 specifies several crystal parameters for the external crystal. Figure 1 shows a functional schematic of the oscillator circuit. If using a crystal with the specified characteristics, the startup time is usually less than one second.
CLOCK ACCURACY
The accuracy of the clock is dependent upon the accuracy of the crystal and the accuracy of the match between the capacitive load of the oscillator circuit and the capacitive load for which the crystal was trimmed. Additional error will be added by crystal frequency drift caused by temperature shifts. External circuit noise coupled into the oscillator circuit may result in the clock running fast. Figure 2 shows a typical PC board layout for isolating the crystal and oscillator from noise. Refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations for Dallas Real-Time Clocks for detailed information.
*The crystal, traces, and crystal input pins should be isolated from RF generating signals. Refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations for Dallas Real-Time Clocks for additional specifications.
X1 CRYSTAL X2
NOTE: AVOID ROUTING SIGNALS IN THE CROSSHATCHED AREA (UPPER LEFTHAND QUADRANT) OF THE PACKAGE UNLESS THERE IS A GROUND PLANE BETWEEN THE SIGNAL LINE AND THE PACKAGE.
GND
COMMAND BYTE
Figure 3 shows the command byte. A command byte initiates each data transfer. The MSB (bit 7) must be a logic 1. If it is 0, writes to the DS1302 will be disabled. Bit 6 specifies clock/calendar data if logic 0 or RAM data if logic 1. Bits 1 to 5 specify the designated registers to be input or output, and the LSB (bit 0) specifies a write operation (input) if logic 0 or read operation (output) if logic 1. The command byte is always input starting with the LSB (bit 0).
5 A4
4 A3
3 A2
2 A1
1 A0
0 RD
WR
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DATA INPUT
Following the eight SCLK cycles that input a write command byte, a data byte is input on the rising edge of the next eight SCLK cycles. Additional SCLK cycles are ignored should they inadvertently occur. Data is input starting with bit 0.
DATA OUTPUT
Following the eight SCLK cycles that input a read command byte, a data byte is output on the falling edge of the next eight SCLK cycles. Note that the first data bit to be transmitted occurs on the first falling edge after the last bit of the command byte is written. Additional SCLK cycles retransmit the data bytes should they inadvertently occur so long as CE remains high. This operation permits continuous burst mode read capability. Also, the I/O pin is tristated upon each rising edge of SCLK. Data is output starting with bit 0.
BURST MODE
Burst mode can be specified for either the clock/calendar or the RAM registers by addressing location 31 decimal (address/command bits 1 through 5 = logic 1). As before, bit 6 specifies clock or RAM and bit 0 specifies read or write. There is no data storage capacity at locations 9 through 31 in the Clock/Calendar Registers or location 31 in the RAM registers. Reads or writes in burst mode start with bit 0 of address 0. When writing to the clock registers in the burst mode, the first eight registers must be written in order for the data to be transferred. However, when writing to RAM in burst mode it is not necessary to write all 31 bytes for the data to transfer. Each byte that is written to will be transferred to RAM regardless of whether all 31 bytes are written or not.
CLOCK/CALENDAR
The time and calendar information is obtained by reading the appropriate register bytes. Table 3 illustrates the RTC registers. The time and calendar are set or initialized by writing the appropriate register bytes. The contents of the time and calendar registers are in the binary-coded decimal (BCD) format. The day-of-week register increments at midnight. Values that correspond to the day of week are user-defined but must be sequential (i.e., if 1 equals Sunday, then 2 equals Monday, and so on.). Illogical time and date entries result in undefined operation. When reading or writing the time and date registers, secondary (user) buffers are used to prevent errors when the internal registers update. When reading the time and date registers, the user buffers are synchronized to the internal registers the rising edge of CE. The countdown chain is reset whenever the seconds register is written. Write transfers occur on the falling edge of CE. To avoid rollover issues, once the countdown chain is reset, the remaining time and date registers must be written within 1 second. The DS1302 can be run in either 12-hour or 24-hour mode. Bit 7 of the hours register is defined as the 12- or 24hour mode-select bit. When high, the 12-hour mode is selected. In the 12-hour mode, bit 5 is the AM/PM bit with logic high being PM. In the 24-hour mode, bit 5 is the second 10-hour bit (2023 hours). The hours data must be re-initialized whenever the 12/24 bit is changed.
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WRITE-PROTECT BIT
Bit 7 of the control register is the write-protect bit. The first seven bits (bits 0 to 6) are forced to 0 and always read 0 when read. Before any write operation to the clock or RAM, bit 7 must be 0. When high, the write-protect bit prevents a write operation to any other register. The initial power-on state is not defined. Therefore, the WP bit should be cleared before attempting to write to the device.
TRICKLE-CHARGE REGISTER
This register controls the trickle-charge characteristics of the DS1302. The simplified schematic of Figure 5 shows the basic components of the trickle charger. The trickle-charge select (TCS) bits (bits 4 to 7) control the selection of the trickle charger. To prevent accidental enabling, only a pattern of 1010 enables the trickle charger. All other patterns will disable the trickle charger. The DS1302 powers up with the trickle charger disabled. The diode select (DS) bits (bits 2 and 3) select whether one diode or two diodes are connected between VCC2 and VCC1. If DS is 01, one diode is selected or if DS is 10, two diodes are selected. If DS is 00 or 11, the trickle charger is disabled independently of TCS. The RS bits (bits 0 and 1) select the resistor that is connected between VCC2 and VCC1. The resistor and diodes are selected by the RS and DS bits as shown in Table 2.
TCS BIT 6
X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TCS BIT 5
X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
TCS BIT 4
X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
DS BIT 3
X 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
DS BIT 2
X 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
RS BIT 1
0 X X 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
RS BIT 0
0 X X 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
FUNCTION
Disabled Disabled Disabled 1 Diode, 2k 1 Diode, 4k 1 Diode, 8k 2 Diodes, 2k 2 Diodes, 4k 2 Diodes, 8k Initial power-on state
Diode and resistor selection is determined by the user according to the maximum current desired for battery or super cap charging. The maximum charging current can be calculated as illustrated in the following example. Assume that a system power supply of 5V is applied to VCC2 and a super cap is connected to VCC1. Also assume that the trickle charger has been enabled with one diode and resistor R1 between VCC2 and VCC1. The maximum current IMAX would therefore be calculated as follows: IMAX = (5.0V diode drop) / R1 (5.0V 0.7V) / 2k 2.2mA As the super cap charges, the voltage drop between VCC2 and VCC1 decreases and therefore the charge current decreases.
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RAM
The static RAM is 31 x 8 bytes addressed consecutively in the RAM address space.
REGISTER SUMMARY
A register data format summary is shown in Table 3.
CRYSTAL SELECTION
A 32.768kHz crystal can be directly connected to the DS1302 via pins 2 and 3 (X1, X2). The crystal selected for use should have a specified load capacitance (CL) of 6pF. For more information on crystal selection and crystal layout consideration, refer to Application Note 58: Crystal Considerations for Dallas Real-Time Clocks.
SCLK
I/O
R/W
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
R/C
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
SINGLE-BYTE WRITE
CE
SCLK
I/O
R/ W A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
R/ C
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
NOTE: IN BURST MODE, CE IS KEPT HIGH AND ADDITIONAL SCLK CYCLES ARE SENT UNTIL THE END OF THE BURST.
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0 RS
CLOCK BURST
BFh BEh
RAM
C1h C3h C5h . . . FDh C0h C2h C4h . . . FCh 00-FFh 00-FFh 00-FFh . .
.
00-FFh
RAM BURST
FFh FEh
R1
V CC2
2K R2 4k R3 8k
V CC1
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DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C or TA = -40C to +85C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Input Leakage I/O Leakage Logic 1 Output (IOH = -0.4mA) Logic 1 Output (IOH = -1.0mA) Logic 0 Output (IOL = 1.5mA) Logic 0 Output (IOL = 4.0mA) Active Supply Current (Oscillator Enabled) Timekeeping Current (Oscillator Enabled) Standby Current (Oscillator Disabled) Active Supply Current (Oscillator Enabled) Timekeeping Current (Oscillator Enabled) Standby Current (Oscillator Disabled) Trickle-Charge Resistors Trickle-Charge Diode Voltage Drop ILI ILO VOH VOL ICC1A ICC1T ICC1S ICC2A ICC2T ICC2S R1 R2 R3 VTD 10 of 13 VCC = 2.0V VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V VCC = 5V VCC1 = 2.0V VCC1 = 5V VCC1 = 2.0V VCC1 = 5V VCC1 = 2.0V VCC1 = 5V IND VCC2 = 2.0V VCC2 = 5V VCC2 = 2.0V VCC2 = 5V VCC2 = 2.0V VCC2 = 5V 2 4 8 0.7 SYMBOL CONDITIONS (Notes 5, 13) (Notes 5, 13) (Note 2) (Note 2) CH = 0 (Notes 4, 11) CH = 0 (Notes 3, 11,13) CH = 1 (Notes 9, 11, 13) CH = 0 (Notes 4, 12) CH = 0 (Notes 3, 12) CH = 1 (Notes 9, 12) 0.2 0.45 1 1 5 1.6 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.3 1 100 100 200 0.425 1.28 25.3 81 25 80 k V MIN TYP 85 85 MAX 500 500 UNITS A A V V mA A nA mA A A
CAPACITANCE
(TA = +25C) PARAMETER Input Capacitance I/O Capacitance SYMBOL CI CI/O MIN TYP 10 15 MAX UNITS pF pF
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA = 0C to +70C or TA = -40C to +85C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Data to CLK Setup CLK to Data Hold CLK to Data Delay CLK Low Time CLK High Time CLK Frequency CLK Rise and Fall CE to CLK Setup CLK to CE Hold CE Inactive Time CE to I/O High Impedance SCLK to I/O High Impedance
Note 1: Note 2: Note 3: Note 4: Note 5: Note 6: Note 7: Note 8: Note 9: Note 10: Note 11: Note 12: Note 13:
SYMBOL VCC = 2.0V tDC VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCDH VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCDD VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCL VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCH VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCLK VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V t R, t F VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCC VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCCH VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCWH VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCDZ VCC = 5V VCC = 2.0V tCCZ VCC = 5V
TYP
MAX
UNITS ns ns
800 200
ns ns ns
MHz ns s ns s
280 70 280 70
ns ns
Limits at -40C are guaranteed by design and are not production tested. All voltages are referenced to ground. ICC1T and ICC2T are specified with I/O open, CE and SCLK set to a logic 0. ICC1A and ICC2A are specified with the I/O pin open, CE high, SCLK = 2MHz at VCC = 5V; SCLK = 500kHz, VCC = 2.0V. CE, SCLK, and I/O all have 40k pulldown resistors to ground. Measured at VIH = 2.0V or VIL = 0.8V and 10ns maximum rise and fall time. Measured at VOH = 2.4V or VOL = 0.4V. Load capacitance = 50pF. ICC1S and ICC2S are specified with CE, I/O, and SCLK open. VCC = VCC2, when VCC2 > VCC1 + 0.2V; VCC = VCC1, when VCC1 > VCC2. VCC2 = 0V. VCC1 = 0V. Typical values are at +25C.
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tR
tF
SCLK tCDH tDC I/O READ DATA BYTE tCL tCH tCDD tCCZ tCDZ
ADDRESS/COMMAND BYTE
ADDRESS/COMMAND BYTE
CHIP INFORMATION
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 11,500
THERMAL INFORMATION
PACKAGE 8 DIP 8 SO (150 mils) THETA-JA (C/W) 110 170 THETA-JC (C/W) 40 40
PACKAGE INFORMATION
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO. 8 PDIP 8 SO (208 mils) 8 SO (150 mils) 21-0043 21-0262 21-0041
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REVISION HISTORY
REVISION DATE DESCRIPTION Removed the leaded parts and references to the 16-pin SO package. In the Features section, changed the 31 x 8 RAM feature to indicate that it is battery backed. Updated Figure 1 and removed original Figure 2 (oscillator circuit). Added a new Table 2 for the trickle charger resistor and diode select. Replaced the timing diagrams (Figures 6 and 7). Added Package Information table. PAGES CHANGED 1, 4, 12 1 3, 5 7 12 12
120208
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
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