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SEKOLA H SAINS

SULTAN HAJI AHMAD SHAHPE KAN

ADDIT IONAL MATH

EMATI CSPRO JECT

WORK 2013
NAME : MUHAMM

AD AMIR UL AFIF BIN SAKRICL ASS : 5 JA

SATEACH ER : SIR H AMDAN BI N ALANGI

/C NUMBER :

Index Numb

er In OurDa

ily Life

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OBJ ECT

IVE
We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work

whilewe are in Form 5. This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Educationhas prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and

complete only ONE task based on our area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of us areexpected to

submit an individually written report . Upon completion of the AdditionalMathe matics Project Work, we are to gain valuable

experiences and able to : apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve

routine and nonroutine problems experience classroom environments which are challenging,

interesting, meaningful andhence improve our thinking skills experience classroom environments

where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningfulways in solving real-life problems

experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking,reasoning and communication are highly

encouraged and expected experience classroom environments that stimulates and

enhances effective learning acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and to use

thelanguage of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely

enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving inways that increases interest and confidence

prepare for the demands of our future undertakings and in workplace

realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problemsand hence develop positive attitude

towards mathematics train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to

cooperate,and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment use technology especially the ICT

appropriately and effectively train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become

morecreative and innovative realise the importance and the beauty of mathematics

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FOR EW

ARD
First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and

health todo this project work. Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money to buy anything that are related to this

project work, computer, internet, books and also their advice. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task that I will

not procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank my teacher, Sir Hamdan bin Alang for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had

some difficulties in doing thistask, but he taught us patiently until we knew what to do. Last but not least, my friends whowere doing this project with

me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when wecombined and discussed together, we had this task done.

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CON TEN

T
CONTENTS PAGESOBJECT IVE 2 FOREWARD

3 INTRODUCTIO N 5 PART 1 6 - 13 PART 2 14 - 17 PART 3

18 - 19 FURTHER EXPLORATION 20 - 27 REFLECTION 28

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INT ROD

UCT ION

HISTORY OF INDEX NUMBER

whichcannot be measured directly. According to Bowley,

Index
numbers are used to measure thechanges in

some quantity which we cannot observe

directly.
For example, changes in business activity in a

country are not capable of direct measurement but it is possible to studyrelative changes in business activity by studying the variations in the

values of some suchfactors which affect business activity, and which are capable of direct measurement.Inde x numbers are commonly used

statistical device for measuring the combinedfluctuati ons in a group related variables. If we wish to compare the price level of consumer items

today with that prevalent ten years ago, we are not interested in comparing the prices of only one item, but in comparing some sort of average

price levels. We may wish tocompare the present agricultural production or industrial producti on with that at the time

of independence. Here again, we have to consider all items of production and each item mayhave undergone a different

fractional increase (or even a decrease). How do we obtain acomposite measure? This composite measure is provided by index

numbers which may bedefined as a device for combining the variations that have come in group of related variablesover a period of time,

with a view to obtain a figure that represents the

net
result of thechange in the constitute variables.Index

numbers may be classified in terms of the variables that they are intended tomeasure. In business, different groups of variables in the

measurement of which indexnumber techniques are commonly used are (i) price, (ii) quantity, (iii) value and (iv) businessactivity.

Thus, we have index of wholesale prices, index of consumer prices, index of industrial output, index of value of exports and index of

business activity, etc. Here we shall be mainly interested in index numbers of prices showing changes with respect to time,although methods described

can be applied to other cases. In general, the present level of prices is compared with the level of prices in the past. The present

period is called the current period and some period in the past is called the base period. Index Numbers :Index numbers are statistical

measures designed to show changes in a variable or group of related variables with respect to time, geographic location or other

characteristics such asincome, profession, etc. A collection of index numbers for different years, locations, etc., issometimes

called an index series. Simple Index Number :A simple index number is a number that measures a relative change in

a single variablewith respect to a base. Composite Index Number :A composite index number is a number that measures an

average relative changes in agroup of relative variables with respect to a base.

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PAR T1
The prices of goods sold in

shops vary from one shop to another. Shoppers tend to buy goods which are reasonably priced, giving

value for their money. You are required to carry out a survey on three different items based on the followingcatego

ries : food , detergent and stationary. The survey should be done in threedifferent shops.(a)

Collect pictures, newspapers cuttings or photos on items that you have chosen.Design

a collage to illustrate the chosen items.FOODS :

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DETERGENT :

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3) Stationary

PIE CHART

024681012141618 T u n a s M a n j a M y d i n G i a n t Pencil (1 dozen)Coloured penEraser

Food

Tunas manjaMydinGiant

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Detergent

Tunas ManjaMydinGiant

Stationary

Tunas ManjaMydinGiant

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d)

Based on the graphical representations that you have constructed in Part 1(c),interpret, discuss and

draw conclusions. Comments on your findings.

have constructed in Part 1(c), it is shownthat there are large and small differences among the prices of items in each category between the shops. The bar

charts show that products from Tunas Manja are muchcheaper than products from Mydin and Giant. From the pie charts, we can concludethat shop

which is selling the products with higher price is Giant. But we can say thatall the products are expensive in Giant because certain products

from Giant arereasonable than other shops. As a conclusion, shop which is selling their productswith lower price among the shops is Tunas Manja,

followed by Mydin, and shopwhich is selling their products with higher price among the three shops is Giant.

e) Identify an item that has large price difference among the shops. Suggest

anddiscuss possible reasons for the price difference.

RM14.50Mydin

RM15.20Giant

RM16.00Mean = 14.50 + 15.20 + 16.003=

15.23Standard deviation :
=

= 0.61283

The large price difference of coloured pen among the shops maybe because of thestandard of the shop. A high standard shop or supermarket, the

items sold intend to bemuch more expensive than a regular shop. The price difference of the items may alsodue to the quality of the item present. A better

quality means a higher prices