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    Geotechnical Engineering I CE 341

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    Deep Debnath
    This document provides an overview of the topics covered in a Geotechnical Engineering course. The course covers: - Introduction to geotechnical engineering and soil composition, types, and identification. - Properties of soils including structure, fabric, index properties, engineering classification, compaction, stresses, strength, compressibility, settlement, lateral earth pressure, and stress distribution. - Details on soil structure including single grain, honeycomb, flocculated, dispersed structures and how structure influences properties like permeability and strength. Cohesive and cohesionless soils are also defined.

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    Geotechnical Engineering I CE 341

    Uploaded by

    Deep Debnath
    16 views16 pages
    This document provides an overview of the topics covered in a Geotechnical Engineering course. The course covers: - Introduction to geotechnical engineering and soil composition, types, and identification. - Properties of soils including structure, fabric, index properties, engineering classification, compaction, stresses, strength, compressibility, settlement, lateral earth pressure, and stress distribution. - Details on soil structure including single grain, honeycomb, flocculated, dispersed structures and how structure influences properties like permeability and strength. Cohesive and cohesionless soils are also defined.

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    deep

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    Week-2-2-CE341

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    This document provides an overview of the topics covered in a Geotechnical Engineering course. The course covers: - Introduction to geotechnical engineering and soil composition, types, and identification. - Properties of soils including structure, fabric, index properties, engineering classification, compaction, stresses, strength, compressibility, settlement, lateral earth pressure, and stress distribution. - Details on soil structure including single grain, honeycomb, flocculated, dispersed structures and how structure influences properties like permeability and strength. Cohesive and cohesionless soils are also defined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views16 pages

    Geotechnical Engineering I CE 341

    Uploaded by

    Deep Debnath
    This document provides an overview of the topics covered in a Geotechnical Engineering course. The course covers: - Introduction to geotechnical engineering and soil composition, types, and identification. - Properties of soils including structure, fabric, index properties, engineering classification, compaction, stresses, strength, compressibility, settlement, lateral earth pressure, and stress distribution. - Details on soil structure including single grain, honeycomb, flocculated, dispersed structures and how structure influences properties like permeability and strength. Cohesive and cohesionless soils are also defined.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Geotechnical Engineering I CE 341

    What do we learn in this course?


    Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering (1) Formation, Soil Composition, Type and Identification of Soils (2) Soil Structure and Fabric (1) Index (1) Properties of Soil (1) Engineering Classification of Soils (2) Compaction (3) Principles of Total and Effective Stresses (1)

    What do we learn in this course?


    Permeability and Seepage (4) Stress-Strain-strength Characteristics of Soils (4) Compressibility and Settlement Behaviour of Soils (4) Lateral Earth Pressure (3) Stress Distribution (2)

    Structural composition of Soil


    Influences engineering properties of soil, such as
    Permeability Compressibility Shear strength

    Structure of the Soil


    It is the property that produces a response to external changes in the enviroment
    Change in load Changes in the environment Change in water Change in other factors Change in temperature

    Soil Structure
    Soil structure may be defined as
    the geometrical and skeletal arrangement of the particles Interparticle forces that may act on them

    Soil structure includes


    Gradation Arrangement of particles Void ratio Bonding agents Associated electrical forces
    Common Soil Structures: Single grain structure CG Honeycomb structure Flocculated structure Dispersed structure FG Packet or ped

    CG: Coarse grained; FG: Fine grained

    Cohesionless/Cohesive
    Coarse grained soil: Cohessionless Fine grained soil: cohesive

    Soil Structure: Coarse Grained Soil (1)


    Single grain structure: Primary structure of Coarse grained soil

    (a) Loose Typically formed in quiet water or may result when dense deposits are disturbed (e.g., landslides)

    (b) Dense

    Usually built in active water environment

    Stability of individual particles depends on their mode of deposition.

    Single grain Structure


    In single grain structure,
    Particles are in stable positions Each particle are in contact with surrounding particles Denseness of packing (void ratio) depends on
    Shape and size of particles relative position of the particles

    Cubic Packing, void ratio = 0.91

    Pyramidal Packing, void ratio = 0.35

    Single Grain Structure


    In real soil,
    Particle shape: not sphere Particle size: all particles are not of same size.
    Real Soil
    Smaller particles occupy the spaces between the larger ones. Irregular shape of particle

    Equal Spheres

    Remarks
    Real soil has relatively low void ratio.

    All particles are of same size and Real soil has shape increased void ratio than ideal sphere arrangement.

    Soil Structure: Coarse Grained Soil (2)


    Honeycomb structure Very open structure Very fine sand and silt may assume this configuration

    Results during deposition of these materials: Gravitational forces < interparticle attractive forces

    The term metastable is sometimes used to describe this configuration

    Because of its inherent sensitivity to even the most minor disturbance

    This configuration is often firm and strong, but unworkable during excavation, as the primary structure breaks down.

    Honey-comb Structure
    Found in fine sand and silt deposits In honey-comb structure,
    Large void ratio Negative relative density
    Type of load Static load (ordinary) Heavy load or shock loading Performance of honeycomb structure Soil structure can carry the load. Soil structure breaks down, large settlement results.

    Soil structure of cohesive soil


    Dispersed Structure
    Formed by the settling of individual particles Particle orientation: more or less parallel to each other

    Soil structure of cohesive soil


    Flocculent Structure Initially dispersed clay particles in water come to close to each other during random motion in suspension Then particles might tend to aggregate into visible flocs with edge-to-edge contact Particles are held together by electrostatic attraction (+vely charged edge to vely charged edge) This condition is called flocculation. Flocs become large, then they settle under force of gravity

    Structure of cohesive soil


    Clays with flocculent structure
    Lightweight Possess high void ratio If formed in the sea, highly flocculent

    If sediment formed in freshwater, soil has an intermediate structure between dispersed and flocculent.

    Index and Consistency of Soil

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