Symbols and Tables

q = Displacement : cm3 Motor:

n = Revolutions : min-1 q×n
p = Pressure : bar Oil consumption Q=
∆p = Pressure drop : bar [l/min] 1000 × ηv
Q = Oil capacity : l/min = dm3/min q × ∆p × ηm
v = Speed : m/s Output torque M = [Nm]
L = Length : m 62,8
D = Piston diameter : mm Q × ∆p × ηt
d = Piston rod diameter : mm Output power N = [kW]
D = Bore of pipe : mm 600
i
Dh = Hydraulic diameter : mm Q × ηv × 1000
A = Area : cm2 Speed n = [min-1]
a = Ring area : cm2 q
t = Time : s. Cylinder:
m = Volume : kg
F = Force : daN Compressive force F = p × A × ηm [daN]
M = Torque : Nm
P = Power : kW Tensile force F = p × a × ηm [daN]
As = Break load : daN
E = Elasticity module : kp/cm2 Q × ηv
I = Free column length : m Speed out v = [m/s]
S = Safety factor 6×A
v = Kinematic viscosity : mm2/s
ηv = Volumetric efficiency Q × ηv
ηm = Mechanical efficiency Speed in v = [kW]
ηt = Total efficiency 6×a
λ = Resistance figure A×v×6
Vac = Accumulator size Oil consumption out Q = [l/min]
2v
Vx = Required oil capacity available in accumulator a×v×6
P1 = Lowest oil pressure Oil consumption in Q = [l/min]
2v
P2 = Highest oil pressure
P0 = Pre-charge Compressive force
with differential F = P × (A- a) × ηm [daN]
cut-in
Ratio factors:
Power 1 kw = 1,36Hp Tube:
1Hp = 75 kpm/s Q × 100
= 0,736 kw Flow speed v = [m/s]
Torque 1 kpm = 9,81 Nm 6 × D2 × 0,785
= 7,233 lbf ft
1 Nm = 0,102 kpm Pressure loads in λ × L × 0,89 × v2 × 5
Pressure 1 kp/cm2 = 98.000 Pa straight pipe leads ∆p = [bar]
= 0,981 bar Di
= 9,81 N/cm2
= 14,22 psi 64 0,316
1 psi = 0,06895 bar Resistance number: λ = λ turb. =
= 0,0703 kp/cm2 Re 4√ Re
1 bar = 1,0194 kp/cm2
Volume 1 US, gallon = 3,785 liter v × Dh × 1000
1 Eng. gallon = 4,546 liter Reynolds number Re =
1 in3 = 16,38 cm3 v
1 liter = 1,0 dm3 Accumulator size:
Area 1 in2 = 645,2 mm2
1 foot2 = 92900 mm2 P1
Vx ×
Speed 1 km/h = 0,2778 m/s P0
1 foot/s = 0,3048 m/s With slow charging and slow discharging Vac =
1 mile/h = 0,447 m/s P1
1-
Acceleration 1 foot/s2 = 0,3048 m/s2 P2
Length 1 in = 25,4 mm
1 foot = 0,3048 m
1 yd = 0,9144 m P1
Pump: Vx ×
P0
Q×p With quick charging and quick discharging Vac =
Power consumption Nan = [kW] 1
600 × ηt P1 1,5
1-
P2
q × n × ηv
Supplied oil capacity Q = [l/min]
1000
P2
Vx ×
With slow charging and quick discharging Vac = P0
q×p 1
Input torque M = [Nm]
62,8 × ηm P2 1,5
P1 -1

HZ.00.A2.02 35
 ISO/CETOP Symbols

Work line Reservoir, open

Pilot line

Reservoir, pressurized
Drain line

Electric line
Enclosure for several
components in one unit
Flexible line

Line connections
Manometer, Thermometer

Corssing lines
Flow meter

Venting
Pressure source

Pressure connection
w. plug Electromotor

With line connection Combustion engine

Coupling
Quick koupling
w. check valve

1 Flow direction

Constant Variable

Accumulator
2 Flow directions

Displacement pump
Filter

1 Flow direction

Cooler Constant Variable

2 Flow directions

Heater
Displacement motor

36 HZ.00.A2.02
 ISO/CETOP Symbols

Constant Variable
Differential cylinder

Cylinder with cushion

Combined pump-motors

Check valve, not spring loaded

Spring loaded

Pilot controlled check valve

Hydrostatic transmission

Pilot controlled opening

Pilot controlled closing

Shaft, lever, rod, piston

Spring

Example

Throttling, depending on viscosity

Restriction, not viscosity influenced

Simplified

Flow direction

Restrictor, fixed
Direction of rotation

Restrictor, variable
Variable setting

Cylinders Restrictor, not viscosity influenced

Single acting Throttle-check valve

3-way by-pass flow regulator

Double acting

Flow divider

HZ.00.A2.02 37
 ISO/CETOP Symbols

Directional valves
with transient intermittend pos.
Basic symbol:

Two - way
mechanical feed back

Three - way

Two - way Hand operated

Without fixed position Lever

2 - extreme position

2 - extreme position Roller

and between (OSP)

2/2 - valve Hydraulic operated

3/2 - valve Pneumatic operated

4/3 - valve
Direkt pressure

Examples Solenoid

Motor operated

Solenoid, hydraulik-operated

PVEO

PVEM

PVEH

Solenoid

Pneumatic,
Mechanical hydraulic-operated

Roller
Mekanical lock

Direct
pressure
Spring return

Pressure
rise

38 HZ.00.A2.02
 ISO/CETOP Symbols

A.B. Work lines

Normally closed
P. Pump connection (pressure)

Normally open R.S.T. Return /Tank

X.Y .Z. Pilot line

Pressure limiting valve, fixed setting L, Drain line

Pressure limiting valve, variable

Pilot operated, external drain line

Internal drain

Pressure reduction line

Pilot controlled opening valve

Pilot controlled closing valve

Pressure switch

HZ.00.A2.02 39