Person-Directed Dementia Care Assessment Tool

Person-Directed Dementia Care
Assessment Tool
A Guide for Creating Quality of Life and Successfully Refocusing Behavior
For People with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia
In Long Term Care Settings
STATE OF WISCONSIN
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY SERVICES
Division of Disability and Elder Services
PDE-84 (12/2006)
Developed By
The Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services
Bureau of Aging and Disability Resources
In Collaboration with the Bureau of Quality Assurance
Person-Directed Dementia Care Behavior Solutions Study Advisory Committee
Person-Directed Dementia Care Assessment Tool
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION II COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP

Definitions III Communication 22
How to use this Tool V Leadership 22
ENVIRONMENT TEAM STRUCTURE AND ROLES

Sound Level 1 Interdisciplinary Team 23
Ambiance 2 Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) 24
Space Configuration 2 Nursing 25
Lighting, Colors/Patterns 3 Social Work 26
Visual Cues 4 Activities Professional 27
Personalization of Space 5 Director of Nursing 28
Special Care Environment (SCE) Coordinator 29
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Administrator 30
Language used and Perceptions Created 6 Dietary 31
CARE PLANS Housekeeping/Laundry 31
Establishment of Care Plans 7 Maintenance 32
Assessment Information for Care Plans 8
Content of Care Plans 11 STAFF KNOWLEDGE AND TRAINING
Use of Care Plans 12 Attitudes 33
Training Resources and Frequency 34
ACTIVITIES Best/Promising Practice Knowledge and Topics
Activities Practice 13 For Education 35
Activities Implementation 14
Types of Activities 16 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Activity Engagement Process 17 Quality Improvement Process for SCE 36
Person-Directed Care Practices 37
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESSES FOR Special Care Environment 38
WORKING WITH BEHAVIORAL COMMUNICATION Person with Dementia’s Involvement in Decision Making
Process for Understanding Behavioral Communication 18 and Choices 39
Documenting Behavior When Concerns Arise 19
Medication Use for Behavior Symptoms 20 APPENDIX
Resources A1-8
I
Introduction
This tool was designed to be used as a guide for identifying the There are case examples and templates of each document in the
elements involved in implementing Person-Directed Dementia Appendix.
Care, also referred to as the “new culture of dementia care,”
The Person-Directed Dementia Care Assessment Tool was
“Person Centered Care,” and “culture change.” Research has
developed by an advisory committee of experts, including care
shown that certain core social and emotional needs tend to be
providers, regulators, and advocacy groups. It was initially
neglected for people with dementia when they are in long-term
developed for a study to determine what technical assistance
care settings. The “new” approach is to plan for each person
and training nursing home special care environments would
with dementia individually; to have the best possible outcome
need to manage difficult behavior. The results of the study
by meeting their needs.
were to be used to decrease the incidents of difficult behaviors
in dementia residents; decrease the need for, and use of,
There are nine major sections of this tool that examine specific
medications to address behavior symptoms; and improve
areas of focus vital in providing person-directed care to
quality of life. The purpose of the study was to determine
individuals with dementia. The tool has been designed to
whether person-directed approaches could be successfully used
identify existing strengths of, and areas for improvement in,
with people who have dementia.
dementia care settings. This tool emphasizes “culture change”
elements, because so many current systems of practice focus Results of the study are very encouraging. The Person-Directed
heavily on the details of physical care. The goal is to provide as Dementia Care Assessment Tool, resources used to develop
much detailed planning to meet an individual’s social and and refine the tool, templates and examples for the Working
emotional needs as is done for physical care under the medical Document and Action Plans, and materials developed for
model. training and technical assistance (including two web-casts,
please see page IV for links) that were used in the study are
This tool is not meant to be a licensing document or a available on the Wisconsin Department of Health and Family
prescriptive standard. It is also not meant to be scored. The Services web site as promising practice resources for dementia
Person-Directed Dementia Care Assessment Tool has been care providers.
developed as a guide to establish an initial baseline to be used
to identify key strengths and potential areas for improvement in This study was funded by Civil Money Penalty funds from the
a dementia care environment. This information is then put into Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
a Working Document which provides feedback to the Additional training materials used in the study were developed
dementia care team. The team then uses the feedback to through an Alzheimer’s Disease Demonstration Grant to States
develop an Action Plan. The tool can then be used to re-assess (ADDGS) that was awarded to Wisconsin.
and measure progress, and identify new areas of focus over
time.
II
Definitions
function and abilities, behavior, and independence while
Person-Directed Care (PDC): ensuring resident safety.
• Returns decision making and choices to the person;
• Enhances the primary caregiver’s capacity to engage Special Care Environment Team (SCT) – The SCT consists
with the person and respond to needs; and of staff from all disciplines that work in or support the special
• Establishes a home environment (non-institutional). care environment. The team has regular meetings to problem-
solve, plan, brainstorm new ideas, and evaluate the dementia
Person Centered Dementia Care (PCC): patient’s quality of life, strategies, and approaches being used
• Is care centered on the whole person rather than the and team effectiveness.
disease of the brain;
Interdisciplinary Team (I-Team) – The I-Team consists of
• Is care that is centered on the abilities, emotions and
Individuals from each major discipline (nursing, therapies,
cognitive capacities of the person…not on the losses;
activities, social work, dietary, etc.) who are responsible for
and
conducting ongoing assessments of people who have dementia.
• Is care that gives equal credence to the psychosocial
They provide input into care planning. The team has regular
context of the individual (vs. physical/medical care).
meetings to review how each aspect of the person’s care and
function impacts/interacts on the person’s quality of life.
Ability Centered Care/Programming (ACC) – ACC is also
called activity focused care. It recognizes the person’s abilities
Special Care Environment Coordinator (SCEC) – This is
and competencies in care planning. Tasks are adapted and
the person who functions as the team lead for resources,
modified to provide for the person’s involvement at the
communication, and follow-through on the SCE plan for
maximum level of the person’s ability. Ability Centered Care
people with dementia. The SCE requires a lead person with the
recognizes that activities include every event, encounter, and
responsibility to oversee or coordinate the PDC activities and
exchange a person has with a staff member, volunteer, relative,
work with implementing and evaluating new processes and
or other individual. Activities are redefined as traditional (work
changes for the successful implementing of Person-Directed
related, recreational) and non-traditional bathing, eating,
Care. This person can be from any discipline. Although there is
walking). Both independent and structured events are used.
meant to be shared leadership on the SCE Team, the SCE
Coordinator is responsible for facilitating the overall plan and
Special Care Environment (SCE) – The residential or non-
making sure that the team works together successfully.
residential setting is the environment (cultural, social, and
physical) where the person with dementia participates and/or
resides. It supports the individual’s maximum cognitive
III
Definitions (Cont’d)
Minimum Data Set (MDS) – This is federal data that is AIMS, DISCUS and MOSES Assessment Tools – (Please
required to be collected and submitted about an individual and see Appendix for examples or information.) These are standard
his or her function and health status upon admission, quarterly, assessments used to monitor side effects people may develop
and with change in function. from taking various medications, particularly anti-psychotics.
If certain side effects occur, it is usually an indicator that the
Targeted Behavior – The behavioral expressions of need medication should be changed or discontinued.
(usually of ill-being) that people with dementia display, that
need to be monitored and addressed until they are minimized or Quality of Life Committee – This committee can serve
stopped. Usually the behavior has a negative effect on self or different functions in different environments. Basically, it is an
others, is being addressed through medications, and is being interdisciplinary team that reviews issues relevant to the quality
monitored to find strategies that can result in the reduction or of life of residents and staff. This could involve monitoring
stopping of medications. behavior, the physical plant, activities, schedules, food, etc.,
depending on the special care environment.
Quality Improvement Plan (QIP) – This is the plan that is
developed by the teams to monitor and measure the outcomes Links to Department of Health and Family Services Web-
or effects of implementing changes. The plan has stated desired Casts:
outcomes and timeframes, and data is collected on results so http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/Genage/ALZFCGSP.HTM
that the team can see if the plan is effective in improving the
things they are targeting. The QI Plan is reviewed regularly Introduction to Person-Directed Dementia Care Part 1
with the team and staff, and results are shared and ideas http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/Genage/ALZFCGSP.HTM
solicited for additional plan input.
Person –Directed Dementia Care, Care Planning Part 2
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) – The routine tasks that a http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/Genage/ALZFCGSP.HTM
person must perform, or have help with, to stay functional.
Tasks include eating, bathing, dressing, maintaining their
belongings, etc.
IV
How to Use This Tool
Each of the nine major sections of this tool contains sub- 1 = Item is not present or is a problem area.
categories with specific items to assess. Each item is stated in 2 = Item is present but could be improved upon at some point.
the form of a promising/recommended practice for Person- 3 = Item is present in a satisfactory way and could be used as a
Directed Dementia Care. (Example – page 2 of the Tool) strength.
4 = Item is a significant strength that can be used to help
ENVIRONMENT implement other promising practices.
Ambiance:
Goal: Atmosphere is engaging and pleasant to people with There are two columns to the right of the numbers; one titled
dementia, staff, family and visitors. “Strengths,” the other titled “Improvement Areas.” Here the
- Energy and engagement levels are paced throughout the evaluator can indicate the exact situation witnessed, comment
day. made, or example for the working document. It is not necessary
- Television use limited to people with dementia’s to write something about all items. Because special care
preferences/desires. environments are unique and changing, not all specific items
- Warm interactions taking place. will pertain to each environment, so some items could be “not
- Pleasant odors. applicable” (N/A). The feedback collected during the
- “Homey” atmosphere (not institutional). assessment reflects a snapshot in time.
- Comfortable lounge/wingback/glider rocker chairs,
afghans, lamps, artwork, etc., present. Above the information sections is space for the observer’s
- Ability to get natural light from outdoors. name, the date and time period of observation, and the name of
the environment observed. The tool can be divided into
Beside each item there is a numbered scale that is meant to individual sections and assigned to one or more people.
be circled only. (It is NOT meant to be added to other items Obtaining multiple perspectives during different shifts is ideal.
and scored.) The most important information will come from people who do
not work in the environment. This could be an observer from a
1 2 3 4 partnering facility, different department, or location. Be sure
that followup observations are done by all or some of the same
The scale is meant to indicate the presence or absence of each people that did the first observation so that individuals who
item, and whether it is a strength or a weakness that needs to be have different perceptions do not skew the recognition of
worked on. The number is an indicator of that one item, not a progress.
numerical value to be added to others.
Please see the Sample Working Document and Directions
for an example of the tool in use.
V
Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation
Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

ENVIRONMENT Weak - Strong
Sound Level
Goal: The environment has a comfortable sound
level that is enjoyed by the people with dementia
who live there.
- Systems are not creating noise such as overhead 1 2 3 4
pages, loudspeakers, staff, room and chair alarms
(e.g., no over head paging, staff carry phones/
pagers that alarms go to).
- Note: minimal use of personal alarms; alarms are 1 2 3 4
not safety devices, they are alerting devices. There
has to be supervision on hand to respond to the alert
and address the need or desire of the individual to
stand up (see guidelines for alarm use in the
Appendix).
- Music is appropriate for people with dementia who 1 2 3 4
desire it (vs. staff choice, which is not appropriate).
- Sounds, music and interactions are soothing and/or 1 2 3 4
pleasant.
- Pacing of sound from quiet to energetic throughout 1 2 3 4
the day.
- Alternatives are available for individuals who 1 2 3 4
want/need quiet or energized areas.
Key: 1 = not present or is a problem area 3 = is present in a satisfactory way and could be used as a strength
2 = is present but could be improved upon 4 = a large strength that can be used to implement promising practices
PLEASE NOTE: Numbers are NOT totaled or used to derive a score, they are meant to reflect the degree of a strength or opportunity for improvement for a single item.
1

Ambiance
Goal: Atmosphere is engaging and pleasant to people with dementia,
staff, family, and visitors.
- Energy and engagement levels are paced throughout the day. 1 2 3 4
- Television use limited to people with dementia’s preferences/desires. 1 2 3 4
- Warm interactions taking place. 1 2 3 4
- Pleasant odors. 1 2 3 4
- “Home” atmosphere (not institutional). 1 2 3 4
- Comfortable lounge/wingback/glider rocker chairs, afghans, lamps, 1 2 3 4
artwork, etc., present.
- Ability to get natural light from outdoors. 1 2 3 4
Space Configuration
Goal: Space promotes people with dementia’s choices and abilities.
- Individuals have opportunities for privacy, to be alone or quiet. 1 2 3 4
- Respect for personal space with others; not being too close or 1 2 3 4
crowding. (Ideal is to have private rooms for some or all people.)
- Room to move safely and easily, including outdoor spaces. 1 2 3 4
- Places for people to pace and burn energy. 1 2 3 4
- Furniture arrangement promotes engagement, e.g., small areas to 1 2 3 4
interact, angled chair placement.
- People with dementia are helped and encouraged to move back and 1 2 3 4
forth between comfortable chairs and wheelchairs throughout the day,
and to move from room to room for variety in activities.
- Clear safe navigation for promoting independence. 1 2 3 4
- Purposeful activity areas/discovery stations for people with dementia 1 2 3 4
to spontaneously find and do things.
- Where architecturally possible, people live in small neighborhoods 1 2 3 4
with a maximum 10 -15 people. Common rooms reflect a home
environment.
2

Lighting, Colors/Patterns
Goal: Lighting and color uses enhance people with
dementia’s abilities, while providing a pleasant
atmosphere.
- Adequate lighting for ease of vision, with minimum glare 1 2 3 4
(Note: elders with dementia need about eight times more
lighting to see well than the general population).
- Plenty of indirect lighting (not having florescent or other 1 2 3 4
bulbs visibly exposed) e.g., wall sconces aimed at ceiling
in addition to florescent ceiling lights covered with
deflectors, table/floor lamps, recessed light above
bedroom doorways and windows to add to natural light.
- Lighting is varied according to times of day, and used as a 1 2 3 4
cue, e.g., dimmed and/or less overhead lights for
relaxation, evening, and bed times; bright/all lights on for
activities.
- Contrast in light/dark color between walls, floors, chairs, 1 2 3 4
commodes, etc., for maximum depth perception.
- Avoidance of tedious/small print patterns that can cause 1 2 3 4
preoccupation; no patterns, borders or dark blocks on
flooring that could induce visual cliffs (look like holes in
the floor to people with dementia).
- Natural light and views of the outdoors. 1 2 3 4
- Lighting, colors and patterns evoke a calm, uplifting, or 1 2 3 4
comforting feeling, according to area’s use.
- Colors used in environment are drawn from research 1 2 3 4
about their effects on people with dementia (see Appendix
for resources).
- Floors are not shiny or glare producing (can be perceived 1 2 3 4
as water by people with dementia).
3

Visual Cues
Goal: Individualized cues are available to enable
people with dementia to engage in and navigate the
environment.
- Items of curiosity are visually displayed to prompt 1 2 3 4
reminiscence and/or self-initiated activity.
- Pictures, words, colors, etc., are used to identify 1 2 3 4
restrooms, individual’s own rooms, activity areas,
etc.
- Clothing and other personal items are laid out during 1 2 3 4
personal care for staff to promote and prompt
individuals to use and retain independent skills.
- Pictures/words are used on drawers and cupboards 1 2 3 4
to cue where items are kept.
- Cues that prompt undesirable behavior are removed 1 2 3 4
(e.g., coats near doors).
- Cues are used as prompts or camouflage—“stop/do 1 2 3 4
not enter,” or personalized signs, door murals, etc.—
to limit safety issues (e.g., wandering, and to
promote independence).
- Cues displayed to celebrate individual’s independent 1 2 3 4
function, promote self esteem (e.g., individual’s
artwork, awards).
- Non-skid strips applied to floor path as cues and to 1 2 3 4
minimize falls in specific areas for people at risk
(e.g., between bed and bathroom).
- Non-skid surfaces used on bathroom floors and in 1 2 3 4
tubs and showers should provide light/dark contrast
to enhance depth perception.
4

Personalization of Individual Space
Goal: People with dementia’s rooms and the common
environment are personalized.
- Individual’s room is personalized with her/his own familiar 1 2 3 4
items. It duplicates the home they lived in, personal
preferences, favorite items, furniture, and layout as much
as possible. This space is duplicated whenever a person is
moved.
- People have authorized, personal information displayed so 1 2 3 4
staff can use it as cues to interact well and get to know
individuals (e.g. shadow boxes, written information).
- Calendars, journals, and correspondence with loved ones 1 2 3 4
are used to record family members past and future visits,
and allow for reminiscence with staff and others.
- Individuals’ rooms are safe for rummaging. Important 1 2 3 4
items are secured in a safe place to prevent rummaging by
others, in accordance with family or resident preferences.
Individuals can have personal possessions to use in
common areas (e.g., favorite chair labeled with person’s
name to identify it for the person and others).
- Signs to identify individuals’ rooms are simple with only 1 2 3 4
the person’s name (no decorations) printed in size 18 or
larger font, upper and lower case letters, and black lettering
on white background for clear easy reading by person with
dementia (see Appendix for reference).
- Roommates shall be assigned/changed according to the 1 2 3 4
health, behavior, and compatibility of each, so that no
individual’s physical or mental health is negatively
affected by the roommate.
5

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Weak - Strong
Language Used and Perceptions Created
Goal: Language used to label and describe things promotes
positive and strength-based images (aims the brain for
success.) (Ask yourself “What is being conveyed by the
language? This is a KEY aspect of Person-Directed Care)
- Staff behavior and language reflects respect and dignity for 1 2 3 4
the personhood of all individuals. People with dementia are
talked to and involved in conversations about them.
Individuals are never talked about in front of them.
- The language used “aims the brain for success” 1 2 3 4
subconsciously by creating a positive vision of what is
wanted (e.g., “Please close the door softly” vs. “Don’t slam
the door”). Staff communicates using positive language with
each others and with people who have dementia.
- Negative, generalized labels for people with dementia have 1 2 3 4
been totally eliminated from the vocabulary of staff, signage,
and all documentation, including care plans. Examples
include “feeder,” “wanderer,” “toileter,” “screamer,” “total
assist person,” “agitated,” “difficult,” “behavioral,”
“unmanageable,” “redirect.”
- Positive, and more specifically, descriptive language is used 1 2 3 4
to refer to people with dementia, e.g., “Person who needs
help eating,” “energetic and exploratory,” “needs help in the
bathroom.” Instead of labeling person with dementia as
“agitated,” describe the situation and what was done, e.g.,
“Person is talking loudly about his wife and pacing in his
room - so I asked him to tell me about his wife.”
6

LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Weak - Strong
Language Used and Perceptions Created (Cont’d)
- Staff are trained and able to see the positive side of an 1 2 3 4
individual’s behavioral communication,(e.g., “person is full
of energy in the afternoon” - not “sundowner” label. How
can we develop activities for people to express and expend
their energy and have fun at this time?
- Titles for staff, teams, initiatives, etc., are positive and 1 2 3 4
embody the ideas of expected, positive outcomes (e.g.,
“trauma team” vs. “transition team,” “behavioral
management team” vs. “quality of life” team).
CARE PLANS
Establishment of Care Plans
Goal: Care plans are developed by the interdisciplinary
team, which includes the person with dementia, family/legal
representative and the staff who work directly with the
person.
- All people with dementia new to the SCE (or being moved or 1 2 3 4
assigned new staff) receive a comprehensive pre-admission
assessment in the environment where they are currently
living from at least one of the SCE team members (e.g.,
director of nursing, social worker). The CNA assigned to
work with the individual shadows and interviews the
person’s current care worker to learn individual
preferences/needs for routines, care, etc.
- Care plans are updated routinely, daily if needed, based on 1 2 3 4
input from the SCE team; particularly by members who work
closest with the person. All updates are shared across shifts
daily.
7

Assessment Information for Care Plans
Goal: Ongoing comprehensive assessments are completed, which
address all issues related to the well-being of the person with
dementia, and findings are included in the care plan.
- There is a comprehensive life story, documented for each 1 2 3 4
individual, which provides an ongoing source of information about
the person’s life, experiences, values, preferences, emotional
triggers, strategies for successful interaction, etc. Staff who work
with the person should be familiar with this history and add to it,
as more is learned. This is used and incorporated into the care plan
in as many ways as possible (this is the foundation of person-
directed care).
- Pain should be considered the fourth vital sign in all 1 2 3 4
people with dementia. On a routine basis, individuals are
thoroughly assessed for chronic or acute pain using a dementia
specific pain screening tool and protocol; especially when there is
a change in the person’s demeanor. Example below is from
“Assessment of Discomfort in Dementia (ADD) Protocol,” C.
Kovach, PhD, RN.
• First, information is obtained from physician, family, and 1 2 3 4
person with dementia about the person’s history of past
injuries and conditions that could potentially cause current
pain, and how they have been remedied/given relief in the past.
• Next a comprehensive physical evaluation is done, noting how
the person moves and navigates, ranges of motion, skin 1 2 3 4
conditions, complaints, and any body language clues
(grimacing, rubbing, holding, talking about a body part,
limping, etc.)
8

CARE PLANS Weak - Strong
Assessment Information for Care Plans (continued):
• Comfort care measures should be taken (i.e., repositioning, 1 2 3 4
warm compresses or baths, massage, activities that loosen or
stretch stiff areas).
• Trial of a physician-approved pain reliever (e.g., 1 2 3 4
acetaminophen) should be used as part of the assessment to
see if it influences person’s condition/behavior. If so, a pain
maintenance schedule needs to be put in place.
- Upon admission, individuals are screened to verify the type of 1 2 3 4
dementia present and to discover any potentially treatable causes
of cognitive decline.
- Upon admission, or whenever there is any cognitive change in a 1 2 3 4
person, potentially treatable causes of cognitive decline are
reviewed and assessed, including the following:
• Hearing/vision loss or not using aids/glasses
• Thyroid function
• Depression
• Medication side effects/interactions or toxicity
• Vitamin/nutrient deficiency
• Fluctuating blood sugar
• Diabetes
• Dehydration
• Constipation
• Bladder infection or other illness
- Any physician orders for screening are requested when contacting 1 2 3 4
the physician to prevent unnecessary medication
changes/additions, or results of screening are shared.
9

Assessment Information for Care Plans (continued):
- The person’s social and emotional needs are assessed and 1 2 3 4
planned for as carefully as their physical care:
• The need to be useful (See Appendix for reference)
• To still care (for others/self)
• To give and receive love
• To have self-esteem boosted
• To experience joy and laughter
- Staff are aware of individuals’ trauma histories so that they can 1 2 3 4
be sensitive to care issues that could trigger behavior, and so
they can initiate effective calming approaches.
- People with dementia receive a functional assessment of 1 2 3 4
strengths and abilities; including fine and gross motor skills as
they relate to feeding, dressing, self-care, ambulation,
positioning related to using or eliminating a chair alarm, etc.,
and leisure activities. This allows opportunities for
improvement and self-sufficiency to be incorporated into the
care plan to avoid excess disability and increase well-being.
- Individuals with dementia (with help from family as needed), 1 2 3 4
identify a list of favorite things that can be used by staff in
personalizing activities, etc.
- There is a process in place for developing care plans utilizing 1 2 3 4
the specific knowledge of the direct service staff who works
with each of the individuals in the SCE.
10

Content of Care Plans
Goal: The interdisciplinary plan of care is based on
findings from assessments; and contains approaches
that meet the person with dementia’s needs,
maintain strengths, and have realistic goals that
promote quality of life
- Goals/outcomes are ability-centered, simple, and 1 2 3 4
success-oriented.
- The language of outcomes and goals is very 1 2 3 4
specific and stated positively to inform those using
the care plan of ways to assist people to achieve
maximum function, based on their current and
potential strengths and abilities (not disabilities).
This is ability-centered care.
- Care plans are written in personalized, easy-to- 1 2 3 4
understand “I” statements, written from the person
with dementia’s perspective, e.g., “I have…” (See
Outcomes Care Planning Tool.)
- Ways to meet the individual’s quality of life needs 1 2 3 4
(e.g., social/emotional) and care needs are
incorporated into the care plan (see page10).
- Goals reflect the person with dementia’s personal 1 2 3 4
choice, and the support and flexibility needed to
meet those choices, e.g., individuals have the
ability to personalize schedules according to own
routines—bathing/meals/waking and sleeping,
visitors, etc.
- MDS scores should correlate directly with the 1 2 3 4
assessments done, and the related care or activity
included in the care plan.
11

Use of Care Plans
Goal: Care plans are working documents that help
everyone know a person and are used to meet the person’s
needs or desires. They are adapted as often as person’s
needs/desires change.
- Care plans are work tools and available at all times to all 1 2 3 4
staff directly assisting the person with dementia.
- Staff look at and use their individual’s care plans daily 1 2 3 4
(Staff should be able to identify the name of the person
based on their care plan).
- The same staff, even “substitute” staff, should work with 1 2 3 4
the same people every day to preserve familiarity and build
relationships that can enhance the care plan.
- Information about an individual’s life history is constantly 1 2 3 4
added to the care plan. It is an evolving document that is
used in a person’s daily life activities.
- Suggestion: Create a binder that includes all participants 1 2 3 4
with dementia’s care plans, photos, lists of favorite things,
social history, etc., for staff to reference and add to.
- If staff members use notes, care sheets or “cheat sheets,” 1 2 3 4
they must match the current care plan every day. Try
using symbols to represent common items and allow for
more details on the care sheets. Have all three shifts
document in them, and turn them in each day to make
changes to care plans or other cares, as needed.
- Information that is gathered in ongoing assessments is 1 2 3 4
analyzed, shared with the team, and reflected in the care
plan daily.
12

ACTIVITIES Weak - Strong
Activities Practice
Goal: Everything about the person with dementia’s day
should be approached by all staff as an opportunity to
engage the person in life, and to learn from, and about,
the person, in order to use the information to meet the
individual’s preferences and needs.
Special Care Environment (SCE) Team:
- All staff on the SCE team are committed to, and able to, 1 2 3 4
enjoy conducting/participating in activities with people
who have dementia.
- All staff receives continuous training and empowerment 1 2 3 4
in conducting/participating in activities.
- SCE staff serve as role models for activity participation, 1 2 3 4
and support the “activities practice” as a priority in the
daily life of the individual’s environment.
- The SCE team values, conducts, and plans personal 1 2 3 4
engagement in activities and activity participation, as
much as they value planning and providing quality
care/tasks.
- The SCE has an activity professional, who is a team 1 2 3 4
leader, to teach and mentor all other staff in engaging
individuals in activity processes, and who also facilitates
the planning and preparation of daily activities.
- The activity professional works with other team members 1 2 3 4
to facilitate or conduct large–scale, more complex
activities such as outings, family parties, etc.
13

Activities Implementation
Goal: The activity engagements that people with
dementia experience are nurtured by a paced flow of
energy throughout the day meant to foster physical,
social, cognitive, emotional, self-care and creative
abilities.
- All individuals with dementia have regular, solicited 1 2 3 4
input into choosing or suggesting all activities.
- Individuals are given opportunities to wake up and 1 2 3 4
start the day when and how they prefer.
- Activities are varied by energy level and types of 1 2 3 4
participation that allow for:
• Burning energy being physically active, 1 2 3 4
exercising.
• Maintaining cognitive and creative abilities, and 1 2 3 4
boosting self esteem.
• Being alert and having appetite during meals. 1 2 3 4
• Relaxation and rejuvenation. 1 2 3 4
• Experiencing a sense of community participation 1 2 3 4
and belonging to a group, and caring for others.
• Feeling useful and able to contribute with 1 2 3 4
productive work.
• Experiencing and giving love and affection. 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
• Fun and spontaneity!
(See Appendix for activity pacing throughout the day and
structuring group/individual activities).
- The SCE has an activity plan that is followed, with 1 2 3 4
reasonable equivalents of activities substituted if
problems arise with the planned activity.
14

Activities Implementation (continued):
- All SCE team members are involved in the planning of 1 2 3 4
activities and contributing to conducting activities
according to their strengths.
- The environment has purposeful activity areas/discovery 1 2 3 4
stations where staff and people with dementia can access
resources to help them interact spontaneously.
- All staff have access to activity supplies. 1 2 3 4
- Individuals are invited to join in activities. People can 1 2 3 4
accept or decline as desired or tolerated, with their
choice, respect, and dignity honored.
- Individuals have the option of doing other things, if 1 2 3 4
preferred.
- Family members have access to activity supplies and are 1 2 3 4
encouraged and educated by SCE staff to participate in
special activities enjoyed by their loved one.
- Family members are welcome to participate in the 1 2 3 4
activities and life of the environment, if appropriate, and
if so desired.
(See Appendix for resource)
15

Types of Activities
Goal: Activities vary from formal to informal, group to
individual, structured to spontaneous.
- Structured “Clubs” that meet regularly, e.g., “Spark of Life 1 2 3 4
Clubs” from Dementia Care Australia, are excellent for
specific focus on social and emotional needs. (See appendix)
- Large group and small group. 1 2 3 4
- Activities of Daily Living (ADLS) allows opportunities to 1 2 3 4
reminisce, foster skills, make the routines fun, allow person to
practice self-care skills, make the bed, etc.
- One staff to one person with dementia (1:1) planned skill 1 2 3 4
building/contributing to the SCE community via productive
work, sharing, reminiscing, etc.
- Outings in the community, and people from the community 1 2 3 4
coming into the SCE. (See Appendix for information on
facilitating Artist in Residence programs).
- Creative activities that encourage expression, creativity and 1 2 3 4
involve the senses, emotions and imagination, e.g.,
aromatherapy, TimeSlips Creative Story Telling* process. (See
Appendix)
- Physical exercise to encourage improvement in 1 2 3 4
balance/mobility/range of motion and to burn up energy.
- Specialized activities that mirror an individual’s past 1 2 3 4
interest/routines, etc. For example, a woman who was an
evening stage entertainer is given her makeup at the time of
day she would normally get ready—this prevents her late
afternoon restlessness.
16

Activity Engagement Process
Goal: All Activities have a similar process of engagement
between staff and people with dementia.
- Always approach a person from the front. Greet using the 1 2 3 4
person’s name and introduce yourself and make eye contact.
Touch only if the person welcomes it.
- Invite the person to engage with you/group. 1 2 3 4
- Offer choices and allow person to make choices. 1 2 3 4
- Allow person to go at his/her own pace and to do as much as 1 2 3 4
possible for him/herself. Be lighthearted and use humor to fill
the time.
- Do with, not for, or to, the person. Join them and engage 1 2 3 4
together (e.g., “we” are doing this).
- Ask the person what he or she is thinking or feeling, instead 1 2 3 4
of “quizzing” or putting them on the spot. Quizzing
emphasizes the person’s disability, lowers self esteem.
- Paraphrase to the person what you think he/she said or 1 2 3 4
conveyed through words, body language, gestures or sounds to
check communication and validate the person’s contribution.
- Repeat to the group what the person has said so they can 1 2 3 4
respond. Ask others for input as well.
- Offer generous encouragement and compliments. 1 2 3 4
- Be flexible according to person’s mood. Validate the person’s 1 2 3 4
feelings with acknowledgement and empathy.
- Thank the person and praise/celebrate the success. 1 2 3 4
17

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESSES FOR WORKING WITH
PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA’S BEHAVIORAL Weak - Strong
COMMUNICATION
Process for Understanding Individual’s Behavior Communication
Goal: There is an established, team guided process in place to learn
about what needs the person with dementia is expressing with his or
her behavior, and ways to support the person.
- There is a way to evaluate staff interactions with the individual to 1 2 3 4
determine if the problem is actually the staff member’s
technique/beliefs, etc. (i.e., whose problem is this really?).
- Information about the person, behavior, and situation is collected and 1 2 3 4
documented through several means including:
• Subjective observation. 1 2 3 4
• Medical evaluation. 1 2 3 4
• Social history, e.g., routines, skills, interests, wishes. 1 2 3 4
• Asking family and the person with dementia about what they think 1 2 3 4
is happening.
- All team members are trained in the process, it is conducted on all 1 2 3 4
shifts, and there is time set aside for the team to analyze and share
information daily/routinely with all three shifts.
- Changes for supporting the person with dementia (sometimes also 1 2 3 4
called interventions) are monitored for effectiveness with one
approach trial at a time to measure effectiveness.
- Success is documented and shared with all team members on all 1 2 3 4
shifts, and multiple successful options are sought and shared so that
there are several ways to support individuals.
- All new people with dementia have a pre-admission assessment of 1 2 3 4
known behavior concerns done in their current environment by the
Director of Nursing and/or other SCE staff before moving in.
18

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESSES FOR WORKING WITH THE
PERSON WITH DEMENTIA’S BEHAVIORAL Weak - Strong
COMMUNICATION
Procedure for Documenting Behavior when Concerns Arise
Goal: There is a procedure followed to ensure appropriate
documentation is done to provide the team with critical information
to make decisions.
Behavioral documentation (See appendix for suggested video,
resources.)
1. Target the behavior to monitor. 1 2 3 4
2. Have different people use the same format to record observations of 1 2 3 4
the person at different times of day and different shifts over a period
of at least 2-3 days. Things that should be documented are conditions
in the environment, people present, sequences of activities/events
taking place, time of day, etc.; and what is present before, during, and
after behavior occurs—noting what makes it better or worse (external
factors to the person).
3. Combine the observations with assessment data. Include examination 1 2 3 4
of the five basic social/emotional needs (page 10), current
medications, health issues, person’s own feedback, and other internal
factors of the person that could be influencing behavior.
4. Have staff write down (or question) their perception of “problem
behavior.” Who is it a problem for, when, etc. (Evaluate input to 1 2 3 4
determine need for improvement, education, etc.)
5. Analyze information as a team. Formulate and write a list of multiple
solutions/ideas to try. 1 2 3 4
6. Continue to have staff observe and gather the same information, on the
same form, in the same manner as #2 above. Then meet and re- 1 2 3 4
analyze the data collected to compare results.
7. Always work towards having multiple, written approaches that have
worked and are shared with and available to all staff. 1 2 3 4
19

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESSES FOR WORKING
WITH THE PERSON WITH DEMENTIA’S Weak - Strong
BEHAVIORAL COMMUNICATION
Guidelines for using medication for behavior symptoms:
1. People with dementia receive the appropriate medication 1 2 3 4
for their diagnosis and symptoms.
2. Antipsychotic/anti-anxiety or hypnotic medications are 1 2 3 4
not used to address behavior symptoms until all other
non-medicating options have been used for a trial period.
Use of these medications is done in consultation with a
gero-psychiatrist or similar dementia expert. (See
Appendix for list of dementia diagnostic clinics.)
3. People with dementia receive the lowest possible dose of 1 2 3 4
the most conservative drugs for the shortest duration
possible to maintain well being; only after all non-
pharmacological approaches have been exhausted.
Facilities determine this in consultation with both a
pharmacy and dementia expert physician, through staff
who is trained in how to effectively use the
physician/pharmacy as a resource. Antidepressants are
more conservative and can be far more effective for
certain conditions than drugs such as Haldol.
4. People with dementia have been assessed for a trial of 1 2 3 4
appropriate Alzheimer’s/dementia medication (e.g.,
Cholinesterase inhibitors such as Aricept and others, or
Mematine). These medications are continued as long as
appropriate, based on current research.
20

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESSES FOR WORKING
WITH THE PERSON WITH DEMENTIA’S Weak - Strong
BEHAVIORAL COMMUNICATION
Guidelines for medication use for behavior symptoms
(continued):
5. When people with dementia are receiving 1 2 3 4
antipsychotic/antianxiety or hypnotic medications,
regulations are followed for use.
- An Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), 1 2 3 4
Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User
Scale (DISCUS), or Multi-dimensional Observation
Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) assessment has
been done as prescribed. (See Appendix.)
- Reduction of antipsychotic medications in the past 1 2 3 4
six months.
- Reduction of anti-anxiety medications in the past four 1 2 3 4
months.
6. Targeted behavior symptoms being managed are 1 2 3 4
addressed on a daily basis, or more frequently, as needed.
Basic social and emotional needs are considered for all
approaches (page 10). Successful strategies are
documented and shared with all staff. (See
recommended sample form that allows for specific
description of behavior—not labels—and specific
descriptive documentation of success, in Appendix.)
21

COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP Weak - Strong
Communication:
- There are specific processes in place to encourage and ensure 1 2 3 4
effective communication, which are reviewed regularly for
effectiveness.
- Information is shared with, and solicited from, staff on all shifts 1 2 3 4
routinely every day.
- Staff perception of those on other shifts is positive. 1 2 3 4
- Problems arising between shifts/staff are worked through in a timely 1 2 3 4
way with team/Special Care Environment (SCE) Coordinator and
solutions supported by the team. 1 2 3 4
- Any staff member working with a person who has dementia must
build rapport with the individual over a period of time until the
person with dementia is comfortable, before performing personal
care, toileting, and bathing. A staff member should be teamed with the
primary caregiver to aid development of rapport with individual.
Leadership:
- Leaders at all levels of the organization are knowledgeable, involved 1 2 3 4
in, and supportive of, the changes needed to implement person-
directed care.
- The special care environment staff has confidence and trust in their 1 2 3 4
leaders.
- Leadership is shared, not subject to position/title; anyone can have 1 2 3 4
leadership in areas at which they excel, and mentor others, as needed.
- Leaders model and mentor PDC principles, spend time regularly 1 2 3 4
engaging with people who have dementia and encourage staff with
compliments and recognition for things done right. (Also see roles of
team members.)
22

TEAM STRUCTURE AND ROLES Weak - Strong
Goal: The Special Care Environment (SCE) staff operates as
an interdependent interdisciplinary team with flexible roles
that allow for person-directed care (PDC) practices.
Team Structure:
- The SCE has a clear reporting structure that allows staff to 1 2 3 4
access information and support, as/when needed.
- The SCE team consists of all disciplines and each member 1 2 3 4
provides input to the SCE team (e.g., nursing, activities,
social work, SCE coordinator, dietary, housekeeping,
laundry, maintenance, therapy, DON and administrator,
owner/CEO).
- All team members have knowledge about dementia and how 1 2 3 4
to communicate and work with all individuals who have
dementia in the SCE, regardless of primary caregiving duties.
- The SCE team and others working on the SCE (e.g., 1 2 3 4
volunteers) have knowledge of person-directed care
principles (PDC), and the ability to interpret them and carry
them out in daily interaction with people who have dementia.
- The SCE staff all work as a team. 1 2 3 4
- The SCE staff members have a team identity. 1 2 3 4
- The SCE has a unique name that gives it its own identity. 1 2 3 4
- Team members treat family members as a resource, drawing
information and expertise from family members regarding 1 2 3 4
their loved ones on the SCE.
- Team members encourage and include family member
participation in the life of the SCE. 1 2 3 4
23

Goal: The Special Care Environment (SCE) staff operate as
an interdependent interdisciplinary team with flexible roles
that allow for person-directed care (PDC) practices.
Certified Nursing Assistant’s Role (CNA):
- Engages in and leads activities with people who have 1 2 3 4
dementia.
- Delegates to and/or educates others. 1 2 3 4
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities. 1 2 3 4
- Provides input in administrative/team issues/decisions. 1 2 3 4
- Accesses and uses care plans daily, and submits changes 1 2 3 4
promptly to SCE coordinator, nurse, medical technician,
activities professional, etc.
- Identifies individuals based on their care plan. 1 2 3 4
- Perceives their role as a vital part of the SCE team. 1 2 3 4
- Able to prioritize PDC interactions over tasks that are not 1 2 3 4
vital to care (has minimal housekeeping duties so can spend
time with PDC).
- Feel empowered to do their jobs. 1 2 3 4
24

Nursing Role (and Medical Technicians):
- Provides team leadership and role modeling. 1 2 3 4
- Possesses skill in, and conducts, assessments. 1 2 3 4
- Uses training and mentoring in supervisory skills. 1 2 3 4
- Knowledgeable in, and practices, ways to empower Certified 1 2 3 4
Nursing Assistants (CNAs), and in ways to promote
teambuilding.
- Knowledgeable about medications and processes for deciding 1 2 3 4
if non-medication interventions are needed, or have been
exhausted, before administering PRN medication for behavior
symptoms.
- Proficient at documentation that is specific, and avoids 1 2 3 4
negative labels.
- Engages in activities with people who have dementia. 1 2 3 4
- Delegates to and/or educates others. 1 2 3 4
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities. 1 2 3 4
- Accesses, uses and updates care plans daily (as needed). 1 2 3 4
vital to care.
25

Social Work Role:
- Provides support to the family in coping with loved one’s 1 2 3 4
changes. Encourages families to have positive involvement
and to receive education on dementia.
- Works as a liaison between families and the SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Effectively uses families as a team resource. 1 2 3 4
- Serves as leader for quality of life and rights issues. 1 2 3 4
- Serves as the person with dementia’s advocate. 1 2 3 4
- Delegates to, and/or educates others. 1 2 3 4
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities 1 2 3 4
planning.
- Works with SCE team to develop people’s social histories. 1 2 3 4
- Accesses and uses care plans daily. 1 2 3 4
vital to care.
26

Activities Professional Role:
- Conducts activities while modeling and encouraging activity 1 2 3 4
participation to develop staff skills and comfort in engaging in
activities with people who have dementia.
- Plans, models and teaches Ability Centered Care (ACC) 1 2 3 4
programming to all staff.
- Delegates to, role-models, and educates others on leading 1 2 3 4
activities for individuals with dementia.
- Facilitates/organizes specialized activities. 1 2 3 4
- Monitors/reorders activity supplies that remain in the SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Provides support, encouragement, resources, and education to 1 2 3 4
families on techniques for positive interactions and successful
activity-based visits with loved ones in the SCE.
- Receives ongoing education and stays up-to-date in the latest 1 2 3 4
and innovative Alzheimer’s/dementia activity therapies.
- Conducts functional assessments of individual’s abilities. 1 2 3 4
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities and 1 2 3 4
seeks routine input from people with dementia on activities
planning.
- Accesses, reviews, and updates care plans. 1 2 3 4
- Identifies individuals based on care plan. 1 2 3 4
- Able to prioritize PDC interactions over tasks that are not vital 1 2 3 4
to care.
27

Director of Nursing Role (DON)*
- The Director of Nursing and Special Care Environment 1 2 3 4
Coordinator are partners of equal standing in leadership.
- Supports, encourages and empowers staff to do jobs. 1 2 3 4
- Knowledgeable about all types of dementia, causes of 1 2 3 4
delirium, reversible dementia symptoms, and working
effectively with individual’s behavior symptoms*.
- Leads, mentors, models, and encourages the team to 1 2 3 4
implement person-directed care (PDC) concepts.
- Engages in activities, and will model activity participation 1 2 3 4
with individuals to encourage other staff to do so.
- Delegates and/or educates others. 1 2 3 4
- Provides ongoing input into care planning, activities planning, 1 2 3 4
environment, and staff/team development*.
- Provides and asks staff, families, individuals, etc., for input 1 2 3 4
on administrative/team issues/decisions.
- Accesses and uses care plans regularly. May not be 1 2 3 4
appropriate to do so daily, based on responsibilities. Does
have role in reviewing care plans for PDC practices,
appropriate medication use, etc., every week.
- Encourages and models the flexibility to prioritize PDC 1 2 3 4
interactions over tasks that are not vital to care.
* = Duties/skills/knowledge SCE Coordinator can have.
28

Special Care Environment (SCE) Coordinator Role*
- Provides leadership to SCE and team, working closely in 1 2 3 4
partnership with the DON on an equal footing in leadership.
- Manages the “big picture,” coordinating program planning and 1 2 3 4
management roles (training, policies, environment, etc.).
- Is a specialist in dementia care issues and programming*. 1 2 3 4
- Advocates for the SCE, the team, and people with dementia’s 1 2 3 4
needs, ensuring adequate staffing, budget and activities.
- Supports, encourages, mentors, and empower the staff and team 1 2 3 4
to work collaboratively, and take on special projects and roles in
which they are interested.
- Leads, mentors, models, and encourages the team to implement 1 2 3 4
person-directed care (PDC) and ability-centered care (ACC).
- Engages in activities, and models activity participation to help 1 2 3 4
staff engage comfortably in activities with individuals.
- Role–models, teaches delegation, and educates others. 1 2 3 4
- Provides leadership and guidance in care planning and activities 1 2 3 4
planning; involving the SCE team, people with dementia, and
their families in the processes*.
- Leads and solicits staff, team, family, and people with 1 2 3 4
dementia’s input on administrative/team issues/decisions.
- Knows the people with dementia’s families and encourages their 1 2 3 4
help, feedback, and positive participation in the SCE.
- Accesses, reviews, updates, and uses care plans daily. 1 2 3 4
- Encourages and models the flexibility to prioritize PDC 1 2 3 4
interactions over tasks that are not vital to care.
* = Also see Director of Nursing Role for possible duties.
29

Administrator Role:
- Communicates with CEO and/or owners regularly about the 1 2 3 4
SCE; and advocates and gains support for implementation of
PDC culture change, plans, and changes that need to be made.
- Periodically, is physically present on SCE, visible to, and 1 2 3 4
knows staff, people with dementia, and their families.
- Feeds the enthusiasm of SCE team, especially during times of 1 2 3 4
change. Recognizes and rewards creativity.
- Delegates to, and/or educates others; especially by harnessing 1 2 3 4
the energy of staff who are interested in certain ideas/roles by
putting them into that specialty/position.
- Allows the SCE team to make decisions and manage the SCE 1 2 3 4
in the best interest of the people with dementia.
- Hires good people and supports them. 1 2 3 4
- Knows the individuals who live in the SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Periodically, makes it a point to engage in activities and model 1 2 3 4
activity participation in order to be a role model to staff and to
get to know the people with dementia in the SCE better.
- Supports, empowers, encourages, and rewards staff for 1 2 3 4
implementing person-directed care practices (PDC).
- Supports the prioritizing of PDC interactions over tasks that 1 2 3 4
are not vital to care, and ensures that it is reflected in policies
and job descriptions as well as practices.
30

Dietary Role:
- Knows and advocates for individual’s dietary preferences/needs. 1 2 3 4
- Knows the life stories of the people in the SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Engages in activities, especially during times when meals are served. 1 2 3 4
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities planning, and shares 1 2 3 4
observations of people with dementia with rest of the team.
- Provides input into administrative/team issues/decisions. 1 2 3 4
- Accesses and uses care plans. 1 2 3 4
- Able to prioritize PDC interactions over tasks that are not vital to care. 1 2 3 4
Housekeeping/Laundry Role:
- Communicates with families and individuals about personal belongings. 1 2 3 4
- Included in SCE team shift reporting. 1 2 3 4
- Engages people who have dementia in activities, especially when in their 1 2 3 4
rooms; and encourages activities of daily living, reminiscence, etc.
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities planning, and shares 1 2 3 4
observations of people with dementia with rest of the team.
- Provides input for administrative/team issues/decisions. 1 2 3 4
- Knows the life stories of the people in the SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Identifies vital care plan issues for individuals. 1 2 3 4
- Able to prioritize PDC interactions over tasks that are not vital to care. 1 2 3 4
31

Maintenance Role:
- Offer resources for activities when appropriate, e.g., help 1 2 3 4
put together toolbox activities, help plan 1:1 tasks that
people with dementia can do safely, give input to SCE
team about interests that they perceive individuals to have,
and help brainstorm special activities for people with
mechanical interests.
- Works with SCE team to make special accommodations to 1 2 3 4
the environment that enhance people with dementia’s
quality of life and supports retention of their abilities.
- Shares observations of people with dementia with rest of 1 2 3 4
the team.
- Provides ongoing input into care planning and activities 1 2 3 4
planning.
- Knows the life stories of the people who are in the SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Identifies individuals’ vital care plan issues. 1 2 3 4
vital to care.
32

STAFF KNOWLEDGE AND TRAINING Weak - Strong
Attitudes:
- Staff value the person first, knows him or her as an individual, 1 2 3 4
and sees the dementia as a disability of certain parts of the brain
rather than thinking of the person in terms of their disease and
symptoms first.
- The staff member’s focus is on the quality of their interaction 1 2 3 4
with people who have dementia, and know that this is more
important than performing “tasks” (e.g., making beds, passing
towels, etc.).
- Labels such as “feeder,” “wanderer,” “screamer,” etc., are never 1 2 3 4
used to describe individuals out of respect for who they are as
a person. Staff believes this is so important that they remind
each other when someone slips and uses negative labeling.
- Staff members are aware of, and believe in, the strengths and 1 2 3 4
potential of the person with dementia; and are always seeking
ways to use strengths to enhance the individual’s quality of life.
- The attitudes that staff have towards behavior symptoms that the 1 2 3 4
people in their care are displaying reflect respect, the knowledge
that all behavior is communication, and they seek to learn what
the person is saying through the behavior.
- Staff members seek to understand the unmet social and 1 2 3 4
emotional needs, as well as physical needs, of people with
dementia when working with behavior symptoms.
- When staff members recognize a situation that is not in keeping 1 2 3 4
with PDC, they take action and do something about it.
- Personal conversations among staff are allowed only on off- 1 2 3 4
floor time, never in front of people with dementia.
33

Attitudes (continued):
- Staff beliefs about dementia reflect current and accurate 1 2 3 4
knowledge in the field, the multiple causes for dementia
symptoms, and the multiple types of dementia. (See Appendix
on types of dementia.) 1 2 3 4
- All staff members, regardless of their position, feel they are an
important part of the SCE team, are important to the people in
their care, and feel good about their work. 1 2 3 4
- People who work in the SCE feel that they would like to live
there if they had dementia. (True test of PDC.)
Training Resources and Frequency: 1 2 3 4
- All staff members have regular, paid opportunities to acquire
training, especially on dementia issues, which is sufficient to
provide them with the confidence to do their jobs well. 1 2 3 4
- Mentoring is valued in the culture. There are leadership/senior
staff members who mentor others as a routine practice. 1 2 3 4
- Staff can identify who their mentors are, and benefit from the
mentoring process. 1 2 3 4
- All staff have input into training topics and opportunities in
which they are interested. 1 2 3 4
- The CEO supports supervisors making training decisions, and
there is an adequate training budget for needs of SCE. 1 2 3 4
- Potential constraints that would prevent staff from being trained
are planned and budgeted for, so that staff can truly benefit from
thorough training, i.e., not just a few minutes between shift
changes. 1 2 3 4
- Internal—Books, guides, videos, mentors, and staff/team
meetings are all available and used to develop staff, and to get 1 2 3 4
CEU credits.
- External—Staff are paid to attend workshops, conferences (e.g.,
Alzheimer’s Association Dementia Specialist Training).
34

Best/Promising Practice Knowledge and Topics for Education
Goal: Staff are supported in order to develop confidence and
expertise in dementia care and other skills/knowledge needed
to perform their jobs with confidence and enjoyment.
- Knowledge and understanding of person-directed care and of 1 2 3 4
ability-centered care programming and implementation.
- Special dementia focused training, e.g., “Best Friends 1 2 3 4
Approach,” “TimeSlips Creative Story Telling Process,”
“Alzheimer’s Association,” “Dementia Specialist.”
- Have a strong understanding of Alzheimer’s disease. 1 2 3 4
- Related types of dementia—strong understanding of different 1 2 3 4
types of dementia people in the SCE may have.
- Knowledge of each person’s dementia and how their 1 2 3 4
symptoms, changes in perception, etc., are experienced.
- Shared observation and problem solving process used for 1 2 3 4
understanding behavior symptoms (pages 18 – 21).
- Potentially problematic ways of interacting with persons who 1 2 3 4
have dementia vs. positive, successful approaches.
- Skills for communicating with people who have dementia, 1 2 3 4
especially familiar with non-verbal signals.
- Clinical Standards of Practice (ADLs, bathing, etc.) 1 2 3 4
- Pain management, specifically for people who have dementia. 1 2 3 4
- Nutritional issues for people with dementia. 1 2 3 4
- Activities planning, engagement, groups and pacing of energy 1 2 3 4
levels, and involvement throughout the day.
- Medications and medication management. 1 2 3 4
- Management of concurrent medical conditions. 1 2 3 4
- Recognizing and preventing reversible causes of dementia 1 2 3 4
symptoms (e.g., dehydration, urinary tract infections).
- Team building, communication, and delegation skills. 1 2 3 4
35

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Weak – Strong
Goal: Policies and procedures support person-directed
care (PDC) practices for people with dementia and staff,
and use quality improvement processes to guide change in
the SCE.
Quality Improvement (QI) Process for the SCE:
- Information being measured is meaningful to PDC 1 2 3 4
practices, and the team values the collection of the data;
because they are tracking the results together and making
decisions/changes based on the results.
- Outcomes are measured, meaning the results of what 1 2 3 4
happens to people in the SCE because of certain practices.
(Customer satisfaction, tracking numbers of hours,
monetary expenditures, etc., are not considered outcomes.)
- Poor measures are seen as baselines from which to 1 2 3 4
improve, and opportunities to learn and try new things (not
a punitive measure that negatively impacts the team).
- All staff working in the SCE know about the QI process— 1 2 3 4
how the results are measured, the role they have in results,
goals for future, and ways the goals are being pursued.
- Information about the SCE’s QI process is routinely shared 1 2 3 4
with staff, and the results are used to make decisions and
implement new goals by the SCE team.
- The SCE has a “Quality of Life Committee” that monitors 1 2 3 4
the environment for QOL issues.
36

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Weak – Strong
Person-Directed Care Practices:
- Job descriptions and policies reflect person-directed care (PDC) 1 2 3 4
values; such as ability to participate in activities, and
reinforcement for PDC instead of focusing on getting all busy
work done like “making beds.”
- Staff members at all levels have the autonomy to make decisions 1 2 3 4
within a framework of clearly communicated guidelines.
- Staff are valued, and treated with respect. 1 2 3 4
- Leaders value and reinforce person-directed care practices in 1 2 3 4
staff behavior and nurture PDC practices through rewards and
disciplinary actions.
- The same staff works with the same people every day to 1 2 3 4
preserve familiarity and build relationships that can enhance the
care plan. Even “substitute” staff have people they regularly care
for, and people with dementia know the staff.
- Because of the team approach and work sharing, all staff know 1 2 3 4
all of the people with dementia and can respond to anyone’s
needs promptly, when asked, or if the primary caregiver is
busy.
- Whenever there is a change in staff assignments, the new staff 1 2 3 4
member shadows and interviews the primary caregiver to learn
about the person with dementia’s preferences and to build
rapport with that person.
- Any staff working with a person who has dementia must build 1 2 3 4
rapport with the individual for a period of time until the person
with dementia is comfortable, before performing personal care,
toileting, and bathing.
- PDC solutions and ideas are regularly discussed by the team 1 2 3 4
through the use of Learning Circles (see Appendix). Solutions
are advocated for by the team leaders when changes need to be
made.
37

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Weak - Strong
Person-Directed Care Practices (continued):
- Feedback shared with staff about person-directed care practices is 1 2 3 4
highly positive. Negative staff comments about changes should be
analyzed, and alternatives discussed.
- Everyone is regularly asked for feedback on how PDC practices are 1 2 3 4
working, including people with dementia, family, and SCE team
members.
Special Care Environment:
- The special care environment (SCE) has its own budget, which is 1 2 3 4
adequate for providing for needs of people with dementia, activities,
staff, and training.
- Staffing is realistic and adequate to address social, emotional, and 1 2 3 4
physical needs of people with dementia, as well as their quality of
life.
- There is a designated SCE coordinator providing leadership. 1 2 3 4
- There is a designated lead person (each shift/weekends) who 1 2 3 4
interfaces with supervisor (on call) and physicians, who has the skills
and knowledge to use the physician as a resource when issues arise
(avoids use of inappropriate medication orders – see medication
section).
- Staff training is available to promote confidence and expertise. 1 2 3 4
- Practice tips are posted as reminders. 1 2 3 4
- There are clear, written criteria for SCE admission, discharge, and 1 2 3 4
exclusion. The criteria assure that the people who are in the
environment are appropriate for the programming and their peers.
People with high medical needs or hospice services are able to be
transferred. People with early stage dementia are excluded and stay
with the general population in order to avoid duress.
- The special care environment (SCE) has its own Quality 1 2 3 4
Improvement (QI) plan. The staff know it and participate.
38

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Weak - Strong
Special Care Environment (continued):
- The criteria for admission/discharge are realistic for persons 1 2 3 4
with dementia, and there are provisions included that specify
how problems are addressed proactively to promote discharge.
- SCE policies and procedures are reviewed with families and 1 2 3 4
individuals before admission and as needed thereafter, including
admission and discharge policies. Families/individuals are given
copies of these policies.
Person with dementia’s involvement in decision making, and
choices:
- The SCE (or larger organization) has a resident council with 1 2 3 4
people from the SCE represented.
- People with dementia and their representatives regularly provide 1 2 3 4
input into their care plan.
- People with dementia are given opportunities and options to 1 2 3 4
make day to day decisions/choices (e.g., food, clothing, rising
and bed times).
- People’s preferences are honored and respected (e.g., 1 2 3 4
likes/dislikes, schedule, participation preferences).
- Specifically: Policies and procedures allow for bathing, meals, 1 2 3 4
etc. and take account of personal preferences/choices and
flexibility (e.g., sleep in and have a light breakfast in the
environment, bathe/shower at time of day desired or beneficial
for health issues, and as often as desired not on the set schedule).
- People living in the SCE, are allowed to have family present as 1 2 3 4
often as desired and are given support and privacy.
39
PERSON-DIRECTED DEMENTIA CARE ASSESSMENT TOOL APPENDIX
Resource Location
INTRODUCTION
Webcast on introduction to Introduction to Person-Directed Care Part 1: Webcast and power point.
Person-directed care. Plan http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/genage/alzfcgsp.htm
Templates and Sample of each Assessment Tool Use Sample
in use. Working Document Sample and Template
Action Plan Sample and Template
Attachments.
AIMS, DISCUS and MOSES Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale—http://www.atlantapsychiatry.com/forms/AIMS.pdf
Assessment Tools Dyskinesia Identification System Condensed User Scale
http://www.dmr.state.ct.us/publications/centralofc/hcs_ma2000-2.htm
Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3598087&dopt=Abstract
ENVIRONMENT
Guidelines for Alarm Use Attachment.
“Personal Alarms: Safety Device or Hazard?”
By Julie Button, Ombudsman, Wisconsin Board on Aging and Long Term Care
Designing Environments for People with Dementia
IDEAS: Innovative Designs http://www.ideasconsultinginc.com/articles.asp
in Environments for an Includes uses of color, building design, how to design bathing rooms, effects of environment on people
Aging Society—Articles with dementia.
Creating Successful Health Professions Press—Three video and four book set
Dementia Care Settings http://www.healthpropress.com/store/calkins-2718/index.htm
By IDEAS
The Center for Health Design http://www.healthdesign.org/resources/pubs/articles/essays/alzheimers_design.php
Resources—Articles and other
resources
Color your World and Theirs The Spark of Life newsletter, May 2004. Dementia Care Australia
Article on effects of color on http://www.dementiacareaustralia.com/docs/Newsletter_May_2004.pdf
people with dementia. Or: http://www.dementiacareaustralia.com/newsletter.html
The Complete Guide to By Mark Warner, Ageless Design
Alzheimer’s Proofing Your http://www.agelessdesign.com/ or
Home http://alzstore.com/Shop/Category.php?CategoryID=6
Person-Directed Dementia Care Assessment Tool A1

Resource Location
Research on Signage (Information is referenced in tool)
Guidelines By Jane Verity, Dementia Care Australia from “Rekindling the Spark of Life, Joyful Activities for
people with Dementia”
CARE PLAN ASSESSMENTS
The Assessment of By Christine Kovach, PhD, RN. University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee, pain assessment tool now part
Discomfort in Dementia of new manual—The Serial Trial Intervention Training Manual
(ADD) Protocol Available at the Center on Age and Community—
http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ageandcommunity/Resources/products.html
National Alzheimer’s The Alzheimer's Association Dementia Care Practice Recommendations for Assisted Living
Association Guidelines for Residences and Nursing Homes—Was developed from the latest evidence in dementia care research
Dementia Care Practice and the experience of professional direct care experts.
http://www.alz.org/qualitycare/dementia_care_pract.asp
The basic needs of people with (Information is referenced in tool)
dementia not commonly met in By Jane Verity, Dementia Care Australia from “Rekindling the Spark of Life, Joyful Activities for
long-term care settings. People with Dementia”: http://www.dementiacareaustralia.com/tapes.html
And Tom Kitwood “Dementia Reconsidered” University of Bradford, England
http://www.dementiacareaustralia.com/shop.html
Twenty Questions Favorite Attachment.
Things Developed by Luther Manor Adult Day Services, Beth Meyer Arnold Director
http://www.luthermanor.org/adultday.asp
Applying Person-Directed Webcast (Part 2), Power Point and Handout “Applying Person-Directed Care to Dementia Care
Care to the Care Planning Planning” document on process with before and after sample care plans. Attachment.
Process Developed as part of the study by Cathy Kehoe, Alzheimer’s Service Developer
Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services.
http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/genage/alzfcgsp.htm
Indicators of Well-Being and From the Well-Being Profile developed by Errollyn Bruse and the Bradford Dementia Group,
Ill-Being in People with University of Bradford Bradfordshire, England.
Dementia To purchase contact: Dawn Brooker, D.J.Brooker@Bradford.ac.uk
Description: http://www.brad.ac.uk/health/dementia/dcm/courses/coursecontent.php

Resource Location
Assessing Strengths in People The Functional Assessment Tool for Activity Professionals
with Dementia for Activities Functional Assessment Tool Kit
Programming Creative Solutions to Dementia Programming Part 1 VHS or DVD format, 2 hrs of continuing
education NCCAP approved
Creative Solutions to Dementia Programming Part 2 VHS or DVD format, 1.5 hrs of continuing
education NCCAP approved. Contact:
Cindy Musial Olson cmolson@activitiespro-ed.com or 1-920-457-3272
CARE PLAN CONTENT
Using “I” statements for care Dementia Quality of Life Outcomes Planning Tool (on DHFS web site page)
plan outcomes http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/dementia/outcomes.htm
Narrative Care Plans (Christine Krugh, Riverview Health Center, ckrugh@riverview-retirement.org )
Presentation: www.hce.org/Education/PersonDirectedCarePlan.ppt
Ability Centered Care or The State of Illinois Administrative Code:
Activity Based Care http://www.ilga.gov/commission/jcar/admincode/077/077003000U70300R.html
(see attachment for rest of code)
Activity Based Care—Alzheimer’s Association
www.alz.org or http://www.alz.org/services/activitybasedcare.asp
ACTIVITIES
Activity Pacing Throughout Attachment.
the Day Description of activity rhythm across the day, developed during the study as a resource for suggested
practice.
Developing plans, programs Alzheimer’s Disease—Activity Focused Care, 2nd Edition, by Carly Hellen
and activities for families who http://www.alzheimersbooks.com/072a%20ActivityFocused.html
visit
ACTIVITIES: Promising / Best Practice
Clubs to engage residents in “Rekindling the Spark of Life, Joyful Activities for People with Dementia” Structured Club Models
meaningful interactions and to meet resident’s social and emotional needs for well-being. Presentation can be purchased in a 3 part
meet core needs video training set. By Jane Verity, Dementia Care Australia
http://www.dementiacareaustralia.com/articles.html#joyful
Creativity and dementia Time Slips Creative Story Telling Process Training/Video, By Anne Basting
“Creativity and Dementia” a Guide By Anne Basting, Director, University of WI-Milwaukee Center
on Age and Community
http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ageandcommunity/Resources/products.html

Resource Location
In The Moment training web site – using the creative and spontaneous activities and non-verbal
communication with people who have dementia. By Karen Stobbe. http://www.in-themoment.com/
ARTCARE – developing an artist in residence program for activities.
Luther Manor Adult Day Services—http://www.luthermanor.org/ARTCARE.pdf
http://www.luthermanor.org/pcc.pdf
Relationship building with Accepting the Challenge training DVD. 1-919-832-3732 www.alznc.org
people who have dementia Teepe Snow, Program Director Eastern North Carolina Alzheimer’s Chapter
“The Best friend’s Approach to Dementia Care” (Series of 5 books and a video) By Virginia Bell
and David Troxel—http://www.healthpropress.com/store/alzheimers.htm
The Validation Training Program—Simple Techniques for Communicating with People with
"Alzheimer's- Type Dementia," Second Edition By Naomi Feil, M.S.W.
http://www.healthpropress.com/store/alzheimers.htm
PROBLEM-SOLVING BEHAVIOR COMMUNICATION
Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Greater Wisconsin Chapter—http://www.alzgw.org/
Association Chapters South Central Wisconsin Chapter—http://www.alzwisc.org/
Dementia Specialist Training Southeastern Wisconsin Chapter—http://www.alzheimers-sewi.org/
Processes for observing, Video by IDEAS showing influence of environment on behavior from the resident’s point of view.
documenting and problem Minimizing Disruptive Behaviors
solving http://www.healthpropress.com/store/calkins-2769/index.htm#minimizing
Behavior Analysis Worksheet developed for use during project.
Attachment.
“Bathing Without A Battle” Video & Package
http://www.bathingwithoutabattle.unc.edu/MainFrame_MainPage.htm
Alzheimer’s Disease – Activity Focused Care, 2nd Edition, by Carly Hellen
Extensive guide for behavior profiling, observation and analysis.
http://www.alzheimersbooks.com/072a%20ActivityFocused.html
Training Manual for Alzheimer's Caregivers (on DHFS web site) by Cathy Kehoe
http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/aging/genage/caregivers.htm
Accompanying Article Becoming an Alzheimer’s Caregiver:
Replacing Good Intentions with Powerful Skills - Attachment.
Behaviors in Dementia Best Practices for Successful Management
Edited by Mary Kaplan, M.S.W., & Stephanie Hoffman, Ph.D.
http://www.healthpropress.com/store/kaplan-2432/index.htm

Resource Location
Dealing with Physical Aggression in Caregiving
Physical and Non-Physical Interventions (2 Part Video)
Developed by Carly Hellen , OTL/R, and Peter Sternberg, L.C.S.W.
http://www.healthpropress.com/store/hellen-TN13/index.htm
Caring for People with Challenging Behaviors, Essential Skills & Successful Strategies in Long-
Term Care. By Stephen Weber Long
http://www.healthpropress.com/
MEDICATION USE (OR NOT TO USE)
Accessing a dementia Attachment.
diagnostic expert Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute Affiliated and Other Diagnostic Clinics
http://www.medsch.wisc.edu/wai/
Attachment.
Suggested form for Tracking Target Behavior – allows for specific descriptions and solutions.
(Courtesy of Hillview Health Care, LaCrosse WI
STAFF KNOWLEDGE
Non-Alzheimer’s types of Handout on Types of Front-temporal Dementias. Attachment.
dementia Association for Front-temporal Dementias http://www.ftd-picks.org/
Lewy Body Dementia Association http://www.lewybodydementia.org/
E-Medicine
http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic436.htm Frontal disorders
http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic140.htm Frontal Temporal
http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic596.htm Lewy Body Dementia
TEAM COMMUNICATION
Learning Circles Attachment Description of Learning Circle Process
Process developed by LaVerene Norton of Action Pact, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
http://www.culturechangenow.com/tnc.html

PERSON-DIRECTED CARE RESOURCES
Eden Alternative—www.edenalt.com
Pioneer Network—www.pioneernetwork.net
Wellspring—www.wellspringis.org
Action Pact – Culture Change Now—http://www.culturechangenow.com/
Wisconsin Adult Day Services Association (WADSA)—http://www.wadsa.org/code/home.php?area=1
The Almost Home Film – PBS Documentary and Culture Change Learning Site—http://www.almosthomedoc.org/
PEAK - Promoting Excellent Alternatives in Kansas nursing homes—http://www.k-state.edu/peak/

Book: Pioneering Change can be downloaded off the web site.
Shifting from a Medical Model of Dementia Care to a New Culture of Person-Directed/Centered Care
“Why Implement Person-Directed Care?” Christa Monkhouse, Attachment from lecture.
“Journal of Social Work and Long Term Care,” article by Christa Monkhouse
“Beyond the Medical Model: The Eden Alternative in Practice a Swiss Experience” p. 339
http://www.haworthpress.com/store/E-Text/View_EText.asp?a=3&fn=J181v02n03_TOCFM&i=3%2F4&s=J181&v=2
OTHER ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Artifacts of Culture Change Tool, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS), http://siq.air.org/portfolio.asp?RID=179
The Artifacts of Culture Change tool is a self-evaluation questionnaire tool for nursing homes to examine how their practices compare to
culture change innovator homes. Items include a large set of changes made to policies, resident autonomy, staffing enhancements, and to
buildings/environments. It is a self-evaluation questionnaire, not a regulatory tool.
Culture Change Staging Tool—Web-based questionnaire known as the Culture Change Staging Tool can assess nursing homes in 12
domains commonly found in culture change homes. http://www.myinnerview.com/ccstagingtool.php
Person Directed Care Toolkit - TMF Health Quality Institute Many creative ideas for implementing culture change.
http://www.tmf.org/nursinghomes/pdc/index.htm

Qualis Health is one of a group of 22 QIOs who conducted the Person-Directed Care (PDC) pilot project. Idaho and Washington were
both part of the project. The pilot ran from October 2004 to July 2005 and encompassed transformational practices and procedures in three
domains, workplace practice, care practice, and environment. http://www.qualishealth.org/qi/pdc.cfm
Colorado Person-Directed Care Project—http://www.cfmc.org/nh/nh_pdc-overview.htm
St. Louis Accord—http://www.riqualitypartners.org/st_louis_accord/index.php
Rhode Island—
http://www.stratishealth.org/clientuploads/pdfs/11_05_Continuum.pdf?PHPSESSID=193a34a882196648d72a5f631ca36c50
Indiana State Department of Health Guidelines for Special Care Units—http://www.in.gov/isdh/regsvcs/ltc/alzinfo/index.htm
National Clearing House on the Direct Care Workforce—http://www.directcareclearinghouse.org/index.jsp
Person Directed Care (PDC) Initiative—Six Georgia nursing homes worked to explore new approaches to long-term care as part of a
multi-state pilot program conducted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).The goal is to test materials that will help staff
tailor services to the people under their care. This person-directed approach focuses on learning more about the residents—their individual
histories, hobbies, preferences and routines—as well as building relationships among staff. The pilot also stresses involvement of all staff in
a nursing home and increasing their input into decision-making. http://www.gmcf.org/nursing_home/pdc.shtml
Wisconsin Coalition for Person-Directed Care—http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/rl_DSL/NHs/nh05-014.htm
CARE Wisconsin Coalition Contacts: Krista S. Moore, Ph.D., Program Director for Master of Arts in Gerontology, Mount Mary College
moorek@mtmary.edu
Nancy Tischer St. John’s on the Lake, Milwaukee -subject of “Almost Home” PBS Documentary. ntischer@saintjohnsmilw.org
Wisconsin Ombudsman Web Site resources for PDC guidelines—http://longtermcare.state.wi.us/home/
OTHER RESOURCES
End Stage and Dementia White Paper University of Wisconsin Center on Age and Community
http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ageandcommunity/documents/end_stage_dementia_and_culture_change_roundtable_white_paper_11-3-05.pdf
Virtual Dementia Tour Kit—http://www.secondwind.org/ (Click on Virtual Dementia in left hand column)
Since caregivers have never personally experienced the physical limitations of aging, dementia or life in an elder care community, becoming
sensitized by means of special training is essential to provide good care. The Virtual Dementia Tour (VDT) Kit will help sensitize staff to
the issues of residents which results in better care. This powerful training tool is the offspring of a study conducted in elder care
communities. The findings were so incredible that a kit was designed to assist in replicating a heightened level of sensitivity in your own
facility. The VDT simulates Dementia as well as some of the physical problems associated with aging.
Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome—E-Medicine

http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic552.htm
“Rise and Shine at your Leisure” A "how to" for the Five Meal a Day Plan
It is published by Riverview Health Services, Inc.,
611 East 2nd, Avenue Flandreau SD 57028
Phone: 605-997-2481, Fax 605-997-2988, E-mail: rview@mcisweb.com.
This publication is designed to help anyone implement the five-meal a day process, this works best when implemented by a committee, and
does take an investment in equipment.
Odor Control Guidelines for Special Care Units

Attachment. This information was developed as a resource during the project.
Guide for Use of Disguised Doors and Other Preventative Exiting Strategies for People with Dementia in Facilities
Attachment, developed for Wisconsin Assisted Living facilities, but ideas applicable to any environment.

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INTRODUCTION II COMMUNICATION AND LEADERSHIP

ENVIRONMENT TEAM STRUCTURE AND ROLES

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas

Name – Environment/Facility Name – Observer Time Period of Observation

Topic and Details Scale Strengths Improvement Areas