Comparison of pressure vessel codes

Why do the codes differ and How do they differ

Presented by: Ray Delaforce

03/24/11 By Ray Delaforce 3/24/2011

By Ray Delaforce

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

These are the codes we are going to compare:

ASME Section VIII, Division 1

ASME Section VIII, Division 2

PD 5500

EN 13445 Part 3

But first we look at the most fundamental requirement

What is the ALLOWABLE STRESS ?

y stress we must not exceed This is the primary

A PRIMARY stress results from internal pressure

There are SECONDARY stresses we do not discuss them

03/24/11 By Ray Delaforce 3/24/2011

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

We first look at a couple of important material properties

Let us look at the Stress-Strain diagram we get a lot of information

Collapse can occur when we reach the yield point

Let us look at the important features of our steel

Yield Point

Stre ess

All Allowable bl Stresses St about b t here h

0.2% strain

Strain

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Consider steel: UTS = 70 000 psi (482 MPa) Yield 38000 psi (262 MPa)

Let us look at the Stress-Strain diagram we get a lot of information

Collapse can occur when we reach the yield point

Let us look at the important features of our steel

There are three important features we must consider Yield Point 0.2% strain When fracture occurs Must be less than 1.0

1. There is the limit of proportionality

2. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)

3. The Ductility = Yield / UTS

There is a 4th one Creep which occurs at higher temperatures

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Allowable stress is base on these characteristics of the metal

ASME Section VIII Division 1 UTS / 3.5 or Yield / 1.5

= smaller of:

ASME Section VIII Division 2 UTS / 2.4 or Yield / 1.5

Sm = smaller of:

EN 13445 UTS / 2.4 or

Both based on PED European requirements Yield / 1.5

f = smaller of:

PD 5500 UTS / 2.35 or Yield / 1.5

f = smaller of:

We consider Carbon Steel for simplicity

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

We look at this on the Stress Strain diagram

ASME VIII, Division 1 has a larger safety margin safer

This code is still the favoured code throughout the World

Yield Point ASME VIII Division 2, EN 13445 & PD 5500 ASME VIII Division Di i i 1 Stre ess

Strain

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Let us now look at a typical calculation the cylindrical shell We shall ignore joint efficiency E (z)

Here are the basic dimensions By ASME VIII Division 1

W now do We d the th calculation l l ti for f the th cylinder: li d

P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

D = 60 ins (1 524 mm)

t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)

S(f) = 20 000 psi (174 MPa)

By ASME VIII Division 2

By EN 13445

DO Di

t ASME e EN 13445 & PD5500

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Let us now look at a typical calculation the cylindrical Elliptical Head shell We shall ignore joint efficiency E

Here are the basic dimensions By ASME VIII Division 1

W now do We d the th calculation l l ti for f the th cylinder: li d

P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

D = 60 ins (1 524 mm)

t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)

S(f) = 20 000 psi (174 MPa)

By ASME VIII Division 2

That is why the differences are so small the formulae are nearly the same !

By EN 13445
t=0 0.453 453 i in (11 (11.516 516 mm) )

By PD 5500
t=0 0.453 453 in (11 (11.516 516 mm) 8

This formula looks odd, but is actually just about the same as the others

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Let us now look at a typical calculation the cylindrical Elliptical Head shell We shall ignore joint efficiency E

Here are the basic dimensions By ASME VIII Division 1

W now do We d the th calculation l l ti for f the th cylinder: li d

Cylinder based on the equilibrium equation

t = 0.454 in (11.534 mm)

By ASME VIII Division 2

That is why the differences are so small the formulae are nearly the same !

By EN 13445
t=0 0.453 453 i in (11 (11.516 516 mm) )

By PD 5500
t=0 0.453 453 in (11 (11.516 516 mm) 9

This formula looks odd, but is actually just about the same as the others

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Let us now look at a typical calculation the Elliptical Head

Shape is based on true ellipse D/2h = 2

ASME Division 1 2 simple complicated calculation calc.

P = 300 psi (207 MPa) t = 0.451 in t = 11.447 mm

D = 60 i ins (1 524 mm) )

S(f) = 20 000 psi (138 MPa)

Head formula almost identical to the cylinder formula: Elliptical head:

Cylinder:

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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Let us now look at a typical calculation the Elliptical Head

Shape is based on true ellipse D/2h = 2

ASME Division 2 complicated calc. 1 There are many steps to do 2 Cannot calculate t directly . . . only P

P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

D = 60 i ins (1 524 mm) )

S(f) = 25 300 psi (174 MPa)

Division 2 allows higher stress

On the next slide we show the calculation per PV Elite

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite - ASME Division 2

The Elliptical head is transformed in equivalent Torispherical Head

Crown radius Knuckle radius

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite - ASME Division 2

Next we must calculate some geometry factors

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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite - ASME Division 2

Even more geometry and other factors factors and more lots of factors

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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite - ASME Division 2

Even more geometry and other factors and more lots of factors

Finally we end up with our starting pressure

PV Elite does an iterative calculation to end up with the pressure

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite - ASME Division 2

We had to start the calculate with a guess thickness t

And we ended up with our starting pressure

We have to use a computer to do this calculation ! t = 0.3219 in t = 8.1767 mm

The computed thickness is

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite - ASME Division 2

EN 13445 has a similar method slightly less complicated than ASME

The final computed thickness is: t = 0.3886 in

t = 9.8619 mm
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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

The method of computing the head by PD 5500 is very different

P = 300 psi (207 MPa)

D = 60 i ins (1 524 mm) )

f = 25 300 psi (174 MPa)

PD 5500 uses a graphical solutions like this

18

COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

Here is the Graph used to compute this head thickness

e/D

e = D x (e/D)

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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

This is the calculation using PV Elite

t = 0.3792 in

t = 9.6317 mm

Each code has its own way of computing a head and other parts

But, where do codes borrow procedures from other codes ?

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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes Flange analysis

Codes Copy codes some examples

ASME Division 1

ASME Division 2

EN 13445-3

PD 5500

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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes Access openings in skirt

Codes Copy codes some examples

AD Merblatter (AD 2000)

EN 13445-3
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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes Pressure Area method

Codes Copy codes some examples

PD 5500

ASME Division 1

ASME Division 2

EN 13445-3

E h of Each f the th codes d has h modified difi d the th method th d same principle i i l
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COMPARISON of the various pressure vessel codes

We have looked at various codes of construction

We have learned some important issues

1. ASME VIII Division 1 requires thicker metal high safety factor

2 Th 2. The other th codes d we discussed di d use thinner thi metal, t l but b t the allowable stresses are nearer the yield point less safety

3 S 3. Some procedure d in i the th codes d have h been b borrowed b d from other codes

4. ASME VIII Division 2 and EN 13445 are based on the PED (European Pressure Equipment Directive)

It is hoped you got some value out of this webinar