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Synopsis - Process Scheduling in Android

The document discusses process scheduling in Android. It provides an overview of Android and process scheduling. For Android, it describes that it uses the Linux kernel and Completely Fair Scheduler. Processes in Android are categorized based on the activity's importance to the user.

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ishanatmuzaffarpur7893
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992 views

Synopsis - Process Scheduling in Android

The document discusses process scheduling in Android. It provides an overview of Android and process scheduling. For Android, it describes that it uses the Linux kernel and Completely Fair Scheduler. Processes in Android are categorized based on the activity's importance to the user.

Uploaded by

ishanatmuzaffarpur7893
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synopsis

Process Scheduling in Android

SubmittedBy.. Ishan(11110699) RK1107B40

What is Android ?
LiketheWebOS,Androidisanoperatingsystembaseduponthepreexistinglinuxoperating system,optimizedformobiledevices.Itisdesignedprimarilyfortouchscreenmobiledevices suchasSmartphones.InitiallydevelopedbyAndroidInc,itwaslaterboughtbyGooglein2005. Andsincethenitisbeingbackedanddevelopedbythetechnologygiant. Itisanopensourceproject,whichmeansthatallthesource codeisavailablefreeofcost.Androidislicensedunderthe ApacheLicense.SinceitisundertheApachelicense,it requiresthepreservationofcopyrightnoticeandthe disclaimer.TheApacheLicenseallowstheuserofthesoftwarethefreedomtousethecode, modifyit,anddistributeit,evenforthepurposeofgeneratingroyaltieswithoutbeingconcerned ofsharingtheroyaltywiththeoriginalprojectcreators. Sinceitisanoperatingsystemdesignedformobiledevices,alotofdecisionshavetobemade whichhastofavortheconditionsofamobiledevice.

For Example :
ItdoesnthavethepowersupplylikethedesktopsorLaptopsthatmeanithastokeepthepower usageinextremecheck. Tinyscreensmeanthatfortheuserexperiencetobegreat,theinterfacehastoberevamped completely. Sincetheuserisgonnaholdthedevicesalotcloserthanthetraditionaldesktops,itmeans greaterpixeldensityandthusmoreprocessingfordisplayingsameamountofcontentwhen comparedtodesktops. Androidhasalistoffeaturesthatitsupports,someofthefeaturesthatitsupportsrightnoware Inadditiontosupportingmultimediafiles,GSM,Bluetooth,Wifi,GPRSandhavinganinternet browser.ItalsohaveanApplicationFrameworkforthedeveloperstoworkon,DalvikVirtual Machine(JavaByteCodeinterpreter,optimizedformobile)Webkitengine,SQLite,OpenGLES.

What is Process-Scheduling ?
Schedulinginitsstrictestsenserefers tothemanagementofProcesses, Threadsandflowofthedata. Schedulingalgorithmsareusedfor allocatingresourcesamongdifferent entitieswhicharerequestingthem simultaneouslyandasynchronously. Therearedifferenttechniquesand Algorithmswhichhavebeendeveloped overtimeforthemanagement (Scheduling)overtime.

The three distinct categories of Schedulers : LongTermScheduler MidTermScheduler ShortTermScheduler SomeAlgorithmswhichgarneredmoreattractionthanothersintheraceofpopularityand performanceare:

First in First out AlsoknownasFirstComeFirstServe.Itisthesimplestschedulingalgorithm.FirstInFirstOut (FIFO)simplyprocessestherequestsastheyarrive.Noneoftheotheralgorithmsarethis simple.FIFOdoesntcomesinthegroupoftheeffectiveschedulingalgorithmsforgeneral purposecases,wheretheuseralmostalwaysismultitasking.

Shortest Job First AlsoknownasSJF,thistechniquewecomparewhichistheshortestjobavailableatthetimeto bedone.Wethenexecutethatspecificjobstallinganyotherlongerjobwhichmayhavebeen requestedlongago.Thisalgorithmmayeffectivelyblockanylargeprocessiftherearemany smallerprocessrequestsspurringcontinuously.

Shortest Remaining Time SimilartoShortestJobFirst,thisstrategyrequirestheschedulertoarrangerequestsintheorder wheretheleastestimatedprocessingtimeremainingistobeexecutedfirst.Thisalgorithm requiresadvancedknowledgeorestimationsaboutthetimerequiredforajobtocomplete.

Fixed Priority Preemptive Scheduling Thealgorithmsassignsafixedpriorityranktoeveryjob.Itthenarrangestheprocessesinorder oftheirpriority.Lowerprioritygetsexecutedlasthoweverhigherprioritygetsexecutedearlier. Executionoflowerpriorityjobscanbeinterruptedbyhigherpriorityjobs.

Round Robin Scheduling Inthiscasetheschedulerassignsafixedamountoftime(quantumtime)ofexecutiontobe giventoeveryjob.Ifthejobgetsexecutedwithinthetimeframe,theschedulermovestothenext job,butifthejobisnotdone,ithastowaitfortheschedulertocyclethroughalltheprocesses beforecomingbacktoit.

Multilevel Queue Scheduling Thisisusedforsituationsinwhichjobsareeasilydividedintogroups.

Process Scheduling in Android :


AsitisalreadymentionedthatandroidisbasedonLinux.Thusitmeansthatitskernelisderived aftermakingchangestotheLinuxskerneltobeoptimizedformobiledevices. AndroidiscurrentlyusingLinux2.6foritslowlevelmanagementofresources.Linux2.6 happenstouseCompletelyFairScheduler.ItismadebyIngoMolnr,whowasinspiredbytheCon
KolivassworkonFairScheduling. ApplicationsinAndroidareknowasActivities.Eachactivityhasitsownlifecycle.Basedontheworkthat eachactivityisdoing,theyarecategorisedintodifferentcategoriesandpriorityissetonthebasisof importanceoftheactivitytotheuser. Wheneveranapplicationcomponentstartsandtheapplicationdoesnothaveanyothercomponentsrunning anewlinuxprocessisstartedforitwithasinglethreadofexecution(alsoknownasmainthreadortheUI thread). Thedifferentcategoriesoftheprocessesare: 1. ForegroundProcess 2. VisibleProcess 3. ServiceProcess 4. BackgroundProcess 5. EmptyProcess Androidranksaprocessatthehighestlevelitcanfindsuitableforit,basedupontheimportanceofthe componentscurrentlyactiveintheprocess.

References :
AndroidDevelopers http://developer.android.com CornellUniversityLibrary http://arxiv.org/ Stackexchange http://android.stackexchange.com Stackoverflow http://stackoverflow.com Wikipedia|English http://en.wikipedia.org Google https://www.google.co.in/ Unixmen http://www.unixmen.com GoogleDocs https://docs.google.com Scribd http://www.scribd.com TutorialsPoint http://www.tutorialspoint.com GitamUniversity http://www.gitam.edu WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute http://www.wpi.edu

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