G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

GENERAL INFORMATION INDEX

PAGE GEN-2 GEN-3 GEN-4 GEN-5 GEN-6 GEN-7 GEN-8 DATE 06/11/97 04/16/96 04/16/96 04/16/96 04/16/96 04/16/96 06/11/97 SERIES

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DESCRIPTION Reference Publications Contacts for Standards Metric Equivalent Chart (1 of 2) Metric Equivalent Chart (2 of 2) Selected Rules for Communicating in the SI Metric System Surface Roughness Conversion Tolerance Information, Component Identification, Page Formatting, Logsheet

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GEN 1

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS

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PUBLICATIONS FOR DRAFTING AND COMPONENT STANDARDS Metric Dimensioning and Tolerances ANSI Y14.5 1988 Drafting Practices ANSI Y14.5M-1982 (Reaffirmed 1988) Metric Limits and Fits ANSI B4.2 1978 Units and Metric/U.S. Customary Conversion NAAMS, Pages GEN-4, 5, 6 and 7 DIN 74 Form K SCR.: C BORE Dowels ISO-8735 1987 Preferred Numbers ISO 497 1973 R10 Series Letter and Geometric Symbol References ANSI Y10, Y32 Series Single Rod Cylinders ISO 6431, ISO 3320 1992 Cylinder Rod Envelope and Mounting Specifications VDMA 24 562 1992 Cylinder Rod Thread Specifications DIN ISO 4395 1985 Wire Die Springs ISO 10243:1991 (E)

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GEN 2

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

CONTACTS FOR STANDARDS

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Copies of referenced standards are available from the following sources:

ANSI
American National Standards Instuite 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 Phone: (212) 642-4900 FAX: (212) 302-1286

ISO
Global Engineering Documents 7730 Carondelet Avenue Suite 407 St. Louis, MO 63105 Phone: 1-800-854-7179 FAX: (314) 726-6418

DIN
DIN Kamekester. 8 D-50672 Koln, Germany Attn.: Mr Claus Schiefer Phone: 011-49-221-571-3406 FAX: 001-49-221-571-3414

VDMA
VDMA P.O. Box 710864 D-60498 Frankfurt, Germany Attn.: Mr Brodmann Phone: 011-49-69-660-3252 FAX: 001-49-69-660-3816

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GEN 3

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

METRIC EQUIVALENT CHART (1 OF 2)

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METRIC/U.S. CUSTOMARY UNIT EQUIVALENTS

Multiply: by: to get: Multiply by: to get:

LINEAR
inches feet yards miles inches microinches X 25.40 X 0.3048 X 0.9144 X 1.6093 X 2.540 X 0.0254 = millimetres (mm) = metres (m) = metres (m) = kilometres (km) = centimetres (cm) = micrometres (m) X 0.03937 X 3.281 X 1.0936 X 0.6214 X 0.3937 X 39.37 = inches = feet = yards = miles = inches = microinches

10 20 1 30

AREA
inches inches2 2 feet yards2 acres miles2
2

40

X 645.16 X 6.452 X 0.0929 X 0.8361 X 0.4047 X 2.590

= millimetres (mm ) = centimetres2 (cm2) 2 2 = metres (m ) 2 = metres (m2) 4 2 = hectares (10 m ) or (ha) 2 2 = kilometres (km )

X 0.00155 X 0.155 X 10.764 X 1.196 X 2.471 X 0.3861

= inches = inches2 2 = feet = yards2 = acres = miles2

50 60

VOLUME
inches inches3 3 inches quarts gallons feet3 3 feet fluid oz yards3 teaspoons cups
3

70

X 16387 X 16.387 X 0.01639 X 0.94635 X 3.7854 X 28.317 X 0.02832 X 29.57 X 0.7646 X 4.929 X 0.2366

= millimetres (mm ) = centimetres3 (cm3) = litres (L) = litres (L) = litres (L) = litres (L) 3 3 = metres (m ) = millilitres (mL) = metres3 (m3) = millilitres (mL) = litres (L)

X 0.000061 X 0.06102 X 61.024 X 1.0567 X 0.2642 X 0.03531 X 35.315 X 0.03381 X 1.3080 X 0.2029 X 4.227

= inches = inches3 3 = inches = quarts = gallons = feet3 3 = feet = fluid oz = yards3 = teaspoons = cups

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 millimetres inches 4

MASS
ounces (av) pounds (av) tons (2000 lb) tons (2000 lb) X 28.35 X 0.4536 X 907.18 X 0.90718 = grams (g) = kilograms (kg) = kilograms (kg) = metric tons (t) X 0.03527 X 2.2046 X 0.001102 X 1.1023

= ounces (av) = pounds (av) = tons (2000 lb) = tons (2000 lb)

FORCE
ounces-f pounds-f kilograms-f X 0.278 X 4.448 X 9.807 = newtons (N) = newtons (N) = newtons (N) X 3.597 X 0.2248 X 0.10197

= ounces-f = pounds-f = kilograms-f

TEMPERATURE
32 F -40 0 40 80 98.6 120 160 212 200 240 280 320 F

C -40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160 C

C = 0.556(F-32)

F=1.8 C+32

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GEN 4

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

METRIC EQUIVALENT CHART (2 OF 2)

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METRIC/U.S. CUSTOMARY UNIT EQUIVALENTS

0 0
Multiply: by: to get: Multiply by: to get:

10

ACCELERATION (Standard gravity = 9.807 m/s2)

feet/sec2 2 inches/sec X 0.3048 X 0.0254 =metres/sec2 (m/s2) 2 2 =metres/sec (m/s ) X 3.281 X 39.37 = feet/sec2 2 = inches/sec

20 1 30

ENERGY OR WORK (watt-second = joule = newton-metre)

foot-pounds calories (heat) Btu (int'l) watt-hours kilowatt-hours X 1.3558 X 4.187 X 1055 X 3600 X 3.600 = joules (J) = joules (J) = joules (J) = joules (J) = megajoules (MJ) X 0.7376 X 0.2388 X 0.000948 X 0.0002778 X 0.2778 = foot-pounds = calories (int'l) = Btu (int'l) = watt-hours = kilowatt-hours

40 50 60 2

PRESSURE OR STRESS (newton/sq metre = pascal)

inches Hg(60F) pounds/sq in pounds/sq in inches H O(60F) 2 bars pounds/sq ft 2 kgf/cm X 3.377 X 6.895 X .06895 X 0.2488 X 100 X 47.88 X 98.07 = kilopascals (kPa) = kilopascals (kPa) = Bars = kilopascals (kPa) = kilopascals (kPa) = pascals (Pa) = kilopascals (kPa) X 0.2961 X 0.145 X 14.504 X 4.0193 X 0.01 X 0.02088 X 0.010197 = inches Hg = pounds/sq in = pounds/sq in = inches H O 2 = bars = pounds/sq ft 2 = kgf/cm

70 3 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 millimetres

POWER
horsepower ft-lbf/min X 0.746 X 0.0226 = kilowatts (kW) = watts (W) X 1.34 X 44.25 = horsepower = ft-lbf/min

inches 4

TORQUE
pound-inches pound-feet kgf-cm kgf-m X 0.11298 X 1.3558 X 0.09807 X 9.807 = newton-metres (Nm) = newton-metres (Nm) = newton-metres (Nm) = newton-metres (Nm) X 8.851 X 0.7376 X 10.197 X 0.10197 = pound-inches = pound-feet = kgf-cm = kgf-m

VELOCITY
miles/hour feet/sec kilometres/hour miles/hour X 1.6093 X 0.3048 X 0.27778 X 0.4470 = kilometres/hour (km/h) = metres/sec (m/s) = metres/sec (m/s) = metres/sec (m/s) X 0.6214 X 3.281 X 3.600 X 2.237

= miles/hour = feet/sec = kilometres/hour = miles/hour

COMMON METRIC PREFIXES

mega kilo hecto (M) = 1,000,000 (k) = 1,000 (h) = 100 or or or 106 3 10 102 centi milli micro (c) = 0.01 (m) = 0.001 () = 0.000,001 or or or 10-2 -3 10 10-6

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GEN 5

7 8

SELECTED RULES FOR COMMUNICATING IN THE SI METRIC SYSTEM

APPLICATION OF PREFIXES 1. Approved prefixes (instead of powers of ten) should be used to indicate orders of magnitude. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prefixes must be combined with units and not used alone Avoid using multiple prefixes. Avoid mixing prefixes within a text of drawing. Choose prefixes representing steps of 1000.

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

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Examples: CORRECT INCORRECT

12.3 km kilogram pF 10mm 1000 mm mN,N,kN 3.94 mm 25.26 ms 21 m metre kilo----Pa, J cd m (for milli) M (for mega) 10 metres=10 m km microsecond for s ohm for 10 metres=10 ms km 0.003 94 m 25,26 or 25 26 m.s or ms. 21m Metre Kilo----pa, j Cd 10mm 12.3x103 m kilo

F
100 cm

Choose prefixes giving numerical values of 0.1 through 1000.

PUNCTUATION 1. The decimal sign is the dot on the line. 2. 3. Periods should not be used after symbols for SI units except at the end of a sentence. Separate symbols from numerical values by a space

SPELLING AND CAPITALIZATION 1. Names of SI units and prefixes are not capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence. (Exceptions: See items 2 and 3 below.) 2. Symbols for SI units derived from proper names have the first letter capitalized; symbols for other units are lower case (Except L for litre). Symbols for prefixes are not capitalized except for T, G and M. Symbols for units and prefixes are always written in singular form. Place the symbol for a prefix immediately before the unit which it modifies. Avoid hand-drawn Greek letters ( , , etc.); Spell out words where possible.

3. 4. 5. 6.

OTHER USAGE CONVENTIONS 1. Express metric figures with one digit on either side of the decimal point. a. For whole numbers, where a decimal is used it should be followed by a zero. b. When the value is less than unity, the decimal should be preceded by a zero. 2. Numbers having four or more digits should be placed in groups of three separated by a space; do not use commas (some countries use a comma for the decimal point). For four digits, the space is optional. Avoid mixing customary units and SI units. When expressing compound units in symbolic form, use nothing between the units or a raised dot to indicate the product. Do not use an "x". 25.0 kg or 25 kg 0.25 kg 11 532 25. kg .25 kg 11,532

1532 kg/m3 mkg/mkg

1,532 kg/ft3 m x kg

3. 4.

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GEN 6

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

SURFACE ROUGHNESS CONVERSION

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Absolute surface roughness is indefinite; therefore surface roughness, whether measured by the method of arithmetic average or by root mean squared average (RMS), will be considered equivalent.

n 2500 2000 1600 1000 640

n 63 50 40 25 16 12.5 10 6.3 4.0 3.1 2.5 n n 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.63 0.4
MICROMETER

1 micrometer (m) ~ = 40 microinches ( in.) 1 microinch = 0.000 001 in 1 micrometer = 0.001mm

500 400 250 160 125 100 n 63 40 32 25 16 12 10

MICROINCH

0.3 0.25 0.2 0.16 0.10 0.063 n

8 6.3 4 2.5 n

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GEN 7

TOLERANCE INFORMATION, COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION, PAGE FORMATTING, LOGSHEET

G L O B A L S TA N D A R D C O M P O N E N T S

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COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION
Each part to be marked with the manufacturers identification and NAAMS code where possible.

PAGE FORMATTING
In the previous published version of these standards, odd numbered (right hand) pages were offset to the right and even numbered (left hand) pages offset to the left to allow for binding. The pages are now centered. This format allows the pages to be punched in the left margin for insertion into a ring binder. The latest revision date is indicated in the title block of each page.

LOGSHEET
The logsheet allows the user to determine the latest change to any standard by referring to the date in the last column. Individual pages are accessed by clicking onto the page number in the first column.

TOLERANCE INFORMATION
Tolerances unless otherwise noted are as follows: No decimal One decimal Two decimal Exception: Rough casting = 0.25 = 0.1 = 0.01 = 2.5

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GEN 8