LIFE Water Study

ASTRALEDCONTRACT
ENHANCINGTASKN3 ContributionofLIFEENV/INF/NATprojectstothe implementation,disseminationandfurtherdevelopmentofEU environmentalpoliciesandlegislation WaterSector

August2012(FinalVer.1)
TABLEOFCONTENTS
ExecutiveSummary..............................................................................................................................i 1.
1.1.
Introduction................................................................................................................................1
LimitationstotheStudy................................................................................................................................3
2.
RecentDevelopmentsinDelivery................................................................................................5
3. EvaluationofLIFEENV/INFwaterprojectsinrelationtoEUwaterpolicyandlegislation.............7 3.1. Overview.......................................................................................................................................................7 3.2. PolicysectorsandlegislativetextsconsideredbytheLIFEENV/INF/NATprojects .....................................10 3.2.1. FrameworkDirectives............................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.2. PollutionControl.....................................................................................................................................14 3.2.3. AquaticOrganisms..................................................................................................................................19 3.2.4. HumanHealth.........................................................................................................................................21 3.3. MeansofIntervention................................................................................................................................23 3.4. Specificnational/regional/localapproachesdevelopedbyLIFEprojects.................................................25 3.5. LIFEprojectsplayingtheroleofcatalystfortheimplementationofnational/regional/localwater programmes................................................................................................................................................27 3.6. Crosscuttingpolicy.....................................................................................................................................28 3.7. LIFEWatersectorprojectsandNaturalWaterRetentionMeasures..........................................................30 3.8. GapAnalysis................................................................................................................................................32 3.9. ThirdCountries(TCY)aspecialcase......................................................................................................... 34 3.9.1. LIFETCYandthepromotionofEUpoliciesoutsideofEurope................................................................35 3.10. ProjectCosts...............................................................................................................................................37 3.10.1. TotalCostsandEUCommitment........................................................................................................ 37 3.10.2. ProjectcostsbyDirective .................................................................................................................... 39 3.10.3. CostComparisonwithotherProgrammes......................................................................................... 40 3.11. BestofLIFEprojects....................................................................................................................................41 4. AnalysisoftheachievementsofLIFEENV/INFprojectsinthewatersector ................................43
4.1. SWOTAnalysis.............................................................................................................................................43 4.2. AreasinwhichLIFEwaterprojectsareespeciallysuccessful(Strengths)...................................................43 4.2.1. Alternativeremediationapproaches...................................................................................................... 43 4.2.2. Alternativepreventativesolutions.......................................................................................................... 45 4.2.3. Managementsolutionsforwastewaterintheurbanenvironment.......................................................46 4.2.4. Assessmentandimprovementsofquantitativestatusingroundwater.................................................46 4.2.5. Newtechnologiesforthecontinuousmonitoringofsurfacewaters......................................................47 4.2.6. Costeffectiveprogrammeofmeasures.................................................................................................. 48 4.2.7. TheHorizontalApproachlinkingwatermanagementtootherpolicysectors....................................49 4.2.8. Projectswithhighpotentialfortransferability....................................................................................... 49 4.2.9. StandaloneSuccesses............................................................................................................................. 51 4.3. AreasinwhichLIFEwaterprojectshavefailedtomeettheirpolicyobjectives(Weaknesses)..................53 4.3.1. Scale........................................................................................................................................................53 4.3.2. Varyingcosts...........................................................................................................................................54 4.3.3. Weatherandtechnicalproblems............................................................................................................ 55 4.3.4. Technicallimitations............................................................................................................................... 55 4.3.5. Humanfactors........................................................................................................................................55 4.4. ContinuingornewthreatswhichmakeitdifficultforLIFEwaterprojectstoimplementpolicy(Threats)55 4.4.1. Sustainability..........................................................................................................................................56 4.4.2. Transferability.........................................................................................................................................56 4.4.3. Dataaccessandreferenceinformation.................................................................................................. 57
[WaterSectorReportAugust2012]
4.4.4. Unknownlongtermresults................................................................................................................... 57 4.4.5. Wideradministrativeandeconomicthreats.......................................................................................... 57 4.4.6. Difficultiesinobtainingaccess,rightsandpermissions .......................................................................... 58 4.4.7. Lackofclosecollaborationandconsensuswithstakeholders................................................................58 4.4.8. Insufficientharmonisationanddifferentinterpretationsofpolicy.........................................................59 4.5. LIFEprojectscontributingtothedevelopmentofnewwaterrelatedpoliciesandlegislation (Opportunities)............................................................................................................................................59 4.5.1. Projectsproposingnewlegislation......................................................................................................... 60 4.5.2. Projectsworkingoncomplementarysublegislationtoalreadyexistingtexts .......................................60 4.5.3. ProjectsdevelopingnewapproachesnotyetcoveredbyexistingEUlegislation...................................61 4.5.4. Projectsprovidinginputforspecificwatermanagementrelatedlegislation.........................................62 4.5.5. Projectcontributingtotherevisionofwaterlegislation........................................................................ 62 4.5.6. Projectscontributingtofurtherdevelopwatermanagementrelatednormsandstandards................63 4.5.7. Projectsassessinganddisseminatingenvironmentallegislation...........................................................64 4.6. PreparatoryProjects...................................................................................................................................66 4.7. Factorsforsuccessandfailure.................................................................................................................... 66
5.
Conclusionsandrecommendations...........................................................................................71
LISTOFFIGURES Figure21:TrendsinProjectsthroughTimeforPrincipalDirectives........................................................................ 5 Figure22TrendsinLIFEProjectsDealingWithPollutionControl............................................................................ 6 Figure31:DetailedAnalysisofProjectsRelatedtotheWaterFrameworkDirective .............................................11 Figure32:RelativeProportionofLIFEProjectscontibutingtoDirectivesRelatingtoAquaticOrganisms.............20 Figure33:DeliveryMechanismsforPolicyImplementationforallProjects..........................................................24 Figure34:BreakdownofDeliveryMechanismsbyLIFEBrand............................................................................... 25 Figure35:DistributionofTotalProjectValuesforLIFEENVprojects..................................................................... 38 Figure36:DistributionofTotalProjectValuesforLIFENATprojects..................................................................... 39 Figure37:TotalCostComparisonLIFEvsotherEUFunds................................................................................... 41 LISTOFTABLES Table31:NumberofLIFEprojectsperwaterdirective ............................................................................................ 7 Table32:TableofCrossCuttingLegislation............................................................................................................. 9 Table33:LIFETCYWaterSectorProjects ................................................................................................................ 34 Table34:TCYProjectsPromotingEUPolicyoutsideEurope.................................................................................. 35 Table35:TotalCostsofDeliveringLIFEProjectsintheWaterSector ..................................................................... 37 Table36:HighestandLowestRankingProjectsonTotalCost................................................................................ 38 Table37:CostBreakdownbyDirective ................................................................................................................... 40 Table38:AverageCostofProjects.......................................................................................................................... 40 Table39:BestofLIFEAwardsWaterProjects...................................................................................................... 42 Table41:ScalingIssueswithLIFEprojects .............................................................................................................. 54 Table42:FactorsforSuccessandOperationalThreatsofLIFEENV/INF/NATProjectsintheWaterSector..........67 LISTOFBOXES Box1:Phytoremediation ..........................................................................................................................................30 Box2:StrengthsoftheLIFEprojects....................................................................................................................... 43 Box3:WeaknessesoftheLIFEprojects................................................................................................................... 53 Box4:Threatstotheimplementationofwaterpolicy............................................................................................ 56 Box5:OpportunitiesforLIFEprojectstoinfluencepolicy....................................................................................... 60 Box6:Deficienciesincurrentwatermonitoringprogrammes................................................................................ 63 ANNEXES Annex1:LonglistofLIFEENV/INF/NATprojects Annex2:Finalisedmatrixofallprojectsanalysedforwaterlegislation Annex3:FurtherassessmentofprojectsconsideringtheWaterFrameworkDirective Annex4:SWOTanalysesforcriticalanalysisofselectedprojects
ACRONYMS AR BAT BWD CEC CFP CIS CODs CW Discharge EAP EC ECGMS ENV
ArtificialRecharge BestAvailableTechnique Directive2006/7/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof15February 2006concerningthemanagementofbathingwaterqualityandrepealingDirective 76/160/EEC(BathingWaterDirective) CationExchangeCapacity CommonFisheriesPolicy WaterFrameworkDirectiveCommonImplementationStrategy ChemicalOxygenDemands ConstructedWetland Directive(76/464/EEC;80/68/EECand)2006/11/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandof theCouncilof15February2006onpollutioncausedbycertaindangeroussubstances dischargedintotheaquaticenvironmentoftheCommunity(soontoberepealedbythe WFD) EnvironmentalActionProgramme EuropeanCommission EuropeanCoordinatingGroupforMarineStrategy LIFEEnvironmentPolicyandGovernancestrand Directive2008/105/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof16December 2008onenvironmentalqualitystandardsinthefieldofwaterpolicy,amendingand subsequentlyrepealingCouncilDirectives82/176/EEC,83/513/EEC,84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC,86/280/EECandamendingDirective2000/60/ECoftheEuropean ParliamentandoftheCouncil EnvironmentalTechnologyActionPlan EuropeanUnion FrameworkAgreementontheSavaRiverbasin Directive2007/60/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23October 2007ontheassessmentandmanagementoffloodrisks(FloodsDirective) SeventhFrameworkProgramme GoodEnvironmentalStatus(assetoutintheMarineStrategyFrameworkDirective) GoodEcologicalStatus(assetoutintheWaterFrameworkDirective) GeographicalInformationSystem Directive2006/118/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof12December 2006ontheprotectionofgroundwateragainstpollutionanddeterioration (GroundwaterDirective,includedinWFD) GroundWater TheHelsinkiCommission,BalticMarineEnvironmentProtectionCommission LIFEInformationandCommunicationstrand Directive2007/2/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof14March2007 establishinganInfrastructureforSpatialInformationintheEuropeanCommunity Directive96/61/ECand2010/75/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof 24November2010onindustrialemissions(IntegratedPollutionPreventionand Control) IntellectualPropertyRights InternationalUnionforConservationofNature EuropeanUnionFinancialInstrumentfortheEnvironment(20072013) EuropeanUnionFinancialInstrumentfortheEnvironment(20002006)
EQS
ETAP EU FASRB Floods FP7 GES GES GIS Groundwater GW HELCOM INF INSPIRE IPPC IPR
IUCN
LIFE+ LIFEIII
LIFETrack LTER MBR MPA MS MSFD MSGs NAT Natura2000 Nitrates NREAP NVZ P&T POM RBMP RDorRED RMS SMEs SUDS SW SWOT TBT TCY UV UWWT VOCs WFD WHO WISE WWTP
LIFEprogrammemonitoringdatabase EuropeanLongTermEcosystemResearchNetwork Membranebioreactor MarineProtectedArea MemberState Directive2008/56/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof17June2008 establishingaframeworkforcommunityactioninthefieldofmarineenvironmental policy(MarineStrategyFrameworkDirective) MarineStrategyGroups LIFENatureandBiodiversitystrand TheEUwidenetworkofnatureprotectionareasestablishedunderDirective92/43/EEC of21May1992ontheconservationofnaturalhabitatsandofwildfaunaandflora (HabitatsDirective) Directive91/676/EECof12December1991concerningtheprotectionofwaters againstpollutioncausedbynitratesfromagriculturalsources(NitratesDirective) NationalRenewableEnergyActionPlans
NitrateVulnerableZones
PumpandTreat ProgrammesofMeasures RiverBasinManagementPlan Directive2009/28/ECof23April2009onthepromotionoftheuseofenergyfrom renewablesourcesandamendingandsubsequentlyrepealingDirectives2001/77/EC and2003/30/EC(RenewablesDirectiveorRenewableEnergyDirective) RiverModellingSystem Small/MediumEnterprise SustainableUrbanDrainageSystems Surfacewater StrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreats Tributyltin,awidelyusedantifoulingpaintandpersistentpollutantofmarinesystems LIFEThirdCountriesstrand Ultraviolet Directive91/271/EECof21May1991concerningurbanwastewatertreatment VolatileOrganicCompounds Directive2000/60/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23October 2000establishingaframeworkforCommunityactioninthefieldofwaterpolicy(Water FrameworkDirective) WorldHealthOrganisation WaterInformationSystemforEurope WasteWaterTreatmentPlant
EXECUTIVESUMMARY ProtectingthequalityofEuropeswaterresourceshasbeenahighpriorityfortheEuropeanUnionsinceit startedadoptinglegislationintheareaofenvironmentalprotectioninthemid1970s.Thisfirstgenerationof directivesestablishedaseriesofqualitystandardsaimedatprotectinghumanhealthandtheliving environment,includingsurfacewaterusedfordrinkingwater,bathingwater,fishwaters,shellfishwatersand groundwater.However,thequalitystandardapproachprovedinsufficientforprotectingEuropespolluted watersand,inthe1980s,theEUstartedtofocusonthesourcesofpollutants.ThisledtotheDirectiveonUrban WastewaterTreatment(UWWT),theNitratesDirectiveandtheDirectiveonIntegratedPollutionPreventionand Control(IPPC). Tomakethispatchworkofpoliciesandlegislationmorecoherent,theEUadoptedtheWaterFramework Directive(WFD)in2000,creatingaglobalandunifiedapproachtowaterlegislation.TheWFDscombined approachforpointanddiffusesourceslinkstherequirementsestablishedintheotherdirectivesthroughthe programmesofmeasures.Thisintegratedapproachhasmorerecentlybeenadoptedinanefforttoprotectthe marineenvironmentandin2008theEUsMarineStrategyFrameworkDirectivecameintoforcewiththegoalof achievingGoodEnvironmentalStatus(GES)inEuropesSeasby2020. LIFEistheEUsfinancialinstrumentsupportingenvironmentalandnatureconservationprojectsthroughoutthe EU,aswellasinsomecandidate,accedingandneighbouringcountries.Since1992,LIFEhascofinancedsome 3506projects,contributingapproximately2.5billiontotheprotectionoftheenvironmentandoverthe20 yearsthattheprogrammehasbeenactiveapproximately21.6%oftheprojectsfundedunderLIFEhavebeen relatedtothewatersector1.Furthermore,projectsareoverwhelminglysuccessful(withmorethan80%of projectsreachingallornearlyalloftheirobjectives)andtheLIFEprogrammeisgenerallywellalignedwith relevantlegislationand/orpolicy. Clearly,watersectorprojectsformanimportantpartoftheLIFEprogramme;buthowdoestheprogramme impactonwaterpolicyandhastheprogrammerespondedtothechangingimpetusoftheregulatory framework?InanefforttoanswerthesequestionstheLIFEUnitcommissionedtheExternalMonitoringTeam (Astrale)toundertakeaspecialstudytoreviewprogresstodate. Reviewingalltheprojectsfromthelast20yearswouldhavebeenanimpossibletaskandsothereviewfocussed onwaterprojectsfrom20052010;thisincludedprojectswhichhadfinalisedandoneswhichwererelatively newandhadonlypreliminaryresults.TheAstraleteamreviewedaround150waterrelatedprojectswhichhave beenfundedduringthelast6yearsandselected33ofthesefordetailedassessment.AllbrandsoftheLIFE programmehavebeenrepresentedinthestudy. Allprojectswereanalysedintermsofthewaterdirectivesthattheyarerelatedtoinordertogainsome understandingoftheproportionofprojectscontributingtoeachdirective;asubsequentgapanalysisrevealed thoselegislativeareaswhicharenotwellservedbyLIFEprojects.Onexaminationofthespreadofprojects throughoutthevariousdirectivestherearesomeareaswhereLIFEprojectsarenotwellrepresentedandthe Floods,EnvironmentalQualityStandardsandShellfishDirectiveshavethefewestprojects.Thereasonsforthis arenotclearalthoughitispossiblethatprojectproponentsdonotalwaysmentionsallpolicyareasthatthe projectislikelytoinfluence.Nevertheless,thereiscertainlyscopeinallthreedirectivesforLIFEprojectsto makeacontributiontotheimplementation(atleasttocertainaspects)ofthesepolicyareas. ThemajorityofprojectsaddressedsomeaspectoftheWaterFrameworkDirectiveandsoafurtherbreakdown ofWFDpolicyareasrevealedthattypologyandthedelineationofwaterbodies,economics,monitoringand
OverviewofenvironmentprojectsfundedbytheLIFEprogramme19962008,GHKstudy2010
ProgrammesofMeasures(POM)donotattractmanyprojects.Thereportdrawsoutsomegoodexamplesof LIFEprojectscontributingtotherequirementsandobjectivesofthedifferentdirectives. Thestudyalsoconsideredtheoverallcostsoftheprogrammeandcalculatedtherelativecostsassociatedwith eachdirective.TheWFDisthedirectivewhichreceivesmostattentionintermsofnumberofprojectsandin termsoftotalEUcommitmentofsome137millionEurosbetween2005and2010.Theaveragecostperproject fordeliveryisperhapsabetterindicatoroftheaveragecostoftheprogrammeandalthoughtheWFDprojects tendtohaveaslightlyhigherunitcostthanotherprojectsthereisverylittledifferenceinthecostofdelivery betweenthedirectivesforanysingleproject.However,theaveragecostofNATprojectsismuchhigher(almost double)thatoftheENVprojects,althoughthereasonswhythisshouldbesowereoutsidethescopeofthis study. Theprojectsexaminedcoveredabroadrangeofwaterissuesaddressedandsolutionsproposedandexamined allstagesofthepolicydevelopmentandimplementationprocess.Thenumberofprojectswiththeexpressaim ofelaboratingactualpolicyisratherlow.Ontheotherhand,aconsiderablenumberofprojectsdevelopor demonstrateconcretewaterutilisation,remediationandpreventionpractices,demonstratingarangeof economicallyfeasibleandenvironmentallysoundoptionswhichcouldcontributetosettingthestandardsfor futurepolicies. TheindepthanalysisoftheselectedprojectsexaminedthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheLIFEprojectsin relationtotheirimpactonthewaterdirectivesandwentontoassesstheopportunitiesandthreatstoreveal areaswheretheprogrammecouldimproveorareasthatneedtobeaddressediftheimpactonpolicyistobe morewidespreadthanatpresent. ThestrengthsoftheLIFEprojectslieintheirabilitytodevelopalternativeremediationapproachesand preventativesolutionscontributingtowaterpolicyissues.Undoubtedlytherehavebeensomemajor technologicaladvancesinwatertreatment(contributingtotheUWWTDirective)aswellassomeoutstanding examplesofprojectscontributingtotheimplementationofriverbasinmanagementplansthroughthe integrationofdatacapture,modellingandmanagementtechniques.Someprojectoutputshaveahigh potentialfortransferabilityorreplicability,althoughitisoftendifficulttodeterminewhetherthefullpotential hasbeenrealisedasthisoftenoccurssometimeafterprojectclosure.Thislatterpointcanalsobeconsidered asathreatalongwithlongtermsustainabilityasitisoftendifficulttobothmaintainthemomentumofa projectandfindcontinuedfundingoncetheLIFEfundinghasbeenexhausted.Anew,andemerging,threatto thelegacyofsomeLIFEprojectsisthemacroeconomicclimatewithsomeprojectsreportingdifficultiesin developinginnovativetechnologiesfurtherinthecurrenteconomicclimate. Fewweaknesses,i.e.factorswhichpreventedabsolutesuccess,wereidentifiedintheprojectsandalthough somewereoutsidethecontroloftheprojectdesign,forexamplepoorweatherconditionsatcriticaltimesinthe projectcycle,mostcouldperhapshavebeenpreventedthroughstrongerprojectdesign(e.g.technical limitations,gettingtherightstakeholdersinvolvedtoencouragewiderdeliveryandhumanfactors).Variable costswasarecurringthemeandsometechnologiesdevelopedanddemonstratedbyLIFEprojectshaveproved toinvolvehighcapitalcoststhatmayactasbarrierstotheirwideruptakeandcommercialisation.Other technologiesdemonstratevariabilityincostperformanceonasitebysitebasisandsoarelessattractiveto prospectiveinvestors. Intermsoffutureopportunities,therearetwopolicysupportareaswhereLIFEprojectscouldbemore influential,providedthatsuchsupportisbuiltintotheprojectdesign.Theseareprojectswhichassessand disseminateenvironmentallegislationandprojectswhichcontributetothefurtherdevelopmentofwater managementrelatednormsandstandards.InessenceitwouldbeunrealistictoexpectmostLIFEprojectsto contributetopolicyformulationduetotheirlimitedsizeandthegenerallylocalscaleofoperation.
ii
Inaddition,thisstudydemonstrateshowtheLIFEprojectscontributetothevariousstagesofthepolicycycle, highlightwherethestrengthsoftheprojectlieandexaminetheopportunitiesthatmayariseasaresultofthe changingregulatorylandscape. TherolethatLIFEprojectscanplayineachphaseofthepolicycyclecanbeassessedbyexaminingtheir relevanceinthefourstagesofthecycle. Scoping:someprojectswerealreadyworkingoncosteffectiveprogrammeofmeasuresbeforequantitative targetsbecameobligatoryinEUlegislation.IncasessuchasLIFE05ENV/DK/145OdensePRBAgriPoMthe projectdemonstratedthedevelopmentofacosteffectiveprogrammeofmeasurestoreducelevelsofnitrogen andphosphorusoriginatingfromagriculturalactivitiespriortothedeadline.However,intheLIFEportfolio, projectsofthisnaturearefewandwecouldonlyfindtwoprojectsthatsetouttodefineprogrammesof measures. Policydevelopment:fewprojectsaredirectlylinkedtothedevelopmentofnewenvironmentalpolicies.A specifictypeofproject(preparatoryprojects)isdedicatedtothispurposeandthereisonlyoneforthewater sectorwhichwastheUKprojectLIFE06PREP/UK/002TRITECHETV.Thisprojectwasusefulasin2002,theEU adoptedtheEnvironmentalTechnologyActionPlan(ETAP).AkeyaspectofETAPisthedevelopmentofimproved testing,performanceverificationandstandardisationofenvironmentaltechnologiesthroughdefinedprocesses. TheTRITECHETVprojectsetupandranapilotschemefortheverificationofenvironmentaltechnologies, includingwastewatertreatment. Policyimplementation:ThisiswithoutdoubtthemainstrengthoftheLIFEprogramme.NumerousLIFEprojects arededicatedtopolicyimplementation,forinstancebydemonstratinghow(future)EUpolicytargetscanbe achieved(e.g.LIFE07ENV/NL/576PHARMAFILTERprovidesinnovativemethodstotreathospitalwastewater fordrinkingwater),bycontributingtotheimplementationofEUpolicyatthenationallevel(e.g.LIFE09 ENV/RO/612CLEANWATERwhichhelpsdevelopamodernwatermanagementsystemforRomania)orby demonstratingtechnologies(e.g.LIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMthatdemonstratedthemultibarrier technologyinBelgiumandAustria).SeveralprojectshavecontributedtoabetterunderstandingofhowEU Directivescoveringdifferentpolicyareascanbeimplementedwithoutconflict.Forexample,the2011award winningprojectLIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPPhashadasignificantinfluenceonlocalpolicy makers/regulatorsperceptionsofhydropowerandhasprovedthat,withcarefulimplementation,theecological benefits(WFD)andtheeconomicoperationofhydropowerplants(undertheRenewableEnergyDirective)are notcontradictoryandtherequirementsofbothdirectivescanbemet.Thisis,arguably,theareawhereLIFE projectsexcelandmakethelargestcontributiontoEUpolicy. Policyevaluation/review:although,duetothedemonstrationnatureoftheLIFEprogramme,thiselementis lessprominentlyrepresentedintheprojectportfolio,thereareoneortwogoodexamplesofLIFEwaterprojects contributingtopolicyreview(e.g.LIFE07ENV/L/540M3whichidentifiedshortcomingsintheWFDCommon ImplementationStrategy). So,howwelldotheprojectsactuallyservethepolicymaker?Externalevaluatorstendtovaluethepractical experimentationwhichLIFEprojectscontributetopolicymaking,andtheyacknowledgethatprojectsare relevanttoEUpolicy.AccordingtotheLIFE+midtermevaluation2,LIFEprojectsprovideopportunitiesforthe developmentandtestingofideasforpolicydevelopmentandimplementationwhich,basedonrealconditions andactionsontheground,providefeedbackandinsightonwhatisfeasibleorlessfeasible,identifyinggood practiceswherepossible.TheLIFEIIIexpostevaluationadds3thatintermsofutilityattheEuropeanlevel,the projectsbyandlargehavealinktooneormorepiecesofEUornationallegislationand/orpolicies,andtheir objectivesandscopesareinlinewiththatlegislation.
2 3
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/about/documents/com2010_516_final.pdf OverviewofenvironmentprojectsfundedbytheLIFEprogramme19962008,GHKstudy2010
iii
Inconclusion,LIFEprojectsexcelatpolicyimplementationbuthavelessdirectinfluenceinotherareasofthe policycycle.WhileLIFEprojectsdorespondtochanginglegislation(i.e.responsetothecallfordevelopmentof integratedRBMPsundertheWFD)themannerofdelivery(i.e.local/regional,smallscale,innovativeandhighly technicalprojects),hasnotchangedagreatdealovertheyears.However,thismaychangewiththeadventof larger,integratedprojectsproposedunderthenewLIFEinstrument(20142020). ItisrecommendedthattheLIFEprogrammeencouragesbeneficiariestosubmitapplicationsthatcontributeto thoseareasofwaterpolicythatarecurrentlypoorlyaddressed,suchastheprogrammesofmeasures,andthat beneficiariesshouldbemorepreciseintermsofwhichareasoftheWFDtheyaimtofocuson,e.g.groundwater monitoringorriverbasinmanagementplans.Furthermore,communicatingtheresultsoftheLIFEprojectstothe watermanagersinaformthatallowsthemtoanswercriticalquestionsisseenasanimportantoutcomeofthis studyandtheanalyticaltoolsdevelopedtocompletethisanalysiscouldbeimprovedandupdatedtoprovide thisvitalinformationlink.
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1. INTRODUCTION
TheLIFEENVandEcoinnovationUnitrequestedthatAstraleEEIGshould,inthecontextoftheEnhancing TasksofAstraleCcontract,assessthecontributionofLIFEENV/INFprojectstotheimplementation, disseminationandfurtherdevelopmentofEUenvironmentalpoliciesandlegislation,focusinginparticular onresourceefficiency. Accordingly,AstraleEEIGundertookapilotstudyin2011which,besidesprovidinganindepthanalysisof wasteprojectsfundedbyLIFE,informedsubsequentstudies(inputneeded,methodology,idealfrequencyof theupdates,etc.).AsaresultofthepilotstudytheLIFEENVandWaterUnitrequestedasimilarstudy concerningthecontributionoftheLIFEprojecttoEUenvironmentalpoliciesintheWaterSector(aspartof AstraleDcontract). TheThematicUnitD1(Water),representedbyMs.EvdokiaAchilleos,andMr.JoseRizoofUnitD2(Marine Environment&WaterIndustry)havebeeninvolvedinthedesignandfinalisationofthereport. TheThematicUnitD1didnotidentifyanyspecificproblemsrelatedtotheimplementationofthewater relateddirectivesbuttheyexpressedsomeinterestinidentifyingprojectsrelatedtowaterreuseor addressingpharmaceuticalpollutioninwater. Therefore,theprincipalobjectivesofthestudywereto: Reviewcurrentwaterrelatedlegislationandagreealistofkeydirectivestobeassessed. Reviewallwaterrelatedprojectstodeterminewhichkeydirectiveswereconsidered,examinetrends andwhatthecostsofimplementationwere(bothtotalandECcontributions). ReviewselectedprojectsrelatingtotheimplementationofkeyEUwaterlegislation,includingtheWater FrameworkDirective,usingSWOTanalysis. ReviewofselectedprojectsthatprovidenewsolutionsandbestpracticeforimplementationofEU legislationandpolicyinthemostefficientwayandahighpotentialfortransferabilitywithintheEU. Selectedprojectsalsoallowunderstandingoffactorsforfailureorsuccessofcertainapproaches. Relevanceofprojectapproaches
Therelevantdirectiveswereanalysedandgroupedunderthefollowingheadings: FrameworkDirectives
WFD:Directive2000/60/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23October2000 establishingaframeworkforCommunityactioninthefieldofwaterpolicy(WaterFramework Directive) MSFD:Directive2008/56/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof17June2008 establishingaframeworkforcommunityactioninthefieldofmarineenvironmentalpolicy(Marine StrategyFrameworkDirective) IPPC:Directive96/61/ECand2010/75/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof24 November2010onindustrialemissions(integratedpollutionpreventionandcontrol) Floods:Directive2007/60/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23October2007on theassessmentandmanagementoffloodrisks PollutionControl UWWT:CouncilDirective91/271/EECof21May1991concerningurbanwastewatertreatment
Nitrates:CouncilDirective91/676/EECof12December1991concerningtheprotectionofwaters againstpollutioncausedbynitratesfromagriculturalsources DischargeofPollutionDirective(76/464/EEC;80/68/EECand)2006/11/ECoftheEuropean ParliamentandoftheCouncilof15February2006onpollutioncausedbycertaindangerous substancesdischargedintotheaquaticenvironmentoftheCommunity(soontoberepealedbythe WFD) GroundwaterDirective2006/118/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof12 December2006ontheprotectionofgroundwateragainstpollutionanddeterioration(includedin WFD) EQSDirective2008/105/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof16December2008on environmentalqualitystandardsinthefieldofwaterpolicy,amendingandsubsequentlyrepealing CouncilDirectives82/176/EEC,83/513/EEC,84/156/EEC,84/491/EEC,86/280/EECandamending Directive2000/60/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil AquaticOrganisms Directive2006/44/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof6September2006onthe qualityoffreshwatersneedingprotectionorimprovementinordertosupportfishlife(soontobe repealedbyWFD) Directive2006/113/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof12December2006onthe qualityrequiredofshellfishwaters(soontoberepealedbyWFD) HumanHealth CouncilDirective98/83/ECof3November1998onthequalityofwaterintendedforhuman consumption Directive2006/7/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof15February2006concerning themanagementofbathingwaterqualityandrepealingDirective76/160/EEC AlthoughsomeofthesedirectiveswillberepealedbytheWFDinthefutureitwasrelevanttoanalysethe projectsintermsofthesedirectivesbecausetheywerestillactiveduringthetimeframeoftheprojects analysed.Manyoftheprojectsstillreferredtothesedirectivesandwereclearlytargetingthemintheir originalapplications. Alonglistofprojectswasdevelopedcoveringtheperiodfrom2005through2010andthusincludedprojects fromLIFEIIIandLIFE+.Thestartperiodof2005wasselectedbecausethislinkedtothebeginningofthe implementationoftheWFDwhichwasconsideredtobethemaindirectiveconsideredbythemajorityofthe LIFEprojects. Alonglistof244projectsfromtheENV,NAT,TCYandINFbrandswasestablished.Thislonglistalsocovered projectsthatwerenotdirectlywaterrelatedbutincludedwatermanagementaspectsthefulllonglistcan befoundinAnnex1.Theanalysisoftheseprojectsledtotherejectionof33projectswhichmainlydealt withwasteissuesandwereonlymarginallyrelevanttowaterandhorizontalissueslikesoilremediationand alternativeenergies.Afurther14projectswereremovedfromthemainanalysisbecausetheywereTCY projectsandassuchcouldonlycontributetotheimplementationofthedirectivesiftheytargetedcommon waterbodiessharedwithMemberStates.However,theseprojectshavebeenanalysedseparatelytosee whethertherewereanysynergiesinimplementationintheMemberStatesandwhethertherewereany projectswheredevelopedtechnologiescouldbeusefullytransferredtotheMemberStates. Theremaining197projectswerethenanalysedintermsoftheprincipaldirectivesoutlinedaboveandthe resultsarepresentedinthefollowingsection.Ineachcasetheprojectwasratedasspecificallycontributing totheobjectivesofadirectiveastheprincipalobjectiveorasasecondaryobjective.Projectshavebeen
includedintheshortlistregardlessoftheirsuccessorfailure,consideringthatlessonscanbelearntfrom both. Themajorityofprojects(113)focussedontheWFDandsotheseprojectswerereanalysedinmoredepthto determinewhichpartsoftheWFDLIFEprojectsfocusseduponandwhethertherewereanysignificantgaps thattheLIFEprogrammecouldaddressinfuturerounds. ThetotalcostsforallprojectsandtheECcontributionunderLIFEwereassessedandallowedanoverviewof theoverallspendassociatedwitheachdirective.Inaddition,anaveragecostperprojecthasbeencalculated inanattempttoevaluatewhetherprojectsservicingsomedirectivesaremorecostlythanothers. Manyprojectsalsocombinewaterprotectionwithotherenvironmentalissueslikerenewableenergy directiveorclimatechangemitigation;theselinkshavealsobeentakenintoaccount. Thescopeofthestudydoesnotallowanindepthassessmentofall197projects.However,anassessmentof resultsasfarasavailableisgiveninthematrixpresentedinAnnex2.Theseprojectsallowedabroad analysisoftheoverallcoverageofLIFEprojectsinrelationtothemaindirectivesandtheWFDinparticular butalsoprovidedvaluableinformationconcerninginformationgapsi.e.maindirectivesofpartsoftheWFD thatarepoorlyaddressedbyLIFE. Afurther35projectswereselectedforamoredetailedevaluationusingaSWOTanalysisapproach.These projectshavebeenselectedaccordingtotheirrelevancefortheWaterThematicUnit,butalsoaccordingto thetrendsthatcanbeobservedfromtheoverallassessment.Chapter4givesmoreinformationonthe relationofprojectstowaterprotectionlegislation. TheconcludingchapterexamineswhereLIFEprojectsinterveneinthepolicycycleanddrawstogetherthe strengthsoftheprogrammeaswellassummarisingtheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselvestotheLIFE programmegoingforward. 1.1. LimitationstotheStudy Firstitmustbesaidthatitisoftendifficulttodeterminewhichspecificpoliciesaprojectmayberelatedto asthisisnotalwaysexplicitlystatedintheapplication.Theapplicantisonlyobligedtocompletethetickbox atthebeginningofFormAwhichgivesanindicationofthegeneralareaofpolicytheprojectisrelatedto. Thus,whilealloftheprojectsanalysedstatethatthefocusoftheprojectisonwaterpolicythereisno imperativefortheprojectproponentstogiveanyfurtherdetailsconcerningthespecificdirectivestheyare contributingto.Ofcoursemanyprojectsgivefurtherdetailselsewhereintheapplicationbutthisisnot oftenrecordedanywhereelse.Asaresult,searchingdocumentation(suchastheLIFEdatabaseandAstrales LifeTrack)usingkeywordsearchesoftendoesnotrevealtherequiredinformation.Itwouldbeveryusefulif therewasaspecificareaontheLIFEapplicationformsthatallowstheapplicanttostatethespecificpolicy areasconsideredbytheproject. Someprojects,especiallythosethatarehighlytechnical,tendtofocusverymuchonthedevelopmentof technologyandratherlessonpolicyimplicationsandsoitissometimesdifficulttofindthematerialrelevant toapolicystudyofthisnature.Indeed,forsomeprojectsonthelonglistitwasonlypossibletomapthe broadpolicyareathatwasbeingconsidered.Projectsofthisnaturecouldonlybeassessedintheseterms andcouldprovideverylittleadditionalinformation. AsprojectsoftenrelatetomorethanonespecificEUpolicyordirective,itissometimesdifficulttolinka projectexclusivelytoonelegislativetext.ThemultiplerelationsofLIFEENVprojectsinparticular4toEU
NoteNATprojectstendtofarmorepreciseintermsofrelationshiptopolicy
legislationmakeitdifficulttoestablishclearanddefiniterelationsbetweenprojectsandEUpolicy.Thiscan beregardedasalimitationofthestudy. Intermsofsustainability,transferandreplicationithasonlybeenpossibletodeterminethepotentialfor thistooccurbecausethesefactorscanonlyreliablybeassessedaftertheprojecthasclosed.Althoughsome projectsdohaveexpostmonitoringvisits,thiswasnotusedasaselectioncriteria,anditisonlythroughthis kindofmonitoringthatthereallongevityofaprojectcanbescrutinised.Therewasnotreallyenoughex postdatatomakeanyrobustconclusions. Finally,althoughsomegapsintheportfoliohavebeenidentifieditisnotcertainwhetherthesearedueto thefactthatprospectivebeneficiariesdonotsubmitapplicationsfortheseareasorwhetherapplications coveringthesesubjectsarelargelyunsuccessful(i.e.donotpasstheevaluationstages).Theinformation requiredtoanswerthisquestionwasnotreadilyavailableintheevidencereviewedforthisstudy.
2. RECENTDEVELOPMENTSINDELIVERY
Lookingatthe6yearsoftheLIFEprogramme,itisinterestingtoobservethatthenumberofprojectswhich claimtorelatetotheFrameworkDirectiveshavenotchangedagreatdealdespitetheconsiderableprogress inwaterpolicyandlegislation.Figure21showsthenumberofLIFEprojectswhichrespondtoeachofthe fourFrameworkDirectivesoverthelast6years.Itisclearthatthemajorityofprojectsclaimtocontributeto theimplementationoftheWFD.Whilethisistrueformanyprojectstherearesomethatsimplyquotethe WFDasrelatedlegislationbutdonotinfactmakeanycontributiontoitsimplementation.ThefocusofLIFE projectsontheWFDsuggestedthatafurtherbreakdownofprojects,intermsoftheareasoftheWFDthat theyaddressedwasrequiredandthisisdiscussedfurtherinChapter3. Figure21:TrendsinProjectsthroughTimeforPrincipalDirectives
ThenumberofprojectsconsideringtheMSFDisperhapslowerthanwouldbeexpectedwithamaximumof 10projectsin2009;andover50%oftheseareNATprojectswhichtendtofocusonestablishmentofmarine protectedareasorconservationofindividualspecies.Therefore,someofthestrategicaspectsoftheMSFD suchastheimplementationoftheecosystemsbasedapproachandthedevelopingofmonitoringsystems andprogrammesofmeasuresarepoorlyaddressedbyLIFEprojects.However,mostMemberStatesarestill atthefirststageofimplementationwhichinvolvesaninitialassessmentofthecurrentenvironmentalstatus ofthewatersandsoitispossiblethattherewillbeagreateremphasisonmarineprojectsinfuturerounds ofLIFE. TheFloodsDirectiveisalsopoorlycoveredbyLIFEprojectsandthisisperhapssurprisingastheinitial requirementsofthisDirectivecallsforidentificationandmappingattheriverbasinlevelandthe developmentoffloodmanagementplans;bothrequirementsillustratethesynergiesbetweentheFloods DirectiveandtheWFD.Wecouldonlyfindasmallnumberofprojectswhichrecognisedbothdirectivesand thisappearstobeanareawhereLIFEprojectscouldmakeagreatercontribution.However,itisrecognised thatthefinalstagesofimplementationoftheFloodsDirectiverequiresMemberStatestoputinplace preventativemeasures,probablyrequiringmajorinfrastructure,andsothisaspectoftheDirectivemaywell beservedbyotherEUfundingsources(i.e.structuralfunds). TheIPPCDirectiveistheonlyonetoshowasteadydeclineinLIFEprojectnumbersfromsixin2005tozero
in2008,2009and2010.Thereasonsforthedeclinearenotclearbutitispossiblethattheprojectshave focussedmoreontheindividualpollutioncontroldirectives(Figure22). TheseindividualpollutioncontroldirectiveswereaddressedexclusivelybyENVandINFprojects(noNAT projects)andtendedtobemainlytechnicalprojectsdealingwith: Figure22showsthetrendsinLIFEprojectsinvolvedwiththefivedirectivesdealingwithpollutioncontrol. Therearefewrealtrendsinthedatawithperhapstheexceptionofanincreasingnumberofprojects consideringgroundwaterandadecreaseinthenumberofprojectsaddressingdischarges,butthenumbers arequitelowandsoitisnotcertainthatthesearerealtrends.Itisappreciatedthatallthesedirectives, apartfromtheUWWT,willberepealedbytheWFDintime,however,theprojectscitedthesedirectivesand sotheassessmenthereisvalid.OnegapappearsintheLIFEportfolio,onlyoneproject(LIFE08ENV/IT/399 EnvEurope)citedthedevelopmentofEnvironmentalQualityStandards(EQS)asanobjectivebutthiswas secondarytotheWFD.ThisisclearlyanareawhereLIFEprojectscouldbemoreinfluential. Figure22TrendsinLIFEProjectsDealingWithPollutionControl solutionsforwastewatertreatmentinavarietyofindustries; innovativetechnologiesforreducingnitratesfrompointandnonpointsourcesprincipallyfrom agriculture; methodsofdealingwithpollutionofgroundwater,generallylinkedtonitratesaswell;and techniquesforreducingpollutiontosurfaceandgroundwater.
TrendanalyseswerenotcompletedforDirectivesdealingwithAquaticOrganismsandHumanHealth becuasethereweretoofewprojectstomakeameaningfulassessment.However,onexaminationofthe18 projectsdealingwithprotectionoffishwaterstherewasanevenspreadofprojectsacrossallyearswiththe exceptionof2009whennoprojectswerefundedinsupportofthisdirective.
3. EVALUATIONOFLIFEENV/INFWATERPROJECTSINRELATIONTOEU WATERPOLICYANDLEGISLATION
3.1. Overview MostoftheLIFEwaterprojectsassessedforthisstudyfocusonmorethanonewaterprotectionpolicyor directiveandmanyofthemarealsolinkedtootherenvironmentalareas.Table31showsthewater protectiondirectivestheprojectsfocusonasapriority. Table31:NumberofLIFEprojectsperwaterdirective Directive 2000/60/EC 2008/56/EC 96/61/ECand 2010/75/EU 2007/60/EC Noofprojects 113 28 12 8 28 25 20 14 2 18 1 8 3 Framework WaterFramework MarineStrategy IntegratedPollution Prevention FloodRisk Pollution 91/271/EEC UrbanWasteWater Nitratesfrom 91/676/EEC Agriculture 76/464/EEC; Dischargeof 80/68/EEC;06/11/EC Pollution 2006/118/EC Groundwater 2008/105/EC EQS AquaticOrganisms FreshWatersto 2006/44 SupportFish 2006/113/EC Shellfish HumanHealth 98/83/EC DrinkingWater 2006/7/EC BathingWater
EachcategoryisdealtwithinmoredetailinChapter4belowbutitcanbeseenthatthemajorityofprojects dealwiththeWaterFrameworkDirectiveandthatsomeareasoflegislationarepoorlyaddressedbyLIFE,for examplethereareveryfewprojectsthatdealwithbathingwater,shellfishwatersorEQS.Themainanalysis ofprojectsispresentedinAnnex2. However,manyprojectsdealnotonlywiththeWaterFrameworkDirectivebutalsociteotherareasofwater legislationthathavebeenconsideredineitheraprimaryorsecondaryfunction. Table32belowshowshowLIFEprojectscanrelatetoseveraldifferentaspectsofwaterlegislationand indicatesthecrosscuttingnatureofmanyLIFEprojects5.Thereareanumberofprojectsthatcitemorethan onedirective.ItisquitepossibletoseehowtherecouldbealinkbetweentheFloodsDirectiveandthe WFD,agoodexampleofwhichisLIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCAN(seeinformationinsidebarbelow).
Thetotalexceedsthenumberofprojectsassessed,becausemanyprojectsfocusonmorethanonedirective.
Equallyitisnotsurprisingthattherearelinksbetween theWFDandtheIPPC.Agoodexampleofthisisproject LIFE05ENV/B/517INSIMEP,asuccessfulprojectfor LIFE06ENV/D/000461FLOODSCAN treatingmetalcontaminatedgroundwateronsiteby acceleratingnaturallyoccurringbiogeochemical Aprojectwhichdevelopedanew processes: obviouslytheprojectalsoconsideredthe technologyforfast,preciseandcost Groundwater Directive.Oneproject,LIFE07 efficienthydraulic2dmodellingofflood ENV/EE/122BaltActHaz,hadtheoverallgoaloftaking (hazard)areasbycombininglaserscanning joint Balticcountriesactiontowardsimplementationof withremotesensingdata.Theproject the WFD, theMSFDandtheIPPCDirectivesaswellas resultscontributeddirectlytotheFloods theHELCOMBalticSeaActionPlan.Itachievedthis Directiveandarelinkedtotheobjectives through areductionofhazardoussubstancesby oftheWFDwherethemitigationofthe improvingthecurrentpermittingsystemandenhancing effectoffloodsisrequired.Inaddition, betterchemicalmanagementinpilotareas.Therewasa theresultsintheareaofwebmapping large elementofawarenessraisingamongstthe contributetotheINSPIREDirective stakeholdersinthisprojectwhichprovedmost (Directive2007/2/EC). effective. Itisalsonotdifficulttounderstandwhytherecouldbe stronginteractionsbetweenprojectsdelivering pollutioncontrolsolutionsandtheWFD,sincethe Groundwater(76/464/EEC;80/68/EEC;06/11/EC)and DischargeofPollutants(2006/118/EC)Directiveswillbe repealedbytheWFDinduecourse.Agoodexampleof thesesynergiesistheprojectLIFE06ENV/F/158 ISONITRATEwhichsetouttoimprovethemanagement ofnitratepollutioninwaterusingisotrophic monitoring. Theprojectactedattheriverbasinscale andalsoproducedaninnovativeformofmonitoring. Althoughthetechnologywassuccessfulitisuncertain whethertherewillbeamajoruptakeofthemonitoring methodduetotheneedforlocaldecisionmakerstobe onboard.SimilarlytheDutchprojectLIFE06ENV/NL/167WETsuccessfullydemonstratedanumberof techniquesforthefurthertreatmentofeffluentfromWWTPsinordertoachievethestandardsoftheWFD. SeveraltechniqueshavealreadybeenimplementedatthebeneficiarysWWTPs. Intermsofthedirectivesdealingwithaquaticlife,mostareNATprojects,andmostarealsorelevanttothe WFD.Themajorityareriverrestorationprojectstorestoreecologicalorchemicalfunctionalitytoawater body.LIFEhasinvestedagreatdealinprojectsofthisnatureandtherearemanygoodexampleswhichare discussedinmoredetailinChapter4below.OnecurrentLIFEproject,LIFE09INF/UK/032RESTOREis seekingtobuildasustainablenetworklinkingpolicymakers,riverbasinplanners,practitionersandexperts acrossEuropetoshareinformationandgoodpracticeonriverrestorationactivities.Applyingsustainable riverrestorationservesboththeHabitatsDirectiveandtheWaterFrameworkDirectiveatseverallevels. Riverrestorationatthelocallevelaimstocreateandimprovehabitatconditionsforkeyspecies;atregional levelsupportstheNatura2000network;andacrossEuropecanimprovetheentireecologicalstatusofriver basins.Riverrestorationcanalsoassistwithadaptationtoclimatechangebystrengtheningecological networksandprovidingclimatespace.Riverrestorationactivitiesplayacrucialroleindevelopingbest practiceapproachesforfloodriskmanagement,especiallythroughfloodstorage,servingtheinterestsofthe EUFloodsRisksDirective.Ifitissuccessful,thisprojectcouldmakealastingcontributiontothe implementationoftheWFD,theFloodsDirectiveandtheHabitatsDirective.
Table32:TableofCrossCuttingLegislation
Primarylegislationisgivenontheverticalaxis,secondarylegislationisgivenonthehorizontalaxis
Framework WATERlegislation 2000/6 2008/5 96/61/ 0/EC 6/EC EC WFD MSFD IPPC 2 6 2 Pollution AquaticOrganisms HumanHealth 2006/1 2006/44 2006/11 98/83/E 2006/ 2007/60/ 91/271/E 91/676/E 80/68/EEC 18/EC /EC EC EC EC 3/EC C 7/EC Discharge Ground Fish Floods 7 0 0 UWWT 12 0 2 0 Nitrates ofPollution water 17 10 9 1 2 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 3 2 2 2
Waters Shellfish Drinking Bathing
Framework
2000/60/ECWaterFramework 2008/56/ECMarineStrategy 96/61/ECand2010/75/EUIPPC 2007/60/ECFloods

Pollution6
91/271/EECUWWT 91/676/EECNitrates 76/464/EEC;80/68/EEC;06/11/EC DischargeofPollution 2006/118/ECGroundwater

AquaticOrganisms
10 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
4 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0
2006/44FishWaters 2006/113/ECShellfish HumanHealth 98/83/ECDrinkingWater 2006/7/ECBathingWater
Note2008/105/ECEQShasnotbeenincludedintheanalysisasthereisonlyoneproject
ProjectsdealingwithHumanHealtharealsocloselyrelatedtotheWFD.Aparticularlygoodexampleis LIFE06ENV/IT/235KolisoonwhichdevelopedanewautomatedmethodfortheanalysisofEscherichiacoliin wastewatereffluent.Theenvironmentalbenefitsoftheprojectcomewithsafeguardingbathershealth throughrapidassessmentoffaecalpollutionofbathingwatersandsocontributestotheBathingWater DirectiveandtheWFD,providinganinterestinginputtothediscussiononhowandifthefaecal contaminationofdischargedeffluentscanbekeptundercontrolinrelationtotheimplementationofthese Directives.Similarly,LIFE06ENV/F/136MARECLEANhasdevelopedtoolsandapproachesforariskbased reductionofmicrobialpollutiondischargetocoastalwaters,thuscontributingtotheBathingWatersand ShellfishDirectivesaswellastheMSFD.WhiletheprojectuptakewasachievedinoneterritoryinFranceit failedtotransfertothe20coastalstatesoftheEU,whichwasoneofthemoreambitiousobjectives. Althoughtheproductispotentiallytransferable,thedisseminationwasnotaswidespreadasenvisaged. 3.2. PolicysectorsandlegislativetextsconsideredbytheLIFEENV/INF/NATprojects 3.2.1. FrameworkDirectives ThenumberofLIFEprojectsrelatedtothemainframeworkDirectivesovertheperiod2005through2010is illustratedinFigure21.Eachdirectiveisexaminedinmoredetailinthesectionsthatfollow. WaterFrameworkDirective(WFD)2000/60/EC TheEUadoptedtheWaterFrameworkDirective(WFD)in2000,creatingaglobalandunifiedapproachto waterlegislation.TheWFDscombinedapproachforpointanddiffusesourceslinkstherequirements establishedintheotherdirectivesthroughtheprogrammesofmeasures.TheWFDtopicisverywideand constitutesanimportantbaseforwaterlegislationandtherearemanycomplexprojectsaddressingboth waterqualityandquantityissues,presentingintegratedandcombinedapproachesanddiffusesources examplesaswell.ThemainobjectiveoftheWFDrequiressurfacefreshwaterandgroundwaterbodies suchaslakes,streams,rivers,estuaries,andcoastalwaterstobeecologicallysoundby2015;thefirst reviewoftheRiverBasinManagementPlansshouldtakeplacein2020. TheinitialanalysisindicatedthatthemajorityofLIFEprojectsinthewatersectorsince2005citedtheWater FrameworkDirectiveaseitheraprimaryorsecondarylegislativeconsideration.Infact113projectsoutof 197projectsscreenedwereinsomewayrelatedtotheWFD.Itisappreciatedthatmanyoftheseprojects alsodealwithrelatedwaterdirectives(particularlyinrespectofnitratesandgroundwater)whichwillcome directlyundertheWFDwhentheindividualdirectivesarerepealed. Error!Referencesourcenotfound.(seesection3.7)illustratesthecomplexityoftheprojectsand demonstratesthateachprojectcancontributetoanumberofdifferentareasnotonlywithintheWFDbut alsodrawsinotherwaterdirectives.Alltheseprojectsdeal,inonewayoranother,withphytoremediation (i.e.reducingpollutioninsurfacewatersusingplantbasedmaterials).Theydealwithbothpointanddiffuse sourcepollution,agriculturallandandtherestorationofhabitats.Thetechnologiestheyemploycanhave widespreadapplication. SotheverynatureoftheWFDmeansthatitcoversabroadrangeoftopicareasandsoinordertoproduce somesensibleconclusionstheprojectswerereexaminedinmoredetailaccordingtothesubcategories suggestedbytheWaterUnitandindicatedbelow: Characterisationoftheriverbasins Typology,delineationofwaterbasins Pressuresandimpactanalysis Economicanalysis MonitoringProgrammes Surfacewaters Groundwater AssessmentofStatus
10
The113projectsweremadeupof90ENV/INFprojectsand23NATprojects;thebreakdownbetween categoriesisgiveninFigure31belowandacompletebreakdownbycategoryisgiveninAnnex3. Figure31:DetailedAnalysisofProjectsRelatedtotheWaterFrameworkDirective
Ecologicalstatusofsurfacewater Chemicalstatusofsurfacewater Chemicalstatusofgroundwater Quantitativestatusofgroundwater PlanningProcess Stakeholderandpublicparticipation Integratedriverbasinapproach Programmeofmeasures Reportingandinformationanddatamanagement
InordertoassistWFDimplementation,theEUMemberStatesandtheCommissiondevelopedtheWater FrameworkDirectiveCommonImplementationStrategy(WFDCIS),whichwasagreedinMay2001.In particular,MemberStateswereencouragedtocontributetoworkinggroupsresponsiblefordeveloping analysesofpressuresandimpactsandbestpracticeinriverbasinplanning.AccordingtotheLIFEFocus Brochure(LifeandEuropesRivers,2007),itwasherethatmanyLIFENatureprojectshadbeenparticularly influentialpromotingthekeyactivitiesofthestrategy,namely:thesharingofinformation;managementof informationanddata;developmentofguidanceontechnicalissues;andtheapplication,testingand validationofguidance7.Itisinterestingthatfiveyearsonfromthatpublication,impactanalysis,ecological andchemicalstatusofsurfacewater,stakeholderparticipationandmanagementofinformationanddataare stillwelladdressedbyLIFEprojectsingeneral,butbyLIFEENVprojectsinparticular.Indeedtheanalysisin Figure31showsthatsince2005LIFENATprojectshavefocussedheavilyontheimprovementofecological statusofwatercourseswitharelativelysmallcontributionofprojectsinvolvingstakeholders.Thissuggests thattherehasbeenachangeofemphasisamongsttheNATprojectssince2000,butthatoverall,LIFE projectsstillcontributetomanycriticalaspectsoftheWFD. TheseprincipalareasofactivityaredealtwithinsomedetailinChapter4throughthedetailedanalysisof theselectedprojects.Nevertheless,itisrelevanttomentionsomegoodexamplesofprojectsthatconsider
LifeandEuropesRivers.ProtectingandImprovingourWaterResources.LIFEIIIFocusPublication.2007.
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thelesswellcoveredaspectsoftheWFDandthisdiscussioncanbefoundinsectiondealingwithGap Analysis(section3.8)below. MarineStrategyFrameworkDirective(MSFD)2008/56/EC LiketheWFDbeforeit,theMSFDaimstoachievegoodenvironmentalstatus(GES)oftheEU'smarine watersby20218andtoprotecttheresourcebaseuponwhichmarinerelatedeconomicandsocialactivities depend.ItestablishesfourEuropeanMarineRegionsonthebasisofgeographicalandenvironmental criteria.EachMemberStatecooperatingwithotherMemberStatesandnonEUcountrieswithinamarine regionarerequiredtodevelopstrategiesfortheirmarinewaters.KeyrequirementsoftheDirectiveare: Aninitialassessmentofthecurrentenvironmentalstatusofthewaters. AdetaileddescriptionofwhatGoodEnvironmentalStatusmeansforwaters,andassociatedtargets andindicators. EstablishmentofamonitoringprogrammetomeasureprogresstowardGoodEnvironmentalStatus. EstablishmentofaprogrammeofmeasuresforachievingGoodEnvironmentalStatus. Table31showsthatatotalof28projectshaveconsideredtheMSFDinsomeformorothersince2005.The majority(10projects)werein2009,oneyearaftertheDirectivewaslaunched(seeFigure21).Some projects,suchasLIFE06ENV/B/362ECOTECSTCtargetspecificpollutantsinthiscaseTBT(Tributyltin,a widelyusedantifoulingpaintandpersistentpollutantofmarinesystems)toachievegoodenvironmental status.AlthoughprincipallycontributingtotheobjectivesoftheCommonFisheriesPolicy(CFP),the pioneeringactionsofLIFE05ENV/E/267BEFair,aprojectwhichfocussedonreducingmarinewastestreams anddiscards,illustratedthestepsthatwillneedtobetakentocomplywiththeMSFD,asitprovided elementsofanintegratedapproachtothesustainablemanagementandgovernanceofestuarineareas. Theprojectfollowedtheecosystembasedapproach,andprovidedsolutionstocomplywiththeobjective ofimprovingtheecologicalstatusofallmarineareasintheforthcomingyears,alsointegratingeconomic considerations.Thiswasaverygoodexampleofthecompatibility(andpossiblysynergy)betweentheMFSD andtheCFP. SomeprojectssuchasLIFE08ENV/S/271WEBAPseektodevelophighlytechnicalsolutionstospecific problems,inthiscasethedevelopmentoftwodifferentmodelsofawaveactivatedaerationpumpdesigned tocombatoxygendepletioncausedbynutrientinputsandeutrophicationincoastalwaters.Othersaddress theneedtocleanupcoastalwaters(toachieveGES)throughraisingawarenessaboutprioritypollutants. OnesuchprojectisLIFE10INF/EE/108BaltInfoHaz,aprojectwhichaimstobuildontheexperiencegained throughthesuccessfulLIFE07ENV/EE/000122BaltActHaz(seesection3.1)bystrengtheningconsumer demandinthethreeBalticStatesforproductsfreeofhazardoussubstances.Thiswillbedonebychanging consumptionpatternsamongpilotstakeholdergroupsandthroughcommunicationoftheenvironmental messagetopolicymakersnationallyandinternationally. Finally,thereisagroupofNATprojectswhichdealwithaverydifferentaspectoftheMSFD,namely improvingconservationofaspeciesorgroupofspeciesandstrengtheningprotectedareanetworksbothin thecoastalareasandoffshore.In2009,asmallnumberofnewLIFEprojectsfocussedonthisaspectofthe MSFD.ProjectslikeLIFE09NAT/IT/190ARIONandLIFE09NAT/ES/534LifePosidoniaAndaluciaworkwitha singlespeciesandthemainobjectives,respectively,aretoimproveoftheconservationstatusofthe bottlenosedolphinintheMarineProtectedArea(MPA)ofPortofino,Italyandtoimprovetheconservation statusofPosidoniaoceanicameadowsinSpainsAndalusiaregion. A more ambitious project isLIFE09 NAT/LT/234DENOFLIT,thisfourandahalfyearprojectaimstoproduceaninventoryofmarinespeciesand habitatsforthedevelopmentofaNatura2000networkintheoffshorewatersofLithuania.
LIFEandthemarineenvironment.PromotingSustainableManagementofEuropesSeas.LIFEIIIFocusPublication.2006.
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Therecanbenodoubtthatprojectssuchasthesemakeasignificantcontributiontotheimplementationof theMSFD. IntegratedPollutionPreventionandControlDirective(IPPC),96/61/ECand2010/75/EU TheIPPCDirectiverequiresindustrialandagriculturalactivitieswithahighpollutionpotentialtohavea permit.Thispermitcanonlybeissuedifcertainenvironmentalconditionsaremet,sothatthecompanies themselvesbearresponsibilityforpreventingandreducinganypollutiontheymaycause.Furthermore, IPPCconcernsneworexistingindustrialandagriculturalactivitieswithahighpollutionpotential,asdefined inAnnexItotheDirective(energyindustries,productionandprocessingofmetals,mineralindustry, chemicalindustry,wastemanagement,livestockfarming,etc.).Itestablishesaprocedureforauthorising theseactivitiesandsetsminimumrequirementstobeincludedinallpermits,particularlyintermsof pollutantsreleased.Theaimistopreventorreducepollutionoftheatmosphere,waterandsoil,aswellas thequantitiesofwastearisingfromindustrialandagriculturalinstallations,toensureahighlevelof environmentalprotection. ExaminationofTable31showsthat12projectsaimedtocontributetotheIPPCinsomewaybetween2005 and2010.ThetrendgraphinFigure21showsthatthemajorityoftheseprojects(6inall)werefundedin the2005roundunderLIFEIIIandsoIPPC,atleastinthewatersector,isnotwellcoveredduringLIFE+.In general,LIFEprojectsassisttheIPPCbydevelopingnewtechnologiestoimprovewaterqualityeitherinthe industrialoragriculturalsectorstherebyaddressingsomeoftheissuesrelatedtobothpointsourceand nonpointsourcepollution.Clearlythereissomeadvantageinthedevelopmentofthesetechnologiesasit assiststheorganisationinthepermittingprocessunderIPPC. ThereareseveralgoodexamplesofwhereLIFEprojectshavedevelopednewtechnologies,suchasLIFE05 ENV/IT/846BATTLEwhichdevelopedademonstrationmethodology(treatmentplantremotelycontrolled byanexpertsystem)forefficientwastewaterreuseinthetextileindustry.Theprojectpromotedthe sustainableuseofwater,reinforcingandprovidingintegratedwatermanagementinlinewiththeWFDand theintegratedmethodologyprovidedaneffectivecontributiontotheapplicationoftheIPPCDirectiveand, enablingasustainableuseofthewaterincriticalindustrialsites,mayrepresentagoodmethodologyfor similarapproachesinotherindustrialsectors. Similarly, LIFE05ENV/E/302Ecodipteraimplementedamanagementmodelfortheecologicallysustainable treatmentofpigmanureintheRegionofLosSerranos,ValenciaSpainandtheLIFE05ENV/UK/121 PROMOTHEMBRdevelopedameansofprocesswaterrecyclingwithathermophilemembranebioreactor installationfortreatmentofhightemperaturewastewater,containingvaryingchemicaloxygendemands (CODs)withalmostzerowaste(sludge)production.Finally,theLIFE05ENV/D/182WAgriCoproject promotedwaterresourcesmanagementinagriculturethroughthecompilationandimplementationof programmesofmeasurestoreducediffusepollutionfromagriculture. LIFEprojectsassisttheimplementationoftheIPPCDirectivethroughthedevelopmentofspecific technologies.However,eventhemostsuccessfultechnologiesarerarelytransferredorreplicatedonawide scale.Thisisprobablybecausetheprojectproponentswishtoretaintheintellectualpropertyrights(IPR)of theproductandsotheinnovativesolutionshavetocompeteinthemarketplaceonacommercialbasis,or findadditionalfundingfromelsewheretocommercialisetheproduct. FloodsDirective2007/60/EC TheFloodsDirectiveaimistoreduceandmanagetherisksthatfloodsposetohumanhealth,the environment,culturalheritageandeconomicactivity.TheDirectiverequiredMemberStatestofirstcarry outapreliminaryassessmentby2011toidentifytheriverbasinsandassociatedcoastalareasatriskof flooding.Forsuchzonestheywouldthenneedtodrawupfloodriskmapsby2013andestablishfloodrisk managementplansfocusedonprevention,protectionandpreparednessby2015.TheDirectiveappliesto inlandwatersaswellasallcoastalwatersacrossthewholeterritoryoftheEU.
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TheanalysisinTable31showsthatonlyeightLIFEprojectsseektocontributetotheFloodsDirective. However,someoftheseprojects,likeLIFE06NAT/FIN/129KokemenjokiLIFEwhereattemptstoimprove wetlandhabitatforspecificbirdspeciesundertheHabitatsDirective,provideindirectbenefitsinreducing floodrisksbyincreasingwetlandareasandretainingfloodwaters. OtherprojectslikeLIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCAN(seesection3.1)weredesignedtoimplementthe Directivethroughactivelymappingthefloodriskareas.Similarly,LIFE08ENV/LV/451 HydroClimateStrategyRigawillmakeasignificantcontributiontotheimplementationoftheDirective throughthemappingofhydrologicalprocesses,thesubsequentdevelopmentofFloodRiskManagement PlansforRigaCityandincreasedawarenessofstakeholderstotherisksofflooding.Themainobjectiveof theprojectistocreatethenecessarymeanstoensurethathydrologicalprocessesintensifiedbyclimate changeinRigaareadequatelyinvestigatedandincorporatedinthecitysplanningsystem,thusmitigating theircurrentandfutureimpacttoeconomyandsociety,natureandbiodiversity,waterresourcesand humanhealth. ClearlytheHydroClimateStrategyRigaprojectalsorelatestotheClimateChangeStrategyasdoesLIFE07 ENV/S/908GreenClimeAdaptwhereanindustrialareainsoutheasternMalmowillhavebeenturnedintoa greenclimateadaptationareawithopenstormwatermanagementandenhancedbiodiversityand recreation.Thestormwatersystembuiltinthis45haprojectwillretain90%ofa10yearstormevent.If appliedataEuropeanscale,theriskoflocalfloodingcouldbedrasticallyreduced.Therunoffwaterwillbe cleanedbeforereachingtherecipientbysedimentationandfiltrationinpondsandotherretentionsystems. WhiletherearesomeexcellentexamplesofLIFEprojectsmakingvaluablecontributionstotheFloods Directiveitisdisappointingthattherearenotmoreprojectsdealingwiththisimportanttopic,particularlyin relationtofloodriskmappingandthedevelopmentofmanagementplans. 3.2.2. PollutionControl ThecontributionofallLIFEprojectstodirectivesdealingwithpollutioncontrolovertheperiod2005through 2010isillustratedinFigure22.TheLIFEportfoliohasbeendominatedbyprojectsconsideringtheUWWT, NitratesandDischargeofPollutionDirectivesaveragingbetween4and5projectsfundedperdirectiveonan annualbasis.TheGroundwaterDirectivehasverylowsupportthroughoutbutdoesshowagradualincrease from2005to2010.Itisnotcertainwhetherthisisduetoalackofapplicationsunderthisstrandorwhether applicationsaremadebutareunsuccessful.TheEQSstrandisprobablythearealeastcoveredbyLIFE projects,withonlytwoprojectsevenmentioningthedirective. UrbanWasteWaterTreatmentDirective91/271/EEC TheUWWTDirective(91/271/ECE)isoneofthemostcostlypiecesofEUlegislationtoimplement.Itsets requirementsforpretreatmentofindustrialwastewaterenteringcollectingsystemsandthedisposalof sewagesludge.TheDirectiverequiresallurbanareaswiththeequivalentofmorethan2,000inhabitantsto conductatleastsecondary(biological)treatmentoftheirwastewater.Forthoseinsensitiveareas,orthose withmorethan10,000inhabitants,morestringenttreatmentisrequired. AnnexIIoftheDirectiverequiresMemberStatestodrawuplistsofsensitiveandlesssensitiveareaswhich receivethetreatedwaters.Theselistsmustbeupdatedregularly.MemberStatesareresponsiblefor monitoringdischargesfromtreatmentplantsandthestatusofthereceivingwaters.Theymustensurethat thecompetentnationalauthoritiespublishasituationreporteverytwoyearsandsendittotheCommission. MemberStatesmustalsosetupnationalprogrammesfortheimplementationoftheUWWTDirective.The DirectivetimetableindicatesthatallMSshouldhavefulfilledtheirobligationsbyDecember2005.Themain 9 requirementsaredescribedinArticles3,4and5oftheDirective. Despitethis,Table31showsthat
COMMISSIONSTAFFWORKINGPAPER6thCommissionSummaryontheImplementationoftheUrbanWasteWaterTreatmentDirectiveSEC(2011)1561
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significantnumbersofprojectsfeaturingWasteWaterTreatmentarestillbeingfundedthroughLIFE.Infact therewerenineprojectsfundedasrecentlyas2008,whichimpliesthatthereisstillworktobedoneto achieveGES. Ofthe28LIFEprojectscontributingtotheUWWT(seeTable31)over20focussedonprovidingnew technicalsolutionsforthetreatmentofwastewater.Therearenumerousexamplesrangingfromthe developmentofBestAvailableTechnique(BAT)forwaterreuseintextileSMEs(LIFE05ENV/IT/846BATTLE) totheimprovedtreatmentofstormwater(LIFE05ENV/IT/000894ESTRUS).Severalprojectsfunded between2005and2007developednewmembranefiltrationtechniquestoimprovewaterpurification; examplesareLIFE05ENV/IT/868PERBIOF,LIFE07ENV/IT/439PURIFASTandLIFE05ENV/UK/121PROMOTHE MBR. By2008,projectswereaspiringtomorecomplexobjectiveswithconceptsdesignedtolinkimprovedwaste watertreatmenttoalternativewaterusesinsemiaridregions,therebyaddressingresourceefficiency agendasaswellassimplewastewatertreatment(e.g.LIFE08ENV/GR/551PURE).Themainobjectiveofthe LIFE08ENV/P/237WW4ENVIRONMENTprojectwastoimplementanoptimisingtoolforthemanagementof wastewatertreatmentfacilities,usingoperationalandenergyconsumptiondatatodetermineandminimize thecarbonfootprintofWasteWaterTreatmentPlants(WWTP).ThishelpedtoachieveboththeEUs environmentalimpactandenergyefficiencyobjectives..TheSpanishprojectLIFE08ENV/E/118GREENLYSIS lookedattheproductionofhydrogenandoxygenviaelectrolysispoweredbyrenewableenergiestoreduce theenvironmentalfootprintofaWWTP. Paradoxically,the2009and2010projectsappearlargelytoreverttothedevelopmentoftechniquesfor wastewatertreatment,albeitwithrefinementssuchasultrafiltationmembranetechnology(LIFE09 ENV/ES/467UFTEC)andremovalofdifferenttypesofpollutionloadsuchasvolatileorganiccompounds (VOCs)(LIFE09ENV/FI/568VOClesswastewater). Throughouttheperiod20052010asteadynumberofLIFEprojectshavefocussedonpioneeringtechniques suchasultrasoundtreatment(LIFE05ENV/F/67SOUNDSLUDGE),thermocatalyticlowtemperature conversiontechniques(LIFE06ENV/D/458LOTECOTEC)andpyrogasificiation(LIFE08ENV/F/489PYROBIO)for reducingandremovingsludgeinwastewaterandsewagetreatmentplants.Otherprojects,suchasLIFE06 ENV/D/460SLUDGE2ENERGY,dealtwithwastepreventionthroughsewagesludgereuseforefficientenergy generationinwastewatertreatmentplants. AstheprincipalactivitiesoftheUWWTDirectiveshouldalreadyhavebeenmetbytheMemberStatesby 2005itisdifficulttoseehowtheprojects,whichareclearlylinkedtoimprovedwastewatertreatment,could actuallyassistimplementation.However,althoughthetechnologyshouldneverstandstillandthatsomeof theadvancementsmadeviaLIFEprojectswillundoubtedlycontributefurthertoimprovedwastewater treatmenttheycannolongerbesaidtolinkdirectlytopolicyimplementationintermsoftheUWWT Directive.Theinnovativeadvancesin2008,whereprojectswerelinkedwithotherdirectives,weremore appropriateintermsofpolicyimplementationanditisapitythattheseweresopoorlyrepresentedin subsequentyears.TheoneremainingpartoftheUWWTDirectivethatrequiresimplementationisthe monitoringphase.AlthoughthisisanareathatwouldbewellsuitedtoLIFEprojectsnoprojectsdealing withmonitoringcouldbeidentifiedfromthedata. NitratesDirective91/676/EEC TheNitratesDirectiveisoneoftheoldestwaterdirectivesanditwillsoonberepealedbytheWFD.Its principalaimistopreventnitratesfromagriculturalsourcesfromaffectinggroundandsurfacewaters.It requiresMemberStatesto(1)detectwatersthatarealreadyaffectedorlikelytobeaffectedbynitrate pollution,(2)designateallthoseareasthatdrainintowatersthatarepollutedasvulnerablezones,(3) developactionprogrammeswithinthevulnerablezones,and(4)monitorandassesstheactionprogrammes andrevisethemasneededtoachievetheDirectivesgoals.MemberStatesmustestablishcodesofgood agriculturalpracticetobeimplementedbyfarmersonavoluntarybasis.Theactionprogrammesfor
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vulnerablezonesmustincludemeasuressetoutinthecodesofgoodpracticeandthoseneededtolimitthe applicationofanynitrogenousfertiliserstosoils,whichmayrequireinvestinginlivestockmanurestorage facilities. TheimplementationoftheNitratesDirectiveiscarriedoutinanumberofstages.MemberStatesare requiredto: Identifysurfacewaterandgroundwateraffectedbypollutionoratriskofbeingso; Designatevulnerablezones; Establishacodeofgoodagriculturalpracticetobeimplementedbyfarmersonavoluntarybasis; Setupcompulsoryactionprogrammestobeimplementedbyallfarmerswhoworkinvulnerablezones. TheNitratesDirectiveismuchmoreflexiblethantheUWWTDirective,givingspaceforvoluntaryschemes andvariabilitywiththeultimateaimofestablishinggoodagriculturalpractices.Table31showsthatatotal of25LIFEprojectsfocussedontheimplementationoftheNitratesDirectiveandFigure22showsthatthe majorityoftheseprojectswerefundedin2005underLIFEIII(7projects)andin2010(8projects).The2005 projectswereevenlysplitbetweenthenorthernandsouthernMemberStatesbutthemajorityofthe2010 projectswereinsouthernMemberStateswithSpain,Italy,GreeceandMaltafeaturingintheportfolio.Some oftheseareanalysedindetailinChapter4. Overalltheprojectsfallintothreebroadcategories: Thosethatrelyonthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies; Thosethatdevelopalternativecultivationpractices;and Thosethatprovideamanagementsolution. AmongtheinnovativeprojectsprovidingnewtechnicalsolutionsareLIFE05ENV/GR/245EnviFriendly,a projectwhichdevelopedenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologiesforruraldevelopment;LIFE05ENV/UK/137 NITRABARwhichdevelopedamultibarrierfordiffusepollutionfromagriculturalsystems;LIFE06ENV/F/158 ISONITRATEwhichdevelopedisotopicmonitoringandsonochemicaltechnologiesfortheimproved managementofnitratepollutioninwater;LIFE05ENV/E/289FERTIGREENwheretheprojectdemonstrated thetechnicalviabilityoftheuseofgasificationofirrigationwater(althoughtheeffectivenessofthegas injectionintoirrigationwater(fertirrigation)systemtoreducenitratecontaminationwasnotassuccessfulas expected).TheLIFE08ENV/GR/570HydroSenseprojectdevelopedandimplementedasitespecific managementsystemforreducingirrigationandchemicalinputstosoilandgroundwater.Inparticular, variablerateirrigationreducedwaterconsumptionby20%incomparisonwithuniformirrigationand variableratefertilisationreducednitratepollutionby20%andpesticide/herbicideinputsby50%. PossiblythemostinterestingtechnologicaldevelopmentswillbedemonstratedbytwoItalian2010projects whicharebothexploringtheuseofzeolitetoreducenitratepollution.Morethan50%ofnaturalzeolitic rocksconsistofzeolites,agroupofmineralswithspecialphysicalandchemicalproperties,suchashighand selectivecationexchangecapacity(CEC),molecularadsorptionandreversibledehydration.Zeolitescantake upammonium(NH4),whichisfoundinfertilisers,andreleaseitataslowenoughratethatitcanbe absorbedbytherootsofplantsratherthanbedispersedingroundwater.LIFE10ENV/IT/347UNIZEOis developingureabasednitrogenousfertilizerscoatedwithzeolitewhichtheyhopewillsignificantlyreduce pollutionduetonitrogen.LIFE10ENV/IT/321ZeoLIFEaimstoexploitthezeoliticcyclebyadoptingan integratedapproachthatreducesthenitrogencontentinlivestockeffluentsandagriculturalsoils,and improvestheyieldandeconomicefficiencyofirrigationwaterandfertilisers,thusreducingpollutionoffresh waterandgroundwaterandoverexploitationofwaterresources.Boththeseprojectsareataveryearlystage anditwillbeinterestingtomaptheirdevelopmentandassesstheapplicabilityofthemethodtoother
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regionswithzeoliticformations10. Manyofthemorerecentprojectshavepioneeredmethodsforalternativecultivationofsoilsorhaveutilised alternativemethodsofcleaningupnitratepollution.Onesuchproject,LIFE09ENV/ES/431CREAMAguawill becreatingandrestoringnaturalecosystemstructuresofwetlandsandriverbankforeststoreduceinorganic nutrientsnitratesandphosphatesandsaltsfromagriculturalrunoffandimprovethebiodiversityin agriculturalareasdegradedbyintensiveagriculturaluse,intheareaoftheFlumenbasininSpain.InPoland, projectLIFE08ENV/PL/519EKOROBwillconstructecotonestoimprovewaterqualityintheSulejowski Reservoirand,asaninnovativeelement,theprojectwillincludedenitrificationwallsthatformabarrierto nitratesfromnonpointsourceagriculturalareasaswellasareaswithoutsewersystems.Inthewall, groundwaterpollutedwithnitratesflowsthroughasawdustfilledditchsituatedverticallytothedirectionof theflowingwater.Inanoxygenfreeenvironment,theprocessofdenitrificationtakesplace,inwhich nitrogencompoundsareremovedfromwatertotheatmosphere. Thereareseveral2009and2010projectswherealternativeagriculturalpracticesarebeingtrialledinan efforttoreducenitrogenandphosphorusinputsfromlivestock,throughamendmentstoanimaldiets(asin LIFE09ENV/IT/208AQUA),oronarablefarmsthroughchangesinthewaythatfertilizersareused.APolish project(LIFE10ENV/PL/661Biorewit)aimstoreducesoilandwaterpollutionthroughthegradual replacementofmineralfertiliserswithnewsoilecoactivatorsthetargetisatleasta20%decreasein mineralnutrientemissionsfromgreenhouseproductiontogroundwater.WhileaBelgianprojectLIFE10 ENV/BE/699DEMETERaimstoachieveahigherlevelofsoilorganicmatterinFlemishandDutchagricultural soilstherebydecreasingthenutrientloadintheenvironment.AGreekprojectLIFE10ENV/GR/594 WASTEREUSEisdevelopingbestpracticeguidanceforrecyclingofagriculturalwastesintheMediterranean regionbyrecyclingnutrientsandwater. Finally,LIFEprojectsalsoaddresstheimplementationoftheNitratesDirectivethroughchangingagricultural orwatermanagementregimes.Anumberofprojectshavedevelopedmanagementmodelsasatoolto reducenitratepollution.LIFE05ENV/E/302Ecodipterasuccessfullyimplementedamanagementmodelfor theecologicallysustainabletreatmentofpigmanureintheRegionofLosSerranos,ValenciaSpainand LIFE09ENV/RO/612CLEANWATERprojectintendstodevelop,attheriverbasinscale,anintegratedwater managementsystemtoidentifywatersunderthreatanddesignatenitratevulnerablezones.Thebeneficiary willdevelopthemanagementsystembasedontheStrahlerstreammodelofsurfacewaterflowand pollutiontransportationandtheRiverModellingSystem(RMS),whichcomputesthetransferofnutrientsin groundwatersystems.Thesystemwillcontainsoftwarecapableofcalculatingtheenvironmentalimpactof activitiesandchanges.Anotherproject(LIFE09ENV/FI/000569GISBLOOM)intendstodevelopawebbased mappingservicewithinteractiveportal(LakeWiki)aimedatfacilitatingparticipatoryriverbasin management. DischargeofPollutionDirective76/464/EEC;80/68/EEC;06/11/EC TheDirective76/464/EEConpollutioncausedbycertaindangeroussubstancesdischargedintotheaquatic environmentoftheCommunitywasoneofthefirstwaterrelateddirectivestobeadopted.Ithadthe ambitiousobjectiveofregulatingpotentialaquaticpollutionbythousandsofchemicalsalreadyproducedin Europeatthattime.TheDirectivecovereddischargestoinlandsurfacewaters,territorialwaters,inland coastalwatersandgroundwater.In1980theprotectionofgroundwaterwastakenoutof76/464/EECand regulatedundertheseparateCouncilDirective80/68/EEC(1)ontheprotectionofgroundwateragainst pollutioncausedbycertaindangeroussubstances.Directive76/464/EEChassincebeencodifiedas06/11/EC. ThisDirectivewillberepealedbytheWaterFrameworkDirectivefromtheendof2013. TheDischargeofPollutionDirectiveintroducedtheconceptofListIandListIIsubstances,whichwerelisted intheAnnextotheDirective.ThepurposeoftheDirectiveistoeliminatepollutionfromListIsubstances
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Therearebetween40and50Zeoliteswhicharenaturallyoccurringmineralsformedwhenvolcanicmagmaandashmeetswithseawater
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andtoreducepollutionfromListIIsubstances. Aswithotherdirectives,LIFEprojectsprovidevaluabletechnologicalsolutionstoreducingoreliminating dangeroussubstancesinwaterandTable31indicatesthatsome20projectshaveconsideredthedangerous substancesdirectivesoverthelast6years.TheHungarianprojectLIFE05ENV/H/418SUMANASdevelopeda complexwatertreatmenttechnologytoremovemethane,ammoniaandarsenicfromgroundwaterandthe LIFE07ENV/B/22BACadprojectisdevelopingafullscalebioaugmentationtechniqueforthecosteffective remediationofvolatiletoxicandcarcinogenicorganochlorinecompounds.IncontrasttheEstonianproject LIFE07ENV/EE/122BaltActHazisdirectlytargetingthereductionofdangeroussubstancesenteringtheBaltic SeabyaseriesofmeasuresdesignedtoraiseawarenessintheBalticStatesandprovidemanagementtools tosupportbetterdecisionmakingbythestakeholders.ASwedishprojectLIFE09ENV/SE/351MarePurumis developinganantifoulingalternativetoTBTbasedpaintsforuseintheshippingindustry. Groundwater2006/118/EC ThisDirectiveestablishesaregimewhichsetsundergroundwaterqualitystandardsandintroducesmeasures topreventorlimitinputsofpollutantsintogroundwater.TheDirectiveestablishesqualitycriteriathattakes intoaccountlocalcharacteristicsandallowsforfurtherimprovementstobemadebasedonmonitoringdata andnewscientificknowledge.TheDirectivethusrepresentsaproportionateandscientificallysound responsetotherequirementsoftheWaterFrameworkDirectiveasitrelatestoassessmentsonchemical statusofgroundwaterandtheidentificationandreversalofsignificantandsustainedupwardtrendsin pollutantconcentrations.MemberStateswillhavetoestablishthestandardsatthemostappropriatelevel andtakeintoaccountlocalorregionalconditions.TheGroundwaterDirectiverequires: Groundwaterqualitystandardstobeestablishedbytheendof2008; Pollutiontrendstudiestobecarriedoutbyusingexistingdataanddatawhichismandatorybythe WFD(referredtoas"baselinelevel"dataobtainedin20072008); Pollutiontrendstobereversedsothatenvironmentalobjectivesareachievedby2015byusingthe measuressetoutintheWFD; MeasurestopreventorlimitinputsofpollutantsintogroundwatertobeoperationalsothatWFD environmentalobjectivescanbeachievedby2015; Reviewsoftechnicalprovisionsofthedirectivetobecarriedoutin2013andeverysixyears thereafter; Compliancewithgoodchemicalstatuscriteria(basedonEUstandardsofnitratesandpesticidesand onthresholdvaluesestablishedbyMemberStates). Table31indicatesthat14LIFEprojectshavecontributedtotheGroundwaterDirectiveandseveralofthese arefeaturedinChapter4ofthisreport,thusdemonstratingthatthisisanareawhereLIFEprojectsexcelin helpingtoimplementthelegislationinavarietyofdifferentpracticalways.OneareawhereLIFEprojects contributeagreatdealisinassessingandmodellingrisktoaquifers.TheSlovenianprojectLIFE07 ENV/SLO/725INCOMEexemplifieshowriskregisterscanbedevelopedfromintegratingprecisespatialdata onaquifercharacteristics(geologyandhydrology),pollutionsourcesandgroundwaterqualitystatusintoa GISenvironment.Thisinformationisthenusedtodevelopdifferentmodelsofgroundwaterflow,risk assessmentinimpactzonesandprobabilityassessmentsofaccidentalpollution.TheLIFE08ENV/D/021 MAGPlanisdevelopingtwoinnovativetechnologiesandasuiteofmodellingtoolstopreventthreatsfrom pointsourcesonthegoodchemicalstatusofgroundwaterinurbanareas. OtherLIFEprojectsprovideinnovativesolutionsfordirectlyreducinginputsofpollutantstogroundwater. TheLIFE09ENV/B/407VOPAKEXPERO3willdemonstratetheapplicabilityofaninsituchemicaloxidation techniquefortheremediationofsoilandgroundwatercontaminatedwithacocktailoforganiccontaminants inveryhighconcentrationsatanexplosionsensitivesite.TheGreekprojectLIFE10ENV/GR/601CHARMwill demonstratedifferenttechnologiesfortheremediationofgroundwaterbodieswithhighconcentrationsof Cr(III)andCr(VI).
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EQSDirective2008/105/EC ThisDirectivelaysdownenvironmentalqualitystandards(EQS)forprioritysubstancesandcertainother pollutantsasprovidedforinArticle16oftheWFD.Theaimistoachievegoodsurfacewaterchemicalstatus, inaccordancewiththeobjectivesspecifiedinarticle4oftheWFD.TheEQSsetsoutstandardsfor: Freshwaterinrespectofpollutioncontrol;freshwaterquality/freshwaterpollution;surfacewater; effluentwastewater/discharge;hazardoussubstances;and Marinewatersinrespectofpollutioncontrol;marinepollution;marinepollution(landbasedsources); effluentwastewater/discharge;hazardoussubstances. ThisDirectiveisnotwellservedbytheLIFEprogrammealthoughthereasonforthisisnotclear.Table31 showsthatonlytwoprojectsrefertotheEQSDirectiveandbothprojectsareprimarilyconsideringdifferent directiveswiththeEQSasvalueaddedprojectbenefits.TheFinnishprojectLIFE08ENV/FIN/609CATERMASS aimstodevelopclimatechangeadaptationtoolsfortheFinnishRiverBasinDistrictstomitigateimpactsof increasedleachingofacidityandassociatedmetalsfromacidsulphatesoilsdrainedforagricultureand forestry.Theprojectimplementationincludesmappingandriskclassificationmethodsforacidsulphatesoils andtheconstructionofprototypetestingfieldswhichincludesubsurfacecontrolleddrainagesystems, pumpingsystems,tailoredcroppingandcultivationschemes.Althoughtheprimarylegislationconsideredis theWFD,theacidsulphatesoilscontainhighconcentrationsofcadmiumwhichisoneoftheEQSDirective prioritysubstancemetals.Astheprojectmovesintoitsfinalyeartheinfrastructurestagehasbeen completedandtheinitialresultsofthemitigationmethodologiesarepromising.Theprojectwillproduce technicalguidancedocumentssothattheprojectoutcomescanbereproducedinotherareaswhereacid sulphatesoilsareproblematic. Themainobjectiveoftheproject,LIFE10ENV/ES/521AQUATIK,isthedevelopmentandvalidationofan advancedmonitoringsystemforcontroloforganicprioritypollutantsintreatedwastewatereffluents.The projectenvironmentalbenefitsrefertothequalityofsurfacewaterandspecificallytotheEQSDirective.Itis developingandvalidatinganadvancedsystemforcontroloforganicprioritypollutantsintreatedwastewater effluentthroughtheuseofacosteffectivesmarttoolcapableofdetectingandquantifyingpollution.The smarttoolwillbedrivenbyselectedinnovativetechnologiessuchasautomaticonlineconcentratorsand biosensorstodetectpollutants. 3.2.3. AquaticOrganisms FreshWatersDirective2006/44/EC TheDirectiveaimstoensurethatfishpopulationslivinginwatercoursesandlakesareprotectedand, accordingly,itlaysdownqualitycriteriawhichapplytodesignatedwaters.MemberStatesareexpectedto complywiththesecriteriainordertoreduceoreliminatepollutionandtoallowvariousfreshwaterfish speciestobemaintainedatbalancedlevels.TheDirectivecoversrunningorstandingfreshwaterswhich support,orcouldbecomecapableofsupporting,fishinsufficientnumberstomaintainanaturalbalanceand diversity.UndertheDirectivetheMemberStatesarerequiredtodesignatethefreshwaterswhicharetobe consideredsuitableforfishbreeding.Thesearesubdividedintotwocategories: Salmonidwaters:waterswhichsupportorbecomecapableofsupportingfishbelongingto speciessuchassalmon,trout,graylingorwhitefish;and Cyprinidwaters:waterswhichsupportorbecomecapableofsupportingfishbelongingtothe cyprinidsorotherspeciessuchaspike,perchandeel. TheDirectiverequiresMemberStatestoestablish5yearprogrammestoreducepollutionorimprovethe qualityofdesignatedwatersandsetlimitsforpollutants.TheDirectivedetermines: Physicalandchemicalparametersapplyingtodesignatedsalmonidandcyprinidwaters; Guidevaluesandmandatoryvalues;
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Methodsofanalysisorinspection;and Minimumsamplingandmeasuringfrequency.
AstheDirectiveprotectsfishpopulationitisnotsurprisingthatLIFENATprojectsfocusmoreon implementingthisDirectivethanonotherwaterrelatedpolicy.Table31showsthat18LIFEprojectshave focussedonimprovingthestatusoffreshwaterandFigure32showsthatbyfarthehighestproportionof thesewereLIFENATprojects. Onexamination,the18LIFEprojectsexclusivelydealwithissuesconcerningtheoptimumphysical requirementsfordesignatedsalmonidandcyprinidwater.Someprojectsalsodealinalimitedwaywith chemicalimprovementsandsomehavedevelopedmonitoringprogrammes. Figure32: RelativeProportionofLIFEProjectsAddressingDirectivesRelatingtoAquaticOrganisms
Theimplementationofthemajorityofprojectsisbasedaroundfourmainobjectivesi)restorationworkson degradedhabitatsii)physicalchangesinrivermorphologyiii)removalofobstaclestoimproveconnectivity andiv)changesinagrosilviculturepracticesinriparianzones.Asaconsequenceawidevarietyofriver restorationtechniqueshavebeencarriedoutbyLIFEprojectsthroughouttheMemberStates.OneUK projectLIFE09INF/UK/032RESTOREisnowcompilinginformationonbestpracticesinriverrestorationwhich willactasguidanceforfutureLIFEandnonLIFEprojectsworkingtowardsimplementingtheWater FrameworkDirective. AsignificantnumberofLIFEprojectsdealwithhabitatimprovementsfortheAtlanticsalmon(Salmosalar) andlampreyspecies.LIFE05NAT/D/057LippeAuerestoredthenaturalriverandfloodplaindynamicsto increasehabitatfortheAtlanticsalmonandtheriverlamprey(Lampetrafluviatilis).Theprojectsuccessfully restoredthehydrologyof17kmofriverandwithineightmonthsatotalof8,000fishof29specieswere recorded.LIFE05NAT/B/090LifeGroteNetealsorestoredriverhydrologyforlampreyspeciesandLIFE05 NAT/UK/143STREAMrestoredsuitablehydrologyforAtlanticsalmonandlampreyspecies Someprojectsareextremelyambitiousintheirproposalsfortheremovalofobstructions,forexamplethe DanishprojectLIFE05NAT/DK/153Houtingsuccessfullydecommissionedtwohydroelectricpowerstations thatwerecausingobstructionsformigratinghouting(Coregonusoxyrhynchus).Whileotherprojects,LIFE06 ENV/D/485MoveableHEPP,seekalternativesolutionstoobstructionsthroughtheinstallationofmoveable hydropowerinstallationsallowingtheupstreamanddownstreammigrationoffishspecies(seesection3.6 foramoredetailedanalysisoftheseprojects).
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Alongsidethemorphologicalchangestotheriverhabitatsseveralprojectshavealsomadesignificant improvementsinriparianzonesandasaconsequencewaterqualityisimproved.Thetechniquesusedto bringabouttheseimprovementsarerarelyinnovativebuttheyareeffectiveandgenerallyeithertarget removalofnonnativewoodlandspecies,thinningofdensevegetationonriverbankstoprovidedappled shadeandchangesinlivestockmanagementtolimitaccessalongtheriverbanksandsopreventexcessive siltationintheriver.SuchpracticesarebeingsuccessfullyemployedinLIFE07NAT/IRL/342 IShannonSACLAEOaprojectwhichisrestoringasectionofaNatura2000riverforsalmonandlampreyusing instreamhabitatrestorationandriparianmanagementtoimprovewaterquality.Theprojectreliesheavily onthecooperationandinvolvementoflocalfarmerstobringaboutchangesinlivestockmanagementinthe riparianzoneandreducesiltationinthewatercolumnandontheriverbed. Mostprojectscombinetherestorationtechniquesandwaterqualityimprovementswithsomeformof monitoringtoassesstheeffectivenessoftheinterventionsintermsoftargetfishspecies.However,one project,LIFE08NAT/UK/201ISACisusingamoreinnovativeapproachbymonitoringwaterqualityusing diatomassemblages.Diatomcommunitiesrespondrapidlytochangesinwaterchemistryandcanbeusedas anindicatorofimprovingwaterqualitybeforechangesareseeninthefishpopulations. ShellfishWatersDirective2006/113/EC TheaimoftheShellfishWatersDirectiveistoprotectorimproveshellfishwaterstosupportshellfishlifeand growth.Itisdesignedtoprotecttheaquatichabitatofbivalveandgastropodmolluscs,whichinclude oysters,mussels,cockles,scallopsandclams.TheDirectiverequiresMemberStatestodesignatewatersthat needprotectioninordertosupportshellfishlifeandgrowthandsetsphysical,chemicalandmicrobiological requirementsthatthewatersmusteithercomplywithorendeavourtoimprove.TheDirectiveprovidesfor theestablishmentofpollutionreductionprogrammesfordesignatedwaters.Itonlyappliestocoastaland brackishwatersandtothosespeciesthatareedible. Table31showsthatonlyoneLIFEprojectcontributedtotheshellfishDirectiveandFigure32showsthatit camefromtheLIFEENVstrand.TheFrenchprojectLIFE06ENV/F/136MARECLEAN,aimedtoimprovewater qualityin12designatedmussel/oysterproductionareas.Althoughattheendoftheprojecttherewasa significantimprovementinwaterqualityatmostdesignatedareastheprojectdidnotentirelymeetthe objectivesbecausenotallthesitesfullycompliedwiththeDirective.Itisquitepossiblethatanumberof otherLIFEprojectsthatdealwithcoastalpollutioncanalsohavesomeinfluenceonshellfishareasalthough nonearespecificallystated. 3.2.4. HumanHealth DrinkingWaterDirective98/83/EC TheobjectiveoftheDrinkingWaterDirectiveistoprotectthehealthofconsumersintheEuropeanUnion andtomakesurethatwateriswholesomeandclean.Itsetsstandardsfor48microbiologicalandchemical parametersthatmustbemonitoredandtestedregularly.InprincipleWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO) guidelinesfordrinkingwaterareusedasabasisforthestandardsintheDirective.It: Setsqualitystandardsfordrinkingwaterqualityatthetap(microbiological,chemicalandorganoleptic parameters)andthegeneralobligationthatdrinkingwatermustbewholesomeandclean. ObligesMemberStatestoregularmonitoringofdrinkingwaterqualityandtoprovidetoconsumers adequateanduptodateinformationontheirdrinkingwaterquality. Table31indicatesthatthereareeightLIFEENVprojectswhichmayhaveadirectlinktotheDirective, althoughitmustbesaidthatthemajorityofthesedonotspecificallycitetheDirectiveandthereby indirectlyimprovedrinkingwaterqualitymainlythroughactivitiesrelatedtotheWFDortheGroundwater Directive.OnesuchprojectisLIFE07ENV/SLO/725INCOMEinSloveniawhichisaddressinggroundwater pollutionintheLjubljanaareathroughchemicalanalysisandhydrologicalmonitoringbutwillhavelongterm socioeconomicbenefitsintermsofmorehealthydrinkingwaterandahigherawarenessoftheimportance
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ofunpollutedgroundwater.Similarly,theFrenchprojectLIFE07ENV/F/173SEMEAUdoesnotspecifically refertotheDirectivebuthasoneactionwhichestablishesastrategyfortrappingphosphorousfromfarming activitiesintheSaintEtiennearea.Thisactionincludesthepreparationofguidelinesfortheprotectionof drinkingwatersupplydrainsduetobecompletedinApril2012.ThePolishprojectLIFE08ENV/PL/519 EKOROBisdevelopingaphytoremediationmethodforreductionofnonpointsourcepollutiontoimprove waterqualityintheSulejowskiReservoirusedasasourceofdrinkingwater. OneofthefewprojectsthatiscontributingtotheimplementationoftheDirective,butagainindirectly,is LIFE09ENV/IT/056WIZwhichaimstousespatialmappingtodeliverfuturedrinkingwatermanagement conditionstoadapttoclimatechange.Theprojectservicesincludeintegratingandprojectingexisting informationaboutdrinkingwaterdemandtrends,infrastructurecapacity,investmentcostsandclimate changeimpactsonwaterresources.TheresultswillbemadeavailabletoplanningauthoritiesinItaly. BathingWaterDirective2006/7/EC ResearchintobathingwaterandhumanhealthsincetheoriginalDirectivesintroductionin1976hasledto thedevelopmentoftherevisedBathingWaterDirective(2006/7/EC),whichwillbeimplementedinstagesup to2015,whentheoriginalDirectivewillberepealed.TherevisedDirectiveusestwoparameterstoassess waterquality,Escherichiacoliandintestinalenterococci,usingafouryeardatasetforeachsetofresults, andsetsmuchtighterstandardsthantheoriginalDirective. Therewillbefourclassificationcategories:Excellent(approximatelytwiceasstringentasthecurrent Guidelinestandard);Good(similartothecurrentGuideline);Sufficient(approximatelytwiceasstringentas thecurrentMandatorystandard)andPoor,forwaterswhichdonotcomplywiththeDirectivesstandards. Therewillbeanewrequirementforinformationaboutwaterqualityandpotentialsourcesofpollutionat bathingwaterstobeprovidedonsignsandviatheinternet.Regularreviewsofthelistofbathingwaterswill becarriedoutandthepublicwillbeencouragedtoparticipateinthereview. KeydatesfortheintroductionoftherevisedDirectiveare: OnlyoneLIFEENVprojectactuallycontributedtotheimplementationofthisDirective.LIFE06ENV/F/136 MARECLEANwasspecificallydesignedtoreducemicrobialpollutiondischargetocoastalwaters.The objectiveforthe40kmofcoastlinecoveredbytheprojectwastoreducethenumberofbathingsitesrated sufficientaccordingtotheDirectivefrom5to2areasandfrom3to0forthoseratedpoor.Attheendof theprojectbathingwaterqualityhadimprovedbutnottothetargetedextent.However,thewaterquality modellingshowedthattheprojecttargetswouldbemetby20122015thankstotheimplementationofthe overallprojectactions.Themainsourcesofcoastalpollutionwerefoundtobei)fromnonpointsources comingfromcoastalriversduetocattlefarmingandii)asubstantialimpactfromtheoverflowofsewage afterheavyrainfall.Theprojectdevelopedariskbasedassessmenttooltoreducestormwateroverflow (whichhasbeenadoptedbythelocalauthorities)andintroducedbettercattlemanagementprocedureson twosensitiverivers. 2012:Signsmustbeinplaceatallbathingwatersbythebeginningofthebathingseason. 2014:FinalbathingwaterreportusingthestandardsofthecurrentDirective 2015:Firstsetofclassificationsusingthenewparameterswillbepublished,basedonthedataset commencedin2012 2016:Thecurrentbathingwaterclassificationwillbedisplayedusingstandardsymbolsthatwillbe inusethroughouttheEuropeanUnion.
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OtherHumanHealthRelatedProjectsnotcoveredbytheDWDorBWD TherearetwoinnovativeLIFEENVprojectswhichbringpositivebenefitsforhumanhealthwhilst contributingtoeithertheUWWTorWFDDirectivesobjectives.TheSpanishprojectLIFE07ENV/E/794 TEXLEGIOdesigned,developed,installedandtestedapilotplant thatcombinesthetechnologiesofozoneandUVradiationtooffer atechnicallyviablesolutionfortheeliminationofLegionella bacteriafromsurfacewaterusedtosupplyatriskequipmentor LIFE07ENV/NL/576 transferredinaircurrents.Thenewtechnologyiscomparable PHARMAFILTER withcurrenttreatmentsusingchlorinationbasedpreventionand controlsystemsaswellasbeingmuchmoreeffective,saferand moreenvironmentallyacceptable. TheDutchprojectLIFE07ENV/NL/576PHARMAFILTERdeveloped aninnovativewasteandwastewatermanagementconceptfor hospitals,whichareamajorsourceofwastewatercontaining humanwastewhichisfurthercontaminatedbymedicineresidues andendocrinedisruptors.IntheNetherlandsalonearound130 ThePHARMAFILTERunit hospitalsdischarge20%ofthiswastematerialwhilethe7million establishedinthehospital householdscontributetheremaining80%.Themedicineresidues includesawastewater andendocrinedisruptorsarenoteffectivelytreatedby treatmentunitusinga conventionalwastewatertreatmentprocesses. membranebioreactor(MBR) 3.3. MeansofIntervention Arguably,allLIFEprojectsaspiretoassistwiththeimplementation ofoneormoredirectivesastheanalysisinSection3.1clearly demonstrates.Itis,however,truetosaythatformanyprojects preciselyhowtheycontributetopolicyisnotasclearlydefinedas perhapsitcouldbe.Manyprojects,whereimprovementinwater qualityisanobjective,tendtousetheWFDasacatchall directiveandoftenfailtoelaboratespecificlinksbetweenthe projectandthepolicy. Inanefforttoexplorehowprojectsinterveneintermsofpolicy intervention,the197projectswerefurtherscreenedtoassessthe methodsandmeansfordeliveringtheproject.Thisledto breakingdownprojectsintothefollowingactionareas: Developmentofnew/innovativetechnologies. Demonstrationofgoodpracticeormanagementtechniques. Stakeholderengagementandawarenessbuilding. Datacollection,datamanagementandmodelling. Monitoring. Policy. followedbypostfiltration treatmentbyoxidationand adsorption.Theinitialresults areextremelypromisingand theprojecthopesto demonstrate80%reductionin medicineresidualsand endocrinedisruptorsinhospital wastewaterbytheendofthe project.
ItmustberememberedthatmanyLIFEprojectsaredesignedtodelivermorethanoneofthesecategories, forexamplethedisseminationstrandofmostprojectsinvolvessomekindofawarenessbuildingbut awarenessraisinghasonlybeenincludedintheaboveanalysisifitwasaprimaryobjectiveoftheproject (forexampletheLIFEINFprojectshaveawarenessraisingasaprimarygoal).Anexampleofthisisproject LIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCESwhichhas,asitsoverridingaction,engagementwithstakeholderstodeliveran ecosystembasedapproachtodeliveringtheMSFD.
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Similarly,someprojectsdohavemorethanoneprimaryobjectiveandinthesecasesmorethanoneactivity hasbeenrecordedfortheproject.AnexampleofthisistheLuxembourgprojectLIFE07ENV/L/540M3which isdevelopingintegratedmodellingandmonitoringapproachesforriverbasinmanagementandevaluation andtheoutputofthisprojectcouldbeofinteresttootherWFDworkinggroups. Figure33showthebreakdownofprojectsintermsofdeliverymechanismsforpolicyimplementation.Itis veryclearthatthemajorityofprojectshelptoimplementpolicythrougheitherthedevelopmentof innovativetechnologies(28%)ortheadoptionofbestpractices/management(39%).Amoderatenumberof projectsinvolvestakeholders/awarenessbuilding(13%)ordatacollectionandmodelling(12%)astheir primaryactivity.Only5%ofprojectsaredesignedtodeliversomekindofmonitoringprogrammeandeven fewerareactuallydesignedtodirectlyaffectpolicy(3%). Figure33:DeliveryMechanismsforPolicyImplementationforallProjects
AfurtherbreakdownofdeliverymechanismsbyLIFEbrandisshowninFigure34.Ofthetwomaindelivery activitiesvirtuallyallthetechnologicalinnovationsareprovidedbytheLIFEENVbrand,showingthatthisis animportantmeansofdevelopingandtestingnewtechnologiestodeliverimprovedwatermanagement. Projectspromotingbestpracticesorimprovedmanagementofresourcesareevenlydistributedbetweenthe twomainLIFEbrandsandthisservestoillustratethefactthatthemajorityofLIFENATprojectsare specificallydesignedtopromotebestpracticeandrarelyhavetrulyinnovativeelements.Therearemany goodexamplesofLIFEprojectsdemonstratingthesetwodeliverymechanismsandthesehavebeen mentionedintheprevioussection. Thereareveryfewprojectsthataredesignedtoimprovemonitoring.Eventhoughthisisakeyelementof theWFDonly10projectsoverallhavemonitoringaspartoftheprojectarchitectureandevenfeweraddress anykindofharmonisationofmonitoringacrosstheMemberStates.Therefore,theItalianprojectLIFE08 ENV/IT/399EnvEuropeisparticularlyambitiousasitdesignedtomakebestuseofthevastrangeof monitoringdatacollectedacrossEuropeatboththenationalandinternationallevelwhichareoften incompatible.TheprojectaimstobuildontheworkoftheEuropeanLongTermEcosystemResearch Network(LTER)andtoprovideananalysisofthelongtermecologicaldataanditscomparisonacrosseco domains.InsodoingtheprojectwillsupplyrelevantscientificsupporttoEUenvironmentalpolicyand conservationinanintegratedecosystemapproach.Similarly,theSpanishprojectLIFE09ENV/ES/456AG_UAS isdevelopingahighlyinnovativecosteffective,spatialtoolformoreefficient,sustainable,watermonitoring andmanagement,inlinewithWFDrequirementsusingremotesensing.
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Figure34:BreakdownofDeliveryMechanismsbyLIFEBrand
ItwouldseemthatthemajorityofLIFEprojects(atleastinthewatersector)donotsetouttohaveadirect inputintopolicymakingalthoughthereareoneortwonotableexceptions.TheprojectLIFE07ENV/E/794 TEXLEGIOsetouttoreduceandeliminateLegionellapneumophilabacteriainwaterusingalternative methodstothoseacceptedbytheSpanishwaterregulator.Asaconsequenceofthesuccessfulresults obtainedfromtheprojecttheteamdevelopedaproposalforadoptingnewlegalregulationswithintheEU toadoptthisnewtechnology.AnewItalianprojectLIFE10ENV/IT/394WARBOhasbeenspecificallysetupto facilitatetheregulationofArtificialRecharge(AR)andtorespondtotheneedtosafeguard,protectand enhancewaterecosystems.InsouthernEuropeARisconsideredtobeanappropriateandeffectivetoolto protectgroundwaterquantitybutitisnotregulatedateitherthenationalortheEUlevel.Toguaranteethe correctapplicationofrechargetechniques,legislationneedstodefineinteraliawhereandhowtoabstract waterandthechemicalandphysicalnatureoftherechargewater.TheWARBOprojectwilldevelopspecific experimentalprotocolsthatwilldefinetheadministrativeprocedurestobefollowedandwillspecifyhowto managerechargeactivitiesandinsodoingwillmakeadirectcontributiontonewlegislation. 3.4. Specificnational/regional/localapproachesdevelopedbyLIFEprojects Inmanycases,LIFEprojectsdonotonlyrelatetoEUlegislation,butalsonationalorregionallawwiththeir activities.ThisisespeciallythecaseincountriesorregionssuchasFlandersinBelgiumorCatalunyain Spain,wherethelocallegislationisalreadyveryadvancedandcanbemoredetailedthanEUlaw. Waterprojectsareperhapsuniquelyplacedintheirrequirementtocrossboundariesandborderseither followingrivercoursesorinwiderbodiesofEuropesseasandoceans.Inthisrespectwaterprojects sometimeshavetodealwithnonMemberStateswhichmayhaveadirectimpactontheoutcomeofa project.OnesuchexampleofatrulyinternationalprojectwasLIFE05NAT/LV/100BalticMPAs,whichmade asignificantcontributiontotheprotectionandsustainableuseofmarinebiodiversityintheEasternBaltic andinvolvedLithuania,LatviaandEstonia.However,duetothecloseecologicalconnectivityoftheBalticSea ecosystemandtakingintoaccountseriousthreatsoriginatingfromtheadjacentnonEUterritories,the projectinvolvedsomekeystakeholdersfromtheNorthWestRussianRegioninthethreatassessment, awarenessandcapacitybuildingactivities.Infactasetofhighqualitydisseminationproductswere preparedanddistributedincludingafilmandabookaimedatthegeneralpublicandpublishedinEnglish, Latvian,Lithuanian,EstonianandRussian,whichcanstillbeaccessedfromthewebsite www.balticseaportal.net.
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SomeprojectshaveadistinctlynationalapproachandrestricttheiractivitiestowithinasingleMember State;althoughitisfrequentlyacknowledgedthattheresultsoroutcomesmaybereadilytransferredto otherMemberStates.TheprojectLIFE09ENV/FI/569GISBLOOMaimstobuildcapacitytoensurebetter integrationofclimatechangeintoriverbasinmanagementplansinFinland.Itwilldemonstrateanintegrated modeltoquantifytheeffectsofdifferentclimatechangescenariostohelptacklethreatsofeutrophication andalgalblooms.Itwilluseaninnovativecombinationofnationwidedataandmodelsforhydrology,land usechangesandnutrientloadstogeneratedataandrealtimeforecastsforalgalbloominginriverbasins andaround48,000Finnishlakesonadailybasis.Anewfeaturewillbeawebbasedmapserviceand interactiveportal(LakeWiki)aimedatfacilitatingparticipatoryriverbasinmanagement.Thisprocesswill informtheselectionofmeasuresforriverbasinmanagementplansineightpilotareas.Their implementationwillbesubjecttocostbenefitanalyses.Byworkingtointegrateclimatechangeeffectively intoriverbasinmanagementplansandtodevelopaparticipatoryapproach,thisprojectwillcontributeto theachievementoftheenvironmentalobjectivesoftheWFD,theMSFDandtheNitratesDirective.Although thegeographicalscopeoftheGISBLOOMprojectislimitedtoFinlandthetoolswhichwillbedemonstrated andevaluatedareapplicabletoalltheotherEUcountries. SmallislandstatessuchasMaltaandCyprusarereadilysuitedtonationalprojectsastheLIFE08ENV/CY/460 WATERprojectdemonstrates.Theoverallgoaloftheprojectistostrengthenthescientificfoundationof watermanagementprogrammes,includingdevelopingcriteriaforpollutantswithhighpotentialimpacton environmentalqualityandbiodiversity.Assuch,theprojectwillestablishanddemonstrateaninnovativeset ofmethodsandtoolsforthedesignandimplementationofprogrammesforthepreservationofthehigh environmentalqualityandgoodecologicalstatusofwaterbodiesinCyprus. Regionalprojectsmayrefertoaparticularareaofacountry,anexampleofwhichwouldbeLIFE05 ENV/H/418SUMANASaprojectdesignedtosustainablymanageandtreatarsenicbearinggroundwaterin SouthernHungary.Theprojectconstructedandoperatedapilotplantthatisabletoremoveammonia, methaneandarsenicfromwaterwith98%efficiencyandassessedthescaleofarseniccontent(and estimatedthecostofremoval)ingroundwaterinSouthernHungary.Alternatively,thetermregionalisoften usedtodescribeaspecificlocation(oftenaformerstateorcountry)withinamemberstate.Anexampleof thiswouldbetheLIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCANaprojectelaboratingdetailedfloodhazardandfloodrisk mapsusinganautomaticdatacompressionprocedure.Inaddition,acosteffectivemethodfortheuseof classifieddataoflandcoverhasbeendevelopedandisbeingappliedthroughoutBavaria. SomeprojectsaremoreambitiousinnatureandcoveranumberofregionssuchastheSpanishLIFE07 NAT/E/732INDEMARESproject.GoalssetoutintheMSFDprovidealegalimpetusforextendingthe coverageofNatura2000intooffshoreterritoriesandprojectssuchasINDEMARESarehelpingtopioneer methodsthatcanassistmarineareascomplywiththeDirective.Earlyoutputsidentifiedsuitablesitesand selectioncriteriathatprioritisedlocationswithdiversefeaturesorvariedbiodiversityinnaturalstates. Projectsitesalsohadtoberepresentativeofotherareasintoordertoprovidereplicableresultswithgood multiplieropportunities(thusensuringtheEUaddedvalueofINDEMARES).Atotaloftenlocationswere thenchosenfromtheAtlantic,MediterraneanandMacaronesianregions.LIFEiscontributing7.7millionof EUfundingtosupporttheseprospectivemembersofthemarineNaturanetworkandfinalprojectoutcomes areanticipatedtowardstheendof201311. However,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthemajorityofLIFEprojects(especiallythosedevelopinga technologicalsolution)tendtooperateonalocalscaleratherthananationalorregionalscaleand internationalprojectsaretheexceptionratherthantherule.Nevertheless,localprojectscanplayan importantroleinimplementinglocalpolicies(orbyelaws)andmeetinglocalregulatoryrequirements.
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http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/features/2012/marine.htm
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3.5. LIFEprojectsplayingtheroleofcatalystfortheimplementationofnational/regional/localwater programmes Aninherentobjectiveinmostprojectsistohelpcatalysewiderimplementationofnational/regionalorlocal waterprogrammes.AcharacteristicfeatureofaLIFEprojectishowmuchpotentialithasforreplicationand transfertoothersectorsorlocations.Regrettably,theabilityforasingleprojecttoperformthiscatalyticrole dependsnotonthesuccessoftheprojectoutcomebutmoreontheabilityoftheprojecttoattractthe requiredinterestandfinancingtomoveitthroughtothenextstepofcommercialisation(fortechnical solutions)oroperationalisation(formodelsandmanagementsolutions).The2011LIFEEnvironment ConferenceexaminedthecriticalsuccessfactorsandbarrierstofurtherimplementationinasessiononThe MultiplierEffectHowGoodSolutionsSpread.OneclearconclusionfromtheconferencewasthatLIFE projectsrequireacertainsetofmarketconditionsinordertofullyrealisetheirpotential. Oneexcellentexampleofaprojectthathascatalysedahugeamountofinterestbothnationallyand internationallyistheUKprojectLIFE06ENV/UK/409OpenMILIFE.Essentiallytheprojectteamhasdesigned apieceofsoftwarethatallowsvariousmodelstotalktooneanother.Theimplicationsforsuchatoolin respectofimplementingtheintegratedriverbasinplansdemandedbytheWFDareimpressive.Forexample agroundwatermodelcouldbelinkedtoacoastalhydrodynamicmodelandallowtheusertodeterminethe impactofartificialrechargeofagroundwaterreservoironcoastaldynamics.Thetoolissopowerful,andhas somanyapplications,thattherehasbeenasmuchinterestinitsfurtherdevelopmentfromNorthern AmericaastherehasbeenfromEurope.Thustheprojectcanbesaidtohavetrulycatalysedthe implementationofwaterpolicyonaninternationalscale. Clearly,thisachievementisexceptionalbutthereareotherprojectsthatmaymakeasubstantivedifference providedthemarketconditionsarefavourablewhentheprojectcloses.Anexamplemaybethemorerecent Italianproject,LIFE08INF/IT/308WATACLIC,whichseekstoreducewateruseinurbanareasusingboth communicationandfiscaltools.DespitethefactthatwaterscarcityisarecognisedproblemintheSouthern EuropeanMemberStatesthereisagenerallackofinterestbyItalianpublicbodiesinwaterrelatedissues (andmunicipalitiesinparticular),astheydonotrecognisewaterasakeyproblemintheirurbanplanning activity.Moregenerally,theneedtoreducewaterconsumptionathouseholdlevelisnotwidelyperceivedby differentstakeholders.Forthefinalusersthisisprobablyduetothelowpriceofwater:inItalythewhole waterservice,includingsewageandwastewatertreatmentcostsaround1percubicmeter.Furthermore,a recentreportfortheItalianGovernmentbytheassociationofwatermanagementcompaniesstatesthat DatafromWaterPlansclearlyshowscontrarytowhatisaskedbytheEuropeanWaterFramework Directiveanincreasingtrendinwaterresourcedemand,thusclearlyshowingItaliandifficultiestoconform toEUpolicy.12Aftertwoyearsofimplementationtheprojectisachievingitsobjectivesbuttherealtestwill beifthekeyorganisationsinthepublicsectoradopttheWATACLICprinciplesandinthecurrenteconomic climateitmaybedifficulttoincreasewaterchargestorealisticlevels.Nevertheless,iftheprojectis successfulitcouldassisttheItalianwaterauthoritiestomakeamajorstepforwardinmeetingthe requirementsoftheWFD. Onthelocallevel,theGreekprojectLIFE05ENV/GR/245EnviFriendlysignificantlyreducednitrates,nitrogen andphosphoruspollutioninthewaterofpilotareas(throughphytoremediationandriverbankerosion controls),alsobygeneratingawarenessamongandsynergybetweenlocalauthorities(witheight municipalitiesinvolvedaspartners)andalsoincludingresidents,foramoresustainableuseofwater resources.AttheEUlevel,theprojecthascontributedtotheimplementationoftheWFDastheEvrotas RiverBasinishighlylikelytoachieveitsenvironmentalobjectivesby2015.Inaddition,theprojectmanaged toinvolveinitsactivities,mainlywiththeaimofensuringthesustainabilityoftheresults,theCentralWater AgencyoftheMinistryoftheEnvironmentinGreece(theauthorityresponsiblefortheimplementationof
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UTILITATIS2010"Studioedelaborazionediunquadrooperativoperlimpiantogestionaledeiservizipubblicilocali.PresidenzadelConsigliodei Ministri.DipartimentoAffariRegionali.OrganismoIntermedioPON."GovernanceeAzionidiSistema20072013".AsseEObiettivoSpecifico5.2.2010"
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theWaterFrameworkDirective).Thisorganisationhasshownarealinterestintheprojectwiththedesireto transferprojectresultstootherGreekriverbasins.SoagaintheLIFEprojecthasactedasacatalystfor furtherimplementationoftheWFDinGreece. OnefinalexamplecomesfromtheUKwheretheLIFE07/ENV/UK/943PISCESprojectisbeginningtomakea significantcontributiontotheimplementationoftheMSFDoutsidetheprojecttargetareaoftheCelticSea. InarecentbreakthroughtheprojectteamhasbeenabletoinfluencehowtheMSFDworkinggroups throughoutEuropecanimplementtheecosystemsbasedapproachcalledforbytheDirectiveusingthe directresultsoftheproject.PISCESisinitsfinalyearandisputtingthefinaltouchestopeerreviewed guidelinesforimplementationoftheecosystemsbasedapproachwhichcouldbeadoptedbyallMember States. Inconclusion,althoughitisdifficulttoassesstherealsuccessofLIFEprojectsascatalystsforwider implementationofEUpolicyinthewatersector,therearesomequiteremarkableexamplesofhowsingle projectscan,giventherightcircumstances,haveaninfluenceoveramuchgreaterareaorlargergroupof peoplethancouldhavebeenanticipatedatthestartoftheproject. 3.6. Crosscuttingpolicy OtherdirectivesindirectlyconsideredbyLIFEprojectsseekingtofindsolutionsforwatermanagementand protectionaretheWasteDirective,theEUthematicstrategyonurbanenvironments,ClimateChange, RenewableEnergy,aswellastheINSPIREandHabitatsDirectivesalreadymentionedabove. ThepotentialissuesraisedbyMemberStatestryingtoimplementarangeofEUDirectivesarebest illustratedbyexamininganumberofLIFEprojectsrelatingtomorethanonedirective.Thefollowing combinedcasestudylooksattheWaterFrameworkDirectiveinrelationshiptotheRenewableEnergy Directiveandprovidessomeinterestinginsightsastohowsomeoftheapparentconflictsinimplementation canberesolved.ThelessonslearntfromthisexerciseareapplicabletoallMemberStates. TheRenewableEnergyDirective2009/28/EC(RED)setsambitioustargetsfortheproportionofenergy generatedfromrenewablesourcesforallMemberStates,withanoverallEUtargetof20%ofenergy producedbyrenewablemeansby2020.TheNationalRenewableEnergyActionPlans(NREAPs)preparedby eachMemberStatein2010indicatethatanoverallincreaseof50%inelectricitygeneratedfrom hydropowersourceswillberequiredtocontributetowardsthesetargets.Accordingtoestimatesofthe futurepotentialgeneratingcapacityofhydropowerintheEUtherequiredincreaseisachievableby improvingthegeneratingcapacityofexistingplantsandbydevelopingnewinstallations.However,the hydropowerindustryhasidentifiedtheinfluenceoftheWaterFrameworkDirective(WFD),andinparticular itsfocusonimprovingecologicalaspectsatthelocallevel,asasignificantbarriertothedevelopmentof hydropoweranditssubsequentcontributiontothewiderREDobjectives. ThefindingsfromtwoworkshopsorganisedthroughtheCommonImplementationStrategy(CIS)activityon theWaterFrameworkDirectiveandHydromorphology,togetherwiththe2010StatementoftheWater Directorsprovideanumberofkeyrecommendations.Theseincludeinstruments,technicalapproachesand strategiesforpromotingthedevelopmentofhydropowerwhilstmeetingWFDobjectives.LIFEfundinghas enabledanumberofprojectstodevelop,testandfurtheradvanceprogressonmeetinganumberofthese recommendations,whilstothershaveprovidedusefullessonsintheimplementationofWFDalongsideRED. LIFE06/ENV/D/485MoveableHEPPverysuccessfullyimplementedtwosmallscalehydropowerplants, whereamoveableturbineandgeneratorunitareplacedintoanexistingriverweirandcombinedwithother measures(suchasfishladderstoenableupstreammigration).Thisinnovativetechnicalapproachallows watertoflowthroughtheturbineforpowergeneration,andoverandunderit,improvingfishmigration, bedloadtransportandfloodsafety.TheapproachdirectlyrespondstotheWaterDirectorscallforwinwin solutionsthatenablehydropowerdevelopmentaccompaniedbyimprovementsinwaterecologyand
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minimumflowrates,anddirectlyaddressestheneedtopaygreaterattentiontotheeffectsofhydropower ondownstreamsedimenttransportandfishmigration.Furthermore,becausethetechnologyisdesignedto beretrofittedintoexistingorabandonedweirs,itcansignificantlycontributetotheaimofimprovingthe connectivityofwaterbodiesatthecatchmentlevel,withtheadditionaleconomicandenvironmental benefitsofhydroelectricityproduction.Accordingtotheprojectthetechnologyachieves11%higher returnsandcosts16%lessthanaconventionalplant,hencechallengingthetheorythatthemitigation measures,thatareoftenrequiredtoensureimprovementsinecologicalstatusundertheWFD,leave hydropowerdevelopmentunprofitable.Marketinterestinthetechnologyissubstantial,withthe developmentofafurther25plantsalreadyinitiatedinthreeotherMemberStates. LIFE09/ENV/UK/026Hydro4LIFEistestingandpromotingthe applicationoftheInternationalHydropowerAssociations HydropowerSustainabilityAssessmentProtocolintheEU. TheProtocolisanenhancedsustainabilityassessmenttool whichisbeingusedtomeasureandguideperformanceinthe hydropowersector.WhilsttheProtocolcannotbeusedto strategicallyassessacatchmentorsubcatchmentasawhole, anumberofapplicationsoftheProtocolatsitesalonga catchmentareacouldbeusedtoinformanoverallstrategic approach,akeyrecommendationoftheWaterDirectorsand CISworkinggroups. ThereareafurtherthreeLIFEprojectsthatfacilitateaholistic approachtothedeploymentofhydropowerinspecific catchmentsandsubcatchments,eachwithadifferentmixof drivinginfluencesandadifferentsetofconsequencesfor hydropower. LIFE10/NAT/AT/016NetzwerkDonauplanstoupgradeallbut twoofthehydropowerinstallationsontheAustrianDanube anditstributaries.Theproject,whichisthelargesteverto receiveLIFEfundinginAustriaandisledbyAustriaslargest energyproducer,planstouseestablishedmethodssuchas fishpassesandladderstoensureconnectivitythroughoutthe subcatchmentarea.Theprojectconstitutesthemain hydropowercomponentoftheoverallstrategicplanforthe AustrianDanubeanditstributariesandrespondstoboththe WFDandRED. LIFE07/ENV/B/038WALPHYdealswithasmallersectionofa subcatchmentbutformsacomponentoftheoverall strategicapproachtoriverrestorationinWallonia.Whilstthe projectdealswithallaspectsofriverrestorationinlinewith therequirementsoftheWFD,ithasdemonstratedaflexible approachwhenconsideringtheroleofhydropowerinthe subcatchmentarea.Wheretheownersofweirshave expressedadesiretodevelopsmallscalehydropowerplants insteadofremovingweirs,theprojecthasconstructedfish passesandothermitigationmeasurestoenablethe developmentofsustainablehydropower,helpingto contributetoREDobjectiveswhilstmaintainingtheecological statusoftheriver.
LIFE09/ENV/UK/026Hydro4LIFE
TheProtocolassessesthefourmain stagesofhydropowerdevelopment: EarlyStage,Preparation, ImplementationandOperation. Assessmentsrelyonobjective evidencetocreateasustainability profileagainstsome20topics coveringallaspectsofsustainability. TheProtocolhasalreadybeencited bytheCISworkinggroupasa potentialtooltoassessandimprove theeffectivenessofmitigation measures.Italsohasthepotential tobeusedaspartofacommon, clearandtransparentmethodfor theapplicationofREDArticle4.7 exemptionrequirementsacrossthe Community,asitprovidesa frameworkthatenablesa comprehensiveassessmentofthe socioeconomicandenvironmental impactsofaparticularhydropower development.
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LIFE05/NAT/DK/153HoutinghadaverydifferentsetofprimarydriversintargetingaHabitatsDirective AnnexIIspeciesbyremovingphysicalbarrierstothemigrationofHouting(Coregonusoxyrhynchus)infour riversystems,includingdecommissioningDenmarkssecondlargesthydropowerplant(KarlsgrdePower Station).Thisanexampleofastrategiccatchmentlevelapproachthatfirstprioritisedaspecificspeciesof Communityimportance,withpositivesecondaryeffectsontheecologicalstatusofthefourriversystems throughrestorationmeasures,hencecontributingtoWFDobjectives.Thefactthattheprojectledtothe decommissioningofhydropowergeneratingcapacitywasalsoconsistentwithDenmarksnationalpriorities forRED,astheDanishNREAPplacedverylowpriorityonhydropower,withplansfornofurtherincreasein hydropowergeneratingcapacitybetween2010and2020. 3.7. LIFEWatersectorprojectsandNatural WaterRetentionMeasures Theabilityofnaturalfeaturestoretainwater deliversanumberofimportantecosystemsservices directlyrelatedtowaterincludingfloodprotection, waterprovisionandtheimprovementofwater quality(seeBox1).Howeverotherbenefitscanalso berealisedsuchasimprovementsofsoilquality, provisionofhabitat,culturalservices,airquality, climateregulationand,especiallyinpeatbogs, storageofcarbonandclimatechangemitigation. LIFEprojectshavethepotentialtocontributetothe growingevidencebaseonthebenefitsofnatural waterretentionmeasures,aswellasdemonstrating innovativemanagementpracticesinanareaof growinginterestacrosstheEU. WiththeLIFENATthemefundingalargenumberof river,floodplainandwetlandrestorationprojects, oftenprimarilydrivenbytheHabitatsandWater FrameworkDirectives,alargebodyofworkexists thatcouldbeusedtounderpinthedevelopmentof policy.LIFE06NAT/FIN/129KokemenjokiLIFE, whichattemptstoimprovewetlandhabitatfor specificbirdspeciesundertheHabitatsDirective, providesindirectbenefitsinreducingfloodrisksby increasingwetlandareasandretainingfloodwaters. LIFE05NAT/D/057LippeAuedemonstratedbest practiceinengagingwithriparianfarmerstoensure thelongtermmanagementofrestorationmeasures thatseektopromotethedevelopmentoftypical floodplainmeadowsandtheoccurrenceofrarebird speciesintheLippefloodplains.LIFE08 NAT/D/000013ElbebeiVockerodeisusingnatural protectivemeasuresintheElbefloodplaintoprovide thenecessaryfuturefloodprotection.Incorporating naturaltechniques,therelocationofadykewill resultinextraretentionareas,andthepreventative valuesofnaturalecologicalfloodprotectionwillbe enhanced.Theprojectaimstosetaprecedentfor therestorationoflargeriversystemsinmiddle
Box1:PHYTOREMEDIATION SomeLIFEprojectshavedealtwith improvingwaterqualitybyusing variousformsofphytoremediation. LIFE06ENV/F/133ArtWetsuccessfully demonstratedthatagricultural nonpointsourcepesticidepollution couldbemitigatedbyconstructing artificialwetlandecosystemstoactas afilteringmechanismforrunoff.The projectcontributedtothe implementationoftheWFD,the PrioritySubstancesDirectiveandthe PesticidesDirectivesimultaneously. InItalytheLIFE08ENV/IT/406 REWETLANDprojectaimstosetup anintegratedenvironmental enhancementprogrammeforthe implementationofconstructed wetlands(CW)andwidespread biofilteringtechniquesalong reclaimedcanalnetworks.TheCW pilotswilltestthesystemsabilityto reducewaterpollutantsandincrease biodiversitycloselyconnectedtothe processofenvironmentalrestoration ofthebasinnetworkoftheAgro Pontino. LIFE08ENV/IT/390ECOMAWARUisin theprocessofdevelopingawaterand wastewatermanagementscheme adoptingphytodepurationwithmicro algaetosignificantlyimprovethe qualityofeffluentthatisreusedfor irrigationpurposes.
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Europe. Seekingtobringthisexpertisetogether,LIFE09INF/UK/032RESTOREisbuildingasustainablenetwork linkingpolicymakers,riverbasinplanners,practitionersandexpertsacrossEuropetoshareinformationand goodpracticeonriverrestorationactivities.Theprojectpromotesthefactthatriverrestorationactivities suchasreconnectingbrooks,streamsandriverstofloodplains,formermeandersandothernaturalstorage areas,andenhancingthequalityandcapacityofwetlands,canincreasenaturalstoragecapacityand reducesfloodrisk. LIFEprojectsalsoprovideexamplesoftheuseofriverrestorationandothermeasuressuchasSUDStooffer floodprotectionandotherbenefitsintheurbanenvironment.LIFE08ENV/E/099AQUAVALaimstoextend theuseofSustainableUrbanDrainageSystems(SUDS)toregionswheretheyarenotcurrentlyusedthrough thedemonstrationoftechniquesincludingbioretentionzones,detentionbasins,filterdrains,filterstrips, flowcontrolsystems,infiltrationtrenchesandbasins,permeablepaving,retentionponds,soakaways,swales andwetlandsintwomunicipalitiesintheValenciaregion.TheobjectiveofLIFE07ENV/S/908 GreenClimeAdaptistoturnanindustrialareainsoutheasternMalmointoagreenclimateadaptationarea withopenstormwatermanagementwithenhancedbiodiversityandrecreation.Thestormwatersystem builtinthis45haprojectwillretain90%ofa10yearstormevent.IfappliedataEuropeanscale,theriskof localfloodingcouldbesignificantlyreduced.Therunoffwaterwillbecleanedbeforereachingtherecipient bysedimentationandfiltrationinpondsandotherretentionsystems. Naturalretentionmeasureshavealsoprovedtobeeffectiveinimprovingwaterquality.LIFE06ENV/F/133 ArtWetsuccessfullydemonstratedthemitigationofagriculturalnonpointsourcepesticidepollutionand phytoremediationusingartificialwetlandecosystems.LIFE06ENV/DK/229TREASUREsuccessfully demonstratedaselectionofrobust,efficientandsimpletechnologiesincludingsedimentation,plantuptake, filtrationandfixedmediaadditivesfortheextendedtreatmentofstormwaterrunofffromsmall,medium sizedandlargeurbancatchments.Thetreatmentfacilitieswereconstructedasnaturalandrecreational elementsintheformofseminaturallakesorpondscontributingtoapositiveimprovementinthe aestheticalandrecreationalvalueoftheurbanenvironment.LIFE09ENV/ES/431CREAMAguawillbe creatingandrestoringnaturalecosystemstructuresofwetlandsandriverbankforeststoreduceinorganic nutrientsnitratesandphosphatesandsaltsfromagriculturalrunoffandimprovethebiodiversityin agriculturalareasdegradedbyintensiveagriculturaluse,intheareaoftheFlumenbasininSpain. Afforestationandsoilmanagementareeffectivenaturalwaterretentionmeasures.LIFE09ENV/ES/447The GreenDesertsmainobjectiveistodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessofnewtreeplanting techniquesindesertified,poorand/orrockyareas.Innovativewaterboxtechnologywillbeappliedto restorethecapacityofdegradedsoilstoretainwaterandreinforceexistingcapacitiesforsupportingplant life.Waterboxeswillbetestedtoassesstheirsuitabilityasameansofcapturingrainandcondensationfor useincultivatingHederaplantsalongroadsides,wheretheplantsareintendedtoabsorbtrafficrelatedair particulatesandCO2. Asidefromthewatersectorprojectsidentifiedforthepurposesofthisstudy,LIFEhasfundedanumberof bogrestorationprojects,whichtoohaveimportantlessonsfornaturalwaterretentionmeasures.For example,thepurposeofLIFE06NAT/UK/134ActiveBlanketBoginWaleswastobringaboutasignificant andsustainedimprovementintheconditionofblanketboginkeypartsoftwoSACsinWales.Aswell investigatingthestorageofcarbonandmethane,theprojectcarriedoutanumberofhydrologicalandwater qualitysurveystoestablishthevalueofecosystemsservicesprovidedbythebog.Theprojectareaservesas acatchmenttoLakeVyrnwy,areservoirservingNorthWestEngland.Therewashugeconcernaboutthe impactofwaterqualityfollowingdrainblocking,withincreasedparticulateandorganicmattercausing healthconcernsandtheneedforadditionaltreatmentofthewatertoensureitwasofdrinkingquality.This provednottobethecase.Thehydrologicalsurveysalsodemonstratedtheabilityofanactivebogtoretain waterforlonger,thereforeprovidinganimportantdefenceagainstflooding.
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3.8. GapAnalysis OnexaminationofthespreadofprojectsthroughoutthevariousdirectivestherearesomeareaswhereLIFE projectsarenotwellrepresented.Table31showsthatamongthedirectivesthemselvesFloods,EQSand ShellfishDirectiveshavethefewestprojects.Thereasonsforthisarenotclearasthereiscertainlyscopein allthreedirectivesforLIFEprojectstomakeacontributiontotheimplementation(atleasttocertain aspects)ofthesepolicyareas.IntermsoftheFloodsDirectiveitispossiblethatprojectproponentsfeelthat LIFEfundingisinsufficienttoaddresssomeoftheissuesandthatstructuralfundsaremoreappropriatefor implementingthedirectivei.e.flooddefencemechanisms.Ontheotherhandtheprojectanalysisshows thatthereareanumberofprojects(seesection3.7)whichdoaddressthedirectivebutthatthisisrarely acknowledgedbytheprojectproponents.AgoodexampleofthisisLIFE08ENV/IT/406REWETLANDwhich aimstocontributetotheWFDbut,increatingartificialwetlands,alsoaddressestheFloodsDirective althoughthisisneveracknowledgedintheprojectdocumentation. LikewisethereareprobablymoreLIFEprojectsthatcontributetotheShellfishDirectivethanappearstobe apparentfromtheanalysis.Arguably,allprojectsthataimtoimprovewaterqualityincoastalareascould potentiallymakeacontributiontotheShellfishDirective.Asaresult,thecontributionoftheLIFE programmetotheseparticularDirectivesisprobablyunderestimated. Incontrast,thelackofprojectsaddressingtheEQSismorelikelytobeatruereflectionoftheactual situationbecauseitisunlikelythatprojectswillcontributetothedevelopmentofEQSifitwasnotan originalobjectiveoftheproject. WithintheWFDsomepolicyareasdonotappeartoattractmanyLIFEprojects,thesearetypologyandthe delineationofwaterbodies,economics,ProgrammesofMeasures(POM)andtoacertainextentmonitoring programmesforbothsurfaceandgroundwater. Onlytwoprojectsdealtinsomewaywithtypology(orthedelineationofwaterbodies)andonlyacoupleof projectsdealtwithProgrammeofMeasures.TheItalianprojectLIFE08ENV/IT/413INHABITisanambitious projectwhichdealsnotonlywiththesetopicsbutalsowithanumberofotherWFDareas(impactanalysis, integratedriverbasinmanagementanddatamanagement).Theproject,withatotalbudgetof2.2million, aimstointegrateinformationonlocalhydromorphologicalfeaturesintopracticalmeasurestoimprovethe reliabilityofimplementationofRBMPsinsouthernEurope.Thefocusisonriversandlakesintwoareasin Italy,coveringawiderangeofenvironmentalfeaturesand waterbodytypes.Theoutcomeoftheprojectwillserveasa basisfortheimplementationofRBMPsoverlargerareasin LIFE05ENV/DK/145OdensePRB Italyand,possibly,thewholeofEurope.Theprojectincludes AgriPoM classificationandevaluationofcatchmentsaccordingtothe mostuptodateWFDclassificationtoolsanddevelopmentof ProgrammesofMeasurestoaddressuncertaintyin classification.Theywillproduceguidelinesonhowandwhere thenewsetofmeasuresshouldbeadoptedtoaidthe achievementofgoodecologicalstatusby2015. TheprojectLIFE05ENV/DK/145OdensePRBAgriPoMhad themainaimofproducinganAgriculturalProgrammeof Measures.Themainoutputoftheprojectwasacosteffective DevelopinganAgricultural ProgrammeofMeasurestoreducenitrogenandphosphorus ProgrammeofMeasures lossesfromagriculturalactivitiesintheOdenseriverbasinin ordertomeettheWFDobjectivesaheadoftheofficialtime schedule.Theprojectwassuccessfulinmeetingitsobjectives. Despitethefactthatthereareveryfewprojectsthatdealwith
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POMthisareahasbeenidentifiedasastrengthoftheLIFEprojects(seesection4.2.6)andsoitwouldbea goodareatoencouragemoreapplications. TheeconomicconsiderationsoftheWDFarerarelyaddressedbyLIFEprojectsdespitethefactthatsuch considerationsareprobablythemostimportantdriversofpolicyimplementation.However,therearesome examplesofLIFEprojectsthathavelookedatvariouseconomicandfiscalaspectsoftheWFDdeliveryand havemadeusefulcontributionstoresourceefficiencyandmoresustainablewateruse.Addressing mismanagementofwaterresourcesisapriorityobjectiveoftheWFD.Oneofthemainchallengesis ineffectivewaterpricingpolicieswhichgenerallydonotreflectthelevelofsensitivityofwaterresources. Thewayforward,accordingtoEC(COM(2007)414)13,isputtinginplacewatertariffsbasedonaconsistent economicassessmentofwaterusesandwatervalue,withadequateincentivestousewaterresources efficientlywithadequatecontributionsfromdifferentwateruserstorecoverthecostsofwaterservices. TheprojectLIFE06ENV/IT/255A.S.A.Pproducedaprotocolforreducinggroundwaterabstractiontogether withaneconomicmodelconcerningtariffs.TheapplicationoftheASAPprotocolbroughtaboutanumberof benefits(increasingthelifeofinfrastructures,reducemaintenancecostsofplantsandfacilities,reducing meantimebetweenfailures,reducingmeantimetorecharge)andsohadasubsequentimpactontariffs. However,theprotocolcannotberegardedasasolutionincasesofnetworklossesgenerallyinplaceswhere thereticulationsystemisagingandonlyafullrevampoftheinfrastructurewouldhaveanimpacton resourceefficiencyandcosts.ClearlythisscaleofprojectisoutsidethescopeofLIFEandthismaybeone reasonwhysofewprojectsdealwithcosts.ProjectLIFE08ENV/GR/570Hydrosenseproducedafullcost assessmentofwaterusesatthewatershedlevelderivedbyaggregatingthefinancialcost,theenvironmental costandtheresourcecostandsuggestingthatthecostshouldberecoveredthroughwaterpricing.The projectproducedbestandworstcasescenarios.Theseassessmentsshouldtriggerapolicyresponse towardsaradicalreformofthewaterpricingpolicyinGreece. Usingadifferentapproachbasedonstakeholderengagement,theWATACLICproject(LIFE08INF/IT/308)will produceaconceptdocumentofanoptimalwatertariffscheme(possiblyincludinghintsconcerning economictoolsotherthantariffs)aimedatreducingwaterconsumption.Theprojectexpectsthedocument willbesubscribedtobyaminimumof20entities(includingRegions,BasinAuthorities,Provinces, Municipalities,Publicutilities)andwillbeofficiallysubmittedtothenewAgencyinchargeofWaterService RegulationinItaly. Severalotherprojectscalculatethecostsofinterventionsandprovidesomekindofcostbenefitanalysis,but thesedonotreallyexploretheuseoffiscaloreconomicmanagementtools.OnesuchprojectisLIFE08 ENV/GR/551PUREwhichaimstotransformanexistingnetworkofpipelinesthatarecurrentlydistributing treatedwastewaterforirrigation,withnocontrol,nomonitoring,nopricingandnomanagementplan,into anupgradedsystemthatprovideshighqualityalternativewaterresourcesforirrigation,inasustainable mannerandinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheWFD. Projectsinvolvingmonitoringprogrammesofeithergroundwaterorsurfacewatersarealsounder representedinLIFEprojectsalthoughitistruethatmanyLIFEprojectsundertakesomeformofmonitoring aspartoftheprojectactivities.However,therearesomegoodexamplesofmonitoringprojectssuchas LIFE06ENV/F/158ISONITRATEwhichdevelopedaninnovateapproachtomonitoringnitratepollutionin waterusingisotopictechnology.
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CommissionRegulation(EC)No414/2007of13March2007concerningthetechnicalguidelinesfortheplanning,implementationandoperationaluse ofriverinformationservices(RIS)referredtoinArticle5ofDirective2005/44/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonharmonisedriver informationservices(RIS)oninlandwaterwaysintheCommunity
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TheseprojectsclearlyshowthatthereisfurtherscopeforLIFEprojectstoimplementareasoftheWFDthat arecurrentlyunderrepresentedintheprogramme. However,thereisanissueoftimingofthedirectivesandthelengthoftimeittakesforaLIFEprojectto produceresults.ThisishighlightedbytheLIFE07UK/ENV/932PISCESprojectwhichcommencedin2009 andisduetocloseinDecember2012.TheprojectaimstoassisttheimplementationoftheMSFDandhas producedaGuidetoimplementingtheecosystemapproach.TheGuidewillnotbeavailableuntilOctober 2012buttheMSFDcalledforallMemberStatestoproducetargetsandindicatorsbyJune2012;clearlythe projectoutputswerenotdevelopedintimefortheinitialstagesofimplementationofthisdirectivebutmay beinfluentialinthedevelopmentoftheProgrammeofMeasureswhicharenotduefortheMSFDuntil2015. Thereareanumberofreasonswhycertaindirectives(orpartsofdirectives)appeartobeunderrepresented intheLIFEprogramme,theseinclude: Theprojectproponentshavenotrecognisedthattheirprojectcouldinfluencedirectivesotherthan thosethattheyoriginallycitedintheirproposals; ProjectproponentsdonotconsiderLIFEfundingappropriateforcertaindirectives; ThelengthoftimeittakestoapproveandimplementaLIFEprojectdoesnotfitwiththe implementationtimetablesofsomedirectives; ApplicationsforLIFEfundingsupportingcertaindirectives(orpartsofdirectives)arenotsuccessful butithasnotbeenpossibletoassesswhetherthisisthecaseastheapplicationinformationwasnot availableforthisstudy; TheimportanceofsomedirectivesisnotstressedintheannualcallforLIFEapplications. Therecould,ofcourse,beotherreasonsfortheapparentlackofsupportforcertaindirectivesbutithasnot beenpossibletodeterminewhichthemaininfluentialfactorsarebecausethenecessaryinformationto assessthiswasnotavailableatthetimeofthisstudy 3.9. ThirdCountries(TCY)aspecialcase Formorethan15years,LIFEThirdCountries(LIFETCY)hasprovidedfinancialsupportforenvironmental actionsincountriesborderingtheBalticSeaandtheMediterranean(otherthancentralandeastEuropean accedingstatesandcandidatecountries),supportingtheminimprovingtheirenvironmentalperformance andmanagementcapabilities.ThisLIFEbrandalsoaimedatcontributingtothestrengtheningofnational environmentalpoliciesandatincreasingenvironmentalprotectionintheEUborderingregions.Themain aimswerethuscapacitybuilding,ontheonehand,andenhancementofprioritiesdeterminedbyEU environmentalpolicies,ontheother14.ThisreportcoversLIFEprojectscontributiontotheimplementation ofwaterrelateddirectivesandpoliciessince2005.Outofthe31projectsfinancedinthesetwoyears,11 havebeenidentifiedasrelatedtothewatersector(andarelistedinTable33below). Table33: LIFETCYWaterSectorProjects
Projectnumberand acronym LIFE06TCY/TN/275 COPEAU LIFE05TCY/CRO/111 IBM LIFE05TCY/CRO/108 CROWATER Title Networkforwaterqualitymonitoring WadingtowardIntegratedBasin Management Strengtheningofpublicprivate partnershipinordertoimprove wastewatermanagementinCroatia Typeofproject Capacitybuilding Policyrelated Policyrelated Comments Nationalauthority SAVARiver Nationalwaterutility
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EuropeanCommission.2007.LIFEThirdCountries19922006:SupportingEuropesneighboursinbuildingcapacityforenvironmentalpolicyandaction.
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Projectnumberand acronym LIFE06TCY/ET/226 IBISS LIFE06TCY/ET/232 FLAFLOM LIFE05TCY/GA/115 HAGAR
Title ItalianEgyptianCapacityBuildinginthe IntegratedWaterSupplyandSanitation FlashFloodsinEgypt:protectionand management Environmentalactionforthe sustainabilityofnaturalresources throughrecyclingofwaterandsludge frommarbleproduction DesignandApplicationofanInnovative CompostingUnitfortheEffective TreatmentofSludgeandother BiodegradableOrganicWastein Morocco ProtectionofBiodiversityoftheSava RiverBasinFloodplains Capacitybuildingforanearly assessmentsystemofdroughtinthree countriesofthesouthshoreofthe Mediterraneansea:Algeria,Morocco andTunisia TheSourcesoftheJordanRiver, HumansandNature Protectingtransboundarygroundwater sourcesfrompollution:research, trainingandguidelinesforIsraeliand Palestinianmunicipalities
Typeofproject Capacitybuilding Capacitybuilding Capacitybuilding
Comments Knowhowtransfer FloodDirective Localauthorities
LIFE05TCY/MA/141 MOROCOMP
Capacitybuilding
Knowhowtransfer
LIFE06TCY/INT/246 SAVARIVERBASIN LIFE05TCY/TN/150 SMAS
Policyrelated Capacitybuilding
SAVARiver Transboundaryand involvementofnational authorities
LIFE05TCY/IL/130 SUSTAINABLE JORDAN LIFE06TCY/IL/240 TRANSBOUNDARY WATER/PRO AQUIFER
Capacitybuilding
RegionalMasterPlan
Capacitybuilding
Localauthorities
InlinewiththeobjectivesoftheLIFETCYstrand,these11projectseitherconcentratedoncapacitybuilding (8)orontheenhancementoftheimplementationofEUpolicies(3).Forobviousreasons,projectsaimingat thepromotionoftheimplementationofEuropeanpolicyframeworkswerethoseundertakeninacceding andcandidatecountries,suchasCroatiaorgenerallyintheBalkans(seeTable34formoredetails). 3.9.1. LIFETCYandthepromotionofEUpoliciesoutsideofEurope WhilemostprojectsfundedundertheLIFETCYprogrammewereinspiredbyandusedasthebasisfortheir actionsEUlegislationandbestpractices,onlythreeprojectswereidentifiedinthisreportasdirectlyaiming attheenhancementofEUpolicydirectivesandpolicies.TheseareshowninTable34below: Table34:TCYProjectsPromotingEUPolicyoutsideEurope
Projectnumberandacronym LIFE05TCY/CRO/111IBM Projecttitle WadingtowardIntegratedBasin Management LIFE05TCY/CRO/108CROWATER Strengtheningofpublicprivate partnershipinordertoimprove wastewatermanagementinCroatia LIFE06TCY/INT/246SAVARIVER ProtectionofBiodiversityoftheSava BASIN RiverBasinFloodplains Beneficiary LonjskoPoljeNaturePark(LPNP) PublicService CroatianWaters
IUCNTheWorldConservation Union
Interestingly,allthreeprojectsimplementedactivitiesinthetransboundarySavaRiverBasin,whichextends fromSlovenia(anEUmember)andalsocoversconsiderablepartsofCroatia,BosniaandHerzegovina, Serbia,MontenegroandasmallpartofAlbania.ItisthethirdlongesttributaryoftheDanubeRiver(andthe
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largestbydischarge)anditsimportanceintheEuropeancontextingeneralandintheBalkansareamore specificallyisbeyonddoubt.Twoofthethreeprojectstackleddifferentmanagementaspectsoftheriver basin,contributingtotheimplementationoftheWFDinthispartofEuropeand,morespecifically,tothe adoptionoftheRiverBasinManagementPlans.WithregardstothetasksforeseenbytheWaterFramework Directive,theprojectsestablishedthebasisforimplementationbyputtinginplaceprocedures,actionplans anddecisionmakingbodiestofacilitateintegratedriverbasinmanagement. TheLIFE05TCY/CRO/111IBMprojectreachedagreementforanofficialmanagementplanandforthe establishmentofaprogrammeforintegratedriverbasinmanagementforanatureparkinCroatia(Lonjsko Polje).ThisparkisthelargestmaintainedinundationareaintheDanubecatchmentand,atthesametime, thekeyfloodcontrolsystemfortheSavariverbasin.Theprojectensuredthatseveralimportant requirementsoftheWFDcouldbeappliedinthisarea.Morespecifically,itestablishedaStakeholders' Committeetoensureaparticipatoryapproach,elaboratedamanagementplanfortheParkandcollected dataontheecologicalandhabitatstatusofthepark. AmoreambitiousprojectwasthetransboundaryprojectLIFE06TCY/INT/246SAVARIVERBASINwhich aimedtosupporttheelaborationoftheIntegratedRiverBasinManagementPlanfortheRiverandbuild managementcapacityfortheimplementationoftheBirdsandHabitatsDirectivesintheinvolvedcountries. IthadadirectcontributiontotheimplementationofboththeWaterFrameworkandtheFloodDirectives.It identifiedthreatstoNatura2000habitattypesandspeciesanddefinedtheecologicalnetworkinwhich biodiversity,ruraleconomicdevelopment,floodprevention,andotherissuesaretakenintoconsideration. Anotherimportantelementoftheprojectwasitscontributiontotransboundarycooperationinapolitically troubledregion.Infact,theFrameworkAgreementontheSavaRiverBasin(FASRB),whichenteredintoforce inDecember2004,wasthefirstmultilateralagreementintheregionsignedaftertheDaytonPeace Agreement(1995)withBosniaandHerzegovina,Croatia,SerbiaandSloveniaasParties. TheLIFE05TCY/CRO/108CROWATERproject,ontheotherhand,aimedatdevelopingnationalwaterand wastewatermanagementproceduresbysupportingCroatianWatersincreatinganewlaboratoryforanalysis ofbiodegradablecomponentsinwastewater.Theprojectoutputscontributedtothenationalwater protectionstrategyandtothecountry'sultimatecompliancewiththeWFD. Thus,TCYprojectshavemadeavaluablecontributiontotheimplementationoftheWFDinsituationswhere thereisasharedresourceorcommonwaterbody. Asfarascapacitybuildingisconcerned,theLIFETCYfundingtoolhasassistedinthepursuingofthis objectiveinnonEuropeancountriesindifferentways.Forinstanceonalocallevel,fundinghasfacilitated thetransferoftechnologicalknowhowtoimprovewaterandsanitationservices(inEgypt),enhancedthe capacityoflocalauthoritiestoaddressproblemsassociatedwiththetreatmentofdebris,sludgeandwater fromthemarbleindustry(inPalestine),assistedinthedevelopmentofanearlywarningsystemforflash floodsintheSinaipeninsulaandpromotedtransboundarywatermanagementcapacitiesintwo demonstrationmunicipalitiesinbothIsraelandPalestine. Insomecases,projectswerealsosuccessfulininfluencingnationalorregionalregulationsandprocedures. SuchwasthecaseintheLIFE05TCY/TN/150SMASprojectimplementedinAlgeria,MoroccoandTunisia whichfacilitatedtheadoptionofatransboundaryapproachtopreventtheenvironmentaldegradation associatedwithdroughtsinNorthAfrica,byintroducingearlywarningsystemstoenablethecountriesto dealwithandadapttoperiodsoflowrainfall.InthecaseoftheprojectLIFE05TCY/IL/130SUSTAINABLE JORDANfundingwasdecisiveinassistinginthecreationofaregionalframeworkforsustainable developmentintheUpperJordanRiverinIsrael,involvingthepreparationofamasterplanforlanduse designation,environmentalmanagement,floodpreventionandproperdrainage;theputtinginplaceofa participatoryapproach;thedevelopmentofecotourismintheareaandtheenhancementofecological agriculturepractices.
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3.10.
ProjectCosts
3.10.1. TotalCostsandEUCommitment TheWaterUnitrequestedsomeassessmentofthecostsinvolvedindeliveringtheprojects.Firstitmustbe rememberedthattherearetwocostcomponents;thetotalcostoftheprojectwhichincludesthe beneficiaryandpartnercontributions,andthecontributionmadebytheEU.Thissecondcontributionvaries dependingonthetypeofprojectandthedifferentdepreciationratesappliedtoinfrastructureand equipmentcostsinLIFEprojects.Whereverpossiblethefinalcostcalculationoftheprojecthasbeentaken intoaccountthatistheactualcostoftheprojectandtheactualcontributionmadebytheEU.Clearlythis cannotbedoneforprojectswhicharestillopenandinthesecasesthecommitmentcostshavebeen included.Thereforethisassessmentcanonlypaintabroadpictureofthecostsinvolvedindelivery.Table 35belowshowsthebroadbreakdownofprojectcostsforallprojectsandalsobrokendownbyLIFEbrands. Overtheperiod2005through2010theEUhascommittedatotalof215millionEurotoprojectsupporting waterpoliciesandthishasbeenmatchedby292millionEurocomingfromthebeneficiaries,partnersand cofinanciersintheMemberStates.Afurtherbreakdownrevealsthat60%(or129millionEuros)is committedtofundingLIFEENVprojectsandtheremaining40%(or85millionEuros)iscommittedtoLIFE NATprojects.However,LIFEENVprojectsmakeup76%ofthetotalprojectsandsoitcanbeconcludedthat LIFENATprojectscostmoretodeliverthanLIFEENVprojectsintermsofEUcontribution.Thisissupported byaveragecostperprojectdataasthisclearlydemonstratesthataLIFENATprojectcostsintheregionof 50%moreoverallthantheLIFEENVprojectsandtheEUcontributionis,onaverage,1millionEurosper projecthigherforLIFENATprojects. Table35:TotalCostsofDeliveringLIFEProjectsintheWaterSector Totalforallprojects TotalforENV/INFprojects TotalforNATprojects Averagecostperproject AveragecostperENVprojects AveragecostperNATprojects TotalProjectCosts millionEuro 507 333 174 2.5 2.1 3.7 EUContribution millionEuro 215 129 85 1 0.8 1.8 NoofProjects 196 150 46
AcloserexaminationofthedistributionofindividualprojectsshowsthatforLIFEENVprojectsthereisa narrowdistributionwiththemajorityofprojectscostingbetween0.5and2.5millionEurosintotalwithby farthelargestnumberfallingwiththe12millionEurobracket(seeFigure35).Thefigurealsoshowsthat thereareanumberofverysmallprojectswithatotalvalueupto0.5millionEurosandasmallnumberof megaprojectswithveryhighoverallcostsinexcessof10millionEuros. ThehighestandlowestcostprojectsareshowninTable36.Thistableshowsthatprojectswiththehighest totalcostdonotnecessarilyreceivethehighestgrantcontributionfromtheEU,indeedthisisrarelythe case,withthenotableexceptionofLIFE10ENV/DE/158HWCwhichtoppedthelistforbothhighesttotalcost andhighestcommunitycontribution. AtthelowerendofthecostscaletheongoingMalteseprojectLIFE10INF/MT/091InvestinginWaterhad thelowesttotalbudgetandlowestcommunitycommitment.
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Figure35:DistributionofTotalProjectValuesforLIFEENVprojects
Oneinterestingfeaturehasemergedfromthisexercise.IntheBestofEnvironmentprojectsfor2011,three waterprojectsmadeitintothetop5,LIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPP,oneofthehighestbudgetprojects, LIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGnieznooneofthelowestbudgetprojectsandLIFE06ENV/E/044ES WAMAR,a6millionEurobudgetproject.Allhavebeenextremelysuccessfulinimplementingpolicyand haveclearlymadeanimpactwithintheLIFEandWaterUnitsofDGENV(seesection3.11). Table36:HighestandLowestRankingProjectsonTotalCost Ranking Project TotalCost EU Million Contribution Million 16.7 14.4 12.4 9.7 7.8 0.43 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 3.4 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.6 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.17
Top5rankedhighesttotalcostprojects 1 LIFE10ENV/DE/158HWC 2 LIFE10ENV/NL/028OMZET 3 LIFE06ENV/D/478IWPM 4 LIFE05ENV/UK/127QUERCUS 5 LIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPP Bottom5rankedlowesttotalcostprojects LIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGniezno 5 4 LIFE10ENV/SK/086Geohealth 3 LIFE07/INF/UK/750Ecoanimation 2 LIFE10INF/FI/052Saimaanlohikalojen 1 LIFE10INF/MT/091InvestinginWater
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Figure36:DistributionofTotalProjectValuesforLIFENATprojects
Figure36showsthedistributionpatternforLIFENATbrandofprojects.Themajorityofprojectsinthis brandtypehaveatotalcostbetween0.5and4.5millionEuroswiththegreatestnumberofprojectsfallingin the1.52millioncostcategory.Therearenoverysmallprojectswithbudgetsupto0.5millionEurosand thelowesttotalcostprojectisLIFE09INF/GR/319PROM.SUS.FIS.PR.PRESPAwithatotalbudgetof0.75 millionEuro.Thereisagreaterpercentageofhighcostprojects,i.e.projectswithatotalcostofover10 millionEuro,intheLIFENATbrand(6%)thanintheLIFEENVbrand(2%).Thehighesttotalcostprojectis LIFE07NAT/E/732INDEMARES(15.4millionEuros)andtheprojectwhichreceivesthehighestcommunity contributionisLIFE05NAT/DK/153Houting(8.0millionEuros). 3.10.2. ProjectcostsbyDirective ThecostsforeachDirectivehavebeenanalysedinanefforttodeterminehowthecostsoftheLIFE programmeareallocated.OnlythoseDirectiveswherethereisenoughdatatomakeareasonableanalysis havebeenexaminedandtheresultsareshowninTable37.Itshouldbenotedthatsomeprojectsconsider morethanoneDirectiveandsothecostsforsomeprojectswillappearinmorethanonecategory.TheWFD isthedirectivewhichreceivesmostattentionintermsofnumberofprojectsandintermsoftotalEU commitmentofsome137millionEurosbetween2005and2010.TheMSFDisservedbyamuchsmaller numberofprojectsandconsequentlyattractslessfundingwithonly36millionEuroscommittedbytheEUin thesametimeframe.TheotherDirectivesexaminedareonlyappropriatetotheLIFEENVbrandandsohave feweroverallprojects.TheUWWTandNitratesDirectivesaremoreorlessequallyservedbytheLIFE programmewithcommittedfundsof23and25millionEurosrespectivelywhiletheGroundwaterDirective hastheleastnumberofprojectsandreceivessome14millionEurosfromtheEUinordertoimplementthe projects.
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Table37:CostBreakdownbyDirective
TotalProjects
Total EU Noof costs15 Commitment Projects Total Costs
LIFEENV/INF
EU Noof Commitment Projects Total Costs
LIFENAT
EU Noof Commitment Projects
WFD 323 137 123 219 88 98 103 49 25 MSFD 72 36 28 25 11 13 47 25 15 UWWT 66 23 28 66 23 28 0 0 0 Nitrates 50 25 25 50 25 25 0 0 0 Groundwater 27 12 14 27 12 14 0 0 0 TheaveragecostperprojectfordeliveryisshowninTable38andalthoughtheWFDprojectstendtohavea slightlyhigherunitcostthanotherprojectsthereisverylittledifferenceinthecostofdeliverybetweenthe Directivesforanysingleproject.However,withintheWFDandMSFDtheaveragecostofNATprojectsis muchhigherthanthatoftheENVprojects.FortheWFDtheaveragetotalcostofanENVprojectis2.2 millionagainstaNATprojectof4.1millionEurosandfortheMSFDthefiguresare1.9and3.1millionEuros respectively;onceagainemphasisingthefactthatNATprojectsaremorecostlytodeliveronaperproject basis. Table38:AverageCostofProjects AverageTotalCostof Project Million 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.9 AverageEU Commitment Million 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8
WFD MSFD UWWT Nitrates Groundwater
Themajorityofprojectsarerelativelylowcostconsideringthatmanyofthemdelivernewtechnologiesor tryoutmanagementapproachesonarelativelylargescale.ThereisnoclearreasonwhyNATprojectscost almosttwiceasmuchasENVprojects,however,exceptperhapsthatNATprojectsdoundertakemore concreteactionsoverawiderareaandmanyincludelandpurchase,NATprojectsaregenerallylongerthan ENVprojectsandtheEUfinancialcontributioncanbegreaterinaNATproject. 3.10.3. CostComparisonwithotherProgrammes FindingdirectlycomparabledataonotherEUprogrammesisdifficultbuttherearesomepublisheddatathat illustratewhetherLIFEprojectsarereasonableintermsofcostofdelivery.Acomparisonbetweenthe averagecostsofdeliveringaprojectunderdifferentEUfundingmechanisms16,17ispresentedinFigure37 below.Itisappreciatedthatalltheprogrammesrepresentedinthefigurehavedifferentpurposesand objectiveswhichmakesdirectcomparisonproblematic.However,itisstillusefultolookatthecostsof deliveryofthevariousprogrammesasthisdoesgivesomeindicationofvalueformoney.
15
16
AllcostsaregiveninmillionsofEuros http://www.eulaks.eu/attach/EULAKS_Deliverable_D.1.2_IRD_LAC_Project_Participation.pdf 17 http://www.cadses.net/media/files/CADSES_Results_Brochures/1143_cadses_results_iii_web.pdf
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Interestingly,theLIFEENVbrandhasoneofthelowestcostsperprojectofalltheprogrammesandthereis verylittledifferencebetweentheEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFund(ERDF),InterregandFF7packages whichallfallbetween1.9and2.6millionEuroperproject.Interestingly,theIntegratedWaterManagement strandoftheInterregprogramme,whichisarguablytheclosestmatchtotheLIFEwaterprojects,isidentical totheaveragecostofaLIFEprojectinthewatersector. Figure37:TotalCostComparisonLIFEvsotherEUFunds
LIFENATprojectsareamongstthemostcostlyandareonlysurpassedbyFP6projects.GiventhatLIFE projectsareextremelysuccessful,withsome80%ofprojectsachievingtheirobjectivesaccordingtotheex postevaluationoftheLIFEIIIprogramme,theLIFEprogrammecanbeconsideredtobecosteffectiveand goodvalueformoneyatleastincomparisonwithotherEUfundedprojects. 3.11. BestofLIFEprojects
OnewayofrecognisingthesuccessofaLIFEprojectisthroughtheBestofLIFEprojectawardswhichare madeonanannualbasis.ScoringofcompletedLIFEprojectsbeganin2004.Thesystemwasintroducedby theCommission,followinganinitiativetakenbySwedenandtheNetherlands.Asetofbestpracticecriteria (adaptedtoeachstrand)wasdevelopedincollaborationwiththeMemberStates.Thesecriteriaincluded: projectscontributiontoimmediateandlongtermenvironmental,economicandsocialimprovements;their degreeofinnovationandtransferability;theirrelevancetopolicyandtheircosteffectiveness.Inviewofthe importanceoftheseaspectstoprojectsuccess,projectbeneficiariesarealsorequiredtoprovideanAfter LIFECommunicationPlanandananalysisofthelongtermbenefitsoftheprojectwiththeirfinalreport.This informationformsanintegralpartoftheevaluationprocess. AllcompletedprojectsareinitiallytechnicallyassessedbytheLIFEUnitsexternalmonitoringteam(the Astraleconsortium).Themonitorsrankalltheprojectsthatendedduringtheyeartoproduceafirstlist.The finalselectionisundertakenbytheMemberStates. TheobjectiveoftheexerciseistohelpimprovethedisseminationofLIFEprojectresultsbyclearlyidentifying thoseprojectswhoseresults,ifwidelyapplied,couldhavethemostpositiveimpactontheenvironment. Clearlythisonlyappliestoprojectsthathaveofficiallyclosedandso,intermsofthisreport,onlythose projectsfrom2005,2006andafewfrom2007willhavebeenevaluatedintermsoftheBestofLIFEprojects awards.ThebestLIFEwaterprojectstodateareshowninTable39andcoverbothLIFEENVandLIFENAT brands.Detailsoftheseprojectscanbefoundbyclickingonthewebsitelinksbelow.
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Table39:BestofLIFEAwardsWaterProjects AwardYear 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 Project LIFE05ENV/GR/245EnviFriendly LIFE06ENV/NL/167WET IFE05ENV/IT/868PERBIOF LIFE05ENV/DK/155AGWAPLAN LIFE05ENV/B/510TOPPS LIFE05ENV/B/517INSIMEP LIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoon LIFE06ENV/UK/409OpenMILIFE LIFE06ENV/B/362ECOTECSTC LIFE05NAT/D/057LippeAue LIFE05NAT/UK/143STREAM LIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPP LIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGniezno LIFE06ENV/E/044ESWAMAR Weblink http://www.envifriendly.tuc.gr/ http://www.perbiofeurope.com/ http://www.agwaplan.dk/agwaplan.htm http://www.toppslife.org/web/page.asp http://wwwa.vito.be/insimep/ http://www.lifekolisoon.it/ http://www.openmilife.org/ http://www.hydrex.be/ www.lifelippeaue.de http://www.streamlife.org.uk/ http://www.moveablehepp.com/ http://www.lifeeswamar.eu/
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4. ANALYSISOFTHEACHIEVEMENTSOFLIFEENV/INFPROJECTSINTHE WATERSECTOR
4.1. SWOTAnalysis Atotalof33projectswereselectedtogoforwardforfurtheranalysis.Selectionwasbasedonthefollowing criteria: Projectmusthavesometangibleresults. Goodcrosssectionofthedirectives. NumberofWFDpolicyelements(projectsdealingwithmorethanoneWFDissues). Projectisapprovedbythemonitoringteam(forgoodimplementation). Geographicvariety(ensuringgeographicvarietyfrommanyMemberStates). TheseprojectshavebeenanalysedtoidentifytheareasinwhichLIFEwaterprojectsareespeciallysuccessful (Strengths),areasinwhichprojectshavefailedtomeettheirpolicyobjectives(Weaknesses),examplesof projectscontributingtothedevelopmentofnewwaterrelatedpoliciesandlegislation(Opportunities)and continuingornewthreatswhichmakeitdifficultforLIFEwaterprojectstoimplementpolicy(Threats).Itis importanttounderlinethatsomeoftheprojectsanalysedarestillongoing,andhencetheanalysisisbased onprogressandresultstodate.ItisalsoimportanttonotethatthefullimpactsofLIFEprojectsareoftennot visibleattheendoftheprojectsandthatitmaytaketimeforprojectstofeedintothedevelopmentof policyandtotransfertoothersettings.SWOTanalysesforall33selectedprojectscanbefoundinAnnex4. 4.2. AreasinwhichLIFEwaterprojectsareespeciallysuccessful(Strengths)
ThestrengthsofLIFEprojectsliein 1. Alternativeremediationapproaches eightmainwaterrelatedareas, 2. Alternativepreventativesolutions whicharediscussedinmoredetail 3. Managementsolutionsforwastewatertreatment inthefollowingsubchaptersand inurbanenvironments areindicatedinBox2(adjacent 4. Assessmentandimprovementsofquantitative text).Alsoincludedisasection (see4.2.9)thatdealswithstand statusofgroundwater alonesuccesseswhichfocuseson 5. Newtechnologiesforthecontinuousmonitoring projectswhichhaveexcelledin ofsurfacewaters deliveryofanisolatedissuethatis 6. Costeffectiveprogrammeofmeasures perhapscountryspecific,develops 7. TheHorizontalApproachlinkingwater cuttingedgetechnologyor managementtootherpolicysectors demonstratesinnovativepractice inaspecifictopicarea.Common 8. Projectswithhighpotentialfortransferability threads,relatedtothedifferent 9. StandaloneSuccesses policies,aredrawntogetherin section4.7below. Box2:StrengthsoftheLIFEprojects 4.2.1. Alternativeremediationapproaches ThroughouttheLIFEprogramme18investigatedduringthisstudy,projectproponentshavebeenparticularly
18
LIFEIII,LIFE+andLIFE10
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successfulindevelopingalternativeremediationapproachestoenvironmentalproblemsasthecasestudies thatfollowdemonstrate. ABelgianprojectLIFE05ENV/B/517INSIMEPdemonstratedtheprecipitationofmetalsinsituby accelerationofbiogeochemicalprocessesthatmayoccurnaturally.Thestrengthsoftheprojectwerethe differenthydrogeologicalconditionsatthethreetestsites,thecombinationoftwodifferentmetalsateach siteandthethoroughuseofmodellingtoexplaintheresultsandtodesignafullscaleremediation.This techniqueprovedtobemoresustainablethanpumpandtreatasnoabovegroundwasteisproduced;less electricityisconsumed,whichreducesthecarbonfootprint;andthereisnodischargetosurfacewater. LIFE08ENV/IT/390ECOMAWARUisintheprocessof developingawaterandwastewatermanagementscheme adoptingphytodepurationwithmicroalgaetosignificantly improvethequalityofeffluentthatisreusedforirrigation LIFE08ENV/IT/390ECOMAWARU purposes.Theprojectisimplementingtwotreatmentplants atdifferentscales:oneatanurbancatchmentarea, designedtotreatonlyaportionoftheentirewastewater flowandoneinaruralsettingthattreatstheentire wastewaterflow.Theapplicationofmicrophytodepuration systemscouldpresentseveralopportunitiesbecausethey needsmallersurfacesthanmacrophyteprocessesand becausetheyobtainaproductwithanaddedvalue, microalgalbiomass,whichcouldbedirectlyreusedin agricultureasnitrogenousfertiliseror,dependingonthe qualityandquantity,usedforproducingchemicals,animal feedsorbiodiesel.Thenewtechnologiesdevelopedbythe projectareeasytomanageandecologicallyfriendly.They couldbeintegratedintoruralcommunities,particularly thosesparselypopulatedcommunitiesthatsufferfroma lackofsuitablesewagetreatmentfacilities.Theprojectis producingahandbookcontainingtechnicaldocumentation aboutdesign,installation,maintenance,managementand controlproceduresofthephytodepurationsystem,to enhancethereproducibilityoftheapproachinother locations. ADutchprojectLIFE06ENV/NL/167WETwasalso successfulindemonstratingthetechnicalfeasibilityofa Microphytodepurationsystem numberofinnovativewastewatertreatmentprocessesto achievethestandardsforeffluentsetintheWFD.The projectdevelopedaprocesstoremovephosphate(P)by metalsaltdosingandnitrate(N)usingacarbonsource supporteddentrificationprocessthatcanbecombinedinaonefilterconfiguration.Thisresultedina structuralachievementoftheWFDstandardsforPtotal(<0,15mgPtotal/l)andNtotal(<2,2mgNtotal/l). TheprojectalsodevelopedtheuseofAdvancedOxidationProcessesresultinginareductionofmedical remnantsandpesticidesbymorethan70%andachievedadisinfectionleveluptothehygienelimitssetin theBathingWaterDirective.Theremovalofheavymetals,organicmicropollutantsandsuspendedsolids wasalsoachievedusingthesamecombinationoftechniques ThesinglefiltersetupoftheprocessenablestheWFDvaluesfornitrateandphosphatetobeachievedata considerablylowercost(about50%)thanthesetupwithseparatefiltersforNandPremoval.Theremoval ofotherWFDprioritysubstanceswasalsoinvestigatedinthesecondmonitoringphaseoftheproject,in
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whichAdvancedOxidationProcesses(usingozone,hydrogenperoxideanduvlight)weretestedandproved successful. AnotherDutchprojectLIFE07ENV/NL/576PHARMAFILTERprovidesinnovativemethodstotreathospital wastewater.ThePharmafilterconceptaimsatprocessingsolidorganicwasteandwastewaterinahospital environmentinanintegralmannerthatwillleadtotherecyclingofcomponentsandproductionofenergy. ThePharmafilterunitthatwassetupbytheproject(amobileunitoutsideofthehospitalthattreats hospitalwastewaterandorganicwaste)hasbeenprocessingallwastewater(withhumanfaeces)froma hospitalsinceNovember2010.FurthermoresinceJanuary2011theinstallationbeganprocessingsome organicwaste(frombedpans,kitchenwastes,etc)byconnectingagrindertothePharmafilterunit.A secondgrinderwasinstalledinMarch2011andanother18grinderswereinstalledintheperiodupto September2011.Theprojectisinitsclosingstagesbutindependentqualifiedlaboratoryresearchhas alreadyprovedthatPharmafilterremovesmedicines,germs,cytostatica,rntgencontrastliquidsand hormonedisturbingsubstancesfromthewater.Pharmafilterusesdifferentpurificationstepstoeradicate andcleanthewastewaterofmedicines.Theendresultisclean,purifiedwater(includingdisinfection throughozone)whichatthefinalstageisapparentlycleanenoughtodrink.Furthermore,theprojectalso demonstratesresourceefficiency,astheorganicmaterial,includingthebioplasticproductsisdigestedand thetotalmassisreducedby90%.Thedigestionprocessconvertsthesolidmatterintobiogas,thenthis biogasisusedforheatingupthedigestersanddeliverspowertothewaterpurificationplant(6070%of energyusedbythePharmafilterisgeneratedbytheunitfrommethane).Thisdigestionprocesseliminates virusesandbacteriaandthedigestionofthewasterequiresfewertruckstotransportthewasteaway.The remainingwastewillberecycledorturnedintoasecondsourceofenergy. 4.2.2. Alternativepreventativesolutions Inmanycasespollutedgroundwatercontainsamixtureofbothorganicandinorganiccontaminants.The abatementofsuchpollutantmixturesisnotpossiblewithasimplebarrier/zonebasedontheremovalof pollutantsbyeitherphysicochemicalorbiologicalmeans.However,suchpollutantmixturesmightbe treatedusingacombinationofdifferentreactivebarriers/zones.Suchacombinationisdefinedasa MultifunctionalPermeableBarrier(MULTIBARRIER).Thisapproachrequirestheefficientsynergistic interactionandcompatibilityofdifferentpollutantremovalprocesses,oftenofmicrobialandphysico chemicalkeycomponentsofthesystem. ABelgianprojectLIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMdemonstratedamultibarrierasasustainablesolution forpreventingmixedcontaminantsspreadingingroundwater.Theapproachdevelopedconsistsofatailor madecombinationofdifferenttypesofpermeablereactivebarriersandreactivezonesinwhichpollutant removalprocessesareactive.Groundwaterflowsthroughthesystemduringwhichthepollutantsare degradedorimmobilised.Assuchmultibarrierspreventfurtherspreadingofthepollutiontothe downstreamarea.Aswellastriallingseveralinnovativemultibarrierconcepts(includingtheuseofgrape markasaslowreleaseCsourceinabarrier;andtheuseofzeolitesasaninsitubufferwithpotentialfor autoregeneration),thefactthattheprojectwasperformingfieldtrialsasopposedtothemorecommon laboratoryscaleevaluationsofmultibarriers,includingthedemonstrationofclassicalbiological nitrification/denitrificationunderinsituconditions,wasinitselfinnovative. TheLIFE06ENV/F/133ArtWetprojectfocusedonpreventingagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutionby pesticidesthroughtheestablishmentoflowcostvegetatedtreatmentsystems(biologicalsystems)to mitigatetheriskofpollution.Theprojectachievedahighdemonstrationvaluebydelivering11prototype constructedwetlandsinfourdifferentcountrieswhichachievedaretentionperformancerangingbetween 40and80%of18pesticidesoveratwoyearmonitoringperiod.Atechnicalguidewasproducedtoenable thelowcosttechniquetobereadilytransferredtootherlocationsandothersectors(suchasurbanrunoff watertreatment,othernonpointsourcepollutionsuchasnitrateorphosphoruspollution,erosionlimiting, downstreambiodiversityprotection)forsmallscaleimplementation.Theprojectidentifiedconstraintsin settingupartificialwetlandsincurrentlegalframeworksinthreedifferentcountriesconcludingthata
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harmonisationofEuropeanlegislationwouldbeneededtomakethesettingupofconstructedwetlands easier. 4.2.3. Managementsolutionsforwastewaterintheurbanenvironment Surfacewatersandstormwatersfromurbanareaspresentaconsiderableproblemwhendischarging pollutantstothesewagesystem.Therearefewmethodstotreatpollutedrunoffwatersandlargevolumes ofpollutedsurfacewaterendupbeingprocessedinnormalmunicipalwastewatertreatmentplants,which cannotcopewithoccasionallargevolumes.LIFE06ENV/DK/229TREASUREsuccessfullydemonstrateda selectionofrobust,efficientandsimpletechnologiesincludingsedimentation,plantuptake,filtrationand fixedmediaadditivesfortheextendedtreatmentofstormwaterrunofffromsmall,mediumsizedandlarge urbancatchments.Thetreatmentfacilities,whichdemonstratedanaveragepollutantreductionrateof70 85%,wereconstructedasnaturalandrecreationalelementsintheformofseminaturallakesorponds.By contributingtoapositiveimprovementintheaestheticalandrecreationalvalueoftheurbanenvironment, thedemonstrationplants/pondsreceivedsupportfromthelocalcommunity,aswellascontributingtothe environmentalawarenessoflocalpeople.Thetechnologycanalsobeappliedforrelatedpurposessuchas treatingdrinkingwaterpollutedwith,forexample,arsenicorheavymetalsortreatmentofphosphorous pollutedsurfacewaters. Theprincipleofdealingwithsurfacewaterrunoffatsourceisanestablishedpracticeinthedevelopment andredevelopmentofsurfacerunoffsystems(includingSustainableUrbanDrainageSystems(SUDS))in manypartsoftheworld,butthereislackofexperienceinSouthernEuropeancountries.Inthisregard,LIFE 08ENV/E/099AQUAVALaimstoextendtheuseofSUDStoregionswheretheyarenotcurrentlyused throughthedemonstrationoftechniquesincludingbioretentionzones,detentionbasins,filterdrains,filter strips,flowcontrolsystems,infiltrationtrenchesandbasins,permeablepaving,retentionponds,soakaways, swalesandwetlandsintwomunicipalitiesintheValenciaregion.Theprojectisalsointheprocessof developingsustainableUrbanWaterManagementPlansforbothmunicipalities.Theprojectisinastrong positiontodemonstratethepotentialbenefitstothelocalareaotherthanimprovedwaterquality(including realisingeconomicadvantagesfromtheuseofgreywaterandthebenefitsfromareductionintheurban heatislandaffect).ThereisalsoasignificantopportunitytoincorporatetheuseofSUDSinurbanplanning requirementsfornewdevelopmentsasaconsequenceoftheresultsobtainedfromtheproject,aswellas thepromotionoftheuseofthetechniquesandstrategiesbetweenarchitectsandengineers. LIFE10ENV/DE/158HWCJenfelderAuisintheearlystagesofdemonstratinganintegratedwastewater disposalandenergygenerationsystemdesignedtoimprovewaterqualitybypreventingrainandgreywater frombeingpollutedwithblackwaterandtosaveenergybysystematicallytreatingandutilisingseparated wastewaterstreams.Thesystem,whichisbeingintegratedintothedevelopmentof700newapartmentsin Hamburgaimstominimisethedilutionofsewagewithdrinkingwaterbytheuseofvacuumtoilets.The systemwillbesubjecttoanenvironmentalandeconomiccostbenefitanalysistoassessthepotential viabilityoftheschemeanditstransferabilitytootherhousingdevelopments. 4.2.4. Assessmentandimprovementsofquantitativestatusingroundwater TwoprojectsbasedinItalyaredemonstratingdifferentapproachestoimprovingthequantitativestatusof groundwaterundercurrentnegativedrawdownconditionsandfutureclimatescenarios.LIFE06ENV/IT/255 A.S.A.Pdevelopedaprocedureforpreventingtheoverexploitationofgroundwatersystemsthroughan integratedapproachtooptimisingnetworksthatcombinestechnologiessuchasleakdetectors,GISand modellingsystemsandsimulators.Theprojectsuccessfullydemonstratedtheapproachonanaquiferfed systeminPisa,reducinggroundwaterabstractionby11%andreducingsystemlossesfromleaksby15%over thecourseoftheproject.Asaresult,thenegativedrawdowntrendofthepiezometricleveloftheaquifer wasreversedwithanaveragebuildupof+0.3mfrom2005to2008andpeaksrangingfrom0.5mto1m.The approachalsoreducedenergyconsumptionfrompumping(andtherelatedemissions)by10%.TheASAP Protocolraisedremarkableinterestamonglocalandregionalpublicadministrators.Itwasincludedinthe
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WhitePaper"AStrategyforWaterSupplyinTuscany"andhasbeenreplicatedatthewaterutilityofthe FioraAqueduct(anotherutilityofToscanaRegion).AswellascontributingtotheWFDobjectiveof improvingthequantitativestatusofgroundwater,theprojectalsoprovidedapotentialcontributionin achievingasustainableeconomicandpricingmodelforwatersupply.Financialresourcesforbulk reconstructionand/orrehabilitationofwaternetworksareseldomavailable.Moreoftenannualallocations sufficejustformaintenancewithalimitedquotaforongoingrehabilitation.Theprojectprotocoltranslates evenlimitedresourcesintoeffectiveactionplansforefficientabstractionandleakagecutdown,increasing thelifeofinfrastructure,reducingmaintenancecostsofplantsandfacilities,reducingmeantimebetween failuresandmeantimetorestore. LIFE07ENV/IT/475TRUSTisintheprocessofdevelopinganapproachtoadaptthegroundwaterresourcesof theVenetoandFriuliPlaintotheadverseimpactsoffutureclimatechange.Theprojectisusinga combinationofclimatechangescenariosthatsupplythetemporalseriesofprecipitation,temperatureand evapotranspirationforthe21stcenturythatwillaffectthehydrologicalbalanceinthestudyarea;remote sensingtechniquesbasedontheelaborationofsatelliteimagestodeterminethewaterdeficitforirrigation ofsummercropsinthestudyarea;andmathematicalmodelsofthehydrologicbasinsandgroundwaterto establishhowthehydrogeologywillevolveinconsiderationofclimatechangeanddetermineappropriate measures(includingmanagedaquiferrechargeusingsurfacefloodwaters)toensuresustainabilityof groundwaterresources.Theprojectareaisextremelycomplexfromthehydrogeologicalandwater managementperspectivesasitgathersawidevarietyofwateruses(irrigation,hydropowergeneration, domesticdrinkingwatersuppliesandindustrialusers).Theprojecthassofarbeenverysuccessfulin enhancingthegovernanceandintegratedmanagementofwaterresourcesoftheriverbasinbyengaging thesestakeholdersthroughatechnicalboard. 4.2.5. Newtechnologiesforthecontinuousmonitoringofsurfacewaters Currently,themonitoringofsurfacewaterpollutantsgenerallyinvolvesadhocanalysisofwatersamples collectedwithinspecificmonitoringcampaigns.Theseapproachesareoftentimeconsuming,labour intensiveandexpensivetooperate.However,theimplementationoftheWFDrequiresMemberStatesto gainabetterunderstandingofprioritypollutants(chemical(aslistedinWFDAnnexII)andbiological) enteringsurfacewatersthroughtheestablishmentofmonitoringstrategiesthatcombinesurveillancewith operationalandinvestigativemonitoring. LIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoonhasdevelopedamonitoringdevice LIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoon enablingtherapid,lowcostassessmentoffaecalpollution.The systemiscapableoffullyautomatedsampling,filtration, detectionanddatatransmissionofthefaecalindicatorbacteria Escherichiacoli,providingoperatorsandregulatorswithan onlinesolutionformonitoringsuddenvariationsinmicrobial contaminationofeffluentandaneffectiveearlywarningsystem topreventpollutionepisodes.Withassessmenttimestakingjust afewhours,thesystemeliminatestheanomalyofbeingableto gaugethemicrobiologicalqualityofwaterbodiesonly24hours afterasamplehasbeentaken.Thistimelapsehaslongposeda threattopublichealth,particularlywherebathingwatersare Developmentofaninnovative, involved,andincreasinglyfromthereuseoftreated/untreated lowcostprototypemonitoring wastewaterinaneverwideningrangeofapplications.The systemenablingrapid prototypealsoprovidesafeedbacktoolforthedisinfection assessmentoffaecalpollution. process,enablingtheamountofdisinfectanttobefinely regulatedaccordingtothelevelrequired.Thetechnologyis transferabletoawiderangeofendusersincludingwastewater facilities,environmentalagencies,andthedisinfectionindustry.
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LIFE10ENV/ES/521AQUATIKisintheearlystagesoftestingnewmethodsandtechniquesforthemonitoring ofselectedprioritypollutantsinsurfacewaters.Theprojectseekstodevelopanewautomatedprototypeto measurepollutantsdischargedinwastewatereffluentsandrelatedspillsinquasirealtime.FromtheWFD listofprioritypollutants,theprojectwillfocusonseven,includingpesticides,alkylphenolsandphthalates. ThesehavebeenselectedduetotheirwidespreadpresenceinwatersacrossEuropeandespeciallyinthe studyarea.Theprojectwilldesignandconstructanautomatedselfcontrolleddeviceforthedetectionof theselectedprioritysubstancesandthendemonstratetheprototypeatselectedwastewatertreatment plantsintheBarcelonaarea. 4.2.6. Costeffectiveprogrammeofmeasures TheWaterFrameworkDirectiveschedulehassetthedefinitionoftheProgrammesofMeasures(POM)in 2009asamilestoneinachievinggoodecologicalstatus(GES)ofwatersby2015.ThedefinitionofthePOM shouldideallybetheoptimizedcombinationofimplementationcostsandecologicaleffects.Inpractice,the POMwillbeinfluencedbypoliticalagendas,thelevelofplanningdetailandvalidityofthesupportingdata; allofwhichwillbehighlyvariable.Hence,thereisaneedforaccompanyingscientificactionsthatwillguide andbenchmarktheintendedPOMintheirdevelopmentstages.Thisisespeciallytrueforthelessobvious environmentalpressuresonwaterbodies.Sofarthereareonlyafewtoolsforevaluatingmeasureswith respecttotheireffectontheecologicalstatusofsurfacewaterbodies. TheongoingLuxembourgprojectLIFE07ENV/L/540M3isveryimportantfromthisperspectiveasitis applyingthelatestdevelopmentsinmonitoringandmodellingconceptstospecificriverbasinmanagement measures.TheM3project(oncecompleted)willprovidethewatermanagersinthethreeparticipating regionswithstateoftheartmeanstooptimizedecisionsupport,planningandmonitoringofefficiencyof waterbasinmanagementmeasures.Thiswillbeachievedthroughacombineduseofmonitoringand modellinginthreeregionsofdistincthydrologicalandeconomicalcatchmentstructure.Furthermore,the projectwillapplyemissionsmodelstothethreeregionstogetherwithacriticalanalysisofinputdataneeds andcostefficiencyfordecisionsupport.Theprojectisalsointheprocessofdevelopingoverallpractical guidelinesandfieldreportsontheoptimaluseofmodelsandmonitoringtofulfiltheWFDrequirementsin threeregionswithcatchmentsofdifferentscales,hydrologyandhumanimpactsandpressures.Theproject hasalreadyidentifiedthatregulatorsandriverbasinmanagersprefertoadheretothresholdmotivated monitoringthanmonitoringaimedatimprovingprocessunderstandingandsourceallocation/quantification. TheprojectemphasisesthatthelatterareprerequisitesforthesuccessfulinitiationofPOM.Theprojecthas alsodiscoveredthatmonitoringcampaignsareneededtoconfirmthemagnitudeofacertainpressure,i.e. viathecalculationofriverloadsortheestimationofexposure.19 ADanishprojectLIFE05ENV/DK/145OdensePRBAgriPoMwasveryusefulasitdemonstratedthe developmentofacosteffectiveprogrammeofmeasurestoreducelevelsofnitrogenandphosphorous originatingfromagriculturalactivitiesintheOdenseriverbasin.ItpreparedaPilotRiverBasinmanagement plan,elaboratedaninputfortheEUStrategicSteeringGroup,aswellasdemonstratedandmadeavailable theprojectsresultstootherenvironmentalandruraldevelopmentauthoritiesandstakeholderswithinthe EU.
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ModellingMonitoringManagementMonitoringdataassessmentreport,Applicationofintegrativemodellingandmonitoringapproachesforriverbasin managementevaluationhttp://www.lifem3.eu/fileadmin/M3life/downloads/guidelines/Monitoring_Data_Assessment.pdf
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4.2.7. TheHorizontalApproachlinkingwatermanagementtootherpolicysectors LIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPPverysuccessfullyimplementedtwosmallscalehydropowerplants, whereamoveableturbineandgeneratorunitareplacedintoanexistingriverweirwhereitiscombinedwith othermeasuressuchasfishladderstoenableupstreammigration.Thisinnovativetechnicalapproachallows watertoflowthroughtheturbineforpowergeneration, andoverandunderit,improvingfishmigration,bedload transportationandfloodsafety.Thetechnology demonstrated forthefirsttimethattheecological LIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPP aspectsofthereestablishmentoffishpassabilityandbed loadtransportcanbecombinedwithpositiveeconomic aspects,animprovementintheefficiencyofhydropower plantsandimprovementsinfloodcontrol.Theapproach isindependentfromnational/regionalaspectsandmerely dependsonthesizeandshapeofariver.Thereare hundredsofsmallweirs(withlowheads)inEurope,and indeedacrosstheworld,thatmaybesuitableforthis technologyandtheinterestfrompotentialbuyersisvery high,withtwofurtherpowerplantsalreadyunder construction. LIFE05NAT/DK/153Houtingisoncoursetoachieveits mainobjectivesofremovingphysicalbarrierstothe migrationoftheCoregonusoxyrhyncus(Houting)infour riversystems(ensuringaccesstoapproximately117km ofwatercourses),thereestablishmentofthenatural hydrologicalregimeinover20kmoftheriverVardeand therestorationofsome25kmofphysicallydegraded watercourse.Buildingontherecommendationsofthe NationalManagementPlansforHoutingandSalmon,the projectistargetingthewholerangeoftheHoutingin DenmarkandtheEU.Theprojectisexpectedtoleadto animprovedconditioninfourDanishNatura2000sites, housinginadditiontoHoutinganumberofotherAnnexIIspecies,includingSalmosalar,Alosafallax, Petromyzonmarinus,Lampetrafluviatilis,LutralutraandMargaritiferamargaritifera.Whilsttheproject specificallycontributestotheHabitatsDirective,itwillalsoassistinmeetingtheobjectivesoftheWater FrameworkDirectivebyrestoringthecontinuityandnaturalwaterregimeoffourriversystems. LIFE07ENV/B/038WALPHYdirectlyrespondstoWFDrequirementsbyundertakingworktomaintainor recoverthegoodecologicalstatusoftwowaterbodiesaspartoftheWalloniaregionalplantoimplement theWFD.TheprojectisalsorealisingbenefitsintermsoftheHabitatsDirectivebyimprovingconditionsfor Atlanticsalmon,seatroutSalmotruttaandeelAnguillaanguilla,andhasimplicationsfortheRenewable EnergyDirectiveasitworkswithsmallscalehydropowerdeveloperstoimplementalternativemeasuresto damremoval. Theprojectisagoodexampleofeconomic factors(theproductionandsaleof electricity)drivingecological improvements,withthetechnology helpingtofulfilthegoalsoftheRhine ActionProgramme,Salmon2000and Rhine2020aswellastheWater FrameworkDirective,HabitatsDirective andRenewableEnergyDirective. 4.2.8. Projectswithhighpotentialfortransferability ItisimportanttounderlinethatthesuccessofLIFEprojectsisoftennotvisibleattheendoftheprojects. Innovativeprojectsoftenhaveproblemsduringtheearlystagesduetotechnicaladversitiesorplanning obstaclesandthebreakthroughofthetechnologytobedemonstratedcomesonlyaftertheendofthe project.Inmanagementorprocessprojectsmuchdependsonwhetherthestakeholdersarewillingtotake uptheoutcomeoftheprojectandmoveitforward.Thereforeanyassessmentofthesustainabilityofa projectisfrequentlysubjectiveandbasedonthepotentialfortheprojectoutcometobetransferredor
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replicatedratherthanobjectivelybasedonactualresults. Anumberofwaterprojectswereidentifiedthathaveeitheralreadystartedtotransfertheirresultstoother regions,MemberStatesoroutsideoftheEU,orhavehighpotentialtodosooncefullyimplemented. Forexample,inthecaseofLIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPP,followingthesuccessfuldemonstrationof themoveablehydropowerplanttechnologythebeneficiaryalmostimmediatelycommencedfurther installationsinGermany(Thurfeld(2x900kW)andHausach(300kW))andwasatthecontractingstagefor theinstallationofplantsinTheNetherlands(2x800kW),Austria(7with650kW,12with1.300kWeach) andafurtherfourplantsinGermany(600kWand1,250kW).Thebeneficiaryalsocommencedtheprocess ofconductingfeasibilitystudiesforsome80plantsinAfrica,andhasattractedinterestfromThailandand othernonEUstatesthroughregularguidedtoursoftheLIFEfundeddemonstrationplants. Theguidelinesforusingecosystemsapproachestoreversingdamagetothemarineenvironmentdeveloped byLIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCEShavebeenspecificallydevelopedtobetransferabletoanyregion/seaarea. TheNorthSeaCommissionhasalreadyindicateditsintentiontoadoptthePISCESstakeholderengagement modelforNorthernNorthSeawhilsttheBalticSeaRegionalProgrammehasalsobeenengagedwithPISCES. LIFE10NAT/AT/016NetzwerkDonaurepresentsthelargestLIFEprojecteverfundedinAustriaandhas significantpotentialfortransferability.Theprojectaimstoimplementmeasurestoimprovetheconservation statusofwaterbasedhabitatsalongtheentiretyoftheDanubeanditstributariesinAustria.Byforminga partoftheimplementationofAustriasNationalWaterManagementPlanandstrategyfortheDanubethe projectisnotonlyamilestoneforAustria,itiscitedasanimportantguidepostalongthepathtoward improvingtheDanubeacrossEurope.Theprojectisintendedtoprovideanexampleattheinternational level,withboththetechnicalmethodologyandthestrategicapproachofdevelopingacompleteplan coveringalargeregionfromalargenumberofindividualmeasures(includingLIFEprojects),intendedasan exampleforotherripariancountriesoftheDanubetofollow. LIFE08ENV/GR/551PUREisintheprocessoftransforminganexistingnetworkofpipelinesthatare currentlydistributingtreatedwastewaterforirrigation,withnocontrol,nomonitoring,nopricingandno managementplan,intoanupgradedsystemthatprovideshighqualityalternativewaterresourcesfor irrigation,inasustainablemannerandinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheWFD.Akeyelementofthis workistheproductionanddisseminationofaprototypeapproachandmanagementplanforasustainable, environmentallysignificant,humanlysafe,publiclyacceptedwastewaterreuseandutilisationsystemwhich hasthepotentialtobereplicatedacrossSouthernEuropeandothernonEUsemiaridregionsglobally. Throughtherestorationofthespeciescurrentrange,LIFE05NAT/DK/153Houtinghasthepotentialto provideexperiencewhichcouldprovevaluableforthereintroductionoftheHoutinginotherpartsofits naturaldistributionarea,suchasGermanyandtheNetherlands. TheoutcomeofLIFE08ENV/IT/413INHABIThasthepotentialtoserveasabasisfortheimplementationof RiverBasinMasterPlansoverlargerareasofItalyand,possibly,thewholeofEurope. LIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCAN(seebelowforfurtherdetails)hasthepotentialtotransfertheuseofits webmappingandFloodscansoftwaretootherregionsandMemberStates,withthemainpreconditionto itssuccessfultransferbeingtheavailabilityofhydraulicandgeographicdata.Theprojectincreasedthe potentialfortransferabilitythroughcooperationprojectsandworkshopsatthenationalandinternational level(includingAustria,Italy,Switzerland,SloveniaandPoland). LIFE09ENV/UK/026Hydro4LIFEhasdevelopedaseriesofmanualsandtrainingcoursesforindependent auditorsandtheEUhydropowerindustrytohelpimplementtheroleoutoftheHydropowerSustainability AssessmentProtocolacrosstheEU.Thesetoolsarealreadyprovingvaluabletothebeneficiaryinpromoting theProtocoloutsideoftheEU,withtrialapplicationsusingthematerialsalreadyhavingtakenplacein
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Iceland,Norway,MalaysiaandAustralia. Finally,LIFE08ENV/E/099AQUAVALprovidesanexcellentexampleoftheabilityofLIFEfundingtobeused toenablethetransferofexistingbestpracticefromoneregionoftheEUtoanother.Bycollaboratingwith SUDSexpertsfromtheUniversityofAbertaytheprojectisdrawingonbestpracticefromtheUKand demonstratingtheuseofvarioustechniquestodealwithsurfacerunoffwaterwiththeaimofextending theuseofSUDStoregionswheretheyarenotcurrentlypracticed,startingattheprovinciallevel(Valencia) andpotentiallymovingthenational(Spain)andsouthernEuropeanregionallevel. 4.2.9. StandaloneSuccesses ThePolishprojectLIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGnienotargetedlakerecultivationinGnienoby deactivatingphosphorusinbottomsedimentsusingcoagulants,thusprotectinginlandresourcesonsurface watersinlinewiththeWFD.Uponconclusion,theprojecthadreacheditsobjectivesandthequalityofwater improvedsubstantially,makingitpossibletousethelakesforrecreationalactivities.Thereconstructionof thedegradedbanksnotonlyprotectedthewaterfrominfiltrationofpollutantsfromstormwaterbutalso increasedthelandscapevalueofthelakes.Furthermore,thebiotopequalityimprovedandtheecologyof thelakesrevivedthankstotheplantingofmacrophytesandtherenewaloffishstocks,contributingtothe reductionofbluegreenalgaebloomsandtoalimitedproportionofalgaeinthephytoplankton.Theproject activitiesmanagedtoreducephosphorusandchlorophyllcontentssignificantly,andenhancedwater transparency.
LIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGnieno
MacrophyteplantingandrenewaloffishstocksinWiniaryandJelonekLakes
AsecondPolishprojectLIFE08ENV/PL/517EHREKisdealingwithmanagingurbanwaterecosystems.The projectisstillongoing,soonlylimitedresultsareavailable.Theprojectintroducesaninnovativeapproach totheconsolidationofknowledgeaboutthefunctioningofurbanwaterecosystems;planninganddecision makingmethodsusedinthemanagementofurbanwaterecosystems;currentecohydrologictechnologies; theimplementationofasystemfortraining;anddisseminationofknowledgeandcooperationbasedon jointactionsofamultistakeholderplatform.TheprojectareacomprisestheriverbedsectionoftheBzura RiverandthecomplexofreservoirsinArturwek,whichisoneoftheprimaryrecreationalsitesford populationofonemillionpeople.Theprojectwillprovideabetterunderstandingofthepossibilitiesof applicationsofhydroecologicalmethodsinsustainablewatermanagementforurbanareas.Theproject willalsoestablishanetworkofpiezometersformonitoringundergroundwaterqualityandpurchasethe equipmentneededforonsiteanalysisandfordemonstrationandeducationactivities.
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ARomanianprojectLIFE09ENV/RO/612CLEANWATERisalsoongoing,buthasalreadyachievedsome usefulresults.Itintendstoevaluatethefuturetrendsofthequalityofthewaterbodies,tomeasuretheir effectivenessandthedevelopmentofothersourcesofnitrogeninthestudyareaconsideringtheclimatic evolutions.Theprojectintendstouseaholisticapproachforwatermanagementbyintegrating internationalcompetitivemodelsandidentifiedsourcesofpollutioninaGISenvironment.Theprojectwill developanintegratedGISsystemthatwillbecapableofcorrelatingallinformation,anddemonstratehowit canbeusedforthedesignationofnitratevulnerablezones(NVZ).Mathematicalmodellingforsurface watersoilgroundwaterwillbeusedforacomplexanalysisofnitratetransferbetweenthetwowater bodies.Theprojectisusefulasitcollectsbiologicalandchemicalresultswithintheprojectsmonitoring networkaspartofafieldcampaignatBarladriverbasinlevel.TheprojectcontributestotheNitrates Directiveunderthewaterframeworkpolicy,offerssupportfordesigningthemonitoringprogramof Romanianwatersandprovidesagoodunderstandingoffarmingactivitiesasasourceofnitratepollution. ThetechnologydevelopedbytheLIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCANprojectsignificantlycontributestothe implementationoftheFloodsDirective,mainlybyoptimisingacosteffectivemethodofprocessingdataand thehydraulicmodellingofriverssubjecttotheriskofflooding.Previousapproacheshaveprovedhighlytime consumingandexpensive.However,theprojectdevelopedaprocedurefortheautomaticcompressionof laserscandatathatreducedprocessingtimesbyupto98%whilstmaintainingahighlevelofdetailtogether withacosteffectivemethodfortheuseofclassifiedlandcoverdatatoproducefloodhazardmaps.The projectalsoverysuccessfullycarriedoutaseriesofcommunicationactivitieswiththepublicinareasatrisk offlood,improvingthepublicsknowledgeofandresiliencetofloodsatminimalcost. LIFE08ENV/IT/413INHABITisworkingtowardstheintegrationofinformationonlocalhydromorphological featuresintopracticalmeasurestoimprovethereliabilityofimplementationofRiverBasinManagement Plans(RBMP)insouthernEurope.ThefocusisonimprovingRBMPscoveringanumberofwaterbodytypes whicharerepresentativeofItalianwatercoursesandlakes,throughtheintroductionofinnovative measuresthataccountforhydromorphologicalandhabitatinformation.Theprojectisquantifyingthe naturalvariabilityinundisturbedconditionsofselectedhydromorphological,habitatandphysicochemical features,whichareknowntohaveasignificanteffectonbiologicalcommunitiesaswellasfactorsthat affectecologicalstatusclassification.Theoutcomeoftheprojectwillserveasabasisforthe implementationofRBMPsoverlargerareasinItaly,byputtingintopracticethelatestapproachesand methodsforthecollectionofWFDcompliantdata,classificationofecologicalstatusandtechnical implementationofmanagementplansinthestudycatchments. TheLIFE05ENV/GR/245ENVIFriendlyprojecthasbeenveryeffectiveincreatingasuccessfulcollaboration ofalllevelsofpolicymakinglocal,regionalandnationalallwiththeaimofcontributingtothe implementationoftheWFD.Onthelocallevel,theprojecthassignificantlyreducednitrates,nitrogenand phosphoruspollutioninthewaterofpilotareas(throughphytoremediationandriverbankerosioncontrols), alsobygeneratingawarenessamongandsynergybetweenlocalentities(with8municipalitiesinvolvedas partners),includingalsoresidents,foramoresustainableuseofwaterresources.Ontheotherhand,the PrefectureofLaconia,theregionalauthoritybehindtheactivitiesasthebeneficiaryoftheproject showedhighcommitmenttothesuccessfulcompletionoftheproject.Finally,theprojecthasmanagedto involveinitsactivities,mainlywiththeaimofensuringthesustainabilityoftheresults,theCentralWater AgencyoftheMinistryoftheEnvironmentinGreece(theauthorityresponsiblefortheimplementationof theWaterFrameworkDirective)thathasshownsincereinterestintheprojectwiththedesiretotransfer projectresultstootherGreekriverbasins.AttheEUlevel,theprojecthascontributedtothe implementationoftheWFDastheEvrotasRiverBasinishighlylikelytoachieveitsenvironmentalobjectives by2015.
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4.3. AreasinwhichLIFEwaterprojectshavefailedtomeettheirpolicyobjectives(Weaknesses) Theweaknessesidentifiedwiththewatersectorprojects 1. Scale analysedbroadlyfallintotwocrosscuttingcategories: 2. VaryingCosts weaknessesthatarespecifictothewatersectorand thosethataremoregenericandmaybeapplicableto 3. Weatherandtechnicalproblems projectsinothersectors.Withinthesebroadcategories 4. Technicallimitations five commonthemesshowninBox3wereidentifiedand 5. Humanfactors arediscussedbelow.Itisimportanttonotethatany weaknessesidentifiedarenotcriticismsoftheprojects Box3:WeaknessesoftheLIFE butareintendedasobjectiveassessmentsoffactorsthat projects haveimpactedonthedeliveryofpolicyobjectives. 4.3.1. Scale
Anumberofprojectswereidentifiedthatfocusonaddressingproblemsordemonstratingapproachesatthe localorregionallevel.Whilstthisisnotaweaknessinitself,manyoftheprojectswerefoundtosufferfrom thelackofaregionalornationallevelinstitutionwithintheirpartnershipsorwiderstakeholdergroups, creatingasignificantbarriertothetranslationofprojectresultsintowiderpolicyfeedback.Whiletheneed toaddressproblemssuchasthetreatmentofpollutionresidesatthelocallevel,onlythroughthe collaborationbetweenlocalandregionalornationallevelscanmeaningfulanddurableresultsbeachieved inthefuture.Equally,iftheaimofaprojectistohelpdeveloppolicyortoactasacasestudyforfuture policymaking,thenitisadvisablefortheprojecttobeinclosecontactwithEuropeanpolicymakersand ensurethatthepolicymakersactuallyusetheirobtainedresults. Asaconsequence,manyLIFEprojectsonlydemonstratetheadvantagesofthetechnology,management systemsormodelsonalocalscale,andwhiletheyaspiretobetransferableorreplicableonalargerscale onlyveryfewcanactuallydemonstratethattheprojectoutcomeissufficientlyrobusttoallowscalingupto theregionalornationallevel.ForexampletheprojectLIFE06ENV/DK/229TREASURE,onlydemonstrated thattheprojectcouldoperateonalocalscaleandthefactthattherewasnonationalrepresentationinthe projectpartnershipcouldbeonereasonforthelackofapparent uptakeattheendoftheproject. TheLIFE08ENV/E/099AQUAVALprojectwasonlydemonstrated atthelocalleveland,giventhattheconceptofSUDSisrelatively newtosouthernEuropeancountries,thepositiveresultsof adoptingSUDSishardtodemonstrateatthelocallevel.Not leastbecausethelocalandregionallegislationdoesnotenforce theincorporationofthesestrategiesinurbanplanningprojects andurbanplannersanddesignersdonotknowthesetechniques andtheyarenotincludedinthedesignofthestandards. Similarly,theLIFE06ENV/NL/167WET projectsuccessfully demonstratedthetechnologyforremovalofpriorityhazardous substancesfromwastewateratalocalscalebutattheendofthe projecttherewasnoevidenceofawideruptakeofproject results/technology.However,thesamecanbesaidofmanyof thetechnologybasedLIFEENVprojectsbecausetheproject proponentsaregenerallyfromtheprivatesectorandneed furtherassistancewiththecommercialisationorendorsementof aproductbeforeitcanbemorewidelyaccepted. LIFE06ENV/NL/167WET
Projectscanoftenbevery successfulatthelocalscalebut experiencedifficultyinscaling uptonewmarkets
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DespitesomeexcellentdisseminationatthenationallevelsomedisseminationinCyprus,theGreekproject LIFE08ENV/GR/551PURE,achievedlimitedinternationaldisseminationeitherinSouthernEuropeornonEU semiaridregionswhichwerekeyelementsoftheoriginalproposal. OtherprojectswhichonlyappeartoactatthelocallevelareshowninTable41below. Table41:ScalingIssueswithLIFEprojects LIFE05ENV/DK/145OdensePRBAgriPoM LIFE08ENV/IT/390ECOMAWARU LIFE06ENVIT235Kolisoon LIFE06ENV/F/133ArtWet LIFE08ENV/IT/406REWETLAND 4.3.2. Varyingcosts SometechnologiesdevelopedanddemonstratedbyLIFEprojectshaveprovedtoinvolvehighcapitalcosts thatmayactasbarrierstotheirwideruptakeandcommercialisation.Othertechnologiesdemonstrate variabilityincostperformanceonasitebysitebasis. ThesurfacewaterstatusmonitoringequipmentdevelopedbyLIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisooninvolvedhigh capitalcostsforequipment.Thedevicewasonlydevelopedtotheprototypestageandwouldrequire significantinvestmenttofullycommercialise.Theuseofmathematicalmodellingandremotesensing techniquesbyLIFE07ENV/IT/475TRUSTtohelpadaptthegroundwaterresourcesoftheVenetoandFriuli Plaintotheadverseimpactsoffutureclimatechangealsorepresentsarelativelytechnicallycomplexand highcostapproach.ThehighcostsoftheLIFE10ENV/D/158HWCJenfelderAuprojecttodevelopand installawastewaterseparationandrenewableenergyfacilityin700apartmentscouldproveunviableinthe future(thecurrentcostisaround24,000perapartment). InthecaseofLIFE06ENV/DK/229TREASURE,whilstthecomplex,highcostsurfacewatertreatment solutionsdevelopedprovedaffordableforthelocalauthoritiesandwatercompanieswithgoodfinancial resourcesinDenmark,theapproachmaynotbeeconomicallyfeasibleinotherpartsofEurope. Inanothercase(LIFE06ENV/F/133ArtWet),whilstthelowcostvegetatedtreatmentsystemsdesignedto tackleagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutionbypesticideswererelativelyinexpensivetoconstruct(average 10,000),thecostoflandonwhichtoconstructtheartificialwetlandsmaycauseaconsiderableissue.The locationofthewetlandshastobecarefullychosentomeethydrologicalrequirementsmeaningthatland mayneedtobepurchased.Ifthelandishighgradeagriculturalland,itcouldcostintheregionof 100,000/ha,makingthesolutionprohibitivelyexpensive. ThecostoftheinsitutechniquedevelopedbyLIFE05ENV/B/517INSIMEPisstronglysitedependentwhen comparedtotheclassicalcontaminatedgroundwatertreatmenttechniqueofpumpandtreat(P&T).The costdependsontheavailabilityofcleanupinfrastructurealreadyonsite.Ifpumpingwells,awastewater treatmentplantorsludgedewateringfacilityareavailablethentheinvestmentnecessaryfortheclassical P&Tapproachstronglydecreases,makingtheinsituprocesslesscompetitiveincomparison. Therearetechnologiesthataremoreexpensiveintheshorttermduetohigherinstallationcosts,butover thelongertermtheybecomeeconomicallymorefavourablethanconventionalpump&treattechnologies (forexamplethemultibarriertechnologydemonstratedbyLIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEM).Ingeneral,it maybeassumedthatsitecharacterization,designandcontingencyplanningcostswillbehigherfora multibarrierapproachthanforP&T,whereasoperationalcostswillbelower.
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InthecaseofLIFE05ENV/DK/145OdensePRBAgriPoMconcernedfarmerscriticizedtheprojectresults, suchasthereductionrateofnitrogenandphosphoruslossesfromagricultureandtheywereintheviewthat aprojectthatturnedtoanactualRiverBasinManagementPlancouldhavetargetedamuchquicker reductionrateatnegligibleeconomiccosts. 4.3.3. Weatherandtechnicalproblems Insomecasesthemajordifficultiesencounteredbytheprojectwereconnectedtoweatherconditions. LIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGnienowasaffectedbytheweatherpatternin2009whichshowed significantvariationfromtheusualconditionsandresultedinsomeoftheactivitiesplannedforthefirsthalf oftheyearbeingdelayedduetoadverseconditions.Thiscaseindicatesthatweatherconditionsshouldbe takenintoaccountforprojectssuchaslakerehabilitationwhichincludephysicalfieldworksandbiological manipulation.LIFE08ENV/E/099AQUAVALhashadtocontendwiththedifficultiesposedbyincreasing variabilityoflocalweatherconditions,whichmakethespecificationofSUDSfacilitiesverydifficult.Withthe effectsofclimatechangehavinganeverincreasinginfluenceonlocalclimaticconditions,existinghistorical weatherdataisbecominglessreliable.Itmaybethatprojectssuchastheseneedtobuildaweatherfactor intothedesignfromtheoutsetsoastobeabsolutelycertainthattheprojectcanbedeliveredinatimely fashion. Inothercasesprojectshadtorequestprolongationsduetotechnicalproblems.LIFE07ENV/NL/576 PHARMAFILTERencounteredproblemssettingupthesolidwastegrinderandrelatedoverflow.Although thisdidnotdirectlyaffectthewastewaterdisposalfunctionoftheunit,thetechnicalissuescausedan overalldelayintheimplementationoftheproject. 4.3.4. Technicallimitations Therearesometechniqueswhoseapplicationislimitedbyrestrictiveconditions.ForexampleLIFE05 ENV/B/517INSIMEPencounteredproblemsinapplyingitsapproachtovarioushydrogeologicconditions (includingthepresenceofclaylenses,lowpermeablesoilandthedepthofgroundwater)and (bio)geochemicalfactors(toxicconditions,levelofgroundwatercontaminationwithheavymetalsand mineralcontentoftheaquifer).Therearetechnologies,suchasthemultibarriertechniquedevelopedby LIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMthataretailormade,andaredependentonthepollutionpresentand thehydrogeologicalsituation.Generallythough,manyLIFEprojectsencountertechnicaldifficultiesatsome pointoranotherduringtheirlifetimeandmostmanagetoovercomethetechnicaldifficultiesbytheendof theproject. 4.3.5. Humanfactors ForprojectssuchasLIFE09ENV/RO/612CLEANWATERthatcarryoutwideandcomplexmonitoring programmeshandmonitoringisrequiredatallsitesandthattakesalotofeffortandtime.Thisalsorequires astrongcollaborationwiththewaterauthorities.Itcouldalsobeaproblemthattheconcernedfarmersdo notwanttocooperateanditrepresentsaweaknessofthemethod.InsomecasessuchasLIFE05 ENV/DK/145OdensePRBAgriPoMtheroleofthegeneralpublicwasmodestduringtheproject'sduration andasimplelinkforthegeneralpubliconthewebsitewasconsideredsufficient. 4.4. ContinuingornewthreatswhichmakeitdifficultforLIFEwaterprojectstoimplementpolicy (Threats) AtotalofeightareaswhichposecontinuingornewlyemergingthreatstotheimplementationofLIFEwater projectswereidentified(seeBox4)andarediscussedbelow.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Sustainability Transferability Dataaccessandreferenceinformation Unknownlongtermresults Wideradministrativeandeconomicthreats Difficultiesinobtainingaccess,rightsandpermissions Lackofclosecollaborationandconsensuswithstakeholders Insufficientharmonisationanddifferentinterpretationofpolicy
Box4:Threatstotheimplementationofwaterpolicy
4.4.1. Sustainability InthecaseofLIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.inGnienotheprojectssustainabilitymaybethreatenedby breakdownofinfrastructureorillegaldischargeofsewageintotheprojectarea.Repeateddeteriorationof waterqualitywouldrequirecleaningupoftheareasthathadalreadybeenrehabilitatedundertheproject. Thereisapossibilitythatfundswouldnotbeavailableforsuchacleanup.Inthelongertermrepeated pollutioneventswillleadtoinhibitionofselfpurificationprocessesestablishedbytheprojectand,asa consequence,toafurtherdecreaseofwaterquality. Longtermsustainabilitycanbeanissueforsomeprojectsandgenerallythecriticalfactorslimiting sustainabilityrelatetocontinuedfundingandinstitutionalstability,howeveritisverydifficulttoget concreteevidencetoassessactualsustainabilityonaprojectbyprojectbasiswithoutthebenefitofanex postmissiontotheproject.Arguably,ifaprojectissustainablethenitispossiblethatthewebsitewillstill beactiveandthisisonemeansofassessingsustainabilityalthoughitisalsotruetosaythattheabsenceof awellmaintainedwebsitedoesnotmeanthattheprojecthasbeenunsustainable.Thussustainabilitycan oftenonlybeinferredfromtheinformationavailable. 4.4.2. Transferability Asdiscussedinsection4.3,therearecaseswheretechnologiessuchasthosedevelopedbyLIFE05 ENV/B/517INSIMEPandLIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMarelimitedbyrestrictiveconditions.The biggestthreattotheuptakeofthesetechnologiesisthatathoroughevaluationofeachsiteonacaseby casebasisisneededtodeterminethesuitabilityandthepotentialeffectivenessoftheapproach.Afurther keypointisthatadditionalfundingisoftenrequiredtomakeevenanexceptionalproductsellableinan openandhighlycompetitivemarketsituationaswashighlightedinthefinalreportoftheLIFE06 ENV/DK/229TREASURE project.TheLIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoon projectmadeparticularreferencetoother detectionmethodsandautomatedequipmentfordeterminingfaecalcoliformlevelsinwastewaterwere alreadypenetratingthemarketplacebytheendoftheproject. Asabasisforlargescaleimplementation,projectLIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCANintendedtocompilethe numerousworkingdocumentsintoatechnicalhandbookprovidinginstructionstothirdpartiesregarding theprocessingofbasicdataaswellasthemodellingoffloodhazardmaps.Thisprocesswasstartedduring theprojectperiod,butcouldnotbefinalisedduetodelays.Thebeneficiarysoughtadditionalinternal fundingtocompletethisbutiffundingcouldnotbefoundthenthiswouldposeasignificantthreatto transferabilityofthemethodologydevelopedinthelongerterm. ProjectLIFE08ENV/IT/413INHABITnotedthatforwidescaleapplicationoftheRBMPapproachpioneered
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bytheprojectitwouldrequirebuyinfromregionalauthoritiesandotherinstitutionsthatcouldnot necessarilybeguaranteedbytheendoftheproject. ItisperhapsprematuretoexpectthatverynewprojectssuchasLIFE10ENV/ES/521AQUATIKcanidentify potentialthreatstonondeliveryorsustainabilityofprojectoutcomes.However,itisalreadyrecognised thatthestakeholdersidentifiedsofarareallbasedinSpain/Catalonia(andallthreebeneficiariesarebased inSpaintoo).TheprojecthasplannedtoengagewidelyinEuropebutshouldthisfailthentheprojectmay remainlocalisedandwillnotbeabletotransfertheknowledgegainedinmonitoringpriorityhazardous substancesinwastewatertootherregionsorcountries. 4.4.3. Dataaccessandreferenceinformation Anothertypicalthreatidentifiedforprojectsdealingwithwaterrelatedissuesistheneedtohaveaccessto sufficientlevelsofaccuratedatawithallrelatedfactorsandparameters(relatingtopressuresandimpacts onthewaterqualityandtowaterquantity).Oftentheneedtocollectandputtogethersuchampleand updateddatasetsimpliestheadditionalneedtohomogeniseitaprocesswhichtypicallyisquitetime consuming.ThiswasidentifiedasbeingathreattotheuptakeofthemethodsdevelopedbyLIFE07 ENV/IT/475TRUST,LIFE08ENV/IT/413INHABITandLIFE08ENV/IT/406REWETLAND. Projectscanalsohavedifficultyestablishingreferenceconditionsforwaterbodiessothatsuitable guidelines,standardsorprogrammesofmeasurescanbeidentified.ProjectLIFE05ENV/DK/145Odense PRBAgriPoM,foundthistobethecaseespeciallyforlakes,astheprojectshowedthatparameter referencevaluescouldhavebeenestablishedlocallyasfarbackastheMiddleAges.Thiscouldbeduetothe earlyimpactofsocietyortonaturalconditions.Incertaincasesitisthereforerecommendedtoestablish sitespecificcriteriaforgoodsurfacewaterstatusratherthantypespecificcriteria. 4.4.4. Unknownlongtermresults Inmanycasesthelongtermapplicationandresultsoftechnologiesdevelopedisnotyetknown.Forexample theapplicationofanewmethodforgroundwaterpollutionpreventiontechniquedevelopedbyLIFE06 ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMislikelytobeslowinthenearfutureduetothecurrentuncertaintyregarding longtermperformanceoftheapproach.Authoritieswillthereforeprobablyrequiremorestringent monitoringandcontingencyplanningthanforconventionaltechniques. 4.4.5. Wideradministrativeandeconomicthreats Anumberofprojectswereidentifiedthathavesufferedfrom,orarevulnerableto,theongoingeconomic difficultiesthatarebeingexperiencedacrossEurope.InGreece,theKallikratisadministrativereformhas ledtodelaysintheannouncementofthetendersforessentialactivitiesoftheLIFE08ENV/GR/551PURE projectandhasincreasedbureaucracy,especiallywithrespecttotheapprovalofexpensesandhiringproject personnel.ThereformsalsoposeathreattothereplicationoftheprojectsapproachinotherMunicipal EnterprisesforWater&WastewaterinGreece,whilstthewidereconomicissuesmayincreasethealready strongoppositionfromenduserstopayaspecificprice(oranyprice)forthetreatedwastewaterthatis producedbytheproject.Thismaythreatenthelongtermeconomicviabilityoftheupgradedwater distributionsystem.Alackoffinancialresourcesinlocalauthoritiescouldalsoprovetobeanissueforthe maintenanceofdemonstrationsitesandthereplicabilityofSustainableUrbanDrainageSystemsthathave beendevelopedaspartofLIFE08ENV/E/099AQUAVAL,whilstaconsiderablelimitingfactorfortheuptakeof theprotocoldevelopedtomanagethequantitativestatusofgroundwaterbyLIFE06ENV/IT/255A.S.A.Pis thelackofinvestmentavailablefortherenovationofdistributionnetworkpipelines. ArelativelynewprojectLIFE09ENV/FR/593WateRtoMisattemptingtocompilethelatestresearchproject whichmayassistintheimplementationofthewaterdirectivesintoasystemthatwillallowtheresearch outputstobeusedbypublicbodiesandprivateinstitutionsmorerapidlyandeffectivelythaninthepast.At
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themidtermstagethebeneficiaryhadalreadynotedthattheglobaldownturnintheeconomycouldmean thatprospectiveuserswanttoinvestonlyinapproved,perfectlyworkingsolutionsanddevicesandthatvery oftentheyhavelimitedconfidenceininnovativesolutions. 4.4.6. Difficultiesinobtainingaccess,rightsandpermissions ThedecommissioningofahydropowerplanttoimprovetheconnectivityofawaterbodyaspartofLIFE05 NAT/DK/153Houtingwasnotabletobecompletedduetotheprojectbeingunabletopurchaseproperty andwaterextractionrightsthroughavoluntarynegotiationprocess.TheLIFE08ENV/IT/406REWETLAND projectestablishedthataseriesofonsitestructuralinterventionswithinaNationalParkwouldbeneeded andtheserequirespecialauthorisations.Inevitablysuchauthorisationsarelengthyproceduresandthisin turnmayleadtosignificantdelaysinprojectdelivery.Inonecase,LIFE07ENV/B/038WALPHYtherewasa conflictwithonelandownerwhoactuallywrotetotheCommissioncomplainingoftherestorationmeasures beingundertakenbytheproject:thankfullythisisaveryunusualoccurrence. OnadifferentnotetherelativelynewLIFE10ENV/D/158HWCJenfelderAuaverylargeandambitious projectwhichisattemptingtointroduceanintegratedwastewaterandenergygenerationsystemonanew housingestatemayencounterdifficultiesinobtainingplanningpermissionforsolarandgroundheatenergy supplieswhichmaythreatenthedeliveryoftheprojectwithinthetimescaleoutlinedintheproposal.
4.4.7. Lackofclosecollaborationandconsensuswithstakeholders Theneedforclosecollaborationbetweenstakeholderstoachievethesuccessfulrealisationofthe technologyorapproachbeingdevelopedbyaprojectandthethreatofeitheralackofcollaborationor consensusbetweenstakeholderswasidentifiedinanumberofprojects.Forexample,animportantaspect fortheimplementationofLIFE07ENV/B/038WALPHYisthecontinuouscontactwithprovincialauthorities, astheProvincesareresponsibleforthemanagementofsomecategoriesofriversandalsoforthegranting ofcompulsoryauthorisations.Alackofcollaborationwiththeprovincialauthoritiesmaythreatenthe projectsabilitytocarryoutitsactionsasplanned. Despiterepeatedattempts,LIFE09/ENV/UK/026Hydro4LIFEhassofarbeenunabletosecuretheactive participationofanEUbasedregulatorybodyintriallingtheuseoftheHydropowerSustainability AssessmentProtocol.Engagingwithregulatorybodiesmayhelptoreducethebarrierstohydropower developmentposedbysomelocalinterpretationsoftheWFDbydemonstratingtheProtocolssuitabilityasa comprehensiveassessmentoftheoverallsustainabilityofhydropowerdevelopments.Theacceptanceofthe Protocolbyaregulatorybodymayalsoencouragemorehydropoweroperatorsanddeveloperstotrialthe Protocol,hencehelpingtoachievetheprojectsoverallobjectives. LIFE07ENV/IT/475TRUSTcouldfacethethreatofdifficultiesinreachingconsensusamongstitsmany stakeholdersfortheacceptanceofartificialaquiferrecharge,withmanycompetingeconomicactivitiesthat usewaterandlandresourcesnecessaryfortheprojectssuccess(excavationsites,floodprotection,etc). ThecontinuedsuccessofLIFE07INF/UK/032RESTOREreliesheavilyonthemaintenanceofnationaland Europeanstakeholdernetworksforsustainableriverrestorationprogrammesandonensuringthatthe differencebetweenthescienceandresearchlednetworksandthepractitionernetworkapproachledby RESTOREcontinuestoberecognisedandlinksbetweenthenetworksaremaintained.Thisismademore difficultbythefactthattheEuropeanCentreforRiverRestorationhasarotatingsecretariat(i.e.UK,NL,IT etc)meaningthatitsmanagementisnotsecured,togetherwithpotentialcommunicationsissuesfacedby theprojectsuchaslanguagebarriers,inconsistentmessagesandcompetingevents. Finally,LIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCEShasfoundbalancingnationalrepresentationwithintheCelticSeaRegion difficult,withthemainstakeholdersinitiallycomingfromtheUKbutothercountriesbetterrepresentedonly towardstheendofproject.Engagingwiththefishingcommunity(especiallyindustrialfishermen)hasalso
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provedexceptionallydifficult,withtheresultinglackofinputfromamajorstakeholdergroupthreateningto underminetheeffectivenessoftheguidelinesthattheprojecthasproduced.Thisproject,whichdealtwith variousstakeholdergroupsasamainobjective,notedthatstakeholderfatiguewasalsoanissuewithso manyinitiativesbeinglaunchedtoassistmemberstatesintheimplementationoftheMSFDkeepingthese stakeholdergroupsinterestedwithinandbeyondtheprojectwouldpresentamajorchallenge. Collaborationisnotonlyimportantbetweenstakeholders,therearealsoimplicationsforprojectteams whichmayneedtoremainassociatedaftertheprojecthasfinalisedotherwisesustainabilityand transferabilitymaynotbeachieved.ProjectLIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoonnotesthatitisvitalfortheproject partnerstomaintaintheircollaborationiftheproductistobebroughttofullcommercialisation. 4.4.8. Insufficientharmonisationanddifferentinterpretationsofpolicy Insomecasesitwasdiscoveredthattheinsufficientharmonisationofnationalimplementationofvarious directivesthreatenedtheapplicationofapproachesdevelopedbyLIFEprojectsacrossdifferentMember States.LIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCEShighlightedthefactthattheimplementationoftheMarineStrategy FrameworkDirectiveisatdifferentstagesindifferentcountrieswiththeUKwellaheadofFrance,Ireland andSpain(forexampleSpainisfocussingondatacollection).Themethodofimplementationisalsodifferent indifferentcountriesSpain(andprobablyFrance)willadoptaregionalapproachimplementedthrough RegionalCouncilsratherthananationalapproachwhichcouldleadtodifferencesininterpretation.TheLIFE 06ENV/F/133ArtWetprojectdemonstratedthataharmonisationofEuropeanlegislationwouldberequired tomakethesettingupofconstructedwetlandseasier,asdifferentMemberStateshavedifferentplanning andfinancingrequirementsandalsodifferentinterpretationsoftherelevantdirectives.LIFE07ENV/L/540 M3highlightedsimilarissueswiththeinsufficientharmonisationofnationalimplementationwiththe approachoftheWFD.InaslightlydifferentveintheLIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoonprojectnotedthattherewas nouniformityacrossmemberstatesforstandardsandmethodsoftestingforcoliformsinwastewaterand thatwasasignificantthreattotheabilitytorolloutthemonitoringequipmenttodifferentmemberstatesin thefuture. 4.5. LIFEprojectscontributingtothedevelopmentofnewwaterrelatedpoliciesandlegislation (Opportunities) OneofthekeystrengthsoftheLIFEprogrammeisitsabilitytotesttheapplicationofEUenvironmental legislation.Fortheprogrammetorealiseitsfullpotentialinthisrespect,itcouldbeimportantforindividual projectshaveamechanismtofeedbacklessonsintothecontinualdevelopmentofnewpoliciesand legislation.Theanalysisidentifiedanumberofcaseswherewatersectorprojectsaredevelopingnew approachesnotyetcoveredbyexistingEUlegislation,contributingtotherevisionofwaterlegislation,and providinginputforspecificwaterrelatedlegislation.However,themainstrengthsofwatersectorprojectslie incontributingtothefurtherdevelopmentofwatermanagementrelatednormsandstandards,and assessinganddisseminatingenvironmentallegislation. ProjectopportunitieswereexaminedinrelationtothepolicyareasoutlinedinBox5andwhileitispossible tofindgoodexamplesineachpolicyareatheassessmentshowsthattherearesomeopportunitieswithin theLIFEprogrammetocontributemorefullyinsomepartsofthepolicycycle.However,thequestion remainsastowhethertheLIFEprogrammeisabletoexploittheseopportunitiesastheprojectsthemselves aregenerallyundertakenonalocalscaleandmostpolicyinitiativesareundertakenatthenationallevel.
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Box5:OpportunitiesforLIFEprojectstoinfluencepolicy
1.Projectsproposingnewlegislation 2.Projectsworkingoncomplementarysublegislation 3.ProjectsdevelopingnewapproachesnotyetcoveredbyEUlegislation 4.Projectsprovidinginputforspecificwatermanagementrelatedlegislation 5.Projectscontributingtotherevisionofwaterlegislation 6.Projectscontributingtofurtherdevelopmentofwaternormsandstandards 7.Projectsassessinganddisseminationenvironmentallegislation
4.5.1. Projectsproposingnewlegislation AmongtheLIFEprojectsassessedindetailforthisstudy,fewprojectsspecificallyaimedatthedevelopment ofnewlegislation.LIFE10ENV/IT/394WARBOistargetingtheregulationoftheArtificialRecharge(AR)of groundwateraquifersinrelationtowaterconservationandscarcity.ARtechniqueshavealreadybeen appliedtocoastalsaltwateraquiferstocombatsaltintrusion,butARisnotregulatedattheEUlevel,and nationalwaterdirectiveslimititsapplicationtosaltwateraquifers.ARpilotprojectsarereadytostartonce finalformalandorganisationalregulationoftheissueisinplace.Ifnotregulated,largescaleuseofArtificial Rechargewouldentailrisksbothforthequality(pollution,accidentalmixingoffreshwatercomingfrom differentwaterbodies)andthequantityoffreshwater(e.g.changesinthedynamicbehaviourofthe aquifer).Toguaranteethecorrectapplicationofrechargetechniques,legislationshoulddefine:whereand howtoabstractsurfacewaterresources;thechemicalandphysicalcharacteristicsofrechargewaterwith respecttothechemicalactivityandthehydrogeologicalstructureoftheaquifer;rechargemethods; environmentalimpact;andsetupanddesignofthemonitoringnetwork.Theprojectisatthebeginningofa processtodevelopnewregulationsforaquiferrechargethatcouldbeadoptedthroughoutEurope. 4.5.2. Projectsworkingoncomplementarysublegislationtoalreadyexistingtexts SeveralLIFEprojectssetouttodevelopprotocolswhichwillcomplementexistinglegislationonetypical exampleistheUKprojectLIFE09/ENV/UK/026Hydro4LIFEwhichistestingandpromotingtheapplicationof theInternationalHydropowerAssociationsHydropowerSustainabilityAssessmentProtocolintheEU.The Protocolisanenhancedsustainabilityassessmenttoolwhichisbeingusedtomeasureandguide performanceinthehydropowersector.TheProtocolassessesthefourmainstagesofhydropower development:EarlyStage,Preparation,ImplementationandOperation.Assessmentsrelyonobjective evidencetocreateasustainabilityprofileagainstsome20topicscoveringallaspectsofsustainability.By demonstratingandpromotingtheapplicationoftheProtocolintheEU,theprojectaimstoprovethe Protocolssuitabilitytobecomeastandardmethodologyfortheassessmentofhydropowersustainability performanceintheEUandglobally.ThebeneficiaryalsointendstodemonstratetheProtocolsabilityto captureassessmentsthatareofuseinimplementingtheWFD. Onthesamethemethe2011awardwinningprojectLIFE06ENV/D/485MoveableHEPPhashada significantinfluenceonlocalpolicymakers/regulatorsperceptionsofhydropowerandhasprovedthat,with carefulimplementation,theecologicalbenefits(WFD)andtheeconomicoperationofhydropowerplants (RED)arenotcontradictoryandtherequirementsofbothdirectivescanbemet. Manyprojectsalsodevelopguidelinesthataremostvaluableintheinterpretationandimplementationof directives.AnoutstandingexampleofsuchanapproachisLIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCESwheretheproject teamhasdevelopedasetofguidelinesforimplementingtheecosystembasedapproachtospatialarea
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managementascalledforbytheMSFD.Onceaccepted(late2012)theseguidelinescouldbecomethe blueprintforimplementationofthispartoftheMSFDandtheteamarecurrentlyworkingwiththeMarine StrategyGroups(MSGs)setupinallmemberstatestodeliverthestrategy.
LIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCES DevelopinganecosystembasedapproachtodelivertheMarineStrategyFrameworkDirective.This involvesconsultationwithalltheinterestedpartiesusingtheCelticSea.
TheSpanishprojectLIFE08ENV/E/099AQUAVALisattemptingtouseknowledgeandexperiencegainedin northernEuropeinutilisingSustainableUrbanDrainageSystems(SUDS)byincorporatingtheiruseinurban planningrequirementsfornewdevelopmentsinsouthernEuropeinanefforttocombatwaterscarcity. 4.5.3. ProjectsdevelopingnewapproachesnotyetcoveredbyexistingEUlegislation TheRomanianprojectLIFE09ENV/RO/612CLEANWATERcontributestothedevelopmentofamodern Romanianwatermanagementsystembyelaborationofacompletelyintegratedsystemasthebasisforthe BarladRiverBasinDistrictManagementPlanaccordingtoEUlegislation(especiallyWaterFramework Directive)andbygainingtheknowledgeandexperiencetobeusedlaterinmanagementofotherriver basinsofRomania.TheCleanwaterteamintendstoassistthereplicationofthedevelopedOpenGISsystem atwholecountrylevel,likeasupportfortheimplementationofNitratesDirectiveanditwillcontributetoa nationalapproachmethodologyfordelineationofvulnerablezonestothenitrogenpollution,atriverbasin level. Currently,theinformationobtainedsofarbytheprojectisusedfortheWISE20reporting,thustheanalysis resultsobtainedwillimprovetheRomanianreportingfortheWFD.Theprojectdiscoveredthroughits monitoringprogrammethattherearedifferentfactorstobetakenintoconsiderationformonitoring nitrogenpollutioninEasternandWesterncountriesthatusedifferentagriculturalmethods.
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WaterInformationSystemforEurope(WISE)
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4.5.4. Projectsprovidinginputforspecificwatermanagementrelatedlegislation Currenttechniquesforthetreatmentofmunicipalwastewaterarenotdesignedtoremovethepriority substancesmentionedintheWFD,whicharetobemetin2015.AnationalscreeningofeffluentofWaste WaterTreatmentPlants(WWTPs)intheNetherlandshasshownthatWWTPeffluentformsasignificant emissionsourceofprioritysubstancesintosurfacewaters.Toachievethedischargelimitsforthese substancesbefore2015,additionaltreatmentstepsarerequired.TheobjectivesofthesuccessfulDutch projectLIFE06ENV/NL/167WETwerethereforetopreparethedevelopmentofthesemeasuresby demonstratingmostlythetechnicalfeasibilityoftheremovalofdissolvedorganiccompoundsusing coagulantsinWWTPeffluent.TheprojectestablishedaninstallationofawatertreatmentfacilityinLeiden thatcanachievetheWFDvaluesfornitrateandphosphateevenwiththesinglefiltersetup,whichwould leadtoconsiderablylowercoststhanthesetupwithseparatefiltersforNandPremoval.Theuseof AdvancedOxidationProcessesresultedinareductionofmedicalremnantsandpesticidesbyatleastmore than70%andinadisinfectionleveluptothehygieniclimitssetforintheBathingWaterDirective.The projectdemonstratedthatheavymetalscanberemovedandadditionalremovaloforganicmicropollutants andsuspendedsolidscanbeachievedusingthesamecombinationoftechniques.Asinvestmentsin additionaltreatmentstepswerenecessary,theprojectprovidedinsightinallmeasuresthatarenecessaryto achievethesestandards.Thestudythattheprojectpreparedhasyieldedalotofnewinformationand experiencewithregardtothefurtherremovalofnitrogen,phosphorusandotherrelevantcontaminants usingsubsequenttreatmenttechniques.Mostoftheresearchresultscanbetranslateddirectlytoother wastewatertreatmentplantsintheNetherlandsandotherEuropeancountries. AnotherDutchprojectLIFE07ENV/NL/576PHARMAFILTERalsoprovidesinnovativemethodstotreat hospitalwastewater.TheprojectcontributesdirectlytoanumberofactionsspecifiedintheWFD:the reductionofwaterpollutionasaresultofurbanwastewatertreatmentandtheimprovementofsurface waterqualitybyprovidingacosteffectivemeasureforwastewatertreatment.Inaddition,theproject contributestothe6thEnvironmentalActionPlan:theprotectionofnaturalsystems;reductionofcarbon footprint;andhigherlevelofthelivingenvironment.ThePHARMAFILTERconceptaimsatprocessingsolid organicwasteandwastewaterinahospitalenvironmentinaninnovativeintegralmannerandwillleadto therecyclingofcomponentsandproductionofenergy.Theresultscaninprinciplebereplicatedbyany hospital.Pharmafilterhasbeenpatentedasconceptandworkingmethod.Thisprojectaimstodemonstrate anewconceptthat:addressessuccessfullyaseriousenvironmentalproblem:contaminationofsurface waterbyendocrinedisruptors,personalcareproductsandmedicalremnants;offersacosteffective alternativeatthesource,thuscreatingawinwinsituationforenvironmentandhospital;isattractivetothe directinvolvedstaff,sinceitofferssignificantadvantagesintermsofbetterworkingconditionsanda significantdecreaseofriskofcontagion.Theprocessthattheprojectisdemonstratingcanbeappliedto bothexistingbuildingsasinnewtobuildbuildingsforpublichealthcarepurposes.Thecostspreparedby theprojectshowanuptoa90%kitchenwastecostsavingsandupto50%savingsinhospitals. 4.5.5. Projectcontributingtotherevisionofwaterlegislation AlthoughLIFE06ENV/IT/235Kolisoonwasmainlyaimedatdevelopingaprototypedevicefortheanalysisof EColiinwastewatereffluentanddemonstrateitsfunctionalityandapplicability,italsotookinto considerationthelimitssetbyandtheroleoftheWFD.TheresultsoftheprojectarerelevantfortheWFD andprovideaninterestinginputintothediscussiononifandhowthefaecalcontaminationofdischarged effluentsshallbecontrolledinrelationtotheimplementationoftheWFDandalsotherevisionoftheWater BathingDirective.
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4.5.6. Projectscontributingtofurtherdevelopwatermanagementrelatednormsandstandards TheLuxembourgprojectLIFE07ENV/L/540M3isworkingonexaminingregionalmonitoringprogrammeof measuresandhasidentifiedtheshortcomingsoftheWFDCommonImplementationStrategy.Theproject aimstoprovidedemonstrationmonitoringprogrammes,modellingcasestudiesandscenariotestingto assistwatermanagersandpractitionersinapplyingtheWFDandhelpingtowardsachievingthedifficultgoal setforthbytheDirective.Theprojectisstillongoingbuthasalreadyhighlightedthateconomiccostsof meetingtheobjectivesoftheWFDarelikelytobeveryhighandmayevenbeunattainableinthetime frameavailable.Inordertoensuremanagementactionsaremosteffectiveitisofkeyimportancethat watermanagershaveastructuredapproachtogaininganunderstandingofwhatthekeypressuresand impactsontheirwaterbodiesareandthattheirmonitoringofemissions(inputs)andemissionsituations (exposureconditionswithinthewaterbody)adequatelycharacterisesthese.Beyondthis,theproject specifiesthatmanagersneedastrategytoassesstheeffectivenessoftheirprogrammesofmeasures,and theProgrammeofMeasures(POM)themselvesneedtoberealisticandachievableandhaveatimeframe forimplementationagainstwhichtotestanyimprovementincondition.Themonitoringneedstobeset withinanadaptivemanagementframeworksothattheprogrammereceivesongoingreevaluationto ensurethatthemonitoringandPoMsaremeetingtheneedsforthewaterbodyecosystem.Theproject pointsoutthattheWFDstrategydocumentsremainvagueonmostquantitativeaspectsofevaluating pressuresandadaptingmonitoringnetworkstoprovideasounddatabaseforProgrammeofMeasures (POM)definition.Intheirviewthemainreasonforthelackofclarityinlinkingdifferentstepsarethelarge knowledgegapsintherelationshipbetweenmorphological,ecologicalandchemicaldriversleadingtothe endpointmetricsofgoodecologicalstatus(includingtheappropriatenessofthosemetrics). Itisimportantandveryusefulforthefutureimplementation oftheWFDthattheprojectidentifiesanumberofdeficits Box6:Deficienciesincurrent relatedtowatermonitoringprogrammesintheexamined 21 watermonitoring tworegions andtheseareindicatedinBox6. programmes ThePolishprojectLIFE07ENV/PL/605Lakerecult.in 1.Linkbetweenpressuresand GnienohelpedtofulfiltherequirementsoftheWFD,more monitoringconcepts specificallytoprotectinlandresourcesofsurfacewaterwith thepostulatedstrategicobjectiveofreaching"good 2.Pressuresrelatedtochemical ecologicalconditionofwater".Currentlythequalityofwater pollution intheGniezno'slakescanbeconsideredasinagood ecologicalconditionasaresultoftheproject.Theapplied 3.Dynamicsofpressure methodoflakerehabilitationinactivationofphosphorusin indicatoroccurrence bottomsedimentisanewmethodoflakeprotection.It helpstoavoidsedimentstorageandodoursemission 4.Suitabilityforload problemswhicharecommoneffectsoflakedredging.All calculationandmodel recultivationproceduresareperformedfromthewater validation surface,posingnoriskfortheenvironmentorbiologicallife. Themethoddoesnotrequireanadditionalareaaroundthe 5.Linkbetweenchemicaland lakesurfaceandisanidealmethodformunicipallakes.It ecologicalmonitoring canbeusedinmostcitiesinEurope,wherelake eutrophicationisthemainproblemoftheirdegradationand themethodcanbeparticularlyrecommendedforshallowlakes.Themethodisrelativelycheapandthe projectinGnienoshowedthatthepositiveresultscanbeobtainedeveninthecaseoflakesinbad condition.Theprojectresultswillbeusedinprotectingwaternotonlyinlakesbutalsothroughthedrainage
21
http://www.lifem3.eu/fileadmin/M3life/downloads/guidelines/Monitoring_Data_Assessment.pdf
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basinoftheOdrariverwithitsoutflowtoBalticSea.Besidesitsenvironmentalcomponent,theprojecthasa strongsocioeconomiccomponentsinceitsupportstherecreationaluseofthelakes.22 InthePolishprojectLIFE08ENV/PL/000517EHREKthebeneficiaryiscurrentlyestablishingamonitoring systemtoassesstheeffectivenessofrecultivationactivityofurbanwaterecosystems.Themonitoring activityincludes: physicalandchemicalanalysis(forwaterseverytwoweeks,andpossiblyadditionallyafterheavy rainfall,bottomsedimentstwiceayear); biologicalanalysis(phytoplanktonandzooplanktoneverytwoweeksiftheweatheriswarmandoncea monthifitscolder,fishtwiceayearatleast), toxicologicalanalysis(bluegreenalgaetoxinsanddioxinsonceamonthatleast,moreoftenwhenblue greenalgaeareblooming). Theresultsoftheabovemonitoringwillbeusedtoconstructandcalibrateamathematicalmodelfor decisionmakers.Thestudyoftheprojectwillimplementasystemicapproachthatwillanalysethreatsand opportunitiesfacedbythereservoircatchmentarea;harmoniseecologicbiotechnologiesandtechnological innovations;andwillapplytheprinciplesofecohydrologyasaninterdisciplinaryscience.Theprojectisstill ongoing;furtherresultswillbeexpectedintheupcomingyears. LIFE10NAT/AT/016NetzwerkDonauaimstoimplementmeasurestoimprovetheconservationstatusof waterbasedhabitatsalongtheentirelengthoftheDanubeanditstributariesinAustria.Byformingapart oftheimplementationofAustriasNationalWaterManagementPlanandstrategyfortheDanubethe projectisnotonlyamilestoneforAustria,itisanimportantmilestonealongthepathtowardimprovingthe DanubeacrossEurope.Theprojectisintendedtoprovideanexampleattheinternationallevel,withboth thetechnicalmethodoftheprojectaswellasthestrategicapproachofdevelopingacompleteplancovering alargeregionfromalargenumberofindividualmeasures(includingLIFEprojects),isintendedasan exampleforothercountriesborderingtheDanubetofollowandhasthepotentialtobecomeastandard approachforsubbasinorbasinwideactivities. 4.5.7. Projectsassessinganddisseminatingenvironmentallegislation ThepilotprojectforriverbasinmanagementplanningintheOdenseRiverBasincompletedbyproject LIFE05ENV/DK/000145OdensePRBAgriPoMaddressedArticles11and13oftheWaterFrameworkDirec tive.Theprojectpreparedprogrammesofmeasuresandriverbasinmanagementplansaimedatthe achievingtheenvironmentalobjectivesspecifiedinArticle4oftheWFD.Theprojectdemonstratedhow theplanningprocessrequiredbytheWFDcanbecarriedoutfrominitialestablishmentof(provisional) environmentalobjectivestothecalculationofhowtheenvironmentalobjectivescanbeachievedmostcost effectivelyforthewatercycleasawhole,i.e.watercourses,lakes,mires,groundwaterandcoastalwaters. Theprojectrepresentsasuccessfulexampleofthelocalcooperationandproblemsolvinginriverbasin managementandisnowintegratedinthefutureinstitutionalstructuretoimplementtheWFD.The technicalpart,definingthe"goodstatus"ofthewaterbodyandthedevelopmentofasetofmeasuresto reachitmighthavesystemisedthebeneficiaryapproachtotheWFDimplementation. TheresultsoftheprojectLIFE05ENV/B/517INSIMEPcarrypolicyandlegislativeimplicationsandcontribute totheobjectivesoftheWFDbyaimingtoachieve"good"surfacewaterandgroundwaterstatusby2015;to theGroundwaterDirectivebypreventingandcontrollingpollutionthroughappropriatemeasures;andtothe IntegratedPollutionandPreventionControlDirectivebypreventingthefurtherspreadofgroundwater
22
WiniarylakeisusedbytheinhabitantsofGnieznoasswimmingplaceanditisverypopularareaforthelocalcitizensduringthesummerweekends.The Jeloneklakeandparkinitsvicinityistheplaceofrestduringtheweekandweekends.Theresultsoftheprojectnotonlyenhancethisfunction,but alsoreducetheneedtotraveltootherweekendrecreationdestinations.
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contamination.Theprojectdidnotdirectlyaffectpolicy,butprovidedademonstrationoftechnologythat mayhelptoachieveWFD/GroundwaterDirectiveobjectiveswhichcanbefurtherdisseminated. Multibarriertechnologyisasystemforgroundwaterremediation.Itisaninsitusystem,inwhichafiltrating trenchismadeperpendiculartothegroundwaterflow.Thistrenchisfilledwithacoarsematerialofvariable compositiondependingonthecharacterofthepollution,andinducedtotreatthepollutantsinthepassing groundwater.Themultibarriertechnologyisoneoftheoptionsthatexisttoassistwithmeetingthe requirementsoftheWFD,i.e.toimprovethewater(groundwater&surfacewater)qualityinriverbasinsall overEurope.ABelgianprojectLIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMdemonstratedthemultibarriertechnology inBelgiumandAustriaanditsresultscanbereplicatedfortreatingleachateanywhereastheconceptcanbe workedoutfordifferentpollutioncompositionsanddifferentgeologicalsituation.Costestimationsrevealed adecreasedcostforelectricityofthreetofourtimesforamultibarriersystemincomparisonwithapump andtreatapproachfortreatmentofleachatecontaininggroundwater.Intheprojectitwasdemonstratedby anexercisethatamultibarrierbecomescostefficientafterapproximatelyeightyearsofoperationin BelgiumandaftersevenyearsinAustria. LIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCESissuccessfullygeneratinginterestandunderstandingoftheconceptsof ecosystembasedapproachestoreversingdamagetothemarineenvironmentbyworkingcloselywithtarget stakeholdersfromanumberofMemberStatesintheCelticSearegion.Theprojectisworkingwithagroup ofcommittedstakeholderstoproduceguidelinesforimplementingtheecosystemsapproachwhichare transferabletoanyregion/seaarea.ThroughformingstronglinkswithotherRegional/Localprogrammes (e.g.BalticSeasRegionalProgramme,ECFP7MakingtheEuropeanFisheriesEcosystemPlanOperational (MEFEPO)andMESMA(marineSpatialPlanningintheEU))andkeypolicystakeholdersincludingthe EuropeanCoordinatingGroupforMarineStrategy(ECGMS)forallmemberstatesandrelevantcountry MarineStrategyGroups(MSGs)responsibleforimplementingMSFDnationally,theprojecthasensured significantpotentialforthetransferabilityandimpactoftheguidelines.Furthermore,byengagingwithkey policystakeholders,theprojecthasbeenabletoidentifyandfeedbacksomeofthesynergiesandconflicts betweentheMarineStrategyFrameworkDirectiveandtheCommonFisheriesPolicy,includingtheneedto aligntheMSFDwiththeCFPbecausetheMSFDwillberegulatedbyCFP. ApplyingsustainableriverrestorationservesboththeHabitatsDirectiveandtheWaterFrameworkDirective atseverallevels.LIFE07INF/UK/032RESTOREisdevelopinganetworklinkingpolicymakers,riverbasin planners,practitionersandexpertsacrossEuropetoshareinformationandgoodpracticeonriver restorationactivities.Aspartofthedevelopmentofthenetwork,areviewofEUpolicydriversforriver restorationwascarriedout.Thereviewhighlightsthemainlegislativedrivers(e.g.HabitatsDirective,WFD, FloodsDirectiveetc)andtheconstraintstoriverrestoration(e.g.poorprogressonWFDimplementationin Mediterraneancountries,fundingissues,planningpolicy,agriculturaluseetc).Oneofthemainconstraints identifiedisthecontroloverlanduseinriparianzones.Thereviewalsoconcludedthatthescaleof restorationactivityhaschanged(fromsmallscaletocatchment)andnewdrivershavearisen(e.g.flood protection)butwhilsttherearenewlegislativedrivers,therearealsoobstaclestoimplementation.The reviewhighlightedalackofplannerandpractitionerawarenessofpossibilitiesbutthatlessonscanbe transferredbetweenMemberStatesandthereisademandfortoolsandtechniques.Tocomplementthe findingsofthereviewadatabaseofriverrestorationprojectsisbeingcreatedbytheproject,providing furtherunderstandingofpolicyopportunitiesandconstraints,theeffectivenessofrestorationmethods, designissuesandprojectcostsandbenefits. ForeveryapplicationoftheHydropowerSustainabilityAssessmentProtocolthatLIFE09ENV/UK/026 Hydro4LIFEconducts,theprojectplanstorecordtheWFDdesignationandclassificationsateachsite. Analysisofthedatawillcomparetheassessmentofoverallprojectsustainability(usingtheProtocol)with compliancewiththeWFD.IfprojectsachieveahighsustainabilityassessmentscoreusingtheProtocol,but failtomeettheWFDobjectivesset,itcouldindicatethatthewayinwhichtheDirectiveisbeingappliedin thatregionistothedetrimentofsocialandeconomicsustainability.Inthisrespect,theprojectwillbeable tohighlightregulatorsthataresettingrequirementsbasedontheecologicalstatusofwaterbodiesthat
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compromisebroadersustainabilitygoals,andrecommendwaysinwhichthesegoalscanbebalanced. LIFE06ENV/F/133ArtWetsuccessfullydemonstratedthemitigationofagriculturalnonpointsourcepesticide pollutionandphytoremediationusingartificialwetlandecosystems.Throughanassessmentofthe implementationoftheWFDinthreecountries(Italy,GermanyandFrance)theprojectshowedthata harmonisationoftheEuropeanlegislationwouldbeneededtomaketheestablishmentofconstructed wetlandseasier. LIFE06ENV/D/461FLOODSCANhasprovidedinstrumentstowatermanagementauthoritieswhichcanbe usedforcommunicationwiththepublicinareasatfloodriskandonlyrequireminoradjustmentstothelocal situation. 4.6. PreparatoryProjects ThesocalledPreparatoryProjectsweredesignedtohelppolicymakerstryingoutdifferentpolicyideasin practiceandtohavecasestudiesforcertainissuesandtrends.ThepreparatoryprojectsundertheLIFE programme,areprojectswhicharepreparatorytothedevelopmentofnewCommunityenvironmental actionsandinstruments,and/ortheupdatingofenvironmentallegislationandpolicies.23Onlyfour preparatoryprojectshavebeencarriedouttodate,threeofthemalreadycompletedreachingverygood resultsandhelpingthepolicymakers,whileoneisstillongoing.Onlyonepilotprojectdevelopedand testedverificationprotocolsinthreetechnologyareas:wastewatertreatment,soilremediationandenergy. TheUKprojectLIFE06PREP/UK/002TRITECHETV(whichendedinAugust2009)wasusefulasin2002,the EUadoptedtheEnvironmentalTechnologyActionPlan(ETAP).AkeyaspectofETAPisthedevelopmentof improvedtesting,performanceverificationandstandardisationofenvironmentaltechnologiesthrough definedprocesses.TheTRITECHETVprojecthassetupandrunapilotschemefortheverificationof environmentaltechnologies,includingwastewatertreatment. 4.7. Factorsforsuccessandfailure
Itisnoteasytodeterminewhatmakesaprojectparticularlysuccessful,asprojectsvarysignificantlyand whatworksforoneprojectmightleadtodifficultiesinthecaseofanother.Thereisrarelyonefactorthat leadstooverallsuccessandtheresultsofouranalysissuggestthatthemostsuccessfulprojectshave addressedriskstotheprojectatanearlystageandhavemanagedtoovercomethem.Itistruetosaythat developingsoundnetworksandconsultingwithallrelevantstakeholders,betheyintheprivatesector(e.g. farmers)orinpublicbodies(e.g.theregulators)isacriticalfactorandthemostsuccessfulprojectsinterms ofpolicyinterventionareoneswhichengagewiththeappropriatenationalbodieswhoareinapositionto adoptnewpracticesormakechangestoregulations.Establishinglonglastinginstitutionalarrangements, thatcanbeinplaceaftertheLFIEprojecthasclosedalsoprovidesamuchbetterplatformforpolicy intervention.Thesestronginstitutionallinksappeartobemostimportantforprojectsdevelopingsomekind ofsoftware,dataprocessingormodellingproductsthatrequirecontinuoussupportforeffective implementation.Fortechnologybasedprojects,mostofwhichdealwithsomeformofwatertreatment,the mostcriticalaspectsforsuccessappeartobefuturefinancingandtheabilityoftheprojectteamtomake thesignificantstepfromprototypeorpilottofullcommercialisation.Inthecurrenteconomicclimateof reducedpublicspendingacrossallsectorsandageneralreluctancebyinvestorstoinvestinuntried technology,thethreatstowidescaleapplicationtechnologybasedprojectsisincreasing.Asummaryofthe successfactorsandthreatstowatersectorprojectsispresentedinTable42.Ingeneralthewaterprojects weretypicallysmallscaleprojectsthatdidnotreallyaffectnationalprogrammes,butdespitethisfact,we havefoundsomegoodexamplesofnational,transboundaryandinternationalcooperation.Inourviewthe projectsshouldbemuchmoreproactivetodisseminatetheirresultsinEuropeanlevelandshouldmakethe EUpolicymakersawareoftheresultsachieved.
23
Guidelines20052006forLIFEEnvironmentpreparatoryprojects(2004/C287/02)
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Table42:FactorsforSuccessandOperationalThreatsofLIFEENV/INF/NATProjectsintheWaterSector ThematicFocusofProject WaterFrameworkDirective SuccessFactors Verygoodpartnership,includingmostrelevantlocal municipalities,researchinstitutesanduniversitiesand goodsynergywithprivateconsultanciestofacilitate goodprojectmanagement Highcommitmentofregionalauthorityforthe successfulcompletionofproject Creationofmonitoringnetwork Creationofaseriesofguidelinesandactionplansfor implementingamoresustainableapproachforwater management Thecreationofcomprehensivenewdatabasesonwater useandmanagement(includingGISmapping) Regularlysharinginformationwithregionalstakeholders (technicalcommittees,webGIS,Wiki) TohaveastrongplatformforEUwide(andglobal) stakeholderengagementandproactiveinexploringlinks betweentheWFDissues StronglinkswithrelevantcountryMarineStrategy Groups(MSGs)responsibleforimplementingMSFD nationally Identificationof,andengagementwith,keypolicy stakeholders Workingwithcommittedstakeholderstoproduce guidelinesforimplementationoftheecosystemsbased approachtomarinemanagement Threats Unlesssolutionsarerapidlytransferredtomarketplace interestinfurtherdevelopment/useislost InterpretationofWFDatnationallevelishavingdirect consequencesonapprovalofnewprojectsandallocationof concessionsandpermissionsforhydropowerdevelopment underRenewablesDirective InabilitytosecuretheactiveparticipationofanEUbased regulatorybodycanjeopardisewiderprojectapplication Reluctancefrompeopleinsidethescientificcommunityto sharetheirresultsoutsidetheircommunity Alotofprojectsconcentratedtheirresearchonsolvinglocal problemsresultsnotdirectlytransferable Downturnineconomiesmeanthatprospectiveuserswantto investonlyinapprovedworkingsolutionsoftenlimited acceptanceofinnovativesolutions
MarineStrategyFramework Directive
Engagingwithfishingcommunityhasprovedexceptionally difficultlackofinputfrommajorgroupscouldundermine effortsindelivery MSFDimplementationinterpreteddifferentlyindifferent countries Implementationtimetablesdifferentindifferentcountriesso somemoreadvancedthanotherstimingofinterventions canbedifficult PublicawarenessconcerningissuesandrequirementsofMSFD low
IPPCandFloodsDirectives
Making the software readily available on the market (i.e. Floodscanmethodology)
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ThematicFocusofProject
POLLUTIONCONTROL UWWT Nitrates Dischargeofpollution Groundwater
SuccessFactors Cooperation between water management and land surveyingauthorities Better flood risk communication which enables informationofthepublicareasatrisk Beactiveinraisingawarenessinthelocaltargetgroups (farmers,tourists,localcommunities)througharangeof interactivemeans Innovativetechnicalsolutionshavewidescale implicationsforimplementationofdirectives Possiblenewregulations/legislationconcerningartificial rechargeofaquifersmayresultfromprojectactivities
Threats
AQUATICORGANISMS SupportingFish Shellfish
Welldevelopedtechniquesforimprovingwaterbodies tosupportfishspecies Widerangeofmanagementapproachesthatarereadily transferableandcanbereplicatedinarangeofwater bodies Stakeholderconsultationcriticalforeffective implementation ManyprojectscontributingtoWFDobjectiveshavevalue addedinimprovingwaterqualityforfishspecies ConflictresolutionbetweenWFDandREDinterpretation inmanycountriesconcretesolutionsfoundwhereby countriescanresolveissueswhicharemainlyrelatedto fishspecies
Differentcountrieshavedifferentplanningandfinancing requirementsandalsodifferentinterpretationofthe directives Projectswithnoinstitutionalpartnersornationalpolicy makersruntheriskofuncertainstatusattheendofthe project Sometechnologiesonlyprototypeandnoevidenceprovided thattechnologycanbeeasilyreproducedespeciallytrueof productsthatareintendedforfarmscaleimplementation HarmonisationofEuropeanlegislationinsomeareaswouldbe neededtomakeresultsmoretransferable(e.g.establishment ofconstructedwetlands) Localscaledemonstrationswithnonationalrepresentationin partnershipmakereplicationdifficult Lackofprojectsofanykindinrelationtoshellfishdirective PoorwaterqualityoutsideNatura2000site(forNATprojects) canhavesignificantimpactonefficacyofprojectoutcomes Difficultiesinpurchasingpropertyandwaterextractionrights throughavoluntarynegotiationprocesses
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ThematicFocusofProject HUMANHEALTH Drinkingwater Bathingwater
SuccessFactors Rapidassessmenttechniquesdevelopedwithvalue addedenvironmentalbenefits Onlinesystemstogiveearlywarningofhealthhazards Fullyautomatedsystemsreducehumanerrorinanalysis Successfuldevelopmentofinnovativetechnologyto removecontaminationofsurfacewaterbyendocrine disruptors,personalcareproductsandmedicalremnants
Threats Newtechnologyissubjecttomechanical malfunctions/requiresmaintenance Technologysolutionsnotofficiallyrecognised Prototypesrequiresignificantinvestmenttofully commercialise Noinstitutionalpartnerstotranslateresultsintopolicy feedback Technologycanbecostlyreduceslikelihoodofwideruptake incurrenteconomicclimate
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4.7.1. Keyfindingsconcerningthegeneralprogramme ThefocusofprojectsfinancedbytheLIFEprogrammecorrespondstotheprioritiesofthe6thEAP, withanemphasisonnaturalresourcesandwaste,water,strategicapproachesand,morerecently, climatechange.Waterrelatedprojectsrepresent21.6%ofthefundedLIFEprojects.24 LIFEprojectsprovideopportunitiesforthedevelopmentandtestingofideasforpolicydevelopment andimplementation,whichprovidevaluableinsightsintowhat,andwhatisnot,feasible. LIFEprojectscoverthebroadscopeofthepolicycycle,andhavesuccessfullycontributedto environmentalpoliciesinthedifferentphasesofthiscycle,i.e.monitoring,scoping,policy development,policyimplementationandpolicyevaluationorreview. TheLIFEprogrammehaseffectivelyandconsistentlycontributedtoenvironmentallegislationand policy.Projectsareoverwhelminglysuccessful(withmorethan80%ofprojectsreachingallor nearlyalloftheirobjectives)andtheLIFEprogrammeisgenerallywellalignedwithrelevant legislationand/orpolicy. TheeffectivenessofLIFEprojectsinprovidinginputforthedevelopmentofEUlevelpolicycouldbe furtherimproved,however. AnimportantbenefitoftheLIFEprogrammeisthatthedemonstrationprojectshavebeenimportant testcasesfornewtechnologiesandmethods. AnotherimportantbenefitoftheLIFEprogrammeisthatitbringstogethertherelevantstakeholders aroundaspecificissue.Althoughthesestakeholdersoftenalreadyknoweachother,conductinga projectcooperativelyoftenbringsaboutalastingimprovementinunderstandingandcooperation betweenorganisations.Thisinturngeneratesbenefits,forinstanceinensuringasmootherand morecoordinatedimplementationofpoliciesthatarenottobeunderestimated. 4.7.2. Policycomplementarily TheexaminedprojectsdemonstratethattheirobjectivescorrespondwiththeLIFE+themesand withthe6thEnvironmentalActionPlan.Therearemanygoodexamplesofprojectshelpinglocal actorsinimplementingEUenvironmentalrequirements,e.g.theWFD.Thereforetheexamined waterprojectsweremosteffectiveinimplementingEUwaterpoliciesanddemonstratingnew technologiesonsmallscale. Ontheotherhand,theeffectoftheprojectsonpolicymakingwaslesssuccessfulastherewaslittle evidenceoffeedbackfromprojectstoEUpolicyandthatcouldbeduetothefactthatsuccessful LIFEprojectsarenotalwayspromotedattherightlevelwithintheappropriatesectoroftheDG. Theexaminedprojectsweregenerallyeffectiveandreachedtheirobjectives,butitmustbenoted thatthedirectenvironmentalresultsandimpactsweregenerallyrestrictedtotheprojectsite/area andthattheprojectsrespondtolocalneedsfallingwithinbroadscopeofthe6thEAP,inthe examinedcasesmostspecificallywithintheWFD. Widerimpactswerefoundonlyinsomeprojectsandmostlyincaseswherepolicymakingwasan objective(preparatoryprojects)orwherestrongEUlinkwasestablishedforthepolicymakers. GenerallyLIFEcoversabroadprojectportfolio;however,mostprojectswereattachedtotheWFD issuesandsomeofthegapsintheportfoliohavebeenhighlightedinthisstudy. Itwasalsoaweaknessthatinmanycasesthedemonstrationpotentialwasnotfullyreleasedor exploited.
24
OverviewofenvironmentprojectsfundedbytheLIFEprogramme19962008,GHKstudy2010
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5. CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS
LIFEprojectscancontributetoEUpolicyatdifferentstagesinthepolicycycle.Whilesomeprojectshave successfullycontributedtoenvironmentalpolicyatthenationalorEUlevel,mostwatersectorprojectsact atthelocallevel. Thewaterprojectsexaminedforthisstudycoveredabroadrangeoftopicsintermsoftypesofwaterissues addressedandsolutionsproposed.Undoubtedly,thoseprojectsaimingtocontributetolegislationdidsoin allstagesofthedevelopmentandimplementationprocess.However,thenumberofprojectsaimingat contributingdirectlytonewpolicyislimitedandthisisthoughttobeattributabletothelengthoftimeit takestodevelopandcompleteaLIFEproject.Ontheotherhand,aconsiderablenumberofprojectsdevelop ordemonstrateconcretewaterutilisation,remediationandpreventionpractices,whichshowtherangeof economicallyfeasibleandenvironmentallysoundoptionswhichcouldcontributetosettingthestandardsfor futurepolicies. TherolethatLIFEprojectscanplayineachphaseofthepolicycyclecanbegenerallydetailedasfollows: Scoping:someprojectswerealreadyworkingoncosteffectiveprogrammeofmeasuresbefore quantitativetargetsbecameobligatoryinEUlegislation.IncasessuchasLIFE05ENV/DK/145Odense PRBAgriPoMtheprojectdemonstratedthedevelopmentofacosteffectiveprogrammeof measurestoreducelevelsofnitrogenandphosphorusoriginatingfromagriculturalactivitiesprior thedeadline. Policydevelopment:fewprojectsaredirectlylinkedtothedevelopmentofnewenvironmental policies.Aspecifictypeofprojects(preparatoryprojects)isdedicatedtothispurposeandthereis onlyoneforthewatersector(seesection4.6).However,oneprojectthatclearlycouldhavearolein definingnewpolicyisLIFE10ENV/IT/394WARBO; aprojectwhichcoulddefinenewpolicyinthe fieldofartificialrechargeofaquifers. Policyimplementation:numerousLIFEprojectsarededicatedtopolicyimplementation,forinstance bydemonstratinghow(future)EUpolicytargetscanbeachieved(e.g.LIFE07ENV/NL/576 PHARMAFILTERprovidesinnovativemethodstotreathospitalwastewaterfordrinkingwater),by addressingimplementationofEUpolicyatthenationallevel(e.g.LIFE09ENV/RO/612CLEANWATER whichhelpsdevelopamodernRomanianwatermanagementsystem)orbydemonstrating technologies(e.g.LIFE06ENV/B/359MULTIBARDEMthatdemonstratedthemultibarriertechnology inBelgiumandAustria).ThisisarguablytheareawhereLIFEprojectsexcelandmakethelargest contributiontoEUpolicy. Policyevaluation/review:although,duetothedemonstrationnatureoftheLIFEprogramme,this elementislessprominentlyrepresentedintheprojectportfolio,therearegoodexamplesofLIFE waterprojectscontributingtopolicyreview(e.g.LIFE07ENV/L/540M3whichidentified shortcomingsintheWFDCommonImplementationStrategy).Similarlythereareseveralprojects whicharedealingwiththeimplementationissuessurroundingtheWFDandtheRED(seesection 4.2.7).TheseprojectsaremakingavaluablecontributiontoresolvingthedifficultiesthatMember Statesperceivetheyfaceintryingtoimplementbothdirectivesandtheycouldwellcontributeto policyreforminthefuture.
Generallyspeaking,LIFEprojectsaresuccessful:accordingtotheexpoststudycarriedoutfortheLIFEIII programme,theprojectleveleffectivenessoftheLIFEEnvironmentprojectsisassessedashighasmore than80%havereachedallornearlyalloftheirobjectives. Buthowwelldotheprojectsactuallyservethepolicymaker?Externalevaluatorstendtovaluethepractical experimentationwhichLIFEprojectscontributetopolicymaking,andtheyacknowledgethatprojectsare
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relevanttoEUpolicy.AccordingtotheLIFE+midtermevaluation25,LIFEprojectsprovideopportunitiesfor thedevelopmentandtestingofideasforpolicydevelopmentandimplementationwhich,basedonreal conditionsandactionsontheground,providefeedbackandinsightonwhatisfeasibleorlessfeasible, identifyinggoodpracticeswherepossible. Whiletheapproachisvalidandprioritiesappropriate,potentialprojectcontributionscanbelimitedbythe longprojectcycle,whichmaynotsuittheneedsofthepolicymakingandlegislativecycles:projectscantake fourorfiveyearstoyieldresults,bywhichtimepolicyprioritiesmaywellhavemovedon. Onepossiblelimitationisthattheemphasisoftheprojectsselectedmaynotmatchtheimmediatepriorities ofthepolicymakers.ThisisinevitableconsideringtheLIFEprogrammesopenprogrammingapproach, acceptingapplicationsinanyrelevantfieldofEUenvironmentalpolicy.However,openprogrammingcan alsoleadtobenefitsaspotentiallyallaspectsofwaterpolicycanbeaddressed,ratherthanplacing emphasisonselectiveareas.Inthiswayitispossibletomakebreakthroughsinlesswellunderstoodpolicy areas,agoodexampleofwhichistheLIFE10ENV/IT/394WARBO whichmaymakeanimportant contributiontohowtheCommissiondealswithartificialrechargeofaquifers,anareawherepolicyis currentlylacking. Itshouldbenotedthatevenifaprojectdoesnotinitiallysetouttoinfluencepolicyreform,innovative approachestoenvironmentalproblemscouldlaterbetakentoaccountinpolicydevelopment.Theauthors ofthisreportunderstandthatstudiesareoftenconductedforDGENVduringscopingandpolicy developmentandthatLIFEfundedprojects(amongothers)areanalysed.However,thiscontributionis difficulttoquantifyandconcretesupportingevidenceislacking.Ifaprojectdoesinadvertentlyleadto policyreformitislikelytobeaftertheprojectresultshavebeenpublished.Atthepresenttimethereisno mechanismtorecordthesesuccessesotherthanthroughtheexpostprojectevaluationswhichare conductedonaregularbasisbytheLIFEUnit.Thereisagoodargumentthattheseexpostevaluations shouldbeinteraliamoretargetedtowardsprojectsthathavethepotentialtoeitherinfluencepolicyreform atalaterstageorwherethereisahighpotentialtotransfer/replicatetheresults. ThegapanalysishighlightedsomeareaswhereLIFEcouldbemoreactive.ItisrecommendedthattheLIFE programmeencouragesmoreapplicationsinpolicyareaswheretherearecurrentlyfewprojects,specifically inassistingMemberStatestodevelopprogrammesofmeasures,withcertainaspectsoftheFloods Directive,establishingEQSsandwiththeShellfishDirective.Inaddition,projectswhichaimtocontribute tocertainaspectsoftheWFD,andforthatmattertheMSFD,shouldbemorepreciseinstatingwhicharea oftherelevantdirectivetheprojectisrelatedto.Beneficiariesshouldbeaskedtoprovidemoredetailed informationonthepolicydirection,ifnecessaryattherevisionstage,asitisnotreallyacceptabletosimply statethattheprojectcontributestotheimplementationoftheWFDaphrasethatisoftenfoundinLIFE applications.ThiswillbecomemoreandmoreimportantasvariouswaterpoliciesarerepealedbytheWFD inthenearfuture. Oneoftheoutcomesofthisstudywasthedevelopmentofamatrix(seeAnnexes2and3)whichattemptto linkalltheLIFEwaterrelatedprojectstospecificareasofpolicy.Thedevelopmentofthistoolwasacritical elementindeterminingtheeffectivenessoftheindividualprojectsinrelationtotheirstatedpolicyareas. Someoftheproblemsencounteredinpopulatingthismatrixi.e.policyareaswerenotfullydescribedinthe documentationorhowsuccessfultheprojecthadbeenincontributingtothespecifiedpolicyarea,couldbe improvedbybetterreportingrequirementsinboththeapplicationandthefinalreportingstagesoftheLIFE projects.Nevertheless,thevalueofthematrixasameansofselectingprojectswhichcontributetospecific policyareasandthereforeasaneasyreferencetooltoanswerquestionsthatthepolicyunitsmaywishto raise,washighlightedinthefeedbackcommentsfromDGENVinthattheyintendtousethematricesto
25
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/about/documents/com2010_516_final.pdf
72
feedintotheWISERTDreporting.Itshouldbenotedthatsomeoftheinformationisalreadyavailablevia theFP7STEPWISEprogrammewhichhasalreadyaccessedallLIFEprojectstotheWISEportal (http://www.wisertd.info/en).Nevertheless,itmaybethatthetoolsdevelopedunderthisstudyprovidea differentlevelofinformationthatisusefultotheWaterUnitanditisrecommendedthatthesematricesare updatedtoincludeinformationaboutprojectsastheycloseandaboutnewprojectsthatemergethrough thenewroundsofLIFEfunding. Inconclusion,LIFEprojectsexcelatpolicyimplementationbuthavelessinfluenceinotherareasofthe policycycle.WhileLIFEprojectsdorespondtochanginglegislation(i.e.responsetothecallfordevelopment ofintegratedRBMPsundertheWFD)themannerofdelivery(i.e.local/regional,smallscale,innovativeand highlytechnicalprojects),hasnotchangedagreatdealovertheyears.However,themovetolarger, integratedprojectsbeingdevelopedunderthenewLIFEinstrumentwhichwillbecomeeffectivein2014, acknowledgesthisissueofscaleandshouldleadtomoreeffectivereproductionofresultsacrosswider geographicalunits.
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Annex1
InitialProjectAssessment
Annex1
Website
Project acronym
Project title
Funding
contract code
start date
end date
e-mail coordinator
name coordinator
Website entered
LIFE database website
Data Info collected
Comments
Aquatic Warbler project
Conserving Acrocephalus paludicola in Poland and Germany
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/PL/000101
1/2/2005
31/05/2010 izabela.flor@otop.org.pl Izabela FLOR
http://www.otop.org.pl/ ; http://www.wodniczka.pl/
http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=292 6 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=293 4 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=299 8
10/02/2011
Ardmouperl
Restoration of pearl mussel populations in the Ardennes
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/L/000116
1/9/2005
31/08/2011
secretariat.commun@lu Frantz-Charles xnatur.lu Muller
http://www.margaritifera.eu/
16/02/2011
BALTCOAST
Rehabilitation of the Baltic coastal lagoon habitat complex
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/D/000152
01/05/2005
project@life31/12/2011 baltcoast.eu; kueper@sn-sh.de
Britta KPER
www.life-baltcoast.eu
16/02/2011
Baltic MPAs
Marine protected areas in the Eastern Baltic Sea
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 01/08/2005 NAT/LV/000100
31/07/2009 heidrun.fammler@bef.lv
Heidrun FAMMLER
http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://lifempa.balticseaportal.n dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc et/ h.dspPage&n_proj_id=292 7 http://ec.europa.eu/environ http://www.ccmar.ualg.pt/biom ment/life/project/Projects/in ares/ dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=316 4 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.biomura.si/ang/def dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc ault.aspx h.dspPage&n_proj_id=315 3 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in www.bluereef.dk dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=310 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://life.notranjskidex.cfm?fuseaction=searc park.si/eng/ h.dspPage&n_proj_id=315 4 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in www.lifecilentoinrete.eu dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=321 8 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.lifecomebis.eu/ dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=316 http://ec.europa.eu/environ http://www.lifement/life/project/Projects/in kuestenheiden.niedersachse dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc n.de h.dspPage&n_proj_id=294 http://ec.europa.eu/environ http://www.natuurpunt.be/nl/n ment/life/project/Projects/in atuurbehoud/life-natura-/lifedex.cfm?fuseaction=searc dommeldal_742.aspx h.dspPage&n_proj_id=292
16/02/2011
Biomares
Restoration and Management of Biodiversity in the Marine Park Site Arrbida-Espichel
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/P/000192
01/01/2007
01/01/2011 kerzini@ualg.pt
Karim ERZINI
16/02/2011
BIOMURA
Conservation of biodiversity of the Mura river in Slovenia
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/SI/000066
31/10/2006
31/10/2011 uprava@izvrs.si
Mitja STAREC; Lidija GLOBEVNIK
16/02/2011
BLUEREEF
Rebuilding of Marine Cavernous Boulder Reefs in Kattegat
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 01/08/2006 NAT/DK/000159
01/04/2012
anb@sns.dk; ogc@sns.dk
Henrik CHRISTENSE N; Olaf CHRISTIANI
22/02/2011
Cerknisko Jezero
Intermittent Cerknica Lake
LIFE-NAT
01/01/2007
31/12/2009
tanja.vasilevska@notra Tanja njski-park-si VASILEVSKA
22/02/2011
CILENTO IN RETE
Management of the network of pSCIs and SPAs in the Cilento National Park Urgent conservation measures for biodiversity of Central Mediterranean Sea Large Herbivores for Maintenance and Conservation of Coastal Heaths Transboundery habitat restoration in the valley of the Dommel
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/IT/000053
01/01/2007
30/12/2010 direttore@pncvd.it
Giuseppe TARALLO; Angelo DE VITA
22/02/2011
website not in english
Co.Me.Bi.S.
LIFE-NAT
01/10/2006 30/09/2009
rdefilippis@regione.lazi Raniero DE o.it FILIPPIS
22/02/2011
Cuxhavener Kstenheiden
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/D/000051 LIFE05 NAT/B/000091
01/10/2005
30/09/2009
Renate.thole@mu.nied Renate THOLE ersachsen.de Joost DEWYSPELAE RE
16/01/2012
Dommeldal
LIFE-NAT
17/01/2005
31/12/2009 Tel:+32 015 424921
22/02/2011
Fortore 2005
Urgent conservation actions for Fortore River pSCI
LIFE-NAT
01/10/2005
30/03/2010 comunita@wooow.it
Claudio LA ROSA
GREENDANUBE
Conservation and integrated management of Danube islands Romania Protection of coastal habitats in pSCI Torre Guaceto Urgent actions for the endangered Houting "Coregonus oxyrhunchus" From Ancient to the Present Estuary, Kokemenjoki Wetland Chain
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 01/09/2006 NAT/RO/000177 LIFE05 NAT/IT/000050
31/08/2010 office@apmcl.ro
Viorica ENACHE
HABI.COAST
LIFE-NAT
01/01/2006
31/12/2008
segreteria@riservadito Alessandro rreguaceto.it CICCOLELLA Hans Ole HANSEN
Houting
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 01/02/2005 NAT/DK/000153
31/07/2009 ole@sns.dk
Kokemenjoki-LIFE
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/FIN/00012 01/08/2006 9
Arto.Ahokumpu@metsa Arto 31/07/2011 .fi; tapio.aalto@elyAHOKUMPU; keskus.fi Tapio AALTO
http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=290 7 http://ec.europa.eu/environ http://www.ostroaveledunarii.r ment/life/project/Projects/in o/ dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=311 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=290 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.snaebel.dk/ dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=294 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.ymparisto.fi/defaul dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc t.asp?node=21245&lan=en h.dspPage&n_proj_id=315 1 www.lifefortore.eu http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=292 3
07/03/2011
07/03/2011
16/01/2012
No website
07/03/2011
16/03/2011
LIFE - Gesuse
Conservation strategies for woodlands and rivers in the Gesuse Mountains
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/A/000078
01/08/2005
01/08/2010
daniel.kreiner@national Daniel Kreiner park.co.at
www.nationalpark.co.at
16/03/2011
Life Grote Nete
Restoration of the lowland river system 'Grote Nete'
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/B/000090
17/01/2005
tom.debeelde@natuurp Tom DE 31/12/2009 unt.be BEELDE
http://ec.europa.eu/environ http://www.natuurpunt.be/nl/n ment/life/project/Projects/in atuurbehoud/life-natura-/lifedex.cfm?fuseaction=searc grote-nete_752.aspx h.dspPage&n_proj_id=291 8 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=314 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=312 1
16/03/2011
LIFE Obere Drau II
Life in Upper Drau River
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/A/000127
01/09/2006
31/08/2011
norbert.sereinig@ktn.g Norbert v.at SEREINIG
www.life-drau.at
16/03/2011
The re-introduction of allis shad LIFE-Projekt Maifisch (Alosa alosa) in the Rhine System
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/D/000005
01/01/2007
heiner.klinger@lanuv.nr Heiner 31/12/2010 w.de KLINGER
http://www.alosa-alosa.eu
16/01/2012
animals
Lippe-Aue
Optimisation of the pSCI "Lippe flood plain between Hamm and Hangfort"
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/D/000057
08/01/2005
28/02/2010
schmidtformann@stadt. Oliver Schmidthamm.de Formann
Loutre BeLu 20052006
Restoration of European otter habitats (Be & Lu)
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 NAT/B/000085
01/10/2005
30/09/2010
donatien@parcnaturel. Donatien be Liesse
Ecological restoration of the Lower Prut Floodplain Lower Prut Floodplain Natural Park
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 01/11/2005 30/10/2009 office@luncaprut.ro NAT/RO/000155
Fica BOLDEA
Preservation and restoration of Marais de Rochefort the Rochefort marshes biological functions
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/F/000147
01/10/2006 31/12/2010 thierry.micol@lpo.fr
Thierry MICOL
MOFI
Monk seal & fisheries: Mitigating the conflict in Greek seas
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 01/07/2005 NAT/GR/000083
30/06/2009 admin@mom.gr
Spyros KOTOMATAS
NELEAP
Protection of Emys orbicularis and amphibians in the north European lowlands
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 08/01/2005 NAT/LT/000094
31/12/2009 nerijus.z@glis.lt
Nerijus ZABLECKIS
http://ec.europa.eu/environ www.life-lippeaue.de; ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.hamm.de/lifepluslip dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc peaue.html h.dspPage&n_proj_id=295 1 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in www.loutres.be dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=291 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in www.luncaprut.ro dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=295 3 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.maraisderochefort dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc .lpo.fr h.dspPage&n_proj_id=313 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://mofi.mom.gr dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=293 6 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.glis.lv dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=294 2
16/03/2011
16/03/2011
16/03/2011
16/03/2011
16/01/2012
16/01/2012
STREAM
River Avon cSAC: demonstrating strategic restoration and management
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 01/08/2005 NAT/UK/000143
30/09/2009
jenny.wheeldon@englis Jenny h-nature.org.uk WHEELDON
http://www.streamlife.org.uk/
Schwbisches Donautal
Swabian Danube valley
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 NAT/D/000006
01/10/2006
31/03/2011
norbert.knopf@noel.gv. Norbert at KNOPF
http://www.donautal-lifenatur.de/ http://www.staatsbosbeheer.n l/Actueel/Dossiers/LIFE%20N ature/LIFE%20Polder%20W estzaan/Project%20Verbrakki ng%20polder%20Westzaan.a spx www.vlietproject.nl
http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=293 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=311 2 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=312 6
18/03/2011
22/02/2011
Verbrakking Westzaan
Restoration of brackish ecosystems in Westzaan polder
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 01/09/2006 NAT/NL/000076
Kees k.romeijnders@staatsb 31/08/2010 ROMEIJNDER osbeheer.nl S
18/03/2011
Vlietmonding
Connecting 3 pSCI around the Hoeksche Waard for Root Vole
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 23/02/2006 NAT/NL/000079
23/12/2008
mvonk@commissiehw. Mellany VONK nl
Wetland succession
Wetlands: challenges and innovation in succession management
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 01/08/2006 NAT/NL/000074
31/12/2010
a.stoker@natuurmonu menten.nl
T.J. Wams
Wetlands Butterflies
Conservation and upgrading of habitats for rare butterflies of wet, semi-natural meadows
LIFE-NAT
LIFE06 01/08/2006 NAT/PL/000100
31/03/2010 recpl.miazga@data.pl
Micha MIAZGA
WETREST
Restoration of Wetlands at Zahorie Lowland
LIFE-NAT
LIFE05 01/02/2005 NAT/SK/000112
31/12/2008 sibl@broz.sk
Jaromr IBL
http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=312 http://ec.europa.eu/environ http://www.natuurmonumente ment/life/project/Projects/in n.nl/natmmdex.cfm?fuseaction=searc internet/natuurherstel_in_ned h.dspPage&n_proj_id=312 erland/de_wieden/home.htm 4 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in http://www.rec.org.pl/life/engli dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc sh_version/ h.dspPage&n_proj_id=321 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environ ment/life/project/Projects/in www.broz.sk/ dex.cfm?fuseaction=searc h.dspPage&n_proj_id=293 2
18/03/2011
18/03/2011
18/03/2011
18/03/2011
SUM
34
Website
Project acronym
Project title
Funding
contract code
start date
end date
e-mail coordinator
name coordinator
Website entered
Data Info collected Comments
ARION
Systems for Coastal Dolphin Conservation in the Ligurian Sea
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT NAT/IT/000190
01/10/2010
30/09/2014
taiuti@ge.infn.i Mauro TAIUTI t
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3851 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.cetaceos/index.cfm?fuseaction=se madeira.com arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3344 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro http://www.ornitholo nment/life/project/Projects giki.gr/page_in.php? /index.cfm?fuseaction=se tID=2569&sID=172 arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3372 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3530 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3787
16/01/2012
animals
Identifying critical marine areas for bottlenose dolphin CETACEOSM LIFE07 and surveillance of the LIFE-NAT ADEIRA II NAT/P/000646 cetaceans' conservation status in Madeira archipelago
01/06/2009
30/06/2013
luisfreitas@m useudabaleia. Luis FREITAS org
16/01/2012
ConShagAud MIBAGR
Concrete Conservation Actions for the Mediterranean Shag and Audouin's gull in LIFE07 LIFE-NAT 01/01/2009 Greece including the NAT/GR/000285 inventory of relevant marine IBAs Development and demonstration of eradication and control methods for an invasive species: Carybdea marsupialis (Cubozoa), Mediterranean Inventory of marine species and habitats for development of NATURA 2000 network in the offshore waters of Lithuania
31/12/2012
jakobfric@orni thologiki.gr
Jakob FRIC
16/01/2012
animals
CUBOMED
LIFE08 LIFE-NAT NAT/E/000064
01/01/2010
31/12/2014
Cesar cesar.bordeho BORDEHORE re@ua.es FONTANET
16/01/2012
DENOFLIT
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT NAT/LT/000234
01/10/2010
31/03/2015
darius@corpi. ku.lt
Darius DAUNYS
16/01/2012
animals
Elbauen bei Vockerode
Improvement and Long-Term Safeguarding of the Natura LIFE08 LIFE-NAT 2000 Site Dessau-Wrlitz NAT/D/000013 Elbe Floodplain
01/01/2010
31/12/2018
gutzweiler@w wf.de
Karl Gutzweiler
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3519
21/02/2011
Near-natural river and flood Emsplain development of the Dynamik+Habi River Ems at Einen river tate dynamics and habitat diversity
LIFE08 LIFE-NAT NAT/D/000008
01/01/2010
31/12/2014
franz.reinhard @brms.nrw.de
Franz Reinhard
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.ems-life/index.cfm?fuseaction=se nrw.de/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3516 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects www.ymparisto.fi/fin /index.cfm?fuseaction=se marinet arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3329 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro http://www.nationaal nment/life/project/Projects park/index.cfm?fuseaction=se dwingelderveld.nl arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3562 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects www.hortobagyte.h /index.cfm?fuseaction=se u/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3366
21/02/2011
FINMARINET
Inventories and planning for the marine Natura 2000 network in Finland
LIFE07 LIFE-NAT NAT/FIN/00015 1
01/01/2009
31/12/2012
pasi.laihonen @ymparisto.fi
Pasi LAIHONEN
16/01/2012
Healthy Heath
Propagation and development of dry, moist and wet heath in LIFE08 LIFE-NAT the Dwingelderveld SPA and NAT/NL/000192 pSCI
01/01/2010
01/01/2016
p.pasman@dr enthe.nl
Peter PASMAN
15/02/2011
Restoration of sodic lake subHORTOBAGY type of the Pannonic salt LIFE07 LIFE-NAT SODIC LAKES steppe and marsh habitat in NAT/H/000324 the Hortobgy
01/01/2009
30/04/2013
hortobagy.te@ Zoltan ECSEDI chello.hu
23/02/2011
INDEMARES
Inventory and designation of marine Natura 2000 areas in the Spanish sea
LIFE07 LIFE-NAT NAT/E/000732
01/01/2009
31/12/2013
indemares@fu ndacionbiodiversidad. es; dpena@funda cionbiodiversidad. stephen@wye uskfoundation. org
David PEA
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.indemar /index.cfm?fuseaction=se es.es arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3370 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3538 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3523
16/01/2012
ISAC 08
Irfon Special Area of Conservation Project
LIFE08 LIFE-NAT 01/01/2010 NAT/UK/000201
15/09/2013
Stephen MARSHSMITH
23/02/2011
Keiljungfer
Optimization of watercourses in Middle Franconia for the LIFE08 LIFE-NAT Green club-tailed Dragonfly NAT/D/000002 (Ophi-ogomphus cecilia) Halt the loss of European Biodiversity through the recovery of habitats and species of the islets of Porto Santo and surrounding marine area.
01/01/2010
31/12/2013
a-vAndreas VON lindeiner@lbv. LINDEINER de
23/02/2011
Life Ilhus do Porto Sant
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT NAT/PT/000041
01/09/2010
31/08/2014
diliamenezes. sra@govmadeira.pt elena.diaz@ju ntadeandaluia. es; dgdsia.cma@j untadeandaluc ia.es schmidtforman n@stadt.ham m.de
Dilia MENEZES
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.pnm.pt/ /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3802 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3829 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects www.hamm.de/en/li /index.cfm?fuseaction=se feplus-projekt.html arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3522 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3844 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3822 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3842 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects www.murerleben.at/ /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.life-rhein/index.cfm?fuseaction=se bislich.de/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3521 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects www.lifeparc.eu/ /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3342 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3808
16/01/2012
Conservation of Posidonia Life Posidonia oceanica meadows in Andalucia Andalusian Mediterranean Sea
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT 01/01/2011 NAT/ES/000534
31/12/2013
Elena DAZ ALMELA
16/01/2012
Life Projekt "Lippeaue"
Improvement of the connection between the river and the floodplain within the LIFE08 LIFE-NAT pSCI "Lippe floodplain NAT/D/000010 between Hangfort and Hamm" Recovery of populations of Margaritifera margaritifera and Galemys pyrenaicus inn the Ulla river basin (Galicia).
01/03/2010
28/02/2015
Oliver SCHMIDTFORMANN
23/02/2011
MARGAL ULLA
31/08/2015
esus.santamar ina.fernandez Jess @xunta.es; SANTAMARIN biodiversidade A 2.cma@xunta. FERNNDEZ es
25/02/2011
MARMONI
Innovative approaches for marine biodiversity monitoring LIFE09 and assessment of LIFE-NAT NAT/LV/000238 conservation status of nature values in the Baltic Sea Conservation of Marine Protected Species in Mainland Portugal
01/10/2010
31/03/2015
heidrun.famml er@bef.lv
Heidrun FAMMLER
16/01/2012
MarPro
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT NAT/PT/000038
01/01/2011
31/12/2015
catarina.eira@ Catarina EIRA ua.pt
16/01/2012
Murerleben
Mur experience - Alpine river management Upper Mur Vahnum - Restoration of a side channel of the river Rhine near Wesel, Lower German Rhine
LIFE-NAT
LIFE08/NAT/A/0 01/02/2010 00614
01/02/2015
rudolf.hornich @stmk.gv.at
Rudolf HORNICH
25/02/2011
Nebenrinne Bislich
LIFE-NAT
LIFE08 NAT/D/000007
01/01/2010
31/12/2015
info@NABUKlaus Naturschutzsta MARKGRAFtion.de MAU
25/02/2011
P.A.R.C.
Petromyzon And River Continuity
LIFE-NAT
LIFE07/NAT/IT/0 12/01/2009 00413
31/12/2011
direttore@parc omagra.it
Patrizio Scarpellini
25/02/2011
POSEIDONE
Urgent conservation actions of *Posidonia beds of Northern Latium
LIFE-NAT
01/12/2010
30/09/2014
paololupino@ Paolo LUPINO beachmed.eu
16/01/2012
REFLOW
Re-establishing a natural water flow level in the river system "Mlleen"
LIFE07 LIFE-NAT 01/01/2009 NAT/DK/000100
30/06/2011
iddni@sns.dk
Ida DAHLNIELSEN
Restoration of hydrological LIFE09 Renaturyzacja system in the Middle basin of LIFE-NAT NAT/PL/000258 Biebrza Valley Phase I.
01/09/2010
30/12/2016
biebrza@vp.pl
Mariusz SIAKOWSKI
Rheinauen bei Rhine wetlands near Rastatt Rastatt
LIFE-NAT
LIFE09 01/01/2011 NAT/DE/000004
31/12/2015
daniel.raddatz @rpk.bwl.de
Daniel RADDATZ
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3352 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.renaturyz /index.cfm?fuseaction=se acja.biebrza.org.pl/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3862 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro http://www.rheinaue nment/life/project/Projects n-rastatt.de/ /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3563
http://www.skovogn atur.dk/Naturprojekt er/Projekter/Hovedst aden/Molleasystem et/
01/03/2011
01/03/2011
01/03/2011
The Dutch Crane Resort
Improvement of hydrological conditions in peat bog area Fochtelorveen Restoration of tributaries of the Vindel river combined with monitoring and evaluation of ecological responses of species and Restoring Hydrology in Amalvas and uvintas Wetlands
LIFE-NAT
LIFE08/NAT/NL/ 01/01/2010 000193
31/12/2014
f.vanrossum@ natuurmonum enten.nl
Fen VAN ROSSUM
04/03/2011
Vindel River LIFE
LIFE08/NAT/S/0 LIFE-NAT 01/01/2010 00266
31/12/2014
johanna.garde Johanna strom@emg.u GARDESTR mu.se M
WETLIFE
LIFE-NAT
LIFE07/NAT/LT/ 000530
01/01/2009
31/03/2012
a.stoskus@gpf .lt
Argaudas STOKUS
http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://vindelriverlife.s /index.cfm?fuseaction=se e/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3567 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.wetlife.g /index.cfm?fuseaction=se pf.lt/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3334 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects http://www.wetman. /index.cfm?fuseaction=se si/ arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3832 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3867 http://ec.europa.eu/enviro nment/life/project/Projects /index.cfm?fuseaction=se arch.dspPage&n_proj_id= 3845
04/03/2011
04/03/2011
WETMAN
Conservation and management of freshwater wetlands in Slovenia
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT NAT/SI/000374
01/02/2011
01/02/2015
nika.debeljak @zrsvn.si
Nika DEBELJAK ABEC
04/03/2011
ZTAR
Zwin Tidal Area Restoration
LIFE09 LIFE-NAT 01/01/2011 NAT/BE/000413
31/12/2015
evy.dewulf@ln e.vlaanderen.b Evy DEWULF e
16/01/2012
-LAGOON
Restauracin y gestin del hbitat en dos lagunas costeras del Delta del Ebro: Alfacada y Tancada
31/12/2014
carles.ibanez Carles IBAEZ @irta.cat
04/03/2011
Website
Project acronym
Project title
Funding
contract code
start date
end date
e-mail coordinator
name coordinator
Website entered
ECOTONE
Management of riparian habitats towards the conservation of endangered invertebrates
LIFE-NAT
LIFE10 NAT/PT/000073
01/01/2012
01/01/2016
fcnatureza@que rcus.pt
Jos Paulo MARTINS
http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4036
12/01/2012
Emmericher Ward
River and floodplain improvement - Emmericher Ward within the EU LIFE-NAT Bird Area Unterer Niederrhein Restoration of salt flats around 27 endorheic wetland areas in La LIFE-NAT Mancha Restoring the hydrological regime of the Kemeri National Park
LIFE10 NAT/DE/000010
01/01/2012
31/12/2017
Klaus.markgraf @nabunaturschutzstati on.de director@altogu adiana.es
Klaus MARKGRAFMAU Enrique Jess CALLEJA HURTADO
http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4086 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4056 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4073 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4044 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4037 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4062 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4096 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4055 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4039 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4068 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4084 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4078
12/01/2012
HUMEDALES DE LA MANCHA
LIFE10 NAT/ES/000563
01/10/2011
30/09/2014
12/01/2012
HYDROPLAN
LIFE-NAT
LIFE10 NAT/LV/000160
01/09/2011
31/08/2016
ilze.kuze@daba. gov.lv
Ilze KUZE
12/01/2012
LIFE Continuit cologique
LIFE ecological continuity, management of catchment area LIFE-NAT and associated patrimonial fauna
LIFE10 NAT/FR/000192
01/09/2011
01/09/2015
nicolas.galmiche @parcdumorvan .org
Nicolas GALMICHE
12/01/2012
LIFE+ Lavant
Habitats network for endangered LIFE-NAT small fish species
LIFE10 NAT/AT/000017
01/10/2011
31/12/2015
siegfried.juri@kt n.gv.at
Siegfried JURI
12/01/2012
Ljubljanica connects
Restoration of the Ljubljanica River corridor and improvement of the rivers flow regime Actions for the recovery and the conservation of dune and back dune habitats in the Molise Region Creating an inventory of Marine IBAs for Puffinus Yelkouan, Calonectris diomedea and Hydrobates pelagicus in Malta
LIFE-NAT
01/01/2012
31/12/2015
mitja.brilly@fgg.u ni-lj.si
Mitja BRILLY
12/01/2012
MAESTRALE
LIFE-NAT
19/09/2011
30/06/2017
fusco.sara@gm ail.com
Sara Fusco
12/01/2012
MALTA SEABIRD PROJECT
LIFE-NAT
LIFE10 NAT/MT/000090
01/09/2011
30/06/2016
paul.debono@bi rdlifemalta.org
Paul DEBONO
12/01/2012
Netzwerk Donau Danube Network
LIFE-NAT
01/09/2011
31/12/2017
Herfried.harreite r@verbund.at
Herfried HARREITER
12/01/2012
OROKLINI
Restoration and Management of Oroklini Lake SPA (CY6000010) LIFE-NAT in Cyprus
LIFE10 NAT/CY/000716
01/01/2012
31/12/2014
Lemesos.thira@ cytanet.com.cy
Nikolaos Kassinis
12/01/2012
Rur und Kall
Rur and Kall fluvial habitats
LIFE-NAT
LIFE10 NAT/DE/000008
01/01/2012
31/12/2016
info@biostationdueren.de
Heidrun DSSELSIEBERT
12/01/2012
SHARKLIFE
Urgent actions for the conservation of cartilaginous fish LIFE-NAT in Italy
01/10/2011
31/12/2014
sdimarco@cts.it
Luigi VEDOVATO
12/01/2012
SIMARINENATURA
Preparatory inventory and activities for the designation of marine IBA and SPA site for Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii in Slovenia
LIFE-NAT
01/09/2011
28/02/2015
ursa.koce@dop ps.si
Ura KOCE
http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4061 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4075 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4070
12/01/2012
SUBLIMO
Biodiversity Survey of Fish PostLarvae in the Western LIFE-NAT Mediterranean Sea
LIFE10 NAT/FR/000200
01/12/2011
01/04/2015
lenfant@univperp.fr
Philippe LENFANT
12/01/2012
Untere MarchAuen
Restoration of the Lower Morava LIFE-NAT floodplains
01/10/2011
31/10/2017
franz.steiner@vi Franz STEINER a-donau.org
12/01/2012
Website
Project acronym
Project title
Funding
contract code
start date
end date
e-mail coordinator
name coordinator
Website entered
Thalassa
Thalassa Campaign: Learn, Act, Protect/Awareness, Educational and Participation Campaign for Marine Mammals in Greece
LIFE-INF
LIFE09/INF/GR/320
01/09/2010
31/12/2013
v.savvidou@mo Valia m.gr SAVVIDOU
http://www.thalassaproject.gr
http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3775
12/01/2012
Already on list (MAYBE)
Halt the decline of fish biodiversity, in the Prespa basin, PROM.SUS.FIS. by promoting sustainable fishery LIFE-INF PR.PRESPA practices in compliance with EU policy
LIFE09/INF/GR/319
01/10/2010
31/03/2013
spp@line.gr
Marianna VLASSI
http://www.spp.gr/life_p respafish/index.php?o ption=com_content&vi ew=article&id=2&Itemi d=3&lang=en
http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3774 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4033 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4026 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4032 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4027 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=4030
12/01/2012
fish biodiversity
Saimaan lohikalojen Investing in Water
Promoting sustainable salmon LIFE-INF fishing practices on Lake Saimaa Achieving Reduction in Water Consumption by Business in Malta LIFE-INF
LIFE10/INF/FI/52 LIFE10 INF/MT/000091
01/10/2011 01/10/2011
31/03/2014 31/03/2014
kirjaamo.pohjoisVeli-Matti karjala@elyKAIJOMAA keskus.fi ceo@mbb.org.m Joe Tanti t
12/01/2012
Already on list
08/10/2011
Already on list
SHOWW
SHOWW - puShing aHead with LIFE-INF field implementatiOn of best fitting Wastewater treatment and management solutions Information and communications LIFE-INF campaign for the proper use and management of nitrates in agriculture and livestock breeding Live Water - from Biodiversity to the Tap LIFE-INF
LIFE10 INF/IT/000282
01/09/2011
28/08/2014
Riccardo.Gori@ Riccardo GORI dicea.unifi.it
08/10/2011
Already on list
InfoNitrates
LIFE10 INF/MT/000092
01/09/2011
31/12/2013
mario.j.spiteri@ Mario SPITERI gov.mt
08/10/2011
Already on list
AQUAVIVA
LIFE10 INF/SI/000135
01/09/2011
31/08/2014
marjana@lutra.s Marjana i HNIGSFELD ADAMI bvalettini@acqu Bruna ariodigenova.it VALETTINI www.fishscale.eu/
08/10/2011
Already on list
FISH SCALE
Food Information and Safeguard LIFE-INF of Habitat a Sustainable Consumption Approach in Local Environment Promoting sustainable production LIFE-INF and consumption patterns: the example of olive oil European awareness raising campaign for an environmentally sustainable olive mill waste management LIFE-INF
01/10/2010
30/09/2013
http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3880 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3510
16/09/2011
Was a MAYBE
INFOIL
LIFE08 INF/GR/000581
01/01/2010
31/12/2012
gpap@dpem.tuc Georgios .gr PAPADAKIS
http://www.infoil.tuc.gr
15/09/2011
Was a MAYBE
Olico+
01/01/2009
31/12/2011
f.santori@isrim.i Francesca t SANTORI
http://www.lifeoleicoplu http://ec.europa.eu/environm s.it/ ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3320 http://www.environmenthttp://ec.europa.eu/environm agency.gov.uk/aboutus ent/life/project/Projects/index. /wfo/128855.aspx cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3780 http://www.wataclic.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3499 http://www.vuvh.sk/inde x.php/sk_SK/projektlife/zakladneinformacie-o-projekte http://www.energysavin gtrust.org.uk/corporate /Corporate-and-mediasite/Keyinitiatives/Newhttp://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3503 http://ec.europa.eu/environm ent/life/project/Projects/index. cfm?fuseaction=search.dspP age&n_proj_id=3312
14/09/2011
Was a MAYBE
RESTORE
Rivers: Engaging, Supporting and LIFE-INF Transferring knOwledge for Restoration in Europe Water against climate change. Sustainable water management in urban areas LIFE-INF
LIFE09 INF/UK/000032
01/09/2010
30/09/2013
info@ecrr.org
WIM ZEEMAN
16/09/2011
Already on list
WATACLIC
01/01/2010
31/12/2012
giulio.conte@am Giulio CONTE bienteitalia.it
16/09/2011
Already on list
WATLIFE
RENEW
Enhancement of Public LIFE-INF Awareness of the Importance of Water for Life, its Protection and Sustainable Use in Accordance with the Water Framework Regional Environmental LIFE-INF Networks for Energy & Water
LIFE08 INF/SK/000243
01/01/2010
31/12/2013
brtko@vuvh.sk
01/01/2009
31/12/2011
Director General of Water Research Institute Ing. Juraj Brtko, jo.kaye@est.org Jo KAYE .uk
16/09/2011
Already on list
12/01/2012
TOTAL Numbers
LIFE III NAT projects LIFE + NAT projects LIFE2010 NAT projects LIFE INF projects 34 32 16 14
TOTAL
96
Of interest?
General project information
Website
YES Yes
Maybe
Keywords
Project acronym
Project title
Actions for systemic aquifer protection: implementation and demonstration of a Protocol to scale down groundwater vulnerability to pollution due to Integrated Protection of Surface and Groundwater in Agricultural Regions
Funding
LIFE-ENV
contract code
LIFE06 ENV/IT/000255
start date
02/10/2006
end date
01/10/2009
Yes
maintenance (technical) A.S.A.P. integrated management drinking water water supply agricultural method, AGWAPLAN environmental impact of agriculture, water resources management pest control agricultural ArtWET pollution water quality
name e-mail coordinator coordinator o.cei@acqueingegneria.net Oberdan CEI
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/DK/000155
01/11/2005
01/03/2009
iaw@landcentret.dk
Irene Asta WIBORG
Data Info Website entered LIFE database website collected http://www.klink.it/gate/asa http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 15/03/2011 p project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=306 http://www.agwaplan.dk/ag 1 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/03/2011 waplan.htm project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=282 2 http://www.artwet.fr/artwet/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 15/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=309 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 15/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=286 http://www.lifehttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 battle.bologna.enea.it/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=287 2 http://www.befairproject.co http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 m/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=287 6 http://www.cepe-life.nl/NL/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=286 6 http://concerteau.ecobag.or http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 g project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=310 0 http://www.aquapole.ulg.ac http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 .be/index.php?pg=52&nr=2 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti 5 on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=317 8 http://www.life.voda.hr/life2/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=296 1 http://www.projectdestinations.org/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 30/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=317 1 http://www.lifeaware.org/
Yes
Mitigation of agricultural nonpoint-source pesticide pollution and phytoremediation in artificial wetland ecosystems Reducing pesticide-related water pollution by improving crop protection practices: The use of embedded ICT*technologies
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/F/000133
01/10/2006
30/09/2009
caro@engees.u-strasbg.fr
Caroline GREGOIRE
Yes
Yes
agricultural method, AWARE environmental impact of agriculture, pollution t lreuse, t textile t l water BATTLE industry
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/F/000058
01/12/2005
28/02/2009
bernadette.ruelle@cemagref Bernadette RUELLE .fr maurizio.casarci@casaccia. Maurizio CASARCI enea.it
Best Available Technique for water reuse in LIFE-ENV TextiLE SMEs
01/12/2005
30/11/2008
Maybe
industrial waste, organic BE-FAIR waste, fishing industry
Benign and environmentally friendly fish LIFE-ENV processing practices to provide added value and innovative solutions for a responsible and sustainable management of fisheries.
LIFE05 ENV/E/000267
15/11/2005
15/11/2008
antonio@iim.csic.es
Antonio lvarez Alonso
Yes
agricultural method, groundwater, pest control, environmental impact of agriculture, horticulture
CEPE
Reduction of pest control impact of LIFE-ENV horticulture on ground and surface water through a system of constant crop monitoring, early diagnoses, prevention and early treatment LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/NL/000021
01/10/2005
31/12/2007
info@CEPE-Life.nl
Rob MEIJER
Yes
Yes
water resources CONCERT'EAU Collaborative Technological Plateform for management implementation for WDF within agricultural environmental impact of context agriculture integrated management pollution control water COPEAU Network for water quality monitoring resources management
LIFE06 ENV/F/000132
01/10/2006
30/09/2009
ecobag1@ecobag.org
Jean RIVENC
LIFE-TCY
LIFE06 TCY/TN/000275
01/01/2007
30/06/2010
anpe.boc@anpe.nat.tn
Noura LAROUSSI
Yes
pollutant analysis clean CROWATER technology waste water treatment water monitoring municipal waste
Stenghtening of public-private partnership in LIFE-TCY order to improve wastewater management in Croatia
LIFE05 TCY/CRO/000108
01/02/2006
01/02/2009
ssirac@voda.hr
Sinia IRAC
Yes
risk assessment DESTINATIONS Development of Strategies for Sustainable environmental impact of Tourism Investments in the Mediterranean tourism coastal area Nations environmental management environmental impact of Ecodiptera agriculture, manure
LIFE-TCY
LIFE06 TCY/INT/000250
01/02/2007
01/12/2009
zeljka.skaricic@ppa.htnet.hr Ivica Trumbic
Yes
Implementation of a management model for LIFE-ENV the ecologically sustainable treatment of pig manure in the Region of Los Serranos, Valencia-Spain
LIFE05 ENV/E/000302
01/12/2005
30/11/2008
emilio.sanchis@dva.gva.es Emilio SANCHIS MOLL
http://www.ecodiptera.info/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=289 7
Yes
energy saving emission ECOTEC-STC reduction coating marine environment environmental impact of transport shipbuilding
Demonstration of a 100% non-toxic hull LIFE-ENV protection and anti-fouling system contribution to zero emissions to the aquatic environment and saving 3-8 % heavy fuels
LIFE06 ENV/B/000362
01/06/2006
01/12/2009
life@hydrex.be
Kristof ADAM
http://www.hydrex.be/life_in http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 dex.htm project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=308 7
Maybe
urban area, social Elefsina 2020 participation, contaminated area, EC regulation on ecomanagement and audit, harbour, restoration measure protected area, rural EnviFriendly area, mountainous area, coastal area, agricultural pollution, diffuse pollution urban area, harbour, water treatment, rain water, pollutant elimination ESTRUS
Collaborative Environmental Regeneration of Port-Cities: Elefsina Bay 2020
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/GR/000242
01/10/2005
30/09/2009
grammatiads@olesa.gr
Panagiotis MANAKOS
http://www.life-ole.gr/
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=283 6
Yes
Environmental Friendly Technologies for Rural Development
LIFE-ENV
01/12/2005
31/05/2009
grafeio.symvoulou@lakonia. Dimitros LIAKAKOS gr
http://www.envifriendly.tuc. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 gr project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=283 5 http://www.estrus.it/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=288 5 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=307 0
Yes
ENhanced and SUstainable TReatment for URban Stormwater
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2005
30/09/2008
vsivero@comune.genova.it Vittoria SIVERO
Maybe
waste reduction, environmental management, animal husbandry, rural area, agricultural waste
ES-WAMAR
Environmentally-friendly management of swime waste based on innovative thechnology: a demonstration project set in Aragn (Spain)
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/E/000044
01/10/2006
31/03/2011
adauden@sodemasa.com
Arturo DAUDN IBAEZ
http://www.lifeeswamar.eu/
Yes Yes
agricultural method FERTIGREEN fertiliser pollution control irrigation risk management water FLAFLOM resources management flood rain water Flood public awareness FLOODSCAN campaign modelling remote sensing risk management industrial waste water, pollutant elimination FORMOSE
Sustainable management of water reducing LIFE-ENV environmental impact using new fertirrigation methods Flash Floods in Egypt :protection and LIFE-TCY management LArge scale adjustment of new technology for fast, precise and cost-efficient hydraulic 2d-modelling of flood (hazard) areas by combining laser scanning with remote sensing data The demonstration of the environmental benefits of a new chemical process (Formose), capable of 100% reduction of formaldehyde from industrial effluent waste streams Excellence in irrigation water management LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/E/000289 LIFE06 TCY/ET/000232
01/08/2005 01/01/2007
01/08/2008 31/12/2009
nchavrier@citagro.es wrri@wrri.org.eg
Nathalie CHAVRIER Sameh SAKR
Yes
LIFE06 ENV/D/000461
01/07/2006
31/12/2009
dieter.rieger@lfu.bayern.de Dieter RIEGER
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti hd P & j id 289 http://www.flaflom.org/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 14/04/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=316 http://www.wzw.tum.de/floo 9 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 14/04/2011 dscan/index.php project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=308 0 http://www.formose.co.uk/P http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 ages/VisitProject.aspx project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=283 2 http://www.lifegea.org/index_en.html http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 14/04/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=289 http://www.lifehebron.com/ 1 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=296 4 http://www.ibisslife.com.eg/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=316 8 http://www.life.pp-lonjsko-pohttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=296 2 http://wwwa.vito.be/insimep http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 / project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=285 7
http://www.fertigreen.net/
Yes
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/UK/000126
17/01/2005
31/03/2007
saburg@solutia.com
Stephen Burge
Yes
decision making support, gEa water saving, irrigation, information system pollution control quarry HAGAR industrial waste publicprivate partnership technology transfer industrial waste water water quality improvement IBISS
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/E/000313
01/09/2005
28/02/2007
afernandezde@soluziona.co Daniel CAMIRUAGA m tawfiq.arafeh@lifehebron.co Tawfik ARAFEH m
Yes
Environmental action for the sustainability of LIFE-TCY natural resources through recycling of water and sludge frm marble production
LIFE05 TCY/GA/000115
09/01/2006
30/07/2008
Yes
Italian-Egyptian Capacity Building in the Integrated Water Supply and Sanitation
LIFE-TCY
LIFE06 TCY/ET/000226
01/01/2007
31/12/2008
malfy@hcww.com.eg
Eng. Mamdouh RASLAN
Yes
management plan river IBM management river landscape protection heavy metal, industrial INSIMEP pollution, groundwater, metal products industry, decontamination
Central Posavina - Wading toward Integrated Basin Management
LIFE-TCY
LIFE05 TCY/CRO/000111
09/01/2005
31/08/2008
manager@pp-lonjsko-polje.h Goran GUGI
Yes
In Situ Metal Precipitation for remediation of LIFE-ENV groundwater contaminated with non ferrous metals
LIFE05 ENV/B/000517
19/09/2005
18/06/2009
koen.gommers@umicore.co Koen m GOMMERS
Yes
pollutant monitoring ISONITRATE environmental impact of agriculture river management waste water treatment IWPM
Improved management of nitrate pollution in LIFE-ENV water using isotopic monitoring
LIFE06 ENV/F/000158
01/11/2006
31/01/2010
d.widory@brgm.fr
David WIDORY
http://isonitrate.brgm.fr/
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=310 7 20/09/2011
Yes
Integrated Wastewater Purification Management
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/D/000478
01/10/2006
31/10/2011
wv-wittlage@uhv70.de
Helmut WILKER
Yes
waste water treatment Kolisoon water monitoring water quality waste recycling sewage LOTECOTEC sludge residual waste
A new automated method for the analysis of LIFE-ENV Escherichia coli in wastewater effluent
01/12/2006
30/09/2009
f.santori@isrim.it
Francesca SANTORI
Yes
Efficient recycling and disposal of sewage sludge with innovative thermo-catalytic low temperature conversion technique Risk based reduction of microbial pollution discharge to coastal waters
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/D/000458
01/11/2006
30/04/2010
joachim.stodolka@azvpfattertal.de
Joachim STODOLKA
Yes
water quality MARECLEAN improvement waste water treatment coastal area bathing water sewage sludge organic MOROCOMP waste compost sludge treatment
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/F/000136
01/10/2006
30/12/2009
clement.nalin@villegranville.fr
Clment NALIN
http://www.eu-life-iwpm.de/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=307 3 http://www.lifekolisoon.it http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=308 2 http://www.lotecotec.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=307 7 http://www.smbcghttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ mareclean.eu project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=310 4
21/09/2011
21/09/2011
23/03/2011
Yes
Design and Application of an Innovative LIFE-TCY Composting Unit for the Effective Treatment of Sludge and other Biodegradable Organic Waste in Morocco Demonstration Plant in the Kinzig River: Moveable Hydroelectric Power Plant for Ecological River Improvements and Fish Migration Reestablishment Managed Realignment Moving Towards Water Framework Objectives LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 TCY/MA/000141
01/02/2006
01/08/2008
assobhei1@yahoo.fr; assobhei@ucd.ac.ma
Mohamed KOUAM
http://www.uest.gr/Moroco http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 mp/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=297 0 http://www.moveablehepp.com/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=307 5
Yes
river biodiversity Moveable HEPP energy supply environmental impact of energy renewable energy Flood protection monitoring nature conservation Alternative technology pollution prevention landfill leachate groundwater MR Mo ToWFO
LIFE06 ENV/D/000485
01/10/2006
30/06/2011
schmid.georg@e-werkmittelbaden.de
Georg SCHMID
Yes
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2006
31/12/2009
WinnP.Willerby1.NE@envir Philip Winn onment-agency.gov.uk
Yes
MULTIBARDEM Demonstration of a MULTIBARRIER as a sustainable approach for the prevention of groundwater contamination by leaking landfills and multipollutant contaminated sites : a cheap alternative to landfill reinstallation and/or leachate treatment Wastewater treatment and reuse for irrigation: demonstration, management and administrative capacity building for sustainable water use and environmental protection Remediation of agricultural diffuse nitrate polluted waters though the implementation of a permeable reactive barrier
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/B/000359
01/11/2006
30/08/2010
Leen.bastiaens@vito.be
Leen BASTIAENS
http://www.environmenthttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 17/05/2011 agency.gov.uk/homeandlei project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti sure/floods/123710.aspx on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=306 8 http://www.multibarrier.vito. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 be/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=308 6
Yes
environmental law clean NAORA technology water reuse
LIFE-TCY
LIFE06 TCY/MA/000256
02/01/2007
31/12/2010
nejmeddine@ucam.ac.ma
Ahmed NEJMEDDINE
NONE
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=317 4 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=283 8
Yes
research project, agricultural pollution, diffuse pollution, water quality improvement, restoration measure agricultural pollution, water pollution, river management industrial waste, waste reduction, edible fat, waste oil"
NITRABAR
LIFE-ENV
01/12/2005
31/09/2009
simon.jackman@earth.ox.ac Simon JACKMAN .uk
Non active
Yes
Odense PRB AgriPoM
Odense Pilot River Basin - Agricultural Programme of Measures
LIFE-ENV
15/01/2005
30/06/2007
habma@ode.mim.dk
Harley Bundgaard Madsen Jos Ramn PERN GONZLEZ C. Isabella TINDALL
Yes
OLIVEWASTE
Processing plant for the integral treatment and valorisation of the wasted generated during the olive oil production process Bringing the OpenMI-Life
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/E/000292
30/11/2005
30/03/2009
josper@cartif.es
Yes
water resources OpenMI-LIFE management integrated management modelling
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2006
31/01/2010
cit@ceh.ac.uk
http://www.odenseprb.fyns- http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 amt.dk/wm125969 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=282 0 http://lifehttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 olivewaste.cartif.com/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=290 0 http://www.openmi-life.org/; http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 15/03/2011 http://public.deltares.nl/disp project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti lay/OPENMI/Home; on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=305 http://www.openmi.org/relo 8 aded/
Yes
waste water treatment
PERBIOF
A new technology for treating municipal and/or industrial wastewater with low environmental impact Preservation of Thermal Water Resources and Sustainable Exploitation for Therapeutic Tourism
LIFE-ENV
15/11/2005
14/11/2008
claudio.diiaconi@ba.irsa.cnr Claudio DI IACONI .it
http://www.perbiofeurope.com/
Maybe
touristic zone
PRE-THERM
LIFE-TCY
LIFE06 TCY/TR/000284
01/01/2007
30/06/2009
karahayit@superonline.com Ibrahim Vural
Yes
waste water treatment, waste reduction, industrial waste water
PROMOTHE MBR
Process water recycling with a thermophile LIFE-ENV membrane bio reactor installation for treatement of hightemperature waste water, containing recalcitrant cod -varying in load, concentration and composition-with almost zero waste (sludge) production.
18/01/2005
31/05/2008
macgregor.alastair.gb@norit Alastair MACGREGOR .com
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=287 8 http://www.karahayit.bel.tr/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 20/09/2011 haberler.asp project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=318 1 http://www.mbrhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/09/2011 glasgow.com/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=282 9
Yes
clean technology, plastic PVClean
Optimising process Water Handling in SPVC Production - PVClean
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/D/000470
01/12/2005
31/12/2008
joerg.hessberg@vinnolit.co Jrg HESSBERG m
Yes
river, environmental QUERCUS awareness, quality of life, restoration measure, urban development, integrated management, green space
Maintaining quality urban environments for river corridors users and stakeholders
LIFE-ENV
01/04/2005
30/03/2009
paul.chapman@lewisham.g Paul CHAPMAN ov.uk
http://www.vinnolit.de/vinno http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/09/2011 lit.nsf/id/DE_LIFE_III__PVC project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti lean on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=308 5 http://www.quercushttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 project.eu/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=297 8
Yes
leather industry, industrial waste water, pollutant elimination landscape protection nature conservation
RIWAC
Project for recovery and reuse of industrial LIFE-ENV waters and trivalent chromium generated by tannery waste processing Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains LIFE-TCY
01/10/2005
30/09/2008
neresini@sicit2000.it
Massimo Neresini
Yes
SAVA RIVER BASIN
LIFE06 TCY/INT/000246
01/01/2007
31/12/2009
tamas.marghescu@iucn.org Tamas MARGHESCU
Yes
use of waste as energy source waste water treatment sewage sludge
SLUDGE2ENER Waste prevention through sewage sludge GY reuse for efficient energy generation at waste water treatment sites SMAS Capacity building for an early assessment system of drought in three countries of the south shore of the Mediterranean sea: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia Upgrading of wastewater treatment plants with ultrasound treatment for reducing the production of sludge
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/D/000460
01/10/2006
30/09/2011
fyr@huber.de
Robert FREYGANG
Maybe
n.a
LIFE-TCY
LIFE05 TCY/TN/000150
01/03/2006
30/09/2009
Mourad.briki@oss.org.tn
Mourad BRIKI
http://www.sicit2000.it/life0 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 5/en/index.htm project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=285 3 http://www.savariver.com/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=317 0 http://www.sludge2energy. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ eu/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=307 9 http://prog.oss.org.tn/smas/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=297 2 http://extranet.groupeirhen http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ vironnement.com/soundslu project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti dge/ on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=285 4 http://projektit.ramboll.fi/life/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ stable/index.asp project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=310 2 http://www.korkovizig.hu/lif http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ e/en-index.php?nyelv=en project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=286 1 http://www.galilhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ elion.org.il/info/machlakot/t project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti ashtiyot/sviva/life/welcome. on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=296 htm 6 http://www.toppslife.org/web/page.asp
21/09/2011
15/03/2011
21/09/2011
20/09/2011
Yes
waste water treatment, SOUND waste reduction, sewage SLUDGE sludge
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/F/000067
01/10/2005
31/12/2008
sandrine.boiron@angersloir Sandrine BOIRON emetropole.fr
21/09/2011
Maybe
Pollution prevention harbour hazardous substance
STABLE
Controlled Treatment of TBT-Contaminated LIFE-ENV Dredged Sediments for the Beneficial Use in Infrastructure Applications Case: Aurajoki - Turku Sustainable management and treatment of arsenic bearing groundwater in Southern Hungary The Sources of the Jordan River, Humans and Nature LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/FIN/000195
01/04/2006
31/03/2009
Jarmo.Yletyinen@terramare Jarmo YLETYINEN .fi
21/09/2011
Yes
decision making support, SUMANAS water quality improvement, groundwater management plan ecotourism river drinking water social participation nature conservation SUSTAINABLE JORDAN R
LIFE05 ENV/H/000418
15/11/2005
14/11/2008
reti.laszlo@korkovizig.hu
Laszlo RTI
23/03/2011
Yes
LIFE-TCY
LIFE05 TCY/IL/000130
01/11/2005
01/11/2008
moshes@galil-elion.org.il
Moshe Shalit
15/03/2011
Yes
agroindustry, TOPPS environmental training, industrial pollution, water pollution
Train the operators to prevent pollution from LIFE-ENV point sources
LIFE05 ENV/B/000510
01/11/2005
31/10/2008
Stuart.rutherford@ecpa.eu
Stuart RUTHERFORD
Yes
international river basin water resources management environmental training local authority water treatment urban area rain water pollutant elimination
TRANSBOUNDARY WATER/PROAQUIFER
Protecting trans-boundary groundwater sources from pollution: research, training and guidelines for Israeli and Palestinian municipalities
LIFE-TCY
LIFE06 TCY/IL/000240
01/01/2007
01/01/2009
gidon@foeme.org
Gidon BROMBERG
Not active
Yes
TREASURE
Treatment and re-use of urban stormwater runoff by innovative technologies for removal of pollutants Vegetable oil initiative for a cleaner environment
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2006
01/10/2009
kel@silkeborg.dk
Kenn LANGE
Maybe
vegetable oil environmental awareness emission reduction rural area biofuel
VOICE
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2006
31/12/2009
d.chiaramonti@ing.unifi.it
David CHIARAMONTI
Yes
agricultural pollution, WAgriCo social participation, water resources management, diffuse pollution
Water Resources Management in Cooperation with Argriculture. Compilation and Implementation of Integrative Programmes of Measures According to the WFD to Reduce Diffuse Pollution from Agriculture
LIFE-ENV
LIFE05 ENV/D/000182
01/10/2005
30/09/2008
astrid.krueger@nlwkndir.niedersachsen.de
Astrid KRGER
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 18/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=310 3 http://crear.bluefactor.it/ind http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/09/2011 ex.php?module=CMpro&fu project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti nc=viewpage&pageid=14& on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=306 expsubid=2; 3 http://crear.unifi.it/imes/foru m/index.php?c=11 (1) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 23/03/2011 http://www.nlwkn.niedersac project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti hsen.de/live/live.php?navig on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=288 ation_id=8247&article_id=4 2 5185&_psmand=26; (2) http://www.wagrico.org/site /WAgriCo/wagricoorguk/co ntent/home http://www.rijnland.net/wet- http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 24/02/2011 project project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=309 0 http://www.zemships.eu/en http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/09/2011 /index.php project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=308 1 http://www.zeroplus.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/ 21/09/2011 project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseacti on=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=287 4
http://www.lifetreasure.com
Yes
water quality improvement waste water treatment municipal waste
WET
Wastewater & Effluent Treatmen
LIFE-ENV
01/12/2005
30/06/2009
jeffrey.elzen@rijnland.net
Jeffrey DEN ELZEN
Maybe
atmospheric pollution emission reduction energy supply navigation
ZEM/SHIPS
Zero.Emission.Ships
LIFE-ENV
LIFE06 ENV/D/000465
01/11/2006
30/04/2010
Anke.Stolper@bsu.hamburg Anke STOLPER .de
Yes
industrial waste, waste ZERO PLUS treatment, coating, metal products industry
Integral liquid residuals management model LIFE-ENV for surface tratment industries through
LIFE05 ENV/E/000256
01/12/2005
31/07/2009
otri@aimme.es
Manuel Snchez De La Asuncin
Of interest?
General project information
Website
Project YES Maybe

Maybe
acronym Keywords marine ecosystem Waste 3R-FISH management industrial waste solid waste harbour
water shortage agricultural method water saving Adapt2Change
Project title
Integral management model of recovery and recycling of the proper solid waste from the fishing and port activities Adapt agricultural production to climate change and limited water supply
Funding contract code

LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/E/000814
start date
01/01/2009
e-mail coordinator name coordinator 01/01/2012 jtaboada@cetmar.org Julio Taboada Prez
end date
Data Info Website entered LIFE database website collected http://www.3rfish.org http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3287 http://www.adapt2cha http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 nge.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3674 http://www.lifeaguas. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/03/2011 es/en/proyecto-aguas ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3649 http://aqua.crpa.it/nqc http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ontent.cfm?a_id=959 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear 9&tt=t_law_market_w ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3645 ww http://www.lifeaqua.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3753 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3289
Yes
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 01/09/2010 ENV/GR/000296
31/08/2014 papachad@teilar.gr
Dr Alex Papachatzis
Yes
water resources management AG_UAS monitoring system remote sensing Diffuse pollution, animal husbandry environmental impact of agriculture river water quality improvement groundwater AQUA
Sustainable water management at LIFE-ENV LIFE09 regional scale through Airborne ENV/ES/000456 Remote Sensing based on Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Achieving good water QUality status in intensive Animal production areas LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/IT/000208
01/10/2010
30/09/2013 tvitoria@ain.es
Teofilo VITORIA
Yes
01/10/2010
31/03/2014 m.ligabue@crpa.it
Marco LIGABUE
Yes
water resources management AQUA water saving public-private partnership agroindustry river integrated management AQUA-PLANN PROJECT
Adoption of Quality water Use in Agro- LIFE-ENV LIFE09 industry sector ENV/IT/000075
01/01/2011
30/06/2013 dferri@arpa.emr.it
Donatella FERRI
Yes
Gestion Integrada de los Recursos Hidricos y su Aplicacion en el Planeamiento Local del L.I.C. Abegondo - CECEBRE
01/01/2009
30/06/2012 carlosameijenda@g
Carlos AMEIJENDA
mail.com
http://www.aquaplann.eu
Yes
river waste water treatment urban area rain water
AQUAVAL
LIFE-ENV LIFE08 Sustainable Urban Water ENV/E/000099 Management Plans, promoting SUDS and considering Climate Change, in the Province of Valencia
01/01/2010
30/06/2013 vicesecretario@ayto- Eduardo BALAGUER
xativa.es
PALLS
http://www.aquavalpr http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 oject.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3448
Yes
Yes
Diffuse pollution, restoration BACad measure volatile organic compound metal products industry industrial pollution contaminated area waste water treatment marine BaltActHaz pollution industrial waste water
Using full scale bioaugmentation for cost-efficient remediation of a large CAH groundwater contamination
LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/B/000022
01/01/2009
31/12/2013 Chris.Block@punchg Chris BLOCK
raphix.com
Baltic actions for reduction of pollution LIFE-ENV LIFE07 of the Baltic Sea from priority ENV/EE/000122 hazardous substances
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 kitty.kislenko@bef.ee Kitty Kislenko
http://www.bioaugme ntatie.be/web/bioaug mentatietpl1.asp?cus tomer=17&ut=L&hma http://www.baltacthaz .bef.ee/
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 13/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3302 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 13/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3285
Yes
clean technology waste water BIOCELL treatment biofuel
Energy self-sustaining and environmental footprint reduction on wastewater treatment plants via fuel cells
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 rmpieras@cetaqua.c Rosa Maria PIERAS
om
http://www.lifebiocell.eu
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 13/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3279
Maybe
urban area waste use public- BIOFUELS-2G private partnership waste oil biofuel sport facility Waste BOATCYCLE management environmentally friendly product navigation life-cycle management river soil degradation risk management CATERMASS
Demonstration of a Sustainable & Effective 2nd Generation Biofuels Application in an Urban Environment Management, recycling and recovery of wastes of recreational boat scrapping
31/12/2012 paris@cperi.certh.gr
Spyros VOUTETAKIS
http://www.biofuels2g http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 .gr/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3465 http://www.lifeboatcycle.com/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3455
Maybe
01/01/2010
01/07/2012 cavolio@leitat.org
Ciro AVOLIO
Yes
Climate Change Adaptation Tools for LIFE-ENV LIFE08 Environmental Risk Mitigation of Acid ENV/FIN/00060 Sulphate Soils 9
01/01/2010
31/12/2013
Kari-Matti VUORI Fax: +358 20 4902985
http://www.catermass http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 .fi/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3474
Yes
river decision making support CLEANWATER monitoring system pollution control Coastal area, contamined soil COAST-BEST integrated management harbour hazardous substance
Integrated system for protect and LIFE-ENV LIFE09 15/10/2010 analyse the status and trends of water ENV/RO/000612 threatened by nitrogen pollution CO-ordinated Approach for Sediment LIFE-ENV LIFE08 Treatment and BEneficial reuse in ENV/IT/000426 Small harbours neTworks 01/01/2010
01/03/2014 cris.trifu@hidro.ro;
Maria Cristina TRIFU
cristrifu@yahoo.com
http://www.lifecleanw http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ater.ro/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3639 http://www.coastbest.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3434
Yes
31/12/2012 alessandra.polettini@ Alessandra Polettini
uniroma1.it
Yes
Maybe
Waste management environmental awareness urban area municipal waste i t ll alternative technology agricultural waste slaughterhouse fertiliser waste use
COR
Campaa Objetivo Residuos (Waste Objective Campaign) Bio-treatement of cow wastes to produce bio-stimulants for plants
LIFE-INF
LIFE08 INF/E/000187
01/01/2010
31/12/2012 agbatlle@amb.cat
Anna GONZALEZ BATLLE
Cowtoplant
20/01/2009
20/01/2012 mecarrion@zurkores Maria ENGRACIA
earch.com
CARRIN
http://www.emacorlife .cat/es/proyecto-lifecor/life-.html http://www.cowtoplan t.eu/
Yes
Maybe
pollutant elimination restoration measure agricultural method environmental impact of agriculture water quality waste use building material sewage sludge waste water treatment modelling rural area
CREAMAgua
Creation and restoration of aquatic LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ecosystems for improvement of water ENV/ES/000431 quality and biodiversity in agricultural basins Manufacturing Sand-Limestone Bricks, Recycling Energy and Organics from Sewage Sludge Eco-sustainable managmenet of water and wastewater in rural communities LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/D/000029 LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/IT/000390
01/01/2011
31/12/2014 fr.gallego@monegros Francisca GALLEGO
.net
OLIVA
http://www.creamagu http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 a.com/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3661 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3447 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3402
EcoBrick
01/01/2010
30/06/2013 mail@uni-wh-utm.de Karl-Ulrich
RUDOLPH
01/03/2010 28/02/2013 sindaco.vareseligure Michela MARCONE
NONE FOUND www.ecomawaru.it
Yes
ECOMAWARU
@liguriainrete.it
Maybe
agricultural waste fertiliser ECOREGA use of waste as energy source emission reduction organic waste greenhouse gas Marine ecosystem ECOSMA environmental awareness food production certification coastal management river urban area EH-REK environmental training management plan water resources management diffuse pollution recreational EKOROB area restoration measure environmental impact of agriculture eutrophication monitoring river water quality water shortage river water quality improvement groundwater ENSAT
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 Green (environmentally friendly) ENV/ES/000459 management of cattle farm waste and its repercussion on the GHG emissions Ecological Certification of Products LIFE-ENV LIFE07 from Sustainable Marine Aquaculture ENV/D/000229
01/01/2011
31/12/2012 dtor.tecnico@unions
Paula CONTE
agrarias.org
http://life.unionsagrari http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 as.org/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3691 http://www.ecosma.d http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 e ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3299 http://www.arturowek. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 pl/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3497#AD http://www.ekorob.pl/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3496 www.life-ensat.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3429
Yes
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 stefan.rehm@crm-
Stefan REHM
online.de
01/01/2010 31/12/2014 mzal@biol.uni.lodz.pl Prof. dr hab. Maciej
Yes
Yes
Ecohydrologic rehabilitation of recreational reservoirs "Arturwek" in d as a model approach to rehabilitation of urban reservoirs ECOtones for Reducing Diffusion Pollution
LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517
Zalewski
01/01/2010 31/12/2014 ekorob@rzgw.warsza Wojciech FRATCZAK
LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/PL/000519
wa.pl
Yes
Yes
marine ecosystem integrated EnvEurope management monitoring system water monitoring nature conservation information network Fishing industry, integrated FAROS management waste recycling survey Maybe fishing industry marine FISH SCALE ecosystem biodiversity consumption pattern environmental training nature conservation eutrophication river GISBLOOM modelling monitoring system management plan
Enhancement of Soil Aquifer LIFE-ENV LIFE08 Treatment to Improve the Quality of ENV/E/000117 Recharge Water in the Llobregat River Delta Aquifer Environmental quality and pressures LIFE-ENV LIFE08 assessment across Europe: the LTER ENV/IT/000399 network as an integrated and shared system for ecosystem monitoring Integral networking of fishing actors to LIFE-ENV LIFE08 organize a responsible optimal and ENV/E/000119 sustainable exploitation of marine resources Food Information and Safeguard of LIFE-INF LIFE09 Habitat a Sustainable Consumption INF/IT/000076 Approach in Local Environment
01/01/2010
31/12/2011 info@cetaqua.com
CETaqua, Technology Center Alessandra PUGNETTI
01/01/2010
31/12/2013 alessandra.pugnetti
@ismar.cnr.it
http://www.enveurop http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 e.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3445
Yes
15/01/2010
14/01/2013 antonio@iim.csic.es
Antonio LVAREZ ALONSO
http://www.farosproje http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ct.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3431 www.fishscale.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3880
01/10/2010
30/09/2013 bvalettini@acquariodi Bruna VALETTINI
genova.it
Yes
Yes
Participatory monitoring, forecasting, LIFE-ENV LIFE09 control and socio-economic impacts of ENV/FI/000569 eutrophication and algal blooms in river basins districts clean technology water saving GREEN TESTING Make your Non Destructive Testing LIFE-ENV LIFE09 energy saving industrial greener by new eco-friendly practices ENV/FR/000600 process and technologies
01/10/2010
30/09/2013 olli.malve@ymparisto Senior Research
.fi
01/01/2011 31/12/2013 ixtrem@wanadoo.fr
Scientist Olli Malve Eric CRESCENZO
www.environment.fi/s http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 yke/gisbloom ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3719 NONE FOUND http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3724
Yes
Flood protection, urban area modelling rain water
GreenClimeAdapt
Green tools for urban climate adaptation
LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/S/000908
01/01/2009
31/12/2013 sam.ekstrand@ivl.se Sam Ekstrand
http://www.malmo.se/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 greenclimeadapt ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3263 http://www.lifegreenlysis.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear hd P & j id 3416 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear NONE FOUND ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3413 http://www.hydrosens http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 e.org/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear http://www.lifeplusmo http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ustique.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3424 http://www.lifeincome.si/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3267 http://www.infoil.tuc.g http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 r ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3510 www.life-inhabit.it http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3415
Yes Yes
Yes
Hydrogen and oxygen production via LIFE-ENV LIFE08 electrolysis powered by renewable ENV/E/000118 energies to reduce environmental Flood protection, water HydroClimateStrat Integrated Strategy for Riga City to LIFE-ENV LIFE08 resources management urban egyRiga Adapt to the Hydrological Processes ENV/LV/000451 planning modelling risk Intensified by Climate Change t Ph water shortage agricultural HydroSense Innovative precision technologies for LIFE-ENV LIFE08 optimised irrigation and integrated ENV/GR/000570 method remote sensing water t t or i vector t li it d LIFE-ENV LIFE08 IMCM Control of noxious Maybe pest control public health ENV/F/000488 mosquitoes: implementation of integrated management integrated management consistent coastal area monitoring with sustainable development system decontamination water pollution water quality improvement monitoring system drinking water vegetable oil consumption pattern edible fat INCOME
waste water treatment energy GREENLYSIS saving
01/01/2010 01/02/2010
31/12/2012 elarrotcha@agbar.es Enric LARROTCHA 30/11/2012 renars.grinbergs@rig Renrs GRINBERGS
a.lv
01/01/2010 01/01/2010 31/12/2012 stam@gnhm.gr 30/06/2013 clagneau@eid-
med.org
Stamatis STAMATIADIS Christophe LAGNEAU
Yes
Maybe
INFOIL
Improved management of LIFE-ENV LIFE07 01/01/2009 contaminated aquifers by integration ENV/SLO/00072 of source tracking, monitoring tools 5 and decision strategies Promoting sustainable production and LIFE-INF LIFE08 01/01/2010 consumption patterns: the example of INF/GR/000581 olive oil Local hydro-morphology, habitat and LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/04/2010 RBMPs: new measures to improve ENV/IT/000413 ecological quality in South European rivers and lakes Demonstration of an integrated waste- LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/01/2010 to-energy system for energy ENV/CY/000457 generation from biodegradable organic waste and wastewater Increased total efficiency in sewage LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/01/2010 treatment ENV/S/000272 Recultivation of Jelonek and Winiary lakes in Gniezno by inactivation of phosphorus in bottom sediments LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/PL/000605 01/02/2009
30/06/2012 bjamnik@vo-ka.si
Brigita JAMNIK
31/12/2012 gpap@dpem.tuc.gr
Georgios PAPADAKIS
Yes
river water monitoring management plan water resources management
INHABIT
31/03/2013 buffagni@irsa.cnr.it;
Andrea BUFFAGNI
andreabuf@tiscali.it
30/09/2012 ioannis.papadopoulo Dr. Ioannis
Yes
Yes
use of waste as energy source INTER-WASTE waste water treatment municipal waste organic waste sewage sludge sewage treatment system ITEST
s@cut.ac.cy
Papadopoulos
http://www.interwaste http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 .org/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3480 NONE FOUND http://gniezno.eu/stro na32wqf435ge/index. php?option=com_con http://www.lifetollos.o rg/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n proj id=3470 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3260 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3684
31/12/2012 Eva.hjalmered@oska Eva Hjlmered
rshamn.se
30/11/2010 piotrwisniewski@gnie Piotr WINIEWSKI
Yes
restoration measure water shortage eutrophication
Lake recult. in Gniezno
zno.eu
20/09/2010 31/12/2014 felipe.oliveros@junta Esperanza PEREA
Yes
mine abandoned industrial LOS TOLLOS site restoration measure soil degradation site rehabilitation wetland contamined soil LVM-BIOcells decontamination groundwater hazardous substance water resources management M3
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 Project for the comprehensive ENV/ES/000472 restoration of the endorheic basin of Los Tollos (El Cuervo and Jerez de la Frontera, Sevilla and Cadiz respectively). Using hydrogeobiocells (HGBcells) for LIFE-ENV LIFE08 the in-situ biological treatment of CAH ENV/B/000046 contaminated groundwater in areas Application of integrative modelling LIFE-ENV LIFE07 and monitoring approaches for river ENV/L/000540 basin management evaluation Management plan to prevent threats from point sources on the good chemical status of groundwater in Mare Purum - Prevention of Marine Fouling on Commercial Shipping and Leisure Boats with a Non Toxic Method LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/D/000021 LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/SE/000351
deandalucia.es
ACOSTA
Yes
01/01/2010
31/12/2014 jules.houtmeyers@te Jules HOUTMEYERS
ssenderlo.com
01/01/2009 31/12/2012 tom.galle@tudor.lu
http://www.lvmbiocells.be/ www.life-m3.eu
Yes
Tom GALL
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 15/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n proj id=3407 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3304
Yes
Diffuse pollution, management MAGPlan plan urban area environmental assessment heavy metal marine pollution Mare Purum pollutant elimination
01/01/2010
31/12/2014 Hermann.Josef.Kirch Hermann Josef
holtes@stuttgart.de
01/09/2010
KIRCHHOLTES
Yes
28/02/2014 gunilla@ekomarine.s Gunilla STBERG
http://www.sauberes- http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 grundwasserect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear stuttgart.de/projekt.ht ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3423 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3711 NONE FOUND
Maybe
greenhouse gas maritime transport environmental assessment agricultural waste water treatment municipal waste organic waste river urban area
MARITIMECO2
Impact assessment for the adoption of LIFE-ENV LIFE08 20/01/2010 CO2 emission trading for maritime ENV/CY/000461 transport
20/07/2012 sserghiou@dms.mcw Sergios SERGHIOU
.gov.cy
31/12/2013 juanb.lobera@carm.e Juan Bautista
Yes
Yes
METABIORESOR Integrated Pilot Plant for complete LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/01/2010 energy recovery of different municipal ENV/E/000113 and livestock waste materials and byproducts 01/11/2010 MY FAVOURITE Sustainable use of and identification LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/DE/000011 RIVER with the River Neckar in co-operative governance (national, municipal and regional level) New Organic Waste Sustainable Treatment Engine: Implementation and Promotion of a System for the LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/IT/000070 01/09/2010
LOBERA LSSEL
http://www.maritimec http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 o2.com/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3482 http://www.metabiore http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 sor.eu/procesoect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear metabioresor.php ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3459 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3768 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3748
31/12/2014 Walter.braun@wsv.b Walter BRAUN
und.de NONE FOUND

31/12/2013 giuseppe.lobianco@ir Giuseppe LO
Yes
water treatment domestic N.O.WA.S.T.E waste organic waste compost
www.lifenowaste.it
ssat.it
BIANCO
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
pest control contamined soil NorthPestClean pollutant elimination groundwater hazardous substance alternative technology flood Olico+ protection vegetable oil Waste management environmental awareness industrial waste fertiliser waste recycling P.R.I.M.E. coastal area decision making support water PALM saving environmental performance water supply waste water treatment waste PHARMAFILTER treatment hospital waste organic waste hazardous marine ecosystem biodiversity PISCES water shortage energy saving POWER water resources management irrigation Maybe vegetable oil soil degradation PROSODOL industrial waste edible fat pollution prevention environmental impact assessment waste water treatment water PURE reuse environmental performance management plan Maybe waste reduction waste oil navigation shipbuilding Pure Energy Separator
Demonstration of alkaline hydrolysis as a new technology for remediation of pesticide contaminated soil and groundwater European awareness raising campaign for an environmentally sustainable olive mill waste management Posidonia Residues Integrated Management for Eco-sustainability Pump And Leakage Management
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 01/09/2010 ENV/DK/000368 LIFE-INF LIFE07 INF/IT/000438 01/01/2009
31/12/2013 Morten.bondgaard@r Morten
u.rm.dk
31/12/2011 f.santori@isrim.it
BONDGAARD Francesca SANTORI
http://www.northpestc http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 lean.dk/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3701 http://www.lifeoleicopl http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 us.it/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3320 http://www.lifeprime.e http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 u/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch dspPage&n proj id=3694 http://www.leakagem http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 anagement.eu ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3738 http://www.pharmafilt http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 er.nl ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear http://projectpisces.e http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 u/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear hd P & j id 3281 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear NONE FOUND ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3428 http://www.prosodol.g http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 r/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3297
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/IT/000061 LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/IT/000136
01/09/2010 01/09/2010
01/09/2013 di.susca@tin.it 31/08/2013 alessandro.bettin@s
Donato SUSCA Alessandro BETTIN
gi-spa.it
01/01/2009 30/06/2011 E.berg@pharmafilter. Eduardo van den
Yes Maybe Yes
An innovative waste and waste water LIFE-ENV LIFE07 management concept for hospitals ENV/NL/000576
nl
30/06/2012 jmiller@wwf.org.uk
Berg Janet Miller
Partnerships Involving Stakeholders in LIFE-ENV LIFE07 01/07/2009 the Celtic sea Eco-System ENV/UK/000943 Project for Optimisation of Water and Emissions Reduction LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/E/000114 01/01/2010
31/12/2012 nzubalez@svalero.es Nieves Zubalez
Stategies to improve and protect soil LIFE-ENV LIFE07 01/01/2009 quality from the disposal of olive mills' ENV/GR/000280 wastes in the Mediterranean region
31/12/2012 mdoula@otenet.gr;
Maria DOULA
maria.doula@yahoo. com; ssia@otenet.gr
Yes
From Treated Wastewater to LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/01/2010 Alternative Water Resources in SemiENV/GR/000551 Arid Regions Innovative Centrifugal Separator LIFE-ENV LIFE09 Technology for Energy Recovery and ENV/SE/000352 Oily Waste Volume Reduction 01/09/2010
30/06/2013 deyahers@otenet.gr
Dimitris YIAKOUMAKIS
http://www.purehersonissos.gr/
30/06/2013 tomas.oldeback@alfa Tomas OLDEBCK
laval.com NONE FOUND
Yes
Yes
waste water treatment textile PURIFAST industry industrial waste water alternative technology comparison waste water treatment urban PYROBIO area organic waste sewage sludge Maybe waste treatment maritime transport hazardous waste shipbuilding Recyship
Advanced Purification Of Industrial LIFE-ENV LIFE07 And Mixed Wastewater By Combined ENV/IT/000439 Membrane Filtration And Sonochemical Technologies LIFE-ENV LIFE08 New process for the heat treatment ENV/F/000489 and the energy valorisation of the sludge coming from wastewater treatment plant. Proyecto piloto de desmantelamiento LIFE-ENV LIFE07 y descontaminacin de barcos fuera ENV/E/000787 de uso
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 enrico.venturini@tec
Enrico VENTURINI
notex.it
01/01/2010 31/10/2011 Pascalcolignon@fina Pascal Colignon
http://purifast.tecnote http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 x.it/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3284 http://www.pyrobio.eu http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 24/02/2011 / ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3494 http://www.recyship.c http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 om/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3241
xo.fr
01/01/2009 31/12/2012 mgarcia@reciclauto.
es
Miguel ngel Garca Molina
Yes
clean technology paper industry
RESALTTECH
Concentrated saline rejection LIFE-ENV LIFE08 treatment: Environmental Technology ENV/E/000133 using a non profitable solid waste as energy source Rivers: Engaging, Supporting and Transferring knOwledge for Restoration in Europe LIFE-INF LIFE09 INF/UK/000032
01/01/2010
31/12/2012 jccastell@aiica.com
Joan Carles CASTELL
http://www.resalttech. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 com/en/contact/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3453 http://www.environme ntagency.gov.uk/about us/wfo/128855 aspx http://www.rewasteproject.it http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3780 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3247
Yes
restoration measure information network river
RESTORE
01/09/2010
30/09/2013 info@ecrr.org
WIM ZEEMAN
Maybe vegetable oil clean technology RE-WASTE waste use edible fat industrial waste water Yes waste water treatment integrated management wetland water resources management Maybe REWETLAND
LIFE-ENV LIFE07 Recovery, recycling, resource. ENV/IT/000421 Valorisation of olive mill effluents by recovering high added value bioproducts. Widespread introduction of LIFE-ENV LIFE08 constructed wetlands for a wastewater ENV/IT/000406 treatment of Agro Pontino Establishment of Impact Assessment Procedure as a tool for the sustainability of agroecosystem: the case of mediterranean olives
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 acaturano@mataluni. Antonio CATURANO
com
01/01/2010 30/06/2013 nicolettavalle@provin Nicoletta VALLE
cia.latina.it; c.perotto@provincia.l atina.it

31/03/2014 Ch.emmanouil@bpi.g Christina
http://www.rewetland. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 eu/life/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3457 www.sage10.gr http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3681
organic farming vegetable oil SAGE10 agricultural method EC regulation on eco-management and audit environmental assessment
EMMANOUIL
Yes
environmental impact of agriculture river modelling industrial area groundwater Maybe
SALT
Sustainable management of the Esino LIFE-ENV LIFE07 river basin to prevent saline intrusion ENV/IT/000497 in the coastal aquifer in consideration of climate change Recovery of dredged SEDIments of the PORT of Ravenna and SILicon extraction LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/IT/000158
01/01/2009
30/12/2011 vspinaci@multiservizi- Valerio SPINACI
http://www.lifesalt.it/
spa.it
waste recycling environmental SEDI.PORT.SIL management raw material consumption harbour hazardous waste water resources management SEMEAU modelling drinking water
01/09/2010
31/08/2012 elisa.ulazzi@meding Elisa ULAZZI
egneria.it
http://www.lifesedipor http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 tsil.eu ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3682
Yes
Application of the Water Framework Directive through the implementation of an expert system providing a total modelling of a water mass Sewage energy exchange
LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/F/000173
01/01/2009
31/12/2012 patrick.lachassagne
@danone.com
Patrick LACHASSAGNE
http://www.lifehttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 semeau.eu/en/node/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear 81 ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3274 http://www.arnhem.nl/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 content.jsp?objectid= ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear arnhemintern:123597 ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3707
Maybe
use of waste as energy source SEWEEX urban area energy supply sewage sludge alternative technology
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/NL/000427
01/09/2010
01/09/2015 ilja.jansen@arnhem.
Ilja Jansen
nl
Yes
use of waste as energy source Sludge's Wealth sewage sludge river soil degradation environmental training
Ennobling of sludge for energy use and industrial
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/IT/000186
01/10/2010
30/09/2013 d.marangoni@coomi. Danilo MARANGONI
it
30/06/2012 environment@anatoli Socratis FAMELLOS
Yes
Soil Soil Sustainable Management in a Sustainability(So.S Mediterranean River basin based on ) the European Soil Thematic Strategy
ki.gr
31/03/2013 dimostinou@gmail.co Simeon ORFANOS
http://www.coomi.it/e http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ng/life.html ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3699 http://www.lifesos.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3305 http://uest.ntua.gr/sol http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 brine/?lang=en ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3679 http://www.sustreat.e http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 u ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3437 http://lifelegionela.aite http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 x.es/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3244 http://www.thalassa- http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 project.gr/homepage. ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear asp?ITMID=2&LANG ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3775 =EN http://thegreendesert http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 s.com/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3654 http://www.lifetrust.it/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 cms/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3252 http://www.lifehttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 uftec.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3686 http://valuvoil.com/?la http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ng=en ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n proj id=3652 http://voclesspulping. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 com/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3668 http://www.vopakexpero3.be/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3751
Yes
waste water treatment water SOL-BRINE supply island renewable energy Maybe energy saving urban area sludge treatment Sus Treat
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 01/10/2010 Development of an advanced ENV/GR/000299 innovative energy autonomous system for the treatment of brine from seawater desalination plants Use of immanent energy for sludge LIFE-ENV LIFE08 treatment - a central step towards selfENV/D/000026 sustaining sewage flow management Legionellosis: risk reduction to public health from environmental sources using biotechnology in the textile sector Thalassa Campaign: Learn, Act, Protect/Awareness, Educational and Participation Campaign for Marine Mammals in Greece The Green Deserts: new planting techniques for tree cultivation in desertified environments to face Climate Change Tool for regional - scale assessment of groundwater storage improvement in adaptation to climate change LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/E/000794 01/01/2010
31/12/2014 klaerwerk-koblenz@t- Thomas Kesselheim
online.de
01/04/2009 01/01/2012 rlopez@aitex.es
Yes
industrial pollution pollution control risk management environmental law water treatment textile industry Maybe
TEXLEGIO
Rosa Lpez
Thalassa endangered species environmental education marine ecosystem biodiversity nature conservation desertification restoration measure soil degradation The Green Deserts
LIFE-INF
LIFE09 INF/GR/000320
01/09/2010
31/12/2013 info@mom.gr
Spyros KOTOMATAS
Yes
LIFE-ENV LIFE09 ENV/ES/000447
01/09/2010
31/08/2015 espana@transfer-
Sven KALLEN
lbc.com
Yes
river
TRUST
LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/IT/000475
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 segreteria@adbve.it
Francesco BARUFFI
Yes
alternative technology water treatment reverse osmosis Maybe vegetable oil use of waste as energy source waste treatment biomass energy waste water treatment emission reduction volatile organic compound industrial waste water end-of-pipe technology odour nuisance risk assessment contamined soil decontamination groundwater water quality improvement restoration measure river management
UFTEC
Substitution of conventional treatment LIFE-ENV LIFE09 of raw river water by ultrafiltration ENV/ES/000467 membrane technology Demonstration of zero waste cycle by LIFE-ENV LIFE09 the complete valorization of residues ENV/ES/000451 from refining of used vegetable oils Abatement of VOC load from waste LIFE-ENV LIFE09 water treatment in mechanical pulping ENV/FI/000568
01/01/2011
CETaqua, Centro Tecnolgico scar LEN
VALUVOIL
01/09/2010
28/02/2013 oscleo@cartif.es
Yes
VOCless waste water
01/10/2010
30/09/2013 markku.tapola@axco Markku Tapola
ns.fi markku.tapola@mee hanite.org

01/09/2010 31/08/2015 sven.vanassche@vo Sven Van Assche
Maybe
VOPAKEXPERO3
Using ISCO with perozone for the LIFE-ENV LIFE09 remediation of a cocktail of organic ENV/BE/000407 contaminants at an EX-rated industrial site in operation Design of a decision tool for hydromorphological restoration of water bodies in Walloon Region LIFE-ENV LIFE07 ENV/B/000038
pak.com
Yes
WALPHY
01/01/2009
31/12/2013 francis.lambot@spw. Francis LAMBOT
wallonie.be
http://www.walphy.be http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3242
Maybe
Waste Joint Waste management Management contamined soil industrial waste groundwater pollution control financial instrument water WATACLIC resources management environmental awareness water saving energy saving water resources management WATER water quality improvement environmental assessment
Development and operation of an integrated model for managing Industrial Waste in the Zona Franca Industrial Estate, Barcelona Water against climate change. Sustainable water management in urban areas
02/01/2010
31/12/2012 rodrigor@el-
consorci.com
Rosa RODRIGO SANZ
NONE FOUND
Yes
LIFE-INF
01/01/2010
31/12/2012 giulio.conte@ambient Giulio CONTE
eitalia.it
31/07/2013 apapanastasiou@en Athina Papanastasiou
http://www.wataclic.e http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 u/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3499 http://www.lifewater.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3481 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 14/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3276 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3700
Yes
Strengthening the scientific foundation LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/02/2010 of water quality programs ENV/CY/000460
vironment.moa.gov.c y
Yes
Yes
river modelling forecast WATER CHANGE Medium and long term water LIFE-ENV LIFE07 water resources management resources modelling as a tool for ENV/E/000845 planning and global change adaptation. Application to the Llobregat Basin environmental law water WaterRtoM Water Research to Market - to speed- LIFE-ENV LIFE09 resources management up the transfer of water related ENV/FR/000593 survey technology transfer research outputs to better implement the Water directives preventive measure water resources management environmental awareness consumption pattern preventive measure aquatic ecosystem coastal area WATLIFE Enhancement of Public Awareness of LIFE-INF the Importance of Water for Life, its Protection and Sustainable Use in Accordance with the Water Framework Directive Wave Energized Baltic Aeration Pump LIFE08 INF/SK/000243
01/01/2009
CETaqua, Technology Center
http://www.lifewaterchange.eu
01/09/2010
31/08/2013 n.jacquin@oieau.fr
Natacha JACQUIN
http://waterrtom.org/Home
Yes
01/01/2010
31/12/2013 brtko@vuvh.sk
Director General of Water Research Institute Ing. Juraj Brtko, CSc.
http://www.vuvh.sk/in http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 dex.php/sk_SK/proje ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear kt-life/zakladnech.dspPage&n_proj_id=3503 informacie-o-projekte www.webap.ivl.se http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3469
Yes
WEBAP
LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/S/000271
01/01/2010
31/12/2012 christian.baresel@ivl. Christian Baresel
se
Yes
Yes
Yes
Decision making support, WEISS diffuse pollution, environmental assessment, water monitoring waste water treatment WINEC environmental management environmental performance industrial waste water water resources management WIZ urban area drinking water
The Water Emissions Inventory, a LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/01/2010 planning Support System aimed at ENV/B/000042 reducing the pollution of water bodies Advanced systems for the LIFE-ENV LIFE08 01/02/2010 enhancement of the environmental ENV/CY/000455 performance of WINEries in Cyprus WaterIZe spatial planning: encompass LIFE-ENV LIFE09 future drinkwater management ENV/IT/000056 conditions to adapt to climate change Integrated approach to energy and climate changes changing LIFE-ENV LIFE08 ENV/P/000237 01/09//2010
31/12/2012 g.vos@vmm.be
Greet VOS Dr. Despo Kassinos
31/10/2012 dfatta@ucy.ac.cy
http://weiss.vmm.be/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n proj id=3404 http://www.eng.ucy.a http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 c.cy/winec/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3479 http://www.wiz-life.eu/ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3692 http://ww4environme http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/proj 16/09/2011 nt.eu/ ect/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=sear ch.dspPage&n_proj_id=3467
30/08/2013 o.cei@acqueingegne Oberdan CEI
ria.net
01/01/2010 31/12/2012 ramiro.neves@ist.utl. Ramiro NEVES
Yes
waste water treatment energy WW4ENVIRONM saving environmental ENT performance
pt
Of interest? YES
Yes
General project information Project Maybe acronym Project title AQUAENVEC Assessment and improvement of
the urban water cycle ecoefficiency using LCA and LCC
Website
Funding
LIFE-ENV
contract code
LIFE10 ENV/ES/000520
start date 01/01/2012
end date 31/12/2014
e-mail coordinator name coordinator amassague@cetaqu Anna Massagu a.com sgonzalez@cetaqua. Susana Gonzlez com Blanco
Website
LIFE database website http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3968 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=4012
Data Info collected 08/10/2011
Yes
AQUATIK
Development and validation of advanced monitoring system for control of organic priority pollutants in treated wastewater effluents Live Water - from Biodiversity to the Tap
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
31/12/2014
08/10/2011
Yes
AQUAVIVA
LIFE-INF
LIFE10 INF/SI/000135
01/09/2011
31/08/2014
marjana@lutra.si
Marjana HNIGSFELD ADAMI
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=4030
08/10/2011
Yes
AQUOR
Implementation of a water saving and artificial recharging participated strategy for the quantitative groundwater layer rebalance of the upper Vicenza's plain
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
01/09/2013
muraro.teresa@prov Teresa MURARO incia.vicenza.it
08/10/2011
Yes
Biorewit
New soil improvement products for LIFE-ENV reducing the pollution of soils and waters and revitalizing the soil system
LIFE10 ENV/PL/000661
01/01/2012
31/12/2014
stkanicz@iwarz.pl
Stanislaw KANISZEWSKI
08/10/2011
Yes
CHARM
Chromium in asopos groundwater LIFE-ENV system: remediation technologies and measures LIFE-ENV Profitable organic farming techniques based on traditional crops: contrasting soil degradation in the Mediterranean Development of a national strategy LIFE-ENV for adaptation to climate change adverse impacts in Cyprus Duurzaam En gentegreerd bodembeheer om MilieuEffecten TE Reduceren (Sustainable and integrated soil management to reduce environmental effects) Ecological courtyards united for resources saving through smart technologies and life style LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
31/08/2015
mamais@central.ntu Daniel Mamais a.gr mariano@transati.co Mariano SAZ m ACHUELO
ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm ?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3951 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3921
08/10/2011
Maybe Crops for
better soil
15/10/2011
14/10/2016
08/10/2011
Maybe CYPADAPT
LIFE10 ENV/CY/000723
01/09/2011
31/03/2014
tmesimeris@environ Theodoulos ment.moa.gov.cy MESIMERIS patrick.verstegen@vl Patrick VERSTEGEN m.be
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3942 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3984
08/10/2011
Maybe DEMETER
LIFE10 ENV/BE/000699
01/01/2012
30/03/2016
08/10/2011
Maybe ECO Courts
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2011
30/11/2014
luised@comune.pad Daniela Luise ova.it
08/10/2011
Maybe ELINA
Integrated green life-cycle management of waste oils and petroleum residues
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
31/08/2014
memmanouilidou@k Nikolaos Rempakos onkat.gr
08/10/2011
Yes
EUTROMED
Tcnica demostrativa de prevencin de la eutrofizacin provocada por nitrgeno agrcola en las aguas superficiales en clima mediterrneo The impact of geological environment on health status of residents of the Slovak Republic Green Site : supercritical fluid technologies for river and sea dredge sediment remediation
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
01/03/2015
mprieto@dipgra.es
Myriam Prieto Labra
08/10/2011
Maybe Geohealth
LIFE-ENV
LIFE10 ENV/SK/000086
01/09/2011
31/08/2015
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3982 g.cravin@alles.it Guerrino Cravin http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3972
08/10/2011
Maybe GREEN SITE
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2011
30/09/2013
08/10/2011
Yes
HWC
Jenfelder Au - Hamburg Water Cycle - Jenfelder Au
LIFE-ENV
LIFE10 ENV/DE/000158 LIFE10 INF/MT/000092
01/09/2011
31/08/2016
Kim.Augustin@ham Kim AUGUSTIN burgwsser.de mario.j.spiteri@gov. Mario SPITERI mt
08/10/2011
Yes
InfoNitrates
Information and communications LIFE-INF campaign for the proper use and management of nitrates in agriculture and livestock breeding
01/09/2011
31/12/2013
08/10/2011
Yes
Investing in Water
Maybe LCA4PORTS
Achieving Reduction in Water LIFE-INF Consumption by Business in Malta
01/10/2011
31/03/2014
ceo@mbb.org.mt
Joe Tanti
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=4026 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3934 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/ind ex.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=3995
08/10/2011
European Ports Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
LIFE-ENV
01/11/2011
01/11/2015
life.anzio@libero.it, Gianluca IEVOLELLA life@comune.anzio.r oma.it
08/10/2011
Yes
NITRATES
LIFE-ENV Repercussion of Agricultural Activities in Nitrate Contamination of Continental Water
01/09/2011
31/08/2014
08/10/2011
Yes
OMZET
Waste water treatment as energy and mineral recovery utility
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
31/12/2016
hvanveldhuizen@W Henry VAN WE.nl VELDHUIZEN
08/10/2011
Maybe PURA4IPM
Pesticides Use Reduction in Agriculture: demonstration of an innovative Integrated Pest Management technology
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
28/02/2015
drei@dow.com
Francesco DREI
08/10/2011
Yes
Saimaan lohikalojen SHOWW
Saimaan lohikalojen kestvn kalastuksen edistminen
LIFE-INF
LIFE10 INF/FI/000052 LIFE10 INF/IT/000282
01/10/2011
30/06/2014
Yes
LIFE-INF SHOWW - puShing aHead with field implementatiOn of best fitting Wastewater treatment and management solutions
01/09/2011
28/08/2014
kirjaamo.pohjoisVeli-Matti KAIJOMAA karjala@elykeskus.fi Riccardo.Gori@dice Riccardo GORI a.unifi.it
08/10/2011
08/10/2011
Yes
UNIZEO
Urea-based nitrogenous fertilizers LIFE-ENV coated with zeolite : reducing drastically pullution due to nitrogen
01/09/2011
31/03/2015
gbozzola@g-mm.com
Giorgio BOZZOLA
08/10/2011
Maybe URWASTECH Innovative Urban Waste Treatment: A Sustainable Approach Using Hydrodynamic and Biological Technologies Yes
LIFE-ENV
01/10/2011
01/04/2014
international@leitat. Dirk SASETA org
08/10/2011
WARBO
Water re-born - artificial recharge: LIFE-ENV innovative technologies for the sustainable management of water resources
01/01/2012
30/06/2014
dnieto@ogs.trieste.it Daniel NIETO YABAR
08/10/2011
Yes
LIFE-ENV WASTEREUS Best practices for agricultural wastes treatment and reuse in the E Mediterranean countries
LIFE10 ENV/GR/000594 LIFE10 ENV/IT/000308
01/09/2011
31/08/2015
komni@mred.tuc.gr
Konstantinos Komnitsas Francesca SANTORI
08/10/2011
Yes
WW-SIP
From Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant to Self Sustainable Integrated Platform for Wastewater Refinement Water Pollution Reduction and Water Saving Using a Natural Zeolite Cycle
LIFE-ENV
01/01/2012
31/12/2015
f.santori@isrim.it
08/10/2011
Yes
ZeoLIFE
LIFE-ENV
01/09/2011
28/02/2015
clt@unife.it
Massimo COLTORTI
08/10/2011
Of interest? YES Maybe
General project information Project acronym Project title Funding contract code start date end date e-mail coordinator name coordinator
Website
Website LIFE database website Data Info collected
Yes
BaltInfoHaz
Baltic Info Campaign on Hazardous Substances
LIFE-INF
LIFE 10/INF/EE/108
01/10/2011
31/03/2015
kitty.kislenko@bef.ee
Ms Kitty Kislenko
Not yet established
maybe
COM-U
Communicating environmental action to children and youth
LIFE-INF
LIFE 07/INF/S/901
01/01/2009
31/12/2011 ingela.berggren@hsr.se
Ingela Berggren
http://www.hsr.se
yes
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/lif e/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuse action=search.dspPage&n_proj_i d=4034 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/lif e/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuse action=search.dspPage&n_proj_i d=3310 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/lif e/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuse action=search.dspPage&n_proj_i d=3313
14/12/2011
14/12/2011
Eco-animation
Eco-Animation: a cutting LIFE-INF edge cartoon to raise awareness on climate change and sustainable use of natural resources among European children
LIFE 07/INF/UK/950
01/01/2009
31/03/2011
Mr. Luigi Petito
14/12/2011
luigi@bs-europa.eu
http://www.animateeu.com/eco and http://www.myfriendboo.c om/watch.html
yes
Renew
Regional Environmental LIFE-INF Networks for Energy and Water
LIFE 07/INF/UK/932
01/01/2009
31/12/2011
frances.galvanoni@est.org.uk Ms Frances Galvanoni
maybe
Hydro4LIFE
LIFE-ENV Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol: EU Assessments, Monitoring, Capacity Development and Outreach
LIFE 09/ENV/UK/026
01/09/2010
01/09/2013
ci@hydropower.org
Mr Cameron Ironside
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/lif e/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuse www.energysavingtrust.or action=search.dspPage&n_proj_i g.uk/Life-water-andd=3312 energy-project http://ec.europa.eu/environment/lif e/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuse action=search.dspPage&n_proj_i d=3665 http://www.hydrosustaina bility.org/Hydro4Life.aspx
14/12/2011
14/12/2011
maybe
SEAweb
Scotland's Environmental LIFE-ENV Web
LIFE 10/ENV/UK/182
01/09/2011
31/08/2014
SEWeb@sepa.org.uk
Mr Martin Marsden
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/lif e/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuse action=search.dspPage&n_proj_i d=3990
14/12/2011
Not yet established
Yes
Maybe
New additions
LIFEIII projects LIFE+ (07-09) projects LIFE10 projects TOTAL
53 73 19
8 23 10
61 96 29 186
0 4
61 100
31
192
Annex2
ProjectAssessmentMatrix
Annex2
Year
Life Code 2000/60/EC WFD
Frameworks 91/271/EEC urban waste water 2008/56/EC MSFD 96/61/EC and 2010/75/EU IPPC
Pollution Control 2006/118/EC groundwater 76/464/EEC; 80/68/EEC; 06/11/EC discharge of pollution 91/676/EEC nitrates from agriculture
Aquatic Organisms 2006/113/EC shellfish 2006/44 fresh waters to support fish
Human Health & Infrastructure 2008/105/EC WQS 2007/60/EC flood risks 2006/7/EC bathing water Total Cost 98/83/EC drinking water EU Cost
other
Lynne
Yael
Zsuzsa
ENV and INF PROJECTS

LIFE05 ENV/DK/000155 5 AGWAPLAN 5 LIFE05 ENV/F/000058 AWARE 5 LIFE05 ENV/IT/000846 BATTLE LIFE05 ENV/E/000267 BE-Fair
P 1 1
P 1
S 1,617,795 1,070,021 2,672,885 2,170,746 791,820 440,127 965,902 909,248 deals with waste 719,527 Targets EU thematic strategy on urban 827,398 environments 1,075,765 739,355 287,317 181,022 MSFD? (deals indirectlty with marine pollution) It states future link with MFD
1 1 1
5
LIFE05 ENV/E/000302 Ecodiptera
5
LIFE05 ENV/GR/000242 Elefsina 2020
1,439,054
5
1 1 1
LIFE05 ENV/E/000289
1,654,796 1 2,151,531 1,478,711 1 587,622 1,393,561
5 EnviFriendly
LIFE05 ENV/IT/000894 ESTRUS
5 5 FERTIGREEN 5
LIFE05 ENV/UK/000126 FORMOSE LIFE05 ENV/E/000313 gEa
1 1
5 5 LIFE05 ENV/B/000517 INSIMEP

LIFE05 ENV/UK/000137 5 NITRABAR LIFE05 ENV/DK/000145 Odense 5 PRB - AgriPoM LIFE05 ENV/E/000292 5 OLIVEWASTE LIFE05 ENV/IT/000868 PERBIOF
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
642,119 2,256,913 1,067,414 488,117 4,566,361 637,270 2,883,870 9,712,865
192,635 667,509 518,670 210,841 2,065,585 318,635 406,965 1,324,045 No directive stated recycling wastes from 1,044,000 waste water 687,626 715,008 1,259,105 2,639,305 1,136,759 862,751 1,916,993 1,394,367 No Directives targeted reduces pollution by TBT 1,067,789 to marine waters 2,624,455 FLOODS Directive and 959,775 INSPIRE 376,887 1,899,029 285,021 This was my project, water cleaning technology, directive 80/68 Agree, no directive stated, project deals with reuse of industrial water
5
5 PROMOTHE MBR
5 QUERCUS
LIFE05 ENV/IT/000812 RIWAC
5
LIFE05 ENV/F/000067 SOUND 5 SLUDGE LIFE05 ENV/H/000418 SUMANAS
1 1 1 1 1
LIFE05 ENV/E/000256 ZERO
6,236,754 1,308,578 1,752,743 2,666,941 5,278,610
5 5 LIFE05 ENV/B/000510 TOPPS

LIFE05 ENV/D/000182 WAgriCo
5 5 PLUS 6 LIFE06 ENV/IT/000255 A.S.A.P 6 LIFE06 ENV/F/000133 ArtWet

LIFE06 ENV/F/000132 CONCERT
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2,276,386 1,993,946 4,555,702 2,801,600
6 'EAU
LIFE06 ENV/B/000362 ECOTECSTC
6
LIFE06 ENV/E/000044 ES-
1 1 1 1 1 1
LIFE06 ENV/D/000458 LOTECOTEC
4,528,294 6,951,426 1 1 1 2 1,947,803 753,774 12,429,217 1 570.043
MSFD?
MFSD is mentioned
6 WAMAR
LIFE06 ENV/D/000461
6 FLOODSCAN
LIFE06 ENV/F/000158 6 ISONITRATE 6 LIFE06 ENV/D/000478 IWPM LIFE06 ENV/IT/000235 Kolisoon
6
LIFE06 ENV/F/000136
1 1 1 1 1
2,994,160 1,597,451
850,473 783,429
6 MARECLEAN
LIFE06 ENV/D/000485 Moveable HEPP
6
LIFE06 ENV/UK/000401 MR Mo
1 1 1 1
7,858,296 433,385 1,400,640
1,695,375 0 416,700
6 ToWFO
LIFE06 ENV/B/000359
6 MULTIBARDEM
LIFE06 ENV/UK/000409 OpenMI-
6 LIFE
LIFE06 ENV/D/000460
1 1 1
3,705,712 4,206,682 5,516,150
1,849,991 504,600 940,399 1,960,257 1,176,240 not specifically stated 595,620 principally waste project 333,304 not specifically stated reducing pollution in 633,819 groundwater 851,816 Indeed. Maybe MSFD as deals also with marine pollution
6 SLUDGE2ENERGY
LIFE06 ENV/FIN/000195 STABLE
6
6 TREASURE 6 LIFE06 ENV/NL/000167 WET

LIFE07 ENV/E/000814 3R-FISH
1 1
1 1
4,763,782 2,632,603
7
LIFE07 ENV/E/000826 AQUA-
1 1
1,447,990 988,564
It mentions Directive 2006/66 batteries WFD, local planning strategies
7 PLANN PROJECT
LIFE07 ENV/B/000022 BACad
7
LIFE07 ENV/EE/000122
1 1 1 1 1
1,495,041 1,691,598
7 BaltActHaz
LIFE 07/INF/UK/750 Ecoanimation
7
LIFE07 ENV/D/000229 ECOSMA
1 1
LIFE07 ENV/S/000908 GreenClimeAdapt
388,641 828,144
183,443 also harmonisation with 414,072 Baltic MECP But it's also about managing increased amounts of rain, hence dealing with floods
project focusing on water quality: Marine Strategy Directive, 2006/113, shellfish It indeed focuses on climate change but also tries to achieve good ecological status under WFD, local stakeholder particoipation and flooding modelling
7
LIFE07 ENV/SLO/000725 INCOME
3,166,264
1,582,932 climat change project not specifically mentioned but covers drinking water 834,860 and aquifers
7
LIFE07 ENV/PL/000605 Lake
1 1 1
1,804,915 431,861
WFD also, it was a good project, improving water quality
7 recult. in Gniezno
LIFE07 ENV/L/000540 M3
215,930
7
LIFE07 ENV/NL/000576 PHARMAFILTER
2,054,739
1,238,990 not specifically mentioned but deals with clinical water 1,092,945 treatment 1,022,753 not specifically stated but 1,106,917 deals with WWT water scarcity, droughts 970,850 and climate deals with recycling and 773,250 waste reduction 795,434 670,700 addresses soil directive but may have water 771,872 application Not stated deal with 506,168 legionella?? also water scarcity and 898,380 droughts soil strategy, includes the Soil Directve, but does not really details with water , more on soil management issues The project proposal does not mention any water directives, it focuses on reducing legionella in the textile industry , and it monitors water. Mainly it is a water
7
LIFE07 ENV/UK/000943 PISCES
1 1
LIFE07 ENV/IT/000439 PURIFAST
2,423,889 2,045,506
7
LIFE 07/INF/UK/932 RENEW
2,234,335
water purification
7 7 7 LIFE07 ENV/IT/000497 SALT

LIFE07 ENV/F/000173 SEMEAU LIFE07 ENV/IT/000421 REWASTE
1 1 1 1
LIFE07 ENV/GR/000278 Soil Sustainability(So.S)
1,941,702 1,546,500 1,447,112 1 1,341,400
It concerns olive production and waste water treatment Wastewater as well, not only and concerns UWWT. However, it seems that mostly concentrate on biogas, not on water. waste.
7
LIFE07 ENV/E/000794 TEXLEGIO
1 1
LIFE07 ENV/IT/000475 TRUST
1,572,745 1,031,836 1,838,380
7 7
LIFE07 ENV/B/000038 WALPHY
It is a bacteria in drinking water, but the project will apply the new method in a
7
LIFE07 ENV/E/000845 WATER CHANGE
1 1
LIFE08 ENV/E/000099 AQUAVAL
2,861,641 1,238,280 1,562,532
919,161
7 8
LIFE08 ENV/FIN/000609 CATERMASS
not stated but is water resource management 616,020 project 773,916 WFD, water treatement plans, also linked to Floods
8
LIFE08 ENV/IT/000426 COAST8 BEST LIFE08 ENV/IT/000390 8 ECOMAWARU LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517 EH-REK
1 1 1 1
2,860,775 1,730,501 960,122
also habitats and EG EQS 1,408,521 priotity substances not specifically stated This is my project. Agree with 812,465 reuse of dredging spoil selection of legilsaiton 942,372
8
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000519 EKOROB
1,421,597
665,788 not specifally stated denitrification in drinking 665,149 water reservoir
1,330,249
to rehabilitate reservoirs, WFD and water quality Mentions the WFD, cost effective ecohidrology actions to reduce diffuse pollution and achieve good status of water
LIFE08 ENV/E/000117 ENSAT
8
LIFE08 ENV/IT/000399 8 EnvEurope LIFE08 ENV/E/000118 GREENLYSIS LIFE08 ENV/LV/000451 HydroClimateStrategyRiga
1 1 1 1
1,240,358 6,067,876 1,594,833
not specifally stated 597,372 addresses water scarcity not specifically stated 3,003,938 information systems not specifically mentioned 797,416 but included WWTP not specifically mentioned 658,540 but covers flooding 851,156 1,118,493 Not specifically stated but 735,330 about WWTP
8
LIFE08 ENV/GR/000570 8 HydroSense LIFE08 ENV/IT/000413 INHABIT
1 1 1
LIFE08 ENV/CY/000457 INTERWASTE
662,240 1,756,563 2,264,341
8
LIFE08 ENV/S/000272 ITEST
1,471,838
8
LIFE08 ENV/D/000021 MAGPlan
1 1
LIFE08 ENV/E/000114 POWER
1,226,800 1 3,459,350
613,400 1,722,625 Project deals wirh integral grounwater risk management , WFD and GWT directives
8
LIFE08 ENV/GR/000551 PURE
1,431.15
not specifically stated but 655,725 about reducing water use
8
LIFE08 ENV/F/000489 PYROBIO
1 1
2,404,277 1,697,573
1,039,638 846,007 not stated - deals with clean technologies with 993,614 some water cleanup This is my project. Encourage participatory decision making in line with the WFD as well and deal with farmers to reduce nitrates pollution.
8
LIFE08 ENV/E/000133 RESALTTECH
8
LIFE08 ENV/IT/000406 REWETLAND
2,028,302
8
LIFE08 ENV/E/000132 Waste Joint Management
3,706,632
not stated - reed bed 1,450,566 filtration system deals with remediation but 277,940 does mention grondwater not stated but deals with water resource 383,786 management
8
LIFE08 INF/IT/000308 WATACLIC
555,879
8
LIFE08 ENV/CY/000460 WATER
767,545
8
LIFE08 INF/SK/000243 WATLIFE
1 1
LIFE08 ENV/S/000271 WEBAP
909,228 1,056,895
447,418 also mentions Natura 527,272 This is a dissemination project, dealing with WFD
8 8 LIFE08 ENV/B/000042 WEISS

LIFE08 ENV/CY/000455 WINEC
1 1 1 1
1,178,605 984,428 1,371,357
not stated - aeration 562,553 systems for coastal waters 468,517 682,954
8
LIFE08 ENV/P/000237 WW4ENVIRONMENT
8
LIFE09 ENV/GR/000296 Adapt2Change
784,442
9
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000456 AG_UAS
2,576,548
not stated focusses on 382,221 Climate change not specifically stated reducing water use in 1,288,274 agriculture
9
LIFE09 ENV/IT/000208 AQUA
1 1
2,384,688 1 1 2,634,689
1,192,344 not specifically stated reducing nitrates from 1,310,901 agriculture
Also groundwater pollution
In the proposal it focuses mostly on the Nitrates Directive
9
LIFE09 ENV/RO/000612 9 CLEANWATER LIFE09 ENV/ES/000431 9 CREAMAgua
1 1 1 1 1 1
807,720 698,319 1,884,304
403,860 not specifically stated 300,622 water trends and nitrates 898,677
Could be good example of regional and local WFD actions Nitrates mostly, groundwater and vulnerable zones.
9 9 9
LIFE09 ENV/FI/000569 GISBLOOM LIFE09 ENV/ES/000447 The Green Deserts LIFE 09/ENV/UK/026 Hydro4LIFE
1 1 1
3,060,856 2,074,518 1 1,283,637
1,503,638 may have relevance to 1,007,997 water scarcity in WDF examines clash between 641,818 WFD and renewables Not specifically stated but about restoring good 3,123,236 quality water not specifically stated deals with alternative to 886,211 TBT not specifically mentioned but deals with river 2,199,505 management not specifically mentioned but deals with wter losses 784,595 from reticulation systems also deals with Habitats 872,753 directive waste management of 931,192 dredged sediments not specific - treatment of 604,844 brine from desal plants Not stated deals with conservatio of marine mammals - targets 667,124 Habitats Directive not stated but deals wth 1,050,789 water treatment not stated but deals wth 915,013 water treatment deals with remediation but 654,734 does mention grondwater 399,979 not stated focusses on 942,370 Climate change 641,818 789,456 not stated 775,879 not stated also mentions Habitat and 235,314 biodiversity Urban waste water : to asess all environmental impacts of the life cycle of urban waste water WFD, priority pollutants, waste water Same topic as the project Coast Best above - MSFD The proposal mentions WFD, MSFD, Bathing water. It deals with measurment of marine fouling,aims toxic pain reduction.
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000472 LOS TOLLOS
9
LIFE09 ENV/SE/000351 Mare Purum
7,947,463
9
LIFE09 ENV/DE/000011 MY FAVOURITE RIVER
1,800,673
9
LIFE09 ENV/IT/000136 PALM
5,841,093
9
1 1 1
1,589,690 1,794,567
Agreed, no directive is mentioned specifically
9 RESTORE
LIFE09 ENV/IT/000158 SEDI.PORT.SIL
9
LIFE09 ENV/GR/000299 SOLBRINE
1,924,557
9
LIFE09 INF/GR/000320 Thalassa
1,209,689
9
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000467 UFTEC
1,343,248
9
LIFE09 ENV/FI/000568 VOCless 9 waste water LIFE09 ENV/BE/000407 VOPAKEXPERO3
1 1 1
2,156,157 1,840,026
9
LIFE09 ENV/FR/000593 WaterRtoM
1 1
LIFE09 ENV/IT/000056 WIZ
1,341,968 1 799,594
9
LIFE 09/ENV/UK/026 Hydro4 Life
1 1
1,896,540 1,282,637
9 10 AQUAENVEC
LIFE10 ENV/ES/000521 10 AQUATIK LIFE10 INF/SI/000135 AQUAVIVA
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1,594,413 1,564,259 548,141
10
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000380 AQUOR
10
LIFE 10 INF/EE/108 BaltInfoHaz
1 1
LIFE10 ENV/PL/000661 Biorewit
1 1 1 1 1 1
1,814,548 1,683,396 1,836,195 2,708,267 1,358,847
10 10
LIFE10 ENV/GR/000601 CHARM
693,348 dels with hazardous watse 834,573 in marine 926,597 not stated 1,337,679 may have relevance to 678,423 water scarcity in WDF 952,353 deals with soild directive 750,742 need to check It is also about reduction of nutrients from agri. Nitrates Directive, sustainable method to reduce Nitrates directive nitrogen level Not stated, but through geology - linked to groundwater Doesn't seem very relevant. Agree, no directive is mentioned, sediment About decontamination. decontamination Urban wastewater disposal + energy production mostly soil and landfill
10
LIFE10 ENV/CY/000723
1 1 1 1
10 CYPADAPT
LIFE10 ENV/BE/000699 10 DEMETER LIFE10 ENV/ES/000511 EUTROMED
1,907,092 1,504,486
10
LIFE10 ENV/SK/000086 Geohealth
10
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000343 GREEN
1 1 1
418,112 1,377,428 16,746,974
207,273 need to check 684,298 need to check 3,446,821 need to check 689,339 166,542
10 SITE
LIFE10 ENV/DE/000158 HWC
1 1 1
10 10 InfoNitrates
LIFE10 INF/MT/000091 Investing
2.212.475 336,329
10 in Water
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000369 LCA4PORTS
10
LIFE10 ENV/ES/000478 10 NITRATES LIFE10 ENV/NL/000028 OMZET
1 1 1 1 1
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000347 UNIZEO
1,091,650 2,420,765 14,447,825 367,170 1,432,211 1 2,450,166 1,666,009 2,000,785 1 1 1 1 1,384,799 3,915,770 2,150,839
not stated deals with Directive 2010/31/EU 485,300 ossible WFD? 1,147,132 not stated deals with 1,552,512 WWTP not stated but deals with 180,635 salmon conservation not stated deals with WWT 716,105 - interesting! 1,218,518 756,174 not stated focusses on 860,887 artificial recharge 679,399 not stated need to check 1,927,274 1,044,513 could be others check
Some aspects dealing with wastewater quality and recovery, but seems more generally linked to ports management
Agree, mostly deals with ports management and focuses on Directive on energy sufficiency 2010/31
10
LIFE10 INF/FI/000052 Saimaan 10 lohikalojen LIFE10 INF/IT/000282 SHOWW
10 10
10 URWASTECH
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000394 WARBO
1 1 1 1
10
LIFE10 ENV/GR/000594 10 WASTEREUSE LIFE10 ENV/IT/000308 WW-SIP
Deals with agricultural waste, waste nutritians and agriculture
10
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000321 ZeoLIFE
10 NATURE PROJECTS LIFE05 NAT/L/000101 5 Ardmouperl LIFE05 NAT/D/000152 5 BALTCOAST LIFE05 NAT/LV/000100 Baltic 5 MPAs LIFE05 NAT/IT/000026 Fortore 5 2005 LIFE05 NAT/DK/000153 5 Houting LIFE05 NAT/B/000090 Life 5 Grote Nete LIFE05 NAT/D/000057 Lippe5 Aue LIFE05 NAT/B/000085 Loutre 5 BeLu 2005-2006 LIFE05 NAT/UK/000143 5 STREAM LIFE06 NAT/P/000192 6 Biomares LIFE06 NAT/SI/000066 6 BIOMURA LIFE06 NAT/IT/000050 6 Co.Me.Bi.S. LIFE06 NAT/FIN/000129 6 Kokemenjoki-LIFE LIFE06 NAT/A/000127 LIFE 6 Obere Drau II LIFE06 NAT/D/000005 LIFE6 Projekt Maifisch LIFE07 NAT/P/000646 7 CETACEOSMADEIRA II LIFE07 NAT/GR/000285 7 ConShagAudMIBAGR LIFE07 NAT/FIN/000151 7 FINMARINET LIFE07 NAT/E/000732 7 INDEMARES LIFE07 NAT/IRL/000342 7 IShannonSACLAEO 7 LIFE07/NAT/IT/000413 PARC LIFE07 NAT/DK/000100 7 REFLOW LIFE08 NAT/D/000013 8 Elbauen bei Vockerode LIFE08 NAT/D/000008 Ems8 Dynamik+Habitate
Nitrates directive and groundwater pollution
Nitrates directive and also groundwater
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2,303,363 5,685,005 3,111,316 1,590,000 13,385,913 3,120,974 5,514,594 3,891,664 1,449,430 2,364,438 1,975,519 1,100,000 3,408,558 3,768,262 956,348 795,074 2,357,922 3,408,950 1 15,405,727 1,740,818 1,511,286 4,669,642 2,184,912 2,843,346
1,132,031 pearl mussel 3,403,203 not stated but meets 1,554,508 objectives 715,500 improving status claims to decommission 2 8,031,548 hydropower stations 1,560,470 2,757,297 1,945,832 579,772 1,182,219 restoration of MPA 969,385 525,000 restoration of MPA 1,704,279 1,531,305 improving status 478,174 397,537 dolphin conservation 1,768,422 IBA in marine 1,704,315 resource mapping for MPA resource mapping for MPA 7,702,863 also OSPAR 869,830 755,500 2,334,821 good ecological status 1,094,456 flood protection 1,421,673 restoration for fish addresses a number of 813,229 directves though not stated 3,005,975 floodplain management 1,392,065 1,448,763
8 LIFE08 NAT/UK/000201 ISAC LIFE08 NAT/D/000010 Life 8 Projekt "Lippeaue" LIFE08/NAT/A/000614 8 Murerleben LIFE08 NAT/D/000007 8 Nebenrinne Bislich
1 1
1,626,458 6,011,951
1 1
2,784,131 2,897,526
LIFE08/NAT/S/000266 Vindel 8 River LIFE 9 LIFE09 NAT/IT/000190 ARION LIFE09 NAT/LT/000234 9 DENOFLIT LIFE09 NAT/ES/000534 Life 9 Posidonia Andalucia LIFE09 NAT/ES/000514 9 MARGAL ULLA LIFE09 NAT/LV/000238 9 MARMONI LIFE09 NAT/PT/000038 9 MarPro LIFE09 INF/GR/000319 9 PROM.SUS.FIS.PR.PRESPA LIFE09 NAT/IT/000176 POSEIDONE LIFE09 NAT/DE/000004 Rheinauen bei Rastatt LIFE10 NAT/PT/000073 ECOTONE LIFE10 NAT/DE/000010 Emmericher Ward LIFE10 NAT/FR/000192 LIFE Continuit cologique LIFE10 NAT/AT/000017 LIFE+ Lavant LIFE10 NAT/SI/000142 Ljubljanica connects LIFE10 NAT/MT/000090 MALTA SEABIRD PROJECT
1 1 1 1 1
2,675,513 1,733,378 1,569,699 3,562,125 3,666,981
1,337,757 866,689 MPA dolphin conservation 784,849 mapping resources 2,474,902 Marine protected areas Pearl mussel/good WQ 1,821,604 status ecosystem approach assessments spatial 2,944,400 planning MPA and SCI 1,385,516 implementation
1 1
5,888,801 2,773,032
752,085
9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10
1 1
1,900,000 9,933,256 628,588 1 1 1 3,278,135 3,344,533 3,600,100 1,188,015 873,964
355,992 sustainable fisheries restoration seagrass and prevention of illegal 542,787 trawling 4,698,716 449,371 1,538,877 1,598,617 1,541,408 584,382 meeting marine SPA 436,982 requirements could expore conflict between WFD and renewable energy like 4,379,712 HYDRO4LIFE 1,423,108 668,820 964,252 1,745,887 improving status
1 1
LIFE10 NAT/AT/000016 10 Netzwerk Donau LIFE10 NAT/DE/000008 Rur 10 und Kall LIFE10 NAT/IT/000271 10 SHARKLIFE LIFE10 NAT/FR/000200 10 SUBLIMO LIFE10 NAT/AT/000015 10 Untere March-Auen Total all projects Total ENV/INF projects Total NAT project Total Nature Projects 46 Total Env and Inf projects 150
1 1 1 1 1 38 22 16
1 14,509,424 3,976,076 1,337,640 1,947,590 3,491,774 12 6 6 18 7 11 8 8 0 3 2 1 22 22 0 7 7 0 19 19 0 6 6 0 5 5 0 15 15 0 9 9 0 6 6 0 10 1 9 8 1 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 7 7 0 3 3 0 1 1 0 6 6 0 3 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 9 7 2
76 68 8
Frameworks 96/61/EC and 2010/75/EU IPPC 91/271/EEC urban waste water 2000/60/EC WFD 2008/56/EC MSFD
Pollution Control
Aquatic Organisms 2008/75/EC bottom fishing gears 2006/113/E C shellfish
Human Health & Infrastructure 2007/60/EC flood risks 2008/105/E C WQS 2006/7/EC bathing water 98/83/EC drinking water
91/676/EEC nitrates from agriculture 76/464/EEC; 80/68/EEC; 06/11/EC discharge of 2006/118/E C groundwater 2006/44 fresh waters to support fish
other
Lynne stated - strategic tourism project not really water TCY - no directives stated
Yael g g point was the coastal zones, but this is a marginal issue.
Zsuzsa
LIFE III
LIFE06 TCY/INT/000250 DESTINATIONS LIFE06 TCY/TN/000275 COPEAU LIFE05 TCY/CRO/000108 CROWATER LIFE06 TCY/ET/000232 FLAFLOM LIFE05 TCY/GA/000115 HAGAR LIFE06 TCY/ET/000226 IBISS LIFE05 TCY/CRO/000111 IBM
1 TCY - no directives stated TCY - no directives stated TCY - no directives stated TCY - no directives stated TCY - no directives stated treatment. Maybe WFD - as a general framework, seeing that the project aimed at changing
1
LIFE05 TCY/MA/000141 MOROCOMP LIFE06 TCY/MA/000256 NAORA
LIFE06 TCY/TR/000284 PRETHERM
1
LIFE06 TCY/INT/000246 SAVA RIVER BASIN
TCY - no directives stated - reuse of irrigation water TCY - no directives stated conservation of water resources
1
LIFE05 TCY/TN/000150 SMAS LIFE05 TCY/IL/000130 SUSTAINABLE JORDAN R
1
LIFE06 TCY/IL/000240 TRANS-BOUNDARY WATER/PROAQUIFER
TCY - no directives I'd add also the WFD stated more habitats (seeing the idea to directive elaborate IBRM) No directive stated conservation of water resources This was my project. Very similar in its TCY - no directives ideas to WFD, but stated - tenuous link also relates to to drinking water nitrates pollution, and This was my project. TCY - no directives Relates to groundwater stated - links to urban waste water management as well as to urban and groundwater
Frameworks 91/271/EEC urban waste water 2000/60/EC WFD 2008/56/EC MSFD 96/61/EC and 2010/75/EU
Pollution Control 2006/118/EC groundwater 76/464/EEC; 80/68/EEC; 06/11/EC 91/676/EEC nitrates from agriculture
Aquatic Organisms 2006/113/EC shellfish 2008/75/EC bottom fishing gears 2006/44 fresh waters to support
Human Health & Infrastructure 2008/105/EC WQS 2007/60/EC flood risks 2006/7/EC bathing water 98/83/EC drinking water
other
Lynne
Yael
Zsuzsa
LIFE III
LIFE06 ENV/IT/000257 VOICE LIFE06 ENV/D/000465 ZEM/SHIPS LIFE07 ENV/E/000847 BIOCELL
S rejected deals with Biofuel Directive rejected deals with air emissions
Agree Agree
Also agree to reject Agree, air and odour
1
LIFE08 ENV/GR/000569 BIOFUELS-2G LIFE08 ENV/E/000158 BOATCYCLE LIFE08 INF/E/000187 COR LIFE07 ENV/E/000788 Cowtoplant LIFE09 ENV/ES/000459 ECOREGA LIFE08 ENV/E/000119 FAROS LIFE09 INF/IT/000076 FISH SCALE LIFE09 ENV/FR/000600 GREEN TESTING LIFE08 ENV/F/000488 IMCM LIFE08 INF/GR/000581 INFOIL LIFE08 ENV/B/000046 LVMBIOcells LIFE08 ENV/CY/000461 MARITIMECO2 LIFE08 ENV/E/000113 METABIORESOR LIFE09 ENV/IT/000070 N.O.WA.S.T.E LIFE09 ENV/DK/000368 NorthPestClean LIFE07 INF/IT/000438 Olico+ LIFE07 ENV/GR/000280 PROSODOL LIFE09 ENV/SE/000352 Pure Energy Separator LIFE07 ENV/E/000787 Recyship
this is energy reduction project with WWTP on the side Maybe we can exclude it then. rejected deals with waste rejected deals with waste rejected deals with waste rejected deals with waste rejected deals with waste rejected deal with waste and discards not in MSFD rejected deal with waste and discards not in MSFD Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree
OK, agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree
not really water more waste but does mention IPPC Don't know as well rejected - about mosquito control rejected - deals with waste rejected deals with soild bioremediation rejected deals with CO2 emission trading in shipping rejected deals with waste and alternative energy rejected - deals with waste rejected deals with soil remediation no details but looks like waste project rejected deals with soil directive rejected deals with waste oil directive rejected deals with recycling ships Agree Agree
2005/32, but mentions IPPC, Climate Change and EMAS as well, agree that it is not much into
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree Agree Agree Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
Agree
LIFE09 ENV/GR/000302 SAGE10 LIFE09 ENV/NL/000427 SEWEEX LIFE09 ENV/IT/000186 Sludge's Wealth LIFE08 ENV/D/000026 Sus Treat LIFE09 ENV/ES/000447 The Green Deserts LIFE09 ENV/ES/000451 VALUVOIL
rejected deals with EIA of olive production Agree rejected deals with transfer of heat energy from sewage rejected deals with sewage sludge Agree Agree Agree Agree
rejected deals with sustainable energy Agree reinstated - may have relevance to water scarcity in WDF rejected - deals with waste Agree Agree Agree
LIFE10 ENV/ES/000471 Crops for better soil LIFE10 ENV/CY/000723 CYPADAPT LIFE10 ENV/GR/000606 ELINA LIFE10 ENV/IT/000343 GREEN SITE
rejected - deals wth soil reinstated - may have relevance to water scarcity in WDF rejected - waste oils
Agree Agree Doesn't seem very relevant. About decontamination. Some aspects dealing with wastewater quality and recovery, but seems more generally linked to ports management Agree, no directive is mentioned, sediment decontamination Agree, mostly deals with ports management and focuses on Directive on energy sufficiency 2010/31
1
need to check
1
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000324 PURA4IPM
not stated deals with Directive 2010/31/EU ossible WFD?
rejected deals with pest control Agree
Annex3
WFDAssessmentMatrix
Annex3
Characterisation of river bsins Pressures and impact analysis Typology, delineation of water bodies Economic analysis 2000/60/EC WFD
Monitoring Ecological staus of surface waters
Assessment of Status Quantitative status of groundwater Chemical status of surface waters Chemical status of groundwater
Planning Process Integrated river basin approach
Data Project score overall %age Project score (relevance to policy area) out of 6 6 6 6 3 2 4 5 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 5 6 6 5 6 4 6 5 5 2 5 Database GIS mapping/modelling
Surface waters
Year Life Code ENV and INF PROJECTS

LIFE05 ENV/DK/000155 AGWAPLAN
comments
S yes except guidelines was not possible due to delays of the final inter-calibrations of the environmental objectives in the WFD in different watercourses.
5
LIFE05 ENV/F/000058 AWARE
deals witth nitrates in agriculture
Objectives met
Programme of measures
Groundwater
Stakeholder participation
85
5
LIFE05 ENV/GR/000245 EnviFriendly
deals with reduction of pesticides
yes
85
5
LIFE05 ENV/E/000289
1 1
1 1
5 FERTIGREEN
LIFE05 ENV/UK/000126 FORMOSE
this project could be a useful case study - especially integrated management and social aspects - also has phytoremediation and 10 methods for reducing pollution deals with pollutants from greenhouses only marginall associated with WDF
yes yes but not as successful as predicted and more research necessary
85 63
5
LIFE05 ENV/E/000313 gEa
waste water clean up of formaldehyde before discharge to rivers yes technically but dissemination was poor sustainable water use through computerised irrigation system
54
5
LIFE05 ENV/B/000517 INSIMEP
yes
59
5
LIFE05 ENV/DK/000145 Odense
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LIFE05 ENV/D/000182 WAgriCo
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
The project is expected to contribute to the objectives of: th Water Framework Directive (by aiming to achieve "good" surface water and groundwater status by 2015), the Groundwater Directive (by preventing and controlling pollution through appropriate measures) and the Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control Directive (by preventing the further spread of groundwater contamination). yes Planning at river basin level - might be a good case study yes mainly deals with waste from olive industry waste water biological treatment replacement waste water treatment using membrane technology yes yes yes except dissemination was poor
85 79 69 95 59 77 87
5 PRB - AgriPoM
LIFE05 ENV/E/000292
5 OLIVEWASTE
LIFE05 ENV/IT/000868 PERBIOF
5
LIFE05 ENV/UK/000121 5 PROMOTHE MBR LIFE05 ENV/UK/000127 5 QUERCUS LIFE05 ENV/B/000510 TOPPS
1 1
1 1
5
LIFE05 ENV/E/000256 ZERO
1 1
1 1 1
improving urban rivers through stakeholder involvement yes targets agriculture sector through reducing pollution of wate by plant protection products yes ammendment of agricultural assistance programmes t support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive yes model for managing metal wastes in water yes
77 85
5 PLUS
LIFE06 ENV/IT/000255 A.S.A.P
6
LIFE06 ENV/F/000133 ArtWet
6
LIFE06 ENV/F/000132
1 1
1 1
1 1
6 CONCERT 'EAU
LIFE06 ENV/D/000461 FLOODSCAN
protocol for reducing ground water abstraction and yes - After LIFe plan has activities planned for 4 economic model re tarrifs - could be a good case study years following closure non point source pollution using phytoremediation to reduce from agriculture - technology has been successfully transferred in 2011 - different approach could be good case study yes and transfer ongoing collaborative protocol for reducing nitrates in water from agriculture no - some objectives not met also targets Flood and INSPIRE directives - flood management through mapping - could be good case study largely - transfer potential large innovative monitoring method could be interesting to know why not disseminated as widely as expected?? manly linking waste water treatment plants to improv efficiency method for assessing E coli in waste water in situ partially - method not demonstrated to the policy makers not yet finished - prolongation granted - 80% finished yes - not sure if applications transerred
82
95 62
6
LIFE06 ENV/F/000158 ISONITRATE
82
6
LIFE06 ENV/D/000478 IWPM
1 1
LIFE06 ENV/IT/000235 Kolisoon
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
51
6 6
LIFE06 ENV/F/000136 MARECLEAN
85
6
LIFE06 ENV/D/000485 Moveable HEPP
also 76/160 Bathing Water Directive - contribution to WFD partially - method demonstrated but did not in improvement of surfce water quality from diffuse sources reach all reduction targets project specificaly designed to address conflict between WFD and Renewables Directive - link with Hydro4LIFE and Netzwerk Doneau as big case study yes - evaluated as major success
54
6
LIFE06 ENV/UK/000401 MR Mo
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
97 15 79
6 ToWFO
LIFE06 ENV/B/000359
addressing water quality through managed realignment
no - no objectives met
6 MULTIBARDEM
multibarrier approach to preventing groundwater pollution yes
LIFE06 ENV/UK/000409 OpenMILIFE
6
1 1 1
LIFE07 ENV/E/000826 AQUA-
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Implementation of a computer modelling system in a integrated management approach to Water Framework Directives. treatment of polluted surface water at low cost removal of priority hazardous substances cited in WFD from WWTP
yes - project continuing to attract attention after closure Yes - project continues to progress after closure yes - further use of technology foreseen at close still open - closes 06/2012 still open - closes 06/2012 very successful and likely to be on-going
95 92 87
6 6 6
6 TREASURE
LIFE06 ENV/NL/000167 WET
6 7 PLANN PROJECT
LIFE07 ENV/EE/000122
1 1
7 BaltActHaz
LIFE 07/INF/UK/750
7 Ecoanimation
LIFE07 ENV/S/000908 GreenClimeAdapt
7
LIFE07 ENV/PL/000605 Lake
1 1
1 1
WFD, local planning strategies Addresses 3 directives plus new HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan. series of cartoons focussing on water conservation and aimed at children Focuses on climate change but also tries to achieve goo ecological status under WFD, local stakeholder particoipation and flooding modelling
WFD also, it was a good project, improving water quality
64
still open - dues to close 10/2013 yes - water quality objectives met 92 6
7 recult. in Gniezno
LIFE07 ENV/L/000540 M3
7
LIFE 07/INF/UK/932 RENEW
1 1
LIFE07 ENV/IT/000497 SALT
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Insufficient harmonisation of national implementation wit the approach of the WFD causes some problems, and the experience and outputs of the M project might be of still open - due to close 12/2012 1 interest for the working groups on the WFD deals with reduction in water and energy use waiting final report closed 12/2011 primarily climate change but also WFD through resource efficiency and reduction in ground water use waiting final report closed 12/2011 essentially a modelling project to develop a tool to assis water quality management in hilly areas still open - due to close 12/2012 Mainly targets soil directive but also aims to improve wate quality at the river basin level waiting final report closed 12/2011 Trust links with Water Framework Directive, Floods Directive and the European Policy on Water Scarcity and Drought - may be a good case study waiting final report closed 12/2011 also targets Flood directive - deals with hydromorphologica assessment of water bodies for implementing infrastructure improvements still open - due to close 12/2013 Targets Climate change but also WFD through resource efficiency WFD, water treatement plans, also linked to Floods (als targets Floods Directive) - promotes the use of SUDS urban polution arising from stor water runoff still open - due to close 12/2012
7 7
LIFE07 ENV/F/000173 SEMEAU
1 1
LIFE07 ENV/GR/000278 Soil
7 7 Sustainability(So.S)
LIFE07 ENV/IT/000475 TRUST
1 1 1
1 1
7
LIFE07 ENV/B/000038 WALPHY
7
LIFE07 ENV/E/000845 WATER CHANGE
1 1
LIFE08 ENV/E/000099 AQUAVAL
1 1 1 1
8
LIFE08 ENV/FIN/000609 CATERMASS
still open - due to close 06/2013
8
LIFE08 ENV/IT/000390 ECOMAWARU
8
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517 EH-REK
8
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000519 EKOROB
Water Framework (2000/60/EC), Flood (2007/60/EC), Habitat (92/43/EEC) and EQS (priority substances) directives - mainly to do with mapping and risk classification of acid soils still open - due to close 12/2012 improvement of water quality from waste treatment plant through phytoremediation (algae) in open and closed systems still open -due to close 02/2013 to rehabilitate reservoirs, WFD and water quality use of ecohydrology in planning the interventions - some major infrastructure - could be interesting case study still open - due to close 12/2014 Mentions the WFD, cost effective ecohydrology actions (using vegetation as a means of removing pollutants) to reduce diffuse pollution and achieve good status of water still open - due to close 12/2014 Targets pollution clean up of groundwater and possibly managed aquifer recharge to address water scarcity through model development still open due to close 03/2012 Environmental Information System for Europe (SEIS) project mentions ecological indicators of ecosystem quality still open - due to close 12/2012 Use of GIS technology to address resource efficiency in water and energy use in irrigation and reduce ferilizer and pesticide use still open - due to close 12/2012 River Basin Management Plan Project - seeks to include 1 hydro-morphology to support Biological Function in RBMPsstill open - due to close 03/2013 Minly Urban Waste water - addresses waste annd sustainable energy - improved water quality a secondary objective still open - due to close 09/2012 Ris management for pollution of groundwater. Compilation of EU-wide applicable recommendations for action for ground water risk management in urban areas linked to the activities of the WFD Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) - Working Group C activities to develop further guidance for implementation of the GWD still open - due to close 12/2014 Project to reduce energy consumption associated with irrigation and reduce water consumption (by 60%) through use of models. Resource efficiency and renewables still open - due to close 12/2012 To transform an existing network of pipelines that are currently distributing treated wastewater for irrigation, with no control, no monitoring, no pricing and no management plan, into an upgraded system that provides high quality alternative water resources for irrigation, in a sustainable manner and in accordance with the principles of the Water Framework Directive (WFD still open - due to close 06/2013
8
LIFE08 ENV/E/000117 ENSAT
8
1 1
1 1
8 EnvEurope
LIFE08 ENV/GR/000570 HydroSense
8
LIFE08 ENV/IT/000413 INHABIT
8
LIFE08 ENV/CY/000457 INTERWASTE
8
LIFE08 ENV/D/000021 MAGPlan
8
LIFE08 ENV/E/000114 POWER
8
LIFE08 ENV/GR/000551 PURE
LIFE08 ENV/IT/000406 REWETLAND
8
LIFE08 INF/IT/000308 WATACLIC
8
LIFE08 ENV/CY/000460 WATER
Encourage participatory decision making in line with the WFD as well and deal with farmers to reduce nitrates pollution - also uses constructed wetland approach still open - due to close 06/2013 not stated but deals with resource efficiency - redution in water use in Urban areas using communication and fiscal tools still open - due to close 12/2012 Preservation of good water quality status and reducing water use. Developing indicators for water quality in lakes. still open - due to close 07/2013 This is a dissemination project, dealing with WFD changing attitudes to conserve water and reduce pollution still open - due to close 12/2013 Water Emissions Inventory Planning Support System (WEISS) to support competent authorities across Europe with the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) still open - due to close 12/2012 Reducing pollution from wineries - mainly deals with pilo WWTP stilll open - due to close 10/2012 Reducing water use in greenhouses in response to climate change still open - due to close 08/2014 To develop a cost-effective, spatial tool for more efficient, sustainable, water monitoring and management, in line with WFD requirements using remote sensing approach - highly innovative and maybe worth y case study still open - due to close 09/2013 reducing nitrates from livestock production - also groundwater pollution -plans to operate at river basin scale stillopen - due to close 03/2014 Could be good example of regional and local WFD actions operating in the agro industry to reduce water use and pollution still open - due to close 06/2013 1 Nitrates mostly, groundwater and vulnerable zones. still open - due to close 02/2014 To introduce natural ecosystem structures of wetlands and riverbank forests to reduce inorganic nutrients in farming communities on regional scale still open - due to close 12/2014 Introduce, demonstrate and evaluate an array of technical and methodological innovations to improve cost efficiency o implementation of WFD and river basin management still open - due to close 09/2013 limited relevance to WDF in conservation of water examines clash between WFD and renewables still open - due to close 08/2015 still open - due to close 09/2013
8
LIFE08 INF/SK/000243 8 WATLIFE LIFE08 ENV/B/000042 WEISS
1 1 1
1 1 1
8
LIFE08 ENV/CY/000455 WINEC
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
8 9 Adapt2Change
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000456 AG_UAS
9
9
9
LIFE09 ENV/RO/000612
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
9 CLEANWATER
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000431 CREAMAgua
9
LIFE09 ENV/FI/000569 GISBLOOM
9 9 9
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000472 LOS TOLLOS LIFE09 ENV/ES/000447 The Green Deserts LIFE 09/ENV/UK/026 Hydro4LIFE
1 1 1
1 1 1
9
LIFE09 ENV/SE/000351 Mare Purum
Restoring good quality water through a series of measures connected with soil and hydrology still open - due to close 12/2014 The proposal mentions WFD, MSFD, Bathing water. It deals with measurment of marine fouling,aims toxic paint (TBT) reduction. still open - due to close 12/2014 Deals with river management using a variety of technique to establish good ecological status still open - due to close 08/2014 Deals with wter losses from reticulation systems (resource efficiency) and assocaited costs still open - due to close 08/2013 Building a newtork of river restoration projects - providin forum for exchange of knowledge and best practice - also deals with Habitats directive still open - due to close 09/2013 ultra filtration pre-treatment water technology to reduce pollution and water use
9
LIFE09 ENV/DE/000011 MY
1 1
1 1
1 1
The proposal mentions WFD,
9 FAVOURITE RIVER
LIFE09 ENV/IT/000136 PALM
9
LIFE09 INF/UK/000032 RESTORE
Agreed, no directive is mentioned specifically
9
LIFE09 ENV/ES/000467 UFTEC
9
LIFE09 ENV/FR/000593 WaterRtoM
9
LIFE09 ENV/IT/000056 WIZ
Promoting results of research to get faster feedback to inform Water policy implementation - could be a good one for case study - technically could target all areas still open - due to close 08/2013 Involving stakeholders in drinking water management. Also targets climate change directive but not sure how! still open - due to close 08/2013 new monitoring technology for 7 of WFD priority pollutants still open - due to close 02/2015 improving water quality in rivers through increasing pubic awareness - also mentions Habitat and biodiversity
9
LIFE10 ENV/ES/000521 10 AQUATIK LIFE10 INF/SI/000135 AQUAVIVA
1 1 1 1
10
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000380 AQUOR
10
LIFE10 ENV/GR/000601 CHARM
Protection of groundwater resources through stakeholder efforts - reduction in water use - establishment of GIS tool also targets Groundwater Directive still open - due to close 09/2014 Mainly cites the Groundwater Directive - programme of measures to address chromium pollution in groundwater National programme to prepare adaptation to climate change - may have relevance to water scarcity in WDF
10
LIFE10 ENV/CY/000723 CYPADAPT
10
10
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000401 ECO Courts LIFE10 ENV/DE/000158 HWC
Mainlly resource efficiency in all sectors - aim to reduce water use by 30%
Still open - due to close ??
10
LIFE10 INF/MT/000091 Investing
1 1 1
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000394 WARBO
1 1 1 1 1
Urban wastewater disposal and reduced water use through vacuum extraction and reuse of grey water + energy production - mainly resource efficiency still open - due to close 08/2016 Sustainable water use in the business sector Mainly targets Directive 2010/31/EU - some aspects dealing with wastewater quality and recovery still open - due to close 03/2014 still open - due to close 11/2015
10 in Water
10
10
LIFE10 ENV/GR/000594 WASTEREUSE
Targetting the regulation of Artificial Recharge of groundwater aquifers (a practice which is currently unregulates) in relation to water conservation and scarcity still open - due to close ?? Deals with agricultural waste, waste nutritians and agriculture and reducing water use in the sector still open - due to close 08/2015 Prototype Urban WWTP - to reduce water use and improve water quality still open - due to close 12/2015 12 20 3 2
10
LIFE10 ENV/IT/000308 WW-SIP
1 1 69
1 1 35
1 1 30
10
21
24
10
13
30
NATURE PROJECTS LIFE05 NAT/PL/000101 5 Ardmouperl LIFE05 NAT/IT/000026 Fortore 5 2005 LIFE05 NAT/DK/000153 5 Houting LIFE05 NAT/B/000090 Life 5 Grote Nete LIFE05 NAT/D/000057 Lippe5 Aue LIFE05 NAT/B/000085 Loutre 5 BeLu 2005-2006 LIFE05 NAT/UK/000143 5 STREAM LIFE06 NAT/SI/000066 6 BIOMURA LIFE06 NAT/FIN/000129 6 Kokemenjoki-LIFE LIFE06 NAT/A/000127 LIFE 6 Obere Drau II LIFE06 NAT/D/000005 LIFE6 Projekt Maifisch LIFE07 NAT/IRL/000342 7 IShannonSACLAEO LIFE07 NAT/DK/000100 7 REFLOW LIFE08 NAT/D/000013 8 Elbauen bei Vockerode 8 LIFE08 NAT/UK/000201 ISAC LIFE08 NAT/D/000010 Life 8 Projekt "Lippeaue" LIFE08/NAT/S/000266 Vindel 8 River LIFE LIFE09 NAT/ES/000514 9 MARGAL ULLA LIFE09 NAT/DE/000004 9 Rheinauen bei Rastatt LIFE10 NAT/SI/000142 10 Ljubljanica connects LIFE10 NAT/AT/000016 10 Netzwerk Donau LIFE10 NAT/DE/000008 Rur 10 und Kall LIFE10 NAT/AT/000015 10 Untere March-Auen T Total ENV/INF projects Total NAT project Total projects Total Nature Projects 23 Total Env and Inf projects 124
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
pearl mussel improving status claims to decommission 2 hydropower stations
1 1 improving status
good ecological status 1 flood protection addresses a number of directves though not stated floodplain management
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Pearl mussel/good WQ status
could expore conflict between WFD and renewable energ like HYDRO4LIFE connect to large case study
improving status
69 7 76
21 16 37
2 0 2
2 0 2
2 0 2
5 0 5
35 0 35
24 0 24
8 0 8
2 0 2
5 0 5
2 0 2
5 21 26
2 0 2
30 1 31
7 0 7
10 0 10
4 0 4
6 0 6
1 0 1
13 5 18
7 0 7
30 1 31
12 1 13
20 0 20
3 0 3
2 0 2
Typology ENV NAT Total Proje 4 0 4
Economic Impact ana Monitoring Monitoring Ecological Chemical SChemical SQuantity of StakeholdeIntegrated Data projecProgramme of Measures 6 59 10 7 7 37 14 7 20 42 23 2 0 0 0 0 21 1 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 59 10 7 28 38 14 7 25 44 23 2
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
NumberofProjects
NAT ENV
Annex4
SWOTAnalyses
Annex4
LIFE 05 ENV/B/517 INSIMEP Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters); Groundwater Directive; IPPC Directive. Strengths Weaknesses Demonstrated an alternative remediation approach: to precipitate The project did not directly affect policy, but provided a demonstration metals in situ by acceleration of biogeochemical processes that may of technology that may help to achieve WFD / groundwater directive occur naturally, and to irreversibly fix them in the soil in a form that is objectives. stable under naturally occurring groundwater conditions. The limitations of the ISBP technique are the restrictive conditions Demonstration was carried out on 3 sites in Belgium where groundwater which are mainly hydrogeological (the presence of clay lenses or low was heavily contaminated as a result of 100 years of industrial activity. permeable soil, the depth of the groundwater) or (bio) geochemical origin toxic conditions, level of groundwater contamination with heavy The strengths of the project were the different hydrogeological metals and mineral content of the aquifer). conditions at the three test sites, the combination of two different metals at each sites and the thorough use of modelling to explain the The experience with an undefined groundwater flow direction and a low results and to design a full-scale remediation. permeability due to clay lenses shows that application of ISBP is difficult in those circumstances. The technique is more sustainable than pump and treat: - No above-ground waste is being produced. The cost of applying INSIMEP is strongly site-dependent, i.e., compared - Less electricity consumed, reducing the carbon footprint. to the classical technique of pump-and-treat (P&T). The cost depends on - There is no discharge to surface water, which is important for both the availability of clean-up infrastructure already on site. If pumping the fact that no priority (hazardous) substances (like Cd) are being wells are available, a wastewater treatment plant or sludge dewatering, discharged, and that a hydraulic load to surface waters is avoided. the investment necessary for the classical P&T approach strongly - A biodegradable carbon source is being used instead of hazardous decreases. chemicals, used to treat groundwater aboveground. The economical evaluation showed that overall, ISBP is cheaper than - Lower remaining concentrations of metals will be reached at a faster pump and treat. Capital Expenses (CAPEX) related to ISBP however are time horizon more expensive than classical pump & treat. For smaller sites, this - Resources will be used more efficiently, as the injection rate can be difference becomes less. Due to the lower Operational Expenses (OPEX), modulated based on the remaining contamination. ISBP is cheaper as from a term of 10 years for big sites, with CAPEX Results of the project carry policy and legislative implications and taken fully on the account in the first year. After this break-even point, contribute to the objectives of: WFD by aiming to achieve "good" the operational cost for ISBP is 40% lower than for pump and treat. For surface water and groundwater status by 2015; the Groundwater smaller sites, ISBP is cheaper after a shorter time (taking the parameters Directive by preventing and controlling pollution through appropriate of site 1 into account for the design). measures; and the IPPC Directive by preventing the further spread of groundwater contamination. The project also contributes to the 6th EAP by increasing awareness that human health is affected by environmental problems related to water pollution and chemical contamination.
Opportunities The advantages of the ISBP technique are its economic soundness in the long-term rather than classic remedial technology, its low operational maintenance, its positive impact on the environment as well as its relatively easy implementation in terms of infrastructure works. ISBP for immobilization of metals can be applied by metal or other industry with similar contamination. The economic importance of the metal industry is clear: in Europe, Eurometaux (non-ferrous metals federation) contributes 1,1% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employs (directly and indirectly) 1.2 million people. Replication is possible, depending on nature of pollution: the project has started preparatory actions to use the in-situ method to decontaminate another site at UMICORE, the Zolder site. Furthermore, it is envisioned that the in-situ method will be used on other UMICORE sites as well.
Threats As a threat for application of ISBP, the biggest is that thorough evaluation of each site on a case-by-case basis is needed. There are technical and economical limiting factors for application of ISBP: - The presence of clay lenses or low permeable soil; - The absence of redox conditions allowing the sulphate reduction ; - The level of groundwater contamination with heavy metals; - The depth of the groundwater; - The presence of adjacent protected natural area, to which sulphate or organic carbon plumes could migrate (linked with improper design of the in-situ remediation). The presence of other contaminants than heavy metals, nonreduced/treated by ISBP; The availability of the carbon source as well as the availability of nonimpacted water to create the injection fluid. Overall economics, based on the amount of carbon source which is needed reach sulphate reducing conditions.
LIFE 05 ENV/DK/145 Odense PRB AgriPoM Policies targeted: Water Framework Directive (focusing on Articles 11 and 13, achieving the objectives specified in Article 4). Strengths Weaknesses The pilot project for river basin management planning in Odense River Could be too local, rather focuses on the Danish problems. Basin has been carried out pursuant to Articles 11 and 13 of the WFD. The project was neither supposed to involve the consultation of the The preparation of programmes of measures and river basin general public nor to have the governmental approval, but was to be an management plans aimed at achievement of the environmental essential component of in the forthcoming river basin management objectives specified in Article 4 of the WFD. plan, which, at the later stage, has went through the abovementioned This WFD-related LIFE project focused on agricultural nutrient pressure processes; ministerial approval in February 2010 and public and its impact on achieving the WFD objectives. consultations/hearing in October 2010 - March 2011. It demonstrated the development of a cost-effective programme of The project could have been in closer contact with the Commission to measures to reduce levels of nitrogen and phosphorous originating from safeguard a bit more extensive utilisation of the results. agricultural activities in the Odense river basin. No account has been taken of how the final environmental objectives It prepared a Pilot River Basin management plan, elaborated input for are to be established and to what extent the derogation provisions of the EU Strategic Steering Group, as well as demonstrated and made the Water Framework Directive are to be utilized since such decisions available the projects results to other environmental and rural relate to the environmental objectives and the resultant economic development authorities and stakeholders within the EU. consequences. The project demonstrated how the planning process required by the The role of the general public was modest during the project's duration; WFD can be carried out from the initial establishment of (provisional) the website made the link to the general public. This was by purpose environmental objectives to the calculation of how the environmental since it was well known, that the actual River Basin Management Plan objectives can be achieved most cost-effectively for the water cycle as a must be put in public hearing. whole, i.e. watercourses, lakes, mires, groundwater and coastal waters. The reduction rate of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture It provided a very cost-effective programme of measures for achieving was criticised by the farmers; the project that turned to an actual River the specified (example) environmental objectives for watercourses, Basin Management Plan, could have targeted a much quicker reduction lakes, wetlands, groundwater and coastal waters (Odense Fjord). rate at negligible economic costs. The project elaborated the different pressures on the river catchment, developed/compiled a list of cost-effective measures and made an estimate of the economic cost of these recurring measures; 12.7m p.a. All the project's essential technical and environmental components have been adopted in the Water Management Plan; in this sense the project's impact is clear and visible. A considerable synergy effect (savings of DKK 21 million) is achieved by integrated implementation of the WFD and Habitats Directive.
Opportunities The results were (successfully) consolidated in the actual Odense River Basin Management Plan. The project represents a successful example of the local cooperation and problem-solving in river basin management and is now integrated in the future institutional structure to implement the WFD. The technical part, defining the "good status" of the water body and the development of a set of measures to reach it might have systemised the beneficiary approach to the WFD implementation. There might be opportunity "sell" the overall approach. The fact that Denmark has been behind the EU stipulated time schedule in developing the River Basin Management Plans, and thus in delay in utilising the results of this LIFE project might reduce the opportunities the sell the methodology beyond Denmark and indeed there is not much indication that the results were used beyond Denmark.
Threats There is some uncertainty regarding the establishment of reference conditions, especially for lakes, it having been shown that parameter values could be elevated locally even in for example the Middle Ages. This could be due to the early impact of society or to natural conditions. In certain cases it is therefore recommended to establish site-specific criteria for good surface water status rather than type-specific criteria. For technical and economic reasons the majority of the culverted watercourses are not encompassed by the programme of measures for this plan period. The same applies to reclaimed lakes and marine waters. Based on qualitative considerations it is assessed that achievement of good surface water status in these water bodies during the present plan period would entail disproportionately high costs. The water bodies in question will thus remain as heavily modified water bodies during the present plan period and decisions on environmental objectives and associated measures will be postponed until the next plan period.
LIFE 05 ENV/GR/245 ENVI-Friendly Policies targeted: WFD and Nitrates Directive Strengths Reducing significantly nitrates, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the water of pilot areas (through phytoremediation and river bank erosion controls). Generating awareness among and synergy between local entities for a more sustainable use of water resources. Very good partnership (13 members), including most relevant local municipalities, research institutes and university, and good synergy with a private consultancy company to facilitate good project management). High commitment of regional authority for the successful completion of the project. Identification of, and dialoguing with, key local stakeholders for the elaboration of an integrated watershed management plan, with a preliminary identification of socio-economic reality. Synergies between the WFD and the Nitrates Directive and contribution to the Waste Directive (agricultural waste). Good collaboration with Greek National Authorities. The creation of monitoring network of the natural attenuation and water management. Establishment of a Local Development Observatory to ensure results effectiveness and sustainability. Opportunities Toolbox developed to be transferable to any region/area suffering from diffuse pollution originating from agricultural practices and from the emergence of the temporary river phenomenon. Transferability of a participatory approach model which emphasises the interaction with farmers and other stakeholders, and social aspects of the region aiming at the identification of the potential for changes towards sustainable management practices.
Weaknesses No weaknesses were identified by the MoT.
Threats Lack of funding for future activities and the ongoing economic crisis in Greece Farming communities not wholly engaged who see the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAFP) as their major interest.
Establishment of the Local Development Observatory, which gained official status in the last months of the project implementation, to ensure its sustainability. A new project funded for the integrated management of the Evrotas River Basin (MIRAGE - FP7). The Evrotas river basin was identified to take part in the EU Pilot River Basin (PRB)-Agriculture network. The Central Water Agency of the Ministry of the Environment in Greece (the authority responsible for the implementation of the WFD) has shown interest in transferring project results to other Greek river basins. The water unit of the regional authorities has gained strength following the implementation of the project. The project stirred interest also in other related themes in the region (e.g. fires, floods).
LIFE 05 NAT/DK/153 Houting Policies targeted: Habitats Directive (Annex I habitat 3260-watercourses characterized by Ranunculion fluitanis and Callitrico Batrachion communities and Annex II priority species Coregonus oxyrhyncus (Houting). WFD is not specifically targeted, however the project substantially contributes to meeting targets. Strengths Weaknesses The project is on course to achieve its main objectives - removing Interventions were planned at a third hydropower site, but no physical barriers in 4 river systems (ensuring access to app 117 km of agreement was reached with the owner and the action abandoned. water courses), re-establish natural hydrological regime over app 20 km of a major river (Varde) and restoration of physically degraded water courses estimated some 25 km. The project targeted the whole range of the priority species (Houting) in Denmark and the EU. Supplementary sites were restored during project duration, through national and private funds. It builds on the recommendations of National management plans for Houting and Salmon (2003). The project is expected to lead to an improved condition in 4 Danish Natura 2000 sites housing in addition to Houting a number of other Annex II species. The project will also provide a number of environmental benefits, including reduction of nutrient loads to the internationally important coastal area, the Wadden Sea and it will assist in meeting the objectives of the EU Water Framework Directive by restoring the continuity and natural water regime of 4 river systems. Areas restored so far are of good quality and methodology has proved to be efficient Engagement in international river restoration conferences. Opportunities Threats The approach of targeting whole river systems/catchment areas is Difficulties in purchasing property and water extraction rights through a reproducible, as well as the techniques used and fine-tuned during the voluntary negotiation process. project. The project will provide experience which could prove valuable for the reintroduction of the Houting in other parts of its natural distribution area, e.g. Germany and the Netherlands.
LIFE 06 ENV/B/359 MULTIBARDEM Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters); Groundwater Directive is mentioned. Strengths Weaknesses The multibarrier technology is one of the options that exist to improve A demonstration of technology took place that can contribute to water quality (groundwater & surface water) in river basins across removing pollutants from leachate there is a clear connection with Europe. policy but it does not affect policy directly. In many cases polluted groundwater contains a mixture of both organic At a short term, multibarriers are more expensive due to higher and inorganic contaminants. The abatement of such pollutant mixtures installation costs, but at the longer term they become economically is not possible with a simple barrier/zone based on removal of the more favourable than conventional pump & treat technologies. pollutants by either physico-chemical or biological processes. However, In general, it may be assumed that site characterization, design and such pollutant mixtures might be treated using a combination of contingency planning costs will be higher for a multibarrier than for P&T, different reactive barriers/zones. Such a combination is defined as a whereas operational costs will be lower. Multifunctional Permeable Barrier (multibarrier). A multibarrier is a The MULTIBARRIER technology is tailor made, and is dependent on the sustainable in-situ passive solution to contain and treat contaminated pollution present and the hydrogeological situation. groundwater. It consists of a tailor-made combination of different types of permeable reactive barriers and reactive zones in which pollutant removal processes are active. The groundwater flows through the system during which the pollutants are degraded or immobilized. As such multibarriers prevent further spreading of the pollution to the downstream area. The project aimed at the demonstrating a multibarrier as a sustainable solution for preventing mixed contaminants spreading in groundwater. It demonstrated the multibarrier concepts at two different locations with different geological situations (a Landfill site and an Industrial site). For both locations hydrogeological and chemical data were collected and reported, to determine the kind of problem pollutants. In total 3 pilot tests were performed. The direct environmental benefit of the multibarrier system is the containment of pollutants in the groundwater, hereby preventing further spreading of the contaminated groundwater. Cost estimations revealed a decreased cost for electricity of 3 to 4 times for a multibarrier system in comparison with a pump and treat approach for treatment of leachate containing groundwater.
Opportunities Multibarrier was demonstrated in Belgium and Austria and can be replicated for treating leachate anywhere. The multibarrier concepts can be worked out for different pollution compositions and different geological situation. Highly innovative project with a high relevance for environmental issues / policy areas - i.e. the implementation of the WFD. Estimation of the long-term cost savings & business opportunities related with the multibarrier technology was part of the cost-benefit analyses that were made. Extrapolation of the Belgian multibarrier case to a full scale system was made and compared with a pump and treat technology. For this hypothetical case, a multibarrier became costefficient after approximately 8 years of operation. A similar exercise was made for the Austrian multibarrier. Here the multibarrier became cost efficient after 7 years of operation. The multibarrier technology is expected to have a positive influence on health, by protecting groundwater from pollution. The processes demonstrated in the multibarriers designed in this project are innovative: demonstration of classical biological nitrification/denitrification under in situ conditions (12C) the use of grape mark as slow release C-source in a barrier the use of zeolites as an in-situ buffer with potential for autoregeneration in place use of cheap diffusive oxygen supply systems.
Threats Construction costs depend highly on the type of multibarrier installed (reactive barriers vs reactive zones), and may be either higher or lower than for P&T. However, much depends on the long term performance of multibarriers and potential need for replacement of reactive materials. This remains as yet a major unknown. Application of multibarriers will likely be slow in the near future, due to the current uncertainty regarding long term performance. Authorities will therefore probably require more stringent monitoring and contingency planning than for conventional techniques. For successful realisation of multibarriers, a close collaboration is needed between applied scientists, consultants and contractors.
LIFE 06 ENV/D/461 FLOODSCAN Policies targeted: Floods Directive; Water Framework Directive; INSPIRE Directive. Strengths Weaknesses The project significantly contributes to the implementation of the Flood Local scale demonstration no national representation in partnership Directive, mainly by demonstrating the optimised and cost effective (up (although neighbouring federal state was engaged with and application to 60 % savings) processing of data and hydraulic modelling of rivers across Germany through LAWA (German Working Group on water issues subject to risk of flooding. of the Federal States and the Federal Government was explored) The project demonstrated clear added value with regards to the Not very diverse international engagement (nothing outside of cooperation between water management and land surveying immediate Alpine/German speaking neighbours and Poland) authorities. Delays were experienced in the area of hydraulic modelling, which did Better flood risk communication enables information of the public in not diminish the overall project results, but lead to a slightly reduced areas at risk about flood hazards and risks at minimal cost. This also level of reliability and validity of modelling leads to higher acceptance for flood protection measures as well as The method is generally applicable in areas and regions outside the Alps. increased willingness to take individual precautions. It is yet to be examined whether it is suitable for the particular The dissemination and communication activities were implemented well conditions in the Alps (supercritical flow, excessive bed load). Opportunities Threats Task 8 Action 1 applied cooperation projects at national and As a basis for large-scale implementation it was intended to compile the international level (Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia, Poland). Several numerous working documents into a technical handbook providing workshops were held. Suggests that the approach can be transferred on instructions to third parties regarding the processing of basic data as national and international scale, the main precondition being the well as the modelling of flood hazard maps. This process was started availability of hydraulic and geographic data. during the project period, but could not be finalised due to delays. The beneficiary sought additional internal funding to complete this but if The project provides instruments to water management authorities funding was not found then this would pose a significant threat to which can be used for communication with the public in areas at flood transferability of the methodology developed. risk and only require minor adjustments to the local situation. The experiences with laser scan data in the area of flood risk management can be transferred to other sectors such as forestry. Also within the sector of water management replicability is high. The data thinning software is readily available on the market. FloodScan methodology is available at no cost through project website. The demonstration of the practicability of splitting frontend and backend (of the web-mapping tool) means significant progress in the implementation of the INSPIRE directive.
LIFE 06 ENV/D/485 Moveable HEPP Policies targeted: No policies specifically targeted. However project relates to Renewables Directive and Water Framework Directive. Strengths Weaknesses Committed beneficiary and partner - to solve competition and legal Project design - (minor weakness) Prolongation for 9 months required, problems, they founded a new company for the project. in order to allow for meaningful bio-monitoring after the implementation of the power plants. Economic factors driving ecological improvements - the incentive of the beneficiaries was to produce electricity and not to save the salmon. But Dissemination (minor weakness) projects dissemination efforts without saving the salmon they would have not been allowed to seemed to be focussed in Germany less evidence of EU wide produce electricity. dissemination (although projects in Austria and Netherlands demonstrate awareness outside of Germany). Multiple benefits across different policy areas - this new system showed that the ecological aspects of the re-establishment of fish passability and bed load transport can be combined with economic aspects, an improvement of the efficiency of hydropower plants and improvements in flood safety/control. Meeting policy objectives on local/regional/EU/global scale Technology guarantees the fish passability thus directly fulfilling the goals of the Rhine Action Programme, Salmon 2000 and Rhine 2020. Development of low carbon technology will help to meet Renewables Directive targets and the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. Opportunities Threats Good potential for transferability - the approach is independent from Local policy makers/regulators perceptions of hydropower - Potential national/regional aspects. It merely depends on the size and shape of a for the continued resistance of local regulatory authorities to facilitating river. There are 100s of small weirs in Europe that may be suitable for the development of hydropower vs requirements of WFD. this technology. So whilst large scale hydropower dams may no longer be suitable (or viable under WFD), increased numbers of smaller hydropower plants requiring little river diversion could be realised. Influence local policy makers/regulators perceptions of hydropower Proves that ecological benefits (WFD) and the economic operation of a hydropower plant (RD) are not contradictory. Promising market uptake - interest from potential buyers of the technology is high. Further plants are planned in The Netherlands (2 x 800 kW), Austria (7 x 650 kW, 12 x 1,300 kW each) and Germany (600 kW and 1,250 kW). Feasibility studies running for 80 plants in Africa.
LIFE 06 ENV/DK/229 TREASURE Policies targeted: WFD (improving water quality in surface waters) Strengths Successfully demonstrated robust, efficient and simple technologies for removal of pollutants from storm water runoff. Different technologies for extended treatment of storm-water runoff from small, medium sized and large catchments are demonstrated. Treatment facilities were constructed as natural and recreational elements on the form of semi-natural lakes that in a positive way contributes to an improved urban environment. The project demonstrates how storm-water in the future can be treated and discharged to sensitive waters without causing ecological and recreational deterioration. A practical project implementing policy. Opportunities 1-years of monitoring and verification under variable climate conditions make it possible to transfer the technology to a range of European climate conditions. Two other projects in Denmark funded using results from project. The technology can also be applied for related purposes such as treating drinking water polluted with for example arsenic or heavy metals or treatment of phosphorous polluted surface waters.
Weaknesses Local scale demonstration no national representation in partnership. Project scope quite narrow/limited and restricted to Denmark. Expensive option can only be afforded by water companies/local authorities with good cash resources works well for Denmark but elsewhere? Requires extensive background investigations. The very clear, concrete and well programmed technical implementation overshadowed the policy related thinking.
Threats Needs follow up (monitoring) which requires continued financing otherwise results might not be effective. Transferability depends on ability (and desire) of project team to sell technology elsewhere.
LIFE 06 ENV/F/133 ArtWet Policies targeted: WFD (improving surface water quality (chemical)); drinking waters and nitrates in agriculture also mentioned. Strengths Weaknesses Identified constraints in setting up artificial wetlands in current legal Cost of land may be a considerable issue location has to be carefully framework in 3 different countries (see also threats) chosen to meet hydrological requirements therefore land may need to be purchased if good agricultural land could be 100,000/ha which Delivered several (11) prototype constructed wetlands in 4 different makes the solution prohibitively expensive countries (high demonstration value) No institutional partners or national policy makers legal status of Effectively addressed some of the issues associated with non-point newly set up wetlands is uncertain widescale implementation? source pollution from agriculture and storm water run off Technologies were only prototype and no evidence that the technology Very good technical guide produced allowing technical reproducibility can be easily reproduced by inexperienced team especially as product (see also weakness) intended for farm scale implementation Very good non-technical guide covering policy and cost implications Not clear how technology could be disseminated on a large scale post Relatively cheap to construct 10,000 average (but see weaknesses) project Opportunities Threats Technical guide can be readily transferred to other locations for small Different countries have different planning and financing requirements scale implementation also different interpretation of Directives Possible opportunities lie with the CAP to compensate farmers for loss Artificial wetlands are not the be all and end all must be combined of income (see weaknesses) but not in all countries with good land management as well otherwise results will not be as effective Intended for use at the local (farm) scale but would require a huge dissemination programme to make it more widely available The ArtWet project showed that a harmonisation of the European legislation would be needed to make the setting up of constructed wetlands easier
LIFE 06 ENV IT 235 Kolisoon Policies targeted: WFD (monitoring surface water); bathing waters and groundwater also mentioned. Strengths Weaknesses Rapid assessment of fecal pollution High capital cost for equipment Reduced consumption and use of disinfectants Subject to mechanical malfunctions/requires maintenance Early warning of treatment process malfunctions Indirect measurement Early warning and prevention of health hazard Not recognized officially, to be used for self-control activities On line monitoring of bathing waters and re-used wastewater Requires calibration No need for workforce - fully automated on-line (remote control ready) Prototype only would need significant investment to fully commercialise device (project had small budget) Low cost of analysis per sample 2-3 per sample No institutional partners to translate results into policy feedback Opportunities Market replication of Kolisoon device possible (but see weaknesses) Growth of the microbiological market Possible feed into the revision of the Bathing Water Directive Threats Other detection methods/automated equipment may be hitting the market place Project partners need to maintain collaboration to bring to commercialisation No uniformity across countries for standards and methods of testing
LIFE 06 ENV/IT/255 A.S.A.P Policies targeted: No specific policy area targeted but relates to WFD (mismanagement of water resources). Strengths Weaknesses Project achieved its objectives of reduced groundwater abstraction by Local scale only with only regional impacts 10% (achieved 11%) and reduced system losses from leaks by 10% Dissemination very Italy/Tuscany centric (some in Spain) (achieved 15%). As a result, the negative drawdown trend of the The protocol cannot be regarded as a solution to the original cause of piezometric level was reversed with an average build-up of + 0.3m from network losses and consequent depletion of water resources: the aging 2005 to 2008 and peaks ranging from 0.5m to 1m. of pipeline infrastructure (see threats) Energy consumption from pumping were reduced by 10%. Lots of mentions of improved water quality (reduced risk of pollution Financial resources for bulk reconstruction and/or rehabilitation of from over abstraction) but no monitoring project dealt only with water networks are seldom available. More often annual allocations availability, not quality could be argued as a weakness. suffice just for maintenance plus a limited quota for ongoing rehabilitation. The protocol translates even limited resources into effective action plans for efficient abstraction and leakage cut-down. The ASAP Protocol raised remarkable interest among (local/regional) public administrators involved in the water management. It was included in the White Paper "A Strategy for Water Supply in Tuscany". The ASAP model has been replicated already: the water utility of the Fiora Aqueduct (Toscana Region) has adopted the ASAP approach. Opportunities Methodology outlined in protocol is readily transferable throughout Europe (especially Mediterranean coastal areas). One of the main challenges to be addressed in the coming years is ineffective water pricing policies which generally do not reflect the level of sensitivity of water resources. The way forward is putting in place water tariffs based on a consistent economic assessment of water uses and water value, with adequate incentives to use water resources efficiently and an adequate contribution of the different water users to the recovery of the costs of water services. The application of the ASAP protocol may bring about relevant benefits (increasing the life of infrastructure, reduce maintenance costs of facilities, reducing mean time between failures, reducing mean time to restore). Threats Limiting factor for the uptake of the protocol elsewhere is the lack of investment available for the renovation of network pipelines (despite the benefits of the protocol (see strengths point 3).
LIFE 06 ENV/NL/167 WET Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters); waste water and bathing water also mentioned. Strengths Weaknesses Achieving the quality standards included in the WFD for WWTP effluent Being performed at local scales at the time of the project period but that needs to be achieved by 2015. As investments in additional could still be widened further. treatment steps were necessary, the project provided insight in all measures that are necessary to achieve these standards. The technology proposed in the project (additional treatment steps for the WWTP effluent) is very innovative - especially the Advanced Oxidation Processes that are tested in the second research phase - and was not used in any municipal WWTP before. Established an installation of a water treatment facility in Leiden that can achieve the WFD values for nitrate and phosphate even with the single filter set-up, which would lead to considerably lower costs than the set-up with separate filters for N and P removal. The use of Advanced Oxidation Processes resulted in a reduction of medical remnants and pesticides by at least more than 70% and in a disinfection level up to the hygienic limits set for in the BW Directive. The project demonstrated that heavy metals can be removed and additional removal of organic micro-pollutants and suspended solids can be achieved using the same combination of techniques. The project demonstrated that the further systematic removal of nitrogen (to below 2.2 mg N/l) and phosphorus (to below 0.15 mg P/l) is feasible, including at higher filtration speeds (up to 20 m/h). It is important that the main treatment (which precedes sand filtration) also works well. No clear distinction could be demonstrated between the removal performances of the single and the two-filter concepts. The study has shown that the combination of the two processes in a single filtration step is quite possible. The single-filter concept can be used both in a continuous sand filter and in a double-layer fixed-bed filter. As one would expect, the possibility of combining the two processes in a single filtration step yields considerable cost savings (about 50%) compared with the two-filter concept.
Opportunities Results are replicated by other Water Boards in the Netherlands, at the time of the FR, the technology demonstrated in the project had already been used by the beneficiary at two other WWTP's (Leiden Noord and Alphen Noord). Further use of the technology is foreseen at other locations of the beneficiary and by other water management bodies. Highly innovative project with a high relevance for environmental issues/policy areas - i.e. the implementation of the WFD. The study that the project prepared has yielded a lot of new information and experience with regard to the further removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and other relevant contaminants using subsequent treatment techniques. Most of the research results can be translated directly to other wastewater treatment plants in the Netherlands and other European countries.
Threats No apparent threats, WFD standards have to be met and this is a sound way of achieving this.
LIFE 06 NAT/P/192 Biomares Policies targeted: Marine Strategy Framework Directive (Marine Protected Areas) Strengths Weaknesses Information gathered emphasised importance of the marine park. Lack of a professional Marine Park communication strategy. Increased knowledge of the biotopes of the marine park and its Lack of social-economic impact evaluation. vulnerability. Lack of information on the impact of the protection regulation on First signs of the reserve effect. adjacent marine habitats/species. Increased public involvement and awareness of the marine park Unable to compare all the factors prior to the creation of the marine existence. park. National seagrass status conservation awareness Lack of oceanographic information and water quality at local scale. Opportunities Lack of a professional Marine Park communication strategy. Lack of social-economic impact evaluation. Lack of information on the impact of the protection regulation on adjacent marine habitats/species. Unable to compare all the factors prior to the creation of the marine park. Lack of oceanographic information and water quality at local scale. Threats Furtive/illegal fishing. Lack of marine park surveillance. Funding discontinuities for monitoring. Changing of politics/ discontinuity of political support to Marine Protected Areas. Natural catastrophes/increasing of extreme events (floods, warmer seawater etc.)
LIFE 07 ENV/B/038 WALPHY Policies targeted: WFD; Floods Directive. Strengths The project directly responds to the WFD (Water Framework Directive) requirements by : - undertaking work to maintain or recover the good ecological status of two water bodies - proposing tools to expand the experience to other water bodies - giving a tool to evaluate preliminary the relevance and efficiency of management measures - being based uppermost on existing and available data and information The project is part of a regional (Wallonia) plan to implement the WFD it builds on work already carried out and ecological monitoring at the restored sites will continue after the LIFE project. Project has benefits in terms of the Habitats Directive (improving conditions for Atlantic salmon, sea trout, eels etc.) As a result of the communication strategy most of the works were implemented in a positive context and all the necessary permits were granted in the normal time frame without major modifications or requests from stakeholders. In only 3 locations did stakeholder consultation lead to the postponement of the works Opportunities Demonstration of hydropower working alongside the WFD. Most of the owners of dams are not ready to accept the simple removal of the dams as they are thinking about the establishment of mini hydroelectric power plants to produce green electricity (in the overall context of high energy costs and climate change). In these cases the project has considered/implemented alternatives to dam removal (bypass river or a fish ladder).
Weaknesses The project does not implement actions towards farmers in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus release from farmland into surface waters (however this should be dealt with by a different department within the regional administration. Regional beneficiaries potentially little in the way of dissemination outside of region.
Threats An important aspect for the implementation of the project is the continuous contact with the provincial authorities: the Provinces are responsible for the management of some categories of rivers and also for the granting of the compulsory authorisations. Conflicts with land owners (one particular case where a land owner wrote to the EC complaining about restoration measures)
LIFE 07 ENV/IT/475 TRUST Policies targeted: WFD (quality and quantity of groundwater); Floods Directive and water scarcity also mentioned; data meets INSPIRE requirements. Strengths Weaknesses Climate change scenarios that supply the temporal series of High cost of delivery precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration for the 21st century Highly technical implementation involving GIS, modelling and remote that will affect the hydrological balance in the study area sensing technology transferred via workshops within the project but Remote sensing techniques based on the elaboration of satellite images question how this might be delivered in sustainable way for technology to determine the water deficit for irrigation of summer crops transfer Mathematical models of the hydrologic basins and groundwater in the Web GIS on website currently closed to non-subscribers study area to establish how the hydro-geology will evolve in Maintenance of national and European stakeholders network for consideration of climate change and determine appropriate measures sustainable management of groundwater (including managed aquifer recharge) to ensure sustainability of groundwater resources. Opportunities Threats The applicability of the TRUST methodology by other national and The primary constraint for the implementation of TRUST is the European stakeholders to improve their groundwater management in availability of data. consideration of future climate change scenarios. Difficulty in reaching consensus amongst the many stakeholders for the Sharing of information with regional stakeholders by means of the acceptance of artificial aquifer recharge. Artificial aquifer recharge will Technical Committee that meets periodically and shares information have to compete against other economic activities that use water and about the project through the Web-GIS. This collaborative approach can land resources (excavation sites, flood protection, etc). be exported to other realities; The political agenda, rather than artificial aquifer recharge, may gain Sharing of project results (e.g. through the web site). The project area is greater support as adaptation measures. Not a project risk but extremely complex from the hydro-geological and water management potentially a risk for wider application perspectives as it gathers a wide variety of water uses (irrigation, Difficulties in collaborating with stakeholders. hydropower generation, potable, industrial); therefore project results will find a wide application in many other situations. Sharing of project data and lessons learnt. The project consortium is committed to inform about the project advancement, the data collection and experiences which can be useful to other stakeholders dealing with groundwater management. At a national scale approximately 70 organisations will be made aware of the results.
LIFE 07 ENV/L/540 M3 Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters). Strengths The project mainly works on monitoring and modelling of water quality and reporting for the Water Framework Directive. Water quality models based on real monitoring results are used for estimating the impact of new measures or additional loads on water quality of the water courses; the objective is to create a planning tool. The most important legislation implication is the link to the Water Framework Directive; the project works on monitoring, modelling and management of water basins in the sense of the WFD. The beneficiary identified some incoherence between national water monitoring (substances monitored, priority substances) and the requirements of the WFD; the project team participates also to the WFD working groups in order to address this issue. The M3 project has analysed current monitoring efforts in the 3 partner regions in the light of their pertinence towards pressure identification and quantification in view of the evaluation of successful Programs of Measures (POM). The main outcomes were that regulators and river basin managers are rather sticking to a threshold motivated monitoring than a monitoring aiming at improving process understanding and source allocation/quantification. The latter are however the prerequisite to initiate successful POM. Monitoring campaigns are needed to confirm the magnitude of a certain pressure, i.e. via the calculation of river loads or the estimation of exposure. The project is now focusing on the following aspects: - Ability to sample exposure (emission situation) in an integrated way - Quantify ecosystem metrics (metabolism, transient storage) - Serve as water quality model validation dataset - Quantify loads of dynamic components - Circumvent problems related to limits of detection and spatial
Weaknesses Some weakness in the monitoring system of the water courses. Insufficient harmonisation of national implementation with the approach of the WFD causes some problems. The project does not develop specific national or regional approaches; it rather builds on existing regional approaches and develops these further.
representativeness The technical capacity of the partner Erftverband is strength because it has a very extensive and advanced monitoring and modelling programme and also a long-term database. The project focuses on middle and small watercourses, which are much more sensitive to peak loads and other interferences than large ones. Strength is the commitment; both the beneficiary and the partner assign sufficient qualified personnel and have the necessary scientific background to do their work competently. Threats No eminent threats are foreseen.
Opportunities The M project assesses the applicability of different, standard and custom tailored water emission and emission modelling systems in different water basins. Since water modelling is not very streamlined throughout Europe - some member states, regions or water boards applying their own modelling approach, others simply ignoring water quality modelling -, the results of the project might be very interesting in terms of transferability. An opportunity is that the project provides enough data and evaluation regarding the inclusion of pharmaceutical substances as priority substances in the WFD. The M3 project will use existing tools and test them in the field with monitoring data of variable density in catchments of different scale and pollutant load. The chosen river basins are subject to different environmental pressures, are located in three different Member States with differing programs of measures and are covered by distinct monitoring programs. In this way, reliability of model predictions for different program of measures will be demonstrated and it will be shown that the concept is applicable in different Member States and within different river basins.
LIFE 07 ENV/NL/576 PHARMAFILTER Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters); waste water and bathing water also mentioned. Strengths Weaknesses The project contributes directly to a number of actions specified in the The operation of Pharmafilter is still to be fine-tuned; the project is onWFD: the reduction of water pollution as a result of urban waste water going. treatment and the improvement of surface water quality by providing a cost effective measure for waste water treatment. In addition, the project contributes to the 6th environmental action plan: the protection of natural systems; reduction of carbon footprint; and higher level of the living environment. It provides very innovative new methods to treat hospital waste water. Independent qualified laboratory research has proved that Pharmafilter removes medicines, germs, cytostatica, rntgen contrast liquids and hormone disturbing substances from the water. Pharmafilter IP uses different purification steps to eradicate and clean the waste water of medicines. The PHARMAFILTER concept aims at processing solid organic waste and waste water in a hospital environment in an innovative integral manner and will lead to the recycling of components and production of energy. The Pharmafilter unit that was set up by the project (a mobile unit outside of the hospital that treats hospital waste water and organic waste) is since November 2010 processing all waste water (with human faeces) from building H in the hospital (that constitutes about half of the RdGG hospital). Furthermore since January 2011 the installation has started to process some organic waste (bed pans, kitchen wastes, etc) from one of the grinders that has been connected to the Pharmafilter unit. A second grinder has been installed in March 2011 and another 18 grinders were installed in the period up to September 2011. The Pharmafilter is currently removing medicinal residues from the waste water and is generating and using a substantial amount of its own energy (60 -70% of energy used by the Pharmafilter is currently being developed by the unit itself through the use of methane) two key objectives of the project. The beneficiary showed the numerous steps
that the hospital waste must go through to be processed and treated by the Pharmafilter. The end result is clean, purified water (including disinfection through ozone) which at the final stage is apparently clean enough to drink. The organic material, including the bio-plastic products is digested and the total mass is reduced by 90% in mass. The digestion process converts the sol id mater into biogas. This biogas is used for heating up the digesters and delivers power to the water purification plant. Digestion process eliminates viruses and bacteria. Digestion of the waste requires fewer trucks to transport the waste away. The remaining waste will be recycled or turned into a second source of energy. This in today terms diverts waste from landfill and makes for the most efficient use of this waste by generating energy. The costs prepared by the project show an up to a 90% kitchen waste cost savings and up to 50% savings in hospitals. Threats The project had to ask for prolongation due to a technical problem of setting up the grinder and related overflow which caused delay in implementation. Attention is needed when staff place the bio-disposables in the grinder.
Opportunities The results can in principle be replicated by any hospital. Highly innovative project with a high relevance for environmental issues/policy areas - i.e. the implementation of the WFD. Pharmafilter has been patented as concept and working method. This project aims to demonstrate a new concept that: - Addresses successfully a serious environmental problem: contamination of surface water by endocrine disruptors, personal care products and medical remnants - Offers an cost effective alternative at the source, thus creating a win-win situation for environment and hospital - Is attractive to the direct involved staff, since it offers significant advantages in terms of better working conditions and a significant decrease of risk of contagion. - Will proof to be economical attractive in the long term - Can be applied to both existing buildings as in new to build buildings for public health care purposes.
LIFE 07 ENV/PL/605 Lake recult. in Gnieno Policies targeted: Water Framework Directive (water quality) Strengths The improvement of water quality in the Jelonek and Winiary lakes. Conducted activities have also contributed to the development of macrophytes in the lakes. As a result of conducted activities macrophytes in the lake have been intensively developing in a natural way and it improved water quality. The biotope quality improvement and biocenosis in lakes environment revived thanks of the macrophytes plantation and reconstruction of fish stock. It reduced the blue-green algae blooming and limited share of algae in the phytoplankton. Thanks to strengthening of the selfregulation mechanism in the lakes it will influence on the further improvement of their quality. Inventory of the sources of contamination of the lakes and the level of the pollutant load discharged to them. The project helped to fulfil the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. The Directive is aimed e.g. to protect inland resources of surface water with the postulated strategic objective of reaching "good ecological condition of water". Currently the quality of water in the Gniezno's lakes can be considered as in a good ecological condition. Besides its environmental component, the project has a strong socioeconomic component since it support a recreational use of the lakes. Winiary Lake is used by the inhabitants of Gniezno as swimming place and it is very popular area for the local citizens during the summer weekends. The Jelonek Lake and park in its vicinity is the place of rest during the week and weekends. The results of the project not only enhance this function, but also reduce the need to travel to other weekend recreation destinations. Permanent monitoring and active conservation measures: - Seasonal elimination of reeds from the area of inflow to the Jelonek lake, which will take the biogenous stored in the reeds out in the lake;
Weaknesses Major difficulties for the project were connected to the weather conditions. Weather pattern in 2009 was different than usual, which meant that some of the activities planned for the first half of the year could not be made in due (planned) time. This indicates that weather conditions should be taken into account it the projects of this type (which include physical field works, biological manipulation).
Control of the fish stock, control catch of the selected fish species, which will ensure a wide diversity of fish species; Controlled mowing of water plants from the sites around the lakes devoted to recreation; Control of macrophytes and their plantation if needed; Campaign to prevent feeding of aquatic birds. Threats Breakdown failure or illegal discharge of sewage into Gnieniejskiej Struga from which the pollution flows to the lakes. Repeat significant deterioration of water quality could cause that it will not be funds for cleaning up the lakes. This will lead to inhibition of self-purification processes and, in consequence, to further decrease of water condition. If the water quality deteriorates, protection activities might not be taken.
Opportunities Implementation of the project will assist in protection of water not only in lakes but through the river also in Drainage Basin of Odra River with its outflow to Baltic Sea. The applied method of lake rehabilitation - inactivation of phosphorus in bottom sediment is a new method of lake protection. It can be used in most of the cities in Europe where lake eutrophication is the main problem of their degradation. Rehabilitation of lakes by inactivation of phosphorus in bottom sediments represents ideal applicable method in case of municipal lakes. It helps to avoid sediment storage and odours emission which are very often during lake dredging. All recultivation procedures are performed from the water surface, posing no risk for the environment or biological life. The method does not require additional area around the lake surface. It is relatively cheap method and helps to reach progress in the short time. The project in Gniezno shown that the positive results can be obtained even in the case of lakes in very bed condition. The method can be particularly recommended for shallow lakes. Because the project reached most of the expected results and the quality of water improved substantially, it has high demonstration value as an effective method of lake rehabilitation.
LIFE 07 ENV/UK/943 PISCES Policies targeted: Marine Strategy Framework Directive Strengths Generating interest and understanding of the concepts of ecosystem based approaches in a wide and diverse range of stakeholder groups Working with committed stakeholders to produce guidelines for implementing ecosystems approach Strong links developed with European Coordinating Group for Marine Strategy (ECGMS) for all member states Strong links with relevant country Marine Strategy Groups (MSGs) responsible for implementing MSFD nationally Identification of, and engagement with, key policy stakeholders Synergies (and conflicts) with DG ENV and DG MARES policies Links made with other Regional/Local programmes e.g. Baltic Seas Regional Programme Regular contact with EC FP7 - Making the European Fisheries Ecosystem Plan Operational (MEFEPO) and MESMA (marine Spatial Planning in the EU). PISCES PM also on the Advisory Panel for the KnowSeas project. Opportunities Guidelines developed to be transferable to any region/sea area North Sea Commission wants to adopt PISCES stakeholder model for Northern North Sea (funded by INTERREG) Two new projects identified for engagement Channel Arc Manche Integrated Strategy (CAMIS) and Options for Delivering Ecosystems Based Marine Management (ODEMM). Interest generated at MS level through the ECGMS Need to align MSFD with CFP because MSFD will be regulated by CFP Dissemination of guidelines through ECGMS and related policy groups potential transferability significant potential impact significant
Weaknesses Balancing national representation within the Celtic Sea Region has been difficult main stakeholders initially from UK but other countries better represented towards end of project Engaging with the fishing community has proved exceptionally difficult lack of input from major group could undermine effectiveness of guidelines
Threats Fishing communities not wholly engaged (especially industrial fishermen) who see the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) as their major interest. Potential mismatch between the MSFD and the Integrated Marine Policy MSFD implementation at different stages in different countries UK well ahead of France, Ireland and Spain - Spain focussing on data collection MSFD implementation different in different countries Spain (and probably France) will adopt a regional approach implemented through Regional Councils rather than national approach could lead to differences in interpretation Potential confusion amongst stakeholders with so many similar projects Implementation of MSFD in other sea regions which do not include MS could be problematic for wider implementation
LIFE 08 ENV/E/099 AQUAVAL Policies targeted: WFD; urban water pollution. Strengths The principle of dealing with surface water run-off at source has now been taken to heart in the development and redevelopment of surface run-off systems in many parts of the globe, but there is lack of experience in Southern European countries. In this regard, AQUAVAL aims to extend the use of SUDS to regions where they are not current practice, such as Spain, and in particular to the province of Valencia, with the collaboration of SUDS experts from the University of Abertay (Dundee, Scotland) Climate change scenarios used to predict future capacity requirements (adaptation to climate change in line with EU policy). The fact that Diputacin Provincial de Valencia participates as a cofinancer in the AQUAVAL project highlights its interest for the issue, and brings in a public body very well positioned to disseminate AQUAVAL progress and results, and promote the wider use of SUDS within the region (However, Diputacin Provincial de Valencia has no influence on making SUDs a legal requirement (see weakness point 2)). Opportunities Potential benefits to the local area other than improved water quality (economic advantages of use of grey water, reduction in urban-heat island affect (positive impacts for human health) and living roofs supporting biodiversity) The incorporation of the use of SUDS in urban planning requirements for new developments as a consequence of the results obtained from the project. The promotion of the use of these techniques and strategies between architects and engineers, ultimately responsible for its incorporation in urban designs. SUDS can partially alleviate the low capacity of the existing sewage networks, which havent been properly adapted to recent urban growth.
Weaknesses The positive results of these kind of strategies are difficult to show up at this small pilot scale Local and regional legislation does not enforce the incorporation of these strategies in urban planning projects (although see opportunities point 2). Difficulties in quantifying the savings generated by these strategies (in waste water treatment plants a result of reduction of water flows or environmental benefits by reductions of waste water run offs) Urban planners and designers do not know these techniques and they are not included in the design of the standards.
Threats Financing difficulties in local entities make these kind of projects (SUDS in general) something difficult to afford and could threaten the future maintenance of the pilot sites. Great variability on local weather conditions, which make the specification of these facilities very difficult. Climate change is making existing historical weather data useless in some cases of very extreme events (they seem to be more frequent now) The sewage networks have not been adapted to cope with high levels of urban growth of recent years, which aggravate run off episodes, which creates an opportunity.
LIFE 08 ENV/GR/551 PURE Policies targeted: Water Framework Directive; Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive Strengths Weaknesses The upgraded Waste Water Treatment Unit (WWTU) that will be The WFD and UWWTD are clearly stated in the proposal but their link to constructed by the project is not only a demonstration action for others, the project activities is not clearly articulated. but a permanent investment, the continued use of which is secured Despite excellent dissemination at a national level in Greece and some after LIFE. dissemination in Cyprus, little international dissemination (either in Project has been very active in raising awareness of the local target Southern Europe or non-EU semi-arid regions as mentioned in the groups (farmers, tourists, local communities) through a range of proposal). interactive means. Opportunities Threats A new Joint Ministerial Decision on wastewater reuse, was issued in The administrative reform Kallikratis led to delays in the April 2011 (MoT considers that this development is not due to the announcement of the tenders for upgrading the WWTU and has projects lobbying efforts, but is not certain). Nevertheless the increased bureaucracy especially with respect to the approval of beneficiary has indicated that since the issue of the JMD there has been expenses, while hiring of personnel is next to impossible. a growing interest of Municipal Enterprises for Water & Wastewater An important threat to the projects replication in other Municipal across the country on the project. The beneficiary has been advised (in Enterprises for Water & Wastewater in Greece in the future is the the latest EC letter) to discuss the implications of this JMD and indicate financial crisis. how the project will capitalise on this opportunity for the dissemination Potential for strong opposition from end users to pay a specific price (or and demonstration of the project's methods and results to the relevant any price) for the wastewater. May threaten the long-term economic stakeholders. So the project does have the potential to be replicated on viability of the upgraded water distribution system, but also the a wider scale in Greece (provided funds are available). potential replication of the approach. The administrative reform Kallikratis that came into effect in Greece as of 01/01/11 and as a result of which the Municipal Enterprise for Water & Wastewater of Chersonissos (MEWWC), was unified with the Municipal Enterprise for Water & Wastewater of Malia (MEWWM). The unification of the two enterprises is an opportunity in that the project has the potential of expanding to the former Municipality of Malia (but not within the project duration). Potential for replication outside of Greece in other Southern European and non-EU semi-arid regions (if not the technology then certainly the public engagement and environmental monitoring approach developed).
LIFE 08 ENV/IT/390 ECOMAWARU Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters); waste water also mentioned. Strengths Weaknesses Development of a water and wastewater management scheme adopting Very local scale needs to be taken up by water authorities/companies phytodepuration with micro algae. Technique allows a significant to make major difference improvement in the quality of the final effluent that is eventually reused No cost benefit analysis envisaged must be economically viable as well for irrigation purposes. as environmentally good solution to ensure take-up on wider scale Implementation of two treatment plants at different scales. Urban Permits required could be an issue in some places catchment area, designed to treat only a portion of the entire wastewater flow. Rural areas treating the entire wastewater flow. Elaboration of a draft proposal regarding the use of phytodepuration technique with micro algae to be included in the Varese Ligure Municipal Building Code (to be submitted for approval to the Municipal Council). Handbook collecting the Best Practices in water and wastewater green management. In particular the handbook will contain the technical documentation about design, installation, maintenance, management and control procedures of the phytodepuration system using micro algae. Opportunities Threats The application of micro-phytodepuration systems could be Possible risk in the project implementation is the selection of microalgae advantageous because they need smaller surfaces than the macrophyte species to be inoculated in the photobioreactor and in the pond. The processes and because they obtain a product with added value, the selection could be limited, because a microalgal death or a microalgal biomass, which could be directly re-used in agriculture as contamination of the culture by undesired species can occur. nitrogenous fertiliser or, depending on the quality and quantity, used for Design constraints of specific field conditions encountered could be producing chemicals, animal feeds or bio-diesel. problematic to wider scale replicability. The new technologies developed by the project are easy to manage and ecologically friendly. They could be integrated in rural communities, with the aim to develop a standardised methodology for the global water management, applicable to other similar backgrounds.
LIFE 08 ENV/IT/406 REWETLAND Policies targeted: Water Framework Directive Strengths Generating synergy between local institutions and enhancing local decision making for a more sustainable use of water resources. Launching of a wide participatory approach to local environmental and water-related decision making (in line with WFD requirements and with biodiversity considerations), among all relevant stakeholders (school pupils, farmers, and urban residents). The creation of wide databases on water use and management in the area, never collected and homogenised before (including also GIS mapping), in line with WFD requirements. The creation of a series of guidelines and action plans for implementing a more sustainable approach for water management. Dialoguing with local stakeholders to define an Environmental Regeneration Programme for the area. Applying a (SEA) of the Programme, in an attempt to change regional policies which currently do not foresee such a process. Very good local representation of most important relevant stakeholders in the partnership (local authorities both in urban and rural areas, a land reclamation authority, and a national park). Synergy with a private consultancy company good project management. Opportunities Guidelines and approach developed to be transferable to similar areas, which underwent serious hydro morphological changes and reclamation works Lazio Region could adopt the Strategic Environmental Assessment approach as a common practice for any local Action Plan. Improving the already existing monitoring network with new monitoring stations and protocols, fine-tuned to the requirements of the WFD. The four created pilot sites contribute to a decrease in the pollution of water in the area or to the launching of similar small-scale initiatives.
Weaknesses Lack of regional representation in the partnership to guarantee real regional policy impact and, in general, low profile synergies with regional/national/European decision making processes and legislation frameworks. Engaging with the agricultural community and local farmers has proved quite difficult as the only way to contact them is through trade associations or other third parties. General lack of interest on their behalf means low potential impact on agricultural practices.
Threats Farming communities not wholly engaged who see the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAFP) as their major interest. Delays to the need to homogenise data collected from many types of data owners. Project foresees a series of on-site structural interventions which require long authorisation procedures - might lead to long delays. Maintenance costs of the pilot sites or costs of the application of the non-binding guidelines might be considered as too high by future local policy makers.
LIFE 08 ENV/IT/413 INHABIT Policies targeted: WFD (River Basin Management Plans, Programme of Measures also mentioned) Strengths Weaknesses Improvement of RBMPs covering a number of water body types, which Depends on large amounts of accurate data being available are representative of Italian water courses and lakes, through the Data compiled into database fields and specifications as part of the introduction of innovative measures that account for project - not certain how this can be accessed post project hydromorphological and habitat information; Some areas quite complex in terms of data requirements and how data Quantification of the natural variability in undisturbed conditions of is managed and interpreted selected hydromorphological, habitat and physio-chemical features, Modelling of results required how could this be achieved for wider which are known to have a significant effect on biological communities; implementation Quantification of factors that affect ecological status classification; To put into practice the latest approaches and methods for the collection of WFD-compliant data, classification of ecological status and technical implementation of management plans in the study catchments; To update existing management plans to include measures related to hydro-morphological and habitat condition. Suggestions for improvement of RBMPs and Programmes of Measures as far as uncertainty in classification issues is concerned Opportunities Threats The outcome of the project will serve as a basis for the implementation Wider application requires buy-in from regional authorities and other of RBMPs over larger areas of Italy and, possibly, the whole of Europe agencies not guaranteed
LIFE 08 ENV/PL/517 EH-REK Policies targeted: Water Framework Directive (water quality, urban water ecosystems). Strengths Weaknesses The project area comprises the riverbed section of the Bzura River and The project is in an early phase, so it is not evident yet what the results the complex of reservoirs in Arturwek, which is one of the primary are and why it will be unique. recreational sites for d population of one million people. It will be not possible to promote the proposed method if it will not be The project introduces an innovative approach to: effective in Lodz. - consolidation of knowledge about the functioning of urban water ecosystems; - planning and decision-making methods as used in the management of urban water ecosystems, - the developed and utilised eco-hydrologic technologies and their synergy in order to accomplish goals prescribed in the EU Directives and the - implementation of a system for training, dissemination of knowledge and cooperation based on joint actions of a multistakeholder platform. The project will provide better knowledge about the possibilities of applying hydro-ecological methods to sustainable water management in urban areas. Another aim of the project is to establish the network of piezometers needed for underground water quality and to purchase equipment needed for on-site analysis and for demonstration and education activity. The beneficiary is establishing a monitoring system to assess effectiveness of re-cultivation activity. The monitoring activity includes: - physical and chemical analysis (for waters every two weeks, and possibly additionally after heavy rainfall, bottom sediments twice a year); - biological analysis (phytoplankton and zooplankton every two weeks if the weather is warm and once a month if its colder, fish twice a year at least), - toxicological analysis (blue-green algae toxins and dioxins once a
month at least, more often when blue-green algae are blooming). - The results of the monitoring will be used to construct and calibrate the mathematical model. The study of the project will implement a systemic approach that will: - analyse threats and opportunities faced by the reservoir catchment area; - harmonise ecologic biotechnologies and technological innovations; - apply the principles of eco-hydrology as an interdisciplinary science. Threats Not yet evident.
Opportunities The eco-hydrology method presents an innovative approach. If it will be effective in the project, it could be widely promoted in the EU. The provided model system will also be used for training at three levels: - the city for the d platform of stakeholders representing the water sector (the Learning Alliance group established under the European project SWITCH), - the country for the personnel of Voivodeship Inspectorates for Environmental Protection and Regional Water Management Boards, municipalities, and investors, and - International as part of training delivered by the University of d and other scientific and research institutions to UNESCO IHP trainees. - It will provide better knowledge about the possibilities of applying hydro-ecological methods to sustainable water management in urban areas among the society and decision makers.
LIFE 09 ENV/FR/593 WateRtoM Policies targeted: WFD (potentially all areas); Floods Directive. Strengths Gathering together innovative solutions that could help to implement the water directives Bringing solutions to the market place in 3-5 years instead of the 10 years it takes to date Have developed reasonable networks and interest among the Administrators and SMEs to date Opportunities Contact the research promotion agencies to better analyse their dissemination strategies potentially could lead to a better match between research output and delivering water directives The tools and strategy developed by the WateRtoM team seems, so far, easily transferable to other sector The impact will gather the water research information in one place (website) to save time and energy to find the adequate innovation needed.
Weaknesses Reluctance from people inside the scientific community to share their results outside the scientific community Mot of results from a research project are cited as publications limited dissemination A lot of projects concentrated their research on solving local problems and such a project produces results that are not directly transferable Threats Difficult to identify real outputs (that could assist implementation of the Directives) from research outputs Research does not always translate to marketable products highlights the gap between research and practical application Lack of available information in public domain concerning suitable projects Downturn in economies mean that prospective users want to invest only in approved, perfectly working solution and devices - their acceptance of innovative solution has very often limited confidence
LIFE 09 ENV/RO/612 CLEANWATER Policies targeted: WFD (monitoring surface water); Nitrates Directive Strengths Cleanwater represents a real link with the WFD and Nitrates Directive The project intends to evaluate the future trends of the quality of the water bodies, to measure their effectiveness and the development of other sources of nitrogen in the study area considering the climatic evolutions. The project intends to use a holistic approach for the water management by integrating in the GIS environment the international competitive models and the identified sources of pollution. The project will demonstrate in an inter-disciplinary frame, the meaning of an integrated GIS system that will be capable to inter-correlate all information, and how it can be used for the designation of nitrates vulnerable zones. Mathematical modelling for surface water-soil- groundwater will be used for a proper analysis of nitrates transfer between the water bodies. Biological and chemical results obtained in the framework of monitoring network as well as the data completion using field campaign are the important factors in analysis of chemical and ecological status of water at Barlad basin level. Analysis of monitoring data, field campaigns, mass balance and dynamic modelling represent important tools, included in the project, for the identification and quantification of human activities impact. Open GIS system developed in the project offers the possibility for economic analyses of cost-recovery of water services and costeffectiveness of measures to achieve the environmental objectives. Mathematical models with GIS interface will be used for analyse the scenarios related to the effect of changes concerning the land use, water usage and water abstraction, point and diffuse pollution. The project offer support for: i) design the monitoring program of Romanian waters, ii) a good understanding of farmers activities as nitrate pollution source , iii) design the program of measures for the villages.
Weaknesses Requires hand-monitoring at all sites that takes a lot of effort and time Needs strong collaboration with the water authorities. Not all farmers want to cooperate.
Opportunities The project will contribute to a national approach methodology for delineation of vulnerable zones to the nitrogen pollution, at river basin level. The long range objective of CLEANWATER Project is to contribute to the development of a modern Romanian water management system by elaboration of a completely integrated system as basis for the Barlad River Basin District Management Plan according to EU legislation (especially Water Framework Directive) and by gaining the knowledge and experience to be used later in management of other river basins of Romania. The Cleanwater team intends to assist the replication of the developed Open-GIS system at whole country level, like a support for the implementation of Nitrates Directive. Currently, the information obtained so far by the project is used for the WISE reporting, thus the analysis results obtained will improve the Romanian reporting for the WFD.
Threats Too early to identify
LIFE 09 ENV/UK/026 Hydro4LIFE Policies targeted: No areas directly targeted but project is related to WFD and Renewables Directive Strengths Weaknesses The beneficiary (International Hydropower Association) provides a Criticism of the Protocol itself it is designed to only deal with individual strong platform for EU-wide (and global) stakeholder engagement and hydropower developments on a site-by-site basis, it does not look at has been proactive in exploring the links between the WFD (DG ENV), strategic resource utilisation and environmental impacts at a river basin Renewables Directive (RD) (DG ENER) and hydropower development. level. IHA has a close relationship with designated national authorities within individual EU member states, and is in close contact with many of the agencies responsible for regulating hydropower operations at EC level. Furthermore, its membership is made up of hydropower operators and developers, and the IHA has broad membership reach within the EU. The project has so far obtained active participation from major EU-based energy generators (E.On and EDF). Opportunities The project is keen to explore the possibility of the Protocol (or at least its holistic approach to sustainability) feeding into regulators' assessments of river quality as part of the WFD and informing future revisions of the Directive. The beneficiary argues that the WFDs focus on ecological status (an area that is likely to be adversely impacted by hydropower developments) ignores the positive environmental benefits of hydropower that are realised under the scope of other Directives (i.e RED/reduced GHG emissions) and, indeed, other social and economic benefits. The application of the Protocol is highly transferable to any scale and type of hydropower installation (within the EU or globally) but only on a site-by site basis (see weaknesses). The Protocol could become a standard methodology for the assessment of hydropower sustainability performance in the EU and globally (this is the beneficiarys ultimate goal). The beneficiary initially saw the LIFE support received and the application of the Protocol in the EU as a means of endorsing the Threats The interpretation of the WFD at national level is having direct consequences on the approval of new projects and allocation of concessions and permissions for hydropower development in the EU. This is impacting the projects ability to test the application of the Protocol on EU hydropower schemes in the concept, design and build phases (applications have been limited to existing operational installations). It may also be the reason for the fact that only 2 EU based operators have signed up to test the Protocol but uptake globally has been far easier to obtain (incl Norway, Iceland, Australia, Canada, Brazil SE Asia). Negative perceptions of the projects investigation/assessment of the WFD - from discussions with various stakeholders, the beneficiary is aware that the WFD is generally well regarded within the EU. The beneficiary, as a hydropower industry representative, is therefore conscious of not appearing to be too critical of the WFD (this is despite the fact that the Protocol has been developed with a number of Governments and international NGOs).
Protocol (as it perceives the EU to be at the forefront of global water policy), and hence increasing its uptake within the EU and globally (however, so far in practice the uptake of the application of the Protocol has been greater outside of the EU (see threats)).
Despite repeated attempts, the project has so far been unable to secure the active participation of an EU based regulatory body (ARH-Norte in Portugal showed interest but have yet to actively participate). Engaging with regulatory bodies may help to reduce the barriers of the local interpretation/application of the WFD.
LIFE 07 INF/UK/032 RESTORE Policies targeted: WFD (ecological status of surface waters); Habitats Directive; Floods Directive Strengths Weaknesses Development of a network linking policy makers, river basin planners, ECRR has a rotating secretariat (i.e. UK, NL, IT etc). Its management is practitioners and experts across Europe to share information and good not secured. practice on river restoration activities. Ensuring that the difference between the science and research led Creation of a database of river restoration projects, providing networks (e.g. Deltares funded by FP7) and the practitioner network understanding of policy opportunities and constraints, the effectiveness approach led by RESTORE continues to be recognised and links between of restoration methods, design issues and project costs/benefits; the networks are maintained To build up existing river restoration network capacity. Several river Possibly too much of a cosy club restoration networks are already established. Strong link to ECRR and Has to get the final product right or else the effort is wasted want to morph project results into a rejuvenated ECRR Based on earlier work: partnership was well known to each other River restoration is high on the agenda in many countries Opportunities The production of communication plans at regional and European level; Preparatory reviews of current policy, planning and project activity; The development of a river restoration handbook to be published in print and online form; Close association with European Centre for River Restoration (ECRR) could ensure longevity of project after LIFE To establish a project of sufficient weight to attract long term funding To showcase a number of high profile case studies Threats Problems with technical delivery (expertise not available, incomplete data sets, evaluation too complex, lack of ICT facilities/knowledge etc) Communications (lack of response by MTA, language barriers, inconsistent messages, poor turnout at events, etc) Environmental (e.g. demand for energy generation outweighs environmental issues in rivers) *Link to Hydro4LIFe assessment Maintenance of national and European stakeholders network for sustainable river restoration programmes
LIFE 10 ENV/DE/158 HWC - Jenfelder Au Policies targeted: WFD (quality of surface waters); quantitative water management; Directives on reduction CO2, improvement of energy efficiency and renewable energy. Strengths Weaknesses Demonstrate an integrated wastewater disposal and energy generation Cost of delivery high capital cost of project (700 apartments total system; cost 16,746,974 = 24,000 per apartment) Minimise the dilution of sewage with drinking water (flush) by the use of Highly technical may be difficult to replicate vacuum toilets within an urban district; Designed for apartment blocks could it be transferred to other types of housing stock? Improve water quality, i.e. preventing rain and grey water from being polluted with black water; Project part f new build does it have the potential for retrofit to older Save energy by systematically treating and utilising separated buildings wastewater streams. This will be done by preventing energy consuming wastewater processing; Demonstrate an innovative decentralised energy generation concept based on a biogas plant and a combined heat and power plant, in combination with solar and geothermal plants. The concept will demonstrate the potential to minimise the use of non-renewable energy sources and the potential for energy generation based on separation of black water; Prepare for future phosphorus and nitrogen recovery and effective elimination of micro pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Opportunities Threats Potentially transferable to other similar housing systems Obtaining planning permission for solar and ground heat energy supplies Environmental and economic cost benefit analysis included potential viability of the scheme can be assessed
LIFE 10 ENV/ES/521 AQUATIK Policies targeted: WFD and Environmental Quality Standards Directive (in particular monitoring of priority pollutant from Waste Water Treatment Facilities). Also related to Environmental Liability Directive; European pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR); REACH; IPPC Strengths Weaknesses Coordinating beneficiary has 5 other LIFE funded waste water treatment Too early to identify related projects (good past experience of LIFE). 7 Priority pollutants targeted (out of 33) these 7 represent a good range and generally found across Europe Conventional chemical monitoring is not likely to detect potential impacts and does not offer early warning systems of water contamination and early changes on aquatic ecosystems. The limitations of the conventional techniques (costly, labour-intensive, fails to detect temporal concentrations...) can be overcome with innovative techniques developed under this project. A methodology for monitoring the target compounds that takes into account different situations in different European regions will be established. This should contribute to the implementation of WFD by proposing to Waste Water Treatment Plant Operators a technological solution for monitoring their discharges to receiving water bodies. Different project activities are planned to reach stakeholders, general public and research community interest, both during the project and after the project end. Widespread transfer of project outputs and knowhow directly to stakeholders and industries related to the wastewater treatment sector throughout Europe is planned. Opportunities Threats The selected case study of the project is the Barcelona area, due to the Stakeholders those identified so far are all based in Spain/Catalonia high presence of priority pollutants, the high concentration of industrial (and all three beneficiaries are based in Spain too). The project has area, population and agriculture and the proximity to the project planned to engage widely in Europe but should this fail then the project partners. However, the geographical scope is Europe and the may remain localised. applicability and transferability will be studied during the AQUATIK The beneficiary has many ongoing LIFE projects this may overstretch project. its capacity (both financial and personnel).
LIFE10 ENV/IT/394 WARBO Policies targeted: WFD (quality and quantity of groundwater, also water scarcity mentioned). Strengths Weaknesses The WARBO project will facilitate the regulation of AR and to respond to Too early to identify. the need to safeguard, protect and enhance water and land ecosystems. The test phase will concentrate on sites with AR problems that host ecosystems of community interest where urgent measures are needed to combat water scarcity. The project will develop specific experimental protocols that will define the administrative procedures to be followed, and will specify how to manage recharge activities. The protocols will concern direct (hydrogeological, geochemical & isotopic) and indirect (geophysical and remote sensing) methods, and will be applied to two main macro-areas. Definition of the recharge method, development of a model to evaluate the response of aquifers, and assess the WARBO methods in test areas; Assessment of the impact of AR on: 1) degradation of organic substances due to the input of high quality water; 2) increase in the piezometric level of the aquifer, which can thus resume its feeding functions instead of its draining-only functions without conveying surface water contaminated by human activities towards the aquifer ; 3) protection of the environmental characteristics of rivers and streams as a result of the recovery of the feeding functions of AR aquifers; Reduction in subsidence caused by withdrawal of underground water; Use of aquifers as water storage and transport systems as an alternative to building dams and costly water-supply systems; Transfer of knowledge with a view towards the acquisition of data and the management of AR for geothermal purposes; Development of reliable models for managing AR activities Opportunities Threats Too early to identify. The applicability of the WARBO methodology by other MS Development of new regulations for aquifer recharge that could be adopted throughout Europe
LIFE10 NAT/AT/016 Netzwerk Donau Policies targeted: Habitats Directive (17 species); Birds Directive; WFD (incl. Austrian National Water Management Plan); Ramsar Convention. Strengths Weaknesses Private sector beneficiary running a 14.5m project to contribute to the Too early to identify. implementation of Austrias National Water Management Plan/strategy for the Danube. Beneficiary has carried out 2 basic feasibility studies of the project at its own expense prior to the project to ensure greater chance of success. Beneficiary has previous experience of running LIFE projects. The project is designed to be a complimentary component of a larger strategy for the Austrian Danube and its tributaries. Opportunities The project is not only a milestone for Austria: it is an important guidepost along the path toward improving the Danube in all of Europe. The project is intended to provide an example at the international level. The method practised in Austria, i.e. the technical method of the project as well as the strategic approach of developing a complete plan covering a large region from a large number of individual measures (including LIFE Nature projects), is intended as an example for other countries bordering on the Danube. Measures to improve habitat in and to interlink Natura 2000 regions of Austrian Danube Over the long term, the ecological benefits realised in the Austrian Danube could be felt upstream and downstream beyond the borders of Austria, in this way having positive radiating effects for neighbouring regions as well. Threats Too early to identify.

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ASTRALEDCONTRACT

ENHANCINGTASKN3 ContributionofLIFEENV/INF/NATprojectstothe implementation,disseminationandfurtherdevelopmentofEU environmentalpoliciesandlegislation WaterSector

2000/60/ECWaterFramework 2008/56/ECMarineStrategy 96/61/ECand2010/75/EUIPPC 2007/60/ECFloods

91/271/EECUWWT 91/676/EECNitrates 76/464/EEC;80/68/EEC;06/11/EC DischargeofPollution 2006/118/ECGroundwater

2006/44FishWaters 2006/113/ECShellfish HumanHealth 98/83/ECDrinkingWater 2006/7/ECBathingWater

The113projectsweremadeupof90ENV/INFprojectsand23NATprojects;thebreakdownbetween categoriesisgiveninFigure31belowandacompletebreakdownbycategoryisgiveninAnnex3. Figure31:DetailedAnalysisofProjectsRelatedtotheWaterFrameworkDirective

Ecologicalstatusofsurfacewater Chemicalstatusofsurfacewater Chemicalstatusofgroundwater Quantitativestatusofgroundwater PlanningProcess Stakeholderandpublicparticipation Integratedriverbasinapproach Programmeofmeasures Reportingandinformationanddatamanagement

Projectnumberand acronym LIFE06TCY/ET/226 IBISS LIFE06TCY/ET/232 FLAFLOM LIFE05TCY/GA/115 HAGAR

Typeofproject Capacitybuilding Capacitybuilding Capacitybuilding

Comments Knowhowtransfer FloodDirective Localauthorities

LIFE06TCY/INT/246 SAVARIVERBASIN LIFE05TCY/TN/150 SMAS

SAVARiver Transboundaryand involvementofnational authorities

LIFE05TCY/IL/130 SUSTAINABLE JORDAN LIFE06TCY/IL/240 TRANSBOUNDARY WATER/PRO AQUIFER

Interestingly,allthreeprojectsimplementedactivitiesinthetransboundarySavaRiverBasin,whichextends fromSlovenia(anEUmember)andalsocoversconsiderablepartsofCroatia,BosniaandHerzegovina, Serbia,MontenegroandasmallpartofAlbania.ItisthethirdlongesttributaryoftheDanubeRiver(andthe

WFD MSFD UWWT Nitrates Groundwater

AllcostsaregiveninmillionsofEuros http://www.eulaks.eu/attach/EULAKS_Deliverable_D.1.2_IRD_LAC_Project_Participation.pdf 17 http://www.cadses.net/media/files/CADSES_Results_Brochures/1143_cadses_results_iii_web.pdf

Projectscanoftenbevery successfulatthelocalscalebut experiencedifficultyinscaling uptonewmarkets

Sustainability Transferability Dataaccessandreferenceinformation Unknownlongtermresults Wideradministrativeandeconomicthreats Difficultiesinobtainingaccess,rightsandpermissions Lackofclosecollaborationandconsensuswithstakeholders Insufficientharmonisationanddifferentinterpretationofpolicy

managementascalledforbytheMSFD.Onceaccepted(late2012)theseguidelinescouldbecomethe blueprintforimplementationofthispartoftheMSFDandtheteamarecurrentlyworkingwiththeMarine StrategyGroups(MSGs)setupinallmemberstatestodeliverthestrategy.

LIFE07ENV/UK/943PISCES DevelopinganecosystembasedapproachtodelivertheMarineStrategyFrameworkDirective.This involvesconsultationwithalltheinterestedpartiesusingtheCelticSea.

Making the software readily available on the market (i.e. Floodscanmethodology)

POLLUTIONCONTROL UWWT Nitrates Dischargeofpollution Groundwater

AQUATICORGANISMS SupportingFish Shellfish

ThematicFocusofProject HUMANHEALTH Drinkingwater Bathingwater

LIFE database website

Data Info collected

Aquatic Warbler project

Conserving Acrocephalus paludicola in Poland and Germany

31/05/2010 izabela.flor@otop.org.pl Izabela FLOR

Restoration of pearl mussel populations in the Ardennes

secretariat.commun@lu Frantz-Charles xnatur.lu Muller

Rehabilitation of the Baltic coastal lagoon habitat complex

project@life31/12/2011 baltcoast.eu; kueper@sn-sh.de

Marine protected areas in the Eastern Baltic Sea

LIFE05 01/08/2005 NAT/LV/000100

Restoration and Management of Biodiversity in the Marine Park Site Arrbida-Espichel

Conservation of biodiversity of the Mura river in Slovenia

Mitja STAREC; Lidija GLOBEVNIK

Rebuilding of Marine Cavernous Boulder Reefs in Kattegat

LIFE06 01/08/2006 NAT/DK/000159

Henrik CHRISTENSE N; Olaf CHRISTIANI

Intermittent Cerknica Lake

tanja.vasilevska@notra Tanja njski-park-si VASILEVSKA

Giuseppe TARALLO; Angelo DE VITA

website not in english

rdefilippis@regione.lazi Raniero DE o.it FILIPPIS

LIFE05 NAT/D/000051 LIFE05 NAT/B/000091

Renate.thole@mu.nied Renate THOLE ersachsen.de Joost DEWYSPELAE RE

31/12/2009 Tel:+32 015 424921

Urgent conservation actions for Fortore River pSCI

LIFE06 01/09/2006 NAT/RO/000177 LIFE05 NAT/IT/000050

segreteria@riservadito Alessandro rreguaceto.it CICCOLELLA Hans Ole HANSEN

LIFE05 01/02/2005 NAT/DK/000153

LIFE06 NAT/FIN/00012 01/08/2006 9

Arto.Ahokumpu@metsa Arto 31/07/2011 .fi; tapio.aalto@elyAHOKUMPU; keskus.fi Tapio AALTO

Conservation strategies for woodlands and rivers in the Gesuse Mountains

daniel.kreiner@national Daniel Kreiner park.co.at

Life Grote Nete

Restoration of the lowland river system 'Grote Nete'

tom.debeelde@natuurp Tom DE 31/12/2009 unt.be BEELDE