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    09 - Nicholls - Fenlands

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    yusrizakariah
    1. Thetford Forest covers 80 square miles of former heathland in Norfolk and Suffolk, and is the largest block of forest in England. 2. The forest was mostly planted in the late 1920s and early 1930s on land that was previously of little agricultural value. The main species planted was Scots Pine to provide economic benefits during the depression. 3. It was later realized that Thetford soil is alkaline rather than acid, so the forest has been switching to Corsican Pine which grows faster on a shorter rotation than Scots Pine.

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    09 - Nicholls - Fenlands

    Uploaded by

    yusrizakariah
    39 views3 pages
    1. Thetford Forest covers 80 square miles of former heathland in Norfolk and Suffolk, and is the largest block of forest in England. 2. The forest was mostly planted in the late 1920s and early 1930s on land that was previously of little agricultural value. The main species planted was Scots Pine to provide economic benefits during the depression. 3. It was later realized that Thetford soil is alkaline rather than acid, so the forest has been switching to Corsican Pine which grows faster on a shorter rotation than Scots Pine.

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    Fernland in UK

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    1. Thetford Forest covers 80 square miles of former heathland in Norfolk and Suffolk, and is the largest block of forest in England. 2. The forest was mostly planted in the late 1920s and early 1930s on land that was previously of little agricultural value. The main species planted was Scots Pine to provide economic benefits during the depression. 3. It was later realized that Thetford soil is alkaline rather than acid, so the forest has been switching to Corsican Pine which grows faster on a shorter rotation than Scots Pine.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views3 pages

    09 - Nicholls - Fenlands

    Uploaded by

    yusrizakariah
    1. Thetford Forest covers 80 square miles of former heathland in Norfolk and Suffolk, and is the largest block of forest in England. 2. The forest was mostly planted in the late 1920s and early 1930s on land that was previously of little agricultural value. The main species planted was Scots Pine to provide economic benefits during the depression. 3. It was later realized that Thetford soil is alkaline rather than acid, so the forest has been switching to Corsican Pine which grows faster on a shorter rotation than Scots Pine.

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    11.
    12.
    Fenlands
    The Fens- approximately 1 million acres (1,300 sq miles) of black
    fertile soil stretching from King's Lynn to Cambridge to
    Peterborough to Lincoln (see map 1)
    The Fens were covered with forests after the Ice Age, as ice melted
    it flooded the low lying land killing all the vegetation.
    Land lower than sea level. Over 200 miles of rivers in Fenland
    Rivers flowing from Pennine Hills to east. One eighth of all
    England's surface water drain into the sea through Fenland.
    Romans first started to drain land near Cambridge in 43AD.
    Provided rich agricultural land (black peat), peat for burning and
    salt.
    Returned tothe sea/swamps for 500 years. Small islands above sea
    level provided safe havens and settlements were established.
    The largest island was called the Isle of Eels now Ely. One of
    England's largest Cathedrals was founded in xxx by Queen
    Etheldrda
    1630 (Queen Elizabeth I reign)- Consortium of Lords headed by
    appointed a Dutchman, Cornellius Vermuyden to
    mastermind a scheme.(Land ownership, land speculation,
    land management) - -
    Creation of the drains. - large 21 mile drain Earith to Denver
    (known as Old Bedford) and Hundred Footer draining water from
    the river Ouse to the sea at King's Lynn
    The draining worked until the land shrank (peat dried out and
    also blew away in the strong easterly winds)
    Windmills and later in 18th Century steam engines drove the
    pumps to scoop water to higher drains.
    Fenland today is kept dry by numerous draining boards in the
    North, south and middle level. Some ofthe-piimpingstations, now
    run by electricity can shift 200 tons of water per minute. Is often
    lifted 27 feet up hill.
    Since the Fens were drained in 17th Century the peat areas have
    shrunk and is approximately 20feet lower than in Elizabethan days
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    Sandringham Estates
    1760 Charles Spencer Cowper purchased 2000 acres for 2,000
    1862 Queen Victoria bought the then 7000 acre estate for 220,000 for
    her eldest son Prince Edward and his wife Princess Alexander. 60,000
    spent on immediate improvements.
    Over the 50 years the estate grew to over 20,000 acres, houses and
    outbuilding were increased. Farm management intensified and
    woodlands planted.
    1891 Sandringham House fire burnt- new front and wings added with
    new roof line.
    2002 -Just over 20,000 acres
    5 Villages (all building owned in 4 ofthe 5 villages)
    Country Park and visitors centre
    Private Parkland- 200 acres
    Farmland- 16,000 acres (Two thirds tenant farmers)
    Forests/woodland- 2000 acres (includes Sawmill)
    2 Royal studs
    Fruit Farm (apples and soft fruit) 200 acres
    Mixture of land type and land usage.
    Fertile farmland -chalk, lime and peat
    Heath & set aside
    Wetland- marshes (some reclaimed land from sea)
    Managed country parkland
    Homesteads - some rented at going rate, some free to Estate workers,
    some pepercom rent
    New Use of buildings- eg Park House, Cheshire Home for the
    disabled
    )
    Thetford Forest, East Anglia
    1. Thetford Forest covers some 80 square miles of former heathland, on the borders
    of Norfolk and Suffolk. The forest is owned and managed by the Forestry Commission
    subsidiary called Forest Enterprise. It is the largest block of forest in England.
    2. The forest was mostly planted within a few years in the late 1920s and early
    1930s. The area was previously of little agricultural value, being a light sandy soil in an
    area of relatively low rainfall (about 22" per year). The main 'crop' used to be wild
    rabbits - caught and sold for meat and furs. The establishment of the forest was
    compressed into a short period to maximise the benefits for the local economy in a period
    of economic depression.
    3. The main species planted was the native conifer tree, the Scots Pine. This tree
    was known to perform reasonably well on acid sandy soils and in low rainfall areas. Later
    it was realised that the Thetford soil is sand over chalk, thus .an alkaline soil, not an acid
    one. The Scots Pine trees were not growing as quickly as hoped and, by the 1950s it was
    decided to switch to Corsican Pine as quickly as would be reasonable, through premature
    harvesting of much of the Scots Pine. Whereas the Scots Pine had been grown on a 60-
    70 year rotation, Corsican Pine performs well enough to be managed on a 45 year
    rotation.
    4. Timber sales from the forest generate an annual income of 3-4 million. One of
    the outlets for produce from the forest is wood chips for electricity generation. There is a
    timber depot at the heart of the forest in the town of Bran don.
    5. The forest is extensively used for recreation, including some intensive
    commercial facilities, and for educational purposes. It is estimated that some 2 million
    people visit the forest each year, including some 10,000 primary school children.
    6. The forest contains 13 different Sites of Special Scientific Interest, numerous
    archaeological sites and is an internationally important protection area for two rare birds
    - the nightjar and the woodlark.

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