SECTION B PAPER 2 (i) Compare the forces applied on the spring and the

Chapter 2:Forces and Motion extension of the springs. [3 marks]

1. Diagram 9.1 represents a 50 cen coin and a leaf (ii) Compare the spring constants of M and N. Hence
falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier relate the spring constant to the natural length of the
than the leaf. spring. [2 marks]
(c) A spring produces an extension of 4 cm when a
(i) What is meant by momentum? stretching force of 1.2 N is applied to it. What is the
[1 mark] spring constant of the spring? [2 marks]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare (d) Explain how the forces between the molecules cause
the time for change of momentum for the elasticity. [4 marks]
Spiderman. Relate the time for change
momentum and the force acting on the
Spiderman, deduce a relevant physics
(a) Using Diagram 9.1 and the information given about concept. [5 marks]
the weight of the two objects, compare the mass of (iii) Name the physics quantity that explain
the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the (e) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring in the suspension system
the two situations above. [1 mark] of an ordinary motorcycle.
positions of the coin and the leaf and finally, deduce (b) In two separate boxing ring, a kick-boxer
the physical quantity which causes the objects to fall. (i) What are the fuctions of the spring in the
from Thailand fights without wearing boxing suspension system?
[5 marks ] gloves whereas a boxer from Malaysia with a
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a student trying to launch a water (ii) Exlain the modification that needs to be done on
pair boxing gloves. Explain who will cause the spring to enable it to function as a racing
rocket. more injury to their opponent if both boxers motorcycle. You should explain your suggestion, to
punch with the same force. [3 marls] include following aspects:
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a school bus. - the characteristics of the material of the
spring
- the design of the spring
You are required to give some suggestions on how to
design a water rocket for a national competition. Using 4. Diagram 9.1 and diagram 9.2 show two identical
Explain the modification to the bus to help to
the knowledge on forces, motion and properties of trolleys moving up two inclined planes of different
improve the safety the passengers and will be more
materials, explain the suggestions based on the following angles and displacement.
comfortable. Emphasise your explanation in the
aspects: following aspects:
(i) material used (i) the shape of the bus body
(ii) shape of the rocket
(iii) angle of launching (ii) safety features of the bus. [10 marks]
(iv) volume of water in the rocket
3. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a comparison (a) (i) What is meant by work done? [1 mark]
(v) added structure for the motion of the rocket.
of two spring M and N. Both the spring are elastic (ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
[10 marks]
and made from the same wire and have the same angle of incline and displacement of the trolleys.
(c) A stone which is released from a building falls down
diameter. Each one of them is attached to a load of Relating the angle of incline and the displacement,
in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an
equal weight. deduce the work done by each trolley. [5 marks]
energy change.
(b) Read the following statements and determine
(i) What is meant by energy? [1 mark]
whether work is done or not.
(ii) Explain the energy changes in the stone. [4 marks]
(i) A student pushes a stool along the floor [2 marks]
(ii) A pen falls from a table to the ground [2 marks]
2. (a) Spiderman find that when he jumped down from a
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows two electric drills A and B with
high building without bending his legs, a loud
different efficiencies.
sound is produced as shown in Diagram 9.1. But if
upon landing, he bends his legs, a soft sound is (a) What is meant by elasticity of a material? [1
produced as shown in Diagram 9.2. mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2;
1
 move and stop them. Deduce a relevant after the balls hit the surfaces. Based on the
physics concept. [5 marks] shapes of the plastine balls and the surfaces,
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows an archer pulling an arrow on deduce a physical concept which is involved in
a bow and is ready to release the arrow from the bow this phenomenon. [5 marks]
(i) Which drill is more efficient?. Give your reasons. so that the arrow will hit the bullseye of the target. (b) Explain the changes in energy that occur from
[4 marks] For this purpose, he pointed the arrow a little bit the moment the plasticine ball is released until
(ii) Suggest modifications that need to be done to above the horizontal line while aiming at the target. it reaches the position shown in Diagram 10.2
increase the efficiency of the inefficient drill. [4 marks]
[6 marks] (c) Name three safety features in a vehicle and explain
how it helps to reduce the fatal effect when the
5. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the distance vehicle is involved in a collision. [10 marks]
traveled by two trolleys of the same mass when pushed
with forces of magnitude F and 2F respectively. Both (i) What energy changes take place when 8. Diagram 8.1 shows a balloon being released from a
trolley accelerate from rest for 2 s. he releases the arrow? grip. Diagram 8.2 shows a cuttlefish moving forward
(ii) Explain why the archer does not aim by released a big volume of black ink backwards.
directly at the bulleye of the target. [4
marks]
(a) (i) What is meant by acceleration? [1 mark] (c) When a car is involved in an accident and
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, brought to a stop abruptly, the inertia of the
compare the time of travel for the trolleys, force driver causes him to be hurled forward suddenly Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2
applied on the trolleys and the distance traveled by towards the steering wheel. (a) (i) What is meant by force ? [1mark]
the trolleys. Relate the magnitude of force with the (i) What is the modification on the car that can (ii) Using diagram 8.1 and 8.2 compare the direction
distance traveled to deduce the acceleration of the safe the driver life? of motion of the balloon and the cuttlefish. Relate
trolleys. (ii) Explain how does the modification in c(i) the direction of motion to deduce a relevant
(b) The trolley in Diagram 9.1 is then changed with a operate. physics concept. [5 mark]
trolley of bigger mass. Explain how is the (iii) Name three examples of impulsive force. (b)Using suitable examples, explain the ways utilize
acceleration of the trolley related to its mass. [10 marks] impulse force. [4 mark]
(c) It is important for a driver to increase the time interval (c) Figure .3 shows a car speeding on a road and Figure
of collision. 7. Diagram 10.1 shows two identical spherical 9.4 shows the car crashed on an object. Due to lack of
(i) Using an appropriate physics concept, explain why plasticine balls released from the same height. safety features, the driver sustained serious injury.
there is a need to increase the time interval of
collision. [2 marks]
(ii) Suggest the modification that need to be done on a
car to make it safe for drive. [8 marks] Figure 8.3 Figure 8.4
The following are few facts concerning the car.
6. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a child and an adult Diagram 10.2 shows the state of the balls when they (i) The car stopped too suddenly upon hitting
each sit on similar swings. hit the brick and the rubber. It was observed that the the object.
plasticine stopped more quickly when it hits the (ii) The driver thrown out of the car, breaking
brick. the glass of the windscreen.
(iii) Sharp pieces of glass from the shattered
windscreen cut the head of the driver.
(iv) The accident occurred at night. The driver
did not see the object until it was very near.
(a)(i) Explain what is meant by inertia [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the (a)(i) What is meant by potential energy? [1 mark] Based on the above facts, suggest various features to be
(ii) Observe Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, added to the car to improve its safety standard and
difficulties to move and stop them. Relating the
mass of the child and the adult to the difficulties to compare the shape of the plasticine balls, the explain how each feature can reduce injury of the driver.
surface of the rick and the rubber, before and [10 marks]

2
CHAPTER 3:FORCES AND PRESSURE (i) Explain what happens to the size of
1.(a) Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.2(b) and bubble as it rises to the surface of the
Diagram 9.2(c) show a rock hung on a water. [2 marks]
spring balance in air, immersed in water and
(ii) Explain how this change affects the
cooking oil respectively. The reading of the
DIAGRAM 9.3 upward motion of the bubble.[2 marks]
spring balance for each situation is as
shown in Diagram 9.1. Using suitable physics concepts, explain (d) Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the side
the required modification needed in view of two different models of a dam made
designing a from bricks and concrete.
barge that can carry more and heavier
goods, move faster and safe in fresh and
salt
water. You can emphasise on the following
aspects in your modification;
i. material used Water Water
RAJAH 9.1 ii. plimsoll line
(i) What is meant by weight? iii. shape and size of the barge [10 Dam
Dam
[1 mark] marks]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.1(b) and
Diagram 9.1(c), compare the spring 2. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show how water
balance reading, the weight lost of the spurts out from its container when the valve is DIAGRAM 9.3 DIAGRAM 9.4
rock and the density of the water and the opened.
cooking oil. Relating the weight lost and Water (i) Which model is preferable? Explain your answer.
the density, deduce a relevant physics level [2 marks]
Water
concept. Aras air level (ii) Suggest two uses of the water in the dam.
[4 [2 marks]
marks]
(iii) Name the physics principle that explains (iii) Explain the modifications that need to be made to
the above situations. the dam to enable it to store more water safely.
DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2
[1 mark] [6 marks]
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a copper block and a When a liquid is held in a container, it exerts 3. (a) Figure 9.1, Figure 9.2 and Figure 9.3 show a
bowl shape copper sheet of same pressure on the container. fisherman pulling out of the river. In Figure 9.1, the
mass.Explain why the copper block sink in fisherman finds it easy to pull up the fishing net
(a) What is meant by pressure? [1 mark]
water but the bowl shape copper sheet while most of his catch is in the water, due to the
floats on water. (b) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram buoyant force. However as more and more of the
[4 marks] 9.2, compare the depth of the water in both catch is out of the water it gets harder to pull up the
containers, the rate at which water spurts net as shown in Figure 9.2 and 9.3.
out and the distance travelled by the water
that spurts out.
Relate the distance travelled by the water
that spurts out to the depth of the water.
Hence make a conclusion regarding the
relationship between the pressure and the
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a barge used to depth of the water. [5 marks]
transport goods from fresh water port to
the ship anchored away from the seaside. (c) A small bubble of air is released from the
bottom of a lake.
(i) What is buoyant force? [1 mark]

3
(ii) Using Figures 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3, compare the mass of (b) With reference to Diagram 10.2, suggest the
the catch as well as the volume of the catch while still modification that needs to be done on the balloon
immersed in the water. Relating the amount of force and the container to enable the balloon to float and
required to lift the catch, the weight of water carry passenger for tourism purposes. In your
displaced and the buoyant force, deduce a relevant explanation, emphasise the following aspects on
physics concept. [5 marks] how:
(b) A hydrometer is used to measure the density of acid in (i) to float the balloon
a car battery. Using a suitable physics principle, (ii) to carry passengers
DIAGRAM 9.3
explain how the hydrometer works. (iii) to control the height of the balloon
Using suitable physics concepts, explain the
[4 marks] (iv) the safety of the passengers. [10
modification that needs to be done to the
(c) The manager of a carnival near your home seeks your marks]
i. size of the piston,
advice on designing and handling a hot air balloon. 5. Diagram 9.1 show a hydraulic lift used to raise
ii. material of the body,
The balloon should be able to rise to about the height weight of 200 N and 800 N placed on the
iii. type of liquid used,
of a five-storey building, carry up to three people and pistons Q and R respectively.The pressure
iv. handle and
can be brought down to the same spot after a certain exerted on piston P is 1000 N m-2. Cross sectional
v. ability to reset the piston position
time. Explain your suggestion taking into account: area of piston Q and piston R is 0.2 m2 and 0.8 m2
easily
(i) the material and other equipment required respectively.
of the hidraulic jack to enable it to lift mass of greater
(ii) safety aspects
quantity. [10 marks]
(iii) the best times in a day to launch the balloon
[10 marks]
6. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows an object floating in liquid X
of density 1000 kg m-3. Diagram 8.2 shows the
4. (a) Diagram 10 shows liquid A and liquid B placed in
same object floating in a liquid Y of density 1025
repective beakers. A joined glass rod is immersed in
DIAGRAM 9.1 kg m-3.
both liquids.
(a) (i)What is meant by pressure? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1, calculate the
pressure exerted by the liquid M on the
piston Q and piston R. Compare the
pressure exerted on the piston P, Q and (i) What is meant by density? [1 mark]
R..Relate the pressure exerted by piston P (ii) Using Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2, compare the
on the piston Q and R with the liquid M. levels of the objects in X and Y, the volume of
(i) What causes the liquids to rise in the glass rod [5 marks] liquid displaced by the objects and the buoyant
tube? [1 mark] (b) Diagram 9.2 shows the toothpaste flows out force on the object. Relating the mass of the
(ii) With reference to Diagram 10.1, compare the of it’s tube while squeezing at the bottom end. object, the volume of liquid displaced and the
height of the liquids in the tube, the pressure density of liquid, deduce a relevant physics
exerted by the liquids. Given the formula; P = ρ concept. [5 marks]
gh. Relate the height of the liquids with the (iii) Name the physics principle that the above
physical quantity that affect the rise of the situation [1 mark]
liquids in the glass tube. [5 marks] (b) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under
(b) Explain how a siphon works so transfer liquid from the sea. Explain how a submarine submerges from
DIAGRAM 9.2 the sea surface
one container to another. [4 marks] Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a (c) Diagram 8.3 shows the working principle of a
physics principle related to it. [4 marks] hydrometer. The depth to which the hydrometer
sinks in a liquid depends on the density of the
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a hidraulic jack which can liquid.
lift up a maximum mass of 1 metric tonne.

4
 (i) In diagram 9.3, explain why the mercury
Explain how you would design a hydrometer that can The student found that it was very difficult to lift the levels in the two arms of the manometer
determine a wide range of densities of liquid. Draw a paper. are at the same height.
diagram that shows the design of your hydrometer and in (i) Explain this observation (ii) In diagram 9.4, explain why the mercury
your explanation, emphasise the following aspects: (ii) Suggest the modification that needs to levels in the two arms of the manometer
(i) the stability of the hydrometer be done on the newspaper to enable the are at different height.
(ii) the sensitivity of the hydrometer newspaper to be easier to lift up. [4 marks]
(iii) the ability to measure a wide range of densities (c) You are a designer of airplanes. Explain how
of liquids 8. (a) Diagram 9.1 shows a student holds a sheet of you going to the wings of a plane. Explain how is
(iv) the calibration of the hydrometer paper in still air. Diagram 9.2 shows a hair the design helps to produce a lifting force on the
[10 marks] dryer is used to blow air across the upper airplanes. [5 marks]
surface of the paper.
7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a metal block immersed in
water of density 100 kgm-3, labeled as experiment A. 9. Johan wears two types of shoes for running on
Diagram 7.2 shows the same metal block immersed different grounds. Figure 2.1 below shows the shoes
in a salt solution of density 1100 kg m-3, labeled as worn by Johan when he goes jogging along the
experiment B. beach. He usually jogs without stopping for about 30
minutes. During his training session for the 400 m
track event on the stadium track, he wears spikes as
(i) What is meant by Bernoulli’s principle? [1 shown in Figure 2.2
mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare
the speed of the air on the both sides of the
paper. Relating the speed of air with its pressure Figure 2.2
to explain why the paper is lifted up when air is Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2
(i) What is meant by buoyant force? blow towards the top of the paper in Diagram
[1 mark] 9.2. (a) i. What is meant by pressure?
(ii) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2, [4 [1m]
compare the volume and the mass of liquid marks] ii. Observe Figure 2.1 and 2.2. Compare
displaced. Relate the buoyant force in the (iii) Name the physics principle that explains the the main features of the surface of the
two experiments to determine the readings above situation [1 shoes in contact with the ground,
of the spring balance. mark] condition of the ground and the time of
[5 marks] (iv) Explain the function of Bunser butner. Draw a contact during their use. Relate the
(b)(i) If the mass of water displaced in experiment A is suitable diagram to describe it. [4 functional use of the two types of shoes on
425 g, what is the buoyant force on the block in marks] different ground surface to deduce a
experiment A? (b) Diagram 9.3 shows a horizontal tube fixed with a relevant physics concept. [5m]
(ii) State the principle used to find the answer in (b)(i) manometer and the manometer is filled with (b) A 5-storey building has a mass of 6.9 x
(iii) Find the buoyant force on the block in experiment water. Diagram 9.4 shows an air current is 1010 kg and a ground surface area of 8 100
B. [6 marks] passed through the same horizontal tube with a m2. Calculate in MPa , the pressure exerted
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows an experiment carried out by constant velocity and the water lever in the two on the ground by the building.
putting a metre rule on a table and it was covered by arms of the manometer rises to different height. ( 1 MPa = 1.0 x 106 N m-2 ) [4m]
a sheet of newspaper. A student used his hand to push
the metre rule downwards.
5
 (c) Recently , many organizations try to (c) Diagram 9.4 shows a desk lamp placed on a desk (iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above
promote their image by having roadshow at used by a student. This type of lamp is not suitable situation. [1 mark ]
different places. One important piece of to be used as a study lamp. (b) A student standing near the beach could feel the cool
equipment they need is a large mobile breeze from the sea on a hot day. Explain how the
platform that can be assembled in a very cool breeze from the sea occurs.
short time Using the appropriate physics [3 marks ]
concepts, suggest and explain suitable (c) A parachutist intends to jump in the Artic region
designs or ways to build a mobile platform where the temperature ranges from – 72oC to 0oC.
that can be assembled and used Diagram 9.4 He needs to measure the daily temperature of the
Explain the modifications that can be made to region where he will be doing his jump by using a
i. on the field ii. in water
improvise the desk lamp used by the student. liquid-in-glass thermometer.
[10m]
Emphasize your explanation in the following (i) State two suitable characteristics for the liquid used
aspects: in the thermometer and explain your answer.
(i) comfort the person who will use the lamp. [4 marks ]
(ii) to reduce the heat transfer for the desk lamp (ii) Explain three other important characteristics in
(iii) the design of the lamp desk building the thermometer. [6 marks ]
(iv) safety features of the lamp
(v) the energy efficiency of the lamp
[ 10 marks ]
2.(a) Figures 9.1 and 9.2 show two types of metal
block of the same mass being heated using
CHAPTER 4: HEAT Figure 9.1(a) Figure 9.2 (b)
similar heaters for 10 minutes. Both metal
1.(a) Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 shows two different situations 3. (a) Figure 9.1(a) shows a boy pouring hot coffee into
blocks have the same initial temperatures of 30
that happen in our daily life. Diagram 9.1 shows a a cup. The hand of the boy is not scalded by the
oC. The specific heat capacity of copper is 387 J
hand touching a hot kettle and Diagram 9.2 shows a coffee droplets that are spattered from the kettle.
kg-1 oC -1 and 900 J kg-1 oC -1 for aluminium.
hand holding an ice. Both are having different Figure 9.1.(b) shows hot coffee spilling over and
temperatures. The arrow in both diagrams indicates getting onto his hand and his hand gets scalded
the direction of heat flow. because of the heat capacity in it.
(i) What is meant by temperature? [ 1 mark ] i) What is meant by heat capacity? ( 1 mark )
ii) Using diagrams 9.1(a) and 9.1(b) , compare the
situations , when the coffee droplets spatters on his
FIGURE 9.1 hand and when the hot coffee from the kettle spills
onto his hand. State the relationship between the heat
capacity and the mass . ( 5 marks)
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9,2, compare the temperature
(b) Explain why water is normally used as a
of the objects, the effect of heat experienced by the cooling agent in a car engine. ( 4 marks)
hands and the direction of heat flow. Relate the (c) An aluminium pan of mass 500 g is heated
direction of the heat flow to the difference in from 25° C to 105 º C . How
FIGURE 9.2 much heat is absorbed by the pan ?
temperature between objects which are in thermal (i) “The specific heat capacity of copper is
contact. [ 4 marks ] ( The specific heat capacity of almunium is
387 J kg-1 oC-1”? 910 Jkg −1 °C −1 ) (4 marks)
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze What is meant by the statement above?
which occur during the day. Explain this (d) As a researcher, you wish to produce an ideal
[1 mark ]
phenomenon. [ 5 marks ] cooking pan which saves gas for the purpose
(ii) Using Figures 9.1 and 9.2, compare the increase
of cooking. Using the appropriate physic
in temperature and the specific heat capacity of
concepts, suggest and explain the
the metals used. Relating the heat supplied, the
modifications required. (6 marks)
heat absorbed and the specific heat capacity of
the metals, deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks ]
6
 4. Diagram 9.1 shows a student standing at the 5. Diagram 9.1 shows an ice cube melting when solar water-heating system. The
edge of a swimming pool with his right foot on heat is absorbed from the surrounding. Diagram modification should include the following
a tiled floor while his left foot reaches into the 9.2 shows a kettle of water boiling when heat is aspects:
water during the day time. His left foot feels absorbed from the fire. (i) pipes design
colder than his right foot. On the other hand , if (ii) material used
this action is repeated at night his left foot that is (iii) heat absorption
in the water with feel warmer than his right foot
which is on the tiled floor, as shown in Diagram [10 marks]
1.2. DIAGRAM 9.1
DIAGRAM 9.2

DIAGRA (a) What is meant by heat? [1

M 9.1 mark] 6.(a) Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two mercury
(b) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, thermometers X and Y used to measure the boiling
DIAGRAM 9.2 compare the processes that take place point of pre water. The two thermometers have
(a) ( i) What is meant by heat? [1 mark] in both situations and the type of heat equal bulb volume but different capillary length.
(ii) Observe situation in diagram 9.1 and diagram needed for both processes to occur.
9.2. Compare the coldness of the floor tiles and Relate the processes with the type of
the coldness of the water in the swimming pool. heat needed to deduce a relevant
State the relationship between the heat content of physics concept. Name the physics
the floor tiles and the water in the concept involved. [5 marks]
swimming pool in both situations.
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the car engine radiator. Explain why
is water used in the cooling system of the car ?
(c) (i) Your body sweats when you are
feeling hot. How does sweating helps
to cool down your body? [ 2 marks ] (i) Explain what is meant by the sensitivity of
(ii) Explain why a scald from steam is a measuring instrument? [1 mark]
more serious than the one from (ii) With reference to Diagram 6.1 and
boiling water? [ 2 marks ] Diagram 6.2, compare the temperature
(d) Diagram 9.3 shows a simple solar measured by the two thermometers, the
water–heating system. Energy from the length of mercury threads, the diameter of
Sun falls on the solar panel. Water is the capillary tube and the sensitivity of the
DIAGRAM 9.3 pumped around the system so that a thermometers. Relate the length of the
store of hot water is made available in mercury threads and the temperature
the tank. measured, make a deduction regarding the
(a) In the car factory , En Ahmad realized that the
sensitivity of the thermometer and the
engine always become overheated. Using a suitable
diameter of the capillary tube of the
physics concept, explain the required modification
thermometer. [5 marks]
needed to design an engine that can operate longer
(b) Using your knowledge of heat capacities to
and to prevent damage to the engine due to
explain phenomena sea breeze and land breeze.
overheating. You should use your knowledge of heat
[4 marks]
to explain these suggestions, include the following
(c) A housewife decides to cook a meat. She is
aspects:
DIAGRAM 9.3 given two pots, a aluminium cooking pot and a
(i) the design and structure of the radiator.
clay pot.
(ii) the characteristic of cooling material.
(i) Explain which pot is more suitable to be used
(ii) the suitable of boiling point. [10 marks] Using suitable physics concepts, if the housewife want to keep the food at a
explain the required modification high temperature for a long time
needed in designing an efficient (ii) Give twp advantages of pot in (c)(i).
7
 [10 marks] materials to explain how you are going to make the (ii) it can be moved from one place to
simple cooking pot. another [10]
[10
marks] CHAPTER 5:LIGHT
1.(a). Diagram 9.1 shows a ray of light
directed perpendicularly at a side of the
semi circular glass block. The ray passes
8. Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2 show two test tubes through the glass block to a point O
7.(a) Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show a block of containing same mass of water and iron powder before leaving the glass block. The angle
copper and a block of aluminium of equal mass respectively. The water and the iron powder of incidence in the glass block is 30°.
heated by identical immersion heater of 50 W have different specific heat capacity, and they
each. are heated at the same rate.

Diagram 9.1
-1 o
Specific heat capacity of copper = 387 Jkg C -1 (i) What is meant by angle of incidence?
Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 Jkg-1 oC-1 Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2 (ii) Explain how total internal reflection
occurs in
The temperature-time graphs for the two experiments Temperature of water = 35oC Diagram 9.1 above? [4
are shown in Diagram 7.3 and Diagram 7.4 Temperature of iron powder = 85oC marks]
respectively. Specific heat Capacity of water = 4200 Jkg-1oC-1 (b) Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3 show two
capacity Specific Heat of iron powder = 460 Jkg-1oC-1 rectangular glass blocks with different
specific heat capacity ? optical density and refractive index. Ray
(b) Based on Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2, of light is directed toward the glass
compare the temperature and specific blocks with the same angle of incidence
heat capacity of water and iron powder. 30°.
Relate the change in temperature and the Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3
specific heat capacity to come up with a
conclusion of the physics concept
involved. [5]
(i) What is meant by specific heat capacity of a (c) When a few drops of ether is dropped on
substance? [1 mark] a student’s hand, his hand felt cool.
(ii) With reference to Diagram 7.3 and Diagram Explain how this happen . [4]
7.4, compare the mass, the change
temperature and the energy absorbed by the Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.3
objects. Relate the energies supplied to the Based on Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3,
objects, the masses of the objects and the (i) compare the densities of the glass blocks.
change of temperature of the objects, deduce (ii) compare the refractive index of the glass
a relationship between the specific heat Figure 9.3 blocks
capacity and the change of temperature of Figure 9.3 shows a food container used for keeping (iii) compare the angle of refraction of the
the objects. [5 marks] the food warm. Using the appropriate physics glass blocks
(iii) Find the mass of copper used in the concepts, explain the modifications to a food (iv) relate the angle of refraction, r and the
experiment. [4 marks] container so that density of the glass blocks.
(b) You are given some materials to make a cooking pot. (i) it is able to maintain the
The materials are copper, wood and aluminium. Using the temperature of food for a longer
time
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(v) relate the angle of refraction, r and the image that formed on the screen. [5 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, relate the refractive index with
refractive index of the glass blocks marks ] critical angle. [5 marks]
[5 marks] (b) (i) State two conditions under which light ray would
(c) Diagram 9. 4 shows a fibre optic. undergo total internal reflection. [2 marks]
(ii) Diagram 9.3 shows a light ray is incident on a piece
of Crown Glass of critical angle 42°.Draw the light
ray to show how a ray emerging from the Crown
Glass
Diagram 9.4
(c) While driving a car on a hot day, you may see a
mirage on the road. Explain how mirage occurred.
You are required to give suggestions to design [ 4 marks ]
a fibre optics which can works
efficiently. Using your knowledge on light, and (d) Diagram 9.5 shows a simple astronomical
the properties of material, explain telescope.
the suggestion based on the following
aspects; (c) Diagram 9.4 shows the structure of an optical fibre
(i) the refractive index of outer and inner layer used in telecommunications.
(ii) flexibility
(iii) strength Diagram 9.5
(iv) thickness By using two prism and a telescope in Diagram 9.5,
(v) density of the glass suggest modification that can be done to make a
binocular.
In your explanation,
2.A slide projector is used to view an image from a slide.
(i) draw the arrangement of the prisms and lenses
The power of the lens used by the projector slide is + Optical fibres are made of fine strands of glass. Each
(ii) draw ray diagram to explain how the image
5D. single glass fibre (inner core) is coated with a thin layer
form
(a) What is meant by power of lens?. [ 1 mark ] of another type of glass (outer cladding).You are
(iii) state two advantages using binocular compared
(b) A student used a slide projector to view the image required to give some suggestions in designing an
to telescope when observing far object on the
from the slide. When the slide is place nearer to the optical fibre which can carry more information.
ground.
lens the sharp image form on the screen as shown in Explain your suggestions base on the following aspects:
[ 10 marks ]
Diagram 9.1. (i) refractive index of the inner and outer glass
When the slide is place further from the lens the sharp (ii) the properties of material used for optical fibre
image form on the screen as shown in (iii) the thickness of the glass [10 marks]
3.(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a
transparent block made of a material with a
different refractive index. A light ray travel in 4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show light rays from
both blocks with the same incident angle, i. two identical objects passing through a convex
lens.Both situations produce real images. F is the focal
point for the convex lens

Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the (i) What is meant by a refractive index? [1 mark]
object distance, the image distance and size of image that (ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare
formed on the screen. Relate the object distance to the the refractive index, refraction angle and critical
image distance and the object distance to the size of angle between the two blocks. Base on Diagram

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 DIAGRAM 9.3

(i) State the function of the eyepiece. [1 mark]

(ii) State the characteristics of the image formed by a
microscope. [3 marks]
(c) You are given two convex lenses S and Q of
different focal length. Lens S has a longer focal
length than lens Q.
DIAGRAM 9.1 (i) Using the two lenses above explain how are
you would make a simple astronomical
telescope. [4 marks]
(ii) Suggest modification that need to be done
on the telescope to produce clearer and
bigger images. [6 marks]

6.Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 show light rays passing through a

(a) (i) What is meant by real image? [1 mark] DIAGRAM 9.2 convex and a concave lenses.
(i) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare
the object distance, the image distance and the size of (a) (i) What is meant by focal length? [1
image. Relate the size of the image with the image mark]
distance to make a deduction regarding the (ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram
relationship between the object distance and the size 9.2, compare the thickness of the lenses and
of the image. [5 marks] the effects it has on the refracted rays to
(b) Describe how you estimate the focal length of make a deduction regarding the relationship
a convex lens. [4 marks] between the thickness of the lenses and (a)(i) Define reflective index of a medium [1 mark]
(c) You are given two convex lenses, R and S, with focal their focal length. (ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare
lengths of 40 cm and 10 cm respectively. Both the [5 the light ray before and after passing through both
lenses are used to build a compound microscope. marks] lenses. And then deduce a physics concept. [5 marks]
(i) Using the two lenses, explain how you would build a (b) Diagram 9.3 shows the ray diagram of a (b) Explain why a fish in a pond able to see objects
compound microscope. [6 marks] simple microscope. around although there are obstacles. [4 marks]
(ii) Suggest a suitable optical device to modify the (c) You are given two right angles prisms to build a
microscope you built in (c)(i) to produce brighter periscope
image. (i) Explain how you are going to build a periscope.
(c)(i) supaya menghasilkan imej yang lebih jelas. [6 marks]
[2 marks] (ii) Suggest modification to be made to convert the
(iii) Suggest and explain a method to produce a bigger periscope to binoculars [4 marks]
image in the compound microscope.
[2 marks]
7. Figure 9(a) shows a submarine which uses a periscope
5.Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the parallel rays of to see objects above the water surface.
light directed towards the convex lenses J and K. Both
the lenses produce real images. F is the focal point for
each lens. Fe : Focal point of eyepiece.
Fo : Focal point of objective lens.

10
 (d) Figure 9(d) shows a man who is standing in a successfully drove off enemy ships with
swimming pool. the help of women and children using only
mirrors. How did the women and children
help Archimedes? [4m]

(c) Periscope using prisms are better than

those using mirrors
i. How does the prismatic periscope
function? [4m]
ii. How can a prismatic periscope be
modified to see distant object
(i) State your observation on the length of [6m]
his feet and explain your observation.
On a hot and sunny day, a driver sees a pool of water on [3 marks]
the road in front of him. The position of driver and the (ii) The depth of water is 0.4 m. calculate
pool of water are as shown in Figure 9(b). 9.(a) Diagram 7.1 shows the parallel rays of light
the distance of the image of the foot at directed towards the concave mirrors P and Q. In
(a)(i) Explain the meaning of refractive index [1 mark] point P from the surface of the water.
(ii) Based on your observations in the above figures, each diagram, C is the centre of curvature, CM is
[Refractive index of water = 1.33] the radius of curvature of the mirror and F is the
state the common characteristics. Relate the above
common characteristics to deduce a relevant focal point of the lens.
physics concept. [5 marks]
(b) Which mirror is used as the rear mirror of vehicles?
Explain your answer. [3 marks]
(c) Figure 9(c) below shows a spear which was thrown by 8. Figure 4 shows two ways of making a fire
a fisherman towards a fish in a pool.

(a) What is meant by centre of curvature? [1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2, compare the
curvature of mirrors P and Q and the effects on
Figure 4 reflected rays. State the relationship between the
curvature of the mirrors and their focal lengths.
[5 marks]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a girl standing in front of a
(i) Given that the spear did not hit the fish, concave mirror. The image formed in the mirror is
explain the observation. (a) i. What are the energy changes virtual image and bigger than original size.
[3 marks] involved?
(ii) Draw a ray diagram to show how the image [1
of the fish is formed. m]
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest a way which can be used by the ii. Based on your observations of the
first and second situations, describe the
fisherman so that the spear hit the target.
characteristics that differ in the Explain what happens to the image if
[1
situations. Then correlate the (i) the girl moves backwards 2 m (the focal
mark]
characteristics to develop a physics length is 0.8 m)
concept [5m] (ii) the concave mirror replaced with convex
(b) At the beginning of the century, a mirror
scientist by the name of Archimedes

11
 You may use the diagram to illustrate your answers.
[4 marks]

(d) You are given two pieces of plane mirrors measuring 4

cm x 5 cm and a long cardboard tube to make a periscope.
(i) Using the plane mirrors and other materials, describe
how you would make the periscope.
(ii) Explain why the images observed through the
periscope using plane mirrors are not very clear.
(iii) Suggest modification that can be made to the
periscope to produce clearer and bigger images.
[10 marks]

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