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THE LIBRARY THE INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES TORONTO

PRESENTED BY
ReT A.A. Vaschalde, C.SB*

a.i^

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(V

4!f

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in

2011 with funding from

University of Toronto

http://www.archive.org/details/gulistanrosegardOOsadi

THE

GULISTAN
(EOSE-GARDEN),
OF

SHAIKH SADl OF SHlRAZ:

J\.

IsTE^W EIDITIOlsr,

WITH

A Y

ABULA

11

Y,

FRANCIS JOHNSON,
SOMF.TIME rnOFESSOR OF ORIENTAI, LANGUAGES AT

THE COLLEGE OF THE ItONOVRABLE THE EAST INDIA COMPAXY, nAILEYBVRY.

HERTFORD:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN.

LONDON:
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE,
14,

HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN,

AND
20,

SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.

1863.

APR
STEPHEN

6 1943

AfSTTN",

-m

\.
PRINl'K.R,

HKRTFORD.

PEEFACE.

Sa'dI

is

justly reputed the Prince of Persian moralists.

The harmony

and richness of his language, the simplicity and chasteness of his

style,

the excellence of his precepts, and the unction that pervades the

whole, contribute to

render him the benefactor, the boast,

and the

honour of his country.

He was

born at Shiraz, then one of the prin;

cipal cities of Persia, in the

year of the Hijra 571,* (a.d. 1175-6)

Daulat but according to other authorities in a.h. 580, (a.d. 1184). Shah, in his " Tazkiratu 'sh Shu'ara," says that Sa'dl spent thirty years
of his early
life

in the acquisition of knowledge

then in middle age he

travelled through all the regions of Asia from the Nile to the Ganges.

He

is

said to

have made the pilgrimage to Mecca fourteen times.

life

The

last thirty

years of his
"VVlien

he devoted to solitude and religious con-

templation.
alike

performing a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, a place revered

by Christian and Muslim, he was taken prisoner by the Crusaders,

to labour in the

and put

trenches of Tripoli.
of

was ransomed by a wealthy merchant

From Aleppo who

;

this slavery

he

afterwards gave
pieces of gold.

him

his daughter in marriage with a

is

dowry of a hundred
ii.,

This incident

alluded to in the Gulistan (chap,

tale 32).

The lady

sorely exercised the poet's patience.

Once, says he, she reproached

father

me, saying
tivity

" Ai*t thou not he

whom my

redeemed from cap-

among

the Franks for ten dinars?"

I replied,

"Yes

he ransomed
It

* There exist some serious discrepancies among writers as to the year in which Sa'dl was horn.
p^cncrally admitted that

is

he died at a very advanced age,

is

viz.,
for,

120 lunar years, which make nearly 116

of the year of his death there can be
states that his age

solar.

If this be the case, then a.h. 571

as it
is

the year of his birth

Shlrtiz.

no doubt,

inscribed on his
died.

tomb near
this date

At the same time Daulat Shah

:

was 102

years

when he

To

we

object for the following reason

M. Michaud

in his " History of

the Crusades" states, on the authority of

the

M. Langles,

that Sa'dl was taken captive by the Franks soon after

commencement of the

sixth Crusade

about a.d. 1200 when, by

Daulat Shah's reckoning, the poet would

have been only about 12 years

old, a supposition altogether inadmissible.

IV

PREFACE.
for teu dinars,

me

aud sold me
the

into thy

hands

for a huudi'ed."

Sa'di

enjoyed dm-ing

life

patronage of the Atabek princes, a dynasty

which reigned

at Shiraz for about

120 years.

He

died in the year of

the nijra 691 (a.d. 1292), as

we know from

a memorial verse composed

on the occasion by one of

liis

friends, thus given

by Daulat Shah,

"He

was himself one of the Nobles, and thence the word

date of his decease/' viz.

7ioble

(^U-)

contains the

600;

and

^ = 90;

in all, 691.

The popularity of Sa'di is acknowledged wherever his wiitings are known. Even during his life his poems Avere sung by his countiymen, His genius was essentially of that in the palace and the desert. unfolding a truth by a pleasing character in which Orientals delight

narrative,

and embellishing such narrative with the graces of poetry.

to raise the character of his

In

this

manner he sought

countrymen,

and
are

to dii'cct

them

in the paths of probity and honour.

;

His writings
are

very voluminous

but the most esteemed among them are the

" Gulistiln," the "Bostiln," and the " Pand-Xama,"

to

works which
for

be frequently met with even in this country, both manuscript and

lithographed.

printed or

They form the text-books

is

beginners,

wherever the Persian language

Europe.

studied,

whether in Asia or in

In bringing out the present edition of the Gulistan, the Editor

feels

happy in acknowledging the debt he owes

to Dr. Sprenger, formerly

Examiner

at the College of Port William, Calcutta.

this laborious
is

To the

diligence

and criticism of

and learned

Orientalist, the student of the

Persian language

indebted for the most genuine and authentic version

of this masterpiece of Sa'di that has hitherto been published.

The

read-

ings of Dr. Sprenger's edition (Calcutta, 1851) have been chiefly adopted
in the present volume.

The Editor
the

also takes occasion to

acknowledge his obligations

to

M.

Ch. Defremcry, author of an accurate translation of the Gulistan into

French language

an

able

performance, enriched with numerous

annotations, chiefly historical

tain valuable information, of

and geographical.

These annotations conin the compilation of the

which the Editor

to avail himself.

Vocabulary has not scrupled

PREFACE.

To the European
not familiar.
Olearius

public the Gulistan has long been accessible, if

made a

translation of

it

into

German more than

by a Latin version
superior edition,

two centuiies ago. and several valuable

into English

After him, Gentius published at Amsterdam, 1G51,

folio,

a splendid edition, in

of the text, accompanied

notes.

This edition was reprinted and translated

sixty years since.

by Gladwin some
4to.

A far

containing both text and translation, was published at Calcutta by James

Dumoulin, 180C, large

and more recently an amusing,

if

not

altogether an acciu-ate, translation has been given

by

J. Ross,

Esq.
is

But the most masterly

tions of the

translation into our language

from the

pen of Professor E. B. Eastwick.

Gulistan, which

In

this translation the poetical por-

occur in almost

every page, have, for

;

the

first

time,

been

rendered into

English verse

and

it

may be

affirmed that Mr. Eastwick has

managed not only

to

render faithfully

and successfully the meaning of the author, but

of his spirit
to go.

to infuse a

good measure
be expected

and

raciness.

Beyond

this a translator cannot

The privilege of appreciating the force and marking the beauties of rhythm and alliteration which prevail throughout the original, and have so powerful a charm for the Oriental ear, is reserved as the
student's reward for the patience

and pains bestowed in the acquisition

attractive

of the language.

A more elegant and

an ornament

volume than Professor

from
the

Eastwick' s translation of the

press.
less

Gulistan has seldom issued

for the

It forms at once

di'awing-room table no
reflects

than for the library of the Oriental scholar, and

great

credit on the enterprise

and

taste of

Mr. Stephen Austin, of Hertford.

New

editions of the Gulistan, lithographed as well as printed,

come

out from time to time in India, in addition to those which are sent
forth from the British press;

and some of them are accompanied by a

serviceable these

vocabulary or analysis.
in regard to the Persian,
to the learner in

However
it

may have proved

afford little help

must be owned that they

parts.

making out the Arabic

present volume.

The Editor

confidently

hopes that the Oriental student will find these serious defects fairly
supplied in the

The
:

Gulistan abounds in sentences

of these,

and verses which arc purely Arabic

from the
Ivur'Jln
;

some are quotations

from the pen of

and some,

at least, of the verses are

Sa'di himself.

But, in every case, they constitute an important part

VI

PREFACE.

of the

work -too important

to

be

left

wholly ignored, or but partially

and scantily explained. erudition, has been recently An Arabic grammar, evincing mnch sound A new late of Trinity College, DubUn. published by Professor Wright, expected and copious language may also be
!,rammar of that energetic
shortly fi-om the

which pen of Duncan Forbes, LL.D, a name

for several

and kno^ among students of the Hindustani, vears past has been well Germany Of Arabic grammars published other Oriental languages.

that of EosenmiiUer that of Caspar!

is

perhaps the most useful, to which

we may add

and of

Schier.

Vocabulary which accompanies this the Editor compiled the transhad no intention whatever of gmng a edition of the GuUstau, he for the beHeving that all the assistance needful lation of any portion, been provided there. But after the last student would be found to have work to the press, he submitted the entire sheet had passed through the distinguished the view of profiting by that inspection of Dr. Forbes, with His opmion was that instruction. long experience in Oriental

When

scholar's

a translation, strictly the value of the work

literal, of all
;

and

for this

the Arabic portions, would enhance purpose he was kind enough to place
besides a dic-

manuscript volume contammg, at the Editor's disposal a the Ai-abic passages, classed of the GuUstau, a list of all
tionary
four

under

Traditions concei-ning heads:-!. Quotations from the Kui-'an;-2. or doctors of Islam ;_4. Muhammad ;-S. Sayings of the chief Shaikhs

Proverbs, and scraps of poetry.

With much

satisfaction the Editor has

suggestion of Dr. Forbes; and has endeavoured to comply with the Appenof the Arabic passages under accordingly inserted a translation The extra trouble thus imposed has dix A. at the end of the work. additions made will materially facihbeen light ; but it is hoped that the
tate the progress of the student.
i, ii. Forbes for an Analysis of all the Dr. to indebted further Editor work, together with his occurring in the tii-st book of the
is

The

Persian metres

own

found in Appendix B. explanation of the same, which will be

Hektford, 1st January, 1863.

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VOCABULARY.
^
^

A
p

a,

oh

ah

Also a particle of interrogation.

<-->I

p <^>o

dhglna, glass, mirror

drinking-glass.

t-->l

ah,

water; tears; anything liquid.

life,

<djl S/fl^, foolish,

simple; dolt, blockhead.

C-jUs^ ahi hay at, water of

lity,

immorta-

A
p

(ci^J^ ahlaht, stupidity, folly.

i5-'<^^ ahlahe,
thlls,

(o^*^ ^-'l ^* dahan, water of the

saliva.
i^V.^^ '-r''

a certain blockhead. the Devil.

mouth,

^* dida, water

A t^j**^}

of the eye, tears.

gold), white wine.

jJ^<_jI dhi %ar (water of

A j^l A

ihn, son.

u-^jj j^^

5?jm

zuhin, son of

J^

L_^l dhi zuldl, pure,

a wolf, a wolf's cub.

'lij\

limpid water.

ahnds- (pi. of

^1

2"5?)

sons.

jj-oiJ^ i-^W^

*\j\

ihd'^,

refusal, aversion,

p ,^t>^ ^\ ihd

ahndyi jins, those of the same species, character, rank, position, condition, or situation.

kardan, to refuse, reject. p j^^jltl dhdddn, fertile, inhabited, cultivated; replenished, flourishing. p asrT
dh-j'u, flood-tide.

p {jMy-^\ dhnus, ebony.

<-^^^^

ahwdh
;

(pi. oft_jli J5), doors, gates;

chapters

taxes.

A Jj\ ahad, age, eternity,

p Job

\j

td ha ahad,

for evermore, to all eternity.

A iTtJ^y^^^^ abu'lfawdns, father of cavaliers, or rather of those mounted on asses (here evidently a nickname given to a certain
stentorian preacher).

p *Jo JjT dh-dlda, water of the eye, tears.

p jl ahr, cloud.

j \^\ahri

dzur, winter-clouds.

A^^^\y\ ahawdni (dual of

father andmother.
A

c_->1

ah),

both parents,

A jUjI aordr

(pi.

of jU hdrr), just, righteous.

i\^\ abawdhu, hisparents.

father-

Ihrdr, acceptance; justification.

A At^'^y} jJraAzTW, Abraham (the patriarch), Bur-

Jj^l ahuhakr, name of Muhammad's in-law and successor.

named ^<^^ an nahly,

*11\

the Prophet, or (J^Ari'iangi,

name

of a

khalllu 'Ildh, the friend of God.

face), dignity, honor,

dynasty, to

whom

monarch of the Atabak the Gulistan is dedicated.

PjjI dh-ru (water of the

character, reputation
;

A 'ijJby\ ahuhurairat {ace. ijJr^ V^ ^^^ huratrat,

obi.
*;J T^ ij>^

rank, glory,

ahl huratrat,

father of the

p jjI ahru, the eyebrow.

little cat)

Jiy^

**^^^'

ewer, jug, gugglet.

;

pjjijol d5-iaA, water-drawer

water-carrier.

of a companion of Muhamfrom a favourite kitten he had. Many traditions and anecdotes concerning Muhammad have been recorded by him.

name

mad,

so called

<J^
p

L^^
djil,

dhe, a piece or a sheet of

water

a sip or

aJj>"I
A J^l

delaying; returning; future, belife

a draught of water.

longing to the next

*-::-^-J

or world to come.
;

A Cl^'l^^ ahi/ui
T Lli^lji

(pi.

of

bait), verses.

ajal,

appointed time, death

fate, destiny.

a/dhak, a Turkish word signifying dynasty of Per"father of the prince." originally they sian kings was so called were Turkumans, and reigned from 1148 to

A
:

J.5f-1

ajalla,

may (God) make

sin. pret.

resplendent or

render glorious (3 p.
jalla,

4th form oi ^\s>-

"he was
ajallu,

glorious," used optatively).

excellent,

1264 A.D. To the sixth of cated his " Gulistan."

them

SajjJi dedi-

A tJr^l
A

more or most

more

or

most glorious, noblest.

(

p (jlo'l dtash or dfish, fire; heat; rage, p ^AJ'l dtasJil or utishi, thou art
fire.

i\:>-\

ajldf{^\. of

i^ip^ jilf), base

fellows,

ignoble tyrants.

A JLaJi A

ittisdl, close

union, attachment.

A jls-l dhdd
A A

(pi.

of i^a^' aJtad), units, ones;

individuals, private persons.

Jjliji ittifalc,

agreement, consent, concurrence,

>^\s>-\

harmony; league; chance, accident, fortune,

fortuity; arrangement, p^jjl:^!

uhuda, singly. I love (aor. of

rt.
i

i._-o>-l uhihhu,

^l_.^^-l aJiahla,

J)^^
;

ittifalc

uftddan, to happen, chance, occur

to agree.

4th form of the

hahha).

\i\sG\ ittifdlcan, in

concert; by chance, acci-

Ajyis-i
A

ihtirdz, carefulness, caution, forbear-

dentally, fortuitously.

ance, abstinence.
(fern,

L::-JLftJ'^

ittafakat, it has united

rt.

of the

i^ibr*-!

i^^Z/aw, dreaming; nocturnal pollution.

8th form of the

^j wafaica).
^Ju
takty), devout, pious.

Jl/C^iv.* ihttmdl, bearing, sustaining,

putting

'Uiiji athiyds. (pi.

of

up with,

suffering, patience;
>ib,.N^-l

suspicion.

A a\aj\ itmdm, completion, accomplishment.

A c_-'yi atuhu, I turn
L-j\j tdha,

A jki- 1 ahad, one.

ahadtchum, one of them.

i_>k>i-^

by repentance

(aor. of rt.
xvdtv).

Jsiiksi-l ilida^

(fem. of J^1 ahad) one.

he repented," concave j

ihda
things.

7 hasanain, one of the two good

A |J1
K j\')\

atd' ,

he came. (3^^ atunl, he came tome.

athar), signs, marks,
vestiges, indica-

A i^Lasv-I ihsd7i, doing good, beneficence, kind-

dthdr, (pi. of J1

ness, well-doing.

traces,

prints, impressions,

tions

annals, histories, notable events.

i^j**'-^^

ahsan,

more

beautiful.

Ahsana, hath

A Ji athar, sign, mark, print, impression, vestige

;

done good; (in prayer) may (God) make good (3 p. sin. pret. of the 4th form of the
rt. ,j-u*aw

effect.

hasuna, used optatively).

j^j*u=-l

*3l
*-j1

ithm, sin, iniquity.

A A
athlm, sinful, criminal
;

^j-w*5-l

ahsin, do good (imp. of

ahsana).

sinner, offender.

A U.Ji athlman (ace.)

A A ^y:>-\ ijdhat, answering, acceding
acceptance, compliance, consent,
to,

'Li**-1 ahshds. (pi. of Lio- hasha'), bowels.

j^l..tfi-^

ihsdn, continence, chastity; besieging,

response, A

strength.
laii.- U'^/rts,

p C^/l:?-^

protect thou, keep,

rt. lii=>-).

guard, de-

^i^S

ijdhat Icardan, to answer, respond.

fend (imp. of the

A
Jb4.rs.
\

A ijl=^^ yaz^, leave, permission; dismissal.

A \j:^%.a::.!>'\

ahmad, more or most laudable. Ahmed,

of the

ijtama^t

(fern,
it

of the 8th form of

Achmet (one
A
(Jy^.^\

names of Muhammad).
;

the
A

rt.

J*^ jama^)

has united.
perform, diligence,

ahmak, foolish

fool,

blockhead.

j^A^^

ijtihdd, striving to

A p

J^JL.4.-\

ahmaktar, more foolish, a greater

care, effort, pains.

fool,

simpleton, or blockhead.
(pi.

A j>-\

ajr,

reward.

ij>-\ ajrahu, his reward.

A (J^j>-^ ahwdl
A

of

JU-

hdl), states, con-

A i)j^\ ujrat, recompense, reward, hire, wages;

fee, fare,

ditions, circumstances.

passage-money.

\~\

ahydt- (pi. of ^js^ haiy), tribes, clans,

U-1
families. i-rV^

^ 3\
of the 4th form of
optatively).

^_$\^\ ahi/dyi ^rab,familks

^^J ddma, concave j, used

or tribes of Arabia.

^\'}

^\

.-^ol

addma 'Udh aiydgood breed;

A U-^ akhd (ace. of ^\ aM)> brother (often

mahu,

may God

prolong his days.

respect
;

used for the voc.). <C]^\ \^\

aMd

'I

haliyat,

c>->^ adab, politeness,

brother in misfortune (ace. of <uLli^^i).

ing,

good manners

polite literature

teach-

ing, instruction.

A ^_^1>-1 aMidza, he made

^i>l>- concave j).

to ford (4th

form of
in-

AjI^jI idrdr, salary, allowance, stipend, pay.

A.P

cli^^U^^ aJdidzaka,

^,\

,^\ idrure,

a pension.

duced thee to plunge, has

p j;^! akhtar, star.

made

thee enter.

A J:J\

^S\

idruk,

attainment,

apprehension,

comprehension, intelligence.
abridgement, abbreviation,
PjU2:x=i-l

iLaii^-l iJMisdr,

A l!/,j1 adraka, he overtook (4th form of the

rt.

brevity,

compendium, epitome.

(^L>

daraka).

Jytl^ <^jjl adrakahu

^L>i^ ikhttsdr karclan, to cut short, abridge,

curtail, epitomize.

ghark, drowning overtook him.

A *Jl

ddam, Adam.

/Jl

^^
;

haul ddam, the

>L:i>.l ikhtiyur, election, choice, option, pre-

sons of

Adam,

i e.

mankind.
;

ference, selection

self-control

free

and

in-

p (ff'^Ol ddamt,

human

man thou art a man.

dependent action A
iXri-l a]Jiaza,\).Q

will, pleasure.

p ^L^c>t ddamiydn,

men, mortals, descendants

took. 'i\^\ (i3S:>~\ aldicizathu

of

Adam.
,

i^zzatu, pride seized (or took

hold of) him.

r a^sc^

^Jl ddaml-bacha, child of man.

A js-T dJchar,
fine.

last,

end

after all, at least, in

A i-^Jl ddamlyat, humanity.

p iJ\
;

Akhir,

last, latter,

A c:jU>-L:>-\ ikhrdjdt

(pi.

of

-t^^^

(c-*^! udann-zdda, born of

man, human.
being,

?M''/))

outgoings, outlays, expenses, disbursements.

A i"p-T ukhirat, future state, next world.
.\ ukhra' (fem. of j>-\ dkhar), another. A tJ.=rFj-

p
p

g*^Jl ddamiyi, thou art a

human

^^Jl

udamiyc, a certain man.

A ^Jj\ adna", nearer, nearest; lower, lowest;

smaller, smallest, lesser, least.

^rf ^
p

.\

akhzar, green.

.>ss^^

akhgar, charcoal, embers.

ikhlas, sincerity;

A u--w^^ adlb, courteous

affec-

learned

tutor, in-

A^^L^-^

genuine piety;

structor.

^_^Jl>^^ c-?j1

adabu

adlb,

the

tion or attachment.

master's instruction.
of ^_*5^ kJmlk),
habits,

A i^l^^ akhldh

(pi.

A p *j jl adim, face

surface of the earth

goat's

manners, morals, dispositions, tempers.

leather perfumed,

which

is

brought from
's

^\

akhu, brother (nom. of

(pi.

-il

aJdi).

Arabia, Morocco leather. samd, expanse of heaven.

p
<U.j

U^^ J jl adimu

A ;^^^^^ ikhwdn

of

j.\
;

akh),

brothers,

Jl ddlna, Friday

(Muhammadan

sabbath).

brethren (not by birth}

\slA\

comrades, friends.
safu,

^^^

ikhwdnu

's

brethren of

k\J\

aza', vexation, trouble.

purity (name of a confraternity, to which is ascribed the authorship of various works, one of which has been published).
A its>-\ nkJiuaat, fraternity, brotherhood. p \j\ add, pronunciation, voice.

A \j\ ltd, -when,

whenever (future sense)

lo

A iJl dzar,
idolater.

name The

of Abraham's father, and an last lunar winter-month.

J jl

azall, vilest, basest.

A ^<S\

izn, leave, license,

permission. Izn or a%n,

A
A A

'\i^\

add', payment, performance.

knowing.

Uzn, the ear.

^i"Jl

t-_>^Jl

dddb

(pi.

of

i^j\

adah), good
;

man-

A c/-M
hurt,

aza', injury.

azan (ace), injury,

ners
a\j>^

ceremonies, courtesies

morals.

hann; contumely.
harm, annoyance.

addma,

may

(he) prolong (3 p. oin. pret.

hS\

aziyat, injury, hurt,

J' V j\ dr, bring, biing out

vj\ ar (for X^ y^).
ifi

-^J

(rt. f^i^j^\

dvardan).

tj^j^

arsldn, a lion

slave

name

of several

what though, although.

kings of Persia of the Seljuk dynasty.

A 'id\j\ iradat, wish, desire, will, inclination

A f^j\

ar%, earth, soil, land, country.

<L?jl

Jl
in

purpose, meaning teachable docility. teachableness,

;

disposition,

al arz, the earth.

J, fl arzthi,

His

earth,

Irza,

be thou pleased (imp. of

p ,^y^\j\ drdstan, to adorn,

fit

out, equip; to

the vb. ^j-^j raziya).

prepare.
p iz^\j\ drdsta, adorned, decorated.

A _i^\
rest,

irfa-^, raise

thou, elevate (imp. of _i

.).

p ^\j\ dram,

drdm i^^y^f giriftan, to take rest, to rest, to repose.

quiet. p

A^

^j\

arkdn

(pi.

of

^j
iJ^J^

ruhn),

pillars,

buttresses.

d^jJ
may

arhuni daulat,

pillars of the state, V.e.'ministers.

A [j^\J^ ardmil (pi. of i^j\ armal), widows; distressed, poor persons.

p

j*jl

dram, I

bring

(rt.

^i^j^\ dvardan).

^y^\j\
still

drdmldan, to

rest, repose,

become

p (^i^r^^l dramidan, to repose.

and quiet.

p ^\j\ drdi, adorn thou (rt.

^J^j\

drdstan).

p !iS^j\ dramlda, rested, reposed abated, assuaged. p p

Sj\ arra,
4_fjl

moderated,

V fjLi\j\ drdyish, ornament; preparation.

a saw.

dri,

thou mayest bring

A ^->V

)^

arhuh

(pi.

of l-Jj rabh), lords, masters.

(rt. i^*^j}\ )

^ix^
sons.

pjl
^-'VJ^
c:-^-.Jb
;

dz, avarice, desire.

(ifio.hi

ma<^cC spiritual per,

V j\ az,

^^VJ^ arbdbi himmat, high-

than
p J\j
1

from; among; of; above; on account of with by.

; ;

beyond;
to

minded
A ^lijj^
height
p

liberal^persons.

dzdd, free.

(^*xi S\j

dzdd shudan,

irtifdi,, exaltation, elevation, altitude,

;

be liberated, to be free.

revenue,
rare,

(^"^
ifOljT

(^Ul

azdd

kardan, to free, set free, liberate, release.

^.j^j\ arjmand,

worthy, dear

noble,

p i^li jljl
free

dzddagdn

(pi. of

dzuda), the

honoured, distinguished, illustrious.

from worldly

cares, the religious.

jc^^

ar'kha\

more

or

most flabby,

flaccid, or

pendulous.
p

p iX'^ljl dzddagl, freedom, liberty.

^MAi jJ:n^j\

ardsher Idhahdn, the 1st king

ifjljl

dzdda, free.

of the 4th Persian dynasty or Sassanides,

Pjljl dzdr, vexation, sorrow, grief, grieving,

trouble, soreness, pain ; (in comp. hom^^i^j\j uzdrdan) tormenting, tormentor,
\

was the son of

a shepherd

who married

the

daughter of one Babak hence the name. He was cotemporary with Commodus.
p (Jl^;!^^

ci^^

^^^* lihisht (like paradise),

name
A
^j^jj\

of the second Persian month (April).

p ^'^J^j dzdrdan, to vex, grieve, trouble. p ^1 jl az dn, on that account, for that reason, hence, thence. p
^Ji*J

arzak (pi. of jjjj rizk), possessions,

arzdnl ddshtan, to give, bestow,

1^1

J^

dn pas,

after that, afterwards.

riches.

."i

^*?!-,)

tiU

)^

p UsTl j\ az dnj'd, from that position, on account of that (high) place since, forasmuch,
;

confer, grant,

make

over,

inasmuch.
p Isaji jl az inj'd, from this place, hence. p J j\ az bar,

.; iT

drsu, wish, desire, eagerness, earnestness.

;

p i^^/)j\ arzldan, to be worth

to suit.

by heart. by

ij'^^y^T^ j^ ^^
rote,
for, for
of.

^'^^

khwdndan,
p ^^ji
\\

to repeat

p (^S^jj\ arzliang, the house, studio, gallery,

portfolio, or

drawing-book of the painter and

az birdi,

on account,

the sake.
-^<j
\\

impostor

Mam.

V jji^

\\

az bahr, for the sake

Ij^ri-

p ^S^jj^ arzhangl, like the gallery, or worthy of

az bahri Mtidd, for God's sake,

p ^>-^l^^ *-/^ j^ az

the portfolio of Mani.

pdi uftddan,

to fall

down.

^J
p c^A*u tjl> j1 as

u_^*
jl::.-i\

pui
az

past, decayed, sapped,

W5^a<?,

teacher,

master, preceptor, in-

undermined.
p ^iX^I

structor,

pedagogue.
<ijl:;Lj|

j^

tJ'l'

J^

pdi dar dmadan,

to fall

p j^li-j| usldti (or

dstdna), threshold.
satin.

inJ;o distress.

A p ^-y^\

istabrali, a

kind of thick

A *1=>-Jj^ izdihdm, crowd, throng, concourse,

press, pressure.

&.j\:iz^\ istitdr,

concealment.

AjULs^i
gate.
\jbjj)j\

istihkdr,

deeming

or regarding as

VjJj\
p
Ifc^Jjl

az dar,

by the door or

despicable; contempt, disdain.

azdarhd or
;

azhdarhd, large snake,

A jjU-sLjI

istihkdk, merit, deserving, desert.

serpent

dragon.

A c^a-ji^Uji

istahyaitu, I
rt.

am

ashamed, I blush

p
p

i^'^jj
s>^j
; I

dzardan, to vex, pain, distress.

dzarda, vexed, grieved, pained, dis-

(10th form of the

A
(

y_^f^ hayiya).

flisa-jl uttkhfnf, holding light or cheap,

slight, disesteem, depreciation.

tressed.

A ^j\\

azrak, blue, azure, cerulean.

j^ls^l
^^kxJ\

istikhlds,

liberation,

deliverance,

p ^j^\^ ^jj\ azrak-plrdhan, clad in a blue vest.

"P

rescue, the effecting of a release.

y>- ^jj\ dzarm-ju, mild,

'

tolerant, patient.

mtukliwdn, bone

stone of fruit.

ijyr (jj p^jl az ru, on

p A^ jl a%
lei,

nzarm-jute, a pacific person.

the ground, or score.

-pj:^\ astar, mule.

A axlk:-:^ istitd^at, power, possibility, ability.

from whom.
(pi.

A jl^iii-)!

istizhdr,
tstie.drat,

imploring aid or protection.

A i^j\ azimmat
P

of *\^j zimdm), reins.

A
A

itjlicu.:!

borrowing.
capacity,

c)^yV

'

"2wu<?w, to try, prove, experience.

jljk*::-,^!

isti^ddd,

genius,

skill,

p Jy;l dzmuda, tried, proved, tested.

aptitude, aptness.

p^\
p
(_^j

azw, from him, from her, from

3Tt 5r,

it.

Kj\sijc^\ istighfdr, asking forgiveness.

p J jji
J^

above him, higher than he.

Kjkx:^\ astaghfiru, I ask pardon.

s<fl^A/?rw7/a^,

<dJ!

_8je-.j^

az vai or tcj, from him.

<^2

laskpardonof God.

ul^-ftjcujl

p L_>;^j-^ J'
scription
;

^^^ dare, of every kind, or deall topics.

adaghfiruka, I ask pardon of thee.

Idaghjir,
rt.

on

ask forgiveness (10th form of the

jii).

^ c^-J^
this
;

<^2i (for

^\ j\
;

az In), from this; than

at this

of this.

U^j

azin

A JUb..;^ istikbdl, going to meet, greeting, giving a reception.

AjKii-j^
istikrdr,

sahah, for this reason.

confirmation,

settlement,

^ c>Wj^ azmdw (for ^^\ j\ az Indn), of these. P U*^ ijJj^ ''^zm JA, more than this. ^

firmness.

A ^l^ar

.... ^ ^

tstt'ksds.,

strict investigation, curiosity.

Tj\y:^\

ustutcdr,
;

firm,

strong,

fast,

tight

U*^

(jij^ ^^^'^ i'^*^> formerly,

heretofore

sound, valid
p (J-Sm-;!

henceforth.

faithful, true.

P \^\Jj^ azinjd, hence. a*Lj1 asd^a, he sinned, did evil (4th form of
'Lj sdta, concave

dstln, sleeve.
istis-nds, familiarity,

A i^\uxx^\

intimacy.

Aj^l
A
<

isrdr,

doing anything in private, secret

tcdw').

p j^Lsl asdn, easy.

acting.

^_jj\jJ\ tsrdrl,

^'^^L:! dsdntar, easier.

f^j^\ isrdf,

my

secret acting.

p^^L-l

dsdyish, tranquillity, ease, rest, repose.

extravagance, prodigality.

A S-jV-j^ asbdb (pi. of u_.-^--j sabab), causes, means; goods, chattels, furniture.
p 4^->^ asp, horse, steed.
p C^^il
ast, is.

i^jA-sl

as<^\ I (wiU) endeavour, work, exert

(aor. of the rt.

myself

^jt^

jfl'),

he strove.

AjjuX-sl hkandar, Alexander.

A <LjjJcLj1 hkandarlyah, Alexandria in Egypt.

^\
A *i^\ islam, the true
the religion of p p
j^I^-^jI

:]

faith, Islam,

Islamism,

<-_.J-ii

dshub, terror, confusion, disturbance,

J(_->^-ll ds/^uS^rt;-,

Muhammad,

orthodoxy.

tumult.

more perplexing,

dsman, heaven, sky.

confounding, bewildering.
p (^L-il dshydn, nest.
to the

j_jU-<;!
_yu<;l

dsmdm, heavenly.
asma-,,

more or most agreeable

<_->lsr^l

ashdb

(pi.

of ^.^a.l^ sahib), masters,

;

ear, or

worthy of being heard.

asudan, to
rest, to repose, to

owners, possessors

companions, comrades,

tot>j-sl

be tran-

friends.

i-Ji^S l-jIs"*! ashabi kahf, tenants

quil

to be refreshed, or regaled.
still,

of the cave, the^seven sleepers (of Ephesus).

p li>^^\ dsuda, at rest,

quiet, at ease.

A p

..s'^**^

Istakhar, the ancient

capital of

name

of Per-

sepolis,

Ji(J-jl

dsudatar, easier, more easily.

Persia during the three

p LmjI d5yd, mill. ^^J-i

^W

first

dynasties.

nsydyi garddn,

J-tf^ asl, root, origin,

principle

lineage, race.

revolving mill-stone.
p
ig'^---'

A \J\ aslan, not at

A

all,

by no means.

L-;l dsyd-sang, mill-stone.

^-^\
aliUsl

isna-^,

do thou (imp. of j-i^).

(pi.

p ^-'--jI dsih, trouble, injury, calamity.

A A

iJl^Mj*!?!

aswdt

of LZJ^), sounds, voices.

Kj^\

aslr, prisoner, captive, slave.

aslri, captivity.

izdfat, addition, adjunct,

supplement,
izafa

A ^^j^\
souer.

Aslre, a certain pri-

augmentation,

(.('^^'J

^L?^

namu-

dan, to add, to appuiul.

^\

ash,

him,

his, her, hers,

it, its.

^JJ>\ azallu,

lose,

am

lost (aor. of (J-s).

A iiLil ishdrat, sign, signal, intimation, hint,

suggestion, signification, denotation.

Jll?l atdla,
rt.

he lengthened (4th form of the

p |^u\-^l^

dshdmldan, to

sip,

or drink.

concave j). i.^ <d!^ J^^ atdla Hldh ^mrahii, may God lengthen his life (the

JU?

tdla,

Jiil-ll

ushdhidu, I behold (aor. of the 3rd

rt.

pret. is

used as the optative).

(pi. of (pi.

form of the

S^^).

A 'til atibbdi

^^~i?

tablb), physicians.

A JcJjI ishtadda, he waxed strong (8th form

of the
rt. iXZi

A (_JU!s^ atrdf A A

of L-iJ^ taraf), distant

;

shadda).

quarters, directions
Jlftl?!

extremities.
tijl),

p yi-il ushtur, camel. V j\y^ j:^\ ushtur- suwdr, mounted on a camel.

A*l.i^A-i^ ishtihus-,

atfdl (pi. of Jils

ittildz^,

infants.

c^!?l

investigation,

discovery, in-

appetite, desire.

formation, knowledge, acquaintance.

A^j,:i-i^ ishtahd' , he desired or longed for (8th

tui?l

utlub, seek

thou (imp. of L_^il?).

form of the
i_^lr)

rt.

-^^).

U#

<L;Jj

^^_

j^li

^*
md

A ^_/J^^ atlas, satin.

A cl^^ itmd^, excitement, incitement, causing

to desire or hanker.

^.^A-i^

inan kdna laina yadaihi

ishtaha "rutahun, he who has in his hands what dates he has an appetite for.
A ,-li asharr, worse,

J^\

azallu, I

would continue, I would not

rt.

more

or

most wicked.

cease (aor. of the

A 'iS^\

Ji?

zalla).

A W-ii^ ishribu, drink ye (imp. of <__\-i). A jU-l^ ash-Jlr

(pi.

iaddat, repetition, recital,

rehearsal;

of^xi shi^) poems.

revisal.

p |^-A-i)l dshuftan, to be disturbed, confounded.

A jjlxcl

iMk, manumission,

liberation.

A 'L?^^ ashkiydt

A iLi^l iitibdr, respect, regard, reverence.

(pi.

of ij&-l shakiy) thieves,

criminals, wretches, miscreants.

A JlkJwxl iUiddl, equity, moderation

brium, symmetry, just proportion.
A c:^^JC>^

equili-

p \jl\-l

dshkdrd, evident, visible, manifest, public, apparent, known, revealed.

1 1

iUadalat, she

becomes

(or
rt.

they

p UJj

dshnd, (pi. ^^l)

u^

),

friend, acquaintance.

become) straight (8th form of the

J J**).

:^^\
A

hi\

j^l^l
sistance.

i^trdz,

opposition,

objection,

re-

A ijX^S a gh dni (pi. of <ii;^^ u gh nlyat). songs.

As.\ aghlah, most, greater part, most part,

A i^^j:^] iUirdf, confession, acknowledgment,

avowal.

the majority.
T (_^Xii\ u gh lamish, a king of Turkistan,

who

A jlibil i;tihud, A jLc>^ i:timdd, A Mjoii

belief, confidence.

reigned towards the year 656 of the Hijra. He was the son of Jingiz Khan.

trust, reliance, confidence.

A
flc.rfai(pl. ofj4i>

'\^'-^\

aghniydi
\

(pi.

of ^^xi ghaniy), rich men.

;

caduw),

foes,

enemies.
p

<u'j>r.l

a-.dds.ihi,

(upon) his
or
or

foes.

1^^

dghpsh, embrace bosom servant, slave.

;

fjS-\ az.dal,
fcJ"Jkc'

more

most

just, juster.
hostile.

A jLx^ a gh xjdr
strangers.

(pi. of -^i

ghair) others

rivals

A
A

a^a\ more

most

A
e^}jS-\ a-jrulltj,

jjlil

dfdTi (pi. oi (j^\ ufli), quarters of the

Arab, Arabian.

world, horizons.
face, refusal.

A ^1/^^

t'cTag,

turning
the

away the

j.t;^5li^

afdnin

(pi. of ^^Ixs^),

many

branches.

A k_jLci

a-jraf,

boundary line between

ail

dfat, calamity,

mishap, disaster.

the paradise and hell of the

Muhammadans.

r t__>l:J! dftdh, the sun.

A 'Uici a^zat(pl. oi j^ds. ^uzio or ^zw), limbs,

p i^ITjIiJI uftddagdn

(pi. of id\:ij\ uftdda),

the

members.
A 'Ikti
i-Jdi, giving, offering, bestowing.

fallen, the unfortunate,

^)t-^l:ii^

uftddan, to

fall,

drop, alight, light

*lic\ a-^ani, greater, greatest.

to befal, happen, occur, chance,

flags,

A /Icl
tion,

addm

(pi. of

As- ^alam), banners,

> jliil iiftada, fallen,

dropped

still,

at rest,

standards.

Icldm, making known, informa-

not fl}ing; humble, submissive.

announcing, notification.

(^l:iil

uftdn, falling.

A ^Ici iddrif open acting, outward conduct.

^Jk.\

Ajlsrvsi iftikhur, glory, boast,

iddni,

my

public or outward conduct.

p |^.ij>-Lil afrdlvhtan, to raise, exalt, p ^yi^j J^ afrohhtan, to set on

light (a fire),
fii'e
;

lift

up.

A *ix\
of

u-^allimu, T teach (aor. of the

2nd form

to kindle,

calima, he

knew.

<Ulc.| u-.allimuhu,

I teach

him.

p ^<^,y>

dfrldan, to create,
dfrlda, created.
dfirln,

A j_5^' aja', most high, supreme, highest, uppermost. A Jlfl a^mdl

actions.
(pi.

aSiM

p ^ji,ji\

applause, acclamation,

bene-

of

Ji

carnal),

works,

acts,

diction, blessing; (in

comp.) creating, creator;

A U-fl i-^alu, perform ye (imp. of

J^

z_amala).

(^ rJl ^J^^ jahdn-djinn, world-creator. p i^Ju^M afirlnish, creation.

p i^^}js\ afzudan, to increase, augment. p <)Jlwj\ afsdna,

A jy:l

ac^wz?<,
.

I take refuge (aor. of jlc pdza,

concave

wdto).
4>..^1

A Jl^^I a-Jiad, I covenanted (gezmate of

aJiadu, aor. of
Jl^.x:).

charm;

fiction, figment, tale.

J>^^1 Jl
?

/am a Jia<?,

p ^J^Ail afsurdan, to wither, flag. p

did I not give a charge

aJ^l

afsurda, spiritless, apathetic, drowsy,

A c;

"

'

<'tS'" (P^- ^

tiT^ j^am), eyes

cold, dull, lifeless.

;

nobles,

chiefs.

c:-^2^ ^'^^

a-jydni hazrat,

A *Lli\ ifshdi, divulging, exposure,

nop jjjJliJl afshdndan, to scatter, shake.

bles of the court,'lords of the presence.

pjUl d^az,
set up.

beginning, commencement. jLcT

to begin,

A J-oil afzal,

more or most

excellent, choicest.

^Jl^i dgjidz nihddan,

commence,

vjA^\
Pj^Jp

afzaltar, better,

more

excellent.
fast.

jlksl iftdr kardan, to break a

U\

A ic*i^ /t'> snake, viper. r i^\x!\ afffh dn, lamentation, alas A

p
\Ls\
!

p p
lie.

^y^^ aknun, now,

(<&o
I

just now, at present,

notice.

dguM, information,

ifkan (ace. of (J,>j^ /X), falsehood,

to throw, cast,

p^l
p

agm-, if; although.

1

^kiuOl afgandan,

throw down,

p <)c>-p

agarchi, although.
to
fill,

upset; to strike, hit.

^^xS\ Ugandan,

cram,

stuff.

A ^jjAi\ A
i1il

iflds,

insolvency, poverty, beggary.

iX^

dganda,
I

filled,

crammed,

stuffed.

afwdh

(pi.

of i^i fuh), mouths

rumour.
p J iS:S

dganda-par, stuffed with feathers.

AJil afuzu, (that) I might

(aor. of the rt. jli fdza,

get, gain, or

triumph
p

concave j wdw).
A

^^\
J
I

dgahl, information, intelligence, notice,

dl,

A iJj^^ alcdrib

(pi.

of ^-^^.ji Tcarlh), kinsmen,

family, race, house, dynasty.

Jjl J

J
and

dla dds-ud,
relations, relatives.

house of David

(the accusative

*Ji\i\

ahdllm

(pi.

of *Jj^ ikllm), climates,

serves for the vocative).

(on) his family.

^\

wa

dlihi,

climes, regions.

A JlJfl

iJcbdl,

advancement,

good

A Jl
fortune,

al,

the (Arabic article, always prefixed

to the noun).

prosperity, felicity.

l^JLil ikhdlalmmd, the

A A

)!1

aid, holla alia (for ^

ho

good fortune of them both. A

'^

jail iktiddi, taking as an example,

(i^jjJs

making

l^

an

Id),

that not (a particle

;

(one) an exemplar

kidwat or kudwat).
to imitate.

that nasbates the aorist)

as

\^S^

^^

alJd
)!

p^Jp
A
A^jJsl

\s^\ iktidd kardan,

ta^hudu, that ye worship not.

llld (for

^^\

ikddm, coming forward, advancing;

effort,

in Id), if not, save, except, unless, but what.

attention,

diligence,

promptitude?

\j

^\

aid td, ho

beware

that.

eagerness,

p ^^v*-* /^J^t ikddm namudan,

A
A A

<-->lJl

alldl (pi. of c__J lull), hearts, souls,

to advance, to approach.

minds.

AjlJl

ikrdr,

confession,

acknowledgment,

ill

dlat, tool;

organ (of generation).

avowal; assertion; acquiescence, favourable

leaning.

*lsn.Jl iltijd^, fleeing for refuge; entreaty, re-

quest, petition,
to seek refuge.

p ^'^y, Is^Jl

iltijd

lurdan,

A ^-^l akrah, nearer, nearest. A

A

^1
t^\
az

akall, smaller, smallest, least.

A w^'liJl A p iJU:Jl A

iltifdt,

attention,

regard, courtesy,

ikllm, region, country, climate, clime.

|^/*-ijl jl

respect; heed, notice.

iltifdte,

AP^,*-liWX-^me,oneregion. ^xtJjlj

a regard, a look.

ikllme ha iklime, from one country to another country, from clime to clime.
(pi.

jJl allatl (fern, of

(pi.

^JiH

allazt),

who, which.

A j^ls-l alhdn

of

,^^

lahn), notes, sounds,

A J 1^1 akdhir

oijS\ aklar), the

rich, nobles,

modulations, tones, tunes.

grandees, magnates.

A
;

Jk/>sM al

hamd, praise.
to

<dl

Xks'1 al hamdu
of

A.j^\ akbar, greater, larger

sorer, severer.

Wlldh, praise be

God (commencement

A c^^-uuOil iktasalta, thou hast acquired (8th

form of

^MJ^ kasaha).

zd iktasabta,

L::^-u,ail \j\^niu what hast thou gained ?

the opening chapter of the Kur'an). i^X^\ al hamde, one such ejaculation, or chapter.

A
A

t_5 JJl allazt,

A,\'\\

who, he who or he whom.

;

A a\J>\ ikrdm, respect, honour, observance. A

ilzdm, forcing; obliging

confutation

J^\

akmal, more or most perfect.

keeping close (equivalent to

^U

lizdtn or

A ^^\ akun, I am, I became, I may be (gez-

iUjL muldzamat).
A
(

mate of i^^\ akunu, aor. of j^o kdna, concavoj wdw, and governs the ace).

j'dall

flZ<a/(pl. of

iy

lutf), benefits, fa-

vours, kindnesses.

l\

lT*
(pi.

A uJll

alif,

the letter

ij' ij!
"

'^^

alif he

A Jll^l amthdl
aphorisms.
p
ci-.A-.-kX*!
t_::^-~j^

of Jl.^ mathal),

equals,

te, a, b, c,

the alphabet.

fellows, likes, resemblances; fables, proverbs,

^\

idfat, friendship,

attachment, intimacy,

familiarity.

dmadast, hath come (poetically for

A i^^\
to

al-hissa,

upon the whole,

ilf\

to

sum

up,

ifX*l

dmada

ast).

make

short of the story.

al ilah)

p ^jj'^\ dmadan, to come,

A i^\ allah (originally

is

God.

Allah

used by

all

nations that profess

MuhamI

r i-.vl dmada, come, arrived,

madism, whatever language they speak. Aw

(JLO' alldh
ta-jlla',

p (_CiX*y dmade, would come, of coming, used to come.

was in the habit

''*

God most God

high.

A.j^\ amr,

command,

^^j ^ y^

nahj,
and
for-

A ^Jji alluhumma,

command and
bidding
; ;

prohibition, ordering

A (T-l^^ almas, diamond.

A

absolute authority.
(pi. of^--^^

^^\

altcdn (pi. of ^^,^ laun), colours

sorts,

A *L^^ umardi-

amir), commanders,

various sorts, varieties.

A.

princes, emirs.
!

c\j^\ alwidd^, farewell

I

adieu

Jj^\ amrad, beardless and handsome.

r 1^ Jj!

aludan, to stain,

soil, defile,

pollute.
;

p \}y*\ imroz, to-day, this day.

V *JjS

dluda, defiled, soiled, polluted

steeped.

i_-A.u*.^l

imshah, to-night, this night.

p Jjjli alwand,

name

of a high

mountain in
Isfahan.

A
A

'LsL*^ imzdi, transmitting, despatching, car-

Hamadan, eighty leagues from

A
<OjJ\

rying through, accomplishing.

(^Ix.^^ imzM.n,

alwiyat

(pi.

of M! liwa"-), flags, standards,

advancing far into, penetrating.

ensigns, banners.

<i!l

ildh,

God.
divine.

JaJ ^U.^^ im^dni nazr, gazing, directing of vision, careful glance, mature consideration.
A ^Ix^^ imJidn, possibility, power.
at.

A P(C\Ji

ildJil,

A /y\ ila\
ilcH

to,

towards, as far as;

^^^

1\

A %i)\

amlam, I

fill

(aor. of rt. t^).

\^\ o^\i
to
fill.

man, towards whom, towards him who.

ilaiyd' , to

fa azallu amla^u, then would I continue

A jj\
A

me, unto me.

A *L1

imld!-, filling u]).

(pi.

A cJL*\ amldk

of lL^I^ mulk), goods, pos-

CXJ^

Hatha, towards thee.

for you.

sessions, property.

A fS^\ Haiku m, to you,

A j,^\

umam (pi. of <t*\ ummat),

\

peoples, nations,

A *J1 allm, painful, excruciating.

sects.

<ull ilaihi,

unto him.
but.
butt,

^t

dmin, protect thou, render secure (imp.

I

A \^\
p

ammd,

of ^j^

dmana, 4th form of the rt.

(pi. of

^j.^^

amina).

^*^l dmdj,
distance.

mark

for archers;

bow-shot

A -J^y*^

amwdj

y*

mauj), waves.
eifects.

A (J^)^^ amwdl
leader, high priest, Iraaum.

(pi, of

^y^mdl), monies,
;

jL*\

imdm,

p ^^:^y*\ dmo]dkta7i, to learn

to teach.

A ijt^i aman, safety, security.

A^i^l iimur
faith, re-

(pi. of

-^^,

amr),

affairs,

matters,

A <uLi amdnat, rectitude, sincerity,

ligion.

things.

p j^xscv*! dmekhfan, to mix.

;

A L^\ ummat, religion

sect, nation, people.

A Jl^^ umld or umed,

desire, expectation.

ummld
;

or

ummed, hope,

A c^v^l amut, I die(gezmate of iJl:^\ amutu,

aor. of the rt.

Ci;L mdta, concave

wdw).

rj\jj>*^\ umidwdr, hopeful p

aspirant

A cucw*! m<mat^, prohibition; refraining; abstinence.

^iUjw1

iimedwdrl, hopefulness, hope; thou

art full of hope,

thou hopest.

lT
i.jf^\ amir,

10

jJ\

commander,
prince.

leader, captain, gover---o

A L::.-wu2Jt intasabta, thou art related (8th form

of the rt. i__^.uJ nasala).

nor,

lord,

j^\

amiri

Icahir,

great lord, mighty prince.

AjuiJl

intizdr, expecting, watching, waiting,

AT SiJi\j j^\ amir-tdda,

T

prince's son, prince.

expectation.

\^\ dmez (in comp.), mixing; mixed; replete.

blended,

A j*U"Ji intikdm, taking revenge, vengeance.

p p
l=sr|

dnjd, that place, there.

P i^\ nn (pl.j^UI dnan), that, he. A

A^^

anjdm, end, close

event, issue, con-

an, that (indeclinable particle).

clusion.

1^1 in, if.

in lam, if not.

^\ J

p ^^-..^Isr'

anjdmldan, to

finish,

terminate,

in lam alcun, if I

may

not be.

end, result, issue.

^ anna,

that.

Inna, truly, verily (a particle

Pj^/ksrl anjuman, company, assembly, banquet.

which nasbates the aorist, and requires the following noun to be in the accusative
as <JL:\yJi\

A p i,y*=^\
p
j^l;.is^|

injll,

the Gospel.

dnehundn,

such as that, in that

^\ ^

inna anlcara'l aswdt,

It is also

manner, in such a way.

p dXiu^sTl unclmndnhi, exactly as, even as. p d<=^\ anchi, that which, whatever,

truly the most offensive of noises.

a convenient peg on which to hang the

affixed pronouns, as

CSj\

innaTca,ix\x\y thou.

p p

i\i\

and, they are.

anddldktan, to throw,
hurl, fling,

\j\
'lil

ana, I.

(^^iiri-ljul

A
A

wd*, vase,

vessel.

cast, shoot, discharge, reject. j^:i>-tx}i

^^J^.

ijl)! indhaf,

repentance.
rt.

ba gardan

anddlMan,

to cast headlong,

A j\j\ andra, he illuminated (4th form of the

^Ij ndra,

ib.ri-ljj^

anddBda,

cast,

thrown;

laid,

concave j wdw, but used optatively,

p s\\^\ anddza, quantity, measure; symmetry, just measure, due proportion. p A^jjl anddm, body; limb,

as

<dll

iU\

andra

'Udhic,

may God

illumine.)

^\'A

andm, men, mankind, mortals.

(pi.

member.

p i^Ul andn

of ^^1 dn), they, those.

j,X)\ andar, within, in, on, amidst.

ba shilcr andarash, in

^^^ jJ i^Aj thanking Him.

therein.

p d^\y\ andnTci, they who. p

^j>^\

andardn, into

it,

p jLjI amhdr, magazine, stack, granary, garner.

T *jSi\ andar am, I

am

in.

pjLjI amhdz, partner in

trade.

^^;}J'^^

andarun, inner part, interior, inside,

p (_fj^^ amldzi, partnership.

heart,

A cJLjl amhuha, he announced to thee, taught,

told,

p ^jij<^\ andarln (for

(.t:>J

jxJ^

andar In) in
;

this,

informed thee (4th form of the rt. y^)-

p ijSsJ\ andah, little, few, small

trifling, trivial,
trifle.

p loV^^ amhdn, soft sheep-skins (that of goats

p (j^tV^ andahe, a
p

little,

very little,mere
to acquire, gain,

being called

*Jt^l

advn)

leather
to

a wallet.

^:>-^^\ andokhtan,

pick

up, collect, accumulate.

L:i^-J^

ambata, he

caused

bring forth,
p i^:xs^^^\ andoTMa,

accumulated,

collected,

grow, or vegetate (4th form of c: J).

A lsLu-j\ imhisdt, gladness, recreation, mirth,
gaiety, pleasantry.
p Sy^\

gained, amassed.
p i(jjji andilh, grief. p p

i^\ anduh,

grief, sadness, trouble.

amhuh, concourse, mob, crowd,

cJUAjjJ^
J cJ\uj!LjSj\

andeshndk,

anxious,

in

fear.

p aj j^l

an

bih,

that
(pi.

(is) better.

andeshnaUar,

more
(I)

afraid.

'l--J^

ambiy&^

of

^^J

nahty), prophets.

*JcJliAjjJl andeshnaktaram,
apprehensive.

am more

A \s^j\ anta, thou.

"^i:*"

i*

JJ\

11
A clyl anwd^ (pi. of
various kinds.

oV
cy
naii-^, kinds, sorts,

p <UiijjJl andesha, thought, consideration, reflection; doubt, anxiety, fear, care, concern.

p j^j-j1jjJ1
think, care.

atideshldan,

to

consider, reflect,

p i^j^ \ Anvarl,
poet,

name

of a celebrated Persian

who

died a.h. 597, a.d. 1200.

it).

p jj>-.AjjJ1 andeshlda, thought, considered. p A

^

A p

&j\

innahu, verily he (or

(pi. of i^\

dnrd, to that one, to him.

\

^JT dnhd
1

dn), those things.

(jjgj

uns, society, familiarity

habit.

p ij

dnl, such art thou, of it thou art.

I.

A ^UwJl insdn, man.

the man.

j^LJ^l

al insdn, a

man,

A ^j\ innl, of a truth A

jj**-.3'

anls,

comrade, intimate friend, com-

p c:,-vuJl dnast,
p |-XwJ
I

is that,

panion.

d}iaste,

that would be.

it

Ajl mi,
please God, p ^^
tt

or.
o), he,

iSl] ^Lij

^\

in sJid>a 'lldh, if

(by some

him, she, her,

it.

God
A

willing.

jljl

dwuz, voice, sound, noise, shout, scream,

;

A t-il^^ insuf, justice, equity.

/Ix)!

cry

announcement, report,

tn^dm, benefaction, gratuity, largess,

p ^'jl dwdza, report, rumour, news.

kindness, favour.

A
of fj*Ju
nafas),
spirits,

^^\^\

dwdn

(pi.

of

^\

dn), times, seasons.

j.-liJl

an/as

(pi.

v,^\i^\ auhdsh, profligate, dissolute, dissipated;

rift-raff,

breathings.

canaille, rabble.

jS-'mJu\ anfusuJcum,

your own

souls.

A j^

auj, top,

summit, zenith.

A (JjOl annalca, that thou.

thou.

Innaka, certainly

p ^j::JSjjy^ j\

u kJiwesMan, he himself.
(pi. of

A 'IJj^ awiddd^
lovers,
ilj^

JoJj ivadld), friends,

kj\ij\ inkdr, denial, finding fault; disapproJjl awiddds-ihi, of his friends.

;

bation, dislike, aversion.

A io^ ankar, more or most odious or

p p

p
off'ensive.

\j^\

ord, him, her

(pi.

to him, to her.
J^i^ tvird),

\j^
&x.i
\

dnkas, that person.

ki,

A j\jj\ aurdd

of

portions of the
;

Kuran
A

recited at different hours

daily re-

an

he who, him who, that which.

hearsals, devotions.
(jl^j^

p ij^'^^.jwJl angdridan ov ^^:J^\yj\ angdshtan, to

aurdk

(pi. of

Jj^j

warak), leaves,
(rt.

compute, reckon, suppose, deem.

p al>J

an gdh, that time, then gdh dn ki, when.

I

there.

^ ilCi

p J;jl dvarad, he should bring

I

^j-Sjl

).

p ^^j^\

dvardan, to bring, fetch, adduce; to

relate, report, allege; to bear,

endure; to beget,

CL'>'*.'VJ'

angusht, finger.

p Ll.*-jj^ ust, he p ,_$^p>lx)i atigushtari, a finger-ring. p >^jj> i^J> (^(j'

is.

an gum karda farzand, that

i.e.,

jlu-~'l

ustdd, master, teacher, pedagogue, in-

structor.

one

who had

lost (his) son,

Jacob.

A p

i\^j\

ausdf

(pi. of t-jLtfj), qualities, praises.

^ jy^\ angur, grape,

p <uj
1

c:.v.jj\jij^ uftudast,

has befallen.

dngah, that time, then,

Pj^jliijl uftadan, ioidW; stray; happen, occur. p Jjl^jl uftdda, fallen

;

p ^j:Js^fj\ angekhtan, to excite.

happened, occurred.

p iz3s:^\ angekhta, raised, excited. p 'Sj\ angez (in comp.), exciting, stirring up.

A C-jljjl aukdt

(pi.

of eil-Oj icakt), times, hours.

A
A

^^j\
jlSjl

auwal,

first,

beginning; former; at
fitter,

first.

A J
p

^^\ in lam, if
\

not (gezmating particles).

he,

aula\ nearer, worthier,

(obi.

dnam, (I)
(pi.

am

am

that.
lights, splendours. .

Ajlyl anwdr

oij^nur),

AtLU^l Jj\ uli 'lalbdb fdu 7 alhdh), the wise,

of <-->U^l^^J

intelligent, prudent.

^J

J.^

12
p

JT
ai,
!

AT

yi-ij^ aulatar, nearer, better,

;

more

fit,

suit-

^\

{interj.)
(pi.

able, proper or convenient

preferable.

i.i-5ljT

dydt

of

h\

dyat), signs, miracles;

A (JJoJ.\ aula^ika, they, those. A

verses of the Kuran.

^

^^\

atffl?m (oblique pi. of

it

auwal),

first,

t-y-^V.

ayddl

(pi.

of Jo yad), hands

benefits,

former (or

may

possibly be the Persian ^^j

favours.

in affixed to the Arabic).

Ajbl
of, cling.

lydz,

name
(pi.

of a

favourite

of Sultan

p^^yia^jl dwelihtan, to han^. catch hold

Mahmud.
A ^\j\ aiydm
of *^ yaum), days.
i-^'V.'

r p

i!::^:^.!

dweJMa, hung, suspended.

thou
!

^^\
\

uil, of it
!

art.
!

iOl

dyat (pi.
;

"y"0'

verse

of

the

p i

ah, oh

ah

alas

a sigh.
A

Kuran
aIiijI

miracle.
(pi. of *-:;y

/
p
iiess,

dhistagi, slowness, gentleness, low-

^^v2wuJJ)l

aitdm

yallm), orphans.

softness of voice,
dhista, slowly, quietly, softly, gently,

A ,bjl

mhdr,
;

presentation, off'ering; preferring,

<i;:;wwJil

preference
i.j\2sr\ ijdz,

bestowing of

benefits.

p L-XiJ>l
^CLfiJ

dhah,

quick -lime,
tafia,

plaster,

cement.

abridging, epitomizing, compen-

u^l
J-S>1

dhaki

quick-lime.
;

dium, abbreviation.
worthy.
A jjj aiyada,

A Jj&^ ahl, people, inhabitants, family

may

(God) aid or strengthen (2nd

p J

J-

aJdi khirad, wise persons,

men

of p

form of Ol, concave ^).

O.'* Jo,
1

understanding.
dent, wise.

J J Jjbl
(^r^*J

ahli

dil,

pious, pru-

dyadat,
I

may come

to thee, will be to to

tJ^^

<^Mi zamin,

inhaaJili

thee, (ji-y

dyadash,maj come
j^J^I dmadan).

him, will

bitants of the earth.

Li^^ri-li-i

Jjb\

be to him
p JJj]
p
Izid,

(rt.

shindkht, intelligent, li-* JJ^1

(J^,ja

aJili safd,

pure.
J>^1

God.
Istddan, to stand, stop, stay, con-

i^\

ahli tank, devotees.

J^
!

(^jl:i*<a.J

ahli fazl, virtuous.

men

tinue, remain.

of excellence or of learning
p jjl::.^^ Istdda, stood, standing.

A
A A

'hb\
<UJfcl

ahlan,

heaven bless you

welcome

p ^l^Ji tshdn, they, them, these.

ahluhu,
it,

worthy of

it.

<dilj bi ahlihi,

A LijJ aizan,
p
<iiSj\

also, likewise,
!

moreover.

worthy of

deserving thereof.

ai ki, alas

that.

iLlL&l ahliyat, worthiness,

meetness

ability,

*.;!

em,

we

have,

we

are.

capacity, skill.

A JUj&^ ihmdl, negligence, carelessness, inattention.

^Uo^

iitnan, faith, belief.

(pi.

A tUjl as-immat

of /L*l imdni), high-priests,

p p

1^!

dhan, iron.
1

Imaums.
A ^^ijj

(^.^^

dhang, design, preparation, readiness

aiman, safe,
;

secure,

free,

free

from

pitch, tune (of a musical instrument),

danger
p
p

void of care,
;

^^^1

dhanl,

made

of iron, iron.

Ahane, a

^\

In, this

these,

piece of iron,
p ,.T*iAT dhanin,

^J^\ Indn

(pi.

of ^Ji\ in) these,

made

of iron, iron,

p \^\^\ Injd, this place, here,

p \j^ji\ fnrd, to this, p tJJcjJ uiak, behold
!

p ^yCus>- ^^t.^\ dhanln-changdl, iron-clawed,

p ybl dhu, stag, deer, buck.

lo

A kJ^\ ahwa\ I love.

i\^\ ahwalm, I love

i_fjJ&

p <Uj| dyina, glass, mirror, p

him
p
J!>l

(aor. of the rt.

haiva',

he loved,

^ji\

aiicdti or

zet'aw

(pi.

^J^^.^ aticdnhd),

desired, or
dhe,

wished

for).

hall, court, palace, vestibule, gallery, portico,

one sigh.

^1

dil,

thou comest

(ft.

^J^l dmadan).

L5^'

13
A

JV

p
p

1^]
<)ki-j|

diin, law, canon, rule,

o^b

anna, mirror, looking-glass.

dnna-dur, mirror-holder (an
at-

bdru, Creator, most high God.

^jbcjjb

bdri taidla',

PjIj

<)u-jI

p ^j\j bdre, a load, weight, burden

a turn, a
least,

tendant on the great in the East.

P i-^^'^

time
at

once upon a time, one day ; at

rate.
S'^s>- t_>;b

^^

dtlna-ddrl, office of mirror-holder.

any

bdre chand, several

times, sundry times.

p ^Sij\i bdrldan, to lain, to p

i'J>;jb

fall in

showers.

bdrida, rained.
fine, thin.

>

ha, to

at

with

by

in

for

according

p C^ij\i bdrlk,
p

to.

(It is

sometimes pleonastic).
with.

JlLXj
wards

lb bdriktar, thinner, finer.

;

A
p

<-_> bi,
[}

by

p jb bdz, back again

on the other hand

ajar.

after-

Id, with, along

with; to;
of.

wide open, open,

possessed of;

notwithstanding, in spite
p <o ^^1
\i

pjb

bdz, falcon.
(pi.

Id an

ki,

notwithstanding that.

Pjljb bdzdr

bi^iUb

bdzdrJid),

market,

At__>lj hah, door; chapter,

^j^^

'-r'V

hdhuH

market-place, street with shops only.

p lJj^j^ bdzdrl, of the market,
sagi bdzdrl, a street-cur.

tauhat, door of repentance.

p^jii^i-

^j^j^. (.^-^

u hdkhtan, to play, sport

ba dTchir, to an end.

to lose at play.

PA j^b

p (^iVl

jb
to

bdz dmadan, to come back, to re-

turn

come up right
bdz dvardan,

in front.
to bring

PA iJL^yL:>.

\j

bd hkushunat, with roughness.

;

p j^J^i^l

jb

back;

to

p jIj hdd, wind, breeze, gale

ness, conceit, arrogance.

pride, haughti-

keep back.
p
fjj*i

i^^ilLs"* jlj

budi

;b bdz pas, restitution.

^jt>1^

l/^ jV
to re-

muMdlif, adverse wind, foul wind.

P /iJu bdddm, almond. p \jjb hdd-pd,
p
1^1.'

bdz pas dddan, to give back, restore.

^^jS*-

\\i

bdz kharidan, to

buy back,

fleet,

swift (steed).

deem, ransom.
p (^jIj jb bdz dddan, to give back, restore.

jb

bdd-pdte, a fleet horse, a steed.

iLljb hddshdh, king.

j^^i-il

J jb hdz ddshian,
bdzargdn
(pi.

to

keep back, detain,

p kJpJu bdd-gird, whirlwind, tornado.

p

withhold, restrain.

4_?*^Ij

hdde, a flatus in the bowels, a fart.

i^bnb

i^^jj^. bdzargdndn),

trader, merchant, trafficker.

<0<3lj

bddiyat, desert.

^b^nb
back.

bdzargdne, a certain merchant.

to strike

Pjb

hdr,

load; fruit;

time.

1>1>.

.b bdri
Pj^i.))

jb bdz zadan,

again; to hold

Jchdtir, distress or

load of mind,
fruit.

^'^j^^

jb

hdr dvardan, to bear

rfT^flr,

Xo jb

Jar?

P L:^-sjb bdzast, p p

is

open.

another time, a second time.

(Ajb
ravel
;

hdzash, again him.

P (^\;b hurdn, rain, shower.

p^jb

^'^Sj^

bdz kardan,

to

open,

unfold, un-

bar-bar, burden-bearing; beast of burthen.

to drav/^ back.

P j^^j^

jb
jb

bdr-barddr,

bearer of

burthens

p j^J-wu.^

jb bdz kashldan,

to

draw back.
to

pregnant (female).
p
^

p ,^yi-l\ j^rjb

bdz guzdshtan,

leave, leave

Jk=i-

bdri Jchudd, Great

God

behind,
p ^j^-J^jS^ ;b bdz garddnldan, to turn back,

p ib^b bdr-gdh, place of audience, royal court,

palace.

bring back.

ij\j bdra,

twelve

battlements.

p |^iioi.>^jb bdz gardldan, to turn back, return,

times.
revert.

p bs^ib bdrhd (pi. of ib), times,

many

J*
p
|^^:;j1o
;l>

14

Ur
me
(and) him.

hd% gashtan, to turn back, return,

p ^iij.^b hd manash, with

retreat, retire,

withdraw.

A p |ob bdn, tamarisk-tree.

p {,^Ji\ bang, cry, noise, shout, clamour, peal,
flag.
roll,

(j^ jV
5a2u

^"-^

guftan, to reply,

p i^jw'l^ j\j 5az mdndan, to lag behind, to

Pj'iIj
(pi.

thunder; call

to

prayer from the minaret.

^^}jV iozuwan), the arm from

^:i-i)^Oj

{^Sj\i bang barddshtan, to call to

^-j>

the shoulder to the elbow, upper arm. p cfjV hdzl, play, romp, sport; pyrotechnics.
cj'i'
(_filj

prayer,

(.^^b bdngt

subh, the

morning

summons

to prayer, call to matins,

t^^b
of,

hd%i Jcardan, to

make

sport,
trifle,

jUJ

bdngi namdz,
bd

summons

to prayer.

''^^J^
loJoJu
(J.W

hdzlcha, play, sport,

pastime;

p A 0^j>-jb

tciijud,

with the existence

frivolity.

through, notwithstanding.
p
;

bdzldan, to play.

^O^^i^b

bdicar kardan (or ^ji-i^ J jjb

hdwar

Ja5,

power, strength

severity.

dushtan), to believe, credit.

A (J^^ p ^l\i

hdsik, tall, lofty (palm-tree).

^^ b
.i>b

bd mat, with him, with her.

hash, be thou, stay, wait,

it

have patience
be,

p i^\j hdsliad,
(rt.

may

be,

must

would be

bdhir (fern, bdhirat), excellent, eminent, resplendent; open, plain, manifest, conspicuous.
,^4V1

^b

i^^y, hudan).
hdtil, vain, futile, idle, false, delusive.

p *J&b bdham, together, along with.

*Ab
;

A
A

J'lslj jji-'U

bdham dmadan,
proper,
is

to fly in a passion.
;

hdtin, interior, inward, internal, inside

p Job bay ad, must be

he must, one ought

is

hidden.
p p

ic^V
garden.

^^^'"} ^^ly interior.

requisite, is indispensable, beho-

4b hd^,

veth, is wanted.
vine-dresser.
!i,^\i hd-

JjJ J*jb

bdyad bud, one

(^V^V hd gh bdn, gardener,

ought

to be.

(-L-? jc;b

buyadat, dost thou need,

?

p LZ^^S'^\j

hufandast (for li^-j^ is ast) a weaver. fanda

wish, or want

must thou have

die,

J^

Job

bdyad murd, (he) must

p

one must

die.

p ifjcjb hdfanda, weaver.

iUujb hdyistl, would be proper or necessary,

Aj^U
p ijJb
p
<*^lj

ia/lz,

remaining, left; enduring, lasting,

would

suit.
off.

perpetual, permanent.
Idle,

p -J babar, carry thou, carry

;

fear

care, solicitude

harm,

p l::^ but p
j;j

(pi.

(jbj butdn), idol.

Id

hi,

with whom.
;

battar {for jjJj badtar), worse.

Jb
p
1\i

Idl,

arm

wing, pinion
;

stature.
;

Pijilj Ll-o btd-tardsh, carver of idols, sculptor.

p ^jyu;^ batars, be apprehensive
p
(rt.

hdld, above, high

upper hand

summit,

^x^jj).

top; stature, height.

to gain the ascendancy, get the

^:JjS ^b laid giriftan, upper hand.

iX)^ battarand, are worse.

XssT

p bsT ba jd, in place, to place, towards.

j^Ji^l

Pjj'^b hdldtar, higher.

ba jd dvardan, to bring into

place,

A (^liJb hVl handn, with the

tips of the fingers.

to perform, discharge.

p (_/u!b bdlish, pillow, cushion.

p^bsT bajdn,

heartily, sincerely.

^.V^l i^}^.

A A
p

jjb

hdligh, adult.

^b

ha jdn dmadan, to be in imminent peril, to be at death's door, to be weary of life, to be

tired to death,
(jt^j'r'

hVlldl,

by God, with God.

(jJb

^b
C^jy

^^sf^^bajdnparwarlife.

Idlin, pillow, bolster, cushion.

dan, to cherish as one's

^S^^j
>^''=

hdlini turbat,

head of a tomb.

bajdn ranjtdan,

to be cut to the heart,

^i)^^ vexed

au bum,

terrace or flat roof of a house.

to the soul, deeply distressed,

fy_

u^^

p J^iVib bdmdud (or j^^jljw^b bdmddddn), at mom, in the morning.

ha jdn baranjand, sorely grieved.

are vexed to death, are

u<p ^'^jj\

15

S)

t/^C

^(f

y^ dvardan, to carry into

fulfil.

p J i^ys^. ba khicud bar, upon thyself.

effect, to

accomplish, perform,

A J-.isr
miser,

bakhil,

stingy, niggard,

avaricious;

J^ hajtiz, besides,
hi jamalihi,

save, except.

A <JU.sr
p

by

his beauty.
j

J-ir bakhtll, avarice, peuuriousness, par-

Aa< hacha, infant, child whelp, cub, the young of an animal. i cht, by what (means) ? in what (way) ? to what (use) ?
(rt.

simony.
p jj bad
(pi.

^\si baddn), bad,

evil,

wicked.

A \si bada\

it

appeared (a defective verb),

p >i-=sr ba chlnam, I will pluck

AcJ><:<^
JaA^/t,

^^jk-o^).

p j^i^l J^ lad-aMitar, ill-starred, hapless.

p Jjj:.s>~\ Jj
had-alJitartar,

controversy, dispute, discussion.

more

ill-starred,

p 1^^^^ ei-^asT bahth kardan, to dispute.

A^^jsT JaAr, sea.

more unfortunate.
r i_sj^^\ J^ bad-akhtare, an unlucky wight.

p iLjyAs^T ba huzur, into the presence.

p^jljj baddn,
p p
i_j^

know thou
(for ^^1

(rt |^^:u*J\0(fa's^w).

pA

Cl^La^ J

hakikat, in truth, really.

Jj baddn (pi. of JJ

ifl<?),

bad persons.
with that; for
ju bad-

PA

xsT

ia huhni,

by way

of,

in accordance in ac-

^^Jo biddn

J? a?0>
;

with.

p<J^I

*^^

J hukmi dnkl,

that purpose, or design

to that (person).

cordance with that which, because that, for

the reason that, so that, to a degree that.

p (^JX'I S: bad-andesh

(pi. jjli*jJul

andeshun, ill-wisher, malevolent, malignant.

wl^^5^ fS-^ ha hukmi zarurat, by necessity. c:-^jlc /^^ J hukmi by way of loan.
p ^'^y J-=^
forgive.
^^^''^

force of
<,ariyat,

Li-^ckr;'

jo

bad-bakht, ill-fated, hapless, un-

lucky, unfortunate, wretched.

^A^. J^

bad-bakhti, (thou) art unlucky.

kardan, to absolve, pardon,

p ^JILs>~Si Badakhshdn, a country of central

Asia, celebrated for its rubies.
p tJVs- Jo bad-khu, bad-tempered.

A j^^ buhur
p

(pi.

ofys^

bahr), seas, oceans,

C^3^

A jjj badr,

full

moon.

baJJity fortune.

PjJo
p icx^Sjj
Li'-^.-v7

badar, out, out of doors, without, forth.

bakJit-bar-gashta, unfortunate.

p i^"^. bukht'i, a large, strong, hairy camel

p j^Jc^l jjj Ja(?r dmadan, to p i^^j p

I

come

out.

with two bunches, a Bactrian camel.

PjL".!-^^ lakht-ydr, fortunate, fortune's favorite.

JO

5fl<7ar

raftan, to go out.

^jJo

badraka,

guide,

escort

(through a
to

trackless desert).

(_/u^5^ hakhsh, share, portion, lot.

^J^jJo

badar kardan, to expel, banish

p (^liLsT bakJishdi, forgive thou.

p jjikJuLsT bakhshdt/ish, favour,
grace. forgiveness,

dispense, distribute.

J^JV

'^ bad-rozgdr, unfortunate

wicked.

P (Xiu^Llisr iaMs^d?/w<?a^i, liberality

giveness.

for-

p iJliJuj JO bad-zindagdni, bad-lived.

p
gift,

L::--y-jJJ

bad

asf, is

bad.

p ^^^A-ssT bakhshish,

gratuity.

p ^'^j)\

c:--i-jJo

ba dast dvardan, to get pos-

p ^Si.V. i^.-v^ haJJishandagi, liberality.

session, procure, secure, gain; to look out for.

p sx-Ji'j^bakhshanda,
^

p *i~>Jo ba dastam, into

liberal.

my

hand.

p ^^J^^a^ hakhshudan, to take pity.

p
|^ji-yu,-37
;

p jJuL) Jo bad-sigdl, ill-surmiser, evil-thinker.

p

bakhshidan, to bestow, grant, give,

;

(^^ JO bad-farjdm, ending bad;

ili

malignant.

confer make a present don, forgive.

to

waive

to par-

p ^f

JO bad-kdrl, evil-doing.

Vjb^Jj
parsimony,
p

bad-gauhar, of bad quality, coarse.

J^

bukhl, avarice,

stinginess,

^<f Si

bad-gu or go

(pi.

^byju' bad-guydn)

peuuriousness.

evil speaker.

JJ

16

J.
tear

V
P

j^ ^
jY*

had-guhar, bad

by nature,

really bad.

up
;

or out
to

to fetch (a breath),

heave (a
perform,

'^ lad-mihr, unkind.

p

sigh)
fulfil
^^'1^
;

complete, accomplish, close to up, fill, repair.

r i^jY* 'V ind-mihri, unkindness.

hirdyi, for, because, for the sake.

A j^Jj badan, body.

p jjj ladu, to him, to her, to p SSi hi dih, give thou pay p t/uJJ
Jrtfffz,

p Jol J bar dyad,

it.

may

or can

come out

(rt.

^X'*\ ji har dmadan).

dddan).
'pyji har bar, on the breast,

(rt. jo<^^>^

badness, vice, evil, harm, misery.

JBade, a

bad man.
wonderful,
;

p ^:ujuJ J bar bastan, to pack up

p

to close, shut,

A 5_jJo

badli:,,

rare,

marvellous,

dc^ y
kjj
t_f]r-j
l

har hasta, firm, fixed,

strange, foreign

prompt;

original,

ap f-'A^

p p p

barbut, harp or lute,

1^1^,5^ hadlii jaJidn,

wonder
ij

of the world.
to
this, in

^y

harhut-sardi, harper, lutanist.

^;J iXJ

ladin (for

^ji\

ha In),

J bar pd, raised, erect,

^^x^l J

b^

harpd

this,

with

ddshtan, to raise, establish, maintain,

this (or these).

p ^^JJ^ hadlnhd, in these things.

A.

p CLij) harat (for

yj

bar tu), on thee,

jSJ

p ^yji^i ji har tdftan, to twist, wring off; to

hazr, seed.

turn away, avert, A

J id
<!j

hazl,

gift,

liberality, munificence,

be-

stowment, distribution, profusion.

p
jj hazla(j^\. ^JjkJ hazlahd), joke, witticism.

p p

J^

bartar, higher,

t^ii-vuJ"

J har

tust, is

on thee.

p J Jr, on, upon; up, above, over; by; according to at, against.
;

^J

burj, bastion, tower, barbacan.

p Irs-v har jd, on the ground, prostrate; quiet,

tranquil, steady,

Tj) har, breast, bosom, chest

embrace

fruit.

i^J^ J jj dar
A J
p

har Icardan, to clothe, invest.

p p

,-jouu:-

J har jastan, to start up,

jump,

harr, dry land, continent,

Jl^

J harjahad, leaps up.

hurj'e,

jUj

har-d-lar

(breast

to

breast),

equal,

A ic'^'A

a certain tower,

parallel,

on a

level,

on a par, opposite, over

p |^Jk--5- J bar chldan, to gather

up

to

remove.

against.

jIj jJ dar hardhar, over against.

(pi. iv)|j'^^

PA (j-~y bar
p

haklc, true, just,

p ji^\ji hirddir p

hirddardn), brother.

J harJch, part, portion,

^Sju|>-jJ^j hirddir -lihicdndagi, profession

of brotherly affection, calling one brother.

p c::-^;l>- J har

Mast, a rising up.

p ^^.yjls- J bar Mdstan, to rise, rise up, arise

to

^\^\ ji
arise
;

har dmadan, to
;

come up, ascend,

p
;

break up, cease, end.

bar kJiwdndan, to recite, repeat,
little, bit,

to

emerge to get on, succeed, prosper cope with successfully to elapse.

to

^Jj]^^^^

p i5=>-V barkJie, a

one part, portion,

(rt.

^^ji^X^\

J har dmeMtan, to mix, mingle.

p :-^ J bar Mez,

bar khdstan).

rise,

get up

^Ji^\^ j>

commingle
p izJ^\y^\ ji har dmeJJita,

mixed up.
,^Ji-ij ,^1 y, intend. wish, will,

A uV bard,
p t>J btird,

cold, chill,

p 1^1 J har an, on that, upon that.

har dn shudan, to agree
p |^:i-\jJ^
to,

he carried away, he
stuff.

led.

A t)J burd, striped

striped stuff of

ijX*^_

tV

hurdi yamdnl,

J bar anduMdan, to throw down,

fling

Yaman
lift,

(Arabia Felix).

throw away,
excite.

about

to defeat.

p ^::-il J J har ddshtan, to pick up, take up, to

raise,

p j^xsaCi^ J bar angeMian, to raise, stir up,

hold up,

take

off,

remove, carry

off;

to sustain, bear.

V mJ\

har dnam, I obey.

p L^^,j<^y, har daridan, to split open, rip up,

Pj^i^ijt^ bar dvardan, to bring up, raise; to

cleave asunder.

17

-:?y-

p ^iiiji burdan, to bear, carry; to conduct, lead

p ^^Juli J bar giizldan, to choose, select.

away, remove, take away to carry to to support, suffer, endure prefer, lodge (a complaint) to throw away, lose, lower (one's character or dignity).
to bear
;

Pj^JlJ1uS^ bar gusildnldan,

break.
c^

to snatch, wrench,

off,

win

SAmSji

bar gusihdan, to snap, tear up.

p Hi^j hurda, borne, borne away, carried

p p

off.

(^Ai

J bar gashtan, to turn, retreat, retire.

ba/r

^^jji
-jy

bar raftan, to go up, to climb.

p izJH^ ji

gashta,

upset,

overturned,

in-

bar sar, on or at the head, end, or point.

sai-ash, at his or its

verted, turned upside

down.

^j^j^j bar

head, j^y^

Pj^yi-iUo J bar gumushtan, to depute, appoint.

p /J baram, I
(rt.

*jl^j bar sar nihuda, placed on the head,

coifed, capped.

might

(or

would) bear

(or bring)

(ji^ burdan).
bar md, on us.
rJ

*-j^<

ba rasam, I should arrive.

ic^f,

U^
I

p I

snow.

p Ju j<*
p

bar ml dyad,

(it)

comes

out, it rises.

p c_j| uJyJ barf-db, snow-water, iced water.

^ji

birinj, rice.

p p

i-:^>i^ baraft,
^jisi^tjS j>

he (she or

it)

departed.

p ~^^y, birinje, one grain of rice. p i^j^rl bar nagdrad, beareth not (rt. jji^j
^

bar ficrukhtan (or fiiroMitan), to

r^ )

kindle, light up.

p
p

(^(Jjji

J bar fuzudan, to increase.

ba/r
;

p aiLJ J bar nay dram, I will not bring out.

^jJLU^
to rap, tap

fishandan, to press, squeeze;

p (^(Jc^LJ J bar naydmadan, not to happen, to

fail (rt. (^J*^
I

to snap (the fingers).

j) bar

dmadan).
it.

A ^ji

bark, lightning.

FtJ
p

baru {foTj\j bar u), on him, her, or

p i.j\jiji bar kardr, in (one's) usual habit, or

JBi rav,
jj.

go

(rt.

,j^j raftan).

normal condition
A culi^' barakut

firm, fixed.

J baru bar, upon him.

(pi.

of i^J barakat), blessings.

p Cl^;J burnt, whiskers, mustachios. p Ji-i^^

d^ji

birkat,

bason of a fountain.

Barakat,

barumand,

fruit-bearing,

fruitful,

blessing,

fructiferous.
;

p ^>yJlSji bar kushdddn, to open

lighten.

to

remove,

P
p

^o
cJj^

birun, without, out, outside, forth.

bar vat, on him, at him.

p ^jJjAi^jj bar kushudan, to open, unloose.

p yj \JiSji bar kashidan, unsheath.

p

p SJ bara or barra, lamb.

to

extract,

draw,

A j^^J hirhdn, demonstration, conclusive proof,

strong argument, conviction; clear judgment.

^,^ji
s>^ji

bar kandan, to tear up, eradicate,

off.

uproot; to strip
p

p j^Jj *J^^ barham zadan, to strike together,

slam, close hastily,

bar kanda, plucked out, picked

off.

p ^^Jci J bar kande, he would uproot. p p (JyJ baraki, a species of high-crowned cap

(jjj |-&j c:..^.iJ dast barham zadan, to wring the hands.

^S^ji

barahnagl, nakedness, nudity.

;

made

of

felt,
;

p i^^ji barah7ia, bare, naked, stripped

provisions for the way.
;

void.
;

p <^J}j iarg, leaf

A
to

i_5;J barii-, clear,

quit, free, innocent

care-

p ^ji^ "^A ^^^ guzashtan, to walk over pass beyond

;

less,

^^yi..!^

J ^ji

bari ddshtan, to exempt.

to extend.

^.j>

birydn, fried, broiled, parched.

\J^.A
to

p |jJdt3^J bar gardldan, to turn

away

from.

^J:^\^ birydn sdkhtan (or

fry, broil, grill, roast.

^Ji^ kardan),
off,

p ^j^j^ji bar giriftan, to take up or

off,

pick

up

to

raise,

to derive

to

remove, take

away, carry

off,

clear; to attain.

p i^<^iy. burldan, to cut, cut separate the part ; to prune.

amputate,

s^y^

18

J^
to finish; to agree,

p ^"-V.

r?

burridan, to cut

to prune.

p ^iijijMjJ ha sar hurdan, to carry to an end,

off,

*tX>;J hurlda,

cut

cut

off,

chopped

amA

harmonize,

putated,
p

p i^>xLjMjj ha sar shudan, to be finished.

(for ^j^}j> iar In),

^j

harm

on

this.

ixuxJ hasata,
*-u*j

he spread, he diffused widely.

a-jIj hi ismi),

A jh^ bazzdz, draper, mercer, clothier. p

A
p

hism (for

in the

name

of.

jY^jjj
'J

luzurj-mihr,

name

of the prime

i_5jAuJ

ha suyi, in the direction

of,

towards,
;

minister of Nushiravan, king of Persia.

huzurg, great, venerable, grand
;

p ie*J hase,

much, many
a

sufficient
;

many

grown

one

many
^e'^-

day,

often

long while.

up, arrived at years of discretion.

dJ\AJ
not, it

hase na

mdnad, much remains

p f^jji huzurgdn
tors
;

(pi.

of

c^-ftJj

huzurg), ances-

wants but

little.

great men, superiors, grandees.

greater, grander.

PjL**j hisydr, much, many, numerous; great,

often, ofttimes.

vjii^jji huzurgtar,
p
i)J\j

^^jji huztirg-zdda, high-born.

p i_,%x>-

V j\Sj\i huzurgwdr, great.

hisgdr-Masp, very sleepy, somnolent, drowsy.

'^***:

p LJj^^jy. huzurgwdrl, greatness, Buzurgwdre, a great man.

p ^.JL"^^
p

excellence.

Pj^4:^ jLa*j hisydr-Tihwdr, groat eater, glutton, gormandizer.

p ^j\^j^_ hisydri, abundance, large quantity, multitude.

*67? huzurg-himmat; high-minded.

^^j\\
himirg-himmattar,
higher-

J\^:.^->Mb

I2--U*-)

haslt,

wide spread, extended, level sur;

minded, more magnanimous or high-spirited.

p

face, superficial

simple.

^jj\

huzurgi, greatness; adultness, maturity,

A *--wJ haslm, affable, smiling.

A
'ij\jLi

riper years, superiority in years. a certain great man.

Buzurge,

hashdrat or hishurat, good news, joyful

tidings.

p (Jjj la zanl, thou shouldest strike p

nyi haza, sin,

(rt.

^j^S).

A JLj hashar, man, mankind, mortals. A ^yij hasharat, skin, surface-skin, outer cuticle, epidermis; outside. A <ijjAj hasharlyaf,

crime, guilt.
; ;

p ^juJ has,

many enough
!

enough
{j^^

sufficient

hold

no more

^^j'^S

bas kardan, to

human

nature, humanity,

stop, leave off,

give over.
a,

p yJLi hishnav, hear, hearken, listen (rt.^^ Jy-1 ).

p

\-u*j

hasd,

many

many
plain,

a one, extensive surface.

i^y^

ha shuwi, thou mayest wash,

(rt. ^^^p-uJi

A LLuJ

hasdt,

wide

Bisdt, bed, carpet, rug, anything spread.

p J^J^-i^ ha shuyad, washes A

shustan).

p ^^JcomJ histdn or hisitdn, take thou

sitdndan).

(rt.

(^jjli-j

Jl^

hi sdlih, as virtuous.

Bustdn, garden,

A i

Basrat, city of Basrah in the Persian

p p

j^

histar, bed, cushion, pillow.

Gulf, usually written Bussorah.

tie,

(^^i*i*J

hastan, to shut, close; to bind,

;

gird

on, attach, fix

to form, frame,

jj^i*^ J*^'

A ii^Lij hizdtat, capital or stock in trade, mera share in a mercantile chandize, goods _adventure or commercial enterprize.
;

naid hastan, to fix a shoe,

p
Jl'c><,m>

A Lj halt, a duck.

ha sitand, they take or accept.

A -&ILj hi tdhirin (equivalent

p iz^Ji hasta, tied, bound, girt
;

to^Us

tdhirun),

shut, closed,

clean, pure.

fastened; stopped, hitched; locked; sct,fi-xed,

formed; fettered, shackled.

p jjiX^I
-uyj

A Jlki hattdl, idle, vain, false.

ha sar dmadan, to

come

to

an end

aiSliaJ

hatdlat, vanity, idleness, trifling talk,

to arrive at perfection, to excel.

^xLj^
A

jesting.

ha sar shudan, to
p

come

to

an end.

ij^_

hatsh,

power, authority, severity.

^^j^\

r**J

ha sar dvardan, to bring to an end.

A ijloj lain, belly.

J^
A (Jaj
batis-,

19

slow, tard)', sluggish.

A '^

haldt.,

calamity, trouble, evil, misfortune,

A L^-wJaj hi tlhihd, on account of their sweetness.

A Joo

affliction; scourge.

ha^

(also V j\

Sxj ba-^d

A
az), after.
j^xj

jL

hildd (pi. of
;

i jJj

haldat), cities, countries,

provinces
^^j-jjA^l

an inhabited country.
;

Jkju iMc.<?,

distance.

bu^u

'I

iL

haldgh, arrival
11

conveyance,
'^ fd'^^^i '^^" '^

/^s. t
hald gh
,

mashrikain, distance of the tropics.

vyLZJjxi ha

ijAzzattar,

in higher estimation,

41J1

J ^-^^
f

'"'^

t^^^

more precious.
A p i5*^' ba^e, some, certain
;

the prophet has only to deliver his message.

a part, a portion.

A isih bald gh at eloquence

A p
(_Ji^ baldiO,

puberty, adultness.

A Jjo
A A
'.*

Jc./,

lord,

master

husband.

a calamity, trial or affliction.

>; *;

bacalbahh, Baalbec in Syria.

JJj

bulbul (pi.
bulhuld,

(^LL

hiilhuldn) nightingale.
!

^^_

buaun, by the aid

LL
-f.
(^.s:

nightingale

of.

s^

baud, distant, remote,

p
far.

jBa7M, a city of Khurasan (ancient Bactria).

.

A J\jJu

Bagdad, Baghdad,
ba gh au. they
(rt.

a city on the Tigris.

balkhl, native of Balkh.

p Jjo ha gh l. arm-pit.

A jJa balad, country,

s^ haladahu, his country.

if>Jj

A \Ju

would be
hagha').

insolent,

they

i.^^ hulddn (pi. of

haldat), cities, towns.

had rebelled
A

^Jc

A ijjj haldat, city, town.

A p Jci-J JJJ 5 lizzattar, with greater deliciousness,

^Jc haghy,

rebellion.

A j-yo hi ffhair, without, except.

more

delicate or luxurious.

A jJj bala gh a, he attained or reached.

A
'lib

Ja^at, duration, permanence, continuance,

perpetuity.

A jJj
;

hall igh

cause to arrive; convey, com-

Juj

bakkdl, green-grocer

grain-merchant

municate (imp. of
;

^L

hallagha,

2nd form

grocer.

ofjJ.).
bakdte, a duration, a permanence.
region,

AP^JUb
A

iiJJj Ja?^j,

but, moreover; nay.

tall,

dxh

bukt^at,

dwelling-place, house,

p JjJj baland (or buland), high, lofty,

alted.

ex-

edifice; monastery.

<uJij bakiyat,

remainder, residue,

rest.

p j\j| jaJj haland-dwdz, loud-voiced. p

^Ij

A p i^-^,

bakli/ate,

some remains, a remnant.

ser-

S:^J baland-hdld, tall of stature, high.

p ijX*l j\>J bakur amadan, to be of use,

Pi^Jijv jJj baland-hdng, loud-sounding, noisy.

p
t_5'JuJj

viceable or useful, to serve a purpose; to avail.

bulandl, height, elevation.

A ^jivi^j Buktush,

name

of a certain athlete.

AP

j^

hallur (or hillaur), crystal.

A Xj Bakr, a man's name.

p

P|^t-;j Jj

hillaunn {ovhallurln),

made of

crystal.

\J^, ha
jS-J

kash,

draw

thou.

Bu

kush, kill, slay,

crystalline.
A

p citlio bukshui, open thou (rt.

^JjAi).

C^
i'ight

bulu gh

adultness, puberty; maturity.

bukm

(pi. of jS^_\

abkam), dumb.
perfection,

p jJj

Ja/e, yes, true, certainly,

;

indeed

well,

but.
;

A <uL^ bikamuUhi,

by his

A <lJj haliyat, misfortune, sore trial

infliction.

p^' Jk>o bu guzur, allow, give leave, suffer, permit,

A p ^zJSj bu guftu, he (or she) said,

A
thou, speak,

'.::---Ij

hulUu, I

am

tried or afflicted (passive).

;

^Jj

haligh, great, vast

;

full,

perfect

cogent,

pyj hagu{bago, hugu or bugo), say

p i>jyo ba or p J^-L
ifl

forcible

eloquent.
;

J(<

guyad, says

(rt.

^^usS guftan).

A L*j hi md, with whatever

p

according to what,

^ira^?, seizes or will seize (rt.

^li^).

jJUj

ia mdnad, (he) will remain, ha malhal, for example.

jj..'

bal, but,

nay.

p A

J^'

\JM^
A

20

'^.

^^/y.j^

hi

mistna^, in mine ear.

to

L->.s*\
A
jjj.*/*j

hu^l ^Jah (father of admiration),

(p pi.

^^ imfl, with whom?

ba manast,
is to

whom? Pc:

a wonderful thing.
'i--j\^

me.

hawwdh
ha

^}^_ hawwdhdn)
merited.

door-

r -^

5fl^

W2ir,

die (rt. ^j^>r^ murdan).

keeper, porter, warder.

ha nilrand, they should die.

AP ^^cs-ly
p (Jy biivad,

tvdjihl, suitable,

A
p

^jJ

Jm

(for

^1

S,

when

placed between two

may

be, shall be, should be.

proper names), son.

p j^i^y hudan, to be.

hun, bottom, root, end,

tail,

^_ j

--*

sar

tc

hun,

p lJ^^. hude, he habitually was, he used to be

head and

beginning and end.

us.

there would be.

p

A Uj hind, with A ^bj

hinds-,

bjj huriyd, mat, coarse matting.

I

building, edifice, fabric, structure.

'i\A)jy>

huriyd-hdf, weaver of mats, mat-

A jliJ hind bar (built upon), because,

of,

on account
p

maker.

by reason
hanut
ij:-;l:j

of.

djLj
lI-jLJ
i.e.

jo^y
garden
;

bostdn (place

of perfume), flower-

(pi.

of l::-.^ iw^), daughters.

garden in general.
ij^''^ '^^.

handti nahdt, daughters of grass, tender herbage.

p <U;j husa, kiss,

husa dddan, to

give
p
(J

a kiss, to kiss.

JiiSLj bimd gosh, cavity of the ear, lower

j.wJJ

husldan, to kiss

to rot.

part of the ear.

p p

/Lj ha nam,

in the name.

j^^y

hu kalamun, of various hues (as shot

;

silk or the like)

the chameleon

changeable,

A jjbo handn, finger, tips of fingers.

p
i>:j

capricious, inconstant, variable.

hand, bond, confinement, captivity, impri;

A *j bum, owl.
p
|*j

sonment, durance
trap, snare
;

gyves, shackles, fetters

hum, country, region, land, ground.

trick, artifice, sleight of

hand,
idea,

manoeuvre in wi'estlirg; imagination,

thought, scheme, hope, expectation
i^y->**i
;

p i_>y ha vai, to him.

(imp. of

^_^j

hu (or

ho),

odour, scent.
roses,

Ji ^^i

hu^i

hastan), fix thou, attach.

C^-jJ S^
j^J.^i Sui

gul,

perfume of

handi dast, handcufi's, manacles.

p ^iXJ^ huiidan, to scent, diffuse perfume

smell.

to

hand far mudan, to order into confinement, to send to jail, to imprison.

p ^ISJuJ handagdn
slaves,
(pi.

^.i

ba or

hi, to,

for

in

with

of (sometimes

of i J>ij banda), servants,

pleonastic).

p dj bih, quince

good, excellent

better, best

p (<Ji^^J bandagl, service, servitude, slavery. p

p

preferable; well, cured, healed.

f^i^ handan,

to bind,

A
p

<)J

hihi,
it).

by, with, concerning, or about

(him

s^

handa
;

(pi.

^jISjcj handagdn), servant,

slave.

or

slave

your humble servant, your

^j

bahd, price, value.

(pi.

Pj^bjjj bandiydn{^\.oi i_s^

p ijj hi nih, place thou, lay
,

5(7!), prisoners.

Pjl^j hahur
p

^^^j^J hahdrdn), spring.

(rt.

^^^^J nihddan).

l5;^
\\

bahdri, vernal.

A /~JJ hunaiga' darling child (dim. of^:o hanag

for ^jj\ ibn, son).

ij hi az, better

than.

p aj^j hahdna, pretext, excuse, shift, subterfuge.

p
:>-

p oLiJ hunydd, foundation.

A aJI ^ij hanl ddain (sons of Adam), men. A *

<Sjl^^

hahdna-j'u (or LSy>-

<^V

^^^^^^'

^i

jug), seeker of pretexts, shifty, shuffling.

hanl utmrn, nephews,

J^J

hahds-im (pi. of <U*.^ hahlmat), beasts,

py

hu, smell, perfume, scent, odour, aroma.

brutes.

Ay

hu (for yi abu), father, parent, or author.

Tj^j

bihtar, better.

; .

-w
r i^J^, hihtare, a better person.

21
p ^

JkJ^jl-J
1

biydrdyad, should adorn

(rt.

^ji^\j\).

<)LsrW hahjat,

beauty

gladness.

p aUy^ Bahram, p ir Aj^^

sanides,

name

of several Persian kings.

hi dzdr, without pain or trouble, inJ^j (fiJ noxious, harmless. ^<^ bidzdrtar,moTe

yM\

'"

Bahram

Gor, sixth of that name,

harmless, more innoxious.

a king of Persia, of the dynasty of the Sassurnamed "Gor" from his fondness for chasing the wild ass. p

J.ULj biyd%drad, torments, vexes, harasses

(rt.

i^^jj\ dzdr dan).

afflict (rt. j_^J;'jl).

>^jS

(*\ -^-J

bahram

gore, a

Bahram

gore.

p io'^\iW^ biydzdrdan, to p
*j iljLj

biydzdriyam, thou grievest me.

biyuzmdi, prove, try
(rt.

p c^A*.^j hi p
c:.^.*..^

hast, is better.

p
la hasht, in eight.
Bihisht, paradise.

^[^jLj

^^i^y\\).

\JL^11^ Jjsl ahli bihisht, the blessed,

p

p,JLjLj
A

5j>/asaiz,

thou wouldest rest (rt.^J^l

jJiA^

bihishti,

of paradise,

^Lj

haydz, note-book, blank book,

;

commonfair.

paradisaical,

place book

fair copy,
hi i<dihdr,

thing written out

celestial,

heavenly.

p A jLxcl
jj*Vl jJ

^}

without estimation or

p .1 ^^^>*>^_ bihishtl-ru, heavenly -faced.

consideration, disesteemed.

p *>^

Ja^rtOT, together.

(*^^

hahambar
enraged

p jj^Lj biydldyad, taints

(rt.

dmadan,

^'^y\ dludan).

to be displeased, disgusted,

to be distressed,

discomposed

to rise in op-

Y \y%'^ biydmoz, learn thou

(rt. ,^y.:>-yt\).

position or rebellion.

zadan, to convulse.

[j'^jA f^. baham bar ^Ji^j j^^j baham bar

;

A j^l-J haydn, explanation, disclosure, exposisition, illustration.

kardan, to distress, displease, pain overthrow. p xjyJlS *^j baham kashlda,

knitted, frowning (brow).

to upset,

V p

^ uJLajl ^
ii\\iX)\

hi

anddza, without measure.

hi insdf, hi

without equity, unjust,

drawn together

^Liil

insdfI, injustice; partiality.

fruit, unfruitful,

X"^^

bahamand, are together.

quince-like.

Fji^bl
p i.^Sj
p

bar,

without

^^
^^J^,
.

hihl,

quince-like dust,
p
hihln, best.

^^^ bihl-gard, rough down on the face,

J,S
to

^
^

hi barg, leafless,

-it'

|<j hi hasar,
hi hahra,

without sight

senseless,

Hj^^^

without a portion, destitute,

p A

hi, hi,

without (prefixed

many

words).

unfurnished; unprofitable, vain.

with me, unto me.

(rt.

A c:i-^
dmadan).

bait,

distich, couplet, verse

house.

p Lj hiyd, come thou p

^J^l

JUll

'-^i-^ baitu 'I

mdl, chamber of finance,

treasury.
bl

j^V^
jjyg Jj

biydbdn, desert, wilderness.

uV^ paLiUc^^
in the

tahdshd,

without ceremony,

biydbani kuds, the desert of Jerusalem.

(_^Ij^

unceremoniously

^^^-jlJ

biydhdn-nishln,

sitter

PA -JJJ
Ap
j:uJ

(gj

bl tadblr,

without deliberation;

desert, scenite.

imprudent.

p v>jLj hi ydbad,

may

obtain

{it.

^^[i yd/tan)

haitam (for

<-^.t^ baiti

man),

my

p ^iji^ ^j> hi abruil, dishonourable act. p

(Jj>-^

distich.
bl tamlz, void of discernment, stupid, paJ-^' duUard (not so correct as the next).

^J

hi aj'al,
hi

not reached the fatal hour.

PjLiri-^

^g)

ikhtiydr,

without the will,

without choice or
p L-Jj\

self-control, unconscious.
(pi.

pA

U--4J'

^J

hi tamylz, undiscerning, undiscri-

jj

hi

adah

^^S\

hi adabdn),

minating.
p dji J

ill-mannered, uupolite, rude, imcourteous.

bl tosha,

without provisions, pro-

PjLj

hiydr, bring thou (rt. ;j<^jl dvardan).

visionless, unprovided.

p Ju.^|^.Lj

hiydrdmld, ceased

(rt.

(jJw*Ul

).
I

p A

(J^yj

jJ hi tauflk, graceless.

^.v2

22

t^
|J
hi dast,

\j^
,

laithd (p pi. of A

u:-^

lait) verses.

p ci-'w-jJ

handless.
at chess,

^
p

gi-j laite,

a verse.
i^j'^S

p jjk-j haidah,

pawn

j_^l:snj ly'an, lifeless.

^j'^^

Mjd?i kar-

J J |J

hi dil,

without heart, out of heart;

dan, to deprive of

life.

ignorant, silly,

PA ^J^'^

15J i^ jamdli,

want

of beauty, un-

p ijjJ

^
'

hi din,

irreligious, infidel,
;

comeliness, plainness.

p ^^,'^ igJ hi dine, an infidel

a miscreant,

PA (-r>^^ ^. lijawab,
table
;

unanswerable, irrefu-

p le'*-^ (<J hi rasnil, irregularity, bad prece-

without reply, having no answer.

hlcharagi, helplessness.

"dent.

^^Ls^

paLs^

hi rizd,

without satisfaction,

F ijlsnj

llchara

(pi.

^li^lsnj huharagdn),
helpless,
re-

p i^jfj iJ hlro%l, unaided

by fortune, without

without resource or remedy;

mediless; in despair.

luck, luckless, hapless, unlucky,

p i^jr^ hlrun, out,

;

outside, without,

abroad,

p w;*snj hi chun, without equal, peerless p A fJ^\ssXi

p A Jk>.
bi hdsil, unprofitable.

God.
p

beyond,
jj

^
,

iz zar,

without gold, moneyless.

!

jj ll hadd,

unlimited, beyond bounds or

jji**JU

his-sa, fie

out upon

just limits.

PAu::,-v*^

^ Mhurmaf,

p c^-vuwJ
disrespectful, uncivil,

hist,

twenty.

li

,-j

Ji sar

u pd, without head or

foot,

unceremonious, irreverent.
p ,A^j=>- (c? ^^ hurmatl, rudeness, incivility,
discourtesy, disrespect, absence of ceremony.

poor, destitute of everything, wretched.

p (^Ij

)-=

^J

il sar

updtl, wretchedness, com-

plete destitution.

PA
PA
p

Luw

Ji

hi hisdh, incalculable, countless.

^
hlldi,

p (ji-J
hi

hesh,

greater,

exceeding,

more

any
for

hamlyat, spiritless,
(j;*^
f\^.

longer.

^j

root,

^^M

Cardan, to

take root,
pA

p yxA-J heshtar, more, more abundantly more intent. the most part
;

-^

hi JJiahar (p pi.

^\j.J^

hi Jdiahardn),
;

s^^jJ^i

gj hi

sharml, shamelessness, impudence.

of

without information, unaware, unconscious

uninformed, ignorant, unmindful.
hi TJiaharl,

Pji)

^^)
ifij

hesh-zor,

great strength, very

^c,-iaj
hi

strong.

thou art ignorant.

^\j^J^^

PAuXia
Pjt*.

hi shalclc,

without doubt, doubtless.

Tdmhardnand, they are ignorant.

hi

shumdr, innumerable, incalculable,

p^L:k\j
want of
p (jyi-

hi-Miwdhl^ sleeplessness, loss of sleep,

sleep.
hi Tdiwud, beside one's self.

untold.
p<LJuu.>

hlsha, desert, wild, uncultivated country;

jj
hed,

forest,

wood.

^^^^

hlshas-e,

a forest.

i^-j

willow.

clXi^ S^

hedi mushlc,

A i^-J

hatzat, egg.

musk-willow.
AjUa-j haitdr, horse-doctor. PjIjuJ hiddr, awake; sober.
p A ui-Ajlla
Ji

hi tuhat,

without strength, weak.

^jl jt-j

hlddrl, state of being awake, waking, p

j;J;lla..J

wakefulness, vigilance, want of sleep, absence of sleep, forbearance from sleep.

hi tdhatl,

weakness, inability, want

p ^jiJ^JwJ

hi ddntsh,

ignorant; ignorance,
p

of power to support, incapacity of endurance, impatience.

p i^Ailjwj hi ddnishl, foolish act, folly, indiscretion.

%-^ ^^

hi

tam^, without longing or hanker-

ing, undesirous.
hi diregli,

p j-J^J ;^

(fiJ

unsparing, ungrudging.

A _-j hai^, selling, buying, commerce. p A ijl*:^ hi ^zzatl, dishonour.

unstinted, liberal.

cj

23
p

jU
hlnash, behold (of)

*i

^
-^

Jz
gi

gham, unconcerned, without sorrow.

hi

jji^

him

(her or

it.)

ghaml, (thou) art unconcerned.

unr

Bltiish, sight, vision.

p ^Joli

-J

hi fdiida, useless, ineffectual,

(O^
trace
-4=^
less,

i<i
;

i^ nishdn,

without sign, mark, or

"

inscrutable.
hl-nazir, matchless, unequalled, peer-

availing, fruitless, unprofitable.

PA
p
t>lii-j hiyuftud,

he

jj

fell (rt. ^jjl::i\).

unmatched.
haiiiaka,

p Jcii-J hiyuftad, he

falls (rt. j^^jl^ii^

uftudan).

TA.jSs

^
jj

A
p p

tl>i^
V...O

betwixt thee, between thee.

(rt,

hi Icadr,

without power or value,

hlnam, I see

j^Jo^ dldan).

valueless.

jUJ

pA

j^

hi

kardr, restless, fidgetty.

P

hi

namdz, prayerless.

1-5)^

PA(jygLiL-j hi ^t'yas, without

measure or number;
imcompreheusible,
p ^J)y

15^ ^^ namdze, a prayerless fellow.

pL:.-j hi wa2i'a,withoutfoodorvictuals,indigent.

incalculable

immense,
;

inconceivable

untold.
all at

hi

nawus-l,

indigence,

indigency,

p jLjLj ha yalchdr,
p jjiii
i^j

once.

want of
A
-:.-o

food, fasting, destitution.

hi kafsh, shoeless, discalceated. hi kafshl, lack of shoes, shoelessness.

hainl,

between me, betwixt me.

;

r^^-lii

|j

p ^XjJ hml, the nose

see
;

thou shalt or mayest

p ^Ix-J ^2yaW(pl.uUoU-J Jlyawfl^aw), foreign,

strange, alien.

thou seest
hlnl,

(rt.

j^JOt^ dldan).
;

|cr^

^^
?

naml

thou seest not

seest

thou not

p ilx-j hi gdh, out of season.

A ^ijJ s/'^. cJ^. ^*'^* yadai ha-^ihd, in the presence of her lord.
great,
large,

p ^J]/^

hi giran,

inestimable,

immense, excessive.
p i^UX-j hi giimdn, without doubt, assuredly. p ilix^j hi gundh, guiltless, innocent, p ^J6ux-j hi gundhe, an innocent person. p (J-J
hll,

A
p

<0 Ju (j-j hain yadaihi, in his presence,

*-^

hlmyam, thou
hi wafdil,
;

seest

me.
failure

pA

(J^^

want of payment,

in performance

faithlessness, ingratitude,

p A c:-^j ^eJ hi wakt, unseasonable,

shovel, spade
Bailkd7i,
;

pickaxe.
p

i^
^\
J.J^

hlva,

widow,

(_^Uil-J

name

of a city in

Armenia

iy*i hlva-zan,

widow woman,
(pi.

Major, near the ports of the Caspian Sea.

p *-j him, dread, fear
;

danger.

1^

hi

hunar

t^j^ ^_

hi

hunardn),

stupid, unintelligent, unskilful, inapt; devoid

Pjl*-J hlmdr,

sick.

of merit, worthless

graceless, ungodly.

PA uls^i^
vki.ZJij^

hi michdhn,

without respect, un-

j*Usij&

|j

hi

hangdm, unseasonable.

ceremoniously.

p S-i^^^ hlhuda (or

*J^^

hlhuda), absurd, vain,

hi

muruwat, unfeeling, unkind,

nonsensical, senseless, useless.

inhuman.

pjx^
p

hi

maghz, without kernel, marrow less.

Baina, between, betwixt.
p
j^>X;ti
\j

hain, desert.

p |M-j hln, behold (imp. of

pd,

foot,

leg

base, foundation

dldan).
ability, strength.

power,

p u-j hind, seeing, possessed of vision.

p /^^ j\j pdddsh, retribution, requital, retaliation, reprisal.

p JC-o hlnad,
p u:-x=i-lAi-j

sees, seeth (rt.

^>X>0 dldan).

hiyanddMt, he overthrew,

he

ilijb pddshdh

(pi.

j^biLijij pddshdhun),

upset
p

(rt.

^j:;^ljjl anddkhtan).
htyandesh,
reflect,

king, monarch, emperor.

(rt.

fjSjjX^

consider

p sJ\j iLijlj pddshdh-zdda, king's son, prince.

j^JuJLjjJI).

p ^Jbliiob

pddshdhl,

condition

of

king,

Jb
royalty,

24

A
;

kingly

rank,

dignity

or

office.

p fc_?u pai, foot, leg

foundation

stand, pedestal

^<^f jeiiLijjb pudshuhl

king
p
;

Jcardan, to act the

basement,

d.-^.^ P^y(^t) thy foot.

its)

tj^\>
pdyani,
to

to reign, rule, govern,

pdyash, his (her or

foot.

|jI>

JfcLijlj pddshdhe, a certain king.

il>

my
az

foot.

j^fc^l:Jl

^\i

j\ az

pdi uftddan,

par, over, across.

break

down on

the road.

^\^ j^ ol> j\
our wake,

p ijjjj^ Pars, Persia.

pdi dar dmadan,

i_5l'

to slip, trip, tumble, fall.

nid, in

p LoiU pdrsd

(pi.

j^uL^lj
;

pdrsdt/dti), abste-

t*

J J dar pdyi
pdi

^fb

mious, pure, holy

devotee, ascetic.

ij2>-i^J

ddslitan, to

hold one's footing.

p irjU \^j\j pdrsd -zdda, saint's son. V ^\^^j\j pdrsds.1, purity; holiness; asceticism.
Pdrsdie, a certain devotee, a pure, holy man.
p

(.^b fdi giriftan, to obtain a footing, ^J^J> to take root,

(jbb pdydn,
<X<J

end, extremity, close,

tied

p ^c-J;b Pdrsl, Persian.

p iXi pdra, torn to pieces, in rags. p
iij\i

^\i pdi-hand, foot-bound,

pdi-handem,

by the

leg.

*j JOJ t_f l)

we are tied by the leg.

^b

pdra pdra, patch upon patch.

patcher, botcher.
;

p ^^y^\i pdi-posh, (foot-cover) shoe,

p

pjjj njo pdra-doz,

p

ij^y

t_fb

pdi-posM, covering for the

feet.

^jb

pdrina, ancient

elapsed, past.
;

Pj^JjI) pdi-ddr, firm, fixed, stable,

regard,

perma-

p (jwU pds,

watch, guard, defence

.i?l>-

nent, lasting, enduring.

consideration.

^^li pdsi Widtir, attention to wishes or wants.

p iiuju pdi-gdh, dignity, rank

step.

office,

post

p jjU-jlj pdsbdn,

watchman

shepherd.
;

p
for

JUjU
vile.

pdi-mdl, trodden under foot

ruined

p i^ls-'b pas yhdtir, attention to wishes

the sake
p
of,

in deference

to.

p iJO-^b pdyanda, firm, perpetual, permanent,

lasting, durable,

gJ\i pdse,

one watch, a single watch.

p ^Jk--ilj pdshldan, to sprinkle, strew, scatter,

p iOb pdya, rank, grade, dignity

point, promotion,

step, degree,

p
p

jj*--ilj

pdshida, strewed, scattered.

free.

cJb

puk, pure, clean, cleansed, bright;

^b pds.e,

a leg.
still

i^i^S CJli

pdk

Jcardan,

to

make

clean,

to

p /^iXob pdndan, to stand

halt, hesitate
;

or firm

to

cleanse, to clear, to free, to

winnow.
p

to last, endure, boil

;

p jL^l.) pdJc-hdz, sporting harmlessly; honourable' lover.

^j^i^ pukhtan, to cook,

to

concoct,

imagine, entertain an idea, conceit, or notion.

off.

(O^

t-^b P^^ hurdan, to carry clean

p &:u^, puTdbta, cooked, boiled

rich in experience.

matured, ripe

i^\^ cJl pdk-ddman, pure-skirted, who keeps his garments clean and pure.

one

VjSi pidar,
p p
Jj)ji>J

father.

'^LJjSi pidarat,

thy father.

VjjijJ[) pdk-rav, upright in conduct.

p ^jisi-^
to

padrHd, farewell, adieu.

padid, clear, evident, plain, manifest,

cJb pdk sokhtan,

to

consume utterly,

<X>kX)

burn clean up.

p fj^Ju cJ[) pdk-nafs, pure-souled. p ^j-^l> pdklza, pure, chaste p ^Jjj

;

io'^*l 'V.'^ padld dmadan, to appear, become manifest,

public.

cleanly, neat,

p J jj pazlr, accept thou. p ^:ii^ jj paziruftan, to accept, receive, submit

to,

^j^^ pdklza-run,

clear-faced,

p (.^S^j^Wj pulhang, bridle, halter, p iSJ\j pdnzdah, fifteen. i<2Lj

sdlagl, the
if

consent

to experience, undergo.

Jpb pdnzdah-

p J

par

(or J parr), feather, wing. Pur, full,

age of fifteen years.

filled,

crammed, glutted,

satisfied

much.

r^

; ;

25

^ji

p sJjS\jJ pardganda, scattered

disturbed, un-

p \*j parrva, care, concern, anxiety, thought,

quiet, restless, uneasy, distressed; ruined.

attention, heed,

JJ

iSi^\j pardganda-dil, heart-wounded,

p i^j^*y parwdrl, fatted,

stall-fed.

lJj^^j^

y^

confused in mind, bewildered, distracted.

p

guvi parwdri, fatted ox.

p ^\^ji parwdna, moth.
Pjl^J^jj J parvardagdr, the Deity (as nourisher

tJjv ^'^^A

P"'>'S.ganda-rozi, disordered in

one's circumstances; one

whose worldly affairs

of sun or moon.

are in confusion.

and supporter of

all).

iiji

partav, ray, light,

beam

p p iJ^r) partave, a ray, a single or solitary ray.

i^'^j*ji

parvardan, to rear,

foster, cherish,

nourish, bring up, pamper.

vii^jtj ^ryar<?a, brought up, nourished, reared,
fostered, educated
;

F jS~ J pur-hazar, full of caution, heedful

ware, wary, cautious.
p

foster-son.

^\s-.j

purJchash, battle, war, conflict, strife,

p i^jjji parvarish, bringing up, rearing, patronage,

brawl, quarrel.

support,

sustentation,
ij

sustenance,

vjas>-j

pur-ldiatar, full of peril, dangerous.

p ci-%:>-1jj
affair,

parddJM, engagement,
;

business,

maintenance. nourishment,
p ii^jiji

l::--%-1

parvarishat,

thy

dealing

attention.

parvarinda, cherisher, bringer

up,

p ^j:j>'\Jij parddlchtan, to quit, leave, abandon

to execute, finish; to arrange, prepare, set in order; to have dealings; to wait upon, to mind, attend to, be attentively employed, closely and busily engaged, or taken up with.

fosterer, nourisher, trainer,

p \^'^,jyji parvwrldan, to bring up, to train up,

foster, cherish, nourish,

^.tflj fJ

Parwin, the Pleiades,

^^i-j

p icj>-\jj parddihta, engaged, employed, occu-

p a J parra, side, border,

ay parra^i

blni,

pied

attentive.

the nostrils; the sides or walls of the nostrils.

p t^tJ/ pur-dard, full of pain, painful.

p
Jj parda,
veil,

p ^jx^Xibj parhekktany to be on one's guard

to abstain, refrain
;

curtain

musical key orraode;

to practise moderation,

or style of music.

^^Is'i J>jj parda^i alhdn,

temperance and sobriety.

p

J-Jby

parhez,
;

abstinent,

temperate,

chaste,

musical scale, gamut. ,J^_ ^^^ pardan Mnl,

the cartilage that separates the nostrils
;

continent

abstinence, continence, controul

the

over the passions, sobriety, j^t)^ J*Jby parhez

kardan, to abstain, refrain.

septum of the nose.

Jjwl.^

ajj

pardas-i

cushshdk, (melody of lovers),

name

of a cer-

PjlT^JV parhezgdr{-^\. ^^j^jn^y parhezgdrdn),

sober, abstinent, chaste, temperate, abstemious, moderate, cautious, careful.

tain musical mode. tSJo^ Ll^^AJ&

i^j pardas-i
worldly

haft rang, veil of seven colours;

vanities.

p ^_Sjy^ji parhezgdri, chastity, temperance,

Pj^J J^ parda-ddr, chamberlain.

V

continence, restraint, moderation.

p

Jt^j

parastdr

(pi.

u^^:^>~j/

parastdrdn),

^ji pari,
^_SJi

fairy, elf, fay.

filled,

worshipper; servant, waiter, waiting-maid.

p ijcz>^j parastanda,

purl, thou art full,

crammed.

adoring; worshipper.

p il-j

^j

parl-paikar, fairy-faced; beautiful,

p juj^ ptir8ad,h.e (or she) should ask or inquire,

p (j*ujj pursish, question, enquiry
;

comely, handsome.
p

condolence.
her).

^J^y

parldan, to

fly, to flutter.

p jji^ Jk---y pursidamash, I asked

him (or

Vj\mj^j ^jJ

pari-rukJisdr, fairy-cheeked.

p ^iJk-y-j^ pursldan, to ask, inquire, interrogate,

question.

p jj ^jj parl-ru (pi. (^V.j>j t-^ P^^''' fO^gdn), fairy-faced; handsome, comely.

p (j^LJ J parniydn,

kind of

fine

painted

p^\jSjJj pareshdn, dispersed, scattered

sive, roving;

discur-

Chinese silk

any garment made of the same.

confounded, confused

incohe-

^Ji
rent,

26

^^,
pashlmdm, penitence, repentance.
(3l.4-.jlj

desultory,

rambling,

random,

hair-

p ^JU--iJ
i^iJ^i^c^

brained,

harum scarum;

afflicted, sad.

pashlmdm

Jdnvurdan,

to

p Jl>. i^JJLiJ pareshdn-hul, distressed, ruined. p

repent, to grieve, to be sorry,

JUw

(^luj J paresMn-hali, a distressed, sad,

state; distress, misery, perplexity,

p (jw^ palds, coarse woollen cloth, such as

is

and ruined

worn by
p

dervishes, sackcloth.

vexation, trouble.

T^j^Jjj M^'^r' paresJidn-rozgdr, distressed one's circumstances, ruined, broken, bankruptp iJ)\j!Ljj
paresTiani,
distraction,

1^^
attire,

u^L' palds-posh,

clad

in

dervish's

dressed in the garb of a dervish,

dispersion,

p ij-iy. tjw^ palds-poshi, a being dressed in the garb of a dervish,

p i^S-Xi palang (pi.

rout; distress, desolation; insaneness, vagary.

j^UoL palangdn),

leopard,

p ^'^y*'^ pazhnurdan,

to fade, wither.

p ijiil

i^S^

palang-afgan,

leopard-killing,

p ^'^j^y pazhmurda, withered, faded. p jj^ pas, behind, after; then

;

overthrower of leopards,
p iJ^ij palangi, peculiar to, pertaining to a

therefore, con;

sequently

hence, afterwards

the rear. Pasat, be-

leopard

the nature or ferocity of a leopard,

p c:..-<Auj pasty low, short, dwarfish.

p J-Jj palld, filthy, dirty, impure, defiled.

hind thee, after thee. p

p
i::Mjj

Jt^i

palittar, dirtier,

more nasty,

filthier,

pista, pistachio -nut.

(j^
r***J

p Aui pandh, protection, defence, shelter.

p i5.&liJ pandhe, a shelter, a refuge, p iLjj
p

-u*j

pisar (pi.

pisardn), son, lad, boy,

p ^juj^ pisare, a boy, a lad, a son. p (^iX^

I

pamha

{or

pumha), cotton,

JCkAuj

pasand dmadan,

to be pleasing,

J^

<Uij pumha-doz, carder of cotton,

acceptable, approved, reasonable.

p -^j panj, five. p iLsaj panjuh,

fifty.
fifth.

p j^jc-w pasandan or (^JjuXi.ujj pasandldan, to

approve, applaud, commend.

p Jo JOmJ pasandid, he approved

approved.

p p

M^i
dj:sXi

panjum,

p if Jo iXUuj pasandida, approved, applauded, com-

panja, claw, talon; hand with the fingers

mended;

acceptable, grateful; warranted.

expanded. ^xS3\ji^ ij:^i panja dar afgandan

(or i^i^S ijs^.j panja Jcardan), to grapple,

vJi}iSiX>jMj pasandldatar,

more approved.
;

^j^ pasich,
preparative.

march, marching

preparation,

contend, strive. p Jjj pand, advice, warning, admonition, counsel.

|^u;l^

pasiniydn, followers, those

who come

V J\SUi pinddr, conceit; esteem, good opinion;

after; the moderns.

suppose, imagine (imp of ^^y^\x^).

;

p ^z-JmJ pusht, the back

support, prop, stay.

j^::-ii

Joj pmddshtan, to think, consider, sup;

j^olj iJi^Lj pusTit dddan, to turn the back,

to fly, to flee.

pose, imagine, fancy; to esteem

to conceit.

u ui-A.> pushti pa,

;

p
instep.

(_5-Jcj

pande, a bit of advice, hint, suggestion.

p i:JLi pushta, bundle, pack, load

p
faggot.

^l.^

pinhdn, secret, hidden, concealed, supjj^>^ u;^^-' pi^^o,n shudan, to be

p jc^iAj pushti, aid, help, succour.

pressed.

concealed.

p ^_^w-uuw pushtlbdn, supporter; prop, buttress.

_ij

panlr, cheese (for which the panther

is

p p

<jij
<Ii1j

pashm, wool.
pasha or
<11j

said to

pashsha, gnat.
piece of money, small
p

have a predilection, or at least to bo satisfied with a small piece or morsel thereof.

p J-jIlj pashlz, any

little

LJry^ panire, a cheese.

(pi. l^A-jjJ

change,
p |^U---i1j pashlmdn, penitent, repentant.

p ti-^jy post

posthd), skin, hide,

(of a snake).

rind, coat, peel, shell, slough

(^"^^i

27

lU^aJ

c:-^^ J

''-^-~*=^

^''*'^

^'^'* j3(s<,

coat

upon

coat (like an onion).

p ij^l .-J ptrdman, and^yU-j plrdmun, about, around, round about, environs, skirt, p <OU-j plrdna, like or worthy of an old man. p
p p p
^^-S>U-J
&-i\jfJ

p i^ry^^ postin, fur cloak or garment, dress

made of skins,
(or
^it>'v:ii^

^^jj

^j^^yi postin darldan

dar postin uftadan or
ill of,

plrdhan, loose vest, tunic,

shirt,

j^j-i~jy ^iJ

perdya, ornament, decoration,

plr-zan, old

ij^^i raftan), to speak

to slander.

to tell the faults,

(^

r^'

woman,

iSjr^

plr-zane, a certain old

woman,

^i^J

r;0jy postln-dozt, business of one

;

who

makes garments of skins

p ^i-i-jy postinl, r

trade of a furrier.

p i^y% j^ plr-mard, old man.

^ jtrfJ piroz, victorious; prosperous; favoured by fortune and opportunity. p
p

made

of fur, fur-wrought.
hide,

^Ju^y
mask
;

poshidan,

to cover,
;

conceal,

^j

^-j

plra zan, old woman.

shift,

to wear,

put on

to dress, clothe.

iS^y

^j^
^j^
(_^^-o

plrahan, shirt,

smock

tunic,

poshlda, hidden, concealed; covered,

plri, old age, decrepitude.

clothed, clad.

P i^-J plre, an old

man.
of,

p Jiy puldd,

steel,

pesh, before, in front

in the van

in

p jju J^jj puldd-bdzu, steel-armed,

i.e.

having

an arm of
p
p

steel

brawny, sinewy.

the presence of, to. Payash, at the heels of him or her, after it.

^V,y

put/an, running.

Pj! {Ju^ pesh dr, take (imp. of

pesTi dvardan).
ribs,
;

J^i^

(ji-J

^J^y

puildan, to run.

PjL^j pahlu, the side under the short

p

^c^-

'^

U^ P^^^
lA-^
;

""^

^^>

before this, heretofore.

to

pai, heel

footstep, ti'ack, trace

of.

muscle,
azpais-i

p lO-^*'

P^'^^

dmadan,

come

before,

nerve; after, in pursuit

^'^y J^

meet

to occur, to

happen

ma, at our
p

heels, after us.

p kJtL-j peshdnl, forehead, skull. p c:^^A-j peshat, before thee, in thy presence,

jLj
i^il-J

pai-d-pai, step

by

step, successively.

piydda

(pi.

^^lijLj piyddagdn), foot;

.".1*.^

peshtar, before, foremost,

;

passenger, pedestrian

pawn

at chess.

r ^!j (^-J pesh raftan, to go a-head p 5^A-j pesh-rav, leader, captain,

p

to succeed,

p jLj piydz, onion.

p ^Lj paydm, news, message, errand, p -iU peek, turn, twist. p ^^JlJLstj pechdnidan, to twist ; to turn away,

^^jxs^fj^ pesh
self, to

giriftan, to propose to one's-

adopt, embrace.

p^i

(^/i-j

pesh gir (imp. of

^^^ ^J^

pesh

withdraw.
p

giriftan), take, select, pick, choose.

-iU pech pech, twisting and coiling.

coil,

A-iJL-j

pesha, business, craft, trade, habit.

p |^*X-:sX; pechldan, to

wind, twist, writhe,

;

V jtiJL^ peshawar, artificer, craftsman. p

->.

bend

avert, turn

away

to roll, to

rumble

! > peshln, primitive, preceding, former.

)

(as the bowels).

p ^L;.-JLj peshlniydn, those gone before, they

of primitive times, the ancients. p
;

p1a-j paidd, produced, created; plain, distinct,

evident, manifest.

/U-J pa igh dm

(or *i-j paighatn), message.

(pi. ^J^j^^ajuj

p^ pir
saint
;

(pi.

J^j^^

pirdn), old, aged

guide,
prior,

holy man,
-j

Vj^.^^k^^

paigham-har

paigh im-

spiritual

abbot.

hardn), messenger, prophet.

c:-^_ys plri tarlkat, spiritual guide, superior of a religious order or community.

p ^ju^\j^^ perustan, to adorn, patch up.

p l1>-j paik, courier, messenger.

Pjl^y paikdr,
P

battle, conflict, contest.

^j^^

paikdn, javelin, dart, spear.

28

<x^

^ Jr-'i'^^ (P^- e-'^.i^'^"")* elephant, c^***^ J-j j92? viad, furious elephant, elephant in rut. r

A L^.>Jl!> tatdlh, erudition, instruction; chastisement, correction, discipline.

i^U^
(^t^ii-J

pllban

(pi.

^ULLj

pllhandn),

ele-

p \j\j tdrdj, plunder, devastation, destruction,

waste, desolation
P(j/(lj' turah, top,
;

phant-keeper.
p

dissolution.
;

pil-tan (elephant-bodied), big, huge,

summit

crown of the head;

bulky, burly, gigantic.

p

point of a spear.

j^^
"v

pilawar, pedlar, huckster.

*

A
p p
or

fCj^

tas^rllJi,

date,

day of the month.

p <U-j plla, cocoon of the silkworm.

CS^j\j

tdrlk, dark, dull, cloudy.

tdrih-dil,

p p

^U-J ^\y^
-/-j

paimdn, promise,

treaty, covenant.
for

JJ

1Sjj\j

black-hearted

be-

paimmia, measure either

;

wet

nighted, depraved.
p .S^j^'i tdrilil, darkness. p
i

dry goods
p

cup, goblet, bowl,

payam-lar, messenger, prophet.

JjjU tdzanda, galloping, cantering, prancing.

p ijJ^lj ji'^*^ payamlar-zddagl, birth or descent from a prophet.

p

p ^ju tdza, fresh, verdant, blooming, blushing.

Pj^j
unite,

irjlj

td%a-halidr, fresh spring.

paivastan, to join, ^J^^yf^ intimately.

associate

p jj ij<J tdza'Tu, fresh-faced, smiling.

p i_>jb td%l, Arab, Arabian, Arabic language.

r i^^^y^ pmvasta, joined, united

habitually, uniuterruptedly.

constantly,

p ajL) jb'

tdziydna,

scourge, lash;

whipping,

flogging, caning,

p a3j-j paivand, kindred, relation, connexion

p ^jJdJU tdzldan, to run. A i_iL:U ta^asmf, grieving, regretting; grief,

sadness, anguish, pain. p^^Jjjrisiif
u.p..-0' ta^as-

conjunction, joint, articulation.

lihwurdan, to grieve.

p iSJ p
Ij

at,

of thee
;

to thee.
;

A u-:\j tas-assufan, of grief, from vexation, soras soon

td, until

in order that, so that

as
;

rowfully (ace. case employed adverbially).

as, as

much
!

so long as, as long as; ere;

!

p (^yiib tdftan, to shine, sparkle

twist, twirl
;

to

spin, to

lo

behold

beware

have a care
lustre
;

to turn

away
;

the face,

p <-->u tdh, heat,

warmth,

power.

p CJ\j tdh, vine, tendril p Is^

Ij

clasp.

p^IjU
p

^aJdw, lustrous, bright, shining, dazzling.

td hujn, td
Icai,

how

far

?
?

to

what extent

^CauJu

tdhistdn,

summer.
p

Pj^JoIj tdh-ddr, bright, shining, glossy.

AF
ib'b'

b"

how

long

tiU

when ?

A kiJU tadlf, composition, compilation.

Tatar, Tartars, Tartary.
A j^\j .J tadhir, influencing, impressing, irapressiveness, efficiency, efficacy.

A J*^\j taiammul, reflection, meditation, consideration, thought,

p

^^^b tdwdn, mulct,

4_/j

fine,

amercement,
u), until he.

A -\j

tdj,

crown, diadem, coronet.

p

td

wai or vaiiiov ^\ b td

apj1a:>-Ij tdj-ddr, wearing a crown, crowned,

diademed.
A .>-lj tdjir, merchant, trader.

A Jj^b"

tas-wll,

explanation, interpre.;ation, ex-

position,

commentary.

^ ,^j>-\j

A li^^b ta-yid, aid, help, assistance.

tdjire,

a merchant,

p Jaj>-lj td chand,

how
to

PjLJ
far
?

tabdr, family, tribe.

;

how

long

p iLj' tabdh, ruin, destruction V

^^j:^s^\j

ruined; ruinous.

tuTihtan,

attack,

rush upon; to
p ^^ft>bJ tabdh'i, ruin, wreck, perdition; wickedness, depravity, dissoluteness.

gallop, to

walk

fast; incursion, iiTuption.

kj^p>-\j ^tM!r, delay, postponement, reservation.

Jj J^J

tabdll,chax\ge, alteration, permutation.

>.

-.

J^
gratulation; abundance, plenty.
A ***A-J tahassum, smiling, smile,

29

ur/
supporting, bearing durance, forbearance.

A cJyjJ tdbarruk, felicitation, benediction, con-

with

patience,

en-

A
tLJ'

^.^rsKT

tahlyat (pi. ^.zj\^jsr tahlydt), congratu-

p <LJ tabah (or <Uj for iLj tahdh), ruin.

,^ji-i^ tahaJi gashtan, to

lation, felicitation.

become marred,

A^,l=c^
to

tahaiyur,

astonishment,

amazement,

be spoiled.
^ lJJ^ Tatari, Tartary. a Tartar cap such as
tinction.

bewilderment, confusion.

^J^ i^ kuldhi tatarl,

is

p i^^riT A

taJJit,

throne.

worn by men of
;

dis-

^>L'V

takhlls, release, deliverance, rescue,

Tatare, a Tartar.

salvation.

a^:ij

tatimmat, completion

appendix, sup-

p *csr tukhin, seed

fruit-stone

egg.

plement.

p*JJj\Sj taddruk, reparation, making amends;

iij\ssr tij'urat, traffic, trade,

commerce.
A

precaution, preparation.
--Jt>j"

K j^\ssr tajdsur, boldness, hardihood.

A <0^psr
trial.

tajrilat,

experiment, experience, proof,

advice prudence, arrangement, management, skill, controul, government. shift, contrivance

tadblr,

deliberation, counsel,

A ^..^jjssr

tajrlh, trial, testing, proof.

A jjj tadri {gezmated form of

search,

^^JJ

tadi-l, aor.

A ^^***Lsr tajassus, spying, watching,

inquiry.

of the defective verb cJ^t), he knew), thou

hast known, or knowest.

(J^^

i_^tJ^'

tadrl

(aor.

tajalli,

lustre,

brightness, brilliancy.

of the verb i^j^^),

thou

knowest, or knewest.

AP ^i^S

ls^^

tajalll Icardan, to reveal,

make

ffUj^'j

tadrlj, gradation.

clear or manifest.

A u-'^ju' tazhlb, gilding,

p J tar, wet, moist, fresh, green (also a particle

A u-^^'lsT ^ayawwMS, avoidance, ap ^^ji^ i_JJsr

tajannub kardan, to shun, eschew, avoid, refrain, desist.

which, added
bidding beware, setting on one's
p \jj turd, thee

to

an adjective, forms the comfor thee.

parative degree).

A J Jt=c^
guard

tahzir,
;

threatening, cautioning, warning.

;

to thee

kjijssT tahrir, manumission

A <Uj
jssr"

writing correctly.

p j\J tardzu, balance, scales.

tahrlmat, rendering venerable or sa-

A ^J\J tardnl, thou scest

irregular,

me

(aor. of t^\j rata,

cred

commencement of

prayer.

with the affixed pronoun).

A \y^M*s^ tahsihu (the gezmated form of |^-*urcr

tahsibuna, aor. of i_>*L^r*.
tj^<....?g^
1'

A hjj turbat, grave, sepulchre, tomb.

A

),

ye will reckon.

^J

tarbiyat, instruction, discipline, tuition,

la tahsibunl,

do not consider me.

education, training, bringing up.

A A
t^M.-c^ tahsln,

i^^y'

tartlb,
;

arrangement;
composition.

preparation,

commendation, applause, apa p i^ji^S ^^*>rv^ tahsln

getting ready

probation, approval,

A J-J J

tartll,

reciting with

clear voice,

kardan, to applaud, approve,

commend.
A

chanting, intoning, intonation.

/^=-y"

A jj-t-oas^

tahsil, collection, gain, acquisition.

;

tarahkum, commiseration.

A djissT tuhfat, present, gift A

rarity.
;

A JJJ" taraddud,
truth,
cer-

coming and going, continual

fro; irresolution, hesitation,

^Aac^
tainty.

tahklk,

investigation

movement
p

to

and

^jJissT Jj&^ ahlt tahklk, divines, doc-

doubt, wavering.

tors of divinity.

Ly

tarsd, infidel

pagan

christian.
;

/J^=K^

tahakkum, commanding,

ruling;

do-

.LoJ tarsdn, fearing, dreading

afraid.

minion, rule, authority.

A
J./c3c^

p Jk-jJ tarsad, (he or she) fears, or should fear. p c:^.4~jJ tarsamat, I fear thee.

tahammul, bearing, carrying a load

uv
;

30

Ui-

p i^Ju-j^' tarsidan, to fear, be afraid, alarmed or apprehensive to stand in awe.

A *-Ju*J tasllm, delivery, surrender, consignment, submission, resignation health, se;

p jA;J" tursh or turush, sour, acid austere, rough, morose.

crabbed

curity. A Pj^t^S' (-L*J tasllm kardan, to give

up, resign, surrender.

Pj-iy
p

tursh-ru, sour-faced.

A <U;JL

'
t

tashblh, comparison, simile.

aor. of
rt.

(^

rr-i

lA/

turush-shirin, sour-sweet.

A lL^Aj tushrika, nasbated

lICI^ he

p Jt^ lJ^? turush-ta^n, sour-flavoured, acid.

p

gave a partner, 4th form of the

CSJ^

^J^y
iffSy

turshl, acidity, sourness.

taralcki,
rise,

A i^JijJij tashrlf, ennobling, honouring, con-

ascendant,

promotion,
p
p

ferring honour
.ioul.;

compliment

improvement.
p i-lO tark, abandonment, forsaking, quitting,
leaving, relinquishment, giving over, renunciation,
<__5jl

tishnagl, thirst, thirstiness,

(pi.

tUAJ tishna

^^IxiAj tishnagdn), thirsty.

p jAJ" tashwlr, anguish, distress.

neglect,
tarlci

dereliction

abdication.

CSp

adah, rudeness, abandon-

i^Juj^JLj

tashwlsh, bother, harass, confusion,

ment

of due respect, breach of good manners.

alarm, disquietude.

AP ^l>to life.

CSp

tarlci jdn,

leave of

life,

farewell
leave,

A i_a-J l^' tasdnif

(pi.

of

*_g.;.rt}' tasnlf), lite-

i^'^S

^y

rary compositions, books, works, writings.

iC'fk

Icardan,

to

quit, forsake.

A ^j^Xjsj tasdik, verifying, attesting

as true, credence.

receiving

PA <-Li/ Turk

(pi.

^J^JJ turkan), Turk.

(__i;-^' tasarruf, conti'oul,

power, grasp, dis-

<ti

tarikat, bequest, legacy, leaving.

posal, use.

p ^^CmSjj Tiirkistdn, Transoxiana.

A -s^" turunj, citron
;

_:3J

tasannUi^,

artifice,

speciousness, dis-

orange.

(See the chapter

A

simulation, display.
c_g.>;>.'3,!>'

of the Kur'an entitled "Joseph.")

tasnlf,

compiling, composing.

A *JJ tarannum, singing, modulation,

to one's-self.

humming

A jy^dj

tasauwur,

imagination,

fancy,

idea,

image,

a p j^f-V^

j^

tasauwur kardan, to

p sjj tarra, green, pot-herb.

imagine, image, picture, portray.

A ijV.y an antidote against poison.

tiryak, treacle of

Baghdad, esteemed

A (__?^-^ tasauvouf, contemplation

A
<T

Suflsm.
self,

j^

tazarru^,

humbling of one's
earnest

proor

A Si J turtdu, thou desirest

(aor. of Ji^i ardda,

found submission,
deprecation.

supplication

4th form of j|^, concave j wdio).

JJJ

tazdad, thou wilt increase (gezmate of

aor. of jl Jjl izddda, 8th

J\jj tazdddu,
of the
rt.

form

A J^'^i' tatdwul, oppression, usurpation, conquest rudeness.

;

j\\ zdda, concave ^J ye).

.Lj"

tatir,

gezmate of -Ij

tatlru, aor. of the

.^-***J"

tashlh,

celebration of the praises of

rt. J^:s

tdra,

he flew or

fled,

concave ^^ ye.

God
AP

chaplet of beads, rosary.

"f^.-l^ tashlh-JJiwdn, a singer of the

A j-ikj tathiM, riseth(aor. fem. of j_i\? talaui). A

^^
e:.^

c^i

tatauwti^, doing a good action gratis,

c ^kiJ hi tatauwu^, volun-

praises of

God

one

who

tells his
it
is,

beads.
is

supererogation,
tarily.

l::-^auJ"

tast,
'ij>

or

tust,

thee

thine.

A bar
tust,

>

^Ai'j tatlhi,

thou art sweet

(aor. of the rt.

on thee (devolves).
t_;lls tdla,

concave

^*Jr***J

tusrifu,

commit excess (gezmate of

A
,

ye).

^^jujj

tusrifuna, aor. of
rt.

i__i;~sl

asrafa, 4th

J^J God

tabula',

he was exalted (3

pers. pret.,

form of the
A
^J.***j"

-y* 0-

tasallij cousolation, solacinf

Gth form of ^I.i , often joined to the name of in an optative sense, May He be exalted and usually rendered adjcotivoly, MostHigh.
I

,K

31

.^
disunion, dissension,

j-otji

tacobbud, worship, adoration, devotion.

p ^i-^S

^JH

tafrika

A liJuxj tacbudu (gezmate or nasbate oi ^^>Xm

tacbuduna, aor. of Ju cabada), ye worship.

kardan, to distribute, separate.

A SAsii tafakkud, strict search, diligent inquiry.

<U->n7

taMyat, arranging, exercising,

insert-

A SJu

tafakkur,

thinking,

contemplation,

ing, fixing.
fixed.

A.v^xL

'U-JtJ'

taJ>ia shudan,to be

thoughtfulness.

ij^\}AJ tafwiz, confiding,

making

over, con-

i--*J

ta^lr, interpretation of dreams.

ta^jjub, astonishment, surprise.
^ac.yi?,

signment, transference.

A K_

-y^

A
A

Lslaj takdzd (originally jc-sUl'' takdzi),

action, dunning.

ex-

A J.:^s*^
A
JkXJ

haste, hurry, precipitation.

iXcliJJ'

takdiud, backwardness, hanging back.

ta-^uddu,

thou enumeratest

(aor. of the

A
verb <Ac ^adda).
A i^Jju ta^addi, assault, hostile encroachment, hostility, violence, oppression. A k_^o
jotj"

-sAAj

tukabbihu

aor. of

^'s kabbaha, 2nd

detestest.

form of thert. ^jJ), thou

A ijM Jjij
fakaddasa,

he was sanctified (3rd

;

tatzlb, infliction of

punishment, tor-

pers. pret.
tively.

5th form of (jwJj)

!

used opta-

ment, torture.
A ,^j*J ia^arruz, finding fault, objecting
;

dis-

be sanctified and usually translated adj actively. Most Holy.

May He

approbation, opposition, resistance, aversion, annoyance, exposure presentation.

;

A J jjij' takdlr, decree, appointment, fate. A t_^yu takarrub, association, intimacy

;

pro-

A <Uj*j

ta<i%iyat,

condolence.

pinquity, nearness, closeness. AP^^Jy+J i~-ijSu

A u- .-.^ir" ta-^ssub, partiality, tenacity, bigotry, obstinacy.

takarrub namudan, to approach,

draw

near.

A J

Jij'

takrlr, averring,

averment, avowal, re-

(J-liJ' ta-.tll,

suspension, interruption

va-

cital,

statement.
takslr, deficiency, fault, failure, short-

cation, holiday.

-.42iij"

A fjiju ta^lluk, attachment, dependence. A

A^1-*J

coming.
A JyiJ' takulu, she says (aor. of the
kdla, concave
rt.

ta^im, teaching, instruction.

taionnut, reproach, taunt.

^JU

t.::^^*?

J wdw).

A S^AJ

looking after, attaking tending to, tending, care of; agreement, promise.
ta gh dhm,

ta^ahhud, minding,

Js^

takwa\ piety.

A ^yij takwiyat, strengthening, invigoration,

support.

A ^^\xj

defrauding one another;

A
vexation,
peevishness,
fretfulness,

*jyiJ"

disap-

tahclm, straightening; an attempt to

straight,
tak, gallop, course, heat.

pointment.

make
p

-j*j

taghaiyur, alteration, change.

CSj

A ji-Ui" tafukhtcr, boasting, glorying.

A J-jUo takdsul, indolence, sluggishness. a.JSj takabbur, arrogance, pride.

A ^_

A (JJ,j^ tafdrtk A A

of (J^,Jo tafrik), intervals, divisions; instalments.

(pi.

-aV

taksibu thou
kasaba,

mayest acquire
he gained).
;

(aor. of

ci-JjUi" ta/dwut, difference, odds.

the A

rt. u,'^*"^

^ji>^

"
..

B !'
.

taftlsh, inquiry, search,

rummage.

i_aiio" takalluf,

ceremony

dissimulation, in-

A ^joi?^ tafahhus, investigation, search. A

r--;AJ tafarruj, recreation,

sincerity

extravagance, profuseness.

walking

for

amuse-

A \y)Xij takallamu, speak ye (imp of 5th form

of the verb *K).

ment.
A p jir -r^y^ tafarruj-gah, place for recreation,

LSj

takiyat, pillow

reliance,

support, de-

ambulatory.
A d^jSG tafrikat, division, distribution; discord,

pendence, p ^i^j

<UxJ"

takiya zadan, to lean.

p iJi i^Sj takiya zada, reclined, reclining.

^
p i,^S^ tag, canter, gallop
;

32

iiCiaor.

course, heat.

A ,j>^' iamnun (gezmate of ^' tamunnu,

of
ij.^

A j}ckj talutama, (the water or wave) dashed

manna, he upbraided (or reproached)

(6th form of the verb Jal).

on account of benefits conferred).

A J4J tamuz, Syrian

A 2ckj taldtum, A
p
^_/*.->ij

buflfeting, dashing.

month

(July).

talhls, fraud, trick, deceit, disguise,

A J*.^' tamiz, judgment, discernment. A (JwJ tamllu, bends (fem.

concave
p
ijj'

-f^

talWi, bitter,

aor. of

JL*
bulk,

mala,

p .uii -J^ taWi-guftdr, bitter in speech, satirical,

reproachful.

ye,

governed by loj-^ gh usun).

;

tan, body, person, individual

^jj
self,

p^^^ tallJii, bitterness

thou art
p a
ness
bitter.
.JJ

bitter disappointment

^jIj
p jJLjI

tan dadan, to engage,

;

mix

one's

meddle

to yield, give in, surrender,

L^'

taWil-chashlda, tasted bitter-

^J:

tan-dsdni, ease of body, personal

comfort or indulgence. A
Jjvij"

tandwul,

taking

food,

eating

and

A ;_aUlj talattuf, kindness, courtesy, blandness,

affability.

drinking.

(_alj'

talaf,

consumption, squandering, waste,

A 'U-ij tamhih, warning, caution, admonition,

p

ruin, destruction. aPj^JuI e_alj talaf shiidan,

to

j^

^'J

tan-parvar, luxurious,

voluptuous,

be

lost, to perish.

pamperer of the body.

p {^j}ji
;

p iiiji

(--filj

talaf karda, wasted.

ijj"

tan-parvari,

pampering of the body,

tantahl, thou
.

luxury, voluptuousness.
^_^-iJj

talflk,

sewing

together

dressing,

adorning.

itj^j

tantahi,

gezmate of

^cir*-^

A tX-.^" talmlz, scholar, student, pupil, disciple. A i^Sj talauwun, changeableness, versatility.
p

desistest, aor. of j^.^^^,

JOJ" tund,

8th form of ^.^j

hasty, violent, impetuous;

stern,

A ^Jj tuliga
A
J^'J

(pret. pass, of L' tala'), it is read.

is)

severe, austere.

tamma, was (or

Icitubu,

completed.

<_->li^\ *J

i^j^ >^^
(^^^ >^

tund-JJiu, violent-tempered.

tamma 7

the book

is finished.

tund-JJiun, violence of temper, vedisposition.

A Lit^J tamushu (originally

spectacle, sight.

-.iiUJ tamdshl), p
sufficient;

hemence of

C^-i^JcJ tan-durust, healthy, hale, sound,

well, in rude

/kUj"

tamatn, complete, perfect;

and robust health.

soundness of body,

concluded, ended; finish, end, completion. p

^^ji^

tan-durustl,

e^Uj

ij

ha tamdml, altogether, in to to.

health, healthiness.

AP ji^Uj tamdmtar, more

p ^Su'J

tundl,

greatness, bulkiness;

height;

complete.
hastiness,

haste,

impetuosity,

vehemence,

A ^-^^ tamattu^, enjoyment.

impetuousness.
A

kj^
at

tamr, a date.

jU^^ji^yi j ^\j_j^\
'

Jj }iJ*

tanzil, revelation

the Kuran.

tamr ydnic wa

ndtur gh air indnic, the

A lAiJ tansham (3 per. sin. fem. aor. of UJ),

shoots, or

date ripe, and the keeper not preventing.

may

shoot upwards.

Aj^
j^
A

tamurru, thou passest by (aor. of the

marra).
tamkin, power, authority, dignity.

rt.

f^^.UJ

tana^cum, happiness, luxurious enjoy-

ment.
p

^j^S^

lLS^

tunuk, shallow.
;

A (jLtj tamalluk, fawning, flattery, blandish-

p {.^Jjj tang, strait, narrow, tight

insatiate, guished, distressed vexation, affliction, annoyance.
;

pained, anavaricious

ment, cringing.
A \Laj

tamannd (originally ^J-Xi

for.

tamanni),

wish, desire, longing

p cjI

k^S^

tang-dh, shallow.

,^s^
p
<-!L>-

33

J^
mayest. ti

^^S~ui

tang-chashn,

(narrow-eyed),

^'

i^ tuwdtn, as

much

as

thou

covetous, insatiable, greedy, insatiate.

p e:

canst, as far as thou art able.

^ J i^J^ tang-dast
i^iJ

(pi.

j^^l^i-Jt)

t^S^

tang-

A i>y
A

taubat, repentance, penitence.

(ffls^aw),

poor, indigent, necessitous,distressed.

imig-dastl, penury,

^-jy

taublkh, reproach, reproof, upbraiding,

p jA-jJ

indigence,

chiding, scolding.

straits, poverty,

^^y

tawajjuh, turning of the face

(<S-?-j

wajh)

Jj i^S-^
vexed
.

tang-dil, sad, melancholy,

dumpish,

conversion,

attention

favour, countenance.

at heart, grieved,
(.^^ij"

A iXi>y tauhid, a profession of the unity of the

pinched
for

p i_$\t

tang-rozi,

food,

Godhead, unitarianism, anti-trinitarianism.

A
f-;;<^y

straitened for daily bread,

taudl^, bidding adieu, taking farewell

;

^S^

tangi, distress, straits.

dismissing

depositing.

Aj^'

tannur, oven.
(pi. of

^
tan), bodies
;

cIp^^jJ taurlt, the Pentateuch,

p l^^" tanha
one's
self.

^Jj

alone,

by

<Liy

tosha, provisions.

A ^J^*iy taujlk, divine guidance, favour of

God;

p ijl^' tanhdil, solitude, retirement, loneliness. p JCs^ ^-ij tane chand, several persons, some
individuals,
p

completion of one's wishes, success.

A Jjy tawakku^, hope, expectation, expectancy. A i__fljy tawahkuf, delay, hesitation, pause, halt.

tu,

thou; of thee, thy.

AP ^i^S u_ajjj tawahhuf kardan, to delay, to

pause, wait, halt.

A f-J^y iawdhi^{^\. of _jIj tdbi^), followers, dependents effects, results, consequences.

;

J^y

tawakkul, confiding, trusting in God.

j-^W

tawdzui.,
;

humility,

self-abasement,

V d^

tu

ki,

thou who, thou that.

committal to custody
j

submission
A
p

politeness.
pi.

J-^y
jjy

taukll,

charge,

*\y tuwdtn (p

^^^^
possible

tuwdmdn), twin,
;

custody,

^y

tuwdn,

may or can. .,ly tuwdn rast, one may escape. f^\y tuwdn guft, one may say, it may
it is

one

tuil,

thou

art.

p ij tih or tah, empty.

jji^^J"

tahdwun, neglecting, negligence, slight,

be said or spoken,
p
\j\yi tuicdnd,

it

can be said, A

carelessness, remissness.
I.^,v\J tahzih,

powerful, strong, able, stalwart,

ability, strength.

adorning, correcting, amend-

p (J^\jJ"

tuwdnun, power,

ing, adjusting, polishing, finishing.

p Ju \y tuwdnad,

it is possible,

one may, one can.

A a^^vy tuhmat, suspicion

calumny.

^JlJ*>j

ty tuwdnistan,
;

to be strong,

powerful

A tUj^j tahnuat, congratulation, felicitation.

to be able

to obtain the mastery,

(pi.

Aj^^' tahauwur, fury, boldness, rush,

violent assault, attack.
p ^.\,j tihi or tahl, p

onset,

ij^J tuwdngar
rich,

i^v^V
rich one

tuwdngardn),

wealthy, opulent, affluent; great,

empty

thou art empty.

VJ^y tuwdngar d,
rich in grace,

ci-wJ

|_^^'

tihl-dast (pi. 1^^'"^

i^y

tihl-

p w-^*J^ yO ly tuwdngar-Tiimmat, high-minded;

rffls^aw),"

empty-handed, poor,
tihl-maghz, empty-brained, addle-

p Ji^

LSir'

p i_sS^\^ tuwdngarl, opulence, wealth; powerfulness,

pated, shallow.

greatness.

Tmvdngare,

a certain

Vj>j

tlr,

arrow,

ap^*

Sc

^Imi

tlr,

science of

great, powerful, or rich

man.
i^\y

archery.

^ly

tuwdnam, I

am

able or capable.

V \\^\ j^ tir-anddz, archer. p SfJ tlra, muddy, turbid, obscure, dark. p \s^6ir Sj^ tira-bakht, unhappy, unfortunate.

^\ tuwdnam
p (J^y tuwdnl,

dn, I

am

capable of that,

thou art able, thou canst or

J^
p

34

^^^ ij^

ttra-haMtl, thou art unfortunate,

where the prayer

<i.-lx>~

(oration or sermon) called

thou art (or wilt be) miserable.

PA ^\j SyJ tlra-rdi, dark-minded, of beclouded judgment.
p
p
^^\tij

kJmtba

is

recited on Fridays,

p (Luljs- j'dma (pi. l^-^lsf

jdmahd), garment,
robe, vest, vesture,

clothes,

dress, raiment,

iyJ tlra-ravdn, dark-souled.

keen
;

garb, stuff.

iU*i i^\s>- jdmas-e ka^ha, a cover-

j-j'

tez, shsu'p,
j-j"

fierce, hot.

p jJsXspacity.

tez-cJiangl,

sharpness of claw, ra-

ing of black cloth embroidered with silver, in which the square temple at Mecca is arrayed, and which is renewed annually.
ij^ii^

p i^^JuJ

j*j"

tez-dandun, sharp-toothed.
P
fleet, swift.

tji^f^^" jdmahdyi hihan, old clothes.

life, soul,

(^U- jdn,
jdn ha

Pjjj-j' tez-rav, sharp-going,

r
<Lak-J"

j^*^

(rA**^

(S^ Li)^
soul

halcJc

tasllm kardan, to surrender the

tlsha, axe, adze.

te ffh,

spirit to

God.
!

jSj

i^^

j'dni pidar,

p j-y'
p

sword.

(of)

thy father

^X^ ,^1^ jdn

kandan, to

jU-J

tlmdr, care, attendance on the sick

^j

dig out the soul.

p (j;'^'^ ones.

grooming and currying a horse,

brushing.

J;^ ^U-J'

jdndn

(pi. of

^;^- yw), souls; dear

tlniar khwurdan, to receive a rub, to get a

t_^ l^ jdnih,

side, direction, quarter.

p ^^i^\s>-jdnsitdn, soul-seizing, life-taking; mortal.

A Ll-oU thalit, firm, fixed, stable, confirmed,

established.
to

V jy\s^ jdnvar, animal, living creature. p ,^jyi\s>- jdnvari, (thou) art an animal.

kv^xL
ratified.

lII-oU ihdhit shudan,

i-::-^^ thdhit liar-

be fixed,

i^^S

'S^ jdne,
living soul.
(j)\d^\:>-

a single soul, a soul, a

life

any

dan, to

make

firm, to confirm, to ratify.

A
A

ijij iharwat, opulence, riches.

jdwiddni, eternity; eternal.

by

thuraiya\ the Pleiades,

tTiu ghur (pi.

F J^.jl;^ jdwld, immortal, perpetual, lasting,

k jyi^

of jo tha gh r). passes,

j^
A

everlasting, enduring, permanent, eternal.

4t\Ji\

thu gh uru

islam, the passes, straits,

p &[>- jdh, rank, dignity, position, post, place.

t.::.^JfcU^

or frontiers of the lands of true faith.

jdhat, thy rank.

thumma, after

that, then, afterwards.

^^^

JJ&U^ jdhaddni (dual of the prct. 3rd form

rt.

A ijAJ thumrat,
A (j--^

fruit.

of the
costly.

J^y>- ), they both contend, or

cJ\si!i\p'- jdhaddka,

wage

thamm, precious, valuable,

war

against.

they both

fight against thee.

A 'Uj thandt, praise, encomium; compliment;

flattery.

A ^[s>-jdhil (p
p i^\s^ jdi

pi.

i^^Us- yaMaw), ignorant.

\j*JCi

A <j\y thawdh, reward, recompense.

(pi. \^^\s^ jdihd), place.

ljW"

^^J

thawdhe, a reward, a recompense.

jdtji nafas,

room

for breathing.
estate,
;

^IjJ

tJ^^

lajdyi zandn, to woman's

womanhood.

p ^'^}s>- jdi-gah, place, spot

point, degree.

p i^\^jdte, one place, particular place, point, dep

\s>-

jd, place, room.

Is*-

<UJ&

hamajd, every-

gree

fresh place

respect, regard, reference.

where.
p 'U-jlr*- jdiS-gah, place, locality.

(jM^\^ j'dsus,

spy, scout, emissary.

A ^j^b>- jdsusi, espionage, spying.

i^jMy^\:>- Jdllnus, Galen, the physician.

ij[^ jibdl

(pi.

of

(J.*=^

jobal), mountains.

A.j^s>-jahr ox jahar, restoration, repairing daA ^^l:>- jdmi^, a princi^ial

mosque

or

duomo

mage, as setting a bone, or repairing the broken fortunes of a friend.

T^'d|

3o

A Jjr5- Jahrll (or J-o^-j?- jahra^ll, or J-ol^-5>-

A 'Uxsj- ja^at, quiver, case for arrows.

jahrunl), Gabriel, the archangel.

A

A i^Jlxs^

ja<jj'ari,

the finest kind of gold.

^y^ jahal, mountain. iX^ j'ibiUat, nature, constitution.

^},s>- jibilliy, natural, original, innate.
^jr:^s>-

A Jjt5- ja^la, he placed, made, appointed, or

constituted (used optatively).

A
A

jahln, temple, side of the forehead.

A *U:>- jafds-, tyranny, ill-usage, maltreatment, oppression, cruelty, severity, violence; incivility, insolence; coarseness.

A Sp;- jud, bestow thou, be bountiful (imp. of

the
rt. j[:>-

A
p

f^\sis>-

jd/die,

an

insult,

an outrage.
;

jdda, concave j wdw).

\.::^Jis>-juft, pair,

couple, brace partner,

mate

Ss>- jadd, earnestness, seriousness, exertion.

strife,

fellow,

i^ii^ \j:^'Jis>- juft

giriftan, to take a

A ^y^Ss^ jidcd,
p

disputation, squabble.

partner, to marry, to pair,

p x^ys^ jigar-hand, liver, lungs

^^>\^

jnduil, separation.
attraction.
;

and heai't

son.

A ' j^ jazb, drawing,

A j>- jarr, drawing,

A Jj>de-

jalJa,

he shone in glory (epithet of God).

glorified

dragging, trailing

riving; the mark hasra ('), placed bencatli a letter, and equivalent to our vowel /.
^^:s:'^

Ic J ijs>-jalla wa ^la', may (He) be and exalted High and Glorious.

;

J-^lt ^dmilu

A
Jarr,
;

^_\s>'

one who drags

jull, housing, horse-cloth.

or draws down, depressor (in grammar) a governing power or particle that must be

A Jis>- j'alldd, executioner, headsman.

A fjh>-jaldl, majesty, glory,

followed by the genitive or oblique case.

ap

^Jll^s^-jaldlash,

his glory.

A J\j>- jarrdh, surgeon, chirurgeon.

p

A i^^js>^ jirdliat, wound, sore

wound on any

^S^ jaldli,
sian calendar

the

new

Persian era, so called

part of the body except the head. A

from Jalalu'd din Malik Shah, under whose reign, which commenced a.h. 465, the Per-

^j>- jards-im

(pi. of (L*jj:>- Jarlmat), crimes,

was reformed.
jdilis)}

offences, sins, trespasses.

^UA^

julasdi (pi. of ^jj*Xs^

com-

A AjS^ jurm, fault, crime.

A ^\ijS>- j'araudn, flowing, running.

panions, comrades.

A jUijp- julndr (from PjLli' gtilndr), pomegranate-flowers.

vjs^jm,
A

except, save, besides, all but.

*U5>- jazdt.,

recompense, retribution.
off;

(jui-L:j-

jails,

companion, associate.

A jtjp^jazm, amputation, cutting, breaking

A jU.5>- jamdd, not growing, inanimate, inorganic (as a stone). A (S^\a^ jamd:.at, meeting, society, congregation,

decision, determination; decided, positive.

A ^jJjsr jazlrat, island A ^j*>^

A
j'assa,

peninsula.
felt,

crowd, multitude, troop, swarm.

troop.

he touched,

fingered.

A ^^:^[,*^ j'amdiate, a
A
jamdlihi,

'ij[,MS>- jasdrat,

daring, presumption, boldness,

hardihood, audacity.
>-

^J\As>- j'amdl, beauty, comeliness.

aJU.sr' i*

by

his beauty.

jastan, to spring, leap, bound,

jump.

p sJ!Las>-

justan, to search, seek,

to

aim

at, strive

win

to

hunt

after,

pry

into.

kSmjs>- jasad, the body (of man, genie, or angel)

Jamshed, an ancient king of Persia, being the fourth monarch of the first or Peshdadyan dynasty. He built Istakhar or Persepolis, and was dethroned by Zahhak.

the calf of the children of Israel (spoken

of in the Kur'an).
Iju**:?-

j_.j>-ya/^, company, class, sect; conjunction;

the plural number; collected, composed, tran-

jasadan (ace.)
quil; united,

KjM^jiar,
A
*-u*5-

a p

^sJ^ %-^t^ jam^shudan,

;

bridge.
to

become collected

to

have carnal confor Jul

jism, the body.

;

nexion,
majestic.

^x^s^ janiiand

^^^A^jamz.

*--us>- j'aslm, corpulent, portly

and, are collected.

-/*5>-

36

V
brave lad
;

Jt^^

jai'i<>,

a company.

p djAJ\y>- jawdn-mard, brave; honest fellow,

liberal, generous.
;

A A*x^:>' Jam^lt/at, collection; reflection; tranp

quillity, quiet, calm.

^J-4JL:>- jawdn-mardl, manliness, courage liberality. Jawdn-marde, a certain brave man.

ij,\^:>-

T ^^Lis>- Jumhffi, completely. ^JLissT ha jiimp

lagl, in

jawdm, season
adolescence.

of youth, youth, juveJaiodne, a youth, one

;

the mass, altogether.

all,

nility,

\v Aac>- jumla, sum, whole,

gang. A

total

number;
p

young man,

a certain youth

a lovely youth,

Aa^SJsJi Hjumla, on
all,

the whole, to

sum up
A ^_-^>-

in short.

a graceful page.
5s-

jav jav, grain by grain, barley-corn

Jdi'ii^, all,

the whole.
;

by barley-corn.
honourable.

A ^^^>- Jamil, good, beautiful A

r
|^:>- j'hin, fairy,

fair,

l)^?-

jud, liberality, bounty.

genius,
to cause to be shaken,

A j=>- jaur, violence, severity, oppression, insult, outrage,

injustice,

tyranny; brutality,
inured to tyranny,

^s^\^:^ jumbunldan,
to

churlishness, boorishness.

make

to

move,

to

wag, wave or nod.

shake,
stir,

A p iJL^

p jjJi--.:^ jumbidan, to agitate,

bestir,

j^ jaur-jpesha,
;

tyrannical, brutal

tyrant.

/LJ^s^j'auz, nut.

p as^f^sy' Jumhlda, stirred. A

|^-,-i5>-

A t^JAS^ j'auziy, vendor of nuts,

^5;^9-

^ji

.ill^\
of a

jambaini

(obi.

of loV'^^ jmnhdni),

ahu

7 far of

bin j'auzi,

name

both sides.

k^S^^^ jamlaika,
(pi.

thy two

sides.

celebrated preacher at Baghdad.

kd:^ jannat
A
p
fjMS>s>- Jins,

(SJ\Ls^ jannut), garden.

(J^^- j'ausak,

lofty edifice, palace, kiosk,

;

genus, kind, stock, sort,

war, battle, fight,
strife, conflict,

p iri^^r josh, ebullition, ferment

clamour,

i^;S^ yyj

p ^lA-j
p
p

^j^ joshdnldan,
(J^y?"

to cause to boil,

contest. (^iJijl

{^S^jang
(Uci

uvardan, to wage

wf-i) *=f-

jaushan, coat of mail,

war, to fight.

(.SJoj?-

jang u

fitna,

war and
p
lit^yj\

lS^

Jaushan-Mdi, piercing the coat

strife.

of mail.

i*jCx=-

jang-dzmuda, tried in war,

p |^A*-i)59- joshldan,

to

boil,
;

effervesce

to

experienced in battle, veteran.

Tj^l

<^S-^ jang-dvar

{^\, ^^j^\ i^J>us^ jang-

fume, fret, fly in a rage to hum, buzz, to be all in a bustle, to spirt out to beat, pal;

uvardn), warrior,
p P
(_f;^l

pitate, pulsate, throb.

i,^S^ jang-uvarl,
jang-ju
(pi.

aggression, strife.

h Jby>- jauJiar,

jewel; essence, staple, nature,

element,

^ t^-=r
fJ^s^
(ov5f-

^jbyr (.s/^ i^p

root, origin;

juydn), war-seeing, pugnacious; warrior,

p
i.

/Hj rJ j^i^jeweller,

jatihar-farosh,

seller of jewels,

j<^i^9h warlike, martial,

junun, insanity, madness, frenzy.

spirit.

loV^y?" j(tuharlgdn
jewellers,

(pi.

of

^j&y>- jauharl),

Kv ^Jap^ jinni, demon,

V y>- Jav, barley.

p i^y>- jave, a single barley-corn, a grain of

barley.
*---j

Ju, river, stream.

answer, reply.
p

i^y>-jave slm, a grain of

silver,

L-j\^ j'awdh,

silver dust.
(.

Jug, stream, river; seek thou.

A
A

c^^^sf jawuhe, an answer, a reply.

j\^ jiwdr,
^y^^

neighbourhood.

^y^ javin or ^ ^ javvln, of barley, barleymade,

seeking, )V.y=r y^^y^")

juwdl, sack, bag, sacking.

pJ^J l)^^^ jiJi'Wdl-doz, large packing-needle. p (^\j=r jawun (pi. ^^^^^ jawdnun), youth, joung man.

p ^^,^>^^z>-

i^iy^ (j^ ndnijavln, barley bread, jundan, to seek.

K \\^^ jahdz, ship; paraphernalia of n brido, her trousseau.

Vr
A

37

JC^j::^

J^^ juhhdl (pi.

\

of

^\s>~ j'dhil), ignorant.

o(

p iU>- chdh, well

"

pit

dungeon,

i^'^j

*^

v^[^^ja?idn, world;
p p

{T^art.

^S^^Jahldan)

dancing, quivering, flickering, flashing.

chdhat, thou in the well

chdhi zinddn, dungeon, prison-hole. thy well.

;

(.:u%fcl>-

^ji ^[.^ j'ahun-iijinn, world-creator, God.

ilij
ijj\'=T'

i_^^r- chap, left side, left

hand.
?

jahdn-i)anah, asylum of the world.

p \y>- chird, p

why ?

wherefore ? for what

what ?

p ijj^<^

uW^

jahdn-ddrl,

possession of

the

9\r^

chirdgh, lamp.

world, empire.
p ^^Jj[^^ jahdndan, to leap, dart.

p ic^|r>- chird gh e, a lamp.

p i^\y>~ chard-gdh, grazing-place

meadow,

p is<Si,iJ\.^ jahdn-dlda, one world, great traveller.

p

who

has seen the

mead, pasture,
p j^Jul

(Jl;^ jahdne, a world,

to leap, force to gallop.

a vast multitude.

f>- charkh-anddz,

cross-bowman,
smart, sharp,

p ll^'vmjs^ chust, quick, p i^Ji-Jl^ jahdnidan, to impel, urge, to cause

p A i^j^jihat, mode, reason, cause
;

brisk,

sprightly,

aAj^ chashn
sight,

(pi.

^^J^aJL.^-

chashmdn), eye,

wages, salary.

view

hope, expectation,

^A-{f>- jihate, a salary, wages.

laboui',

p aj

l.s:'*''^^*^^

chashm-Mdtia, socket of the eye.

A A^(^ jahd,
A J-;^
p A
jah.1,

study, endeavour, care,

p JjJ *A:>- chashm-dard, pain in the eye, ophthalmia.

pains, diligence.

ignorance, stupidity.

p <Uul.>- chashna, fountain, spring.

i^^JL>~

^y^ juhud (pi. ^^y^^ juhuddn),

i}y^ j'ahul,
extremely ignorant.
off.

Jew.

^yp^
life,

chashmati haiwdn, the fountain of

or immortality,

j^

c-^JL^^ chashmaii

p ijiXj^^ jahldan, to gallop

hor, fountain of light.

A ---^ jaii, bosom

pocket.

breast of a garment

p j^iXA.=- chashldan, to taste. p

i

JtAi- chashida, tasted

proved, experienced.

i^:..'J<s>- jitta,

thou camest
i_$

(pret. of the rt.

*l^
p p

^xSj>iJk-i^l>-

chakldan, to drop, drip, trickle.

chnklda, dropped, trickled, dribbled,

jdiU, concave

ye),

^j:.::.m>-

jiitam, thou
dripped,

comest (or camest) to me.

A ^J\;i^ jlrdn

(pi.

of JUj- Jdtir), neighbours,

p ^J^y^^>- chigunagl, state, particulars, the

"and wherefore,

why

(JL5- jlrdnl,

my

neighbours.
p

A (ji*-^ jaish, army, military resources.

A ijus>- jifat, carcase, carrion.

^^^

chiguna,

how ? how

in

what way
?

p aj X:>- chigunate,

art thou

p Ji- ehil (for J-|(^ chihal), forty. p <JLj Jj- chil sdla, forty years old,
p {1Sj\s- chdhid, active, smart, expert, alert. p
1

p (Ls"*^ chamcha, spoon. p

lo^^'^*'

jIs- chddar, sheet

veil

reaching from head

chundn, like that, such

as,

such as that,

to foot.

j^ chdr,
<ij\j

four,

in that manner, just the same, in such a manner, so, to such a degree or extent.

p b j\:>- chdr-pd, four-footed, quadruped. p

jU>- chdr-pdya,

(four-footed) bedstead,

p aJolij- ohtmdnki, as that which, such as, just as, exactly as, in the same manner as, acso that. cording as, to such a degree as
;

charpoy.
p

ii\^
chdr-pdte, a quadruped,

iij\:..s>-

chundnhi ddnl, as thou knowest.

ijb

j^

Jc^ji-

chand, so as, such,

;

some

a few, sundry,

p ajl>- chdra, remedy, resource, help,

r (jj^l>- chdldh,
vigilant, alert, smart, active.

several,
oft
?

much how much ? how many ? how

^' tane chand, some persons. L5,

JCO--

38
p

U
.J**

Jc^
J^jsi-

i^j*j

roze chand, a

few days.

ci-vfti

Lj*'^

^^^^

''^'*

Idkwush guft,

how

well

kalimaa chand, a few words,

spake

p j^1iXx>- chanddn,
little^

much,

all that, so

much,

so

Iftjs

j4> ij>~

J ^^j ji^

i^^ chi

dar ru tea chi dor

Jcafd,

what

before one's face, the same behind

<itx5iJCo>-

cTiandun

lei,

as long as, as soon as,

one's back.

whilst, to the extent that, so much that, so much as that ; ere, or ever how much soever,
;

p Jui
p p p p

<IL>-

chi shud,

what has happened

djS
|^.s>-

<L>- chi gunui-e,

how

art

thou

however much, although, notwithstanding.

r ^J1Jc^>- chanddne, a good deal,

Jw(^-s- chihal, forty.

more than

enough, much, very much.

Sus-- chand ro%, some days, a few days. Jj^ p |^_JU5- chandin, some, certain, much, such,

chi (for J-js- chi%), thing, anything.

j^>X.:>-

cMdan,

to pluck, gather, pick, peck,

glean, collect,

such as

this, or these,

so

much

as this, so

p lijfp- chira, rude, uncivil, bold, impudent, pj-js- chi%, thing,

many,
p
cS,^o.js-

all this, all these.

chang,

crook,

claw,

grasp,

clutch

i^'j^
aught,
KJL

chlze,

something, a

little,

any thing,

harp, lute, guitar.

p JUj..^- changul, claw, talon, gripe. p

^--^

chlst,

what

it is

what

is it ?

what

p (j-;^ chunin, thus, like this, such as this or these, all this, so much, thus much, in this way.
p

is? e:^vw*-.5>,^^-2>-

J U"- Ad/ cAls^, what's the matter?

;

Chin, China

(imp. of

y>- chu,
if so

like

when, whilst,

^'^^^

chldan),

since, whereas,

gather, pick, collect, p

p
<!U;.e^

be (a contraction of

^^^

chun).

china, grain

pickings for birds,

(-r>ys>-

chuh or choh, wood, stick, bludgeon.

chuhdn), shepherd.
office,

j..>.-!>-

Chlnl, of China, Chinese.

^^s-- chupdn {or ^^V^^

chupdnl,
business of a shepherd.

p ijb^:*-

pastoral

duty

or

A
p ^^lij^ chaiigdn,

i^lls *jls>-

Hdtim

Tdtl,

name

of an illustrious

bat used in the

U*'y^(to
'

game of horse-shinty; the said game curved at one end.

Arab of the tribe of ^Is

taiy, celebrated

among

ic)^i^ chaugani uhnus, an ebony bat which flowing jetty curls are compared).
chun,

Eastern nations for his liberality.

A ^Is- hdjj, pilgrim to Mecca.

j^^

how

when, whenever, whilst,

A
A

Cl.?lr-U-

hdjdt

(pi.

^W-

hdjat),

wants,

as, like,

such

as, so

much

as,

whereas, since,

necessities, necessary matters.

'ds>-\s^

because, how.
PjiUj^s- chun tu, like thou.

hdjat, want, need, necessity, occasion

urgent, pressing case.

?

ap^jO-j^^t^ cz-^^ls-

p \J^j^ ehunl, p

how
?
?

art thou

how

farest

thou

how do you do
tiws-

hdjat khwdstan, to pray, state one's wants in prayer.

AP4>k:w*::L5^l>-

it ?

chi

why ? how ? what matters or, how how many what t/'^V hude, how would it be ? would to heaven
chi,

what
!

hdjatmand, necessitous, in want,

in need

of.

<'^-=^

j:>5-L>.

hdjate, a private business.

hdjly, a pilgrim to
;

I wish

it

were.

AP^s^L>-

Mecca.

Pj^^
p
l

chahdr, four.

AviJjls*. hddith, occurring

(pi.

occurred, happened.

j\,^ chahdrpdxjdn, four-footed, quadruped,

J>-\(~

chahdr-pd

^\j

(J

jU

huzik, acute, sharp, intelligent, skilful,

clever.

(*;^^ chahdrum,

fourth,
still
?

p ijl>

A iXAs" hdsid (p pi.

(j^ JujU-

hdsiddn), envious.
;

chi pun,

what! dost thou stand

(rt.

A J.^l>- hdsil, gain, acquisition, result

fest.

mani-

why

dost thou hesitate?

,aJIj pundan.)

Ap

iO^ J>"*^

hdsil shudan (or

J-^U-

M2

jU
jj Jj

39

J^ hdsil gardldan),
;

to be

gained or pro-

hdn

2.

'i\

^irdk

3.

J l:5"

hijdz.

Nine

cured

to

happen,

befal, arise, occur.

J-tfW
A

others are enumerated.

^i^Ji hdsil kardan, to get, acquire, earn.

A (_ijLsr^ hijdzly, native

*

of,

belonging to Hijaz.

*^

A
A

-i?l>-

hazir (ppl. (^U-tfl=- hazirdn), present,

<i>^sr*"

hujjat,

argument, argumentation,

warm

ready, prompt, in attendance, waiting.

j^\s>-

discussion; reason.

hakim (p pi. ^U^U- hdkimdn), governor,

hdl, state, condition, circumstance; state
;

j^ hajar,
tial

stone.
;

ruler, magistrate, judge.

i^ hujrat, closet, chamber, cell, cabin

chamber.
hadd, bound,
;

nup-

JW
p
XJlr*.

of feeling; ecstasy, rapture

c:,.v,-j>-

instant,
is

moment.
?

J-

boundary, extent, limit,

* -i Jo- haddi shar^,

JU-

hdl chist, what

the matter

degree

just limits.

hdlat, state, quality, condition, circum;

legal punishment, requirement of the law.

stance

ecstasy, rapture

a p thy

state,

p ^l?^
r

A i_5A2sr; ba
or point.

hadde, to a limit, extent, degree,

j:.-v^U>- chi hdlat ast,

what has happened

what
A A ^[s>~

is

the matter

i^Jva*.

hiddat, passion, sharpness,

vehemence.
Radath,

^JW.

hdlate, a state, a condition.

hale, at the time, at the instant
;
;

one

A CjJo- hudth, novelty, recent event. young man, youth.

state, a state

whilst,

<)i

^U- hdle ki, the

J^U^

A
A

J-X- hadathe, a certain youth.

(_i->.^Jk^

instant that, forthwith that."

hadith,
;

discourse,

history,

story,

legend, tradition

A J^l>- hdmil, carrying

^.1^ il\ hdmila

carrier, bearer.

especially the traditions (Those related by regarding Muhammad.

7 ghawdshl, (as) carrier of the

Abu Huraira amount

sand three hundred.)

to

more than

five thou-

saddle-coverings. <d.^lr>- hdmiluhu, its carrier.

A il^[>- hdmilat, pregnant, teeming (female). A ^tf^^ hdml, defender, protector, guardian. A
IL>- hibhan, in point of affection (ace,

A ijbiX>- hadikat, enclosed garden

Kj'ss>~ hazar, caution,

palm-grove.
care.

warning; guard,

AP Lj^S j^^ hazar kardan,

on one's guard,
A^a*. ?uirr, heat,

to beware, to be

used

to exercise caution.

in an adverbial sense).

warmth.
(pi.

A <U- habbat, grain, seed, berry. A

^j.u^-fc- ?uib8,

A Li-jLs^ hurrdth

of k.l^U. hdrith), farmers,

confinement, imprisonment, hold,

agriculturists, ploughers.

durance

vile.

A d-jLs*. hirdsat, custody, guardianship, care,

A jJ-- habl, rope, cord,

^j^^ J^*"

hnblu

7
A

defence.
f*^js>-

wand, jugular vein (of which one on either side of the neck).

is situated

hardni, unlawful, forbidden,

illicit,

pro-

hibited, disallowed.

A L ^^.;^>^ hiblb, beloved, sweetheart, friend.

A
!::>*-

Ap

iii^\y*\js>-

hardm-zdda, bastard, villain, rogue,

hatta', until, so that.

hajj,

rascal; villainous, rascally.

A ,^r^
A

pilgrimage to Mecca.
(P^-

A
pilgrims to

(tf^)/-

hardmiy (p

pi.

^L^Us^ harumti/dn),

^^4^ ^W"J
Mecca.
t-_i-jjj
.,i

of

T^

^W)i

robber, outlaw, assassin, brigand, bandit.

A ^Jwy>- harrasa, he protected (2nd form of the

^7^=*"

^W'V

^'^ Yustif,

name

of

rt.

(>*/*)

^^ W*^^
!

harrasahd

'lldh,

may

a Governor of Arabian Irak under the Caliph

God defend her

(the pret. used optatively.)

Abduhnalik, a.h. 65.

A 9/>- harf, letter, word, vocable, particle.

territorj',

Ajl^

hijd%,

Mecca, and the adjacent

;

A p -^(_ip- harf-glr, captious; censurcr, critic,

caviller.

Arabia Petraea

one of the principal modes or

;

styles in Persian music, viz.

1.

^V^^]

isfa-

A ^js>~

harfe, a single letter.

^J^
A i^j>- harahat, motion,
act, action,

40
A
A

l^
hasud (p
pi.

movement;

^J'mjs>- hasanl, beauty, comeliness.

JjA**5>(j^(J).v>=-

conduct, behaviour; improper act, unbecoming action.

hasudun), en-

vious; envier, maligncr.

A ^^^js^ harakate (usually

A *y>~ hararn, sacred
;

harlate), an action.

*-u.2>-

hasham, pomp, retinue, suite, train;

the sacred enclosure at

magnificence.

Mecca; female apartments, harem.

A io^/*- harmdn, repulse, disappointment. A i^jS" harmat, honour,
veneration.
respect, reverence,

AjLa*tress;

hisur, fortified town, castle, fort, forsiege.

^J\^3s>. hisdre,

fort,

a fortress.
beach.

A "^L^:*-

hasbds-, gravel, pebbles, shingle,

^j^j^

hurur, heat, warmth.

(pi.

A iUi*Jiarf),

hissat, lot, share, portion.

A IJf2>- huruf
characters.

of

uJ^

letters,

A A

J^5>-

husul, acquisition, gain.

t<^ii- hasa^ (or

'iyds>- hazrat,

La^-

hasa^), gravel, pebbles.

;

^ jlj>- Tiarir, silk.

{j>i^j=>-

harlSf greedy, eager, wistful.

presence, court, majesty

his (or

A (flJ

,^

harlf (p pi.

^^j~
;

hartfdn), com-

your) Grace, Eeverence, Lordship, Worship.

panion, fellow, associate; impudent, loose, or audacious fellow rival.

A mjJJ*- hazln, sad, mournful, plaintive.

jy^ss>-

huzur, presence, court.

brittle
;

A aHj^. hufdm, anything dry,

_small, paltry or

anything

minute

rubbish, trash.

A (j*k>-

hiss, feeling, sensation.

A
A

li- hazz, delight, pleasure,

enjoyment, gra-

tification; flavour, taste; part, portion, stock.

A c_jLu^- Awa J, account, reckoning, calculation.

a;iA-

Hafsat,

i_^.>*u>- hash,

computing, reckoning.
;

iU*u-

hasbuhu, his sufficiency

sufficient for

him.

of the wives of

name of Omar's daughter, one Muhammad, and frequently

Ax3\t e-^A^- hasbi wdki^a, according to cir-

styled j^j^^t Ai umniu

muttninin.

cumstances

suitably to the case,

;

p u-^au*-

.j

A
A

lift^ hifz, custody

(Jj>-

memory.
God)
;

bar hasbi, according to

in confoimity with.

hahk, just, true (an attribute of

Juur>- hasad,

envy. Pjj*^ Juus*. hasad burdan,

God;

right, truth, justice; just right, due,

'\*. LlXi't.^1

to envy, to bear malice.

or claim.

^j-~

hakka cibddatika,

A jLwjv- hasrat, grief, regret, vexation, p lI^mo-

the due of

Thy

worship, or as

Thou deservest
hakka

(Mt^*^ hasrat ]dmurdan,

to sigh for.

to be worshipped.

CS^y*^ (J^
to be

ma^

A ijy*uA
(^;*>*5^

hasrate, a vexation.

rafatika, the right of the knowledge of Thee,

i.e.

as

Thou oughtest

known.

hasuna
fair,

(fern. L::^i*ur>- hastmat),

he (or

A Hi.- hakkan, really, truly, verily, in sooth.

A
'ij\ls>~

it)

was

beauteous, good.
hakdrat, contempt.
(js>~

-j;au-

husn,

beauty

goodness, excellence.

-oJj ^jms>- husni

pline.

tadblr,

wholesome

A p (jjuLii
disci-

hakk-shinds, grateful.

<__jlla^ M*****- husni Tdiitdb, elegance

i_J\j ij^^*=^

A p ^~ju-i fjs>- hakk-shtndsi, gratitude.

Ap

^jwu-ii>

of address, polite conversation,

(J^>(pi.

hakk nd shinds, ungrateful.

of
^Jfrv-

husni rdi, just observation.

zann, good opinion.
cellent.

,\J^ ij-****-

husni

A Jjyi^ hukuk

hakk), rights, duties,

dues, just claims.

Hasan, beautiful, ex-

A
(pi. of
i>:>ja

-JL>. halcir, base, contemptible,

mean, despi-

A CLjUwui^. hasandt A ^,^:A'^

(J*'**-

j*-),

good works.
A

cable

a wretch.
hakrkat, truly, reality, fact.
(pi. c:^bl^.s^

Hasan Maimandi, Khwajah

^ULiiii-

Ahmad

bin Hasan, called Maimandi, from the town of Maimand, where he was born, wasthcWazir of Sultan Mahmud, of Ghizneh.

A Lljl>. hikdyat
tale,

hikdydt), story,

fable,

narrative,

narration, anecdote,

relation.

J^
A
,js^-

41

/mkm, order,

command
of

rule,

dominion;

,J-ja-

haml, load, burden

pregnancy, p J^'*>^

check, restraint; decision, judgment.

^^S haml kardan,

sages,

to impute, ascribe, charge.

A 'UX=- huhamui

(pi.

*-il=>;

hahim),

A aLl^*- hamlat,
A
,

assault, attack, charge.

/jUc-

wise men, philosophers

physicians.

^sL^*^

hamcC (for
\JJ3
t^'wr^vi

hamdiim), doves.

AP
A

;^Jul

x^-

//iiiffj-ffnfffls,
;

obedient to orders

hitting the
<uil=-

mark

hama' , the brown (or the

skilful archer.

dusky) of the pigeons.

hikmat, philosophy, wisdom, wise
d.j>-

saw

or saying, axiom; wit, cleverness, r

c:.,^-^A*'l*X^*-

^j^ji^

wit of this

dar In chi Jiihnatast, what's the in this what wisdom is there ?

IIima\ pasture-land reserved exclusively for the horses of the ruler; inaccessible, forbidden, interdicted; a place from which the public is debarred and excluded any secluded spot.

which

is

A L^Sjs- hukumat, sentenceof a judge, decision,

decree.

^^^A-=-

hamlyat, warmth, zeal, nice sense of

;

honour
A
Jl<.^-

impetuosity.
ij>^As>- kamidat), praised,

A *-.x.=^ hakim (p pi.

i^U-Xs- hakimdn),
man.

hamld (fem.
;

sage,

lauded

laudable, praiseworthy.

philosopher; physician.

A
A
A

k ~y^s>- hamlr (pi. of jLo-A2ur), asses.

^S.s^ hakvne,

a certain wise

A
Jil:>- haldl, lawful, legitimate, allowable.
i(jjL>-

.^1=.. hanjarat,

windpipe, larynx,

A JliXft- hanzal, colocynth, bitter gourd.

haldwat, sweetness.

-iil>.

hawdshl

(pi.

of ^uJil^

hdshiyat),

A I^ia>- Halah, Aleppo, a town of Syria. p

followers, attendants, domestics.

iJ^

halabi, of Aleppo, Aleppine.

(Some

ago Aleppo was the chief depot for mirrors and glass wares from the manufactories of Venice destined for the East.)
five or six centuries

A ^^=w hawdlat, a recommending, or entrusting to the care of another transference.

;

A Cl^- hut, large

A j^>- hur (pi. of

fish,

whale.
fair,

(_!- halk, throat.

^\j^ hawrd^),

white-

complexioned;
A <uL>. halkat, ring, ear-ring, circle; assembly.

celestial brides, houries; (used

in the singular) celestial bride, hourie.

A p 1/-^' <uL:^ halka ha gosh, (ring in the ear, as badge of servitude), obedient.

p i^jy>-

hurdn

(p pi. of

.^

hur), celestial

brides, virgins of paradise, houries.

iJii>=- halke,

a throat, a windpipe

hence, a

^^%^
^a^

hauz, reservoir, tank, cistern

pond.

musical and melodious voice.

A dii^ haulahu, round about him.

A
haiy, tribe (of Arabians).
life,

A As>. hilm, mildness, meekness, clemency, gentleness.

*iyL=>-

halwut, a sweet cake or pudding

;

made

A iL:>- haydt,
is life.

a p

i,^:.^a*JL5>-

haydtast,

of butter, flour, and milk A

<t-i;>-

sweetmeats.
'^

hill/at,

splendour, external appearance.

t*-!:?- ha-

Jjn

hairan, perplexed, harassed, bewil-

dered, confounded, at one's wit's cud.

(:r>-=>-

halim, mild, gentle, meek,

llman (ace. used adverbially), meekly, mildly.

a.j\as>^

A ^^->- haif, oppression, violence, injustice a pity, a sad thing.

A J-J^ hiyal (pi. of
<il-r>- hllat),

himur, male

a.ss,

jackass

stupid fellow.

tricks, devices,

A jU>s- hammul, carrier of burdens, porter,

bearer
;

stratagems, (vulgarly) dodges.

A
<ij-*^>-

laden, loaded, charged.

hllat, artifice,

stratagem, device, trick.

(J-i>-

A A

aUo- hammdm,
tV.^-*"^*"

bath;

warm

bath.

AP ^J-J^
A

hiyalhd (ppl. of

hiyal), tricks,

himdyat, protection, defence, safeguard.

(pi.

stratagems, arts, devices.

(j-.5^ hln, interval,

A JoUo- hamuiid

of

ijk--4v=>- /iflwii^a^),

laud-

period of time.
Ci;l)l^-j>-

able acts, praiseworthy deeds.

^y:^

Aawd?j(pl.

haiwdndt) ani-

jk/j>-

hamd, praise praise be to God

^d!

<\a^\

al

hamdu IVlluh,

mal, brute, beast.

A iy;^ haydt,

life.

;U.

42

l^
khdm
(pi.

p j*ld-

^l^'ci- Mduiun), raw, crude;

inexperienced.

I'lrs'

khatim, seal

ring, finger ring,

seal,

^y*\:>' Mdmosk,
hush!

silent,

taciturn

silence

A ii^Ui- khatimat, end, conclusion;

p

^^l>. Mdmoshi,
Mdnddn, household, home
;

silence, taciturnity.

(j^y^

IJiatiin, lady,

matron, dame.

p ^^jkJ'l>-

family, race, line; house,

court, king's household.

j\s>~ khCir, thorn.

Ci^jis- Marat, thy thorn.

^j
p

\:i-j& har

Mare, every thorn, each thorn,

stone, rock.
(pi. j^Lj,1:>-

p i\Aj[>-

Munkdh, monastery, convent, religious

p \.Ui.

Mara, hard

house for darweshes.

(jr^^ Mar-bun
Xs>-

Mdr-hundn),

Pjjt*

root of thorn or bramble.

V ^Ji^ p
p

Mdr-lcash, carrier of thorn-fagots,

Mar-A-ffw, one

riches, J e;^ Mw M man, house, family; and especially hereditary possessions, moveable and real.

(jV^
,::-.^lii-

who

roots

up thorns,
;

p 4)l>-

Mdna, house,
<)j

abode,

home

nest.

Mdstan,

to rise, to get up, arise

to

Vi^j 1 Jj

l>- Mdna-pardd%1,diomes.i\c economy.

,

occur, happen.

p liX>. tU Ls^ khuna-kJmdd

master of the house,

t'ww.-lri-

Mdsta, grown up, sprung up,

(p pi. j^iUjUs-

major-domo.
risen.

^Ui. Mass
choice
*)

p (^lyjl>-

Mdnmdn,

house, family.

Mdssdn),

special,

particular, private, peculiar; intimate, select,

;

A (_?^ khdwi, empty, void.

M;^J^

s^J^

special favourite

confiscated,

con-

Mdwi 7 hatn,
p
<L)lri-

empty-bellied,

fiscate, forfeit.

Maya,

testicles.

A p

ilrfiVri.

Mdssa, especially, particularly.

Mdssiyat, peculiarity, property, spe-

p j^Ju5l>-

Mdndan,

to bite,

gnaw, chew.

<U..tflri-

A A A

<ijLri-

Maldthat, wickedness, malignity, ma-

ciality.

lice,

malevolence.

&.Jc\s^ Mdtir, heart, mind, thought, idea; will,

choice
;

fc-i-^-rs-

Muhth, malignity, malice, malevoimpurity, obscenity.

intelligence,

spirits, feeling

account, sake,
soil,

lence
-kCs-

r (jJUi-

Mdk,
;

dirt,

clay, earth,

ground,
(jJl>-

Mahar, information,

know-

land, dust

hence, lowly, mean,

jJ

Tdidki dar, earth of a

door (or visitation),

where one's wishes are obtained.

idj^ khaki murda, ashes of the dead.
p Jjll r
\)

ledge, acquaintance, report, rumour, news, account, description, sacred story, tradition; prophecy, prediction.

cJUiA

ij^

Mulrat, experience,

trial, proof.

A i^^^<- Mahlth, impure, malicious.

(jjl:>-

khuk-dlud, begrimed with

dirt.

A
C>1=>- khuk pa, dust of the feet.

<iii>;j--

Mallthat

(pi.

ci^li;*^ khahlthdt),
tJ^..

jU CJl>. Muk-zdd, s^vyxng from

born, earthy.

impure thing (fem. of

earth, earth-

^
to

Mallthat).

^-.2-j-.rs-

Mahithm{6h\.

pi. oi i>^^*'^

Mahlth),

impure.
PjUo-^ls- Muksdr, mixed with earth, earthlike;

humble;

A >:x>abject, base, grovelling; sor-

Matm,

seal

completion, conclusion, end.

did wretch.
t?jxj^^[- Mdkistar, ashes.

APjjJul
scaled,

j*::^

Matm shudan,

be stamped or
perusal of

a ^Tj *:;^

Matmi hir'dn,

p iS\s>~ khdkam, I p

am

earth.
;

the Kur'an from the beginning to the end.

;

i/^
art.

Mdkt, earthy

humble, abased

thou

A ^'^i:^- Matme, a complete perusal of the

Kur'an from beginning
p
:>::<-

art earth.

|<^^ j^

Mdkt, from earth thou

to end.

Mutanl, Chinese, of Chinese Tartary.

Mijdlat,

jJ^

khdll,

empty, void, free from; desti-

a i-ll^

shame,

blush,

bashfulness,

tute, deserted.

confusion.

u**^
p
<fci*ujS"

43

}j^

Mujasta, happy, auspicious.

blushing, ashamed.

p ^..V^^

khardshidan, to scratch, scrape,

^y^ Miajil,

AP^,Op

J^
p
p

graze, lacerate,

wound,

grate, irritate.

Majil kardan, to shame, to put to the blush,

A ttL^
JihajJat,

j^U\p- khardmdn,
waving, jaunty.

strutting,

swaggering,

bashfulncss, blush, shame, funk,

confusion.
p \*X>- lihudd, God. p L::^-wKy liXrU Jdiudd-parast,

j^Ju^^^ Mardmidan,

to

walk proudly,

jauntily, gracefully, to strut,

wave

to

and

fro.

God

worshipper,

p ^X=>- liharhuza, melon, cucumber.

devout.

Vj\\ ijy>~ kharhuzazdr, cucumber bed, melon(pi. of

A *Ms-^ kkudddm

*j\s>-

Mudim), doA
fJiudd-

ground.

mestics, servants.

-yd-

p Jjjljei-

khuddwand

{y>^.

^^X)j\j^
khuddwandi

kh^arj,

expenditure, expense, outgoing.

kharch,

expense,

outgoings.

-^j^

tvanddti), lord, master, seignior,

sessor.
.JLJis^ Jkj.ljcii.e.

owner, poskakikl,

i^Jj^' kharch namiidan, to spend, expend.

p

Jp-

khurd,

little,

small.

Khirad, wisdom,

the real master,

God.
(pi. Juj^Jvri-

good sense, sound judgment.

p

p iS\\

Ju.\ji:>-

TUmdd wand-zd da

Jc^Jp- khiradmand
manddn), wise,
i

(pi.

^^^X^^J^^ khiradcrumb.

^b jU khiddtcand-tddagdn), nobleman's son.

p^Ui>ij^A=i. klmddwandacidr.
world. p ^Ajjl Ji^ khuddwandi., lordship, sovereign tj'',
divinity, providence
ness, Lordship, etc.
;

intelligent, judicious.
particle, scrap,

Creator of the

Jp- khurda, fragment,

of
life.

p _ft3p^ khurdi, infancy, childhood, first part

e:--.Ji.i^

Murdiyat, thy childhood.

is

your Majesty, High-

e:^-^^
an
ass.

kharast (for c:^-j1^^ Jchar ast),

P i^^*i>^ khuddi, God.

p V.^Jc>- kkuddyd,

p ijS^y>- Tcharsak, leap-frog, or blind-man's!

God

buff (a child's game).

p Lijjk^ kJiuddird, to God, for God.

V (^Ijci- khuddt-i, divinity, deity, godship.

A (*j-/^ khartum, proboscis

bowsprit.

A tJr^ l^arif, doting old man, dotard.

p i^jd>. khtrka, religious mendicant's garment

A <LSs- khidniat, service, ministry, tendance, attendance homage.

;

made
p

of shreds or patches, garb, habit.

Aij>-

A p (Uc^Jo- khidmatgdr, servant, waiting or serving man, personal attendant.

(py

khirka-posh

(pi.

^j^*\ ^jS>^

A ^z^S:>. khidmate,

a particular or special ser-

khirka-poshdn), clad in shreds and patches dervish, religious mendicant.

vice; the particular service.

p^ri- kJiar, ass,

p ilij>- khargdh, royal tent; court, palace.

donkey. Jl:>- J^ri-

Mari dajjdl,

p Aji- kJmrram, pleasant, delightful. p ^jS>- khurmd, date (a fruit).

p i.^ r>khirnian,

the ass of Antichrist.

A t-_j|^ khardh, destroyed, ruined.

A cl^L'lyi- khardlut
ruins, devastations
;

harvest, corn

reaped and

(pi.

of ij|3- khardhat), p

stacked, but not yet threshed out.

tavern.

ij^y>~ khnr-muhra,
some countries

a small shell used in

A ^}js^ khardbat, devastation, ruin.

as coin.

(LAj:>.

khm-dha, ruin, a ruin.

kJtardhi, ruin.

V ^g^jd>^]Jmrraml, delight, joy, glee, happiness, p J*Jj>-

A ^}y>-

kharand, they purchase

;

(rt. (j^-V.y>-

A j^]^p>- kJiaruJ, tribute, tax, revenue, rent.

kharidan)

are asses (for jj^^p- khar and).

^L)L=U khurdsdn,

the province of Persia bor-

V j\jjS- kharwdr, ass-load. A -';y>- kh^truj, egress,

dering on Herat, Khorassan.

p jjlji^ Murdsdnl, of Khorassan.

going forth, exodus.

_i!J^ JJf

j5r^^

cf

khuruj kabia

'

tculuj,

; ;

3J^
fore yuii leap).

44

Ik^

(provide for) egress before entering, (look be-

tl^:
L^A~p

khushk-rude, a dried-up stream.

khushh-sdl, dry
year,

barren

F tjjjtyi- Murus, cock, chanticleer.

p
,

year, year of drought

and dearth.

Jj.y5-

Murosh, loud noise or cry, clamour,

JL: CS-^s>^ Mushk-sdll, scarcity, dearth.

tl>jl-- khushk-maghz, dry-brain, noodle.
;

shouting.
resonant.

^*j-

iJ

dar khuroshyloud, vocal,

p\x^
p

AjLs- khushkl, dryness, dry land

^jlL=>-

drought.

p j^j-^j^ Mmroshldan, to

make

a loud noise,
p

khishm or khashm, anger, wrath, rage,

^jiXi Ji*6^ jJ dar
(-i*^

or outcry, to shout, clamour, cry aloud.

t/j^

khare,

an

fume, fury, pet, passion.

ass.

Pj^Aj

j>~

hhanddr, purchaser.

khishm shudan (or

^^$

Idkishn gi-

riftan), to fly in a rage, to take fire.

p |^jjj>- khandan, to purchase, buy. p

p ijJl

As-

khishm-dluda, overflowing with

^jd^r^

Tdiande,

he used

to

purchase, he

rage, sullied

with anger.
furious.

would buy.
p c3li^*-u<t:i-

Mishnndk, angry, raging,

;

A u-ajj^ khnrlf, autumn. A Jri- khazz,

silk,

raw

silk.

(in the asA ^^y^^ Miasliuna, he was rough sertion of a general proposition, the preterite
is

p ^jU>- khazun or khizdn, autumn.

often

employed

for the aorist),

he

is

rough.

tij^jri-

Jditzutiat,

treasury, exchequer;

store.

t^yJL^
i!j

khiishnud, pleased, contented.

j

t..^,--c

<!jU:i-

kkizdna>i ghnib, hidden stores.

JLs>- Tdmshunat, roughness, ruggedness

^U>I

kha%d'^in (pi. of <ijU>- Jihizdnat), trea-

asperity, severity.

suries, treasures.

JUa^
ties,

khisdl (pi. of <iiLi&. "khaslat), quali-

A A

jjri.

Jihazaf,

potsherd, bit of crockery.

properties.

tdLs^

khtsdlthi, (of) his

^J>-

Maz7^,treasure; treasury, exchequer,

endowments.
A
cOu^ais-

storehouse.

khaslat, quality, disposition, habit.

p ^y^- khas, thistle

weed.

A ^.A-^ khasm, enemy, antagonist, opponent.

A i
p

il***ri-

Masdrat,

loss,

damage.
lie,

A ^4-^i>. khasml, enmity,

slumber

contention.
^jOy.jis^\

^_V.-wturs.-

khuspidan, to

sleep,

A i^*>a!>- khnsus,
^ala

particular.

^JL^

to lodge.

klijisus,

in particular,

particularly,

A <Uu^ khissat, vileness, baseness

avarice.

tenacity,

especially.

A Lty^is- khusumat, enmity,

disputation.

strife,

quarrel,

p iS^Aui^ khasta, wounded, hurt, infirm, sick

sad, dispirited.
<fci-u*cs.

^J^-^*^ dilhdyi khasta,

A i_-.-~a>- khastb, palm-tree.

_of a

Khusaih, name
character, hand-

broken hearts.
pA
Jslci. iz.MS>~

i)>2uw*>-

khastaie, thou art sad.

man.
Matt,
line,
;

A
khasta-khdtir
(

or p ^J^^ Aiumc^-

L^

boundary

khasta-dil), pained at heart, annoyed, vexed.

writing, letter

moustache, beard.

\^

ad-^

^j*,.^M*s>~

khasis, sordid, vile, low, base, worth-

khatti sahz, down upon the face upon a peach), incipient beard.

(like that

less,

grovelling.

lk:>- khata',

fault,

error, sin,
is

offence, mislk=s-

A
p

L_^ui*:>- khashah,
\.::^Jmj>-

dry wood, timber.

take. PCU-~:lk=i- /^^as^,

a mistake.

khisht, brick, tile.

yhishti invoza, turquoise-coloured bricks.

lo^S^
fail,

Mf/M
miss.

kardan, to commit a fault, to sin,

p
p

^J

(jUvu^d- kkisht-zan, brickmaker.

X^^ s^^^^^

khatdyi munkar,

atrocious sin.
tile.

jiA~- kkinhte, a brick, a

^^^

k_->lli=^ khtidb, address,

harangue

sermon,
re-

khishte du, a couple of bricks,

homily; discussion; charge, accusation;

proof, chiding, displeasure.

r CSJ^:>~ kjnishk, dry, sere; arid, barren.

IL.

45

p wf^iari^ khatui, Scythia

beyond Mount Imaus; any particular

A (Jjhi- khaluiik (pi. of tU-L^- khallkat), peoples, creatures, nations.

Cathay.

,^lli>- hhatus-e, a sin, a fault

jX=i~ khallada (3 per. sin.

pret.

2nd form of
pro-

offence

a single slip or failure.

..-i2^^^!5), preachers.
oration

A'Ll2:>-M^rtid(pl.of.

rt. J^Li- used optatively), long or perpetuate.

the

may (God)

A <uk=i-

Miitbat, an

delivered every

A
A

iJo.>.

khihat, robe of honour.

Friday, after the forenoon service, in the

j4^
folk,

Muhammadan mosques, in which they praise God, bless Muhammad and his descendants, and pray for the sovereign. This was generally pronounced formerly by the
principal

Malk, creatures, created things, people, men, mankind. Khulk or khuluk,

khalk-uzdr, man-tormentor.

nature, habit, disposition.

Pjljl

(Jp^

reigning Caliph, or the heir-apparent.

A j^lai>- khulkdn (pi. of 4_yi>- khtdk), tattered

(i.W.<

Jchitfai,

country, district, region, city.

peril,
risk,

threadbare garments.

A,Jas>-

Matar, danger,

jeopardy,

iJii-=*-

k/iaike,

a mote of people, a host of

;

hazard.

folk,

a crowd

any created being

hence,

Kv Cj\jS2s>- hhatarnah, dangerous, hazardous,

perilous.

a form, figure.

A jl>- khalal,
Matlb,
preacher,

fault, flaw, defect, leak, injury,

;

damage, detriment, harm

public speaker,

disturbance.

A t_.^Ja:sorator.

A
great,

Ari- khalwat, retirement, privacy, seclusion.

AjJn<~ Matlr,
p

important,

grave; ha-

^^j^MjJ

LLJyj>- khalwat-nisMn, sitting in retireic^rr^'-

zardous, perilous, critical.

<JLs>-li=i.

ment, recluse.
sJilnl,

'^^>- khalwat-niof the

Mafdcha, name of a certain banditti

thou art a recluse.

title

of plundering Arabs.

A "i^^i^ khahfat, vicegerent, the

;

<Uri- Miiffat, lightness

4_f1j
(..ii-v&rs-

frivolity,

weakness.
l::^A=L

successors of

Muhammad,
;

first

assumed bv,

or given to, Abubakr. p *ri-

Miiffati rai

(or

,JJic

Mam,

curl

coil,

noose.

Uiiffati \ald,

weakness of

intellect.

AjL*.

kJiumdr,

efi'ects

of intoxication, crop-

p p p

c:^A^
^j3.As>d::ju>-

Miuft, sleeping, nap.

sickness or head-ache after drinking.

khuftan, to sleep, to lie

khufta, slept,
;

down.
asleep, lying

A -ci- khamr, fermenting

wine or any

fer-

sleeping,

mented drink.
p JiJ^
*r>-

down
A

sleeper.

kJiam-kamand, noose.

A-iri. Miufijat,

concealment, secresy.

pajJ

p ij!^y4ji- kJiamosh, silent.

A.j^y^^ khamlr, dough, leaven.
kham'ir kardan, to kuead.
p

<Ui^ dar

yhiifya, in secret, privately.

a <uA=i- yhapyat (fern, of

yJ'^

l-hafly), secret,

hidden, latent.
p i^\s>- ]{hUdh, clay, dirt,

^,y.j>- khanddn, laughing, smiling, giggling.

JjA:ri-

mud, mire,

filth.

khandak (or JjAici- khanzak), ditch,

A ,^^l>- Ichalds, liberation, release, escape, deliverance.

trench, moat, fosse (a

word derived from

SiXS kanda, dug, digged, excavated).

difference
;

iis>~

khilflf,

opposition, contra;

p iSu6>- khanda, laughter, laughing.

diction, dispute, disputation

opposing, con-

^Jj JOiigiggle.

khaiidldan, to laugh, titter, smile,

trary.

A P

^^^

J^^

khilof kardan, to op-

pose, contradict, violate, break.

p CS^:>- khunuk, happy, fortunate

perate.

cool,

tem-

tij^Li- khilCifat,

vicegerency,caliphat; imperial

dignity, monarchy.

V y>- khu, nature, habit, disposition.

Malll), intimate
Jkj

tiV*-

^^^

Mullun

(pi. of J-iri-

khuyihad, bad temper. ^^^Jc^Jp-

Sr^

friends.

khuyi Jdiiradinanddn, disposition of thu wise.

,^
p
t_->ijri-

4G

ur?"

khwuh, sleep, slumber, dream.

r i-Jy>-

Muh

(pi.

^V^^

khuldyi), good, beau-

p iUj':>> Jdiwdh-guh, place of sleep, dormitory.

p i>:>-\y>^

tiful, fair, well.

khwdja

V
(pi. |^Uc>-l:>.
;

tjiyi>~

khwujagdn),

khub-ru (or ^*j t_ju^ but pronounced

fair-faced,

mau

of distinction, lord, master

gentleman;
p

Mub-ru),

handsome, comely.
thou art fair-faced.

good-man; Mister; teacher; merchant; owner;

eunuch.

^jj

i-r'y^- Ichub-run,

Jlc i^\y>- Mtwajati ^dlam, lord

Khub-ruie, a handsome-faced person.

p Ll^jya i-r^yi^ Mub-surat, comely, handsome.

of the world p /tilj'

<^:9-^r!-

(Muhammad),
lihwdja-tdsh (pi. ^l^lj'

&^\:>-

p^lai^

'^y^

]ih}>-bman%ar,

fair

to

behold,

Micdja-tdshdn), schoolfellow, playmate, comrade.

comely in appeax'ance.
p

15^*^ Mubi, beauty,

self,

comelines.s.
herself,
itself;

j\^

Tthwdr,

contemptible, mean, despised,

p Jyi- khwud,
one's own.

himself,

abject.

^^:J:i\i^

J\jS- Mtvdr ddshtan,

(in

to

hold

in contempt, to despise,

comp.) Eating,

PA ^\j

J^

IJnoud-rdi,

self-

opiniated, head-

j^^
Ajl^ri.

(from ^^jy>- Uiwurdan, to eat), as f*^-* mardum-ldiivdr, man-eater, cannibal.

strong, opinionative, conceited.

p k_?J*^ Ichwudi, one's own; pride, vanity, conceit

;

khuwdr,

lowing,

bleating

(of

oxen,
p

egotism, selfishness.
Tihicurdan, to eat
;

sheep, etc.).

.,iJtfc>.-

to

drink
;

to swal;

p j,jj\^ khwdrazm, the ancient Chorasmia, lying along the banks of the river Oxus or
Jaihun, and extending to the Caspian sea.
p *Ll /; )'*^ Mtvdrazm-shdh, title of the Sul-

low, devour, consume, corrode to gnaw to experience, enjoy, suffer; to fret; eating.

ii^j^ hhwurda,

eaten,

i^w^

ifj.ri.

Ichwur-

dati ambun, crumbs in a wallet,

p ^^JJy>~ khumrdl, infancy, childhood. ^^u^wrtfe,

tan Xks'*
of our era.
p

.,jj\\ '^ii

aldiU 'd din

Muhammad,
to

who reigned

in

Kharazm from 1200

1220
p

(he)

was accustomed

to eat.

^jL^i^j^ Mwurdiyash,

his

minority,

his

Liij^^ri- kkwdst,

solicitation, begging.

^^y^\^ Idiwdstan,
ask, beg, crave,

to

want, desire, wish, will,

;

demand, require
;

to design,
;

p tj^jy>^ Mwurish, food. thy food, thy nourishment. p

Ji--ijjrs.

l-hwtirt'shat.

intend

to seek, covet

to be willing

to call

k/nvurshed, the sun.

down
K^js\j=>~

to

wed, espouse.

p (j%>- kkwurrain, joyful, pleasant.

khawdss {yl.of l^iri^Jdidssat), nobles,

p SiX)jy>- kJiwuranda, eater; fed, maintained,

victualled
;

grandees.

^^^

u^^y^

IJiawdss u

^wdmm,
p

household,
to

nobles and plebeians, gentle and simple.

p

j.'i^^*-

khwush (but made

rhyme with ^JUA

jo'*^ khwdn, furnished

to

table, tray, dish.

kash),

pleasant, agreeable, delightful, nice,

palatable, grateful, happy, good, well.

p j^Juli- Jchwdndan,
;

read, recite, repeat,

p

chaunt, intone to call upon, invoke to summon, challenge, proclaim; to lay claim; to crow.
;

j^JwJI-1^^ khoshdnldan,

to cause to

dry up.

p j\^\

ir'f^- khwush-dwdz, pleasant- voiced, sweet-voiced, having a melodious voice.

kJiwush-dwdze, one with a sweet

p iJJic>- khwdndas-e, thou hast read.

cJjV lA>^
voice

p i^^>- khwdh, wishing, desiring; wanting, re-

quiring; whether, either,

or.

^yyti^

khwushbu, sweetly-scented,

fra-

p -&'^^ khwdhar, sister. p iXJt>\yi^ kJiwdhanda he

,

grant, odoriferous.

who

asks or wishes

vj:J^^:>~ khwushtar, pleasanter,

more agreeable.
manners,

beggar, mendicant, suppliant.

P^J^l^ri- ]ihtinhl, thou wishept
;

p i-^^:>. khwush-khu,

of pleasing

dost thou wisli?

good-tempered.

; :

/-^
p
.^s*^

47
^

Lj^y^ Mwicsh-suMan, well-spoken. iT-y^

M_wush-tab'^, good natured.

-ujK^ khiynnate, an act of disloyalty, a

case of treason, an instance of treachery.

p _jl;

p ^:l*j^

lPj^

Mivush ginstan,

to

weep abun-

^ r-p^ Midir, well

;

dantly, or ad libitum. p

c^i^ L>^t^
pleased.

good, virtuous, fair, happy, honourable goodness, kindness, kind attention any desirable moral excellence goods,
; ;

khwiisJt guft,

he well spake.
riches,
it is

good things. apc^..wj^

;

-H=*-

khair

ast,

p J^:wi)y=^ JJncnishiud, content, satisfied, wellp

well

is it

well

ij^

Idara, malignant, malevolent

stupid, grovelling; angry,

indolent,

p iJ^y>~ kJiusha, ear of corn. p ^^JltyiJchwushl,

toi-pid;

moody.

gladness,

mirth,

gaiety,

p y_^j

ij^

Unra-rdi, of dark or

mean under-

cheerfulness, pleasantness, agreeableness, delight, enjoyment, diversion, fun.

standing, grovelling.

Pjj
p

ij^
J

Mira-ru, shameless, impudent.

;

p ^iXJ^y>~ MwsMdan, to wither, dry, parch. p A

i)X>JL^:>~ kJioshlda,

a->-< yftra-sar, headstrong

eilly, stupid,

withered, faded.
p

^^
^f^

blundering.

Mauz, wading, fording; plunging into,

;

^^j^

Miezdn, rising.
falling

^\\^%
and now

yj^^ uftdn
rising,
i.e.

entering precipitately

resolving, purposing,

deliberating, consulting, taking counsel.

u kJiezdu, now with difficulty.

p Sii^ yi- Mu-karda, habituated,

p
Idiun, blood
;

p i^ju j-j>- khezldan, to rise, spring.

killing,

murder.

p p

V j\ykr^ khun-khicur, blood-devouring, san-

J-^

khail, troop,

body of men

tribe.

jJjliL^

khailtdsh, fellow-soldier,
;

comrade

guinary, blood-thirsty.

commander, general
p <UUi~
(J^>~>-

name

of an athlete.

p p

j\yi^yii~ khun-Mwdragl, ferocity.

kkail-kJidna, illustrious family.

i^y^ khuy (the same

per, disposition.

as }:>- khu), habit, tem-

AtUj>- khatmat, tent, tabernacle, ap ^J)j <U-si-

khaima zadan,

to pitch a tent.

A^^^

kJiawld, green corn,

wheat or barley

not yet in ear.

p ^jM.>y>~ khwesh, self; one's
his, her=<, its, ours,

own; (my,

thy,

your, their)

own

kins-

man,
p

jb

ddd, he gave

gift

justice, measure, re-

relative, relation.

Jj^lij^^ kJiweshdwand, kinsman.

^::ulLjj:>-

dress; cry for redress or justice.

tuwu7i ddd, one can give.

Jb

Jy
;

Mwesh-tan,

own

person, self; own.

^jb dddan, to give, surrender, resign, yield

to give leave, allow, suffer, permit.

Pj^J

jji-ijy>- khweshtan-ddr, temperate, ab-

stemious.

p ^_,-jb ddde, justice,

are.

judgment (emphatically)
t:;-!^ ddshtan).

-j^ khweshtaned, of your own ye

A (LoL khigdr, cucumber.

he used

to give.

V j\d ddr, keep (imp. of

p

A Jl^^i- Mayul, imagination, fancy, thought,

notion, idea, conceit,

..b ddru, medicine,

di'ug, physic,

remedy.

whim,

caprice; phanv^^jij^j

J^ tJ*)^'^ (?arMy talkh, bitter

medicine,

tom, ghost, spectre, apparition,

JW^

-i' .

lb ddr u gir, pomp,

bustle, consequence,

khaydl bastan, to suppose, imagine, form a notion, entertain an idea, dream of.
A
ilLsi-

p (^

'^'^

ddru^e, a certain medicine, a drug,

khagdlan (ace.) as an apparition.

p ^_Sj\^ ddrl, thou boldest, supportest, keepest,

p ^_^_AJl

JL:s- khaydl-andesh,

fantastic,

chimp

maintuinest

(rt.

^jiJ^\^ ddshtan).

erical, conceited,

whimsical, vain.

A iiU^. khiydnat, perfidy, treachery, treason,

disloyalty, insincerity.

M^ tb ddraini (obi. of ^^^^1 J ddrdni, du. dd7'), two worlds, both worlds,

of

jb
;

p ^:;J;1 J ddshtan, to have, hold, possess,

keep

48
A

t'-' to

V
Jlj ddnm,
lasting, unintermitting, ceaseless; always, perpetually.

keep up, maintain

to place, deposit

to

withhold, withdraw; towear.

dast dusJdan, to

,.fi^^J i-v-jJ

hand

over, to restore.

p aj\j ddi/a, nurse, foster-mother.

A js^^f^ dci-A, inviting, stimulating; the author or cause of anything.

(_-J

J dahlk, name of a small town in" Egypt, where they manufactured stuffs of gold tissue,
called

A i^z\j du^jat, cause, source

sion, call.

claim, preten-

which were
A

JujJ

dahikl.

Jl^J

dajjdl. Antichrist.
dijlat,

/\c>

dam, snare,

net, gin, springe.

it)

A al=s-j

the river Tigris.

,5=^0^^
all
(^d

r *\j duma, mr.y he (or

he perpetual, or

A ,^>-'^ duja' , darkness.

duja\ the

continue (3
optatively).

^ex. pret.

concave ^ wdw, used

darkness (the same for

V jUs>~ii

three cases).
duJihtardn),

lC1-

j^lj

ddma mulhihu, may

duMtar

(pi.

^ji^i^

his
I-

kingdom endure

daughter; damsel,
to court, betroth.

girl, lass.

^jX^\^ jxsS-J

jI^Ij dumad, son-in-law.

dukhtar khwustan, to ask a girl in marriage,

;

p j^^iJ
p j^*^J

daman,

skirt of a
(for

garment base of a hill.

ivr*'"-^

ddmanam

^^

ddmani man),

p (Ji^ir^J duJchtarak, little girl,

young

virgin,

maiden.

my

skirt, the skirt of

my

robe.

p ^i-^lo ddmane, a skirt, a whole skirt.

p i<<^J ddml, (thou) art the snare.
p p

J^ J
venue.

dakhl, entering

income, receipt, re-

A J^t^
arrival.

dukhul,

entrance,

ingress,

access,

^Ij
Ij'i

ddn, know, consider (imp. of |j:ujlj).

(pi.

J ddnd

^\j\i^ ddndydn), wise, knower,

JJ dad
of prey.

(pi. ;^^i.3i3

daddn),

wUd
;

beast, beast

wise man.
p

JUIj
a

ddiidtar, wiser.

JJ
1

dar, in, into, within,

among

concerning,
^;jSi

p (_Jl)lj ddndii,

knowledge, science.

Hundtc,

about, respecting, on, upon, at; under.

man

of wisdom.

J ba daryu

dar, in the sea

(pi. l&j J

darhd),
1

p ^:i*uJ^J ddnistan, to

know, consider, esteem, might know

he used
to

door, gate,
dar,

avenue
door.

topic, subject.

\\

az

regard.
F ^:uuj^ J duniste, he
;

by the

know.
p
p

A jj darr, milk, especially such as flows spontaneously from the udder in a copious stream.
Durr, pearl.

j^^^J
43iiy-i*3l

ddnish, knowledge, science, learning.

*^^ ^J durri yatlm,

long
;

rare, in-

J dunishmand,

wise, intelligent,

know-

comparable pearl.
p jl.J

ing, learned.

dard%,

outstretched,

extended.

p
p

Jki/..i* J

J ddnishmande, acertain learned man.

iji^r'j^}'^ dardz kardan, to stretch forth.

t^^L^
dram
;

dung, a weight, the fourth part of a

the sixth part of a dinar.

p (_fjM'^ dardzl, length.

A 'iJ\j^ dirdsat, study, reading; lesson, lecture.

p |^:ii-il

p^lt)f?awrt, grain, corn, seed; bait; bead; bead

J J dar
at,

dshuftan,

to be disturbed,

of a rosary.
p iS^i^ ddnl,
j_^"-juJ1j

thunderstruck.

thou knowest (2 per. pres. of

A alcljj durr di p (jJ^I

p

upper garment of cotton.

ddnistan).

A Jji J

JDd^^ud,

David, king of Israel.

resembling David

j^ dar dmadan, to come in, enter. ^x=i-^l jJ dar dmokhtan, to teach.

jLi'i_$J\jJ)dttidi, David-like,

the sweet singer of Israel.

cr^'IjJl JiJ dar anddlchtan, to hurl, cast. ^\^\jJ dardnldan, to tear, to cause to burst,
.J

p^j^J ddwar, judge, ruler; God.

A a^^cV/dttVa^, circle, circumference, orbit; cycle.

p lOi^^ijT

dar uvardan, to bring in

to

bring

down.

1,J

49

c^.J
we
are pained.

V ^sr_j\

JJ

d(ir utvelyhtan, to fasten on, to

lay

p aJ Jc^i^J dardmandlm,

hold
p
p

of, cling,

liang to.

p^,JjjjjJ dar ruludan,

off;

to seize, snatch, carry

to steal

<!c>rsr\l

jj
^d'^'

dar dwekhta, suspended,

"*>

to save, rescue;

upon,

o'
'V.b'^

i"^

enter thou,

come

in.
;

^sJl^j J J

dar rasunidan, to bring in.

to be

dirayat, knowledge, science

quality

^ Jk-sT.
^j:^\^
with
;

J dar ranjidan,

annoyed, vexed.

manner.
p (^/i^U

^O dar hufxhtan,
to lose at play.

to play, stake,

gamble

A {jMj^ dars, study, reading.

p
jLi dar sdMitan, to do with, to agree
to

away

p j^Vj^ darlun, porter, doorkeeper, warder. p J jt> dar har, on, or in the breast
;

be satisfied and content,

in the

p l::-w^J darast (for l::^-1

is

jJ dar
;

asi), is in,

comprised.
;

Durust,

complete,

entire,

arms.

i^^r> j-

j^ dar

har Icardan, to put on

sourid

just, right, true, valid

healed.

(clothes); to wear, assume,

^^ui^ j ji^ dar

iJ'ji

Li

c:_^^iJ durust nd harda, unfinished,

bar giriftan, to put on, assume, wear.

p

not done correctly.

p

ic^ ji^ darbasta,

J J dar band,

having the door shut, with

in the

^Siy^ ji^
.-

dar

siteztdati,

to

strive obsti-

closed doors, shut in. p JCJ

nately and pertinaciously.

bond

enslaved.

jj

dar

sar, in

the head.
;

p p

j_^
J

jt> dar pas, in the rear.

p l::-^j J dtirusJit, hard, harsh

thick, firm
;

rugged, rough

jJ
I

dar pa i, at the heels or footsteps.

stem, surly.

p (jii-J p

J dar pesh,

before, a-head, in front.

to join
;

p >- c:.^-ij J durusht-Mu, rough-tempered. p p

, c:.-,wijL> dicrusht-ru,

,::lj-j

jJ dar paivastan,
in.

to

be en-

crabbed-faced.
;

gaged

Ji-ijiJ

duriisJiti,

roughness

unkindness,

p ^Ci^^ j<^ dar paivasta, engaged in.

p CLJjJ darat, thy door, thy gate. A

harshness, severe treatment, severity.

p
preserving,

,^>^l:iJ

ji^ dar fidddan, to fall, to fall in.

darj,

infolding, collecting,

p A Ui

comprising, holding.

Durj, casket.
of
<ij>i

J J dar

kafd, behind.
(j)l.

A Cl-il^.J darahdt

of dSjJi daralcat), steps

A O^U*- (J darajut

(pi.

darajat), steps
ii,^rfrtfrfl^-^).

for descending, descents.

ascendingdegrees(opposed tcJl^'li
A

p Jjl ili^J dar kdr and, are at work, are busy.

p
i jLl.^

^^j^

darajat,

stej),

degree, rank, dignity.

jj
,J

dar-kushdda, open-doored, having

A ^c^J^
p A jjlrw

durje, a casket.

the door open.

p i^jk-JLi
tract
;

JJ

dar hul, immediately, instantly,

dar kashldan, to draw

;

in,

con-

forthwith,
p A fj^-

to suppress, restrain, refrain

to drag.

J J dar

halck, in reference, respect, or

p ili

J dar-gdh,

court, gate, threshold

shrine

regard, concerning, on behalf.

p <j:^s>-ji} diralcht (pi. ^l::.ri.j J diralMun), tree,

palace, king's court.

il Jo
over.

jj

dar guzdshtan, to pass by

to pass

shrub, bush.
p t_;^^^'

I'J

rfrtr

Jchwub, in sleep, asleep,

jj

p ^jk-j|^iAS'jJ dar guzrdnidan, to cause to pass. p

j^:i-i

t^^y^-

i<iy yhicubi,

(thou) art asleep.

suited.

Jo iJ dar guzashtan, to elapse, to pass

<^j^ j^ dar kkwurd, worthy,

on, to pass over, pass by, pass

away,

die.

p l)iJ dard, pain, ache, anguish. p ^J,J dardu (interj.), alas p ^^, jl Jj J p
Jc.-* J^iJ
!

p
p

^^Sj'^ dar giriftan, to take effect, to impress.

^fcV
*

ji^

dar girav budan,

to

be in deposit,

dar dudan, to submit, yield, surrender.

in pledge, in

pawn,

dardmand,

afflicted,

aching, suffering

p ^r.,w^o

iJ

dar gusistan, to be broken or

fail.

pain, pained.

twisted, to break down,

; ;

.^f.J

50

--cJ

r ^xJImSji^ dar gmildnldayi, to snatch, twitch,

wrest, wrench,
p
gate.

of a humble disposition, having the or temper of a dervish.

L::_^i-<s
^^jLi^

manners

p /^(J daram (for

r
>jt>

^J^ j<^

dart man),

my
;

lO

darioesh-sifat,

dervish-like,

endued with the

;

qualities of a dervish.

<?>> (pi.

\^j^

diramhu), money

p i^jij^j J darwesM, the condition of a dervish,

silver coin

worth

aboixt

twopence
distress,
;

di'am

poverty.

(weight).

Darweshe, a dervish, certain dervish.

rfrtr),

pJjU jj dar mundagi,

ability.

p li^J darhu (pl.jt)

sorrow,
;

doors; gates, l_?^;^>

melancholy, depression, sadness

p

want

in-

j^L*j1

darhdyi dsmdn, windows of heaven.

con-

p
iJ dar

*JS>

.J dar ham, together; perplexed,

;

^jJU
loss, at

mundan,

to be in

want, at a

fused, intertwined

pell-mell

vexed, an-

a standstill, to stick, sink, flounder

noyed.
p jjl:Ji

Dirham, a drachm,

a dirhem.
fallen into chaos

to

be distressed. dar manda

(pi.

f^J^ darham uftuda,

p aJc'L* jL>

j^oJjl^^J dar mandiram-

and confusion, embroiled, entangled.

p j^Ju..ii

daffdti), distressed,

imfortunate.
(pi.

t^jJ darham JcasMdan,

to

draw

to-

Pj\t> /^J diram-dar

,^J^^

(*j'^

gether, to contract.

durun), possessed of wealth, monied, rich,

p LJji^ dare, a door. p

p ^<^ii diranie, a single dirhem.

jc*:*-

dirame

cJiand,

a few dirhems, a

little

ls^*^ money,

Uj J

daryd, sea, ocean

any large

river, as the

Indus or Nile,

l^ Jt^ i_s\i ji^ darydyi ma^rih

<iJ'U:iO t_5^j'^

p i^Li i^\y* ji^ dar miydni shun (for ^^U.^

j^Luijl

jJ

Western Sea, Mediterranean.

dar miyuni

esTidn),

among them.
to lay
of.

p lo^^-^ (v)W* j'^ ^^^

miydn nihddan,
to expose
;

darydyi haftgdna, the seven seas. bar daryd dar, in the sea, into the
p c-ib

jJ ^j'V
sea.

before

to entrust

to speak

jj jj

dar ydh, know thou, consider, be

|^j:xJU

p iJjjJ darrinda, that which rends, rips, or

tears
;

wise (imp. of
p i^uil)

^J

dar rjdftan).

rapacious, ravenous.

dar ydftan, to discover, find out,

p {.^J^jii dirang, delay, hesitation.

apprehend, understand, comprehend.

p ^VsTjj daricha,

p i5>Jji^ dirangl, tardiness, lingering, delay.

p

window, small

door.

^^jy)

it>

dar navardan, to travel.

p i^JkjjJ darldan, to rend, tear, rip.

to

p ^^JkJj^ijJ^O dar navardldan, to

wrap up,

p ifJojJ darida, rent, torn. p f-i^j^ diregh, alas

!

fold together

to obliterate.
it,

what

a pity

pity,

harm

Pjj^J dar u, in him, in

harvest, reaping, p
ij\ji<-^

thereon.

Dirav,

denial, refusal; repugnance, reluctance, un-

willingness
jjL)^.=i-

sorrow, vexation, grief, remorse.

dire gh JJiwurdan, to grieve, to
'f->j^ diregh ddshtan, to

daricdza, door,
.

j-rlj-^

p 9j )J dtiro gh

lie,

falsehood, untruth.

be vexed.

|^,:x.l^J

deny, grudge, refuse, withhold, keep back.

p
p

^j
e^j

9})'^ durogh-zan, false, untrue, liar.

p
(f-^

Uj J direghd,
1

alas

ah

well-a-day

duroghe, a
hi,

lie,

a falsehood.

^'^

^y f^

duro ghe

1^

tO dar'in, in this

in these (another

mode

lie that,
;

p ijj^'^ darun, within, in

heart, inside.

of writing ^.^ j<^ dar In). p i>Wj<^ daryuza, mendicancy, mendicity.

p cJ'jj'^

^^

'^^h

upon him;

in

it.

p ^j'^jj'^ diravidan, to

mow,

reap.

p JJO duzd
p

(pi. Lr)^-^]^

dusddn), thief, robber.

r ^jio^jJ danvesh (pi. ^^Lio .jj darweshdn),

poor, needy, indigent dervish.
;

i^^j^

duzdl, theft, robbery.

Dmde, a

cer-

religious mendicant,
p
spirit,

tain tluef, a robber,

.,Joj;j duzdulan, to steal, rob, thieve,

w::->-c

p ClJy--> jjikJ^jJ darwesh-sirat, poor in

dast (pi. L;:- J dasthd),

hand

paw

; ;

<jlj

51
A.

^j
(or,

pre-eminence, superiority, victory.

l::..'^~)Jj

\^ii da^aw, they called upon

they

call

i^^j^ id dast uvardan, to gain, secure.

upon)

(pret. of the rt. IcJ, defective j

suit, petition
;

wdw).
invita-

p .U-jJ dastdr, turband p

l::.-a^-Ju

apron; apronful.

A i^i^ da-jwat, prayer,

to

c:-.w!j dast la dast, (from)

hand

tion; convivial meeting, feast, banc^uet, en-

hand.

Li-wjJ

(fas^

bar dast

tertainment, a p^jU^^i J dacwatash, his prayer.

zadan, to wring the hands

{^j^^ b. VJ

X ^ys:J da-^a\ claim, demand; plea, excuse;

plaint
;

(f/z<

ia/*

dushtan, to withdraw

petition,

suit at law, prosecution

the

hand

to leave, let alone,

assumption, pretension.
p lij daghd, imposture, cheat, fraud.

p i^JuLlLJj

c:-.%-j

(fo<

lar Jishundan, to rub the

hands together
p

(for joy).

p j^liJ daghdn, impostor, hypocrite.

p Jlc J daghal, false, base, spurious
; ;

^S^

o^-jJ
l::sJ

dast-tangi, straits, penury,

<f.?<

vice, fraud.

p ^^t3^ J

dCidan, to give a

hand

to

p i_jj daf, a single drum,

i.e.,

with only one

help, aid, assist, favour, promote.

skin; tambourine.
py^wij daftar, book, register, journal, record,
folio,

(-.J

Vi.:^0 dast-ras,

within one's
livelihood
;

come to hand, obtained, power; means of subsistence,

power, strength,

volume.
dafi^
repelling,
off.

friendly.

A _ij

parrying,

averting,
'

il>c-jj dast-gdh, help, relief;

checking, keeping

ap

means, ability
p

^J^^

f-^^duf^

wealth.

anddkhtan, to refuse, defer, postpone.

;

^jJc^J dast-glri,
help,
assistance,

taking by the hand

iji-^J
t_>;tr^->~*'^

aid,

A|^ J dafn,

burial, sepulture, interment, a p ^ji J

dast-giri

^i^S dafn
A
A

hirdan, to inter, bury.

kardan, to hand over.

p *i-;J dastam,

my

hand.

^J

daklc,

defamation, calumny, slander.

;

<iiLJ-^ daJcikat, particle

nice point, subtlety.

dast u pa,

hand and

foot.

A ^iliJ dukdn, shop,

p

ijjj b ^
in

:,-.-.0

dast

u pa hurida, amputated

hands and

feet.

ij digar (pi. i^^^ digardn),

any more, again.
j\i

other, different

V jy^->i dastiir, custom, habit; prime minister,

-p

p <ii~)J dasta, handful, bundle p

(^f^iib

handle. p p
p

^^ digar bdr, another time, ij\j ^J digar hdra, again, once

ijS^
oy>J
digare, another.
heart.
(^^^^-J

again,

more,

f^::^^-^ dast

yuftan, to get the hand,

to triumph,

digar rah, another road; another time,

p e:.-^J dasht, desert, plain without water,

p
^^Y*^^'^^

dushnan

(pi.

^^..aJ^^ dushuandn),

Jj

dil,

J->

dil nihddan, to

foe,

enemy, foeman.
^jAJtiJ dushman-kdni, (foe's wish) death.

set the heart.

-^li

p Aj^>^ dil-drdm, heart-pleasing, heart-refreshing, solacing, delightful

;

i-> dashmanl, enmity, hostility.

p *li-ii^

lover.

dushndm, abuse.

<Sjj

i,.::..-wjJ j\ J J dil a% dast rafta, one has lost his heart lorn, forlorn.
1

who

^l:-lJ dmlmdme, an abusive word; abuse,

p iJ.jl
incivility, rudeness.

JJ JJ
JJ

dil-dzarda,

displeased,

irritated,

nettled, provoked, pained, distressed,

difficult;

p (^-iJ dushwdr, not easy,

painful, distressing.

harsh,

<Jai-i)l

dil-dshufta, distressed in mind,

A 'It J dUiUi, prayer, invocation, intreaty, supplication

;

p \^ji\

dil-afroz, heart inflaming.

;

benediction.

r;>>-

(-/^-^"^

dutdgi

^^ J

daldlat, indication

proof, evidence.

khair, prayer for welfare.

p iJj dil-dvar, stout-hearted, bold, brave, intrepid, valiant.

^Uj

duid^e, a praj-cr

an imprecation.

I'j

52

T^j^ii^dil-uvan, intrcpi(lity,boldnoss; contest.

p
ifcisTj^ J dil-uweJchta,

p j^l'^ J

daman,

swift

powerful

terrible,

furious, unruly.

enamoured

loved.

p * Jw J
alluring,

dam

ba dam,

moment

to

moment, each
to cease to

t \}Jij

dil-uwez,

heart- attracting,

moment.
p

charming, ravishing.
p

^A-JUi jJ A J dam dar kashidan,

JJ

dil-har,

charming

charmer.

breathe, to be silent, hold one's breath.

p lJj^'^ dil-harl, captivation of the heart. Dilbare, a captivator of the heart, ii charmer.

Aj^J

dammir, hurl thou ruin and destruction

(imp. of 2nd form of the root -^ J).

p^_j:A,*Ji)W(;, Damascus, the capitalof Syria.

p ^Szjm^^ dil-bastagi, attachment, heart-union.

p
i!;j.A**Jj

dil-hasta, united in heart, attached.

p [j^-J dami, inflated, puffy, tumid, windy, gouty.

p JkiJo

dil'land,

heart-binding

agreeable,

lovely, charming, fascinating.

Dame, an instant, one moment. dame chand, a few moments.

J^^^

is^*^

c:.--!j dilat,

thy heart, thine heart.

heart-sick,

A l?l^O dimyut, Damietta in Egypt. A

'.?L-^J

r j.^.^Uj

dil-tang,

disheartened,

dimydti,

species of fine cotton

sad, vexed, distressed, out of spirits.

cloth or stuff

^S^ ^ dil-tangl, distress, depression of spirits,

sadness; heart-burning; oppression.
,

made

at Damietta, dimity,

p ^jJu.^ (J damidan, to blow,

to sprout (as

bloom, expand
;

,i.s'J dil-l-hwrcih,

pleased,
;

satisfied,

con-

to burst forth as the

an incipient beard) dawn.

blown,

to appear,

tented, cheerful, glad

appeased.

p aJk-^J

damida,

blooming,

budded,

p
.

)l

ji J dil-dur, possessing or

holding the heart

p
p

shot forth.

charming.

JLlO

damlul,

tail,

stern; rudder.

p ^--ilj^ f^j^\ Jo dil zijdn bar ddshtan, to give up Uie hope of life.
p p
j_^l:xJ

io^^^ dandan,

tooth.

p (jl JjJ dandune, one tooth, a single tooth.

dil-situn, heart-taking, fascinating,

U^J
*

A \^Jdicn)ja\ world, earthly posssession.

dil-froz, enlivening, glad, joyous.

Li j\\

-,j .i!

dil-farlh,

heart-stealing, cheating,

^J.\>^\

ad

diingd' tva 'd din, the

world and

bewitching, deceitful,
p j^Ij dalk, dervish's habit, rags, p
(^^ilxij dil-hash,

religion, (church and state).

^^J t/W*^ '^"'*"

yCiyi dun, base world.

l-JJ lI^'L^ haydti

dunya\ the present

heart-attracting, alluring.
plxLil! J fW-^7M72a,heart-expanding, exhilarating.

life.

V j\i^ [jjdunyd'-ddr, (holding the world),

man

of the world, wealthy person

worldling.

sJ^ J J
hearted.

dil-murda,

dead,

at

heart,

cold-

A i-iVJ- duiiyawly, worldly, secular.

^J

PjJ
a heart, a single heart. A

du, two;

both.

dile,

p jjj

dillr, bold, brave,

audacious, courageous.

M^J dawdi, medicine, remedy, a p ^Jiji Uo dawd kardan, to medicate, to treat medically.
(pi.

p ^5>!-> diliri, courage, boldness, audacity.

A <J^.J daivdbb

of (L;\j ddbbat), cattle,

is

A (JJo dalil, guide, conductor; proof; argument, demonstration.

p

beasts, brutes.

{D'ncabb

often

employed

in the sense of the singular.)

/J dam,

respiration, breath
^jj'^ji^

moment

gulp,

A *\J dawdm, perpetuity, duration.

ipla ^d

/^^J*'^

/X^

draught,

A C^
tail.

^^"-^'^

^^^' S-vardan, to

dawdm, perpetually, uninterruptedly.

;

draw a breath, ^^j; *>^dam%adan,

to proceed.

to breathe;

p (O^jO dav)dn, running

p

runner.

Dum,

^vXJ^^J dawdnldan,
to run.

to cause, suffer, or allow

AjULi damur, ruin, destruction,

r

6tJ

dimiigh, brain; conceit, fancy, notion,

(_j^^-^

dawds.e, a remedy, a medicine.

pride, consequential airs.

p lU .J

du

bar, twice.

r'Jp Sj\j jt>

53
p

joj
..J

du hura, a second time, twice.

da.

dlin

(pi.

i^ljj^ dundn),
vile.
of,

mean,

sorry,

p jJVj J

hirudar (not ^^j^\ri j<^ du hiru-

shabby, base, low,

darun), two brothers.

r
Ij

A ^j. J duna, beside, short

;

exclusive

of.

j^^

.J

<?u td,

double, twofold

convex or con-

^"j]

<

}\s!^\

duna 7 tazdbi 7 akhar, besides

in two, in twain.

cave, bent.

the greater (or sorer) punishment.

<Jj.tJ

dauhat, grove, orchard, thicket.

p **5

<?M

nlm, two halves

hafta,

p ^^:^%^
broider
;

doMtan,

to

sew

to

close

up

to

p ^cJJb .J p
,

du

two

se'nnights, a fortnight.

to transfix, pierce,

,Jo

.J davtdan, to run.

p <)a>-J dohhta, sewed, p

sewed up,

closed,
dil,

p iJ dah, ten.
p
i

J.J dud, smoke.

from the heart,

J J J.J dudi

smoke

dih, village, hamlet,

town

(imp. of ^jJi J

sigh, groan.

dddan), give thou; (in comp.), giver.

p
;

p j^LJjJ dudmun, great tribe, family.

^J^^

dahdn, mouth; orifice; jaws.

(.J daur, revolution

cycle,

time

the world

p ^JlJ^J dahdne, the mouth.

p \a>-

fortune

cup handed round by

ulihir, last
(j\,|>.^
!

guests.

i.J

iJ dih-khudu (or

t_^^

Jcj-

iJ dih-kJruddi),

yi-

dauri

going round of the cup.

diirun),
far,

head man of a

village,
it)

PjjJ dur
remote
p
i jlsj^
1.
;

(pi.

distant,

p JJ&J dihad, he (she or

(rt. ^;<^^t>

gives or

may

give

avaunt

p *jij duram, I

am

far.

dddan).
;

J dur uftuda,
gone

strayed away, wandered

A .^J dahr, time, age, eternity

A p
<i[/ljbj

world; fortune.

afar

off,

to a distance.

dahshat, fear, awe, dismay,

dihlcdn, villager, rustic, peasant,

A ^j'^ dauran, revolution, circle, cycle, p

_i

j^UaJ

;.J dozal-h, hell,

p ^uj
p

^J^^

dihlcdn-pisar, peasant's boy.

p i^Tb-JjJ
infernal

dozaMl
;

^^^f^j*^ doza'khiyun), prisoner in hell damned,

(pi.
;

JJ^J duhul, drum, tabour.

p jJjbJ dihilz, vestibule, portico,

p l::^*J&J dihamat, I should

p ^::#;. J dost (pi. ^^J^c^^i^ dostuti), friend, lover.

ijix-l^J l:i-^-j.J dost ddshtan, to love, like,

bestow on thee,

p p

(^J

dahan, mouth, a mouth.

(pi.

fancy, hold or esteem as a friend.

Pj\jc.-jjJ dost-dur, friendly, friend.

^J dahane,
districts.

A lb J diydr (pi. of i^J ddr), houses;

p
tj

of

c:--^j J dost-ru, having the countenance

of a friend, amiable.
p

isyj dairat), countries, regions, provinces,

Doste,

^^^i^ dostl,

friendship, alliance, love.

A Jo

il)

J Diydr-hahr, name of the country

a friend, a certain friend.

p (>^j^ dosh, shoulder
;

anciently called Mesopotamia.

last night.

A (Lb J diydnat, religion, adherence to religion,

conscience, conscientiousuess,honesty, probity.

p il--l.J doshlza, virgin. p

V.J do^, sour milk, buttermilk, whig, whey.

LjJ
()Lr>-

dihd, brocade, cloth of gold.

rfzifvy'tf,

p ij^~ dukun, shop.

Lj J

preface; frontispiece of a book

p <5JOjJ dugdna, twofold; a prayer in which two inclinations of the body are made.
<Jjli.J dugr'aiate, a single

(often decorated with gold

A ,'i^J dlbah, brocade,

and colours).

one of such prayers.

p j^jjj dlddr, sight, look, view, interview. p

ij.J daulat, wealth, fortune, prosperity, happiness; power; reign, empire, dynasty.

jjl^joJ dldamash,
or regarded him.
.(OkJJ dldan,
at,

saw, beheld, viewed,

^
p

^.J

daulate, a fortune.
(or
^jrr'*}'^

to see,

perceive, behold, look

;

notice, observe, witness

to

meet with,

*jJ duwum

duwumln), second.

suffer, expcrieuee.

Jjj
p sSiJ dida, seen

54

Jj.->

having seen

eye-sight,

lu\j

zdt, person,

body

nature, essence, soul,

p ikX>k> dida^^e, thou hast seen,

self; genus, species, race, breed.

p J J dlr, late, long, slow

old, antique.

A ji- J zukhr, treasure

provision, store, hoard.

YjjJ jj dlr
p

dlr,

very seldom, at rare intervals,

;

A i^*>-J zafdilraf, store, hoarded supply. A ijJ zarrat, atom, particle,

little.

after a long time

very

late.

^_Ai^
ing
;

dlrlna, old; long lived; of long stand-

A^J

a long while.

zil:r, memory, mention, memorial, remembrance, recital repeating of the names,

;

j^j ^_jf^'^ dlrina-roz, old, aged, ancient.

attributes,orpraisesofGod. ^Jip jj hazikrash,

in

p <,^Ji\^ deg, pot, cauldron.

His

praise, in the

mention of Him.

v^^dlgar (pi.
;

^ Xj J digardn),

other, another;

(J J

zull,

baseness, abjectness, meanness, dis-

on the other hand; besides, moreover, further, again any more, any longer.
p (^|^;J digardn, others, other persons.

grace, humiliation.

A XJ J

zillat,

error,

blunder

disgrace

base-

ness, vileness.

p lb p

Xo

dlgar-hur, another time, again.

^J^'-i zillate, a

base passion, a vile propensity,

aJ ijJ

dlgar dam, another moment.

anything shameful, scandalous, disgraceful,

and dishonourable.
dlgar ro%, V \^j J^j^

next day.
A ;.liJj zulika, that.

vx^^i^yji^

dlgar walct, another time.

;

p tjyv.'^ dlgare, one other

the other.

A A

JJj

zalil, abject,

mean, sorry, despicable.

A ijjj dm, religion, faith, creed. sj:-JjJ j jjjJ din u daulat, church and state.

*J zamm,
crimes,

blame, detraction.
(pi.

A *jl^J

zamuHtn

of

tU-.^J

zamimat),

apjUj J
p

dinar, a silver coin weighing seven or

misdeeds,

base

and

reprehensible

qualities, culpabilities.

ten drachms.
,

^^j

W'^
who

i-)^.'^

^^^ ^^ dunya^-farosh, a seller,

A

v__-.3j zanab, tail.

or one

barters religion for the world.

spirit.

p jj dlv, devil, daemon, p

.1

V<^ dlwar, wall.

;

endued with, possessed of (always J J zu, found in composition), ^^j^^ j^^ 2"'^ hurha\ possessed of relationship, kinsman.

tribunal p i^^ V.i^ dlwun, finance department series of of justice or revenue a complete alphabet, odes running through the whole
;

A jliiiJl .J zulfaJcdr, name of the celebrated

sword which formerly belonged

<Ui.^

to ^jJ ^js\^\

the verses of the first class terminating in and so on. In Per, of the second in ^-',
\

an unbeliever who was slain at the battle of Badr. It became the property of Muhammad, and
ids bin munahhih,

Al

sian the diwans of Hafiz

and Jam! are the

most celebrated. i^W.^ k_^-

w suhihi dlwun,

afterwards fell into the possession of his son-in-law and successor, the caliph Ally.

comptroller of the finances, chancellor of the exchequer.

p '^jW^ dlwdna, mad, crazy, deranged. p ij^.0 dlwdnl, belonging to a court of law or

A Miyi^ ji^ 2u7 nun, a name of Abu Fazl Suban bin Ibrahim, a celebrated ^luhammadan saint, chief of the Sufis, who died in Egypt,
A.n. 245.

A jj^J zauh, taste, relish, gust, delight. A 4_f^j zawl (obi. of ^jJ zawii,
possessed
of,

exchequer

a financier

financial.

pi.

of .J zu),

p c:-^.8^ yi>^ dlv-sifat, devil-like, like devils, p <0J dlh, village.

endued with.

,<jyij^

sO^ ^^^'^^

'^

kurhC, possessed of tions, kinsmen.

A u-^JJ
ziih, wolf.

afiiuity, relatives, rela-

A \j zd, he

this.

Jj j

zail,

lappet, or train to a robe, lower

A ^^\\ \j zd

'llazl,

he who.

extremity, skirt of a garment.

If

55

OJJ
;

A L-Jj rahb, lord

Creator,
arzi,

J
^jli\ rahbu

God

lord

Lord of the earth.

\j

rd, sign of the oblique case in Persian.

ra->at,

A L-Jj rubba, many.

A CU\j

she saw

(rt.

^\j

ra^a',

he saw).
A

many
\:\ij

Jus J^; a sincere friend.

^_^ rubba

sadikin,

A
'P

is>~\
\\j

rCihat, quiet, repose, rest, ease.

ru%, secret, mystery.

ra^^s,

rildt, any public building, as an inn, caravanscry or monasterj'.

)

A \jM\f

head

<)~j|^

ratstdm, his head.

A (c^V

rubd^iy, a verse of four hemistichs,

r ci^-j^ rust, straight, direct, exact, correct,

right, true directly.
;

tetrastic, quatrain,

the right hand

immediately,

p ^jj'^^j rubdtldan, to seize, rob. A v^j rabband,

c-fe'^)^
;

e:^-j|^ rust k/itcdJn, thou

our Lord

(accusative used

wantest the truth

askest thou the truth

for the vocative),

p Jw-.^-J|^ rdsttar, truer, more correct.

p
(.t^s-* u:.-w:l^

p (j^^^S riibudan, to snatch, steal, ravish

to

withdraw
rdst-stiMan,
true in
speech,
truthful.

onc's-self.

A %-^j
truth,
;

rabl-,,

the spring, vernal season.

I,

A ^jf^j
^J^-^^j

rdsti,

veracity

rectitude

rabli

vernal.

straightforwardness

rank of dexter.
;

j^j
d\s%.
^,^I

rajm, pelting with stones.

rt'hlat,

A '^\j rdsikh, firm, solid, steady

profoundly

A A

march

departure

death.

learned, standard, classical (author),

rahm, compassion, mercy,

Rahim, womb.

^\j rdztn
fied,

(for

^^^j

rdziyun), pleased, satis-

A ^^'^-j
>-.-Jl

{or ^^jyt>s>~j) rah man, merciful. (j/*=0^

contented.
rdzi,

ar rahmdnu
;

rahlm, the merciful,

^^\j

content,

satisfied,

pleased,

ac-

the pitiful

the most merciful.

pity,

quiescing.

Kv t^\j

rdzi'yam, I

am

content.

A <U>=^

rahnat (or rahamat),

;

mercy,

A (<c\; ^^^ shepherd, pastor.

A

clemency

blessing

a mercy, a gift of the

il^s>-

k_^tj

rdkih, riding; rider,

^^-i^^l k_^^j

Divine mercy.
c-alaihi,

<uLc i^\

rahmatu 'Huh

rdkiha 7 mawdshl, (as) riding"(or a rider of) the beasts.

the mercy of
\

God

(be)

upon him.
to

Ap

i^i^j}

<L^A,:~j

rahmat dvardan,

shew

A (-i^L^lj ruMhdt

(pi. of 'i^\j rukihat, fern,

of
A

pity, to exercise mercy.

i,^^\j rdkib), female riders.

V ^'^^j randan, to drive, goad, spur, impel,

^}-^j

rah'il,

journe)', departure.

A (tf^j rahlm, merciful, full of pity.

push forward, urge onward, chase away, expel to attack, fall foul upon to
propel,
;

(t^j

rulchdm, marble, alabaster.

rakht,
furniture,
stuff,

carry on.

p c:-oi-j

apparatus,

apparel, baggage, luggage.

\^\j

ruiu, they (masc.)

saw
;

(rt

^^\j rata').

V j\ms-.j ruJchsdr, cheek.

vssJ!i.:>^j rakhshanda, shining, bright, dazzling,

p i\j rah,

way, road, path

voyage, journey.
effulgent.
-J

sJj^

i^j

ruh-na-hurda, untravelled.
opinion, judgment, sentiment.

^\j ra!-y, view,

A p JcJj
ing.

rakhshidan, to shine, flash, glitter.

; ;

^\j rdyi buland,

;

exalted understand-

A dj radd, return restitution, restoration

tation.

refu-

(^,J

,^\j rat zadan, to give an opinion.

i^\^
rice.

Jj raddi jawdb, rejoinder,

ij\j ra<-yat, standard, flag, banner, ensign.

I

\j

raz, vine, grape.

A c:-^jl

ras-aita,

thou saw est, or seest

(rt.

X jj ruzz,
A

^\j
A

rata').

^\j

rizh,

support, sustenance, subsistence,

^j

rate,

an opinion

new

opinion.

rations,

daily

bread,

provision,

allowance

uV
appointed by Providence,
ma<~luinu)i,
/yj*-*

56
p

ti-

Jm

rizhin

^'^j rnftan,

to

sweep.
i

an assured subsistence.
tract.

p icjj rafta (pi.

^l>^

rafiagmi), gone, set

;

off,

A iuLj^t risulat, letter, epistle, missive; treatise,

passed, departed, travelled

dead, deceased.
;

pamphlet,
p

A _jj r/t,
tion
;

lifting, raising, elevation

;

promo-

^^Ljj
ft^^-^j

rasunidan, to cause to arrive, send, bring, transport, carry to inflict.

;

Rustain, son of Zal, the most renowned

removal (from an office) (in grammar) Zamraa, i.e. the short vowel u at the end of a word in nouns, denoting the nominative.
A

of the heroes of ancient Persia, their Hercules.

^ij
I

rifk, benignity, courtesy.

r i^/i-^ rastan, to be liberated, escape, get p jj^-j;

riistan, to

free.

A iJ^

rafkat, rifkat, or rufkat, a

;

company of

grow, sprout.
;

fellow-travellers

society, friendship.

p ikx^j rasta, escaped

saved.
rule, custom, habit,

A *-^j
A

fdp'i^f raised,

high, exalted.

A j^j rasm, law, canon,

usage.

(J^j rnflk

(p

pi.

^^^j

raflkun),

com-

panion, associate, friend.

a

A ^^*^j rasmi,

custom

customary.

~Uj

rikdh

(pi.

of iLjj rakahat), necks.

;

p \y^j niswu, disgrace. A

A \^j^j raks, prancing.

dancing

capering

ambling,

J^j rasul (p pi. ^y^j rasulan),

apostle
;

messenger,

A ix'i, ruk^at, patch of paper

;

letter, short note, scrap

propliet.

petition,

PC^-^Ju-j;rsi<frts^ (equivalent to

^.::^J\

sXy^j
ruk'.a,

ap tUij

<uij rukui bar

rasida ast), has arrived,

p

patch upon patch.

^S^j rasldan, to arrive, reach, touch, attain,

a Jfj rahn, writing, inscription.

A A
>

p it'^'^j rasida, arrived.

^ij

raklb, rival, competitor; watcher.

A i^j rasksh, sprinkling, aspersion.

A
*

(LJsj

rukyat, incantation, magic, spell.

c-ij

rashf, drop, sip, suck.

A t^lij rikdh, stirrup.

A

p lLSJ^j rashk, emulation, zeal, envy.

d^j

rukbaf, the knee, ^^^jrukbatl,

my knee.

A i^-^j rishwat, hrihe. a p

^t^j^

^ytijvishwat

A ^y^j rakibu, they embark

A
ijtj
1

(pret. of i_-^j).

Mwurdan,

to take bribes.

A^U3j

ri%di, content, satisfaction, acquiescence,

raktat, a devout inclination of tlie body during prayer, so that the hands touch or

resignation, good will, consent, good pleasure, favour

;

rest

upon the knees.

raklk,
thin, slender,

content, satisfied.

A
p

CS^j
petty,

mean, paltry,
ragi jdn, heart-

u--sj

razlnd,

we

are satisfied.
dates.

weak, small.

A i^-^j rutah, ripe

A

i^j

rag, vein.

t^J^

*.Lf>

bUj

strings.

ra^uya^

(pi. of

dl^j ra-ayat), subjects.

p

^\ cjj

rag-zan, phlebotomist, bleeder.

A ^yS'j rii.uyat, care, attention; respect, regard.

A ^y^j rimdynt, shooting; archery.

p^Jp^lslsA
p

Li^jlr;^ ri-Jiyati Ijhdtir kardan,

^Ul^ ramazdn,
haroniadan year.

the ninth

to respect, to attend to the wishes.

Sz-j ra-Jl, thunder.

month of the Mustrict fast was enjoined

all

by

Muhammad upon

his followers from

Lzj

ra-^nu, delicate, tender, beautiful.

sunrise to sunset daily throughout this month.

last breath, departing spirit. (J^J ramak, A ^'j rama', he shot (a defective verb). ij)^j

AtUcj ra^yat, subject, peasant, cultivator, ryot.

A <U^j raghhat, strong desire, wish, inclination, avidity, greediness.

rama'ni, he shot me, he hit me.

;

Pjlsij raftur, going, travelling

P

travel.
;

p ^A.-

ramJdan,

to flee in terror, to

be

^^rnred.

^J^J raftan,
tain
;

to go, depart

to escape

to at-

^j ranj,

trouble, labour; toil, moil; anguish,

to descend.

grief, pain,

annoyance

moodiness.

r^
r ^JujlrsT. ranj'dmdan,
to displease,

57

u^ai
ro% (pi. of l^iji rozhd), day.

annoy,

vex, put to grief, affect with disgust.

p (ji^=fj
'''c^'^ji^h,

\^j p Jjij ddd, day of retribution. ^U-i Jj^rozi shumdr,

j\j

rozi

pettishness, indignation.

day of reckoning.
disdaj^ of battle.

^\ Ju.- j*j
JOj-

rozi maiddn,

L,<l

fjLs^Tj ranjish-umez,
;

mixed with

pleasure

angry, testy.
ill,

p k-^j^j rozah, a short day.

ailing, vale-

L.5V>.

S\>t rozake

p j^sT^ ranjur, sick, afflicted,

tudinary.

chand, a

few short days.

i^j^j^j rozgdrdn), fortune;
living, livelihood,
life.

p loj^j rozgdr (pi.

state, condition
;

p^.4^, ranjuri, sickness, disorder, distemper. p i^j ranja, pain, grief.

p

means of
t'ozgar
.li

subsistence

time,

^'^y.

j^jij
l)

je^j

ranje, a grief, a vexation,

annoyance.

hiirdan, to live, to associate.

JlcI-u.^

\j>

rozguri nd

musdzfd,

unpropitious fortune,

p i^j>->.sr, ranjldan, to be displeased, oifended,

hard times.
p lSj^j^j rozgure, a time, some time, a length of time, a while, a long period.
V ^j^j rauzan, window the escape of smoke.
;

vexed, put out of humour, annoyed,

made

sad.

p iS^^csTj ranjlda, vexed, displeased, annoyed.

p jJj rind

(pi. ^^-J^j rmdiiti),

debauchee, rake.

chimney, aperture for

p (.SJoj ranff, colour,

hue

dye, tint.

<^J^j^j

rang-d-rang,

many-coloured,

of

p ajjj roza, fasting,

fast.

various hues, colours or kinds.

p (j^yJ
I

p i^j^j

rozi, fortune, luck, daily

bread or food,
;

rang in, coloured

eloquent, flowery

p i^jjj raze, one day, a single day

Jc^ji-

some day.

(language), florid (style).

i^jjj raze chand, several days,

many

p^

rav, go thou (imp. of (j.-ij raftan).

;

days.

jJ

t-ijv

^"^'^

^^> ^ couple of days.

^ 3J ^^' ^^^^> surface

reason.

consideration, sake, cause,

<Lj j J i^j}j ^^^^ <^" **^>

t^o

0^ three days.

cJl>- <^jr> bar rugi Miuk, on the

face of the earth, on the bare ground.

Pj^kS- ^j*jrozi-]Jiwdr{-^\.^j\^s>~ lSJ^j^oziIdiivurdn), eater of daily bread; a living

creature.

p \j rated, lawful, allowable, passable, right,

fit,

proper.

^j^Jj^J \j

rawd ddshtan,

to

p iJ

i_5';

rozi-dih, giver

of daily bread, be-

allow, permit, sanction.

stowing (or bestower

;

of) subsistence.

^^j

ravdn,

life, soul, spirit

also (partic. of

A
p

*l-jjn ruiasds. (pi.

of

^^/*^J

rans

),

chiefs.

going, moving, shifting, run^J^j raftan), ning. ^Jci ^jj ravdn shudan, to depart,
set out.

er^jj ruspl, harlot, whore, courtezan.

^t

rustd, village, market-town.

\^'^S

iv)'j) J

I'OiVdn

hardan, to send

p ijUln-jjij rustd-zdda (pi. ^^S\jC.^j rustd-

away, to despatch, dismiss.

p LjI

zddagun), village-born
spirit-

rustic, villager.

^^tj ravdn-dsu, soul-refreshing,

p ^^u-^jM rustui

(pi. j^l)u:i)

rustdydn), pea-

soothing.

sant, villager, rustic.

'^jj

rob (imp. of

(jJ^jj robldan), wipe.

p ^L-jji, rustdye (or^^^^^^^j rustdie),a villager.

p i^_}j rubdh, fox.

Pj^Juj.^. roJz^rtw, to wipe, sweep, dust; to clean.

p iT'^j ravish, gait, walk, carriage custom conduct, behaviour.

;

procedure,

A ^jj ruh,

spirit,

soul.

j LUys kuti

ruli,

ij-ii^j

roshan, bright, shining, clear, light, en;

food of the soul.

p Jjj rud, river.

lightened

limpid.

Ravad, he goes, he
raftan).

may

p j^L-ijj roshndn, light, brightness.

or

might go

(rt.

(^i

i_$\j

ij-^jj roshan-rdi, of enlightened

judg-

ment.
p
-^^

p aJ^j ruda, intestines, entrails, guts, viscera.

{.^S^

!>t^jj

ruda-i tang, narrow guts.

^J^^J

roshan-guhar, bright-souled, lumi-

nous, sparkling as a gem.

u^V
A

5S

Jj
^J^^J
rekhtan, to pour out,
spill,

i^y

rauzat, garden.
ratighan, grease,

scatter,

p ^J^JJ oil, butter. A *^j Huni, the Turkish empire.

shed, crumble.

p acuiC^ relMa, crumbled

in

shed, spilt, poured,

APj^jlj rumi, Turkish, produced

p iAJj^ rawinda
that goes
;

Turkey.
p

strewed.
i>\ij reza,

(pi. i^^-^J^j

rawindagun), one

crumb, scrap, shred.

traveller, passenger.

p j^U^uJj rlsmdn, rope, string; cable, hawser.

p ^J^lJ resh, wound, sore, blain, ulcer; bleeding, wounded, sore. Rish, beard; dress, suit of clothes for festive occasions. p (_^l^j reshdn, wounded, bleeding.
Icashl-

p (Jjjj raunah, ornament, beauty, bloom, lustre,

shine, glory.

i^ji.

ruy (pronounced ru),

j^tX-JL^

face,

countenance,

aspect.

f^J'^

^ij ^" darham

^"^

dan, to frown,

i^ji^j cJj^

rwyi zamln, the

kardan, to

A ^l^'J rattan, best of anything, flower or vigour of youth,

p t^..;j
reg,

face of the earth.

i^'^S i^j

sand,

turn the face.

(rt.

Ravi, thou goest, mayest go

^^j

i^S^j regi ravdn,

shifting sand, quicksands,

^^j

raftan).

i.::-^^j

ruyat, thy face, thy countenance.

;

^j

rlv, fraud, deceit.

p jj^Vij rundan, to grow, yegetate grow, cause to vegetate.

to

make

J
pj
p
zi (forj^ az),

^^*J

ruiln, brazen, consisting of brass.

than

of; from, out of.

;

p t^,^oo- ^^jjj ruim-chang, brazen -clawed,

p Hj rah, road
;

jU

zdd,

provisions for a journey

i\j J\j

he was

time, turn.

born
rahd kardan, to
lay aside
;

\ii!j

rdhii, leave,

^^r' ^J
put

(rt. i^^^j zudan). provisions for a journey.

zddi rah,

leave, quit, abandon,

off,

to

jU
/y

zdda, (he or

it)

increased,

was over and

give leave.

V ^^\J\lbjrahdmdan,io cause or allow to escape;

to save, free, deliver, rescue, release.

above, exceeded (concave ^5 ye).

V
release,

S\\ zdd-hum, father-land, place of one's

birth, native country,

j3^;

rahus-i,

escape,

deliverance,

emancipation.

p (_^o u>^

',

zudagdn

(pi.

of * jlj

zdda),

bom

A iUJUA. rahhunlyat, monasticism

/L.;^i

children,
;

monkery.
p

young

ones,

p (<5t>U zddagl, birth, parentage, i^ <UJu&^ t la rahhdnlyata fi 'I islam, there are no monkish practices in Islam.

^ J^
}iii\\

zddan, to be born, arise, spring

to give

birth to, to bring forth.

^r^j

rah-har, guide, road-guide,

p p j^^V
!ij

zdda, born

son.

iS\

zdda%e, a son.

rah hurdan, to obtain the road, to get

access to.

pjU zdr, groan, lamentation;

p

groaning, afflicted

weak, contemptible; wretch.

robber,

^j^j
ii>j

rah-hari, guidance, direction.

'^^^-'^^^1

t)

highwayman.

4_^^J

zan, lamentation, cry.

p i|j zdgh, a crow.

Vji^i&j rah-guzar, passage, way.

p p t^wV.J&> rahldan, to rid one's
free or clear of.
self,

JU

Zdl, the father of

Eustam and son of

called

escape, get

Sam Nariman.

He was

jj

zar, or

^\jj riydi,

hypocrisy.

A <L)U; rhdsat, dominion, authority, headship;

clerkship.

golden, because when born he was covered with yellow down. He was put to death by Bahman; an old man or woman a gray beard.
;

F p

^U
^\
that.

zdle,

a certain old
5^

woman,

A ^\=s^.j raihdn, an odoriferous herb (as sweet

basil).

z\~in (for 1^1

)> from that; than

Jj
p

59

ilj

i^\\ s'dn^j

(for iSj

\\

az d7i

Aj;),

because that.

p ^ij}\

j^

lJ^J

zi

pdi dar dvardan,

to trip

p isj]j %'dn gah (for iS3\ j\ az an gah), from

that time.

up, to throw down, to prostrate.

\j^\

zi pas, after, behind.

V mJ\j z'dnam, than that I am.

Ay>-;

zajr, chiding, scolding, reproof,

rebuke;

pylj
A

zdnu, knee.

impediment, opposition, violence.

^^IjuiU zdhiddn), devout,

Si\j

zdhid (p

pi.

A aU>-J zahmat, trouble, inconvenience, annoyance, afiiiction, disquietude.

abstinent; recluse, hermit, anchoret.

APyJJiU
A ^Sib^
A
;

zdhittar,

more of a

recluse,

more
Zd-

p *:>-; zakhm, p i>^jy^

wound.

hermit-like.
zdhidi, piety, religion, devotion.

*^j zaM m-khwurda, received a wound,

wounaed.
p <U>>.J zakhma, bow or plectrum of a violin or other musical instrument, fiddlestick. r tS=>-j zi khivud, of himself (herself,
itself).

hide, a recluse.
Jo^J zdiid, increasing,

exceeding. (jL?^l Jo^J

zdiidu'l wasf, indescribable, beyond description.

p ijJj zadan, to strike, beat, hit, smite, shoot,

visitor, pilgrim.

kji\jzdnr (ppl. ^Ji^j zds-irdn),

A Jj^J
p
zd>il,

waning, declining, decaying; im-

whip, flog, flagellate to dash, fling, cast rap to attack to sting to strike up.
;

to

paired.

V jj zar, gold

money

in general.

i^}j

zdyinda or zdyanda, bringing forth

;

p jj zarr, gold,

productive

a mother

springing, flowing,
j

i^^kx^- jj zarri ja-^an, the purest kind of gold (such as was fonnerly
the Venetian ducat in Europe),

running (fountain or well)

nial.

unfailing, peren-

p Jj Jul jj zar-andud, overlaid with gold, gilded,

gilt.

P(^X-jU zdtldan, to bring forth; to procreate.

p

^j

zahdn

(pi.

^jVJ

zabd7ihd), tongue; lan-

p Cl-^j zarat, thy gold, p

guage, speech, dialect.

Jm

zard, yellow.

Fjjl

^jU'i

zahdn-dvar

(pi. j^^jjl

j^bj zabdn-

A cjj zar<^, sowing;

sown

field

^J^3 UJ

dvardn), eloquent, fluent.

p ^jijT
^_^l.'
;

zar^ u
of p p

tijurat,

farm and merchandise.

zaldn-dratl, eloquence, flow

Sm
(Jm

zark, hypocrisy, fraud, imposture.

language, fluency of tongue, readiness.

p sSiji jjbj zahun-lurida, tongue-tied, silent.

zurnl, visit

me

(fromj", zur, imp. of^lj

affix ij ni,

zdra, concave

J icdw, with the

ugly, plain,

me).

pjijJ ^b". zaldn-dardz, long-tongued;

p t^j^j^
^v)Vj sabdn-dardzl,

scold.

p p

(.tJ )j

zarin or zarrln, golden.

zisht,
;

length of tongue.

c:.^J
formed

ill-favoured,

de-

p ij\j\ zahdna, flame. p ^\jj zahdne, a tongue, a language.

c^::.**^^

odious, oftensive, disgusting.

p
<)to

tiVj

y>- c:..^J zisht-khu, of an odious temper.

pered fellow,

J zahdne
i.e.

ki ddsht, the language that

he

p 4_t^ l::.-wJ zisht-khu^e, a certain iU-tem-

possessed,

his

own

language, or dialect.
p

p c:.-^-i^J zalar-dast (pi. ^l::--; J^j zahar-dastdn), having the upper hand oppressive, vio;

p j \.::^J^j zisht-ru, ugly-faced,

^tj c:^-lj

zisht-run, ugliness of face.

zisht-ndmi, infamy. foulnoss
;

lent; oppressor.

lT u
L5
p
;

"J

fj^,j>j

zaharln, upper, superior.

zishtl, ugliness,

opprobrium,

p i3*)\ zabunl, meanness, baseness, vice, vileness, faultiness, wickedness, depravity.

reproach.

a^j

zakdt, alms, almsgiving.

zuldl, pure,

p _Yr3 2t bahri, for the sake of.

AP J^J
A <U
;

limpid,

wholesome water.
mistake.

^-.^-Ji zahib, currants, sun-raisins.

zallat, slip, fall, error,

; ;

^
p
(-_iSj zulf,
/;

60

'J

'J

curling lock of hair, ringlet.

bridled, or hal-

p ^JJ J^J zindik (pi.

fire- worshipper,

^U.;jJ

smizXdw), impious

%umma, (the camel) was

tered (pass.).

p i^J^j zang, rust,

az ma), from us, our.

U;

zi

ma

(for \^ j\

p p

(lx3j
ifJii

zangdr, verdigris; rust.

A
A

/l^J
i_^^*;

zimdm,

rein, bridle, halter.

^J
;

zang-khwurda, eaten up with

zamun, time, season, age.

j^-'rts?,

zamuna 7

c^ time of visiting (accus.).

'

^J-tf^

rust, corroded, rusty.

p |^$3

Zangl, Ethiopian, Ethiop.

The

sur-

p d^K^j zamuna, time; world.

name
bak,

of the family of Sangar or Salgar,

who
this

^ jjU; zamdne,
razm, the

a while, a little while.

established a dynasty under the title of Ata(g'.r.)

pyl.s'^j zamaMshar,

name of a town in Khwabirthplace of Abu '1 Kasim Mah-

There were two branches of

first

family, the

of

Persia, the second in Syria

which ruled at Shiraz in and Mesopotamia.

(rt.

mud, son of Omar, author of several works, particularly of a commentary on the Kur'an.
A
'ij^j

p Aij; zanand, they strike

jjJJ zadan).
!

zumrat, circle, assembly, crowd.

PjlJj

zinhdr,

beware

have a care
Zane, a wife
;

p (J,j zam, womanhood.

woman.

p ^^l^j^j zumurrudin, of emerald hue.

^\\^j zawdl, decline,

wane, setting, departure,

A Ltj^j zamzamat, speaking low, whispering, murmuring a musical manner of reading,

;

faU.

L^jj

zud, swift, quick; swiftly, soon, readily,

chant, concert.

quickly, speedily.
p
j.l:;uu,^j

zamistdn, winter.

VjjJjj zuttar, quicker, sooner, more speedy.

p t/<.^M zudl, speed, swiftness, quickness, suddenness.

A
p f

^^j

zaman, time, season.

zi

^j
^\

man

(for

j^ 2 man), from me.

;

) cT^V

zamin, earth, ground

landed property,

Pit)

estate, land.

power, force, violence, j^j j^Jijl zor dvardan, to bring violence, to press
zor, strength,

zan

(pi.

^\j\ zandn),

woman

wife.

\^

zan Mwdstan, to seek a

^J woman in

heavily.

p tj

jjj

zor-dzmd, strong, powerful, athletic

(j^^ ^jj saw kardan, to take a wife, marry, wed. >Xijji j ^J zan u
marriage, to court,
farzand, wife and child; wife and children.
j\L>j\i ^jj zani bdr-ddr, pregnant woman. A Pjv^JJ zambur, wasp, hornet, drone. (V^J

athlete.

p (^t*;!

.;

zor-dzmdte, an athlete

a certain

wrestler.

1^1

ijij

zor-dvar

(pi. ^^^j^

.^Jsor-avrtra) pos-

sessing or bringing strength; vigorous, powerful

;

zamhuram,
V

(I)

am

a wasp.

athlete.
!;

j^j
^l)

zanjlr or zinjir, chain, fetter,

zinjlri pdi, fetters.

p Jj^T

zor-dvartar, stronger.

jir^j
p
4_fijl
jjijjj

j)j zor-dvarl, vigour; combat, fight.

zaurak, pinnace, yawl,
skiff".

^^ J^isTj zanaMiddn,
<i:i-j^r>.

chin, lower

jaw

beard.

^\

zan-Miwdsta, married a wife.

p y^'^j}) zormand, robust, powerful, strong. p

^Si^j^

zormandl, strength, force, violence.

r j^^AJj zindun, prison, jail, lock-up.

Zormande, a strong powerful fellow.

p ^\j\ Zauzan,

p ci^-jJj

zindast, is living, survives (equiva-

name

of a city lying between

lent to e^-w;l xSJj zinda ast).

p ti^J*^! zindagdnl (or

living.

^^J^J

zindagl),

life,

Herat and Nishapur; also of an extensive district, dependant of Nishapur, and comprising 124 townships.
p
; %ih,

p iSJj zinda, living, alive

kardan, to animate, to

jji^^ !iS}\ zinda

alive.

bowstring.

^^^

aj zih

kardan, to

make

fix a bowstring, string (a

bow).

u V
A J\ij zuhhud (pi. of
JkA>lJ

61
p

eL
*-^J
zirak, quick, sagacious,

zuhid), religious

men,

shrewd, intel-

recluses, ascetics, devotees.

ligent, witty.

p .b>J zahdr, the lower part of the belly, the pubic region.

P <Sji,\ zlrakl, quickness, intelligence, sprightliness, wit, spirit, genius.

A JkJfej zuhd, abstinence, devotion

tification,

religious mor-

p (jri/J ziriw, lower, inferior, nether. p

(^"liAwJj

rigorous and severe.

zlstan, to live zi

to survive

living.

py^j
p

zahr, poison,

venom, bane.

Jj'ljf

Jfej

zahri

CS^j

yak

(for

CX) jl

az yak), of one.

kutil,
Sjlbj
i

deadly poison. p ^jij

z'ln,

than

this.

zahra, gall-bladder
;

boldness, spirit.

A i^^j Zainah, name of one of the numerous A

jlt

ziyddat (in p written both Cl^jUJ

2/-

wives of

Muhammad.
;

yddat and iOuJ ziydda)^ augmentation, increase

;

A <Cjj zlnat, ornament, decoration, gear

tractiveness.

at-

(used adjectively), additional, exp

cessive,much,more. ap^^J^^ iUjljj ziyddat

il\j.ij

protection J zinhdr, defence,

;

care, cau-

kardan (or

^>^J> crease,augment,raise,enhance. ^^j^jJ^

sS^;j ziydda kardan), to in*'^V.J

ziydda gardidan (j^Jw shudan ov ^^^:JL^ gashtan), to

{^'^^ j ^-*:!J zinhdr kardan, to be upon one's guai'd, to protect one's self.
! !

tion

beware

have a care

become

greater,

to increase,

grow,

Pj Vj ziwar, ornament.

wax
A

stronger.

^J-M^s*-

sS^j ziyada-hasam, extreme

comeli-

J
p A\j zhdla, hail. p *jJj' zhinda, old and patched (garment).
p

ness, exceeding beauty,

A sjoj
p alx-^l)
is

ziydrat, visit; visitation; pilgrimage.

J made;

ziydrat-gdh, place to
shrine.

which pilgrimage

^j
pant.

zhiydn, formidable, terrible, fierce, ram-

p (^l>j ziydn, loss; detriment, injury, harm,

hurt, mischief; decline, decay.

I-V,3

2!i or zeh,

ornament, beauty.
fair,

A ^,Lj

sabik, past, preceding,

prior,

former,

p LjJ zlld, beautiful,

elegant, graceful.

antecedent, bygone.

/Uj^l

(J^^
past.
;

sdhiku

'I

p (JU>J zlbak, quicksilver, mercury.

p ^^JumJ
suit;

zihldan, to adorn

to

become, beseem,

in^m, of former favours. ibLj sdhikat, (fem.) former,

UjLj sdtiran
be (or

to please, to be agreeable.
zaidl,

aJ Lj sdtir, veiling, concealing,hiding

thou
(ace.)
b'

concealer.
sdtiran,

A Jjj Zaid, a proper name. v^_^Si\

art (of) Zaid.

t_f^J j

Ja^T M
of

^ ^^

UjLj ^^ kun

^a

^mr
of

become

tliou) a concealer.

za?</z,

as long as thou art (a follower)

p j^:irs-L;

sdkhtan, to do,

form, make, build,

Amr, Bakr, and Zaid (names expressive

sir,

worldliness and secularity).

construct, contrive, perform, arrange ; to prepare, make ready; to do with, manage, make
shift; to

P^J

under,
ziri

beneath, below, down,

jj
p

be content; to agree, harmonize

to

^XL j\i
to be

counterfeit.

bar shudan, to be under a load,

<ib.>-l-.-

burdened.
ki,

sdkhta,

made

built; arranged, pre-

pared, got ready.

p <D \j\ zlrd

because that.
p ;Lj sdz, musical instrument.

P e:-^-J^J zir-dast (pi. ^,l::-jjyj zir-dastdn),

powerless
pressed.

under authority

A <uLj

sd:.at,

hour, moment.

inferior

op-

A i^irLs

sduite,

an hour, a while.
to the

PjUl

c:-^-jJ^

zirdast-dzdr, oppressor of the

A iXcLj sdctd, the arm from the wrist

elbow, fore-arm.

weak.

jJlzL; sudduhu, his arm.

iwj

62

r-"
addle-pated,

A jjLo sdk, Ihe leg.

A^jjL) sdkin (with tanwin for a cup-bearer.

(JLj

sdhiyun),

PjLuX-^ sabuk-sdr, light-headed, of weak intellect.

p

^ LuXws
I

sfl5M^--san, lightness.

A (JjLj
p

saX7, cup-bearer.

A J--~j
p

sabil, road, path,

way.

pa J.--.^ J bar

JLj

a^ (pi.

\^\^ salhd), year. commander.

sabili,

by way

of.

PjilLj sdldr, general, chief, leader,

(jbl-~j sipds,

thanks, thanksgiving,

A
p p

u^Ls
|JJLj
iiJLj

sdlik (p

pLj^uoLo

sdlikdn), travellers.

p iL-j sipdh, soldiery, army,

p
e^iU-j sipdhi, military, of the military order,
|j:iri-^jJl

sdlagi, (in

comp.) age.
age;
years, as

p -wj sipar, shield.

5d? (pi. I^JLj sdlahd),

j^

sipar an-

ddMitan, to throw
<dLs

^j

away

the shield, to give

^a?y sa/, five years old.

up the
V j\i

contest, to yield.

p JLjsc(?e,oneyear; a wholeyear; a ceitain year.

J*:.^

j^

sipar-bdz, (player with the shield),

i_J^

*"^'^

chand, several years.

^J^Lj
p

skilful warrior,

saZ(3 rfw,

a couple of years.

^^jt^

sipurdan, to entrust, consign, give up,

p (^yi-j sdliydn, years.

A.J\.^sditr, every; remainder, rest,
all,

surrender, resign,

p i^JJj
except, p

i^j^

siparl sJiudan, to be completed,

finished, spent, terminated, ended,

a:.>-~j

the other

the whole.
sipand, wild rue, the seed of

which

is

A JjLj
p ibLs
p

sd^tl,

asking

beggar, petitioner, suitor,

used by fumigation to counteract the evil eye.

p Lz.-^^
ast, is, (he, she, it) is.

supplicant.
sdi/a,

shade, shadow.
p ij\i^ sitdra, star.
in

'V.^ sdya-parvarda, nursed shade, delicately brought up.

is^j}j}

the
p ^Jjlij sitdndan, to take, receive, accept; to
seize, catch,

snatch

to exact, levy,

p j^jkJL; sundan, to grind, rub, triturate.

p

u'--J sahab,
<0ol

f^Juj

\:^ sitdyish,

praise,

laud

encomium

cause, reason, motive.

!
!

compliment,

fiattery.
;

holy God lo^-J subhdn alldh, God Most Holy God! God be praised! cOls^ j;>iJlxj J hakk suhhdnuhu

p 1^ JCwj sitadan, to take, accept p (jtJA-o siturdan, to shave, p

p
i

to take

away,

wa

taz&la',

God

the

J^-j siturda, shaved, shaven,

sitam, tyranny, oppression, outrage, in-

most Holy and the most High.

p Lwj sahz, green, verdant, fresh. p

*:ij

justice; deliberately, designedly, purposely.

ij^

sabza,
;

verdure, herbage;

green herb,

p iSiSAix^ sitam-dlda (pi.

^bjjj

,^u^

sitam-

potherb

sprouting or incipient beard.

A _*-j sab^, (fem.) seven.

The seven long

dldagdn), one oppression.

who has

seen or experienced

chapters of the Kur'an from Ijii bakrat to

V j\L*2,^ sitamgar (or iUi-: sHamgar), tyrannical

;

<Uy taubat.

pa_*j

L::-^iJ6

haft sabc^, seven

tyrant, oppi'essor.

of (or seventimes) these seven chapters.

p (J.>-j sabnk, light, not heavy. p lJlw) sabuk-bdr, light in weight;
lightly

p ^Ix/Cw-j sitamgdrl (or 4_c^C*i-j sitamgart),

tyranny, oppression, cruelty,

p ^-^o-j sitame, an act of oppression. p ^-^yi^ situdan, to praise, laud, p
.^M^j

loaded

ready to

rise

and

travel.

p LiLwj sabuk-pd, light-footed, light of foot. p ^jSzi.^ Sabuktagln,

sutur,

animal, beast of burden (as a

name of a brave general,

horse, mule, or the like).

and father of Sultan Mahmud, founder of the

dynastj' of the Ghaznavlds,

p ^jyi~j sutun, pillar, column,

p ij-:^ sutuh, tired, jaded,
fear, dread.

who

flourished

knocked up;

afflicted;

in the beginning of the eleventh century.

J^
pJ-ilj
sitez,

63

emulation, contention, strife; ob;

*'

suMane

or sukhnne, a word,

ir"^^

stinate,

contentious, quarrelsome

contend

thou, persist.

suTihune chand, a
;

few words.

p i^jj J^^ sitez-ru, of a quarrelsome countenance; brawling, contentious.

A S^ saddj obstruction mound, dike, bank, rampart.

(_yj Ju^ saddi
life.

ramah, sufficient to prepoint, end

p ij-i

serve
!

siteza, strife,

contention.
p -J sar, head,
top,

summit

tip,

p ^>X)\xx^ sitezidan, to contend, strive.

cover, lid; intention, design; desire, wish,

inclination, propensity; thought, idea, fancy;

A r--f^

saj<^

cooing of doves

rhyme, metre,

cadence.

source, spring chiefest, choicest

;

c^-wiJl; \

-s

A p c/*^ J'F*^

scj\-9^''->

speaker in rhythmical

sar angusht (pi. Xj^pJiSj]

tip

j^

sar angushthd),
sari khwesh,

sentences, or rounded periods.

of the finger.

^Jmj^^j^

A tVs-* A
jjj^j

suj'ud,
.

worship, adoration, prostration.

one's

own way

or will.

\j^f U^..^ j^
off.

j^Ls-* Sahhun bin Wd^il, name of

sar yhwesh giriftan, to depart, to be

l::-a^J sari dast,
tips of the
;

-j
-.j

an individual reputed to have been the most eloquent man that ever lived in Arabia.

fingers,

-s:**'

sahar, twilight,

dawn

of day, morning.

i^^S

sar Icardan, to break out

to burst (as a

p Aj-sr* c

^ mttrghi sahar, bird of the morn.

boil or

wound);

to

come to ahead. ^<xJlS

;

sar kashidan, to A i^jsr> sahar-gah {or ^J<S>\i>jSr'8aTiar-gaMn),

draw back the head

to dis-

obey, to become refractory; to end.

dawn, morn-tide.

r^ j^

A i^j^^
A
p
p
'Isr'

sahari, morning, matutinal.

as sar, from the beginning, de novo. j^^^J

Sahare,
finish.

j^

one morning, on a certain morning.

ha sar hurdan, to carry to an end, to complete,

saMdi

(or i^isr' saMiuwat), liberality,

A -J sirr

(pi.

of jU-jI asrdr), secret, mystery.

generosity.

A *\j^ sarrd^, an easy, happy condition (opposed

c:-.>.sr' salyht,
,}

hard, strong; painful, sore.

^j:^A'^ saMt-pai, of strong muscle,

musor

to ^\jJ> zarrd^).

cular.

A .^1^

sirdj,

lamp,

p Je:-^.s*^ saMttar, harder;

distressing.

more painful

d:5>-i--j

sardcha, inner apartment, or closet.

Jl>

<J->-1j

sardchan

dil,

purse of the heart,

^
"

sakhtl, hardness, adversity, hardship,

distress,

p aLstL.^ sar-anjdm, conclusion, termination,

ills,

agony

vehemence, severity

stinginess.

end; accomplishment; issue; materials, requisites, stores, provisions, furniture; whatever

F
is essential to

n^tS
ship.

ij^Lsr'

saMti-kasMda, endured hard-

any undertaking.

wo J^U-j

Sardndlh, Ceylon.

A ^jsr' suTchrat, one

who

is

compelled to labour.

p i^^r-j sardi, palace, house, inn, abode,

sion; (in comp.) playing; player

man-

APj^pj^ bjs:!*^. ha suUira giriftan, to take by force, employ enforced labour, press, impress.
p

on a musical

instrument.

^Sj

C.5U-! sardyidigar, the next

y;j^ suMxin or sukhan

(pi. l^^.s*-'

suJchnnhd

mansion,

i.e.

the other world.

^^L-j

J dar

or i^Jc^r^suJchanan), word, speech, discourse;

business, affair, matter, circumstance,
^J^-^y-J

sardi, in the house, at

home. home,
;

suUian paivastan, to

^^j^ connect or draw

F (^U-j sardie, a mansion, a house, a

p ^L>-jLj sardi-ldan, to sing, to warble

to

play

out a discourse.
p p

on an instrument,
p
.fjsXi

^j^ cT^
jj\ jkXs-'

suMan-chln, tale-bearer.
or ^^^^^^^s-' siiMangu,

-J sar-panjagl, strength of

fist,

grip.

suMan-ddn

F tL^o

-rf

sar-panja, nails, claws, open hand,

;

speaker, orator.

expanded fingers

the wrist.

64

J-j-^
ji --J

sar-tez,

hot-headed, headstrong.

,j

sarhangi,
,

official.

surM., red, crimson; blooming, blushing.

;

A Jsj^ sara' he travelled,

night (a defective verb).

visited, or

came by
Sare, a

p (J^ sard, cold, cool

F c:^A-:

extinct.

J^

sar-dast, tips of the fingers,

p cJ^-j sari, desire, longing,

wish.

^JxiJ

w-j sar%anish, rebuke, chiding, reproach,

head, one head

an

afi'ection.

taunt; chastisement.
p
<j:..-w^-j sirisht,

^j>,j^ sarlr, throne. p U-j sazd, punishment. p j^jU-j sazd war, worthy, deserving, meriting;
suitable.

nature, temperament, phy-

sical part

physics.

p is.j^ sur^t, speed, swiftness. p

(jii^

sar-Jcash,

headstrong, heady, refrac-

uii-AAu-j sust,
1.^:-^/*)

weak,

feeble, languid,

dead beat.

tory, rebellious.

pjjjb

sMs^-J2M,languid,weakinthearm.
sust-raghhat, of blunted pas-

Jf

jLu<^--j sar-kushdda,

having the table-cloth

pA

Ci.-N;ii L:i->Aw-j

spread,

sions, palled.
Icashi, refractoriness.

JL^j^ sar

^Uu^

sustl,
;

negligence,

sloth,

laxness, re-

viz^^jM
I*

sar-hofta, bruised in the head,

izj^j^

missness

gentleness.

it* sdr-hofta

maram,

am a crushed-headed

p Jua-j sisad, three hundred.

serpent.

A A A
;

k-; satwat, dominion,

;

majesty

force,

domi-

p d^j^ sirha, vinegar,

nation
i

bluster.

^Js^j^ sar-gardun, bewildered, giddy, dizzy,

vertiginous.

jlx-j sacddat, happiness, felicity.

djuo sa-^at or sit,at, liberality, facility,

wiJe-

p d:Jl^j^ sar-^s/i^fl, whirling round astonished

ness, amplitude.

dizzy;

afilicted.

Jix-j sad:,,

happiness
if

name

of the father of

p i^y^j^ sargln, dung,

io

j1

abu bakr.
tXx-j

A-j sa^uhu, his happiness

'(?

p ^j^ saram,

my

head,

A Lj jJI
pers,

sa-Jda

dunya\ the world pros-

p t*-.j sarmu, winter, cold, p <ttt*-<j sar-mdya, capital, stock-in-trade,

and

is

happy.

c:..-%*u.^

--:

sar-mast, intoxicated to the last

p ti'Ax-o Sa^di, Shaikh Muslihu 'd din Shirazi, the most celebrated of Persiiin writers, was born at Shiraz, a.h. 571, a.d. 1175.
p

degree, dead-drunk. p

b Ax-o

sa^^diyd (voc.case of j_^A*-j sat^dl,

name

c^/.AJ^
Ceylon.

sarandlb (or ^_^_jJ-<j sarandip),

of the poet),

SadT.

p jjj sarv, cypress.

,ut j_^^'r=*- yr^ sarvi

A^^
sac^y

sa-^j,

purpose, study, endeavour, effort,

.

Ichor d'

pains, labour, trouble, exertion

man, waving cypress.

pb

a ^^i-^S le*-*"

kardan,tostnye, to attempt, to endeavour.

-J sar

u pd head and
,

foot,

from head to foot.

A h&\Ju> safdhat, stupidity, folly.

p i^yj^ surod, song. p p

^jt^jt-J
c:->B.,.i

suft,

he bored

boring, piercing, per-

surodan, to sing, to warble.

forating.

p .^^ sarvar, head, chief, principal. p

p ^^iA^ suftan, to bore, pierce, perforate. p icJLM sufta, bored, pierced, perforated.
A^i-j
sfl/ffr,

taincy

<Jj^j^ sarvarl, chiefship, command, capempire, sovereignty, rule, sway.

;

journey, travel, voyage.

Apb
;

.J^i-j

p ilii^ sar u kdr, business, service. p Xj^ sara, current (as coin)
faultless.
;

safari daryd, sea- voyage.

good, worthy,

'ijL^ sufrat,

table

furnished table

tabletra-

cloth,

especially one of leather

which

p i^^J^Jbj^ sarliang, officer,

captain,

headman,

vellers spread on the ground.

A Pj_^oly ijk^

master; boatswain.

sufra nihudan, to spread a table.

>^
A7 aji^jL^
p
safar harda, having
travelled.
<)dx-j siila,

65
A

cS^
sultan, king, emperor,

made a journey;

jo^^^Jw-j

monarch.

A ^JILLj
mean, base, low, sorry.
asfal),

sultdnl, royalty, office or authority of

a king.

Sultune, an emperor, a monarch.

A ^cU-s sufa' (fem. of Ji~jl

ferior.

lower, in{i.e.

A iUlsLj saltanat, power,

dominion,

royalty.

jJ^

i^l yo^di

sufla\ the lower

AP juIsLj
A ^.LSLm
silk,

sa/^<i, of the kingdom

thou

art.

receiving) hand.
p Jui-j safed, white, fair.

thread, string, series, order, train,

connexion.

A *Lj salima, he was

A <Ui~j saflh, stupid, ignorant, insane,
foolish.
silly,

(or is) safe.

perfect,
;

A
;

j-Lo

sallm,

sound,

healthy

mild,

kLj

anything of a base nature abuse, rude reproach.

saTcat,

coarse

gentle, tame, pacific

simple.

A ^LJ>-j Sulaitndti, Solomon.

A
A
A

>.8'...t

saklm, sick, infirm,

ill

invalid.

*l/-<j

samds-, heaven, sky.

i^l-v-j

sukkdn, helm or rudder of a ship.

A i^Uw-j samdhat, beneficence, liberality.

A
l^l*.j

ci--%x-j sakatta,

thou art (or wert) silent (pret.

stimdt, table covered

with food.

of the verb cr^-s^ sakata).

V

A cUu^ samd^ (or ^1.4-j samdhat), hearing;

;

^L<j

siikunj,
;

one

who

has fetid breath

ul-

song or dance, especially the circular dance

of dervishes.

cerated

fetid breath.

Q jSu^ sikandar, Alexander.

A A

_.*-o

sam^, the ear.

Ltf*-*'

sam^,

my ear.
fern.)

^^^ sukun,
8ag (pi.
ictzdri,
<r^ii

i..:i-^js.4~j

tranquillity, rest, repose.

sami^t, she (or they irrational heard (3rd sing. fem. pret.).

P(.^^

j^ww sagdn),

dog.

t_?

)\iV

<^.^

dog of the bazar, a street-cur.

p JCw4mc samand, a horse of a noble breed, a bay horse with black legs and tail. A Ay*-^ samum, sultry sufibcating blast, destructive to travellers, simoom of the desert. A
(^;-./*~s

^lULi
p

i^Ji^ sagi shikari, hunting-dog.

thought, conjecture,
suspicion.

^y^

sigdl,

surmise.

samln,

fat, sleek,

plump.

Jl-} sage,

a dog, one dog.

^^li-j sindn, point of a javelin, spear-head.

;

A jj-j

sal,

ask thou (irregular imp. for

rt.

J \^\

p jj-i~j sumbul, hyacinth, spikenard

riferous flower.

any odo-

iss-al,

from

JLj

sw-ala,

he asked).

A
A

_^

^7a7^,

arms, accoutrements.

^J^^
fX^

saldtln (pi. of j^UaLj sultan), sultans,

emperors.
A
saldm, salutation, peace.
rest,

A d,:^ sunnat, rule, law, canon the traditions of Muhammad, considered by the orthodox Muslims as a supplement to the Kur'an, and of equal authority. They are rejected, bowever, by the Shiya or sect of All.
;

A <t*Lj saldmat, safety,

A jls^-j Sinjdr, narae of a city in

Mesopotamia.

peace, welfare,

well-being; sincerity, integrity.

'is~y\ as saldmat fi
solitude.
'I

^ <LLJ1
(is) in

p j^Jcj^sw sanjldan, to

weigh

to ponder.

wahdat, safety

p i^S-:^ sang, stone, rock; weight. ^Jj sang zadan, to pelt, to throw a stone. p
ir

t^i-j

^^^

saldme, a salutation, a salaam.

silahshor, a

j.ii- (.^.^i-j

sang-khurda, a bit or small piece

of stone.

p^^Ls'^

horseman that displays

p JjkXio

sang-dil,

(heart

of stone),

hard-

the throwing of the javelin, vaulting, and other dexterity on horseback; champion,

hearted, cruel, unfeeling.

p

swordsman.
A JLJg!
chain.
salsdl,

^LmLw-j

sangsarl, stoning, lapidation.

limpid water wavering like a

,<>^
j^t-.>i-j

sangl,

heaviness, weight.

Sange, a

rock, an individual stone.

p

U.>*J^ silsilat, chain, series.

sangln, of stone, heavy.

.1

06

A
F

ix-j sinnav/r, cat.

jji^wi ka sinnawrin, as a cat.

;

-)

SM, side,quarter, direction

towards,

p ,^^Aj~j suhdn (or i^*~; suhan), iron or for wood).

file,

rasp (for

ui'^**-

(jL^wuil ifl

suyi asmdn, in the direction of the

A i-fy^ siwa\ save, besides, except,

p

heavens, towards heaven.

kashtl,

^J^-^

<-0**''

*"^'

t/^

su, side, quarter; towards,

^l^-l l^^-j

towards the ship.

badness.
(pi.

suyi usmdn, towards heaven.

p i^
sih, three.

*j-! Mt, evil,

A (_^^}~j sawulik

of ijL'Lj suhikat), past

lil-/*^

pjb

iLj sih

bar (notlfc^b hdrhd), three times,

thrice.

events, things gone before,

iM^y^

sawiiliki ni^inat, former favours.

p (jii-i <Uj sih shash, three sixes (a throw at dice).

p S,^3^ sisad or sasad, three hundred.

iy\y^

sawud, blackness.

<5j-jl^

S\yM sawddu

irajhi,

blackness of face.
(pi. rj^j^y^

A (J^pj sahl, easy, not difficult, simple, trifling.

p j\y^ stiivdr

siiwdrdn), horseman,

A 'i^^

sahlati, easily

softly

may God

grant

rider; mounted.

(you) every facUity or convenience.

(I)

f*j^^

suwdram,

am

mounted.
Suwdre,

AP J Jl.^^

sahltar,

more

easy, easier.

stiivdrt, (thou) art mounted. {^J^y^ a mounted horseman, a sowar.

AP

5^ ti-v*^ A^7w, seeking to be smooth or easy, peacefully disposed, pacific, gentle.

J-ir**

A J^j-j sw-dl, question, inquiry; begging, mendicity.

A p i_i"^

sahl-gu, soft or fluent speaking.

p ^-.>-4..^ sahmgln, formidable, awful.

;:s>~y^ sokhtan, to burn,

consume.

p
p

^.^.-j

sahl, straight, erect, upright.

<Lj sih yak,

p dz:>~y^ sokhta, burned, consumed. p Jj-j sud, gain, profit, use.

|^::-i'

CX;

three aces (at dice).

J^

sud

A J-^^' suhail, the star Canopus.

p ^~!
si,

ddshtan, to aflbrd profit, to avail.

p \t^y^ saudd, melancholy, insanity, vain or in-

thirty.
;

sane procedure
p Jo.^ p

A .Uj saiydh, traveller, pilgrim

grinator.

great pere-

trade, traffic.

J^ sudmand, profitable, salutary, useful,

Sudan, to wear, rub, bray, deface,

A io-L-j siydhat, journey, travel; pilgrimage.

i^i^j-s

s-lL-j saiydhe, a traveller.

(^jU-i

shai-

p i^y^ suda, rubbed, worn, effaced, obliterated,

p p

t-fi-Jj-J

sude, a profit,

any

profit,

ydde, an impostor, would have been a better reading, as being more emphatic).

f-\jy^

surdTdi, hole, crevice.

'ijy^ sauraf,

power

(of kings or tyrants) des-

Sural, chapter of potism, despotic power. Kur'an (of which there are one hundred and
fourteen).

A iL-L-j siyusat, chastisement discretional punishment such as the law has not provided, but as may be inflicted by the judge administration of justice, government.
; ;

<)JjL-j

siydkat,

mode, manner,

style, fashion;

;-j soz,

burning, heat, flame.

subject, topic.

p ^^Jv-i sozdn, burning, flaming, blazing.

p

p iU-j siydh, black, sable, dark, opaque; negro,

Ethiop.
p *li iL-j s?yA-/aw, black-coloured, swarthy.

v-j

sozan, needle.

p |^4X)J^ sozldan, to

bum.
p
to swear.

i^S
^U-i

il-~j siyah-gosh, (black-ear),

lynx

the

p iXu^y^ saugand, oath, swearing. ^i^jy>. jo>i^

animal called the

p

lion's provider.

saugand khwurdan, to take oath,

A
\.,L^\y^

siydhl, black-servant,

negro

black-

sawwalat, she (or

it)

suggested evil or

ness, darkness, swarthiness.

Siydhe, a black,

fictions (3 per. sing. fem. pret. of jJj-j

2nd

a negro.
p i^-^w sih

form of the root JL.-, concave

p *y^ siwtim, third.

wdw).

(by some

seb), apple,

p ^cf:*-: sele, one apple, an apple.

; ;

67
A

i^X-i
healing, salutary, sanatory.

p iiyj siM, roasting-spit.

Jkl-; sail/id, lord.

*^-^^^

J>^f~J

saiyidu

7 amhiyu,

(J^ shaft, A^Li shdkir,

thanking, praising
(pi.

grateful.

lord of the prophets,

Miahammad.

JU

J-^

p J.i'Li) shdgird
dent, scholar,

^^J^ri-i shdgirddn), stu;

saiyidi ifilam, lord of the world.

pupil

apprentice

servant,

--o sfliV,

walking

(for

amusement), promeperusal
of

groom.
A

nading
Siyar
p

journeying;

a book.

aXL Shdm,

Syria,

and

its capital,

Damascus.

(pi.

of i--j slrat), morals, virtues,

habits, qualities.

A p ^L.^Li) shdmiydn, the inhabitants of Sham, the Syrians or Damascenes.

A

-^

ser, full, satiate, satisfied, sated,

glutted

^ LI sham, thing, affair, business

dition.

state, con-

tired,

wearied.

Sir, garlic.

ij^ slrat, virtue, moral quality, disposition way of life, mode, habit; history, memoir.
t_i-s salf,

p ^^Li shdn, nature, state, condition

regard,

respect;

pomp, splendour. (for^Ll^J eshdn)

p ijv*-* serl, fulness, satiety, repletion.

they, them,

sword, sabre.

i(Li

shah, king.
shdhid, mistress
;

A J-.-J p

sail, torrent, flood.

A&Ll

lover

a beautiful or

t_-'^L-s

sailab, flood, torrent, inundation.

beloved object; a witness.

V jMi jJSiLi shdhid-pisar, lovely boy.

A
p

X"^

saile,
sill,
cuff",

a torrent, a flood, an inundation.

iX^
ways,
|-j

blow with the open hand edgeslap,

A ^jjsLi shdhidl,

airs

insolence, indignation.

p iUlx^Li Shdh-ndma, (book of the kings), the

celebrated
p
Sim, silver.

poem

of Firdausl.

p ilAiJfeLi) shdhanshdh, king of kings. p U--J slmu, face, aspect, countenance, simili*"

tude, resemblance.

p i^^-2j shuhl, royalty.

|^j--4--j

slmln, of silver, silvery.

p <Li-jzw, breast, bosom, chest. p /*yy^ slwum, third.

p Jo Li shuyad, is fit, suited, or allowable; suits, is becoming, proper or worthy, behoveth it is possible, may be, perhaps, perchance.
p |^:uujL1 shdyistan, to suit, to be proper.

p <U-) styah, black, sable, jetty p

gloomy, sad.

iZM*i\Ji>

shdyista, worthy,

suitable, proper

Jj

<U-j siyah-dil, black-hearted.

promising.

p j^jk-jLi shuyldan, to be worthy.

p
v_^.,i)

shah (pi.

l^^

shahhd), night.

k_^Jj

,jj shahi kadr, night of

power, the 27th of

to

p jJj' ash, to or

of,

him, her,

it,

them.

<SjLi shubaha,
rt. a-.-i).

he resembled (3rd form of the

Eamazan, when the Kur'an is said been sent down from heaven.
A c_;L-i shabdb, youth, prime of
life.

have

A iLl shut, sheep, ewe.

sheep.

'i\Ji\\

ash shut, the

p (o^-> shubdn or shitbdn, shepherd.

p jijL-i shabdnroz, night and day.

p iUoL-l

p -iti shuMi, branch, bough.

p j^UtjLi shudmun, joyful, glad, joyous.

shahdnydh (or aDLJj shahdngah),

night-time, evening, even-tide, nightfall.

p iJLoLi shiidmunl, joyfulness, joy, rejoicing,

exultation.

Sj^^

shap-para, (night-flyer), bat, reremouse.

plil.l7ifli-M^s,rising at night, keeping vigils.

rejoicing, glee.

i_^jl-i)

shddi, joy, gladness,

A A

*-.. .1

shab^ov shiba^
shabi^a, he

satiety, pall.

^u^

iJ'^^ shddl hunun,

rejoicing.

_--i>

was

satiated, sated, glutted,

p ^Jl--1L,1 shdshldan, to stale, squirt urine.

he was (or

is) satisfied,

A^Li

shutir, bold, courageous, brisk, lively.

p ilCwi) shab-gdh, even-tide, evening, night-time.

A
(

68
A

^
(towards religion;

>^

shah-nam, night-moisture, dew.

shahali, glass-bead.

,J^j.i> sharhate, a draught.

A <U^

A -T-j^ sharaha, (God) opened the heart or dis-

p ijr-ij sAaJe, one night, a single night, a whole

posed the mind

optatively).

^used

night.

i,--i)

shapara or

ij^ shappara, bat, reremouse.

.-i>

sharza, fierce, enraged.

shart, condition,

A
p aJ^^^
blind.

bj^
<U3^

requirement

rule, re-

Hr^

shippara-cliashn, bat-eyed, purp

gulation.
s7Mr^, propitious,

favourable. d]sj^

jb

'l:;^ shitds-,

winter.

bddi shurta, favourable wind.

p cjIjJj shitab, haste, hurry,

p
|^ljl:;-ii

A
haste.

c^^

shar^, law, equity.

shar^l, legal, lawful.

shitdhun, one

who makes
haste.

A fc^j^
A
(

ilu.i shituftan, to

make

ijj^ sJiaraf, excellence,

nobUity, eminence,

vji^

shutur, camel,

pa

Jltf j:Jii

shuturi salih,

dignity, honour.

the camel which the prophet Salih is said to have brought out of a block of stone as a sign to the tribe of Thamiid. (Kur'an, ch. vii.)

1*^ sharm, shame.

stricken, abashed.

p aJJ^j^sharm-zada, struck with shame, shame-

p jb^2-i

sliuttir-har,

a camel's load.

p ^lj,i.i shuturidn, camel-man, camel-driver,

V j\jM^Ji) sharmsdr, ashamed, downcast. p i^j^M^^-L sharmsdrl,

face,

one

who

attends to a camel,

shame, confusion of

p li^^ji^ shutur-hacha, camel-colt.

being downcast or abashed.

A
iwcls*" shajd^at, valour, courage.
sJiaj'ar,

i^

sharah, avidity, appetite, greediness, cu-

pidity.
A-rS:*^
tree.

A Ii>

t-i

sharlf, noble, illustrious.

APtUs-*" sJiahna, superintendent of police.

A^jiLS'^shaMs, person, individual form, figure.
;

A iLS^J^ sharlk, partner, sharer.

p ijiMiJ:) shustan, to wash.

Ap

^.""g-*^
.i3.sr^

shaMsam,

my

person. person,

p jj^-1 shash, six.

sixes (sizes).

(ji-i

sih shash, three

shaJchse, a person, a single

one person, an individual, a certain person.

p jM^li shashum, sixth.

p

A J^Jwi shiddd
A

(pi.

of JoJ-w shadid), vehement,

c^-ii
ffy>^

shast, sixty.

violent, hard, severe, inexorable.

Ap
:f

shatranj, chess.

Jk.1 shiddat,

hardship, sufferings,

p jjtX-i shudan, to be, become, happen, befal

to go, depart, pass

i_..->Jti sJii'^,

path through mountains,

defile.

away
;

to enter.
;

A Jt-i shi<^, poetry, poesy.

JJb

shuda, become

hath or had become

A ^\j3J^

shiczMTds- (pi. of

xLi

shd^r), poets.

gone, departed.

SX^

shuda^e, one that hath

^li-i)

shifdi, convalescence, recovery,

a p U-i

become
p

turned into.

i^rylj shifd ydftan, to obtain a cure.

<ij>-

^XL

shude,

he would have become.

<);lA-i shifdi^aty

intercession.

what would have happened } i^xL cJii what harm would there have been ?
shude,

A iLti shafat or

shifat, lip.

*jU1

isJL shifatu
fast (apt to

A .^ sharr,
ness.

evil,

malignity, depravity, wicked-

's suiim, the lip of one keeping a be flabby and withered).

A <^]y.i> shardh, wine.

A ijjL
shwrhat, one drink, one sip,
;

A aii-i shafakat, sympathy.

a single A %-Jl^
j^Jtjl
as)
s7;/^j^,

pity, clemency,

compassion,

advocate, intercessor. AP_-i.i

draught
A
i::^J-i)

beverage, syrup, sherbet.

shafi^ dvardan, to bring (or invoke

sharahtu, I drank.

an intercessor.

jiLit

69

cr;

SyJLi)

shukuJc (pl.of JLi s/iflM), chinks, cracks.

shaklc,

p (^jXsxi shiguftan, to admire to bloom, blossom, p tijy^ shigufa, blossom, bud. p *iLii shalgham, turnip. p LJj shumd, (pron. 2 per. pi.), ye, you.

A cLXi

doubt, scepticism.

p ifir,lLi shikdr-gdh, hunting-ground, gamepreserve, chase or ground stored with such beasts as are hunted.

p ^J^Jii
prey.

shikari, suited to the chase

game,

i;

l^ shamdtat, delight at another's woe, joy

an enemy.
rozi shumdr,

at the misfortunes of

^Cjll-i i^jt-o sagi shikari, hunting-

p jU-i shumdr, (iraper.) count, reckon, esteem.

dog, hound.

^iil^

jUji
shikaftan, to split.

Jjj^

day of reckoning,

AZ)ULisA^ay^,complaint,grieTance. Pc: jIx-1

p jj jjjUJj shumdridan, to count, esteem,reckon.

(^J^ shikdyat kardan

A

(or ^jiJy' dvardan), to

A JjUJj shamdiil

(pi.

of

JU-i

shimdV), vir-

complain, to lodge a complaint.

tues, talents, qualities.

iw

shukr,

returning thanks, thanksgiving.

to return
to

^1jU.<J> shamas-ill, physical.

particle, whifi".

AP|^Jj^J6 iLi shukr guzdrdan,

thanks,

A <UJi shammat, atom,

p

^i^i^jo
a

iLi>

sAwir guzdshtan,

^ J^^
rate.

shumurdan, to count, reckon, enume-

return thanks,

t::-^.4JsJ

iLi shukri ni^mat,

thanks for favours and benefits received.

K^j,*..^ shams, (fem.) sun. ^^.JJ^ ^ju.AJ:i shamsu

^d

|iLi shukran,
thankfully.

(ace.) thanks,

thanksgiving;

dm, (sun

of religion), a proper name.

p -A*Jj shamsMr, sword, cimeter.

A.S^
p

shakar, sugar.

A j-4-i sham^, waxlight, candle,

sweetly-smiling.

taper.

sx.^Jjii shakar-Manda,
(_fX-i> shukre,

j^J-*4-i)
isli.i)

sJianndan, to scent, to smell.

one act of praise, a giving of

shundt, (pi. of J^-i shdni), haters.

thanks. p c:^^*yiLi shikast, he broke

;

p L::^ri-U.i shtndkht, knowledge.

breaking, fracture,
p
to break.
j_^^j:i:>-lxi

breakage.

shindkkfan, to

know;

to recognise,

Xi shikast an,
p
dii.

acknowledge, consider, regard.

A cUi.i shun^at, turpitude, brutality. p (__i$Owi) shangarf, cinnabar, vermilion. p

kJLl shikasta (pi. ^Ixii-uJLi) shikastagdn),

;

broken, shattered

sprained, dislocated

im-

paired, enfeebled, weakened.

L^

shinav (imp. of ^i^yJ^ shinudaii), hear.

;

A jXjj

shakl, figure, form.

p *iLi) shikam, stomach, belly, paunch, bowels

p ^^y-J^ shinudan, to hear

;

to

understand

to

womb.
p

obey,

*Xj AJj
*Li

shikam-handa, slave to appetite.

p (*yJ^ shinavam, I

may
;

hear,

p JijJ

shikam-dard, belly-ache, gripes.

p p

Jui^

shanld, he heard

hearing,

p <5.^uLi) shikanja, stocks, rack. A jjx.i> shakur, thankful, grateful. shakur, the thankful.

gX>:<.v^..l

shanldasti, thou heardest.

to hear
;

j^LilW ash

c
p i

^ shamdan,

to hearken, listen
;

to hear of, about, concerning

to perceive,

p ^--^Li) shiklhe, a particle or atom of patience. p |^Ju--iLl shiklhldan, to be patient

witliout, to dispense with.
;

smell, scent.
i

shanida-e, thou hast heard.

to

do
A
p
-,.;

shanty, base, odious, disgusting,

t.:^.^ix-l

shiguft,

astonishment, amazement,

y^

shav, be, or

become thou (rt. ^^'^ shudan).

surprise.

^j^V*! (j>%fi>-i shiguft

c::>>m.';,bC^

dmadan,
(

to

Shu, husband; wash thou (rt.^i*-l shustan).

It is also written

be astonished.
t.::...,-jl

shiguftast

for

^^

i:xa.-^ shigufta ast),

hath blossomed.

shokh, saucy, insolent, playful, arch.

zP-

trr (vu.^

70
A

-t^
s-

shokh-chashm, saucy-eyed, impu-

^-i shaiM,
ahu

venerable or learned man, doctor.

dent, wanton,

lt

-i^-i)

sJwUi-chashmt, sauciness, petu-

U faraj shamsu

'd din bin j'auzT,

tlic

name

of

lance, insolence.

p a Jo J j.yti sholxhdlda, wanton-eyed, saucy;

a celebrated preacher of and Sadi's master. He

sect of

Hanbal,

was born a.h. 510,

and died a.h. 597.

p
jL-ij

hussey.
p

sJiaid,

deceit,

fraud, trick, hypocrisy.

^^y^
iJj-i>

shoMl, petulance, presumption, pert-

^
p V

Ju..i shaidl, (thou) art (a

mass of) hypocrisy,

ness, sauciness.

shavad,

would be or become

(rt.

^Xti).

p \j>^ shaidu, distractedly in love, insane,

--l shir,

milk.

Sher, lion.
capital of Fars, or

rj4^

shor, noise; perturbation, disquiet,

;

com-

motion, disturbance, emotion brackish; bad luck.

salt,

saline,

\\j^ Shlruz, name of the

Persia Proper.

p c:^a<^i-i shor-laJdd, ill-fated, unfortunate, p

p^\\j^

shirdzi, native or inhabitant of Shiraz.

iA.(^

shorish, distraction, confusion of mind

p Jy4yJi) sher-mard (j)l.^\,^j^j^ sher-marddn), (lion-man), bold, brave.

tumult,
p Sjyt) shora, nitre, saltpetre
;

salsuginous.

i^i^ytj^

sher-mardl, (thou) art a brave lad.

*^ Sj^

shora-hum,

salt,

brackish ground,

p tJ>-i> sherl, leonine, lion-like.

p

p i^jy^ shore, a crazy passion, insane delusion, p p

M^

r^*>'

shlrln, sweet.

^^jyL shoridan, to be confounded, distracted.

iJkjj4-i

p ^[}j ^.t-^r^ shirln-zahdn, sweet-tongued.

p^JiIjJ
,j

shorida, distracted,
;

disturbed, per-

--i)s7j!nw-zaia?I,

sweetness of speech.

turbed, disquieted

mad, crazy, enthusiast.

p >.-^\ p

i^\r^

shlrln-lah, sweet-lipped.
;

cLij-i)

skaukat,

pomp, splendour, grandeur,

husband.
Shu, husband.
>^ly^ shuyad,

e^,r-^ shirlni, sweetness

a sweetmeat.

magnificence.

p iJL^.^ shlsha, glass.

p Jb^^

shaulia)',

p^

<)L5*--i)

shlshagar, glass-blower.
|^lli--ii.n

p t^-i shavl, thou becomest.

A (^Ua-Jj shaitun, Satan.

the devil.
p iyJii shiva,

ash shaitdn,

/J j-^

shuyam, I would wash.

(rt. j^j^u^wl

he washes
p
<L2>

shustan).

elegance,

grace,

blandishment,
living.

coquetry
shah, king.

habit, custom,

manner of

A Ul^ shaitan, a thing (ace).

A X^^^ shahd, honey.

'Sj^

shahr, city, town.

p ^%f\J^ Shah-ravu, name of a certain despotic monarch, who forced leathern money to be

A jL? sdhir, patient. A k.^*-l*5 sahib,

master,

received as coin of the realm in his kingdom.

owner,
^;^
J^-^
<

pro])rietor,

i^j^

shahre, a certain city.

possessor, possessed of.

^^ Us sdhibi

p jl)

H^

shahr-ydr, (friend of the city) king.

(fit

dlwdn, superintendent of finance.

k 'jy^AJ

V J\yt^J^ shahwdr,

for a king), royal.

^~\^

sdhib-tamlz,

man

of discern-

A iyf^ shahwat, lust.

ment; discerning,

discerner.

l-Jj shais-an (ace. of

-i

shaii), thing.

A p

lJJ^

u^^ns^Lj sdhib-tamlzl, (thou) art a

man
A 0^-i shaiyud, impostor.

of discernment.

A j^^LJj shaydtln
devils,

(pi.

of (^U2--i shaitun),

A J t>5^ i_^i>- Lp suhib-jamdl (p pi. ^^1' t^sa^- Ls sdhib-jamuldn), beautiful, comely.

demons,
sliaih,

Ap

J J i_^-Ls sahih-dil

(pi.

^^,1'

J u-^v-L) sdof piety.

A t

-^j**)

hoariness.

hib-dilun), spiritual, pious;

man

.u
A L) J
(^,,>=^Ui sahib-dmiya',

71
p

L.
sad, a

wealthy.

Jutf

hundred.

A (.^uJjJk-jwLs suhib-daulat, wealthy. A e:.j^ J i^-o-Ltf

ligent.
sCihib-firusat,

A ^\ S<a saduk, marriage-settlement

made by a

shrewd, intelp

husband on the wife,

<--'Ij
>>?

sad bub, a hundred chapters.

KVJ.Jb

'iwLj suJii'b-hunar, skilful.

(^' J>^->-

Jus sad chatiddn, a

hundred times as

(.:i-%>-l.tf

suhat, she (or it) cried out, or

(pret. fern,

would
ye).
;

much.
AjJu?
p
sadr, breast, chest; chief seat,

have cried aloud

concave

A J jL? sddir, issuing, proceeding, going forth

issued, passed, emanated,

JLj

Ju? sad sal, a

sadaf,

hundred years, a century.

ap
to

^'^ jjL
;

sd-

i__JJk.?

shell; oyster-shell.
;

dir shudan, to originate

go out

to escape.

J5 Jus sidk, truth, veracity

sincerity.
'I c.az!/w,

o*^^
^rLtf

sddik, true, just, sincere.

A *^iii
great good, just,

^1 JjJ^

sadaka 'llahu

the

A ^Ltf
A

sdfl, pure, sincere; candid.

God spoke true.

offering, sa-

sdlih (r pi;

^Is I*? d?7dw),

name

A^Jctf sadkat, alms; propitiatory

crifice.

pious, virtuous

of a prophet who was sent on a mission to the people of the tribe of

i^Xa
(_J-5u

sadmat, percussion, collision, shock.

;

thamud, but they hamstrung the camel, which he, iu proof of liis mission, had miPerraculously brought out of the rock. sisting in their unbelief they were slain by the angel Gabriel.
i^jAJ

A (JjS^ sadik, sincere, true, just

a true friend.

siddlk (r pi.

^^liij

A.* sidd'ikdn), faithful

witness to the truth (epithet of Joseph,

Abu-

bakr and Abraham).

A
'ij>a

A li-'La sdlihan, a good action; virtuously.

surrat, a purse filled

sarf,

with gold or
a p

silver.
(__i.tf

A j^^'Ls

sdlihe, a certain pious

;

man.
fasts, faster.

A IJ;-tf
ijji-i>

changed

expenditure,

A *jl^ sdtim, fasting

AUrfi
srt5',

one

who

sarf shudan, to be spent.

l^>^J>

t^j*

zephyr, gentle breeze. Saba^ or siba'

sarf kardan, to spend, expend.

boyishness.

t_^outf sai.b, hard, rough, difiicult, troublesome.

saff,

B-L-tf

sabdh, morning.

^^^^

/J-c

^la

'

rank,

file,

row, line, series,

saf,

p a iJ
form,

sabdh, in the morning.

A
A

i!=^L<9

sabdhat, beauty, elegance.

class,

J^l dar avval rank, or row.

in

the

first

.j^-tf stibh,

morning.
a p

'Litf safds.,

A -s sabr, patience,
to

^>^j>j^
wait
;

sabr kardan,
to

have

patience,

to

abstain.

purity. \LA\ ^^y>-\ ilJiwdnu 'a brethren of purity, name of a society safd, of learned men, founded at Bassora towards the close of the fourth century of the Hijra.

j^'i fa sabrun, patience then.

sabir or sabr, aloes.

p ^^UlLs

Sifdhun

(for

^UjLL?^ Isfdhdn), the

-tf

capital of Persian Irak (the ancient Parthia).

A -^y^ sabuh,

dawn

a morning-draught.

A
A

jJlLtf safds-i, purity; exhilaration, recreation.

Aji^*^ sabur, patient.

ik^

A cSjyf^
A
A

saburl, patience.

sifat (p pi. ^:ii-9 sifathd), quality, property, attribute ; form, mode, manner ; (in

<U:f=^ suhbat, society,

company, companionA

comp.)
if

like,

ap

c:-%Atf J& Jiar sifat,

any how.

ship, fellowship, friendship.

<ts.**

i-tf

safwat, purity.
;

sihhat,

good health, soundness.

p "ha said, invitation

'l^pS** sahrdi, desert, wilderness.

a proclamation either for giving food to the poor, or for selling anything.
firmness,
severity,

A fjj^^ sahn, courtyard, area.

p

A iSLa saluhat, hardness;

ijS^ saMra, name of an

evil genius

which

violence

majesty, awe, dignity.

attempted to steal the ring of Solomon. was a prodigy of ugliness.)

(He

JLa

saidh, rectitude, probity, honesty, virtue;

;

well-being, welfare, prosperity; peace advice.

; ;

iU
A A

72

V
cable.

iUs-^

saluhiyai, integrity, honesty, probity;

J U-

'---V>^

surati hdl, state of the

devotion, piety.
-tf*^ 8ulh,

case, statement of circumstances,

''^jy^

peace, reconciliation, pacification,

truce.

^^-^^ sural u

mazna\ body and

spirit;

matter

harmony, compact,
A

and mind;
salih), just, pious.

semblance and reality.

Jlc

*ls^

sulahas. (pi, of

J La

<-^jj^ cfilami sural, the visible or external

world, p A

A Jj.^ said or sild, hard, solid, strong, smooth and bare. (The text reads salad). A
**Ltf>

dJjy^

ha sural, to outward ap-

pearance, ostensibly.

saham
tULc

(a
<UJ'

contraction
jjuis
srt^/a'

of the phrase
llah ^laihi

P (_^^ suft

(pi.

^Li^

sufiynn), wise, pious

\.j

wa

sallama, q.v.

A
A

\yi.^ sallu

(2 per. pi. imp. of pray ye, invoke ye blessings.

/X^

salla'),

a religious order among the Persians, who led a more regular and contemplative life than the common dervishes. p

i^y^

sujiye,

a certain Soofy.

CLJl^jLtf

salawdt

(pi. of iA-tf salut)

benedictions.

A 'ilya

saulat, fury, ferocity, fierceness, severity,

A iJLc sa?d^
blessing.

(pi. Cl^ljLtf

salawdt), compassion,

rigour, violence.

mercy from God, the divine benediction and

A (Js J
lama,
<^i.c

A A
A

j'u-tf

saiydd (p pi. ^^JU-^ saiydddn), huntsman, hunter; fowler; fisherman.

fame, renown.

^\ ls^

sflZ^a'

^?aA calaihiwa sal-

1-::-^^ sU,
4>,-s

may God

be propitious unto him, and

{Obs. ^i-^s salla' and Jij

said,

game, prey, chase, a p

^^S

^^^

preserve (him).

said kardan, to hunt.

sallama are the 3rd persons sing. pret. of the

^ o" A--tf
A
L-g...-^

saide,

some game, a piece of game, a

2nd form of conjug. of the roots L^ and *Lj employed in an optative or benedictive sense).
A
^$

head of game.
saif,

summer,

May and June, the

hotter

sM/ww
*-<9

(pi.

of

*-tf

?),

deaf persons.
(a

months being
A
iJiu-tf saikal,

called li-j kaiz.

;

*x)

summun huhnun, deaf (and) dumb

polishing, furbishing

furbish-

Kuranic phrase).
A
*--4-<s

ing instrument.

samlm, sincere, pure, genuine.

ointment; san-

JjkJ-tf sandal, sandal- wood or

dal-poNvder mixed with rose-water (used as a liniment for the head and feet in cases of violent head- ache and fever).

A (-_icLj zd-.afa (pret. of the 3rd form of the

rt. (^_*-tf
,

used optatively),

may He

double

or multiply twofold.

Zd^f, (imp.).

^^Ja.rfi snc?uX", chest, coffer, ark.

AP)r |j.JCw.j>

A^Ls
A \x^ A

%dii<^,

wasting, wasted; wandering, lost

sanduM gor, sarcophagus.

A A
_i.tf
<U;*-tf

erred, strayed.
%aht,
;

san<j^

or suyi<^

make, creation, work.

holding

fast,

securing, containing,

san^t, profession, craft, trade, art.

;

retaining
ijs**

confiscation.

A *i*s sanam, image, idol

mistress, beloved one.

%ajur, peevish, pettish, fretful, repining.

<--'^*-tf

saivdb,

rectitude,
;

reason,

propriety,

good sense, soundness

meritorious action,

whatever

is right.

lk>- b <--j\^ sawdh yd

'khata\ right or

wrong.

A CLJj*? saut, clamour, sound, voice, noise.

A ^jy^ sural, shape, form, figure, appearance,
aspect, likeness, effigy,

A cJls.-* Zahhdk, name of a prince of Arabian origin, and usurper of the throne of Persia from Jamshed the fourth king of the first or Peshdadian dynasty. He was noted for his cruelty but was overthrown by Faridun, a descendant of Tahmurath, predecessor of Jamshed.
;

a p
;

^^j;i*uJ

'-^jyo

A Jus zidd, contrary, opposite

A
*!-

enemy,

rival.

sural hastan, to assume a form

to be supposed,

zarrdt,

adversity, misfortune, affliction

imagined, conceived, conceivable or practi-

(opposed to ^\j^ sarrdi).

-y
A

73

:>
^dZij.,

t_^
/iflJiJ,

zarh, blow.

^1

-y

zr5e<

A jJlL)

arising;

fortune;

the star of

a lover's blow, stroke from a friend.

1

one's nativity.

A i~Jj*o zaraba, he struck.

Jr

>>r!

J ^-r^ zarala

(jyjjll? tds-us,

peacock.
tds-us-zlbe,

zaidun ^amran, Zaid struck

Amr.

A p ^cr^j (jwjj^

peacock-decorator.

&jjJ> zarbat,

a blow, one blow.

-x'-v

AP
A

e-j^U? tds-usl,

belonging to a peacock; made

A ij^ .-tf zarurat, need, force, necessity.

ha zarurat, perforce.

of peacock's feathers (as a fan).

Jillr tdhir,

pure.
flier,

\J,jjj^ zarurate,

an urgent need, a pressing

necessity.
-'^ji,j^

A JU? tditr, flying; thing that flies. A

tUjlls tditfat,

a i^jU?

tdtire,

any

zarlr, blind.

A >_;,t^ zMt/, feebleness, weakness. A

c-g**..-^ zrtcl/

troop, battalion

company, party band, train, gang sect, denomination

;
; ; ;

feeble

infinn,

(p pi. ^U-jcn* zrtcz/aw), weak, weakly thin, spare, slender.

;

class, clique, coterie.

cLL

tibd^, nature,

temperament, disposition.
slap,

A p aIju^

\-*''

za^f-anddm, slender-bodied.
in

p iLsrUL tabdncha (or ^stLJ? tabdnja),

JU.

t__i-Jt-i

zc.!/ Ad^,

a weakly state;

blow, buffet,

cuff.

in slender circumstances.

A j_J? tab^, nature, temperament.

PA_-.l?jl5>-

A iJifJi^
A

zj_J/<?,

weak man.
erroneousness, ruin.

ckdrtab^, four humours, elementaiy qualities,

or complexions (which are found in man).

i\\j) zalalat, error,

A.i.AJ)

zammat

( ' ),

the vowel-mark for

";

A (jJ^ tabah, dish, tray platform.

storey of a house, flat;

whiskers.
.\

-yW

A ^JiAs
A
(J-i?

tabake,

an entire tray, a whole salver.

zamlr, mind, conscience, thought, sense,

tabl,

comprehension.
A (jtr*-^ zamln, surety, sponsor, security, bail. A

drum.

A iLLL tablat, large wooden dish in which fruits

or perfumes are exposed, tray.

tXyi

za igh am, lion.

A j^L4--.i zaimuran, a species of fragrant herb.

A u_^--l5 A
'*^-Ji'

tabib, physician, doctor,

medical man.

tabliat, natural habit, disposition, state

of

body or mind.
\.'<mJ

A r
A A
ilL

U^

-X^^^ h tabii.at-shinds,
skilful physician.

knowing the

tdram, vault of heaven.

a Vf^Ju:uz^ tdcatash,

temperament;

A A^IL ^ac.a<, obedience,

his obedience
;

A (juu^jy? tardbulus (or

the city of Tripoli.
/Li

^^^ugJjUW tarabulus),

obedience to Him.

(j^jLl^ tardbulusi
it

^J^^

td-.m (p pi. ijlirll? td-Jnun) reviling;

shdm, Tripoli in Syria, to distinguish

from

reviler, gainsayer.

i<^ man

^d^I.leader of rebels, violent refractory

;

c__j^ fj^^\Ja tardbulusi gharb, Tripoli in Barbary.

A
iljlj

to the

tyrant (applied by the Muhammadans Greek emperors of Byzantium or Con-

^^rdr(ppl. (^\;U^ ^arrdrdw), cutpurse.

tarab, mirth, hilarity
iC'^0'^'C''>^9^>
;

stantinople).

^Jo

excitement.
mirth-exciting;

A jU? tdk, portico, cupola, dome.

AP jJo^ '-r^
moving, A

^U?

tdkat, strength, power, ability; strength

affecting.

to bear,

power of endurance.
he (or
it)

Jo

tarh,
;

manner, mode position, establish;

A JIL
pret.

tdla,

was

(or is) long (3 per.

ment
(that
price.

fixing or laying the foundation of an

concave J wdio).
tdlib,

edifice,
is,

ap
to

(J->

w <rj^,
to
-r-Jis

ba tarh dddan,to give

A ^^!IL>

asking, seeking, desirous, urgent,

;

compel

purchase) at a fixed

pressing, anxious to obtain, craving

candi-

^^'^'^
;

tarh figandan, to lay a

date; lover.

foundation

to practise.

10

^>
A u-Jia twraf, direction, part,
side, quarter.

74

^
till,

A jjy?

length.

j)Jts

tarafe, a portion, a part

tariTc,

^
.

b tawela, tether, stable, stall.

way, road

rite, profession, sect.

A 'i\j}s tahdrat, purification, ablution, purity,

cleanness, sanctity.

PA

(JJ_,hj ha tariki (or

of.

(Jjja J bar tarihi),

A

by way
A IajJ?
A

^Jb

tlh,

good,

excellence,

deliciousness.

tarilcan, as to

the road (adverbially).

of living,

jjwij
&.\i>i\
;

k--laJ

hi tihi nafs,

with a willing mind.

J?

tarikat,

mode

way

of life

k^-is tthu'l (properly k-^ J* taiyihu 7)

religious order,

p a ^.:L^hJa -o plri tarikat,

add, melodious, musical.

APj-i.^1 w_--l? ^!J-d(?z,

superior of an order or sect, prior, abbot.

blended with sweetness.

;

A
A

JLi Ja tarike,
4,\ji^

a way, one way,

some way.

A iU-lb tihat, being good or sweet A p 'j^\

ness,

sweetness.

taz.um

(p pi. ^^1*1?

ta-.umhd), meat,

^*^
V

tlhat-dmez,

imbued with goodsweetness of in-

food, meal, viands, victuals.

mingled with sweetness.

^n^ tucmat,
jeer,

meat, food

dinner, meal

bait.

^ti.sir'

^^

tlh lahjate, a

A i^xb ta<M (or icj^ ta^nat), blame, reproach,

gibe,

tonation, melodiousness of voice.

banter, taunt, sarcasm, censure.

A -i? A

tair, bird.

A p 1^ J) ^*ls
V i^lj; A
cLjels
tifl,

ta^a

zadan, to cast reflections.

^j^
{j!!j->^

tayardn, flying, flight.

tairat, levity
taish,
taif,

ta<^a-zanan, jeering, sneering.

A ijAs A

of mind, frivolity,

fit.

JiL

child, infant.

inconstancy, levity, folly.

form, spectre, apparition.

A jJil?
A
p
^-l^ftL'

tifll,

childhood.

Tifle,

a mere child.

A L-jLl?

tufullyat, childhood, infancy.

'Vb tild,

gold, gilding

pure gold

gold fringe

or wire.

A JUj zdlim (p

pi. j_^l^lls

zdlimdn), cruel, un-

r^

taluk, divorce.
talah, inquiry, requisition
;
; ;

just, iniquitous, oppressive; oppressor, tyrant.

A w^^lL

claim, de-

A jff^^ zdlime, a tyrant, a certain tyrant.

A
J^ll5 zdhir,

mand pursuit, search, quest invitation AP^t>^ -U? talah kardan, to demand, reI

outward, exterior;

clear, evident,

plain, obvious, apparent, manifest.

-fell?

pAiJj^

;\

quire to seek, look for.

;

summon,

call for

to expect,

az ruyi zdhtr, from outward appearance.

A p ilxAL talahgur, one

p j^Ju-ll?

who

requires

suitor,

A ijLlj zardfat, ingenuity, dexterity; address;

wit, facctiousness, jocoseness, jocularity.

talhidan,

to

seek (a Persian verb A I2J Jo zarif{v

clever, witty
;

coined from the Arabic). A iUlL tal^at, aspect, countenance.

A _/!? tama-,, covetousness, desire, greediness,

pi. i^\JL\Jis zarlfdn),

ingenious,

man

of wit and genius, wit.

A il? zafar, conquest, victory, triumph,

A Jia
zill,

shadow.

m\

Jij

zillu' lldh,

shadow

cupidity.

AP^^i-llj

_/l5 tarn a ^dashtan, to

of God.

covet; to expect.
A.

A Jii

zulm,

tyranny,

oppression

injustice,

\u\s

tanz, sneer, sarcasm,

mockery.

wrong, iniquity.
Sinai.
A Cl-'t*)!?
ti.y.lli)

A jls tur, mountain, especially

mount

zulmdt, zulamdt, or zidumdt (pi. of

A (J?^' tutl, parrot.

A c
!?

zulmat or zultimat), darknesses.

zulmat,

tau^, obedience, voluntary submission.

il^ilj

darkness, obscurity

dark

A lao ^ u:b tauiun wa karlian, nolens volens, willingly and unwillingly.

A lo^)^ tujun, flood, deluge.

region at the world's end, where the fountain of life is imagined to exist.
A /Ab zalum, most cruel, tyrannical, unjust,
oppressive, iniquitous or nefarious.

^
A *j^o
tints.,

75

J*-u:

thirst.

sural, visible or external world.

sainds.), thirstiness.
;

|-ix.JU

A ui? %amat (or

*l^

^dhmi ma-.na'

invisible or spiritual world.

J^

zann, opinion, thought, idea

suspicion.

A Jlc ^litn (ppl. i^tJU zMlimdn), learaed,

wise.

ijls ,M-****-

^?ww zrtWM,

favorable

opinion.

^.^Ji^\

JU
;

(jilimu

ffh aib,

knower

^iii

^^j**s>-

Awsni zanne, the good opinion.

of secret things

omniscient.

A^Jji zaAr, back, outside.

A p i^^j\

Jlc

iM.lam-drui, world -adorning.

A^^i?

zaAir, backer, supporter; protector.

V ,vJlc idlami

(pl.^wJlc

uilamii/dn), a man,

an inhabitant of the world, a mortal; worldlyminded, worldling.

A
A
Si\s. iXihid{vTp\.

^^ Ic

^dlame, a world,a whole world,

crdlime,

^yAc
;

^'ihidun),

worshipper

a learned man. A ^<5l^ lall, high, exalted.

A *lc

(of
A p

God

or idols)

religious recluse, devotee

i^ji J^^
c-H/Vz,

(.dbid-farlhe, a hermit-seducer.

lh/m (more correctly

/Ic

uimm), com-

A
A

_lc
>-lc

mon, vulgar, public, general, common people.

^a/, ivory, elephant's tusk.

jj^lc
tical,

^dviil,

maker, doer, performer; prac;

weak, impotent,

feeble,

unable,

active; collector of revenue

(in

gram-

incapable, hard pressed, at bay.

J^ls

(-ojil,

transitory,
life).

fragile,

fleeting

(hence, the present

A jj'x. cddat, custom, habit, wont, usage, use. A

mar) governing (particle). jSf\ J-^lc ^dmilu Ujarr, one who draws, drags, pulls or trails (a particle) governing, i.e. requiring the noun following to be marked with kasra, or sign
of the oblique case.

J j'wC

(.udil,

just, equitable.

Ajlc ^dr, shame, reproach, disgrace.

A

Ap

(tf'^lc

cdmmi, untaught, unlettered

laical.

com-

^j^

cdriz,

cheek

accident, misfortune.

mon, plebeian,

A i_j.L:
skilful,

^drif (p

pi.

^^j^

A i'jolc idndat, (is or will be) returning (pres.

^drifdn),
;

wise,
(of
part. fem. of the rt.

knowing, intelligent God), holy; holy man.

knower
;

jlc cdda, concave

).

A ^Lc zabdi, cloak open in front, withoutsleeves,

loan.

A 'Jjjlc ^drii/at, anything borrowed or lent

and worn by dervishes.

A

A ^i-llc cdshik (p

pi.

^liLili cdshikdn), lover.

jLc

-.tbdd

(T[il.

of Ju:;

^rtirf),

servants.

t^jl-
to his

JLlU

^dshikl, relation of lover.

^ibddl,

my

servants,

i jLx!

U ^tbddihi,

servants.

A itf-s"^ j.a*!(p pl.^L-tflc tdsj'yaw), disobedient,

ijLc
ship,

^ibudat (p pl.l^JjLc libddathd), wor-

mutinous
A A-ilc
A

sinner, rebel, transgressor.

devotion

act of devotion, adoration.

t^ufiyat,

health, safety.

(J-xJ'<jLc ^budatiha, of

thy worship.

^j^\^ lufln
t'orgivers.

(obi. pl.of

Jlc ^afi), forgiving;

A i ,Lc cibdrat, phrase, expression, phraseology,

mode
;

of speech, or style in writing.

t-f-V^ ^bdl,

A <lJIc ^dkihat, end

last, after ull,

in the end, at length, at

A iX-c (^bd, servant, slave.

servant.

my

in the long run.

^V\

<LJsU:

^dkibatti

7 rt//jr,at the end of the affair, finally.

p iJLiiOliill Jlc

^bdu

'I

kddir Glldnl, so

A
A

^Ic

idkil (p pi.

^^Ic
^^^^^

^dkildn), intelligent.

called as being born in the Persian province

t^ciU ^dkif {v -pi. ^\Ji^[^ idkifdn), assiduous,

atfentive.

of Gllan,

was a doctor of eminent

sanctity.

<U*^

i^dkifdnika-Jba, those

He
A the

died at Bagdad a.h. 561, a.d. 1166.

(pret. of
!

who constantly remain

at the A

in religious attendance

U Ju ^badnd, we have worshipped

rt. Jv-x

Kaabah, or cubical temple at Mecca.

^-^jy-"

^abada).

cJUjk-c ^abadndka,
(or served) Thee.

Jlc ^dlam, the world,

/^^

t.dlami

we have worshipped

76

^?
t,izdr, face,

A i'-j: tihrat,
flection,

warning; subject for serious

re-

A ^'s

cheek.
plea,

matter for grave consideration.

crossing (a river)
;

jSc
to

tMsr,

excuse,

apology,

acknow-

A j^
sage.

'jiihur,

transit, pas-

ledgement.

Ap

^^j:i^\y>-jSz ^tizr Jchwdstan,

to apologize.
jJ>-

A p ^Ji^ jy^

^hur

Icardan, to cross,

beg pardon or excuse,

perfume composed of musk, sandal-wood, and rose-water.

c

ahir, ambergris, a

i^,jly tM2r nihudan, to excuse, pardon.

AV
A

^j^
->J^-sr^

^ablrt, art (thou)

ambergris

A tJj'Xc cMzr!,
?

my

apology,

my
;

excuse.

oUc
<^y^

<iiruk,

the ancient Chaldaea, Irak.

;

i__;li; e.itub,

reproach, chiding, reproof, repriA

tarab, Arabia

mand.
A
V

Arab

Arabs.

ittjaiih (pi. of <U-uSr^ ^aj'ibat),

won-

A ii^rC carbadat,
quarrel,

conflict, scuffle, dispute, broil,

riot.
;

ders, marvels, miracles.

drunken

Ac.js-^

^ijb, conceit, self-complacency,

c^ajab,

i^ rC ^rabiy, Arabian
draughts).

the Arabic language.

;

wonder, astonishment, surprise; strange, marvellous. A T

A iS.^r uirsat, area, court

board (for chess or

i^j^

c-^^js*!

bu

i.aj'ab

hire,
chi

a strange piece of business.

%(tjab,

u_.^.s^

^^.s*-

^^j-

^rz, representation, petition, statement.

fame, character.
(pret. of the

what wonder

yiVz, reputation,

A r jujs-^ ^MJabtar, stranger, more marvellous.

A lii^ zM,rafna,

we have known
tjj\ui.c

A Is^
A J^-^

c;z,
<jijl,

weakness, impotence, incapacity.

calf.

vb. JrC ^arafa).

uirafndka,

we

\sP- ^ijlan (ace.)

calf

'

Juur- \sP-

have known

thee.

^ijlan

jamdan, a

yellow as gold, the calf

"ijZ (rirk, root, stock.

carak, perspiration,

of the children of Israel {jaxad, besides the usual meaning "body," signifying also " saffron-coloured").

sweat; juice,

spirit, rack,

toddy.

A i^*jS- carus, bride, spouse.

A ^^*jSA
ifSF"

uirusl, nuptials, wedding.

^ajam, Persian.
;

A ^/KS"'^ <,ajamiy, foreign

Persian.

A (^V.7^ iuryun, naked, nude; stripped, robbed,

despoiled.

\ysf- ^ajuz, five (or according to

some) seven
A
js. cazza,

he was great or glorious; hence,

days at the winter-solstice.

incomparable, glorious (epithet of the Deity).

;

M^-^
'iS-

^<y2'> plaster,

cement

dough.
i-c2J

;
!

iMzza nasruhu,
ijzz,

may

his victory be

A i^\S. (.addwcit, hostility, enmity, dislike. A

ciddat, the time of probation, which must

glorious

glory, dignity,

grandeur,

excellence.

expire before a divorced married.

woman

can be re-

A <^\^ ^azab, unmarried individual, bachelor. A p *jlc ^azabam (I)

am

a bachelor.

A Jjlc

zadl, justice, equity.

A /Jlc i^tidm, ittdam, or ^udum, deficiency, defect

;

A ilc

t^z^fl^,

honour, dignity, glory,

pa CLJ

',x)

privation, want, loss; non-existence,

;

ba uzzat, with honour. JJiJU\%j ba ijzzattar,

absence of a quality

annihilation.

more honourable.
A iuj. cazlat, retirement, secession, solitude, seclusion, sequestration, voluntai-y resignation.

AjJ^

enemy, of thine enemJ^

^aduic,

foe.

CJ'Sz
j^d6?7),

<,aduivika,

A (J^>^

^dul

(pi.

of

JjU

just men.

A *lc cffzw, undertaking, design, purpose, resolve, resolution, determination, preparation.

A (Jjk^c <:.ad^l, equal in weight or in quantity, equiponderant; a travelling companion seated in a litter on the opposite side of a camel.

J.5-

\. cffzzfl
!

wajalla,

may He be honoured

c_.>i

jki (.azah,
<-_j1

punishment, torment, torture.

niir,

and glorified and Glorious.

A jjj
crtzzz

and may be rendered, Great

precious,

^ul^

j>

^azuba 'm

(from) the tor-

(r pi. ^U^J-c crtz!zf7w),

ments of the

fire (accusative).

dear, valued; excellent, honourable, glorious,

'^f;

77

^
e,akl, intellect,

venerable a title given to Potiphar, prince of Egypt, in the chapter of the Kur'an entitled

A JJLc A

reason, judgment, sense.

L'Jis. lukubat,

punishment, torture, torment.

of ^yi^ uikl), intellects, un-

"Joseph."
the precious, excellent one
;

t^j>\s- cazlze,

an

A ^}yiz ^(kul

(pi.

excellent object.

A 'UjLc zMzlmat, incantation;

resolution, un-

derstandings,reasoning powers, him, of their understandings.

,

/^'j^ ^ukuli

dertaking
Xj^ms:.

departure,

A^/*Xc uiks, reverse, con trary opposite,inversion.

A Ic ada', he was high;
(epithet of the Deity).

twsr, difficulty.

hence Most High

J-w*.

^sal, honey.

A
A 'Lli: ^ashdi, supper,

^\z

'Jldj,

medical treatment, doctoring, re-

watch of the night, or from sunset till morning twilight; prayers repeated whengoingto bed.
(.ishd'-,

the

first

medy,
A

cure.
sign,

<L^ ^lumat,

mark, characteristic.

A Jjl-^i ^nshshuk A

(pi.

of

^_j.-ilr ulshilc),

lovers.

^Ic

t.alldmat, the
tfl?(7^</a^,

most learned man.

i-jJLx ^ishrat, agreeable conversation, enjoy-

&.'Lj\z

external deportment.

^^\z

ment, delight, conviviality,

A ^_A ^ishk, love. A p (_^V
talk,

jollity.

^aluniijati, ray

outward and

visible cJiiduct,

my
amorous
A

public
e illat,

life.

(J^^

^isM-bd%i, gallantry,

ilz

cause, reason
;

pretence, excuse,

ijshk-hdze, a lover.
i.asa',

pretext, plea

disease
;

accident, misfortune, casualty; grounds of a charge or accusation.

A Lax:

stick, staff,

wand

virga

virilis.

^pls.

dilate, a

ground for any charge or ac-

A i^LiC ^asara^, Kjos.

A

juice, expressed juice.

cusation, a plea of arraignment.

casr, age, time.

A p
continence.

y\\

c_cix ^lafzdr, pasture, meadow.

(.ulikat,

<t*.iic cismat, chastity,

A cz^iLc
to the

was, or had been suspended

rt. (_i-c).

A ^L*iic cist/dn, rebellion, opposition. A

(J{rd sing.

fem. pass, of the

learning,
;

X^z

i.azud,

the

arm from the shoulder

J-c

(.Urn,

knowledge,

science,

aLl^jJ^ Jua.^ ^azudu 'd elbow, upper arm. daulat, arm of the state (proper name).

icdam, flag, banner

badge, distinctive

mark

worn on the

dress

epaulet.

a p j^iXi

At

yAz

<Aizu}

(p pi.

\>!y^

iUzvJid), limb, joint.

i^alam shidan, to be characterized.

A i^yJiZ aizwe, one member, a member.

A'lkc catdi, present,
gift,

A 'Ltlc ^ulamdi

(pi.

of

Jlc

^dlim), learned

donation; payment.

men, ulemas.
A Lc ^iluw, height, exaltation.
A /lx

A jUic uittdr, dealer in perfumes or drugs,

perfumer, druggist.

^dum

(pi.

of As-

<^ilm), sciences.

A Uuiag catashan with

(ace. of jjitlac ^atash, thirst),

i_i*i-c

culwvj, high,

sublime,

^lately,

thirst (used adverbially).

tflzlffj,

descendant of All, the son-in-law of

Mu-

A *-lic
A

great, large

high in dignity.
continence, chas-

hammad
A

i_jlic

<^^fdf,

abstaining,

they are called sherifs. A 'P^\y^ ^alawiyam, (I) am a descendant of All.

;

tity

innocence.

J- t/a', upon, on, over, above ; against, after,

A &

^ofi^}}

pardon, forgiveness.
behind.
;

according

to.

cr^.-^

L5^ eala'

dini

A v^-JLc

ittkab, heel; after,

midukihim, according to the religion of their

come.
contract.

A i^^iJ^ ^ikba\ end

reward
cluster;

life to

princes,

/^jJ^

^X^

^ala 'd dawdni, per-

A jjLc

^akd, knot;
jJic

bond,

petually, always, a jLjJI

^Xz

cala

tjbdd,
ta/a'

_\^
j^SumJ

^aMi nikdh, marriage-knot, p jJLs

tie

against servants,
Jitrati
'I

a *iL)^l

i^
tffZa'

^JgLc

^akd bastan, to

a knot.

isldtn,

with a disposition to the

jjJs jJlc

re-

A JjJLc (.nkdat. knot;

marriage-knot; frown.

ligion of Islam.

kadr, in pro-

Jportion, to the extent, a t^j-v^^l

78

uy"
pi.
l^^i.4j:

ix

^ala

A (J^4X i.amal (r

camalkd),

work,

musannif, on the author, it rests" with the author (to prove). iula\ height, sublimity,
glory, dignity.

labour, act, action, practice, business, service,

good works. AP^i.iy*ji jJ^kc uimal fanuudan, to put in ofiice, to employ.

;

employ

|^_i-c

'^lly, All, the cousin

and son in-law of

A /*' c^cmum, community, universality.

(*y*J^^ (.ala'l

Muhammad. Muhammad.
A
i~jLC

^X^

According to the Sunnites, he

;

was the fourth caliph according to the Shiyahs, he was the immediate successor of
^laiya' , on me, upon me, against me.
(fem.of |gLc^ ado'), upper, higher.
{i.e.,

cumum, commonly,

generally.

/-.4^

e.amim, universal, general, expansive,

diff'usive,

comprehensive.
from, from off;
of.

A i^i ^an,

oflf,

A Lie
Ll-c

^M?yffl'
iAj

A ^Lc

(.nnds-,

adversity, distress, teen.

fruit.

yadi ^lya' , the upper

the be-

A t_jllc ^nndb, jujube-tree and A p t^.Cj

.

stowing) hand.

fc-_;u tMwwai-rflw^, jujube-coloured.

t.lC.) r ^alailca,

upon

thee,

i.e.,

thou oughtest

A jli ^indd, obstinacy,

bornness.

perverseness,

stub-

to do

against thee.

(jXl-c t*

md

colaiha,

what
A d-lc

is laid

upon

thee.
*L*.l^ dJ}^

A iXjl:^ i.anaJcid (pi. of JyL^c cunkud), clusters,

i^laihi,

upon or against him.

bunches.
bridle.

<^alaihi '5 salCim,

on him be peace.
upon, against her (or
it).

A ^\^^ ^indn, rein,

A
Jj\x.

^,-J-c ^alaihd, on,

^nuyat,

aid,

assistance, favour,

pro-

A * ^mni, father's brother, paternal uncle.

*j:
J..'

tection, providential care, auspices.

li.

hanl zamm, sons of a paternal uncle,

j^s- ^amhar, ambergris (a perfume

jetty hair is frequently compared).

to

which

first

cousins.
edifice, building,

A ijVis. cimurat,

structure

Joe

cinda, with, at, near.

m\

Jar

<^inda

reparation, refitting.

'lldh, in

the eye of God.

^;U^^^ X^ ^inda

^U>^ ^ammun
uncles.

(p pi. of jx

^mm),

paternal

'I

ci^ydn, in the presence of the nobles.

A t_^JkXxc (^andalib, nightingale.

A iSAS. cumdat, support, prop, buttress (generally

A ^.l^iu i.unfuwun, the vigour, beauty, freshness, flower of youth.

occurring

in
'I

composition, as

iSy^s.

^Js\J^\

^mdatu

Uiawdss, pillar of the

A CJ-^li z-ankahut, spider.

nobles, prime minister).

A
life.
L;

<iwi (jMtihu,

of him, with him. J>\j

ayihu

A yis. cumr, age,

life

long
life,

Lc

y^s.
(a

rdzin, satisfied with him.

lumri ^aziz, precious man's name).

^umar,

Omar

Ak_^>jf'k (^aivdkil (pi. of

issues, consequences.

^L:

^dkibat), ends,

<LJJ1 s.awdkibahu, his

A \jAS. ^arnran, ace. of

r'*-^

^mr,

a proper

name; Amr.
A
j^<*x

future destinies, his last end.

^amru (pronounced .^z ^amr the ^ wuw being added to distinguish this word from
iM,mar),

/^r.

uitvdmm

(pi.

of <i^lc ca/wwa^),

common

people, commonalty, laics.

jAs.

a proper

name:

A i^^i\^z zawdiib
a
fictitious

(pi. of

v>-

^ih), defects,

name, like John Nokes used in scholastic and juridical treatises.

A
c.i->J

faults, blemishes.

JiS^fcC <iawa.s-id {-^l.

of i"jolc i^%idat), returns;

3/*^ ^amr

laith,

name

of the second

profits, gains,

advantages.

Sultan of the dynasty of the Saffarides reigned in Persia.

who

iJ>4

i^d, aloe- wood.

^'ivaz,

uiy-*^ i^mre, a

life,

a life-time.

^^ given
^^

equivalent, substitute, anything

;

or received in exchange
aid, help, assistance.

lieu, stead.

A Jl.x zamila, he did, he wrought.

^un,

s^
;

79

^j^

A X^^ ^ahd, time, reign agreement, compact, covenant, engagement; vow, promise, rule.
A

isi^ cuMat,

office,

appointment, trust; obli-

A c_^li ghalih, overcoming, superior, prevailing, paramount, predominant, overpowering, strong, triumphant, victorious chief, most.
;

Cl-^lijl

gation. AP ^^J^l

jJo !iS^j\ a% iuhda ha dar

L.^^!li ghalih aukdt, at

most times.

amadan, to clear one's self of an obligation, to pay off, become quits.

A

A t-^'Sli gh dijh, absent, invisible, out of sight,

departed, disappeared.

,llc

^aiyun, deceit, cunning,

trick.

iv^li ghdijat,

end, point, extremity, extreme,

A Jl-x dydl, family, children, domestics.

excess, intensity,

ap

l::^Ix.' ha

gh dyat, in

the extreme.

A ^_

--''

^aih (p pi. L-->^ <.aihha), fault, defect,

failing, vice,blemish,disgrace.
<^aih

ap^J^ r^

a Uj: ghihhan, every second day.

A

jLi

gh ubdr, dust.

kardan (or ^^j^S giriftan), to accuse, reproach, censure, criticise, blame, find fault
with, slander, vilify, take notice at faults, failings and blemishes.
of,

Aj^Jki gh adddr, perfidious; traitor.

A

or carp

J iXi gh adr, perfidy, treachery, treason.

A V

^-^.^ zaih-Ju (p pi. i^\\y^ ^"-r^i^r <-^i^yuya?j), fault-finder, censorious, carper, caviller.

A Li^^Jki ghmita, thou hast been fed (pass, of

the
rt.

^Jlc gha%a\ he
ghirdb, crow,

nourished).
'r'^j^

A
A

A
^m'*
Jk--2.

<--?^yi

f,aihe,

a blemish, a fault, a defect.

i^jr^^

gh iirdhu

cf(f,

festival, fete, holiday.

15^=^^

'^

'/ hain, (crow of separation) a crow that never approaches any spot until it has become de-

ixdi azha\ the festival of sacrifices celebrated

serted

by

its

inhabitants
ill

hence,

it

is

re-

garded as a bird of
at Mecca, on the 10th of <5jsr^ .j zu

omen.
fine
;

hijjat,

A aL^Lc ghardmat, mulct,

tribute

a debt

the last month of the Arabian year, in honor of Abraham's offering up (as the Muhammadans say) Ishmael.

which must be

paid.
(pi.

A i_.^U ghards-ih

of

'i-J

ri gharlhat), ex-

A ^y- C.ZS (pi. of (j-^^ whitish yellow colour.

(^il/ds),

(camels) of a

traordinary and strange things, rarities.

A^\jjz gh urahds- (pl.of
friendless, poor.

(_^

_i

gh arlb), strangers,

A leM^. A [j!^

tia', Jesus.
(.aish, life;
;

pleasure, enjoyment.

A Jljyi ghirhdl, large

sieve.

A ^-.r cain, eye

accuracy.

fountain, source

the very

A <Opi ghurhat, foreign travel, exile, expatriation, emigration.

essence, individual, thing itself; certainty,

(^/sy^ ghara%, intention, design;

selfish pur-

(-r^y^ <^uyuh (pi. of

defects, blemishes.

I---

i^ih), vices, faults,

pose,

aim or interest

spite, rancour,

grudge

(adv.) in short.

A
A
A.

i<*j-c gharaze, a spite, a grudge, an

ijij.

ill

turn.

ghurfat, upper chamber.

^jjS-

ghark, immersion, sinking, drowning.

A A

lie

ghur, cave, cavern, den.

to founder

a lit ghCirat, hostile incursion, foray, raid for

A p^Ji-i |j_ ghark shudan, to be swamped, to be plunged or drowned.

;

predatory purposes

robbery plunder, booty.

;

A.jj^ ghicrur, pride, haughtiness

vain-glory,

A tJjl^ gh dtl, warrior, conqueror (especially

of infidels).

vanity; insolence; flattery, adulation.

p
Sji.

gharra, deceived, deluded, imposed upon

A 1/5U ghasa, he sank or plunged (3 per. sing.

pret. concave

haughty, proud.
A

J wdw).

i_^

_c

gha rlh (p

pi.

^^Lj -c gh arlbdn), un-

A Jili

ghnjil, forgetful, neglectful, negligent,

common,
stranger.

strange, foreign;

wondrous; poor;

remiss, inattentive, off one's guard.

--*fe

; ; ;

s/^

60
A A

.U

A ^^\ji- ^arlM, perigriaation, foreign travel

foreignness.

Ji\:J:

ghandiim

(pi. of <U-Jji^a!ffJrt^), spoils.

Gharlhe, a stranger.

^^ gh

^^

ghanly, rich, independent.

ghanitar, richer, wealthier.

arlh.

immersed, submerged, sunk,

kv J:^:Jl
A
tU-J.i
;

sinking, drowned.

U-vc gharllcan

(ace.)

gh animat, fortunate hit; prize, gain,

APs^:.-~4>--:i

p^_^

ghiriv, clamour, outcry, shout; roll (of

booty blessing,preciou3 privilege.

^ji^jaJL

a di'um).

ghammat shumurdan,
(pi.

to count as a

A |J|y^ ghazzuh, name of a celebrated philosopher and controversialist,whodied a.h. 506.

4

precious opportunity, to esteem as a privilege.

-^^^i gh awdshl
to this

of cUiili. ghushiyat),

A Jji ghazal, amatory poem, ode.

A
tUai:

gh ussat, choking sensation, suffocation; anguish, straits; displeasure, wrath.

coverings for saddles, such as grooms in Persia day carry on their shoulders, with which they cover the saddle every time their

^^-^

ghusun

(pi.

of

^J^

ghiisn),

young

master alights from hishorse. ^j-l\il\ Jw*l:shdmila

A
p
'I

branches, boughs.

ghaivdsM, (as) carrief'of the saddle-

A i^L-^i gh azbdn, angry, chiding.

A ^jM-c gh ufrdn, remission of sins, pardon, forgiveness, absolution. \j\jiz gh ufnlnan, (ace.)

coverings.

^^^i

gh auwds, diver for pearls, pearl-fisher. ram.

reflection,

*i
tion,

ghiich,

LlLijSLz

ghafartu, I have pardoned.

A j^i ghaur, deep

profound medita-

A tdii. ghnflat, neglect, negligence, thoughtlessness, carelessness, forgetfulness, remissness.

Ajfcfti

mature consideration.
dive, dip, sousing, ducking, p <)drji

A i^^hghida,

gh afur, forgiving, pardoning (God).

^^jys>- ghuta Jdiwirrdan, to get a ducking.

p (JJ^i

A /!

ghuldm

(p pi. j^Utili gl^ulumurC), slave,

ghuk

(pi.

1^^^

ghuhdn), frog.
redress, aid, help.

servant, lad, page.

C;Lji
*\Ji\

ghiijdth, succour,

A 'Lii ghallul, thickly planted (orchard).

^^J^

ghiyathu 7 islam, succourer of

title).
;

A <uLc ghaldbat, victory, predominance, overpowering.

the faith (a style or

AP

^>^$> <w-c gh alaha kardan, to

prevail against, to overcome.

A i_^--c gh aib, concealment, invisibility concealed, secret, hidden, invisible supernatural

;

riches.

A dSi. gh allat, corn, grain.

AP
A

lalx.

ghalat, fault, error, blunder, mistake.

Jj

.*ji

gh ath-ddn,
absence

seer,
;

one

who knows
removal
to

future events or secrets

<U--c ghaihat,
;

omniscient.
;

p j^JkJali gh aUidaUy to roll, wallow, welter.

secresy

li-i-i

gh allz

(p pi. ^l!i-J_c ^allzan), gross,

a distance

slander.

filthy, coarse,

rough, brutal, brutish.

;

A *i gh amm, grief, sorrow, sadness

cern, solicitude, anxiety;

care, con-

A -i ghair, other, other than, different, gh airi. beside me. A -i

ghaiyara,

ci/^^

harm,

loss,

a p *i

(either for the better or the worse,

he altered, made a change 2nd form

amm khwurdan, to grieve, sorrow ^^'^Jy^ gh to devour sorrow, to sympathize with. *i

^^:;.^^J

of the

rt. j\z.

gh dra, concave

ye).

A A

gh amm dushtan,

'J^

ghairat, zeal, jealousy.

to care,

have a care.

la-ji

gh aiz, rage,

ire, fury,

wrath, anger.

]^ji *s.

ghammi

fardd, cares of the morrow.

A jUki gh ammdz. informer, accuser, detractor.

A p c:,.N/*^

ghammat, caro

to thee, care of thee.

ifa

(prefix), then, therefore, consequently,

^^.4ji

ghamza, glance; amorous glance, ogling

in that case.

wink, nod.
A p (tf^-i ghimme, a grief, a sorrow.

A ijS^\i fdjtrat, an unchaste woman.

A jjiwr^li fdhish (fem. <iJLs-\i fdhishat), shame-

; ;

81
A

y
generosity, liberality.

ful,

impudent, indecent, outrageous.

P^i^j

id futuivat,

i>2.s-li zani fdhisha,

whorish woman.

A J$vJ/^M^a', judicial decree given bythemufti.

A-jysT fujur, wickedness, debauchery.

i.j:>-\ifuM,ir, splendid, glorious, brave,

showy;

distinguished, honorable, precious.

A-r^

fal'hr, glory,

ornament,

^^i

J^l

jsr fakhru

\(j\i

fa

iza, then, in that case, therefore.

^d din,

(glory of religion), a proper name.

p ir'J^ Fdrs, Persia proper, bounded on the East by Kerman, on the West by Khuzistan, on the South by the Persian Gulf, and on the North by a desert which divides it from
.

lSj^' fakhrl,

my

glory,

my

boast.
offer-

A*LvJ_/?(/ai, sacrifice,

ransom, redemption,

ing, devotion for another.

Khurasan and Iraki ajaml.

jjuj ili

Vji farr, splendour, pomp.

p Lj fard, towards.
ass), cavalier.

fan's, rider of

any solid-hoofed animal

except a horse (as a mule or

p

A tuLs Furdt, the river Euphrates.

p ^>^j^\ f^S-'-^
^jS

i^j^
Jk-j\i

fdrsl, Persian, Persic.

free, at leisure
;

fard chang dvardan,

;

to get

A ^j\i fdri^,
A

void,

empty.

into one's grasp, to clutch

to acquire.

fdsid, bad, vicious, vitiated, perverse,

F ^\ji fardHi, large, broad, wide; plentiful. p ^_$^j j.\ji fardkh-ru, of an open,

perverted, immoral.

pleasant

A (J^\i fdsik, worthless, impudent

adulterer.

sinner,

countenance. Fardkh-ravl, width of step, going fast extravagance, profusion.

;

jj-jlj/as?7, eminent, excellent, highly gifted

p 15=^ UJ fardkhl., amplitude, abundance.

A.j\jifirdr, fleeing away, flight.

or otherwise distinguished

learned, pious.

A p yu-ili fdziltar, better, more excellent.

(Jirli

fa
rt.

azallu,

then would I continue (aor.

\jifard rasldan,to arrive; to encounter,

of the

meet
p i^j^j
'

to surround,

comprehend, overtake,

zalla,

he ceased

not,

with

j).

\ri fdt'd

raftan, to go out.
;

iJi\i fdkat, fast, starvation, extrerhe

hunger
\\ji

want, poverty, destitution.

p aIj fdm, colour, hue (in comp.) as *\i iL-j
siydh-fdm, dark-coloured, black, swarthy.

fardz, above,upon, on

before, in presence

entrance, ingress, interior; shut, closed, j^^

i^Jul

J^
in

;Lj az dar fardz dmadan, to

door.

come

by the
A
i^li

fa

in,

and

if.

A ^Lj^rasa^, intelligence, sagacity, ingenuity,

4__>,Lsr*
t,.::^)\i

A ci^jli /a A

fa anta muhdrib, then thou (art) a bringer of war.

advantage, benefit, use.

anta, then thou.

shrewdness, physiognomy.

A ^^.jLj

firdsate, a shrewdness.

a JoU fds-idat,

^li
A ^^^|yj farrdsh, one who spreads the carpets or cushions in the palaces of kings or great men, a chamberlain these persons often officiate
:

a JoliJl

fa inna 'Ifdndata, for of a truth the

superior, surpassing, transcendent.
fall.

advantage.

^Is fdiik,
i jl:J
-ertj

as executioners.

p (^k^^ futddan, to p

A z\ji firdgh, cessation, rest from

;

toil; leisure.

futdda, fallen, dropped

gotten.

A is.\ji fard gh at, leisure, freedom from business,

fath, victory.
fathat, the

care and trouble; retirement, disengagement,

ff);

Ji.i.s:o

vowel mark (^

the beard.

independence

forgetfulness.

^c^ fathe,
<C.ii fitnat,

a victory, a conquest.
falls or

A ^\ji /m^-jSeparationjabsence; loss,departure,

death,

p Jci futad, he A

should

fall.

p
insurrection,
stir,

disturbance,

^J^^ ^jifard

giriftan, to envelop,
;

strife,

riot,

tumult, sedition, political revolution, uproar, row scourge, evil, pest trial.
;
;

p jjik^Lj fardmush, forgotten

forgetfulness.

c:-.>A^1^ fardmushat, forgetfulness of thee

thee forgotten.

A.v\Sj\

i^ ftna-angez,

strife stirring.

11

y
p ^jLy\j3 fardmush, forgotten.

82

ij

^^^

t-A/'^ir'

A ^ji farlc, separation, distinction, difference

farumush

Icardan, to forget.

^J^j^ fartndn, command, i^J^

order,

mandate

p ^\j)rJ fardwun, abundant,

ample, copious,

U^;^ fcrmun

burdan, to obey orders

plenteous, full, complete, overflowing.

j^jIj ^\^ji farmdn dddan, to issue an order

p iLs/araAt, together,

^^j*^ ^\ji fard-

Pj'>^ ^\^ji farmun-larddr,

dient to

submissive, obe

ham avardan,
p ^j3 farhih, p
|tf^Jjj

to collect, gather, scrape together (as a faggot or bundle) ; to shut, close.

fat.

command,

harddram, (I)

am

/j^'v^ c^W/^ obedient, (I) obey orders

farinun

farhiln, fatness. Farhihe, a fat person,

p SJuL*^/r/a-(??'^, ruling, issuing mandates;

king, potentate, paramount sovereign.
r ^i^y*ji scribe

a fat man.

A CLS^jS fartut, decrepit old dotard.

A

_ji farj,

priyities (of

male or female),
p

farmudan, to order, command, pre(when used in reference to anyone in an exalted station, it simplj- means "to say").
^^y*ji farmuda, commanded
;

p (>^ji far jam, end, conclusion, issue.

having com-

A ^ji farah, joy, gladness, glee.

manded

hath commanded,

p
p

-iyi farruldh,
i?Jc>>-

happy, fortunate.

p i>^S^ji farang or firing, Frank or European. p jJ faru, firu, faro, firo or furo, down, down-

J/ar^MW(frt,prosperous,happy. iss:^ji

^^ farJchmda-tuUc, of happy destiny.

p
p
\iJji

ward, below, under, beneath.

p (^J J ^jsfaru hurdan, to carry down, to lower;

fardd, to-morrow
(pi.

the next

life,

to

swallow
iiji

to dip, plunge.
tie

^jjs farzand
child.

^^^'^Jy^

farzanddn), son,

^^p^

faro hastan, to bind,

down

to

*J\ dJjji fo'rzandi ddam, son of man.

stop, shut, close; to obstruct, let;

to fail.

p (U-jI^- J ^jjifarzand har-lchusta, with chil-

p i^xJli^ tji faru posludan, to put on, to clothe.

dren grown, having grown-up children.

p ^tJj
ri

vjj%^farutar, lower.
p
^^yi>-j.

farzin, the

queen

at chess.

J firolMan,

to sell, to barter

away

to

p ^J^ci^^ Jiristddan, to send, despatch, commit. p i^S^-^^ farsang, parasang, league. p *-V-mJ farsuda, fatigued, wearied
discouraged, dispirited.
;

inflame, kindle, light.

p izs>-jji

fi.ro'kkta, sold,
.i

damped,

p ijAJ^jrs- J
to utter,

faro khwdndan, to hold forth,

A jifi

farsJiy carpet, rug, or anything similar

;

r L,vi ^ro(? or /a'ro^,

down.

,^J^1

i^tjS
\

frod
^^
i-

spread on the ground

p
i::J:>jS

pavement.
izJ:iji firishta->e,

firisUa, angel.

an
p

come down, descend. ,^>^j} firod avardan to bring down, to lower,

dmadan,
to

angel.

p ^%:>~ i:J^ji firisMa-'khu, angel-tempered, of

^^j

jji

fa^'o raftan, to

go down (as breath

;

into the lungs

by

inspiration)

to sink,

an angelic disposition.
A LajS fursat,
opportunity,
occasion;

p ^^tji firosh, selling; seller, vendor.

convep ^^yj^ tjS faru kaftan, to

knock down.

nience; advantage.

(^ J

farz, divine or positive

command,

obli-

p |^^:;wlt3o tjS faru guzdsh fan, to pass over, pass

by, leave out, omit, spare.

gation, indispensable precept.

ti fart,

excess.

^^'\^ jji faru mdndan,

to lag,

remain be-

A joj^r^ Fir^aun, Pharaoh, (a title common to the ancient kings of Egypt, as that of Ptolemy
to the later sovereigns.)

hind, be exhausted, to break down, sink, flag.

p iL^t*
j.

_s

faru-mdga, low, mean, bascborn,

ignoble, scoundrel.

ui*^

fivijiunl,

Pharaoh-like, proud, arro-

p ^Sj\jijj jji faro nishdndan, to allay, quell,

gant, haughty.

quench, extinguish.

; ;

V
p
p
i^yruMJuuJ

83

ij faro

nishastan,to subside

go out.

^J:xlJi>

jjS faru hishtan, to hang down.

Fuzul, A Jj3i fazul, redundant, excessive. impertinence, intrusion; meddling spiric; knavery.

vdzJUb ^ji jiro ^wA^ff, hanging down,i)endulous.

A p t^jC:Jfe^ farhang,

is^^ fazlhat,

disgrace, ignominy.

wisdom, understanding,

A iLL<^
A

fazilat, excellence,

superiority, emi-

science; dictionary, lexicon.

nence, virtue, accomplishments.

is-ki fitrat,

vS^yfirydd, cry
p jw<
.

for help or redress, complaint,

complexion, nature, creation, form

;

<^l>ji

firydd-ras, redresser of grievances,

helper, succourer.
p

(which an embryo takes in the womb) alms given at the festival held on breaking the
fast of

^-^

"^^

r*

firyud-rasl, assistance, redress.

Kamazan.

p \..^Ji firlh or fir eh y deception, fraud, duplicity, trick; (in compos.) deceiving.
p

A ^iks fitnat, understanding, intelligence, prudence, shrewdness.

^^S^jS farlhldan

A Jjti
or firlMdan, to deceive.

fi-J, act, action,

operation

a verb.
it).

A
p ^t^jji Faridun, seventh king of Persia of the
first

1.^^-1*3

fa

(.alaiha,

then upon her (or

or Peshdadian dynasty.

He

p
delivered

jM^
jJii

fighdn, complaint,

lamentation, moan.

Persia from the tyranny of the usurper Zahhak.

^J^JtM ha fighdn, in despair.

^^:Ji.)jS firlftan,

or fir eftan, to steal, ravish.

;

fa kad, therefore,

verily.
(rt.

A ^JJ J fank, troop, squadron

section,

division, class

A LUiSsij fakattu, I missed

Ajjijfakr, poverty.

ssj fakada).

^_SjS.' yJ^\ al fakr fakhn

^j,

p ^,^^\i fuzudan, to increase, multiply.

p

poverty
j^j>

(is)

my

glory,

<^"jJi

Ji^^^l
'd ddraini,

^^ Is fu%un,

increased, augmented.

iljjl

alfakru sawddu
(is)

7 wajkifi

p tj'ji fuzuni, increase. A jL-j fasdd, depravity, vice, vicious conduct, corruption, pcrverseness, villainy, iniquity violence, war.

poverty

blackness of the face (an ignoin

minious condition)

both worlds, a v^^y.s

fakrash, his poverty.

'LsLJ

fukard^

(pi.

of^Jii fakir), poor.

said,
;

M*J o.s."^ fushat, space,

room.

A A

c:.^lJii

fa

kultu,

and I

then said

I.

A (Jm^

fi^k, adultery, fornication, iniquity, sin.

-Jii fakir,

poor, pauper

religious

order of

p [jtjyM.i fisos, vexation, sorrow, grief, regret. A V

mendicants.

^y^i fusuk, impudence,

villainy, immorality.

A '^r*^ fakirat, poor woman.

^yy^ fusu7i

(for f^y^iS a/sun), incantation,

A dJij fakih, a
theologian.

Muhammadan

lawyer, jurist, or

fascination, deceit.

p ^J6[j!ij fishundan, to strew, scatter, shed.

A is>-\^

kj^fikr, thought,
A iSj
fikrat,

care, reflection, imagination.

;

fmahut, eloquence, rhetoric

;

gabble.

thought

that which

is

the sub-

A ,j*ij fasl, time, season

section, chapter.

ject of reflection.

A jJ-^ fade,

a chapter.
glib, fluent, rhetorical.

A Ia-ili fa

kaif,
?

why

then

how

then

how
obey

A -iv*^ faslh, eloquent,

much more
A
U>.i,jel2j

A A A
A

^\^ faz&iil
1^^ fazl,
bounty;
literati.

\i

fa

la ttitichumd, in that case

(pi.

of Al->>i J fazllat), virtues,

attainments, excellent qualities, excellences.

excellence,
virtue,

them not (gezmate

of the
rt.

of

%-r^

ttitl^i,

4th form

merit, worth,

^lls tdi^, concave

J ivdw).

science, learning.
(pi.

Ij

faldh, prosperity, safety, happiness.

"^^ fuzalui

of J-9li/as7), learned men,

A -li falldh, husbandman, A ^Ij

one.
fuldti,

dj^ fazlat, remainder, redundancy, leavings,

remains, dregs, excrescence, superfluity.

such and such, so and

so,

such an

A p ^'li fnlunam, (T)

am

such an one.

dja
A

84

cM
Icdtil,

CS^J fullc,
ment.
^^^i.=^J>\.i

ship.

Falah, heaven, sky, firma-

A Jjljj

deadly, mortal, fatal.

a^jU
fa
li'r

kddir, predestinating; powerful, able.

rahmdn,

for

unto the Merci.

ful

One.

^^y^ Kdrun, Korah,

the cousin of Moses,

A Uli fa lammd, and when. A d^^JcAi fa

linafsihi,

then

(it

will he) for his

own
A

self (or for his personal advantage).

A c:^^Jj fa
i^LS-As.

Oh would that \^ fa md i,alailca, then there is nought

laita,
!

and son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, is said by the Muhammadans to have been very rich and avaricious. "The keys of Korah's treasure-chambers were a burden for 300 white mules." Note to Sura xxviii. by the Rev. J. M. RodweU, author

of a

new

translation of the Kur'an.

against thee, no fault rests with thee.

A S>a\i kdsid, messenger, courier, postman, express, cossid.

A i^AJ fa man,

who then? Fa
of

min, then from.

;

A A

^^^'^s

funun
sorts.

(pi.

,^ fann), sciences modes,

oi
{jMjK'i

kj^Xs kdsir, short, defective,

cient.

deficient, insuffi-

ways,
{jjjj\yi

fawdris

(pi.

fdris), cavaliers,

^j-ili kdzi,
"siastical).

judge

(civil,

criminal,

and

eccle-

[jM.j\^'fu\ j\ ahu 'I fdwdris, father of horsemen, or rather, of those mounted on asses (a nickname given either by Sadi or someone else to a certain nois)' and stentorian orator).

A cli

X-at,
clij

plain, level

ground,

flat

country.

I2--UJ

kda

hastt,

widely extended plain

A i^\^i fawdhih

(pi. of

^S\i fdJcihat),

or desert.
fruits.

A ^Aili kdddat,
A
J^\ji

rule,

canon;

style,

fawditd

mode, man-

(pi.

of I si\3 fds-idat), benefits,

ner; footing.
advantages, privileges.

A iSJ^ faut, passing away, departure

death, a p

A ilili
;

kdfilat,

body of travellers, caravan,

coffle.

loss,

^<^
steel.

CLi^'ifaut shudan, to be lost.

A Jli kdla, he said (concave j wdw).

iJUj" kdla 'lldh ta^la',
said (meaning, that
it is

^\

Jli

A Siji fuldd,

God

the Most

High

A jf^fahm, understanding, comprehension.

p (^ Jk--^j fahmidan, to understand (a Persian verb coined from the Arabic).

said in the Kur'an).

\\3 kdlih,

form, model, mould; body, bust,

shape, figure.
A
^Jljj

y^ fahwa,
in,
fi,

and

he.
;

kdlu, they said or have said (3 pi. pret.).

A ti /^,

among

concerning,

for.

ai^jsM ^X

fi

Hjumla, upon the whole, in short. 7 hdl, immediately, forthwith.

;

JWm
which

A iUli kdmat, stature, figure, height of the human figure six feet, fathom.
;

l1

A JIj kdni^ content, contented.

p ^j^rfj flro%a, fortunate

a turquoise

is

kjiXi kdhir

(fern. iJtXi

kdhirat),

victorious.

thought

to

bring good luck to the wearer.

(J^^sJ^

^liiSl al kdhirat,

Al Cairo

(victrix).

A
Q

^^ fU, elephant.
philosopher.

alfll, the elejjhant.

/liL *5li

kdnm-makdm, locum tenens,deputy,

(__jyjJ-i failasuf (p pi.

^\jyA^ fatlas ufan),

us.
it,

viceroy, vicegerent; successor.

p Li kalu, akind of light cloak with longsleeves,

us,

li-.i

find, in

among
;

A iLJ flhi, in

him

somewhat like a college-gown, but generally made of wool; tunic quite open in front.
therein.
iiyfP^i^.

in that, in

j^^

flhim, in them,

among them.

postln, a fur cloak. "-^V^ kahdyi

A aLlLi kabdlat, bond, deed, written agreement;

title-deeds, conveyance.

A A JjIj A
kdhil, capable,

-i\jj

kubh, deformity, ugliness

shamefulness.

able

susceptible, susskilful.

ceptive, receptive, recipient;

Ajjljj kdhilat,

A
A

LaJ
J-J

kahzat, grasp, gripe, grip, clutch.

fore part, face, front; before. Kibal,

midwife, nurse.

kcibl,

^.

cM
part, side, p a

85

Ui
of the
rt.

^jf^ t-M J^

^^ kihali mashrih,

^si).

-jl^l J-J rJLr^^ ("^^

'I wuluj, prepare the look before you leap.

from the quarter of the East.

A <lLj
kiblat,

kaddimi 7 khuruj kabla

the place to which

men

turn in

exit before entering

prayer, Kiblah. This among Jews and Christians is the temple of Jerusalem, our churches being so built that the priest at the altar faces towards it. Muhammad directed bis disciples to pray towards the temple at

A ^y*Si kadame,
A
A
(*^S!
*jJkJj

a single step,

p S>^^ ig^'^

~kadame chand, a few steps or paces.

kudum, approach,

arrival, advent.

Mecca; an injunction which caused discontent at first, that he was fain

so

much

kadlm, ancient, antique, old, former.

to add a sentence to the effect that God hears prayer to whatever quarter the suppliant turns.

kj\ji kardr, stability, firmness, quiet, rest, calm,

stillness,

v kj\ji

y bar kardr, firm, fixed, on

a steady footing or foundation. A Za\ji kurdzat, fragment of gold, a small particle of

J vJ

kabul, acceptance, favourable reception

;

good opinion, esteem

accepted

acceptable.

any metal.
book of the Muham-

|J^

kabuli, acceptable.
kahilat, tribe, family
;

A
wife.
life; strength;

^1
to

Jj

kur' an, the sacred

A 'Ow-J
A
body.

JliJJ kaiul, soul;

remains of

madans, written by their prophet, and feigned have been revealed from heaven.

Kitdl, carnage, slaughter, battle.

A JiJ

katl, slaying, slaughter.

A joVy* kurbdn, sacrifice, corban. A lil) J kurbdni, destined for sacrifice.

A.

ki.^kahhat, whore,
A Si kad, a
ing already

prostitute; female pander.

ii

kirbat, leathern bottle.

bottle.
;

,:i)J!

kirbati,

particle used before verbs, signify;

my
A

Kurbat, vicinity, nearness, proxkindred.

certainly, assuredly, in truth.

imity

affinity,

A si kadd,

stature.

Js

kurba, relationship, kin, consanguinity.

disk,

A AJj kadah, cup, bowl, goblet.

A jjJ kadr,

A .jSji kurs,
A

ap xJ^ij^ ^ji kursi kJmur-

power

rank, dignity, consequence,

shed, the orb (or disk) of the sun.

i^-Oji karz,

reputation; value, worth; quantity, measure,

debt, loan.
;

capacity; fate, destiny.

.jJi!!

<iiJ lailatu

^ji

karln, connected, linked

contiguous

kadr (paiJj t-^-i shahikadr),i\iexn.^toi

friend, yokefellow, mate.

power, one of the

last ten nights of Ramazan, and, as is commonly believed, the seventh of those nights reckoning backwards. On this night Gabriel is said to have begun to reveal the

A jjj

ka%%,

raw

silk.

A *--uJ kaslm, beautiful,

handsome, well-made.

Ac_;l.^ kassdh (f pl.^^buu kassdbdn), hntcher.

A ^jfll*^ kisds, retaliation.

Kur' an
kettle.

to

Muhammad. vkiSJjSiihakadrat,
a Kidr, cauldron,
pot, boiler,

by thy power,
JEa<frtr,

A i_

-^'^

kasab, reed, pen, quill

muslin.

i_,-^

quantity; price, worth, value.

v_ ---'^^ kasabu
t^j^^oy*

habib,

the friendly pen.

linen

A \jSi kadran, as to value, rank, dignity or importance (the ace. being used adverbially). A
*ijjj kudrat,

--^^ kasabi misri, fine

made

in Egypt.

power, ability.
A tUai
h'ssat, history, story, case.

Af^jSikadre, alittle,a small quantity.modicum.

A Ju2j kasd, intention, preparation, design, aim. A ^^'Xs kuds, Jerusalem (the holy A *Jk5 kadam, foot
^j:J^\i^
;

city).

A jai kasr, citadel, castle, palace.

step, pace, walk,

ap j

*j>5

A 'sS;k^ kasidat, poem, kasida or elegy, being

kadam bar ddshtan,

^jJwj

to lift the foot,

a kind of longer
to stir a step.

^^j

(>Si

kadam ranja

J^

ghazal or ode.
predestination
;

A 'LijX-zai, fate, destiny,

death;

shudan, to take the trouble of just stepping,

sentence, judgmcnt,decrce; payment, settling,

c^-^jjj kadamat, thy foot.

A * JkJj kaddim, send before (imp. of the 2nd form

concluding, finishing,
dan, to

a p ^>^S ^-^ kazd kar-

make up

for a former omission (as to

Ui
fast

8G

>^

after

Eamazan on account
fast then.
&.

of having

nd, us).

jUl

t__j^

JkS

Li

ki7id

zazula ' ndr,

fire.

broken the
A p

p Juij1-J ,_5'Lij hizayi

save us (from) the torment of the

A iz\:^ kandzat, contentment.

nabishta, destiny- written, written

1

by destiny.

.l*iJ5

hazard, providentially, by chance.

(pi.

i^

kuwat, strength,

power,

force,

ability,

A j_^U^ Icuzhun

of u.^--iJ kazlb), long and

faculty.

slender branches, twigs.

CU J

kut, food, aliment, sustenance.

A t-^iai

kutb, Polar Star,

North Pole.
Xx.

A
A

^jj kuwate, a power.

A.y3j katr, drop.

katrin, drop

iaj

Jai kairun <^la^

JJ
Jje

kaul, word, saying

agreement.

Jy

upon drop.

Kitr (used in the

kaul ufid, saying and doing,

word and

sense of

^Ji^

katrun), liquid pitch, tar.

deed,

i}^ ^^ kauluhu

ta^ala', the saying

iyajj ^-ff^rrt^jdrop.

ap Ju.2^

iJaJf

katra^e chand,

of
A IJ

Him" Most High.

kulu, say ye (imp. of the
rt.

few drops.

JlJs kdla,

A jJai kat^ amputation, cutting, maiming

abandonment.
*5*.
.

he

said,

concave j wdw).

^Jl*^ ^^^
is

kulu

-tJai

katd rahim,

re-

li 'I

muidfd', say to

him who

free

from pain.

nunciation of kin, cutting of one's connexions.

A Pj_^t^ --^i ^^j^ kardan, to cross, traverse
to cut off;
to conclude.

/yj

kaum, race,

folk, tribe, people.

A L::.-^^ Js kauwamta, thou haststraightened(pret.

of
/Jj

A <uLi
Ap
A A
if

kit^at, strophe, section, part, portion.

kauwama, 2nd form of the

\.^p.y^^

rt./li

kdma

Jp

_Li

X'flifc

karda, cut

concave^ wdw).
off.

straighteuedst (her,

it or)

kauwamtahd, thou them.

a com-

jJ!

Xir, abyss, gulf.

A
;

^^ J
t_5'jj

kaume, a

class, a people, a tribe,

;

'\Ki kafdi,

back or nape of the neck

behind
A

"munity, a sect or denomination

a crowd.

one's back, secretly. pajI

u, at his heels
;

^\Kij^darkafuyi

kawiy, strong, hale, robust, powerful.

4_j'"J

in track of him.

Ap
A

Jb

kawl

hdl,

strong in the arm.

;

A ^JMSJ kafas, bird-cage. A j^ijj kafas, bird cage.

-^

kahr, anger,

wrath

force, violence

se-

verity, sharpness.

^Js

t__>lkii- khitdbi kahr,

A
A

c^

kild<^ (pi. of iUli

kal^t),

forts.

wrathful address, violent harangue.

A
ii-il-i h'yds,

k_^ijj ^a?5, heart.

kullat,

conjecture, guess, imagination^

A <Uj

mountain-top.
fort,

supposition, judgment.

A iUli kal^at (in India pronounced M(?),

castle, fortalice.

A ^.Lj kiyumat, the resurrection.

A JlJ kaid, bondage,imprisonment, bond, fetters,
chain, shackles.

A *ij kalam, reed, pen, calamus.

A i^y*^

A tU-J kimat, price, value.

kalamun, chameleon.

^y*^i

%J

^^

kalamun, a changing-colourcd
A UIj kulnd,

silk or stuff.

we

said (rt.
(pi.

JIj

kula, concave^).

PjXSj

kalandar

^^Ujcij kahndardn),

A
a

\^ ka
like.

(prefix governing the oblique case), as,

wandering Muhammadan monk, with shaven head and beard, who abandons family and goods, so called from the name of the founder of this sect, which appears to be somewhat lax.
A tJ-iJ kalil, small, little; few.

j^Luu^ ka sinnaurin, as a cat.

the full

jjJl^

ka

H 5rtr7;v',like

moon

(also

an affixed

pron. of the

2nd

pers. sing, masc.) thee; of

J^ kalilun,
rt.

thee, thy, thine.

CS^\

innaka, verily thou.

a few, a small number.

p ^-jl^ kubln, the portion a husband

to a wife if

must pay

lij

kind, preserve us (imp. of the

grounds

he divorces her on dowry, settlement.

insufiicicnt

waka\ he preserved, doubly imperfect, and U

A i.^li kdtib, writer, scribe, amanuensis.

lI^

87

CJi<
,^li kdzimuna
;

-il^ kaJdi,

apartment at the top of a house

;

A jj->/^l^ kdzimina (obi. of

pi.

open

to the front
it

gallery, balcony
little,

palace.
little

of jjrl^ kuzim), restrainers

they

who

A jl^ kuda,
short of;

wants but

he was

check, curb, or repress,

p jkili kd gh az or kdghiz, paper.

as Cl-'y*^ '^^

kud yamutti, he

all
'I

but died.

\y^

^^\

^\ yull jl^

iiida

fakru an yakuna kufran, poverty is little Sometimes short of becoming blasphemy.

this verb is pleonastic
yakCidii yiisi gi.n1m,
;

jj jiili kdghazi zar, paper powdered with gold dust, or gold leaf.
kuffat, all.

A i-ib

Aj\

iSjli

kdffan andm,

all

as tU-***

jlxj

^ la

mankind.
A il^
ful
kdfir,
;

doth not allay

it.

denying God; ungrateful, unthank-

i\^

kdr

(pi. Ifril^

kdrhd), thing, business,

toil,

infidel, caffre.

matter, affair; act, action, service,

use,

work;

A P j^li kdfur, camphor.

V
A.

good purpose;
to

office,

post,

^jxj^i

JS

^_Sjji^ kdfuri, camphorated,

t_f,<y^
j-*-ij

made

of cam-

kdr hastan,
practice,

adopt, use, employ, put in

to

phor.

sham^

kdfuri, a

wax

^^^y* J JS kdr farmudan,

put in
A

candle, camphorated

wax.

practice,

y^ j^

kdr kim (imp. of j^J^jli

^l^

kdfl, sufficient, competent, enough.

kdr kardan), act thou, do. (^>X^I ^l^' ha kdr

X
p

j\l^
/kli

ka

'I

hadr, like the full

moon.
desire,

dmadan,

to serve, be of service, be useful.

kdm, palate, jaw, mouth;

wish

p Jjli kdrd, knife.

p (J,\i^j^ X'ar-<?di, experience, practical knowledge.

satisfaction, delight.

p ^j\y*^ kdm-rdn, fortunate, successful, prosperous.

if

Jo Jjli kdr-dlda, experienced

veteran.

p (3l.^li kum-rdrn, voluptuousness.

'Pj\)j^ kdrzdr, battle, battle-field, action.

A J-^l^ kdmil, perfect, complete, excellent.

p (tf^li kdme, a particular desire or wish.

ilTjli

kdr-gdh, workshop, manufactory.

p ^^;j^ kdrwdn, caravan, body of travellers or

pilgrims.
p ti^jj" kdricdni (pi.

p 1^1^ kdn, mine, quarry, j^li jj

za/ri

kdn, gold

from the mine.

^Ljitili kdrwdniydti),
that
;

Fdn
he who.
is,

(for

^\

<b ki an), for

that

it

connected with a caravan,

traveller with, a caravan.

member of, or JEar?M7je, a caravan.

;

j_^l^

kdna, he was,

became (concave
case).

^ tcdw,

and governs the accusative

p ^^^stI^ k'dnchi (for
<)^j!^

p \jbj^ kdrhd (pi. ofjl^ kdr), affairs

disagreeable things.

difficulties,

^\

ki

dn

chi), for

that which.

lSj^
ness,

kdri, champion, warrior.

Kdre, a busi-

p jJuli k'dndar, for within, lest within. p

<Ai

an

affair,

work, employ

an
;

act, a deed.

|i^li k'dnrd

ki,

that to

him who.
ki

p (^r-^ kdstan, to lessen, damage

to diminish,

p ^Sj\^ k'dn ki (for

that.

^\ i^

dn

ki),

who

grow
A.

less.

sJ^
in

kdsid, worthless, deficient in quantity

A ^La>l^
guor.

kdhill, indolence, laziness, sloth, lan-

or quality

which

dead, dull, flat (market or fair), goods or animals are unsaleable.

;

p (jiX-Jil^ kdhldan, to diminish, to waste. p

<Ljli kdsa,
,ji-s-

porcelain

cup, vase, plate, saucer.

^\^

k'ai (for

^\

i^ ki

ai),

saying oh

<LjI^ kdsati chlni,

china vase.

A p /^l^ kdsh, would to heaven

p i^yi-ll^ kdshtan, to sow, cultivate.

c:_jlijl^

kuiindt

(pi.

of ^jli kus-inat), beings,

existences, creatures.

<ibjjl^

kdshta, sown, set, planted.

A <.jL^ kahdh, meat cut into small pieces, and roasted on skewers with onions and eggs.

p .i-il^ Kdshghar,
Tartary.

name

of a city of Chinese

kjS

kihr, pride.
(pi. i^^i-fj

p ul-N-i kahk

kahkdn), partridge.

^S4
p i^Ji^ kahg, partridge.

88

s^/

A 'i^\^ kardmat (pi.

rosity, excellence,

C^U^

kardmdt), genemiracles.

vjiy^hahutar, pigeon, dove.

A
p
j--.i

magnificence, splendour;

mii'acle

kalir, great, large,

power of working

ci^

hat or kit (for

\jj

i^ hi turu), that thee.

p ^\Ji kardn, shore, coast, margin, bank.

A i^\z^ kitdh,ho6k.
the glorious book,

^Ws'*
i.e.

t^^ kitahi majid,

V j\^ kardna, margin,

corner.

edge, side, quarter,

the Kur'an. A

A c_->b^ hittdh, writing-school.

^\^

kardhat, aversion, detestation, disgust,

dislike.

<6l:ii

kitahat, inscription, title-page of a book.

Ad-_&Li kardhiyat, abhorrence, aversion, disgust.

^ ic-*^

huttdhe, a certain writing-school.

A ijj, kurbat,
distress.

affliction,

mental anguish,

grief,

A p su:>~ ^\::^ kitale c7ia(?,sundry books,several volumes A k_-^ ^m^m5

p
\

(pi.

of L^\:^ kitdh), books.

PjiiJp kirddr, action, deed, employment, practice, conduct.

p i-f;^'^ kirddre, a conduct, a practice.
p s.:l^^^J, kardast (for ^:l~'J\ i J^ karda ast), (he) hath done or committed. r J^^fi kirdigdr,

As^j kat-khudd, master of a family, householder.

i^S^^
i

kat-khuddie, a single householder.

or kataf, shoulder, shoulderiz.uj.i

ibi

kitf, katif,

God

the Omnipotent,

blade, omoplate. p a

i^Jz^y

o.-^-^ J dast

^<^S
Si^tji

kardan, to do, make, form, act, com-

bar katif basta, pinioned.

mit, perform, practise, discharge, execute,

A i^^t^ kuthub
hillocks.

(pi.

of c-''>^ kathlb),

sand-

p p

karda, made, done, accomplished,

-tf^

kaj,

crooked,

wry a kind of common

;

silk.

^^J> karde, was wont to make, would make. iU-i^ kirishma, wink, nod, languishing look,
glance.

r Is^ kujd, where p iXS

1

whence

whither

how ?

-(~

kaj-dgand, a garment of coarse silk

cuirass.

p ^Ji kirm,

worn under a

worm. <d-j kirmi plla, jeUow ^J> worm, silk- worm.

karam,
generosity,

p i^ls^ kajava, a cradle slung on each side of a camel, in which travellers and pilgrims (male or female) are carried.

*^

bounty,

liberality,

kindness, goodness, excellence.

A ^^Ji karame, an
A

act of liberality.

^^j^M*J

^^W^

kajdva-nishln, seated in a camel-

litter.

p (^^.s^ kujdii, whence art thou ? where art thou

(^Ijs^ j\ a% kujdil,

^,yf karrubiy, cherub. ^jS karlm (p pi. ^\^S

ciful;

karlmdn),

liberal,

PA
p

^'^ ^

from whence art thou?

munificent, bountiful, generous; benign, mer-

kaj-tab,^ perverse, dogged.

?

name

'w tiafs, of

^jmJc\\ j^\^ karlmtt of God. benevolent disposition, of a gene-

/!

A^ kudum, which
kad-khudd

of

what kind

rous soul.

^Jkj^ Jo

(pi. jjl'.^'A^ '^ lad-khudhouseholder, housekeeper, master of the house.

t*J

r^

karlman, kindly, generously (accusative

di/un),

used adverbially).

A ijt^ kiidurat, turbidness, gloom.

A A
p

A ^^*^S karlme, most exceeding generous.

A

i^\^ kaz%db,
\S> kird,
*,\Ji

arrant

liar,

great

liar.

ijS
said,

karih, detestable, filthy, odious, hideous,

CS^i^ kazdlika,
kirdm
(pi.

thus, so, in like manner.

;

hateful, disgusting.

LLJyA\ <0^ karlfiu ' hai'sh-voiced, having an execrable voice.

whom ? whom
of

to

whom ?

to

whom.
V

t^S

karlm), generous, p

<*^ ki az), that from, that of. k'az (for J^ J^ p A jj!LJLffJ^ k'azi ^kabash, because after him.

liberal,

beneficent, benign. Cl^ kirdman, kindly, considerately, generously (accusative being used adverbially).

ji ki sw,

that of him.

A iVj^ ka zaidin, like Zaid.

; ;

->
P A Jt> kazh-dum, (crook-tail), scorpion,
I

89

p jjLli^j.^i^ ktshwar-kushd'^e, a conqueror of

p ^jjS has,

any one, somebody, a person.

(pi.

kingdoms,
p
,-u*i

p ^^Lu^ kasan

of
;

^^

kas), persons, people.

kushl, thou slayest, thou shouldest kill,

A j'^ kasr, fracture

p A
(_>

affliction.

p ^Ju>jio kashidan, to draw,

of several

draw
;

out, stretch,

S Jiasra ->^ Easra'

Chosroes, a

name

drag, pull, trail, twitch, strip one's

self,

to

draw upon

bear, submit to, undergo, endure

kings of Persia.
A iLu*i ka sinnaur, like a cat.
p

to extend,

prolong

to spread.
;

iXJL^ kashida, drawn

suffered, endured.
i_..->jc

spread

experienced;

A iyjS kiswat (p

pi.

Kj^y^^ kiswathd), robe,

A

raiment, dress, garb, clothing; mode of dress; the covering in which the Kaaba is draped, made of black cloth embroidered with silver. p jtf-^ kase, any one, any ])erson
;

ka^

(p pi

^---'ti

ka-J)hd), the heel.

a certain
Ai

person
kase

a person of consequence.

^s^
draw

ki,

a person that.
of ^A--i.i kashidan),

(jAii

kash (imp.
(for

thou,

^\

d^ ki ash), that to him.

A Ljf^ ka-.hat, the Kaaba, or cube-shaped temple at Mecca, built, as the Muhamraadans pretend, by Abraham and his son Ishmael on the site of a still more ancient temple, built by Seth, and destroyed by the deluge. It is described by a modern traveller as an oblong massive structure 55 feet in length, 45 feet in breadth, and the heigh th somewhat greater It stands in an open pathan the length.
rallelogram of about 500 feet by 530, and is surrounded by colonnades, the pillars of which are made of various marbles. It is

p j^jLli kiishadan, to open, loose, let loose,

unloose, unbar, unbolt, untie
ture, subdue, conquer.
;

to take, cap-

jLlL^

kushuda, opened

open.

termed

dJo^ ^^^-^.

iaitu 'Ildh,

the house of
It
is

p ^j^j iS^Jlj^kushdda-ru,oi an open countenance.

God, and *.s-\ al haram, the sacred.

p^lcui ^as^aw(part.of^ Jv-Ai kashidan) drawing. p k_?l^ kiishdi (imp. of ^^ J>^Ai kushudan), open.
p ^UojuL^ kushtagan
i kishtan, to
kill,

covered with black cloth embroidered with silver, which is renewed every year.
p

(pi.

of ctxA^ kushta), slain.

till.

i^i

kaf,
;

palm of the hand

1.::,-^-^

sole of the foot

sow,

Kushtan, to slay.
;

hand

foam.

i-_a^ kafi dast,

palm of

murder, put to death

slain,

to

put out, ex
A

tinguish.

*c^ ia kaf dvardan, to the hand, ^^'^ji procure to secure in the hand.
'

icJUS kushta,

killed

extinguished

'ij[a kaffdrat,
^(rfdf,
\

atonement, expiation.

hath
hdshl,

slain,

having

slain.

^-ilj izJ^ kushta

A t_jU^

sufficiency,competency, pittance.

thou shalt have

slain.

p ^c^-^ kashti (but often erroneously pronounced

kishtl),

A p (JijJ uJ'Ji^ kafdfi andak, slender means, small competency.

vessel,

ship,

bark, boat.

Kushti,

o^

kafdfe, a pittance

a sufficiency,

com-

petency.
wrestling,

rj^^ v<^

kushti giriftan, to

A ij\sS kifdyat, sufficiency;

ness, prudence,

ability;

shrewdi.u--.jlii

grapple, seize in wrestling.

p
p

X. ^ L 'ikashtlldn, pilot, steersman, helmsman. <!:u*X-i) ^j:^ kashfl-shikasta, shipwrecked.

.

good sense. AP^J^i

kifdyat kardan, to suffice.

A j6, kufr, infidelity, impiety, blasphemy.

^g<*.'>

kasha/a, he uncovered, he unvailed.

p fjLs^ kafsh, shoe, sandal, slipper.

Kashaf, opening, manifesting, revealing, discovery investigation.

;

p
A

J j^/L^y5;fl/jsA-(?o3,shoemaker,cobbler,crispin.
ti^ kafan,

p ^J.li kushudan, to open.

shroud, winding-sheet.

^ jy^ kishtcar, climate, clime, quarter, region

of the world.

jJ^

kafur, impious, infidel, ungrateful.

rt.

A wi^-i^ kafaita (pret. of

hast done enough.

J^

kafa'),

thou

p \JlS

jy^

kishwar kushd, conqueror of king-

^j\

c:--*i^ kafaita azan,

doms.

thou hast done harm enough.

12

.1^

90
V

r
kamtar,
less,

J
little.

A Ji
p

hill, all, every, universal,

whole.

i\j\

j:^

very

f^i,j^ kam-

kullu inds-in, every vessel.

<U..-K

tarem, (we) are less.

(especially

lalusa, wells

pilgrims to

where travellers Mecca) drink.

^jUA^ kamtann,
kamar, waist
;

least, smallest, lowest.

p^^

girdle, belt.

*K

Icaldm,

word, discourse, speech, saying.

Tartar cap, bonnet.

p '^'^j^ kamar-land, waistband, girdle, in which

r ihi kuluh, cap, hat,

the Orientals carry their money.

^S iK
(

kuldh-gosha, peak of a high cap. dog.

Vj\^fSkam-^'ijdr, below standard, base

p A-/*^

(coin),

A
p A

^K

Icalh,

k^-K]^

|Jx

c^/a

/a/^?,

kamand, noose,

lasso.
;

against the dog.

<iul^ Z;m75,

A
p A

-*i

kamly, armed, mailed

bold, brave, strong,

shop, warehouse.

fjJ^

his, quick lime for

making mortar.

^j^^ kamln, defective, mean. f^^j^ kamm, ambush, ambuscade.

JO jj.-^ kamm-gdh, place of ambush, ambuscade,
kaminam,
(I)

J^ kallim,

speak

to,

address (imp.of 2nd form

A p

of the verb *1^).

uK

kalimat,

word, saying.

a p

X^ <uK
word

p /^u.^ p

am

mean.
humble, mean;
least,

^--^ kamina,
lowest.

base, low,

kalima<-i chand,

a few words, a brief dis(Juii

course.

/jkTs-

kalimaii hakk, the

j^

kim, be or become thou (imp. of

rt.

of truth.

^^

\^

kulu, eat ye (2 per. pi. irregular imp. of

kdna, concave j

wdw

governing the ace).

p jLi kandr, shore, margin, bank, brink, edge,

side.

the verb

^\).

Kindr, embrace

lap,

F ^j\^ kulnkh, clod, brickbat.

bosom, j j jL^
the lap.

j^i>p kindr dar kardan, to

(juuV

fill

.Li

p ;1ju\

-i4l>

kulukh-anddz, slinger.

J kinar u

bos,

embracing and kissing.

p t-JU^ ^*ii kulukh-kob, mallet for breaking

clods, clod-crusher.

p ij[:S kandra, side, edge,

^^j^^ iX:^ kandra

ginftan, to retire, withdraw, to go aside. p (^lii kundn, making, doing (part. pres. of the

A
"

li

kulll,

wholly, entirely, whole, entire, ab-

solute.

verb
V
;

p JuK hlld, key. p jS kam, few, little ; less, small minished, decreased. abated, di-

^'^J>

kardan).

kunj, corner, nook.

p (.livA-srLi kunjishk, sparrow. p ,c=sa^ kunje, a corner, a nook.

A *S ku7nm, sleeve. A

Ui

kamd,

as,

according
a

as.

xA hind,
(^J^

dull, blunt.

Kiinad, he makes.

p j\;T fS kam-dzdr,

rare

whipper, seldom

PjJkii

Vandar

(for

.Jijl

d^ ki andar), that

in.

using the cane for punishing idle boys.

kandan, to dig, excavate, raze, extir-

JU^

kamdl, perfection, excellence.

<i]U^

pate, overthrow.

Ai kamdlihi,

by his perfection.
perfect in beauty.

p ^^i^'JLi^

/;2<zW/^,fire- temple;

Christian church;

Jews' synagogue; pi-ofession, occupation.

A l::^jsV

JU^ kamdl'hahjat,

^i.^

J^

A i^-jc.^ kanidn, Canaan,

grandson of Noah. shdhidam man

kamdl-bahjate, a perfection of

^Ui^jJ

Aj

"beauty.
p

^^ ^ aA&LI
am

.U^ kamdn, bow. (JL^ ^J^kamdnikaydnl, a strong bow is so called the Kayanian bow brought to perfection was archery because Persians under the Kayanian, or the among
;

wale na dar kan^dn, I

in Canaan,

a beauty but not

his beauty,

where Joseph (from

I.

called ,.Xx:S iL<

mdhi kan^un, the moon of

'
_

Canaan) was born,

to excellence.

i.e.

make no

pretension

second dynasty of kings.

V j\Sj\>%^ kamdn-dur, archer,

bowman.

kunamat, I should make thee.

J^
p jji^o ^hnun (for

91
p

u^
to

^y^^ ahnUn) now.

ui^Jj^o

1^^ koftan.
strike, crush,
<fc;i^^o/?,

pound, beat, knock, thump,

'knunat,

now

to thee,

smash,

^i^
(rt.

X-we,

thou makest, canst or wilt

Icardan).
;

make

beaten, pounded; wearied, knocked

^'^S

up, tired, dead beat; hashed or

pouuded meat.
kuni
Tchar,

p J->ii kamz, maid, virgin, girl p (Jij-ii hanlzak

(pi. ^^lij*ii

female servant.

j^^

kun, fundament.

.:>-

^y

kanlzakdn), handp

(fundament of an
blockhead
;

ass), a great fool, an arrant mischievous, depraved.

maid, damsel, female servant or slave.

iy

koh,

mountain,

ku, street, lane

where,
(for

(for

.1

dLi

^e u),

p jLAJj>4i kohsdr, mountainous.

for he,

that he.
is
;

u::-a-:Is^

X-iya 's<),

where

where

is

he

where

is

he gone

p i^\:xmjJ&^ kohistdn, mountainous tract, hillcountry.

p ic^*^ kohe, a mountain, a certain mountain,

P ^-r^y kob, strike, thump, knock (rt ^ii).

p i\jy kutuh, short, small,
tracted.
little,

dwarfish, con-

p p

^_5i

ku, street, lane, alley.

ku^e, a certain street or lane.
;

PA Si ilj^iA-u^aA-7irt(?<7,shortofstature, dwarfish.
p Ajji kutak, short; contracted
;

^^
as;

withdrawn,

p <o ki, that

for,

because

than

but

lest

p c:-*-;^

<0'i

kutah-dast, short-handed.
(pi.

when; while; where; saying;

who.

P A iiJ ijy kutah-nazar

^J^'i

^S kutah-

what, which (interrogative and relative).

i^yj J <::^-^Jj\ az dast u zabdni ki, from the hand and tongue of whom ? from whose hand and tongue ?
<b

nazarun), short-sighted.

P lLXs--^ kuchak,
P w5Jji kiidak

little,

small.

{pi. ^^^ i^

^ kudakdn), hoy, youth,

^ud-

p <b kih, p
J^ji^

little,

small,

mean,

inferior.

child, lad, brat, urchin.

kihtar, smaller, lesser,

kalif,

meaner,

inferior.

pJji^uf/Z,7, childishness, boyishness,

ake, a child, a boy.

A k_j^^
<'s^
F ^^'^y kaudan, dull, lazy, slow, stupid
;

cave,

cavern; asylum,

refuge.

^\s^\

ashdbi kahf, cave-companions,

obese.
t.e.

the seven sleepers in the cave of Ephesus.

p jji kur

(pi.

^^j^

kurdn), blind, sightless.

i^S

kuhan, old.
kuhan-plre, an old or aged man.

p Lii^^sTj^ kur-hakht, (blind-fortune), unfortunate.

kur-dil, blind -hearted p (J^ p ;^ km, curved, bent down.

p p
p

o-j ^^S
tU.^^

j^

stupid.

kuhna, old.
kat,

when ? how

(pi. ^^Ij^

kaydn), a

pushti kuz, curved back, humpback.

"great king.
A

p j^ kuza, gugglet, jug, p

(jwu^i

jar, decanter.

d^\^ kii/dsat,
j;.jLi

sagacity, acuteness, shrewdness.

kos,

drum.

jjt>;

^^^^

kos zadan,

A
to

kiydsate, a sagacity.
(pi.

beat a drum.

^\S kaydn
name of

of

kai),

kings

the sur-

p ^jLtiS
p

koshtsJi, effort,

endeavour.
p

the second dynasty of Persian kings.

^yS^^

kosMdan, to

strive, struggle, labour,

effort,

(J^
the

kaydnl, Kayanian, used in the time of

(as the Plantagcnets or Tudors).

endeavour, take pains, make

strenuously

Kayans

r ^jjmss:^

Kai Khusrau,

Cyrus, the third king

A p <ij^ Kufat, a city on the Euphrates, four

days' journey from Baghdad, and so near Basrah, that the two towns are called the

of the

llustara

Kayanian or second dynasty of Persia, was one of his generals, and his war
is

with Afrasyab, king of Turkistan,

brated in the Shah-Nama.
p -o klr, penis. p c^****^ klst,

cele-

two Basrahs or the two Kufahs. In Basrah and Kufah were rival schools of learning. The
oldest

Arabic characters extant are called Kufic, and so named from this city.

who

is

he

who

is ?

who he

is.

.*^

92

-y

M^ kisll
"

(for

i5^**^ <
art.

^'J

hash),

who

art

p ci^-ucJj ^xT guzashtast, hath passed (a con-

thou

who thou
name

traction of ei-v-j^

izJ^^ guzashta

ast).

p i^>j^ kisa, purse, scrip, money-bag.

p jji-*i klsh,

p ^^yJ:>^ guzashtan, to pass, elapse;

to

pass

of an island at the entrance

away;

to

die; to cross over.

to the Persian Gulf.

Kayash,

how

of

him

p <fc^ Ai ^Mzas/i^rt, passed, by gone, slipped V

away.

A <ui-i kaiflyat, character, account, state, cumstances. p

p
.n-..-i

cir-

gar, if; although,

what though; whether.

P
ICimiydgar, alchymist.
^j^\

^^^^ ga/rdim
revered, great.
to be dear.

or girdmi, precious, excellent

^jS
this;

kin, (for

ki

in),

that this, for

^^Xi

^^^^ girdmi
;

shudan,

whether
this,

this; thinking-or

fancying this;
p

saying

(for i,:^ klna), hatred, rancour.

^\^ girdn,

dear, precious
;

heavy, ponderous,

weighty, grave

dull

sore.

p ijXAJyji girdn-mdyd, of great worth, precious,

valuable,
p jj\^ gdzur,

^\^ girdne,

a heavy, dull, lumpish fellow

washerman;

bleacher, fuller.

a foolish and disagreeable person; a bore. p 1^ J>-j^^ girdndan, to have an affection towards,
to be inclined to; to explore, examine, note, pry into, mind, look to.

p a}6 gam, palate.

p

gdv

(pi.

^\t\S gdvdn), bull, ox. ^^\j *'^

to drive oxen, to plough.

gdv rdndan,

^IT
p

j^. gdvi cambar, the sea-cow from which

the Persians suppose the ambergris to come.
p tJ"jo gave, an ox, one ox.

ijSgurba,
poor puss.

cat.

^jSm>^ ijfgurba^-e miskvi,

\i^ gurbuz),
artful, flattering,

y ^ gurpuz {or
seductive.

i^ gdh,
sir*;
.

time, place;
i\S

at times, at

one time.

p LLJji garat, if to thee, p

guh u llgdh,

in season

and out of

season.

^^S garchi (for

what though.
i^f yard, dust
;

L^^f\

agarchi), although,

p ^Jb\i gdhe, at times

p

one while.
p
fine

jS gahr,

dust that
;

flies in

the

air.

fire-worshipper, infidel, guebre.

Gird, round, around

the circular motion of

p \i^ gadd

{ot^\^ gaddi, Tp\.^\j\ J^^ gaddydn),

gadu-tabi., of a beggarly nature.

the dancing dervishes.

j^J^I lifgirddma-

beggar, mendicant.
p

dan, to convene, to meet together, to flock,

to gather round, to assemble; to accumulate,

f-^

\>i6

^ijc gaddn,

beggary, mendicity, begging;

Gadds.e, a beggar.

mount
lect,

up.

\zJ^j^'^

9^^^ dvardan, to col-

condition of a beggar.
V

lay up, gather, accumulate.

collect,

^^J^

J.i'

j\^ guzdr,

leave, let alone, give up, relin{vt.

gird kardan, to

amass, accumulate.

quish, resign

^^Jii\^ guzdshtan).
p

^^^j\i ba girdash, around him, about him.

p ijJjiJii guzdrdan, to perform, discharge, pay,

satisfy
;

^^ gurd
hero,

(pi.

^^Cs^ gurddn),
whirlpool.

strong, valiant;

to pass one's

time

to allow.

p ^^jxJ^iS^ guzdshian, to quit, leave, let go, pass

by, omit
perfoi'm.
;

i^\df gird-db,
lected about.

to allow, sufier

to discharge, pay,

p i(JL^T iij^ gird dtnada, gathered around, col-

J j6 guzar, passage,
pass on, pass by,

pass, place of transit. Js^i

to

^^l}^ garddn, revolving.

j^Jp guzar hardan,

p i^JujijJo

cross

over,

to

pass,

away

p or off; to die.
to

^S^\i^^ garddnidan,
;

to cause to

become, to

guzrdnidan, to cause to pass;

to make to roll or rerender, to constitute volve, to turn round; to allow; to avert; to

send, to carry, to waft.

alter;

to turn

away.

I.

; ; ;

4
p
turn, motion.

93
p

^Jifgardish, revolution, vicissitude, change,

^^Ji^ girdgun,
^1^^ garden,
walnut.

^^

girydn, weeping, shedding tears, crying.

girihdn, collar-opening, or breast of a

^J;V:' ri

p
p

garment,

the neck.

^^^ ^^^ gardan

;

p ^jus:rf gurelch tan, to

fly, flee,

run away; to

rebel, disobey;

kashldan, to withdraw the neck to mutiny, to stretch the neck.

abscond, escape.
p

i^i'^S guieMta,

fled;

absconded, run away.

^g^
"

^Jj^ gardan-kasJn,
;

outstretching of the
V
;

\i^ gurez,

fliglit.

neck

pride, arrogance

refractoriness.

p ^^>^f garduyi, windlass, wheel; heaven, the

celestial sphere.

p
p

^yj^

gure%dn, taking flight.

to

^^x*t^S giristan,
bewail.

weep, shed

tears,

bemoan,

p bj^girda, round cake, but not thin. p V

i^^^ garde,
revolve, roll
to

a dust; a
to

down.
to

i^S garltaa

or girnva, high ground, steep

bank, acclivity, ravine.

^Sij^^ gardldan,
;

hccome;

change;

to

walk around, wander about hover or hang about.

to

V ^.\S gtrya, crying,

weeping

tears.

p i^\'S guzdf,\a\n or rash act or word.

ha giizdf, with impunity.

>!/;

p yjJJ^i gardlda, become; changed.

Po A.' J-^
p ,j=
p
'

gardide, he (or
giristan, to

it)

would have become.

;

p jJji gazand, damage, hurt, harm, detriment. p c/J^Ji gazande, an injury, a harm. p

-J

weep, shed tears

hunger.

to cry.

^^.^^ gursinagi,
(pi.

^)i^S gazldan,
^^S^\j:^
daii), to

to bite.

Guzidan, to choose.

p <Lw.<^ gursina

^^uu-^ gursinagun), hunpri-

p jji gimr, aid, help, remedy.

gry, starving, famishing.

gustardnldan (or

^^j^ gudarto

V Jcj^ giriftur, taken, seized, captivated

8oner,captive.

spread.

^Xt\ Jcj S giriftdr dmadan,

p JijiM^ gustarad,

he should spread.
;

to be taken prisoner.

p ^^^MUM^ gusistan, to break p

p
p

break down.
snap asunder.

p c:.-^-uij^ giriftast, has taken (for c:,-^^) icjji ) p

^.XJ^X^ gusildnidan,
i^JuL*^
^jLJui giishddan,

to break,

^j:j^ giriftan,
seize, hold,

to take, get; to capture, catch,

;

gusilidan, to break, snap asunder.

to open.

apprehend
;

to subjugate to carp at
;

to re-

ceive, adopt

to derive

to

begin

to stop, close up.

p (JluA-J itAJl^ gushdda-peshdni,)^.;^^!^

an ex-

panded front and a joyful countenance.

p izij^ girifta, taken, caught, captured.
p p (C^^-i girifte, he
<::...^^^^::J:i^

gashtast, hath passed.

;

would have taken.

p
i^^Swili

gurgan), wolf. s^/ gurg (pi. p iS\j t^^ gurg-%ada, bom a wolf; wolf's cub.
p

^^
;

gashtan, to become

to

be changed

to pass, depart.

p p

it-iki

gashta,
guft,

become
he

turned into.
;

*^ garm, hot,

warm

thronged, busy, brisk,

c:,^

spoke

speech,

speaking

active (market).
p

preaching, preachment.

^^^

garnii, heat,

warmth,

fever.

p [Jo giiftd (for ^j:^^ gu/t), he said.

F jl:iAi giiftdr, discourse, speech, saying, argu-

j\x>^^ garml-dar, feverish, fevered, febrile,

t^S girav, tract,

wager, pledge, deposit,

pawn

con-

ment, conversation

profession (as opposed

engagement.
p

to j^JiS h'rdur, practice).

v_'

p p
p

i^ji

guroh, troop, band, gang, bevy, crowd.

a certain sect or class.
to follow, admire, believe,

-- gs guftast,

hath spoken.

iJ^yf gurohe,
imitate
to

p (juL4>iAi guftamash, I said to him. p

^Si*J> gtrawldan,
;

,^'^ guftame,

would

say.
tell,

be attached, to stick close.

p ^^yJt^ gu/tan, to speak, say,

talk

to call

94

'/
or repaired

to recite, repeat, rehearse ; to compose (poetry).

l::-^-;!

by

iiijjJl

kX^ ^azadu 'd dau

store.

at.

ijljjl

(.i^iiS'

(j-s*^

ftl:.::-*^

vnttnua

p
F

suMnn

gitftanum uftdda asf, abstaining from speaking has fallen to me, i.e. has been chosen by me.

^i ganj, treasure, hoard, j:^ ganje, a treasure,

r(72<y'!^flw,

p ^x-.sr

to be held,contained,stowed.
^jlj
r^

A-.:-iii

t::^Ai ffuft
;

u shanid, conversation,
debate, altercation, con-

p /(X^^fl(/M?w, wheat, corn,

axS gancorn,

discourse, dialogue

dumi hirydn, parched wheat, toasted

p \jx-^ gandand, leek.
p^i^jUjco) ga7ida)idzdr, bed of leeks,

troversy.

!:iAi

gufta, said, spoken; hath said or spoken

having spoken.
p Vf^Ji^ffuftahu
sayings.
p
(pi. of ij^^M/i(a),

p 2sSu^ ganda, fetid, foul, off'ensive, stinking,

things spoken,

^X'S:^ gandidan,

to

have a foul smell, emit

a stench, stink, putrefy.

J^

ffil,

clay,

mire,

earth

a kind of argil p
r

with which
hair.

women
;

in the East cleanse their

i^xS gandlda,

fetid, stinking, off'ensive.

Gul, rose

flower.

L^^ ffid-db, rose-water.

<^^i ^Mw^j dumb, mute, i^ gunah, crime, sin, harm,

<f gu
(or

p ikj:,^ pilat, thy rose. p j^l:uuli gulistan, rose-garden, flower-garden.

V jkAls fful-shalcar, conserve of roses, p

p .IT i:^ gunaligdr, criminal, sinful. ^

^f guy,
;

imp. of

^j^
wA;i

guftan),
^o/',

speak, say

a ball.

_lc

^Jji guyi

ball

Ji

gilam, (I)

am

clay.
;

of ivory.
to carry
p
eJi>U'>

i^'^J.
off"

p <di gala,

flock, herd, drove troop. Gila, complaint, lamentation; blame; accusation, remonstrance.

i^yff^!/^ the bull of merit.

J^

hurdan,

gaivdhi, evidence, testimony, witness,

p p

tS got;

grave,

tomb; wild

ass.

^^^ gile,
'flower.

lump

of clay.

Gule, a rose; a

p p

^j^ gore,
sJi^S

an onager
(pi.

entire,

J^ gilim, blanket, mantle, garment of goat's

hair.
i^-^-rA^

gosfand

^^Joi-.^

gosfanddn),

sheep, goat.
gilime, a blanket, a single blanket,

p p

^^
k.u-^.i,

gosh, ear.

"one blanket.

r gosht, meat, flesh.

Goshat, thine ear.

S gum,
gum

lost,

dwindled, reduced,

i^'^y

(^

p ^^KaJ:^^ gosh-mdl, (rubbing the ears), chas-

kardan, to lose.

tisement,punishment.

^'^j^ ^^^a-L^gosh-

p j^xit*^ gumdshian, to appoint, depute, commission, entrust, set over. r

mdl hhwurdan,

to receive chastisement.

\\AJ:i^ gosJi-yndll, (box on the ear) chastise-

(O^^ gumdn,
position. ^j'-V

doubt,

suspicion,

fancy, supto think,

ment;

reproof, reprimand.

L:;^ gumdn burdan,

T,^ iJ:iSgosh-wdr or

ij\^^gosh-wdra, ear-ring.
;

suppose, suspect.

p <Li,^ gosha, corner, nook

privacy,

retire-

p Ju J
;

J^

S gum-harda-farzand, that
i.e.

had

ment; peak.
p ^^y>J^
ikJ^iji

bereaved parent, Jacob, father of Joseph.

lost a son,

the patriarch

gosha-nisMn

(pi.

^u^-jU

<Li>i

p !i\:S gundh (pi. ^^[s>[S gunuhdn), sin, fault,

error, crime.

gosha-nishlndn), squatting or lurking in a corner recluse, solitary, retired; hermit.

;

p
p p

i^^S gaugird,
j^iji

brimstone, sulphur.
of various hues or kinds.

p ^Jb\:S gundJie, a crime.

\j^ gun-u-gun,

S^ gumhad
name

x^gumlaz), dome, cupola, vaulted building. Jud^ S^ gumhazi

(also
t.azad,

ij^ guna, manner, mode, way, sort, fashion. tU r i^>- chi guna^e, how farest thou ?

of a celebrated mosque, probably built

rJsX^rtw/iar, jewel, gem; essence, substance.

if

^9
p ^_j^ gu, p
1^1

95

U
i!

ball, cricket-ball;

speech, saying.

A JifcS^

lujaward, lapis lazuli.

Id haula, or in full
'i\

V.^

S^yf'^n,

speaking, saying, talking.

p Si p

S giiyad,

J 45is)

li

'i^

i!

j J_p-

says, speaks (rt. ^^j:Ji^ guftan).

<jISU ?a /??<? ?<? Id Tcutoata tlld hi 'lldh,

(there

iX^i^ guyanda, talker, speaker; warbler. ^^guil, thou speakest, thou wouldest say.
;

p <b gah, time

then.

at one time, sometimes

now

no power nor strength but in God (a phrase employed by the jMuhammadans in times of difficulty and calamity to recommend and enjoin submission, patience and acquiescence).
(is)

A -rs- ^ Id Mair,

not good.

V .^f guhar,

gem;

race, family.

CSLis^ 3

la arjumannaJca, verily I will stone

rt.

p ib Ai gah gah, time to time, occasionally. p V p

thee (emphat. aor. of the

*^j

).

^^^ guhe,
i\f giyah

at one time, one while.

(pi.

A *LJ^}\

ij,

tU)Lj&j

Id

rahbdmyata

Ji

'I

islam,

^Jct\S glyahan),
;

grass.

(thereis)nomonachism (or monkery) in Islam.

A t_^i^
Idzib, firm, solid.
c_.>OJ <-::-^^j^

ij^
\j\

g'iVi,

world

fate, destiny.

zarbati

^z^ gitiara,
;

world-adorning.

Idzib, a

thundering blow, a stunning thwack.

A
p iiJ

*]'$

Idzim, necessary, obligatory, suitable. Idsha, corpse, carcase.

la

^^^ gitl-furoz,
^J^J>

world-illuminating.
p

^i!

p -o glr, granted
the verb

take, hold,

keep (imp. of

A Uic^

aczam, surely the greatest.

gtrijtan).

p c^ Idghar, thin, lean, lank, slim, meagre.

;

p J>j^ glrad, takes or will take

seize (rt. giriftan).

seizes or will

i^L^

-c^ Id gh ar-miydn, slender- waisted.

^^^J^ glram, I admit, grant, allow, accept *j^

p tjyc^' Idghare, a lean

(rt.

man

or person.

^^
V

'il

Idf, boast,

vain-glory, brag,

^dj

(_*^

giriftan).

luf zaddn, to boast, to brag, to bluster.

seize

Pj\o J ^^^ir u ddr,

and hold; dominion.

ringlet.

p aj^ Idla, tulip.

yj^ glsu

(pi.

^\yj>^ gisuwun),

^gJ
z*^

hidlit- (pi. of ^jJ lii4ui), pearls.

A A A

Idma, he blamed (concave j wdic)

^A^^

Idmani, hath censured me.

<0j1

^^

Id

wa

'lldhi,

no, by
;

God
is

la, (a

prefix) verily.

Li, to, for (a particle

^i tazurarii,

p JjS Idyad, talks idly

(rt. j_jJuj1'

complains,

snappish

nasbating the aorist), as iSjij^ that thou mayest visit me.

luyidan).

A ^;jt*uj

'i

Id

yasacum, holds

me

not, hath not

S Id,

no, not (a simple negation), as iii*-J

room
la

to contain

me

(aor. of the rt. ^--^j);

la yaskl,

he giveth not

to drink,
;

-J

"i

(>iiJ ^ Id yaJcil,

he understands not
rt.

hence,

tamurru, thou passest not by (also a prohibitive particle gezmating the aorist), as
^^jiAJ
5!

stupid, stolid, dull (aor. of the

Ji^).

Id tamrMH, do not upbraid.

A >Lxj A

1d

yadam, knows
yu gh lahu.
is

not; ignorant, stupid.

A ijjjj^^ ^ ^" tahzananna, grieve thou not (emphatic aorist of the

rt.

(J^iij ^ Id

not shut, shall not be

^alaJca).

shut (aor. pass, of the

rt. (_i-c

^o>-).

jJ^^auskT" i la tahsibunl,
^

account ye

me

not.

^^
k_J

Idtik,

fit,

suitable, becoming, befitting.

critic,

A JjtRj

Id ta/^al,

do not (gezraate of JjtiJ he did).

A *jiWds2m, blamer, slanderer, accuser;

ccusurer.
p
lab, lip;

tafialu, aor. of the rt. ,Jjtj fa<. ala,

brink, margin, rim.

attire,

j^r-*J ^ Id

tamnun, upbraid not with favours

A (^/wU

libdSy

garment, apparel, garb,

conferred (gezmate of .Xi <aJMWM,a8urdvb.)

habit, dress, clothing.

A *jS^

Id

jaram, certainly, of necessity.

A ^-jU

libdse, a dress.

m^'

bJ

90

A lycJ la ha gh au. verily they would have rebelled (pi. pret. of the
rt.

A p ij\j Jkxl la^l-pdra, piece of ruby.

^J^.)-

A tU^
called from
p

la-^nat,

curse, imprecation, malediction.

.,LJ Ziihndn,

mount Lebanon, so
its

^y^[}^
xl

la gh zldan. to slip, slide,

stumble.

the milky whiteness of

perpetual snow.

Idgkw, inconsiderate act or speech, blunmistake,

slip,
fall.

A iSj^j^

^i

tazuranl, that thou mayest visit

der,

t-fV*^

la gh wi,

my

me
A
p

(aor. of the rt. jlj %ura,

lahzat, look, glance
;

concave

wuw).
A
a piece A A

indiscretion.

6^h.<z'

moment.
little,

^^
*lil

laghwe, a lapsus lingnae.

Lr->js:'

laUif,

somewhat, some, a
an instant, a
y

liiS lafz,

word, expression, vocable.

encounter
;

or part.

lihdi, meeting,

aspect, face,

^As-

lahhte,

little

while.

visage, countenance.

A aiijj lad ghat

stinging (as of a scorpion).

flavour, delicious taste.

jJil

lakad, of a truth, verily

already.

A ^Ujil

Luhndn, name of
said to
;

a certain wise

man,

i jj

la%%at, delight, lazzat,

PA C-JJlj ha
A CS^ jo
A
p
ji.>

with flavour.

Jci.?jiij

ba lazzattar, more savoury, or delicious.

li zalika,

on that account, therefore.

delightsome, luxurious,

jj laziz, delicious,

jJ larza, shiver,
J

tremor, trepidation, quaking,

have been a son of Job's sister or aunt by others to have been a disciple of David by others, a judge in Israel; whilst others declare him to have been an emancipated Ethiopian slave. He is the author of some Arabian fables, and is supposed by many to be the same as ^sop. One chapter of the Kur'an is named after him.
;

by some

p ^s-^j

larzidan, to tremble, shake, quake,

(UJiS

hkmat, morsel, mouthful;

(UJil lukmai-i

a pittance.

shiver.

A p

Ai^

chand, several mouthsful.

A j^LJ

lisdn,

tongue

language,

ij

LJ lisdnuhu,
A lLX! laka, for thee, to thee.
A tUl'l^
li kdtibihi, for

his tongue, his language.

TjLjII lashkar, army, host.

p lJj^-^
lashkarl
;

the writer of

it.

(pi.

^^1.^-^*1

lasMariyan),

A *i3 la kum, for you, to you. A

A
.-i--k.s^ li 'I khallthin, for
--io- 11 li
.ill

military

soldier, guard, attendant, military

;

the filthy.

man, officer soldiery. a whole host of soldiers.

A

Lashlcare, an army,

V
7

rahmdn,

to the merciful (God).

L^Val

lisdlnhihi, for its

owner.
;

A k.^J

li

gharlbi, to the stranger.

A <LJiy latdfat, grace, elegance gentleness, ness, graciousness, gentle means.

A
soft-

lam, not, (a gezraating particle prefixed to

the aorist, and usually

not alwaysgiving
la^^

A t^jjy lutf, gentleness, graciousness, amiableness, kindness, lenity, grace, favour; elegance.

a past signification

lam yarahd, he
in lam akun,

hath not seen her.

if I

^\ J ^

A e_i-.y latif (p
graceful
;

pi.
;

(^U*y

latifdn), elegant,

may

not be.

Lima, why? wherefore?

witty

fine, light, delicate.

A t*]
c_r..)jS

lammu, when.

li-iaJ latifan,

delicate (ace. of

latlf).

AalL.y latlfat (ppl \X latlfaha), pleasantry, bon-mot, witty or facetious saying.

A p

.laj"

J lam

tatir,

had not flown, had not the

(gezmate of
-kj tatlru, fem.

power of

flight

^^
jLJ
It

t_g^,l?!

latlf-Mu, of a mild, gentle, A

aor. of the rt. jlL? tdra,

j.t2>-*l

concave

^ ye).
(rt. /*i

affable disposition.

lumtunna, ye (females) blamed

A
A

i_^
i

la-.b,

play, sport.

Idma, concave,^ wdiv).

^xio**) himtunnanl,

^ihadihi, for (or to) his servants.

ye blamed me.
A ^J^xA^i lama^dn, sparkle, shine, glitter.

A ^JjJ lad, ruby.

A JjJ la^lla, perhaps. ^ they.

(*y^ la-^llahum, haply

'

A ^J-iJ

lam yakhilu, they accepted not (gczrt.

raated aor. of the

J^-j).

^
J
A

97

CU
if.

lam

yaltafitna,

they will not regard

rt. '.::^ij ).

A ijjJ la in, verily

CS^^as^j^

^:iiJ' /J

^^

(aor. pi. fem.

8th form of

*^^; jol la nuzilcannahum, assuredly we will make them taste (emphatic aor. of jj^ J^ azalea,
4th form of the
rt.

la in lam tantahi la narjmmmnalca, verily if thou desistest not, wc will surely stone thee

(gezmated

aor. of

^^^^\

intaha', 8th

form of

jl J zdka, concave j tvuw).

the rt.j^^,and emphatic aor. of the

rt.*::>-j).
;

A
p

'

^/^-g'-^ li yiafsika, for tliyself.

(.S^

lang, lame, limping, halting.

A cuJ llnat, excellence, mildness, softness humanity ; a kind of palm-tree a tall palm.
;

r ijJ langar, anchor,

dan, to cast anchor.

j^jly XJ langar

A
nihCi-

*-JiJ

lanm, mean, base,

*-JiJ

vile, sordid, grovelling.

_Jall

lanmu

't

tahi,oia sordid nature.

jl ^<?w, if, unless,

had but.

A ^\\^ lawdzim, necessary things, requisites. p ^! Inch, squint-eyed.

A r
/

am,

me we

of me, my.

^
on
;

lauh, tablet,

board used as a slate to write

p L* md,

us

of us

our.

copy-book.
(pi. of tJ\ J lurt),

p jjV.J^ luriyuv

the people

A t md, not;
that which
:

what, whatever, whatsoever,

what

of a mountainous province of Persia lying to the N.E. of Khuzistan, and having Kurdistan to the North.

A 't 2i, water. ^;y ^l^ rndtu nahrihd, the water of its river.
A u^Lftj t

LrJ

Lut, Lot, nephew of Abraham.

blame, reproach, censure.

A
A

/^ laum,
<d

A
it.
;

jjyij'

t*

md hikalbi, what (is) in the heart. md takulu, that which thou sayest;
?

lahu, to

him, for him

to

it,

for
;

what
ac-

sayest thou

(aor. of the rt.

Jli

kdla,

A <isT

lahjat, voice,
;

sound, tone

accent

concave J wdio).
p *jt* mdtam, grief, mourning.

centuation

speech, talk.

A Cl^ya

dl

lahu saut, to

him {i.e he had)

a voice.

A (_frr A
-i2>.

^
L*

*"

y<?**'j

what occurred
which
is

accident,

A *^J lahum, to them, for them.

A yj^ lahw, play.

incident, event, occurrence.

laiJ>,

c_^
i.e.

j ^J lahw u
I have.
<031

md

hazara, that

ready.

playing and toying, sport, game, fun.

A ^c^=^ l^ md hazarl, the

fruit,

milk, and

A jJ

ll,

for
ll

me, to me,

_^^
A

cheese which constitute a Persian breakfast.

/^^

i^s^j

maza' lldh waktun, I have with God

of exclamation), would
!

J t* md ddma, whilst continues

;

as long

an hour (or a season).

A u::^
to
laita, (particle
!

as remains

during, as long

as.

p ijL* mddar, mother.

dar, grandmother,

jl>L iJUi

mddarimd-

God

would that

that
^jJ

grannam.

A t-i-J
laith,

laith, lion.

ct-^

of the second sovereign of the dynasty of the SaflRiridcs (coppersmiths), who reigned in Persia from 878 to 901.

name

V*^ ^mr

bin

A ^jU# mdzd, what

what

is

this?

Pjt* mar, snake,

serpent.

(According to Ori-

ental legends, every subterranean treasure is placed under the guardianship of a serpent).

^_^jyJ

laisa,

there

is

not

is

not

not.

jjuwJ

p
p

(l-

mdrd,

to us

for us

us.

Aa*u laisa yaslamu, he will not be

will not escape.

safe,

he

2f

jjji^^t* mdr-guzida, bitten by a serpent.

p p
A

ulXJ

lek,

or ^^xJ lekin, but.

night.
J-ii^ al
lail,

p t_fjt* mdrl, (thou) art a serpent. the night.

p Ll-jt* mdst, sour milk, buttermilk,

JJ

whey.

lail,

jAJ

ZaiVa',

name

A^sL7az!(fem. tL.iL* mdziyat), past, bygone.

of the mistress of Majnun.

(The loves of this celebrated pair are the subject of one of Nazami's poems.

A cJlxJ^ L*

md

^arafndka,

we have

not

known

Thee

(rt.

4i^ ^ara/a).

1.3

;;

JU
A

98
p p

tL* mdh-rus-e, one fair as the moon.

jnuhl, fish.

J l^

mas-dl, end, goal, termination, issue.

^jj

A Jt-* mdl, money, wealth, property, substance

prosperity,

ij^^
|cr^^

p
master, owner, possessor; con-

mdhiye, a

fish,

one

fish,

a certain

fish.

Pj\ jJL* mul-dur, wealthy,opulent,monied man.

p toU* muya, amount, sura, quantity; wealth,

acLxIL*
troller.

muliJc,

capital, stock-in-trade, store.

A --l-^ mttbdh, lawful, allowable

A LC^St^
A

allowed to

mdlikl, relation of master

ownership.

be taken or sufiered to be shed with impunity.

l^

L^

riil

md

li

gharih, (there is) not for

the stranger.

A(_J^

U mas-luf, familiar, ordinary, accustomed,

jL^ ma bdd, may jL^ mahudd, let

away
!

there not be
it

not be

by no means
muhdrizdn),

lest.

customary.

A
A Lk^ L* ma^dlahtimd, final portion of both. G lJj.snJl^ mdliTdiuliyd, melancholy, idle fancy.
V ^iX^\^mdlidan,to rub, anoint; to press, crush.

JjL^

mxibdru (p

pi.

i^jj^
;

warrior, champion.

A (-!/)U^ muhdrah, blessed, blest

tunate; auspicious.
p (>i.l-^

happy,

for-

kyt

md

jarr!,

what(or that which) passed.

is

ma

hash, be it not

stay not

lest,

A 15*^'* ^^ ma%a\ that which

passed,

perhaps.

"what has passed.

p A

A aJiJL^ miibdlaghat, exaggeration, hyperbole,

mother, goody.
stress,

uJ^L* mdmah,

emphasis.

little

1^ U
I)

madman, place of security.

for,

A ilo-^ A
;

?w5^ff?d, afflicted, plagued, tried,

tempted;

unfortunate.

A
p

Jy U mammal, hoped
Lo

expected.
;

J Ju^ mtibaddal, changed, converted, altered.

lavish, spendthrift.

mdnd, alike, equal, similar certainly you would say or think forthwith, quickly,
;

A jju^ muhazzir, prodigal,

immediately.
p iXJl^ ?waw(Z, hath remained.
J/afl(f,

A ^jiw*
remains,
(rt.

mubazziri, prodigality, extravagance,

profusion, profuseness.

remaineth, will remain

;J^^jt* mdndan);

Pj^ ma
A
^'--.'

bar,

do not lower

(rt. ^^iSij

burdan).

resembles
p

(rt. ^uk**3v/<

mdmstan).
last,

A-jj^ mabraz, privy,

en-

water-closet.

io"^^ mdndan,
to break

to

remain, continue,

mablagh, sum, amount (of money).

a sum, a certain amount,
(rt. j^^-uJ bastan).

dure; to be fatigued, spent, tired, exhausted

A ^J^^^ mablaghe,
p

down. (^oJt(jS'^,0 dar

;

gil

mdndan,

Ju^ ma

band, indulge not

to sink in a quagmire

to hesitate, to boggle.

A
p

t::-^--^ mablt,

passing the night.

clear, distinct.

nd^K^mdnda, remained,
weary, broken down.

left,

remaining; tired,
ii>jt

^J^

mdnda

A ,j--^ mnbln, manifest, evident,

PjIjo-..^

shudan, to be weaiy, tired, knocked up.

ma pmddr,
(rt.

think not, do not suppose

p ^;>*uJL mdmstan, to resemble.

or imagine

^ji^\s:>j pinddsJdan).
(rt.|^_j:iilj"

A J Ui mdni^ refuser, forbidder, hinderer, preventer.

p L>li:-^ matdb, turn not away

tdftan).

x'ixAi^ mutdba^at, following

pliance.
Ai__cJ \z^ ^wM^atfl?/?/,

obedience, com-

p JcJ t mdnand, like.

^U
ij

mdnl, name of a celebrated painter, the

cultivating an acquaintance,

conciliating.

"founder of the sect of the Manichaeans.

U mas-wd,

^.y^^z^ mutabahhir, very learned, deep, profound.

dwelling, abode

hostehy.

p L* mdh, the

moon

month.

J Jcj:^

P lS^j *^ mdh-ru (pi. (jljj^ *t mdh-ruydn), moon-faced, fair and lovely as the moon.

mutabaddal, changed, altered morphosed.

meta-

JLsx^ mutajalll, resplendent,

brilliant.

tr
A \^j:^ mutaharrih, moveable
;

99

motire.

A ^:i,*2^ mutamatti^ enjoying, enjoyer; one

A jJ.jSU mutahalll, adorned with jewels.

A J.4cs^^ mutahammily suffering patiently, en-

who

takes his

fill.

A j^L^j^ mutamakkin, placed, established,

fixed or rooted
;

fii

mly
in

during

bearer.

inhabiting.
soft, delicate; affluent,

A A

-js^^ mutahaiijir,

astonished, astonied, be-

mutaRacctm,

wildered, amazed.

JJ^

mutaraddid, hesitating, wavering,

the enjoyment of the conveniences, comforts and luxuries of life.

ir-

resolute, unsettled, uncertain, doubtful, per-

A f-J^^i^
ki'tuii),

mutawakki^

(p pi.

^[ju^:^ mutawak-

plexed.

waiting, expecting; expectant.

A fj^j:^ mutarassil (ppl.^iLJ^ mufarisstldn),

letter-writer, correspondent
;

A jj;jWi^ niutahdwm, negligent, careless, heedless,

corresponding
A

inattentive.

secretary of a prince.

^A^

muttahim, suspected, accused.

A S^jx^

tnutarassid, contemplating,
for,

watching,

A dj\L^ mathahat, step, degree, point.

waiting

vigilant,

watchful, observant,

constantly on the look out.

A
waits,

^^lijli^ mathdlate, a degree.

7nithdl, like,resembling
;

A i,.^jx^ mutaraklcih, one

or hopes.

who expects,

A Jli'^

history, fable;

example, model; similitude,likeness. p Jli. j

lar mithdli, after the similitude.
t<

j^M.:;,*

muttasii^ large, spacious, extensive.

JIl

Ij

A^ii. mutasauwar, pictured, imagined, supposed, considered.

***

ha mithdli ma, with the like of us, with such as we.

ifijcci:;^*

mutaza^^f, weak, weakened, en-

A ijli^ mathdnl

(pi.

oi ^^.L^ mathnd'), second

feebled.

strings of lutes.

A _v matti^cavise thou to enjoy, render happy

(imp. of 2nd form of the verb _:i^
).

Ji^

mathal, fable, tale, parable, simile, apo-

logue, proverb.

tJl^l

^fi'^

mathal, for

A S^-x:^ mutauihhid (p pi. ^X-jc^ muta^ahhidun), extremely devout, rigorous and strict
in the exercises of devotion, religionist.

example. ap^J; iJL^ mathal zadan, to give an example, quote a proverb, propound a parable.

,\l^ mathale, a simile.

^djc^
(in

muta^addi, aggressor; transgressor;

active, transitive, causal(verb).

A t_$Vi>^ mathnawi, poetry composed of distichs

in each of

grammar)

which arc two

lines,

which rhyme

uAxx^

imita'^ddiyan, (ace.)

and agree in measure.

A A
iLI

kfj^x:^ mutajallikiv-^X.^^J^OJC^ muta^alh'Jcdn),

related to, connected, dependent, hanger-on, adherent; domestic, kinsman.

jls^

mujddalat, disputation, strife.

J^^

majdl,

room

to

move round

or turn

about; suitable place; power, strength, ability. A

A *i*i^ miitauillim (v -pi. ^\AJjc^mutaialIimdn)

learner, student.

^_^Ls^
t^-uJLsr*

majdlis (pi. of ^^.J-sr* majlis), assem-

blies, places
(

of sitting, sessions.

Jcx;;^

muta-umtiid

r pi.

^\x,jc^
;

niuta:.an-

mujdlasat, sitting with another, con-

nidun), seeker of another's ruin

inimical.
;

verse, society.

A^-*x^ /wM^a^atytV, changed, altered disturbed,

perplexed.

^Is^ m2{;aa5rt^, receding, retiring, going off.

respondence with neighbours, intimacy
cinity,
;

A i^i^W^ mujdivarat, keeping up a good corvi-

A (jJc^

nmtlafilc, consenting, agreeing, agreed.

pi. j^l^Jki;.^

A *jJix^ miitalcaddim (p
diiiiun), predecessor,

mutakadA

neighbourhood.
to

ap^J j

LUjt\sr* mu-

one gone before, ancient.

juwarut kardan,
j

keep

close, to

remain near.

KjSc^

mutakahbir, proud, haughty, arrogant.

Joils^ mujdhadatjfightmg (specially against

;

A JSz^ mutakallim (rpl.^UJil::^^ nmtakallimun)

speaker, orator.
A

infidels), conflict, struggle

si^::-^

a sore infliction.
elect.

mujtaha\ chosen, selected,

'

-^

^*

100
A

r^'
mtihiuj (p pi. ^Is^liijsr^ muhtdjdn),

A J;-s^ mujarrad, stripped; solitary, single; uumarried; bare, mere. palJ^^s^ ha mujarrad, barely, merely. A 9-rS^ majruh, wounded.

r.-liJwS'*

necessitous, needy, in want, indigent, in need.

AP J_l:x:s^ muldujtar, more

need,

in need, in greater

more needy, more

necessitous.

lJj^

mujra', allowed to flow; (hence), payed,

granted, allowed.

A ^.^AA-xs'* muhtasih, the superintendent of police, who examines weights and measures, and prevents drinking and other disorders
police-magistrate.

ij^j^-sr* majlis,

place of sitting, assembly, ses-

sion

congregation.
majlise, a

^M^k^

A J-^o^'* muhtamal, possible, probable

;

sus-

whole company.

pected. il/'/<^rt/i7,bearinga burthen patient.

A (_5^^ mujalla', bedecked, ornamented. A %-^*-^

majma<i^, place of confluence or of as-

A L-Jys."^^ mahjub, veiled, concealed

modest.

bashful,

sembling, meeting, congregation.

A Xij^r* muhralcan
ing,

(ace. of J^^sr^

muhrak), burn-

A i^y^jsr^ majmuij collected A iis-yi,^

majmu-^at,

tranquil, quiet.

consumed.

A |*j/sr^ <^rMi, excluded, shutout, debarred;

collection,

assemblage,
balked, frustrated, disappointed.

aggregate.

i^y^

majnun, crazed, insane

name

A
of the
cele-

^^^Jmj-st'*

muhsinina

(obi. of

^yjMs:^ muh-

Arab lover whose attachment to Laila is brated by NazfimT and other poets.
p i_iyp^ maju, seek not
A S^^sr* majld, glorious.

sinuna,

pi.

of ^^-w^sr* nmlisin), beneficent.

kJLs:^ mahshar,
ment.
A ^_^,AS^
?rt/;z,

place of assembly

last

judg-

(rt. ^jUij:>-j\istan).

pure, unmixed, unallowed, sheer

A \Asr* mtihdba, connivance;

ceremony.
A c-^'^^r* muhdrih, waging

only, entirely, purely.

respect, regard
;

Aj^.sr^ maJizar, disposition, temper.

war

bent on

A Jijs'* mahjil, assembly.

A Ijjisr* maJifuz, kept, guarded, preserved.

making war, warlike.

A tU-jlsr^ mtihdsalat, adjustment or audit of
accounts, computation
;

A ^iisr* muhaJclcik (p
losopher.

pi.

^jUisr* mulutkkikun),

arithmetic.

verifying, confirming; teacher of truth, phi-

A |Jj1.s^ mahusin (pi. of ^^;-"*J^ hisn), good works, laudable actions, virtues, merits per;

APAJ'liu.s^ muhakktkdna, spiritual; truly, accurately.

sonal charms.

Jw;ls'* mahdsinl,

my

good

works or excellences.
A JkjLs'* mahafil
blies.
(pi.

A uixs'* mihakk, touchstone, A

test.

of JjIs-* mahfil), assem-

fSs^ nmhkam,
;

strong,

firm,

strengthened,

J Is'*

muhdl, impossible

absurd.

confirmed incontrovertible, indisputable,conclusive; clear, conspicuous, perspicuous.

A

A Jk^ls^ mahdmid (pi. of ijk^*.^'* malimidat), laudable actions or qualities, virtues.

A Sills'* muhdtvarat, conversation,
chat, talk,

J-s^
trict;

mahall, place, situation

occasion, opportunity.

quai'ter, dis-

dialogue,

A (LLs^ mahallat, quarter of a town, district,

parish.

common

parlance, gossip.

w_,..s-*

muhihb, friend, lover.

A wV-Ksr* muJiammad, greatly praised

name
bin

of

a roan
A cU.s'*

name of the Arabian pseudo-propliet.

J
Ju.^s'*

mahabhat, love, affection;

kindness,
'

li wV.>jsr*

Muhammad

Mu-

friendship.
A t.jy-^'*

mahbuh
;

(i*

pi.

.b*^'* mahbubdn),

hammad Ghazzdll, a renowned doctor of Islam,

burn at Thaus, in Khurasan, a.h. 450, and
died A.n. 505.

beloved, liked

mistress.

A v^jy^^s^ mahbubtar, more beloved. A ^y^:sr* tnahbube, an object greatly JjtrK^v^

ji_l>^*X^L-j
"r

Jj.^^js'*

Mahmild Sabuktagin, the

&fccOpfV&&l^n of the dynasty of Ghaznl, buc-

*L-

Ih \

;t.

r.-iChAi.i.'S

e;^

101
p

\.

ceeded his father Sabuktagln, a.h. 387, a.d. 997, and died a.h. 419, after conquering great part of Hindustan, and taking the royal cities of Delhi and Kanoj.

\\\s.-*

muddrd,

politeness, courtesy, affability,

;

conciliation,
lation.

gentleness, humility

dissimu-

A Axs^ mihnat,

affliction, trouble, toil, distress,

A L^*\x^ muddwamat, assiduity, perpetuity, continuance.

A jA. mudahlir, administrator, prefect, governor, manager, director.

anguish, suffering, inconvenience, discomfort.

A ysr* maho, obliteration, a p j^iA-i ^js'* mahv shudan, to be erased or obliterated.

A L_^lsr* vmkhutal), addressed the second Mujchutih, addressing; speaker. person.
;

A ix^ muddat, time, term, period, space, long time or interval, while.
A

\^X^
gj'

tiilsr*

maMufat, dread,

fear,

alarm

danger.
ui

muddathd (p pi. of iX* muddat), many days, long intervals; for a long season.

A aLLl Isr* muMdlatat, conversation, intercourse,

J^

muddate, a certain space of time, a long

intimacy.

"

interval; for a long period.

A i_aJls^ mukhdlif, contrary, repugnant, adverse, antagonistic, unfavourable obstinate,

;

A J*.^ madh, praise, eulogium,

plause, commendation.

encomium, ap-

irreducible.

A iailsr* mukhalafat, contradiction, contrariety,

opposition, enmity.

iUj ikV*

madrasat, seminary, academy, public

school, college, university.

A Llsr* ?wM^rtWrt^, disordered, disturbed, upset.

A..<2Z.^r*

A ^<J^ mudda-J, (ppl.

^J^X^

mxidda^ydri),

"plaintiff; adversary; false pretender.

mulMasar, abridged, curtailed

;

brief,

compendious, laconic

compendium

mean,

A j^^iX^ madfun, buried, interred.

p iiV*

trifling, small, insignificant.

ma

dih, give not, yield

not

(rt.

j^JiJ).

A (_cjc..sr* mulditalif, difl'erent. various, contrary. A

/j

A (JjJ5J^^ madhush, astonished, astonied, confused, amazed, confounded.

Jcsr*

maMdum,

served, waited

upon

lord,

master.
p^.sr* maTchar, do not

kj^S.-* mazkur, remembered, mentioned, re-

buy (rt. ^S^A-Tcharldan).

corded, repeated, expressed

discourse.

ipysr^ ma
(rt.

Miarash, lacerate not, do not tear

A aJ jt^ mazallat, baseness, vileness; contempt,

degradation.
A

j^Jl-1|.>- khardshldan).
;

A i^^isr* malihfuz, lowered, depressed marked

<U Jt^ mazammat, blame, disparagement, scorn,

contempt.

with kasr, or khafz (as when jSi kadr has been changed to kidr).
A

A i*ytS.t

mazmum, blamed, censured

culpable,

^jAs^

mukhlis (p

pi.

^LsLsr* mukhlisdn),

blameable.
y* mar, a pleonastic particle, sometimes placed

sincere, real, genuine.

A j^j--J.s^ mukhlisma

(obi. of ^^^-^iLs-*

mukhA

before the dat. and ace. of Persian nouns.

.-*

marra, he (or
viirs-,

it)

passed, passed by.

lisuna, pi. of ^^^A-sr^ mukJiIis),

sincere, un-

feigned in professions of faith, in demonstration of friendship, or in yielding obedience.

A ij^-sr* viakhluk, created, formed;
creature.
;

A ^y* mars^,
the
p

or wiwrt,

man; human

species,

human

race,

\y mard (dat.or ace. of ^^^ man, I), to me, me.

(pi.

(..!-Ai.s:"*

mukhannath, effeminate, infamous a rank old catamite hermaphrodite.

;

A u-^I-'U** mardtib

of <Lj

^ martabat), steps,
;

degrees, grades; dignities, honours.

Vj^s^
A
(

via

khwur, do not eat

(rt.

t^'-^jy>')-

A S\j^ murdd, meant, intended

desire, wish,

J^-sr'

makhuf, dreadful, dangerous, tremen-

will, intention, design, pleasure.

dous, fearful.

A iLJ^yt murdsalat, epistolary correspondence.

encomiast, pane-

A _-'Jt^ madddh, laudatory;

gyrist.

A ^^|r^ tnurd gh alat, expression of a wish, desire,

propensity.
reference, appealing.

Pj^X* ma

ddr, hold not (rt.

^^d^j

duahtan).

lUiL^ murd/a^at,

v^
A isj\j^ murdfakat, travelling in company,
sociation, companionship, society.

102
1'

!/'*

as-

^'^y*

niardl, manliness, virility, vigour, va-

lour, bravery;

thou art a man.

Marde, a

A ^\j'* murulcahat, observation, regard, contemplation.

man, a certain man.

p
(-::.-^Jj^

mardiyat, thy virility.

k.:^-uyJb

\yt

mard

hast, to

me

is,

I have.
guardian,

(^Ly* marasdn, cause not to arrive, inflict not.

;

A jeV*
A

tnurahbi,

tutor,

instructor,

p ,J^j^ mursal, sent

apostle, prophet.

"patron, protector.

A /^-y^ marsum, marked, prescribed, accusset

i_^j-^ murattah,

in

order, arranged.

tomed

pay, stipend, salary.

AP^Jp (^^y*
to regulate.

murattah kardan, to arrange,

A sJ^j^ murshid, guide, spiritual director.

A
office.

A ^UJ-< martabat, rank, degree, step,

^^y* murassa^
jewels, inlaid.

covered with gold, set with

A ^^^j^

martabate, a rank.

^y maraz,
plaint.

disease, sickness,
,

malady, com-

A r^r^y mtirtahan, pledged.

A _^s^ -^ marhab, amplitude,convenience,room.
\^=>-y*

^^^y
A.

maraze, a disease.
assented

marhaban, hail
!

welcome

may God

^Jy marziy, agreeable,acceptable;

"

grant you amplitude

to

will, assent.
terrified, aifrighted.

A tU>-^ marhamat, pity, compassion.

p i^y*

A
hero.

(^^y mar^b,
murgh
y*
(pi.

mard

(pi. jj^t^r* >wr<fa),

man

p r r^

^J^^^ murghdn),

bird, fowl,

p J^ J-^ murddd, the July of the Persian calendar. p

p
i!

J_^ murddr, impure, unclean

(pi. of

carrion.

l;V.^ ?

^^"^^ y^ ^

aiwdn (bird of the porch),

sparrow,

^'^r^ marddn

J^

mard), men.
p
little

i^iy. 9 f* mxirgki birydn, broiled

fowl, roast chicken.

p <Jjlty* mardd7ia,manlj.

ymur^-dbl,

water-fowl.

p CJi^y* mardak (dim. of <J^ mard),

man,

p cSs-y* murghak (dim. of i

bird, chick,

manikin
p A^j^

low,

little,

or insignificant fellow. p

mv/rgh), little

mardum (pi. j_^L< J^ mardumdn), man, human being. p jhl ('.V* mardum-dzdr, man-tormentor, vexing, afflicting

^c^y mur gh e,
i^^iy

a bird.
patched, mended, botched.
;

^y murakka^
c_^^

mankind.

markab, horse, steed, camel

is carried.
;

any

Pt_5,\jl

('V* mardum-dzdrl, the tormenting

Mardum-uzdre, a tormentor of
'fnardxi.M-yhicdr,

beast or vessel whereon one

of mankind. mankind. p
ilrs-

murakkab,

compounded

mounted,

placed, set, inserted.

(*'"V*
;

man-devouring,

A
r

cannibal
p ij ('^r^

cruel, fell, remorseless.

y markaz, centre halting place, ^^y marg, death, decease,

;

ff?ar(?2</-(Zflr,

man-rending, ferocious,
p

ravenous.
p
\'ji

ffy
(rt.

ina ranj, grieve not,

be not displeased

c^j"*

mardum-gazd, man-biting, injurious.

P
;

^.^UrCj

ranjidaii).

p ^_^^j^ mardmni, manliness humanity, cour'tesy. Ifardume, a man, a certain man.

p i^'^y* murdan, to die, expire
;

^J^j raftan). A \jy marru, they passed by (rt.^ marra).

A Sij\*y marwdrld, pearl.
A

*y ma

rav, go not (rt.

to

go out, be ex-

tinguished.
for thee to die.

ci-J

J^ jjU J ^ murdanash, his dying.

murdanat, thy dying,

l^y

mMru<'rtJ^,manliness, humanity, kindness,

;

politeness

human

nature.

p HJiy murda, dead, deceased, defunct.

ij

iJy*

A ^^=^^y mirwahat, fan.

A

murda

bih, better

dead.

^y marham,

salve, plaster, liniment.

; ;

ij^

103
A

(t***^

Ap

<iG

(**/* '"^C'TTxam-nih, one

who

lays on salve,

j^U:lwa/*

mustacdn, whose aid

is

implored

or applies a plaster.

(hence) God.
;

J^.

K<

mund,

desirous

partial

scholar, dis-

A l-JjXZmj^ mustazvih (p pl.^^lj

un), one

jcl*-^

musta^rih-

ciple, pupil.

who becomes

as

an Arab.

p (jJ r^ martn (for ^ji)

y* mar

In), this.

A Jjs*-~'**^ mustacjil, quick, hasty, speedy.

dis-

A --U^ mizuj, temperament, constitution,

position, quality.

AxajuC-^ mustat,idd,

arranged

prompt

able,fit.

A jjjtuu.^ musta ghrah plunged, immersed. A S^Jcmj^ mustafid benefited, profited, deriving advantage; profitable, advantageous.

A
A
p

&j^\y
'i\:>-y

muzuhat, joke, jesting.

muzjut, small matter,
trifle,

bagatelle.

S^

muzd, reward, gratuity,

fee,

recompense.

A ^scmj^ mustalchih, hateful, odious, disgusting.

A aJtmo/^ nmstahlm, right, true, correct, accurate
;

J:JSy-j

j^* muzdi sarhangi,

bailiff's fee.

straight

resolute

A 9 ijy* mazru-^, sown (seed or field).

faithful.

p i^ijM^ mastam, (I)

capital

am

intoxicated.

^/Sy*
"

muzalcJca',

made

clean, purified
is

A _^cuw mustamii,, hearer, auditor, listener. p

Jo^^Joju.^

from which 2\ per cent, yearly alms (and thus rendered pure).
zan, strike not
(rt.

given in A

mustmand,

afflicted,

wretched.
meriting

^y ma

^<^j zadan).

i_-^ :i*u.^
proper,
fit,

mustaujih, deserving,

proper, worthy, becoming.

A djy mazlyat, excellencp.

kjyM*^ mastur{s pl.j^^j^::^*^* ja^itmw), veiled,

concealed
tidings.
;

A iX)J^ mazld, increase, addition.

p
i

good, honest, chaste.

Ot* muzhda, good news, glad

(pi.

Jjiu*^ mustmdi, overcoming, predominant,

"prevalent.

p iy* mizha or muzha

viuzhagun), eye-lid
;

(j^y* mizhagun or
p

hair of eye-lid, eye-lash.

^tf^i*"^

mastl, intoxication, drunkenness.

A *L>^ masui, evening.

A .XsLi*.^ MSa^(Z,happy, favourable, auspicious.

A Jls***^ masjid, place of worship, mosque.

Ajila^u.^ mastur, written, described, delineated.
tra-

A^Lu.^ musafir
A
Lu.^

(p pi.

^jiKiM^ musdfirdn)

veller, wayfarer, stranger.

i^j-i

A iLux
A

mtish'r, inebriating, intoxicating.

masdkln (pi. of ^-X*^ mishin), poor.

;

iUW^

maskanat, poverty.

A is.'^X^^^ musdmahat, negligence

A ij-ilufc^ miskln (ppl. ^jL-X***.^ miskmdn), poor.

connivance,

waiving, conniving, giving up.

p
c:.--ux^

A Amj^ muslim, true believer, Moslem.

mast, drunk, intoxicated, inebriated;

e:-.^*^.^

Jl***-*

drunkard.

trusted

musallam, committed, consigned, enpreserved, safe, secured sole, ex; ;

J-j ptii mast, elephant

clusive.

in rut, furious elephant.

k j:z*u^ mustatar, concealed, hidden. Mustatir,

A j^ULuuL^ miislimdn (p
p jmUIa**^ musulmdn

pi. of

a *Luw muslim),

true believers, Moslems.

(pi. j^li t*l*M-

one
A

who

hides himself.
mustajdh,

musulmun-

c-->\ jcu.m .-<

answered,

accepted.

dn),

Musalman, believer

(a corrupted word).

i(y:^l i__>VsXu.c^ mustajdbu 'd daacat,

whose

p iJUi**^ musulmdnl, the

ligion
;

Muhammadan

re-

prayer

is

accepted, or heard in heaven.

established, con-

orthodoxy, Islam.

A *Ls^*w^ mustahkam, firm,

firmed.

\ ^^^;X\Mj^muslimlna{oh\.oi ^yiixu*y*muslimuna,
pi. of

*Lu.^ muslim), true believers, faithful.

, .

A f^l scu*.^ muslaMlas, taken clean

propriated,

away

ap-

made

special, secured.

A f-4uM^ misma^ organ of hearing, ear

misma~l, mine ear.

e^^wu*^

A ^jLuuX*,*^ mustaski, dropsical.

A t\Xm^ viasnad, large cushion for reclining on;

Aj\)Cujj^ tnusta(.dr, borrowed.
throne, bench.

ft/M^t

104

U3^

A
.

^}yu.y* wjss^,asked, questioned, interrogated

A Jjcuk.^ mashcal, torch, flambeau.

A isJXju^ mas^alat, question, query, problem

proposition, point of law.

A Vj\i^ AxAi^ masht.ala-dur, torch-bearer.

A d^lxJL^ mashghalat, business, employment, occupation; pastime; place of business; tumult, disturbance.

A i^Kuj.^ mushdlahat, resemblance.

Kj\mj^ mushdr, indicated
ilaihi,

<!j\jlA^ tmishdr
A

the pointed at

the aforesaid

J^iA^

mashglml, employed, occupied, en-

gaged, busy.

A iJsLlu* mashshdtatf tire-woman.

A A
for advice,

\ytJL^ mashghuk, employment, business.

^jJiAi.^ mushjik,

A ^LlL^ mashdmm,

smell, olfactory sense.

kind, gracious, tender, affec-

A ^jLiu* mushdwarat, application

consultation.

tionate, benevolent, compassionate.

'ijJb\Ai^ musJidhadat,

contemplation, vision,

A <UA.^ mashakkat, trouble, hardship, misery, difficulty, pain, toil, moil, drudgery.
r CS-Ai^ mishk or miishk, musk.
bedi mushk, musk-willow.

view, sight.

(J_CtL

lX^J

A iJb\A^ mushdharat, monthly wages or allowance, pay, salary.

A JiLi.^ mushkil,
(pi.

difficult,

arduous, puzzling,

A ^l*L^ mashuiihh

of i^-i. shaiW), elders,

perplexing, embarrassing.

revered, venerable, holy men.

A ^^SJi^
p

mushkill, difficulty.

pj:^ju^ muslit,

fist;

blow with the fist; handful.

be not in a

^JjL^ mushkl

or mishkl, art (thou)

musk

p <^\zJL^

ma

shiiub, haste not,

PjUwiu* ma shumdr, count

not, reckon not.

hurry
A

(rt. ^jii\::Jii shitdftan).

A *y^jij^ mashmum, perfumed, fragrant.

A ij^^t mashwarat, consultation, counsel.

r^'cJLrt

musJddk, desirous, longing, anxious.

^l::uiL^ musJddhl, desirousness.

A p ^jIil.^

A i^y!i^ mrishauwash, disturbed, uneasy, vexed,

perplexed, distressed
;

^Jy-^
is

^ ^i

mushtdkl bih ki malull, longing

A

stormy, boisterous.

better than loathing.

(*.\,A^

msAAur,public,notorious, well-known

,^j:,jij^

mushtarl, purchaser, buyer,

celebrated, noted, famed.

p ^j c^-^A.^ musM-zan, boxer, pugilist, bruiser. p ijj (j:^*u.. musht-zanl, fisticuffs, bruising, boxing. Musht-zane, a boxer.

A V Jijy^^JL^ mashhurtar, better known, more

public, notorious or celebrated.

iJL^

mashlyat, will, pleasure.

JjbA^ mushta,ghal,
busied, occupied.

employed, busy, engaged,

A -wlu* mushlr, counsellor, adviser.

A iUs^La^ musdhahat, companionship,

familiarity, intimacy.

society,

A^A-iiu^ mushtahar or mushtaJiir, proclaimed,

made

public

called,

named
;

famous.
fist.

i-_a- \^=^

masdhif

(pi.

of i-.is*'^^ mushaf),

p i^^^^ mushtl, handful

J

blow with the

volumes, books; Kur'ans.

A Sj^\.^z^7nusddarat,&amg, mulcting, amercing.

is^^

'tnuslitl

du, a couple of handsful.

A (J/i^ mashrik, the point or quarter in which

the sun
rises,

A ilciUa.^ musdrauit, wrestling, contest.

A
(

the East,

ap

jJIxmajIj'

^^i^

JLo^ masdff{^\. of u- a >a / masaff), ranks;

mashriki tdhistdnl, the summer solstice, the longest day, when the sun enters Cancer.
ij,\:.jM^\

rows

(of soldiers)
(

a field of battle.

AP it^y*\\

fLi^ masdff-dzmuda, inured to war.

(pi.

AJ^ mashriki zamistdm, the

when

win-

A J\<a^ masdlih

oi i^sr'^^ maslahat), affairs,

ter solstice, the shortest day,

the sun

concerns, interests.

enters Capricorn.

A 'i^Va^ musdlahat, reconciliation, peace, pacification.

A i^j^jJiiy mashrikaini (oblique of ^iJL^ mashrikdni), both Easts.

^^JLaW

Sxj bii^u

mashrikain, the distance of the tropics.

A k_^li:^ masdiib (pi. of *^^ muslbaf), calamities, misfortunes.

lOo

,*^ U

A L-c<r

'"

mtishaf, book,

volume,
'-=

c-c.s*'^^^^ al

mushaf, the volume (alsojj

j^rtzTs, precious

^^is.'^^'^mushafi

A t5^ maza\ he went; it passed (defect, verb). A ^lii^ mutdhik, conformable.

A cUa^ mutd^, obeyed. A
A-clii^

(or) glorious volume),theKur'aii

(so called

by Muhammadans).
Egj-pt.

matd^im

(pi. of

(Jtii/

mat^m),

meats,

A -a^

inisr,

viands, eatables.

A f U^'*

misrui., hemistich, first half-line.

A iLlUa^ mw^a^aJa^, asking, requiring, exaction.

p (_fr^^ misrl (a lSj-^^ misriy), Egyptian.

AP^J,^,
a

nJlL-* mutdlabat hardan (or^iJlL^

to require,

A ^ii2.u:^ mustafa'

chosen, elected, elect

^'^S muidlaha kardan),

crave, sue, importune.

demand,

"man's name, and a titlegiven to lluhammad.

A
A

rf^^^^ nmslih, rectifier, censor,

cific,

reformer

pa-

iUJlia,*

mutdla:.af, contemplation,

considera-

conciliatory.

tion, attention,
affair,

glance

inspection, perusal.

<Ls'**^^^

maslahat,
;

business

object,

A p^Jy* J ij^\]2^inutdlaiM,farmudan,toview,
regard, look
A altjlL^

subject, purpose prudent course, wise step, proper measure, becoming thing fit occasion, expediency welfare, best interest be;

upon

to read, peruse, glance at.

mutdwa-^t, obedience, submission.

nevolence, kindness, peace, good-will.

A ^;ll2-* mutdyalat, joking together, jesting,

pleasantry.

A Pj-^l ci-^^^'^^ maslahat -dtnez, imbued with

kindness, conciliatory, pacific.

A ^la^ matbaJch, kitchen.

A
^
y^i-s^

AV^jj-

<.L~^^'^"^^^

maslahat-ju, seeking to cor-

matbuzj printed, impressed;

agree-

rect or reform.

able, acceptable.

A r

j_t^=f-

Lii-i.s^'*^^^

maslahat-jus-e, a seeker, or

A i--Jja,^ midrib,

musician.

promoter of the

interest, or of the good-will.

^Jpi,* mutribe, a
ila-^

musician; such a musician!

(rt.

JLs^"^* maslahate, any particular occasion,

"crisis or

p ci

ma

talb,

seek not

^S^^J^).

emergency.
;

A JJa^ ?M^fe?/c,ai)prized,informed,acquainted. a

A iJi2^ musalla\ place of prayer, oratory

large field, in

A p j^iXi j-iiL* muttali^ shudan,

to perceive.

which upon certain occasions

offer public prayer.

j^iXjlji'j-U:^ mvttali-^garddnidan,
quaint, to inform, to apprize.

to ac-

thousands congregate to

j^j^

i_fL^:iyi

Mtisalldyi Shirdz,

the

name

<__? Jds^

matlub, required, sought,

demanded

of a place at Shiraz.

thing desired, object required.

A j*-^'^ mutmah, upraised (eye), upturned (sight);
spectacle,

A *"4a^ musammam,

fixed, determined.

A u-fv^i^ miisannif, author, compiler, composer.

A (o%i3.^

show, theatre,

iij ^'^^^'^

miitmahi

masun, guarded, kept

safe.

nazar, object of constant and favorite gaze.

A u-^--a^ musib, disastrous, calamitous, injurious, hurtful, pernicious.

A t_^J2.^ mutaiyab, aromatized, scented, per-

fumed.
A ^,.^/
mtiti-^,

<L.^>a-<

musibaf, calamity, misfortune, adver-

obedient, submissive.

sity, disaster, affliction, bate,

ju^.^.4J ha must-

A J^a^tmuzaffar, rendered triumphant,made victorious.

t~ai.^
.

by a misfortune, through a calamity.

jsia^ mnzaffar u mansur,

assisted (by God).

A JUd^ viuzddd, opponent, antagonist. A u-icLi* muzd^af, doubled. A ij^i^ mazarrat, detriment, injury, mischief,
hurt; nuisance.
A ^y*.,A^ mazmun, contents, purport, subject,
tenour.
<i-_;lk>-

made
A

victorious,

and

( J'-ii^ mazlum

(ppl. j^t<Ua.^

mazlumdn), op-

pressed, injured, tyrannized over.

A _^

ma^

with

notwithstanding. [C*^

ma^,

with me.
A
iLj'ljt^

^y\^^ mazmuni

khitub,

mu-.dtabat, chiding, expostulation, re-

subject of discussion.

proach, repi'ehension.

IOC
)

; ;

u^

ij^

A (>iU^ ma-Jish, living, livelihood, subsistence.

A aJjX^ ina^ifat, acquaintance, knowledge

means, a
^^^j:j^x^

A ^^U,- muuisharat, familiarity, society, intimacy, intercourse.

<!^\^ sdlikaiema^ifate,an

old acquaintanceship.
?wac.5?yfl^)

A i^-tfU^ m(r^asz(pl. of tU3^

"ofFencPS.

crimes,

A dSjX^ ma^aliat, A
(

battle-field

amphitheatre.

t^jX^ ma-.ruf,

known, noted, notorious

A (liU^ muuifa\

well, healthy, free from pain.

celebrated.

a<Lj\x^ mUiukabat, pursuing; punishment. A <i>srU^

medical treatment, physicking, doctoring; remedy, cure.
w?<ca?ff;a^,

JjJ*^ ma^zul, dismissed, discarded, cashiered,

turned out of
office,

degraded.

A ijjjx^

mai^uli, dismissal, degradation.

society.
;

^ |ji^

U^

mufjihjate, a cure.
affair, dealing,

KjJLx^ ma^har, company,

A

A il^\x^ mu^dmalat, business,

A Jjlx^ muUinid (p

^yLx^
Lr>,^x^

ma^shuk, loved, beloved

mistress.

trade; practice; treatment,behaviour,conduct.

pi.

A (L:tjl.x^ maishukaf, mistress.

mazshuld, relation of beloved.

j^IjJU^ miuuniddn),
A

obstinate, stubborn, refractory, perverse, con-

*,.^2*^

vitcsmn, wrist.

tumacious, disobedient, opiniative.

A iiijU^ mu^ayanat, seeing

A -ot^ w^5ar, pass,

A
clearly, beholding.
3Ii,^bar, ferry-

/*^^^x-^ woSMff, innocent,

immaculate, chaste,

uncorrupt, unspotted.

ferry, ford.

A ^^^y^zx^ ma^uml,

chastity, innocency.
sin.

boat, pontoon, bridge.

jli;jt^

mu-^dd, accustomed, wont, used

to.

A tU2^^ ma^sixjat, rebellion, ha ma^iyate, for a crime. A iJlJi^it^ mUizildt

(pi.

i^yf,jL^

tnu^aiar, revered, respected, venerated, esteemed; respectable.

of dJuaJt^ tmi^ilat,

A u-iji'X^ muUarif, one

confesses.

who acknowledges
;

or

fem. of J.3*.^ mu^il), difficulties, knotty questions, intricacies, arduous affairs.

A >Sscx^ tmiUalcid, firmly persuaded

believer
;

staunch

A jjk*.^ nm^ittal, neglected, abandoned, uncared for, slighted vacant ; unoccupied.

;

faithful friend, support.

A *lLc^ mu^azzam, mngnified, revered, honored

great, respectable.

A ^__xi!t^ mu<^tahif, continually at prayer (in

the temple), assiduous and unremitting in devotional, devout. religious exercises

;

A c:j\y*!^ix^ mut,zamdt, great, grave matters, weighty and important affairs.

A/*:ix.^

muUamad,
;

confidential, trusty, trust-

*J.*.^

mudam,

distinguished by a particular

worthy
..v

confidant.

A-ii

>^AZ.xy^

mu--famad

mark, pinked; notable.

^laihi, the relied upon.

inu-,jih,

Ax^ mu^Ilam

marked, striped, spotted. Ifu-

admirer of himself, vain, con-

^lUiDi, preceptor, teacher, instructor, master.

ceited; fop, beau.

.*~rt

A (jijt^ ma-^um, known, understood, ascertained,

mui,ji%, miracle.

discovered

settled,

fixed

expe-

A icX*^ miidat, stomach.

A
lo*^**^

rienced; notorious; stamped, impressed (coin),

ma^an, mine,

source of minerals.

money.

ap^^J^ r*^*^ ma^um

to

kardan, to

A AjJut^ ma^dum, extinct, non-existent, wished

for but not found, lost
;

make known,

know, discover, experience.

a single coin, any money.

future.

A^^Jjt^ madume,
A jjU.r^
gious
;

A p (Xi-j

i^Jkjt^

miida-sanffi, dyspepsy.

ma^a\

sense,

meaning, reality

reli-

A ijSx^ ma:.zarat, excuse.

sentiment, spii'itual 8ubject,spirituality;

A j^vXx^ maizur, excusable, pardonable

cused, exculpated. A

ex-

the spiritual world,

spirit, in

ic^-*^

^* ?&*, in

substance, in reality.

aPj^j

s^^^'*^

i^jX^ ma^raz,

place of meeting or exposure

^.s-* macHdyi In snkhan, the meaning of

these words (or of this speech).

position; occurrence.

; ;

f^
of confidence. A
iU

107
A
p

^
r*^ mufarrih, exhilarating
;

A ^J^x^ muiauwal, relied upon for help; place

x^

J-

exhilarator.
(rt. \^'^y*j^^-

l^-ft.^

ma far ma, command ma

not

ma^mat,

aid, help, assistance.

p jjj. Sy%

farosh, sell not (root ^J^^jy)-

A ^^'^A'^ mn-Jmd, established, fixed, accustomed;

usual, customary.

j^^^

miifsid (ppl. i^^JwuaA.^ mufsidan), mischievous,seditious, corrupter, mischief-maker.

A
A

't^ ma-J.,
ijli-jt^

with me, along with me.

necessaries of
life,

A ^lJlL* muflis (p pi. i^l-wii^ mujlisdn) insolvent, bankrupt, poor, penniless.

mai.lshat, food,

means, means of living.

A ^*ii.* muflki,
A

insolvency, penury, poverty.

(M^^Jt-^

imuaiyan, fixed, settled, determined,

appointed, assigned.

^y~^

mafhum,

understood,

apprehended,

comprehended.
stigmatized,

t_j4-jt.

maz.yuh,
;

blemished,

A (LLlJU

i2<Z:aJ/^,

opposition, resistance, con;

vicious, faulty

tainted or suspected.

tention, competition

contrast

collation.

A A A

iU, maghurat, den, cave, cavern.

A JliU malcdl, speech, discourse, word.

A ZJliU makdlat, word, discourse, speech. A
/fcUt*

U,ipU, mughdziha7i, in a rage (ace).

<--'/'*

maghrih, quarter of sunset, "West

Africa, Morocco.

mahdm,

standing-place, position spot,

;

Western

\-^j^

^j-^

w*

seat, station, staying, session

place of resi-

maghrihihd, from
'

its setting-place.
;

dence, dwelling, abode.

je-

ma gh rihly. Western

African.

A c:_?LliL*

makumut

(pi. of iL*\L^

makdmat),
or sitting.

discourses or lectures, as being read or de-

\jyK,t maghrur, self-deceived, deluded; proud,

self-sufficient, conceited.

livered during a iUla,

A

makdmat

pJjL*

ma ghis

brain

marrow, kernel,

_^U^ mukdmir,

dicer, gambler, gamester.

^IL* makdme,

a place, a

site.

p c_>/^ magh%e, a kernel. A i JJL,% maghfirat, pardon, absolution, forgiveness.

A iUiliL* mukdwamat, opposition, resistance.

A J-JL* ?MX-J?7,advancing; prosperous,fortunate.

A k;Lt.< ma gh lu,h. overcome, defeated, conquered, vanquished, subdued.

Jv^

makbul, received; accepted; agreeable,

;

approved
APjJ-Kit*

welcomed.

A i^i.*

mu gh annin

(with tanicln, and without

makhuUar, more acceptable, more

tanwin ^^jf^ mughanni), musician, singer.

agreeable,

more welcome.
lci"iiL

A ^^^

mu gJn Jun, Egyptian

(pi.

or Arabian thorn,

g-^iisut

muktaza' (in p

muktaza), re-

a species of mimosa yielding gum-arabic.

quired,

demanded

exigency, requirement.

A ,iulL* mafutlh A

of _.1:;a^ miftuh), keys.

;

A j^jJL* mikddr, quantitj", amount.

lU,^

mufdrakat, separation

departure

loss, death.

AjjJU mukaddar, decreed, predestinated. A ^JJU miikaddam, put before, placed before,
p reposed
;

A tUJ.U.^ mufdwazaty commerce, familiar

tercourse.

in-

preferred

antecedent, prior.

A ti^JJl^ mukaddamat, preface, preamble, prologue, premiss.

^f-i*.s-^J r<^

(^j^iii.^

muftatin, bewitched, infatuated.

^jJi. mu-

A .i^lL* mufiakhir, boasting, boastful, proud.

A s:Ji^ muftalcir, reduced humble suitor.

A ^^'^s^ muftan,

to poverty; in straits;

seduced to

evil,

bewitched,

kaddamate nahvi zamakhshan, " Introduction to Syntax," by ZamakhsharT, who was a celebrated doctor of Islam, born ah. 467, at Zamakhshar, a town in Khwarazm whence his name.
;

infatuated, insane.

A
;

iij^it*
i-^jSi'-*

makdur, predestined, decreed,

fated.

A ..s*^ majyhar, object of glory

glory, boast.

KjS^'* mufal-hkhar,

glorious, exalted.

mukarrab (p pi. ^,jSi^ mukarrahdn), brought near, allowed to approach, admitted

; ;

J^
;

108

lL<U
fly,

to the immediate presence approximated intimate or immediate attendant.

p ^JJS^ tnagas, P

small winged insect.

A jyL* mukarrar, fixed,

firmed
;

^y^

magu

(or mugu), don't tell, tell not.

settled, established, con-

agreed upon

A
;

\r mala^,

assembly, crowd of people. pa^L* J

certain.

A ujyi-^ maJcrun, connected, conjoined, yoked,

A
j*fcwJL

har mala! (or }Uj la mala')

to

^'^^\

xiftddan,

become

public, to get abroad.

malcsum, distributed, divided, appor-

_jL-#

aZ^aA(ppl.^WL malluhun), ho^tman,

tioned, allotted.

mariner, sailor.
;

A XjiL-i mahad, place of destination, goal

A Jfc..aiL* maTcsud, aimed

in-

Jks^L* muluhidat, hei'etics, unbelievers.

;

tention, end, aim, object, design, pui'pose.

at,

intended

intention,

A SL* maldz, asylum, place of refuge

hold, fastness,

strong-

aim, design, scope, drift.

iiyu* mikwad, reins, bridle

rope, hawser.

A |*j^ muldzim, assiduous, inseparable;

gent; servant, close attendant.

dili-

A *-Jt muhim, fixed, constant, abiding.

A <i^jL mrddzamat, close attendance, assiduity,

closeness
;

Ai^

malcurim{-^\. of i!-^^ malcramat), vir-

diligence, service.

tues, excellences, laudable actions; favours,

benefits, bounties.

tt.al?\t

mulufcifat, soothing, coaxing, caressing;

gentleness, kindness, courtesy.

^IC makurih, disagreeables, inconveniences

odious, detestable, or abominable things.
tCfi-ilC*

A ^wi;^ Maldtiya,

name

of a

town on the Eu-

phrates, capital of

Armenia Minor.

mmliasliafat,

displaying,

disclosure,

revelation, apocalypse.

A <UcL mulduilat, playing, joking, toying.

A iXiL^ muldkdt, meeting,interview, encounter.

A iU5lC mukulamat, conversation,

talk.

A JolC* makui^id[^\.

od^ kaid), deceits, tricks,

aJL*

maldl {or aSL^ maldlat), sadness, displea-

frauds, devices, stratagems, plots.

sure, disgust ;ennui, weariness, fatigue,languor.

A t_-X^ mukihl, whatever causes (one) to hang the head depressing, humiliating.
;

A ^ty* maldll, displeasure.

A A
/L*

malum, reproach, reprehension.

censure, dis-

A ilC* Makkat, Mecca, a town in the province

of Hijaz, and the birthplace of

d^L maldmat, reproach, blame,

paragement.
(pi.
;

Muhammad.

l::-'::^^^

maktab, school, writing-school.

;

A ^Ji>^ maldhl

of ,^\X^ milha'), instru-

A (."jsiL^ maktuh, written

A

letter.

ments of music
A Cjsiiy* malds-ik mahak), angels.
A

implements of play.

X^

makr, deceit, fraud, imposture.

repeated, reiterated.

(pi. of

cLxL* malak or (jJL*

A^.C* mukarrar,

KjL*

mald^ikat

(pi.

of t^XL* malak) angels.

A I'vX^ mukarram, honoured, respected, revered.

A

^:XjL
A p tj
i-tf

mald^ikati,

my

angels.

iS^

makruk, odious, offensive, disagreeable,

tLxjL* maldt-ik-surate, angel-faced,

execrable.

of angelic form.

A jJ^j X^ makruhi, unpleasantness.

A (^_^AuC< maksab, gain, acquisition
getting a livelihood.
p i^C*
;

A <lL* millat, religion, faith, creed.

means

of

A
{yi.^^<^^).

\jsr'^

maljat, asylum, place of refuge, shelter.

ma hun (or mu ^Mw),make not

Ssr^

mulhid, heretic, infidel.

A <uXwi<^wfl^, power, strength; virtue, ability.

V

k^ys^
glanced

malhuz,
at.

observed,

beheld,

viewed,

y^

magar, besides, save, excepting, all but, but, unless perhaps, may be, perchance, by chance, haply; unfortunately.
;

p -J^ malakh, locust.

^y^*

mal<Jin, cursed, execrated,

damned.

Pj^l J^C*

ma gardun, cause not

(rt.

(suffer not, allow

not) to become

^^iXJ\i^ gardunidan).

A tlXL* milk, property,estate, possession. Mulk, kingdom, sovereignty, dominion, territory.

^<L.
country
;

109
A

power, possession.
state.

^
(.::_;

mann, reproaching with favours bestowed,

;

mulk u dm, church and

Mali1c,'kmg.
\

Malah, angel.
'

^^^ CJ^ malihu

Mawuss,
A
A

twitting with benefits conferred a sense of obligation.

imposing

chief of the nobles,

jij^i^ Ll>i.^ mahlci Nimroz, ntmroz, king of a territory including Makran, of which and the provinces of Sistan for Minuchihr, governor Sam Werlraan was dyPeshdadyan or seventh king of the first nasty of Persia.
i jlj

jL^

mandlir

(pi. of -^i**

mimhar), pulpits.

l:>-lx^

munujdt, prayers, silent devotions.

^jli.^
i

munddamat,

society,

familiarity,

sociableness.
A

iL^ mandrat, lighthouse

minaret, tower
to prayer.

Ap

<^L#

malik-zuda, king's son, prince.

;

from whence people are summoned

A CljylL* malakut, empire the invisible and heavenly world, empyrean heaven.

A cUjl:^ mimdzai.af, altercation, contest,

dispute, hot contention.

fierce

v^S^

malaki, angelic.

A {.^^^[x^ mundsih,

fit,

suitable, suited, con-

sonant, accordant, apposite.

ACJ'y.^ ff?M7t'fl^A, contaminated, defiled, soiled.

A ij_5^ muluh
(pi.

^UmjIx.^

mimdsabat, relation,

resemblance

of (Jil^ malik), kings.

analogy, proportion, comparison.

Jy^

maliil, dejected,

vexed, tired, weary,

d^s.'^Xu^

miindsahat, advice, admonition, ex-

sick; fastidious.

hortation, counselling.
art

A p |jji-* maluli, (thou)

weary

loathing.
re-

A ijO^^ mundzarat, disputation.

A uJ^lt*.^ mamdlik (pi. of <X>.L*.- mamlikat), gions, kingdoms, realms.

A _iL^ mandji^
A

(pi.

of <uii^ manfa-.at,

or

manfi^at), gains, profits, benefits, advantages.

A <UjU^ mtimuna-.at, prohibition, resistance, refusal; repugnance.

A jli.*.^ mumtdz, picked out, chosen
distinguished.
;

(^^U^

mundkiz, contrary, repugnant.

A <lsrb^ mundkahat, marriage.

A
*L-w*!i

eminent,

^^

mini

's

samds-,

from heaven.

mwntanh, prohibited
impracticable.
A

impossible.

iJt^^l

<J^JkxSl

1^
(pi.

mini

7 ^zd.biUadna\
i.e.

of

the lighter punishment,

prolonger,

of this world.

Sa^

mutnidd,

extender

aider,

A ^J^u^ mandhl

of j^^A.^ manlviy or 'U^.i-^

practices,

assistant.

^tSA^ mamduh,

praised, lauded.
close-fisted, par-

manhiyat,) forbidden things; crimes.

prohibited

A ^L.C*uA^ mumsik, holdfast,

simonious, stingy.

i3\i_\

1^

min

dydtihi, of or from its (the

Kur'an's) verses.
;

cuyU^

mamkut, hated, detested

odious.

j^ mimhar, pulpit.
mim ba^a,
afterwards.
J^xj

A foJ-*.^ mavilikat, dominion, realm, kingdom.

AuLiyv4>^ mmnluk, possessed, owned; purchased
slave, property.

A Sxj ^j^

^^

uliJJ mim

ha^da zdlika, after that.

obligation, fa-

^Xa^

A (L^ minnat, praise; thanks;

mamluki, relation of servant, servile

vour; reproaching, twitting or casting in the

teeth of benefits conferred,

condition, servitude.

p |W* man, I, and in the oblique case, me. weight of 2 lbs,, but in Hindustan of 80

A
lbs.

minnat lurdan,
tions.

to bear, or lie

a p i^'-V ''^^^^-^ under obliganihddan, to lay

-.^

man, who,he who, she who.him who whoso,

;

(^t^^/J \^:^Uy* fninnat

obligations, to confer a favour.

whosoever; who? \j|^?/iaza, who (is) this?

A ^.^ min, from; of; from amongst, by; besides;

p u:^:^ manat, I thee.

AP^^L-l

l::-^^^ mwflt^-sAzwa5,

one

who appreplaced,

for;

on account of; than.

'llatl,

\^

^^
t*

ciates favours, recognizesobligatioiis, grateful.

^^\

min sd

from this who.

there
is

^^

A e^~2xu^ muntasib, erect

set up,
;

Jj!^ md min mauludin,

none born.

erected, set on (as a caldron or pot)

marked

]10
A

with nmha or fatha, nasbated (as has been changed to kadr).

A iiii^ immtazir, one

when

l;idr

_i./

man-^ (or as used mana-,

),

forbidding

prohibition.

who

expects with im-

patience, waiting, expecting, expectant.

A ci^V^ ''"^ ^bdl, from my servant. (J"* A /A*:-^ mun^adim, lost, vanished, disappeared,
destroyed, annulled, ruined.
A i^xu^

A Ji:^^ vmntazim, arranged

threaded (as pearls).

placed in rows

mtm-.am, benefited, blest with abundance.

(A:^

mimtaha', finished,

terminated, com-

A mjc^ viunacuim, blest with the good things

of this world, rich, affluent.
A
<Uil

"pleted, accomplished, ended,

consummated.

p <__>^Ls^^ manjaluh, polluted water, in which

kXix

something impure, as a dog or carrion, has been thrown.

A

^^

min unda

'lldh,

from God, with

the favour of God.

A j*^'^ mtmajjim, astronomer, astrologer.

f^<'^ mima ghgh as, disturbed, embittered, made wretched, rendered miserable.
passes
pass, passage, defile.

j^
and
ing
;

jM-^

min Mair, of good, of what

is

good

A '^k.^ manfaz, that through which anything

;

desirable.

A Jj-'* manzil, dwelling-house, mansion; lodghalting-place, stage, station-house

;

A "ixi:*./* jHrtw/ffifl^jemolumentjadvantagejbenefit.

dig-

^JL^

munkazi, finished, ended, completed.

off",

nity, rank.

A jjajix^ munkati^, cut

exterminated.

A ^ji^ manzilan, as to rank (accus.).

A

U\u^

manzilat, rank, station

dignity

cha-

ili-^ /MwZ;ar,

racter, esteem.

denied ignored; atrocious, bad, wicked, in iquitous. Miinkir, ignorer ; averse, disapproving, evil-aff'ected.
;

L^yMi^ mansul, attributed, ascribed, imputed,

charged
;

^^'jx:^ munkarl,
vy-:.^
p j*^^

atrocity, iniquity.

Munkare,

impeached, accused

chargeable.

an atrocious oftence, an enormity.

^iu^

manash, I him.

(^ili.^ ^^Ji^stXxx^

j\

JL^

ma

nigar, look not (root ^^i^^/j).

(XJ^iJ^^f-iii^ yahe az mutauillikdni manash

manam, I am.
its

muttali^ garddnid, one of

my

friends

made

him acquainted.
A
luXJL:.^
writings.

A ^Jjit^ ^j^ min ma gh rihihdf from place, from the West.

p ^:^

setting

manshdt,

literary

compositions,

ma

nth, lay not, place not, set not.

p^^^u^ ma nisMn, sitnot(rt.,^^:iA^3

A i_^A.2;^ mansah,
iji

A
nishaslan).
i._.-.~2-,

^:^

mimyat, wish, desire.

desire.

|<rr-'* miinyatl,

my
A

ofiice, post,

dignity.

h^ manlyat, death, decease,

yatl,

is^.r^* mani-

mansahi kazu,

office of a

judge.

my

death.

K^
A(
i

mansahe, a post of dignity.

A _-^ manl^, inaccessible, impregnable.

p jp-.-^
r
-*

.,>ax^

wwwsan/, receding, retiring, departed.

ma

niyush (or niyosh), listen not.

A ij:.^x^ munsif, just, true, honest, candid.

Li^a:^ munsifan (ace).
kjy^z:^^ mansur, aided, defended, protected (by

mil, hair.

iS^j \^y* muyi

%angi, hair of

a negro,

{^^.y* muyash, his (or her) hair.

A {,^^>-\yt mawujih, causes, reasons, motives.

"God).
A
fj!i2.u^

A 'ijs>-\y muwdjahat, presence

mantik, speech, discourse
;

face to face.

logic, rea-

soning.

A Ss>^y muidMaz, taken to task, rebuked, reproved, chastised. A

A^lau^ manzar, face, countenance, aspect, looks.

aj^^y*
sion.

mu-dkliazat, remonstrance, reprchen-

ili:^

manzur, seen, viewed, beheld; beloved

AP^Jp

c:JiX>-\^ mus-dkhazat kardan,

object, favourite.

to call to

an account.
(pi.

/^ii^^

manzum

(fem.

^^^ix^'*

manzumat),

m aivdshi

of tU.i)L milshiyat),

composed

in verse, metrical.

quadrupeds,

cattle.

^y.

111
A
p

l:^^^

A iJ^\y muwdzahit, perseverance, assiduity.

A (J^^y* miiwufik, conformable, suitable, agreeable, consonant, apt,
fit.

i^^y

Musa', Moses, the Jewish lawgiver.

i^y
i.e.

mush, mouse.
kur, blind little mouse,

p 1^

CS^J^y mushaki
the mole.

i^\y

muwufahat, agreement, concurrence,

A

acquiescence; assent, consent; concert; aptness, suitability.

{^yy tnausuf, furnished with qualifications,

qualified

A iUJi*^ mutdnasat, intimacy, familiarity. A

characterized, distinguished scribed; praised; before-mentioned.

;

de-

LUyt

maut, death.
Muiatldhir, pe-

%-^y

maiiza^, place

village, hamlet,

town.

A Jiy* muiathtkar, impressed.

netrating,
effectual, effective, efficient.

Jt^y

mauzaie, a place, a certain place.

making an impression; impressive,

wave.

A dJicy*

maw^zat

(p pi. \ji^as-y

mauazahd),

advice, admonition, exhortation, homily.

A A

^yt
k

maiij,

k^jiy
iatfjiyVi, in

muwaffak, assisted, favoured.

Muwaffik,

'-^y* mujib, cause, means, motive, reason,

account, pav

onewhoprospers,favours, seconds; sure guide.

-s^M^
to.

conformity

with, according

i^y
jJ*.^

mtiwakkal, appointed guardian, charged

;

A ^>-y* muj'a^, pained,

afflicted

with pain (the

with, entrusted a prisoner).

superintendent ; keeper (of

birth-place.

metre requires it tobewrittenj^xj^^OTiyac.!).

A Jj^j-^rt<{/u(/,found,existing,existent; ready,
present, forthcoming.

A
A

mauUd, native country,

%^y

mula^

excited; greatly addicted, pasiXfej

sionately fond, wishful, greedy.

(pi.

vJ:->1

J^^*

maujudut
found
;

of '^Jy>-y* mauju-

mulaij zuhd, given to devotion.

^y

dat), things

existences.

^^y
iJy

muwajjah, approved, agreeable.

^J^ymuiamf, A i^^y maulud,

A

compiler, composer, author.

born.

A S=-^y muwahhid, one

who

confesses the unity

;

of God, unitarian, antitrinitarian

A iJj- maula\ lord, master, ruler,

maulcC
,

orthodox.

i^y^

(f^

God, the ruler,

(by some mom), wax.

A A

mawaddat, friendship, love.

p Aty
muiazzi'n, the crier
to

mum

^^y
t^^y

who summons Mu-

hammadans
A

prayer from the turret (slender tower or minaret) of a mosque.

mu^%l, noxious, injurious, hurtful, per-

kijy
A

mas-unaf, provisions, daily food or rations.

?M?'s,

^JMjy
friend.

intimate, familiar; companion,

nicious.

Vjy
p

tnur (or mor), ant,

emmet, pismire

reptile.

^^^^Lj i^y p i_$y mil, hair of the head. cavity behind the hair of the muyi bundgosh,
ears.

\.::^iy muyat, thy hair.

p ijXss'jy murchuna, rust of iron.

A
tX

'^jy
little

)^ mmaiyad, aided, assisted, strengthened,

inurcha

(pi.

^^^^-^^jy*

murchagun),
p

helped, rendered victorious.

ant, pismire, emmet ; (figuratively) hairs about the face, whiskers.

^^y
<L<

mus-e, a single hair.

^jy
^^jy

muram,

(I)

am

an ant.
;

p
hereditary.

mah, the moon. Mih, great, superior.

fear, dread,

A
p p k A

<^jy

mauruth, inherited

A AjLx mahdbat,
jesty.

alarm

awe; maa camel's

mure, an ant.
p
rust.

d^\ijy muriydna,

il^ mihdr,

reins, halter, bridle

^t\y

viauzun, weighed, measured.

;

bridle, which is a peg put through the animal's nose, with a string attached to each side.

(*^y mamim, time, season monsoon. A (*yy mmisum, marked, signed, impressed,
branded
;

p Sj\j

i^ mah-pdra,
mihtar
(pi.

(piece of moon), mistress.

greater,

::^'

^^ z^^ mihtarun),

noted, characterized

named.

superior.

119

U
this

p i_5rV*

''^iihtar I,. gr eatness

superiority.
off,

ma^ahu maiyitim,
dead (thing).
;

(man) has with him a

\^-sA'^

mahjur, separated, cut

excluded

fled from,forsaken,deserted,rejected,sliunned.

^.^ mekh,

nail,

peg or pin.
nails,

Ja-

15^^^
course,

A iX^^ mahd, cradle.

mefcJn chand,

some

a few pegs.
cii'cus,

'SjY*

fnihr, love,

attachment; tenderness, kind''"^'^^^^i

A j^iJu.^ maiddn, plain, area,

ness.

iArV*

love of

him

arena
(her, it).

battle-field, battle.
;

Muhr,
p

seal; virginity.

^,jY*

'mihrldn, kind, affectionate, friendly

A
;

-^ mlr, prince C-jL^ mirdtli,

die thou (rt. ^^-V* murdan).

heritage, inheritance.

friend, lover.

p*ji -^OTi/'awrt/rt,makemeto die(rt.jyJk-JK-^)

beautiful.

v^ji,^ mah-ru, moon-faced,

^
coral.

p J.

^j^ ml ravad, goeth,

is

going

(rt.

^J^j)-

f^^j mah-ruil, (thou) art fair as the

moon.

>w.wi miiyassar, facilitated,

made

easy; prac-

ijj^r^

mttkra,

chessman bead of glass or

;

ticable, feasible, obtainable; obtained, gained.

A*.^,^jM7m?,momentous(affair),gTand,serious,
urgent, weighty (business).

;J_ji*::-^

ml slm^l, thou canst wash

(rt. ^j:^jx>1>).

A J>-jlL*^ Mll'd^ll, Michael, the aichangel,

thought by the

j^l^^ mihmdn,

guest.

Muhammadans

to

be the

p t/U-J

u;^'^

mihman-sarai, guest-chamber,
roof.

especial protector of the Jews, as Gabriel is

of the followers of Islam.

house for strangers, hospitable

p
tjl/*.^,^

mihndm,

p *u)jL^ ml Icardam, I was making.

feast,

entertainment; hos-

pitality.

A jj-^ mail, inclination, leaning, bias

fond-

J^^ miihmal, neglected, disregarded.

mil, negligent, careless.

Muh-

ness, partiality,

a p ^i-\i

J^ mail kardan,
;

to bend, bias,

A
p
p p

U^

for anointing the eye

a Mil, needle skewer or wire with collyrium. an inclination.

muJiaiycC , prepared,

made

ready.

^X^

maile, a leaning, a bias,

ij-^^

mihln, greatest, noblest.

1^^ mai, wine.

^.^ ml, a redundant
particle prefixed to Per-

A ^y*.^ maimun, prospered with success, favoured by fortune fortunate, auspicious name of a man.
;

sian tenses, especially the present and im-

p
p

L-w/

mind, enamel

blue heaven, azure sky.

perfect
as

also to the continuative imperative,

^_>ujJc-y*

mayandesh, be not anxious (root

^

^L-^

ml hash, continue

to be

^j^

ml

^^Ju1jJu\ andeshldan; the

///

having been

rav,

keep on going.

changed iuto
(rt.

^ ye

after the

ma

of pro-

p L-^

may a, come not

j^J^^l dmadan).
(rt. j^^.^;^;! ).
;

hibition

by

a rule of

grammar).

p i\jL^ maydzdr, distress not p 1^1--^ miydn, waist, middle

twixt,

p i-^ miva, fruit.

between, be-

f^y^ (^W* "2/"^ bastan, to gird the waist. (oV* ^1 J^ 2 dn miydn, from the midst thereof, from amongst them. j^U^ j^^
(_jJc^
1

p p

^
\j
\j

na, not (a prefixed negative particle),

nd a

(prefix), not, non-, uu-, in-, dis-.

(affix, pron.), us,
I

dar miydn dmadan, to come on the tapis.

A

of us, our.

p ^-,p

ijV*

miydn-tihl,

empty within, hollow.

p aiiytj
p <X^\
li
\j

nd dzmuda, untried, inexperienced,

(or

^L^ wjycZna, middle; middle-sized, middling,

moderate; mediation.
1

nd umed

nd ummed), despairing,

dcspairer, despondent,
(rt.^^Ji^l
^^'^
).

p Jo

1-^ ml dyadjis coming,cometh

^'^^-'^rr^

p L_fiV-^ ^ nd umedl, despair, hopelessness, p A

A c:-^^ maiyit, dead.

''J*-^

hdzd

^\

I)

nd

ahl,

unworthy, worthless, base.

;U

113

^^
ir-*^
li

p V

^1^
*

Ij

nd hahari, uselessness.

p j^^l

li

nd khwush-dwdz, possessed of

Jy

li

nd luda, not been, not become. Md Jzwa

(pi.

a disagreeable voice, harsh-voiced.

vj:J^j>-

p U-J

l)

jjIjU-j

nd khwushtar, more unpleasant,

?ia

hindydn),

not seeing, blind, sightless.

p (^li-J
iV''a
li

more grating.
p i^^jli ndddn, ignorant, inexperienced; fool.

a hindil, want of

sight, blindness.

hlndte, a blind person.

\j

p ti^'^li ndddni, ignorance, folly;

(thou) art

p p

cJb
j^Jkjl)

nd pdk, unclean,

dirty, nasty, filthy.

in-

ignorant.
A )jli nadir, rare, wonderful, wondrous, un-

\j

nd pdi-dur, unstable, unsteady,

constant.
p^lij-jjy
l) Wf7j5ifl!rAe3;9'dr,

usual,

uncommon.
li

^^.u^^c^'^jU

nddiru

husn, of rare beauty.

inattentive, incautious,

negligent; intemperate, incontinent, unchaste.

p Jcuyj
l)

\j::,..^ji^

nd

dtirust,

untrue, incorrect, in-

accurate, wrong.

nd pasand, disapproved, unapproved

p iJkj^
A
,li

li

nd

dlda, unseen
;

unkno7\'n.
\j\j

objectionable, unbecoming, distasteful,

pleasing, unpleasing, offensive.

dis-

ndr

(fem.), fire

hell.

ndran (ace).
;

p f_$SUMjj

\j

nd pasandi, disapprobation

any-

pjli Mds, blandishment, caress, caressing grace,

thing deserving of disapprobation.

p
iJk-^XwuAj

coquetry, feigned disdain, delicacy, airs.

nd pasandida, disapproved; deserving of censure and disapprobation; offenI)

JjU

nu%il, lowered, descending.

p ^jr^j^

ndznln, lovely, amiable,

agreeable,

sive, unpleasant.

delicate, airy lady; belle, mistress.

p ^JuJj^ J

l)

nd tardshlda, unhewn, untrimmed,

unfinished, crude, imperp

^*^j^

ndznini, (thou) art a beauty.

unpolished, uncouth.

p L)

li

zild, ill-favoured.

PA*LJ' U Ma

^fl/rta/H,

^Si

;lj

ndzidan, to coquet, to put on pre-

fect, defective.

^yi

li

nd tuwdn, impotent, weak, powerless.

tended haughtiness, to pride or plume one's self, to boast, to swell, look big, be elated.

p cJ'y

li

wd tuwdni,

inability,

weakness, im-

A^^li nds, men, mankind. /-.Ui an nds, mankind,

(^^fy^^ (^."^

potence.

l5^ (jwUl an
(follow or

ndsu

uilu'

PA

t^j**^-^

li

ndjins, ignoble; ill-conditioned,

d'mi niulukihim,
fession)

men

make

a pro-

p ^jAJ'\^

I)

nd jawdn-mard {^\.^.ij^\^
;

according to the religion of their

\j

nd jawun-marddn). not a gentleman, ungentlemanly illiberal, ignoble.

p
ils"- li

kings.
p jL;
li

nd

sdz, inharmonious, dissonant, dis-

nd chdr,

helpless, remediless.
vile,

cordant.

J-^

I)

nd chU; nothing- worth,

li

con-

il)

;L.

li

nd nd

sazffdr,

uncongenial.

temptible.

p ^/L-j

li

sipds, ungrateful, unthankful.

^jyuUwii

^J^
li

nd hakk-shinds, ungrateful.

pILj

li

nd sazd,unworthy,improper, unbecoming.

p ,j^lj nukhun, nail, claw, talon. p LJy^

p

p
p

i^.tj-j li
(_/^ l-J li
li

nd sazdwdr, uncongenial, ungenial. nd

nd
sazdi,

nd khub, unseemly, uncomely.

wd
kJiubl,

unworthy.

ij-y^
liness.

li

want of beauty, uncome-

p ,^U-j

sazds-e,

an unworthy personage.
ndshirdt), brisk,

A iJ^Aj ndshirat
Ij

(pi. c:-5|-lli

p ijk^'^
p i>^jy>-

nd khtcurdan, not eating not to eat.

;

fresh, blowing, blustering (wind).

li

nd khwurda, not eaten, untasted;

felt

p ^.j:^s>~\:^

li

nd shindhht, unknown, without

not suffered,
p i/ipli

or experienced, unfelt.

acquaintance.

nd khicmh, unpleasant, disagreeable, harsh, unharmonious.

A j^li ndsih, monitor, faithful adviser.

kj^\j ndsir, defender,

assistant, hilper.

15

114

r"

p A

^\ya

U wd

scncdb, not right, vain, false.

;

PA iXcw U nd nmsd^id, unfavourable, unpropitious.

A <i^\j nusiyat, forelocks, pendulous ringlets

front, appearance, bearing.

Aj^U

nutur, gardener, watcher, keeper of a

p A (Sx:iMj^ u na miista^ tdd, unapt, inept, incapable, unready.

vineyard or palm-plantation.

^^

.^Ll^^

PA (vJt^ w nd murium, unknown.

pA

Jt wa
A
iil)

'n

ndtur ghair mdni^, and the

J^^* U nd miuauwal,
I)

not to be trusted,

keeper not preventing.

ndzi'r

not trustworthy, unsound.

ndzirdn), looker,
PAjJ^jJL*

(p

pi.

nd

OTrtMu^, unaccepted, unwelcome.

i^^J^^

viewer, inspector, spectator, beholder.

pal_->jU-^ U nd />nmas/5, unfitting, improper,

p L_ilj ndf, the navel.

P

unbecoming.
;

A iJlj

M(I/?2,

penetrating, piercing

valid, ope-

jy*^ ndmvar,
\j

famous, celebrated, noted, re-

nowned, notorious.
PAj_j^ ]y

rative, effective, received, obeyed.

p (*^ji ^ ndfarjdm, unpropitious, unhappy.

p

nd MZM,discordant,inharmonious.

^L^

\j

nafarmdn, disobedient, uncomplyadvantageous, salutary,

w-^li ndmus, reputation, character, fame,

honour, credit, esteem,

p

ing, stubborn, refractory.

^IjU
it*lj

j_il) ndfi^, profitable,

j a\j

ndm u

nishdn,

name and

trace,

useful.

^liJ

hi ndfi:^, of

any use.

nama, writing,

letter, record,

book,

p ,<^lj ndml, illustrious, renowned, famed, A

f^jai\j

ndkis, deficient, defective; diminished,

impaired.

Jilt

^^J^

ndhisi

^alcl,

deficient

p jjl) nun (but by Persians usually pronounced

in understanding, unintellectual, dull.

nun), bread
bread.

loaf.

^^

^Ij ndni

tihl,

dry

p^t^^li wa karda7i,noiiom?i\.Q; the non-making.

p r
Si^J,
\j

Lbj ^Ij

am'r5a^, bread given

away
and

at monasteries to travellers, pilgrims,

nd karda, unfinished, undone. nd

leas,

1^
ili^

\j

mean, base,

vile,

worthless

mendicants. u_2Jf^ jjU ndni wakf, bequest of bread in charity.

p iCi\^
li

a nobody,
p

nd nihdda, not put, not placed, not

loaf, a single loaf.

U nd gdh, suddenly, unexpectedly,

all at

allotted.

once, on a sudden.

p ijlj ndne, a
to

p i^yii^

U ndguftan, not

speak; not speaking,

Odl)

ndvarl, wilt not bring (a contraction

p i^\j nugah, suddenly,

^j^^^

ndgaJie,

on a

of (_5^jly

naydvarl, from

the root ^-Vl

sudden, unexpectedly.
p (jiJlj ndlish, complaint, lamentation.

dvardan, to bring),
p jL^Ji
I)

wa hamrvdr, uneven, unsuitable,

;

dis-

tijl)

ndla, complaint,
to

moan, lamentation,

proportioned, ungainly

untidy, unruly.

p jo^^ ndlldan,
groan.
p
/t\j

complain, lament, bemoan,

p i^\j ndi, neck, throat; flute, pipe.

p (^jlj

'*"

ydftan, not to find, procure, or

nam, name
l)

fame, character, reputation.

obtain.

ndmat, thy name.

call,

^jy

^\

nam

p JjU ndyad (for J^,ly naydyad), comes not.

nihudan, to name, to
p A c_> v*.s"*

*jl3

wam, sleeping, asleep.

*jlJJ /;' ndtimi,

U nd mahhuh, unloved,
li

disliked.

for one asleep, for the sleeping.

VA ^S\y*
p /*><*
li

nd murddi, unpleasantness,

p
dis-

^Ij nun, reed, cane

the throat, neck.

agroeablcncss, disappointment.
(pi. ^^J>^dy \j nd marhuman, inhuman, barbarous; base, dumdn, not

p ci^'Lj wflJa^, fine sugar, white and refined, p

ti^-j

nd mardum

nahard, war, battle, conflict.

JS^a

barad,he

ignoble, vile.

taketh not away, removeth not (root ^Jiji hurdaji). Na hurad, he cuts not off".

J^
mit to
V

115

)
(^f****

p \^j^ na larl, thou shouldest not bear or sub(it.

palm groves of the Banl

called), a place in Arabia.

hilal, a tiibe so

(j^

hurdan).

\^,J1^
^J^-iij-^

p Jj^ and, are.

nahisht, writing, inscription,

A *1jJ
nabishtan, to write,
nahishta, written, scribbled.
(C-JL-J

niddi^, voice, call

from heaven.

<L^\jk"'

fl(?oMa^, repentance, contrition, regret.

A j^/aJ nah%, the pulse.

A

p iJIju
gift or

na ddni, thou kno west not; knowest not

?

iy^ mihuwat, prophecy, prophetical

office,

thou

(rt. (^:xjlt>

ddnistan).

function or privilege of a prophet.

p JjJu ^flri,rendethnot(rt.^J>jjJ(?rtn<7ff).

lJ^^
Jki--J

wa bude, would not be.

A 'UJk3 nxidamd'friends,

(pi.

of ^;Ju nadlm), intimate

A je-J nabiy, prophet.

p

boon companions, courtiers.

dihad, giveth not
(rt.

na

b'lnad, seeth

not

(rt.

^A.^ti didan).
;

S&Si na

,^^\'^ dddan).

p X^ipj na tarsad, he should not fear

ought

p iJ*JJJ dida>e, hast thou not seen?

he not to fear p

(rt.

^^ Juy tarsidan).

A
^^J'-'

A-i

Ju nadlm (p pi. j^Uj Ju nadimdn), courtier,

^y^
Jkj'4i3

na tuwdn, (one) cannot.

rast,

confidant, boon-companion.

l:^-j^

na tuwdn
p

one cannot escape,

JJ nazr, vow, ofiering; gift to a superior.

nazlr, admonisher, monitor; prophet or

na tuwdnad, cannot.

A^jJ

p ^j:mJ)\j:^ na tuwdnistan, not to be able.

teacher sent to terrify the wicked. Uj J^ nazlran (ace.)

Ajlij

money, or anything thrown by way of largess among the populace on festive occasions a scattering, showering down.
7iithur,
;

Lj JJ ^Lj!l
'2

-*jcj

'J>^ kafa' bi

taghaiyuri
is

zamdni naziran, change

admonisher (similar

of time
to

sufficient

the

A *rsr najm,

star.

phrase b jljfe i^\

^ii

kafa^ alldh hddiyan,

p (^^=sr naj'uti, thou seekest not.

God
p L

is

guide enough).
rasi,

A
A.

1^/=^ naknu, we.

na

thou wilt not arrive.

mild, gentle; downy.

js^nakw, way,
grammar.

path, track.

,^\
;

an nahw,

p /y
P

wasr/w, soft,

A uJyssT nahiviy, grammatical

teacher of sync:.->.l.'

ic^y narmi,

softness, mildness, gentleness.

strife, dispute.

tax,grammarian.

U^U^ J*"^,' ^^^^

A c\y nizd^, quarrel,

p p
Lijj

-^

bulltu bi

nahwlyin yasulu

mu gh dziban

nazd, near, towards, with.

nazdlk, near, with.
(pi. ,^il^;.iJJ

zalaiya', I

worries

am plagued by a grammarian (who) me in a rage.

nukJiust, first
;

CX) JJj

naz-

dlkdn), near, adjoining, present.

(;

first
;

of

all.

vj^yjJJJ nazdiktar, nearer.

p |^-i*usr miMustln,

first

original, former.

A c jj

nazac^,

the agonies of death.

;

Lii^-ww-iiir

na Muftast,
;

is

not asleep.
often,

A Jj5p MMsuZ, descending, alighting

descent.

A J=c^ naMl, palm-tree

tree in general.

and

any young

tJJip

nuzhat, delight, pleasure.

nisbat, relation, reference, relationship.

A p

JkiJ

J'^a^ naUd-batid,

maker

of

A <U*J
artificial

flowers.

A Ju*J nasuddu,
(U-ir^

we

close

up

(aor. of Jkj sadda).

A iiyA.^^

nakhla^i mahmud, the

name

of

^^j*t*->

nisrln, wild rose.

style,

a pleasant halting-place on the road to Mrcca, three days' journey from the city of Kufah, where the pilgrims are wont to rest under the palm-trees whence its name.
:

A fj.^ nasak, usage, fashion, order, method. A

^i.J nasi, offspring,
naslj,

mode, way,

progeny, race, breed.

J^-

^<-.

]-:S^ nalyjnli banl hildl,

{lit.

the

A '^juJ

woven

garments of

fine texture.

u
A CUliJ nasha-ta, thou hast grown up,
A.

116
A

u-*-'
na-.t,

l::^x.'>

description, epithet

praise.

rULJ nashdt, cheerfulness, joyousness,

sprightliness.

glee,

A iju

na-.rat, shout, crj-, scream.

A iJujCi na-,sh, bier

it

with a dead body

it is called

laid

upon

p (^lAJ nishdn, sign, mark, trace, characteristic

scar;
flag,

(when empty

-j

sarlr).

standard.

^^\'^

^lAJ nishdn
sit,

(_l*j

nad, horse-shoe.
farrier.

dddan, to point out.

p ^JJl-tL.3 nishdndan, to mark; to cause to
to seat, to place
;

AP xJxxj na^l-band, smith,

AP^^
A

j^xAaj na^lband-pisar,h\acksmith.'sson.

to

quench, extinguish,

allaj'.

<SjLiJ

nishdna, mark, aim, butt, target.

is

j_^-l^ na^lain (oblique dual), pair of shoes

with wooden
p iX>LiJ na shdijad,
unfit,

soles

clogs.

not suited,

is

improper,

unbecoming, suits not,

;

A **J na^tn, yes, very well.

befits not.
iUjt3

Ni^m

(pi.

of

p Lii^A-AJ nishad, he sat

sitting.

nicmat), good things.

p ^^:mjmjj nishastan, to
be fixed
;

sit,

squat

to settle, to

A iUjtJ ni-.mat, blessing, favour, grace, bounty;

prosperity,
riches,

to

be extinguished.
seated;
sitting;
?

wealth,

opulence, good

p ic^jJUJ

nishasta,

settled.

things; tendernes?,delicacy; liberality,

pa

.S

(k^M^jJ nishasta^e, art

thou sitting

^ii^xj jSi\ gar andar nionati,

in affluence.
?

if

(thou) art

p ax^uJLj na shanidaie, hast thou not heard

p i_$JijJnashavi, thou wiltnotbecome(rt jj_v.i). p c_.wlj nisMb, descent, declivity, slope.

nishlman, seat, mansion.

^c"'*^^ niitnate, a single favour.

bi Hldh, let

A AuU J^xj na^zu

us
!

fly to

God

God
^^mL)).
A A

help lis heaven forefend tory formula).

!

(a depreca-

i^j*JmJ

nishin, sit, sit

down

(imp. of

uv*it)
^_-jeJ

na<^b, croaking, croak. croak.

p p

|i-AJ

nisMnam,

sit. sit.

nauk, croaking,

^Aj AP^J^
Aj-^

nishlni, thou shouldest

I

A
appoint.

*-jeJ na<jj.m, affluence,

anything good which

-.*aJ

nasi kardan, to

fix,

we

enjoy; pleasure, delights,

nasr, victory.

JVasara, he succoured, he

p jA3 na gh z, beautiful, good, p JjAj na gJi ztar.

helped, (used optatively) may He render victorious (In the text, this word has been, by mistake, printed nassara.)
!

more agreeable.

p iUjii naghma, soft, sweet musical sound,

lody.

me-

A A

^j\j^

IJasrdniy, Nazarene, Christian.

A
<isa>.2J naslliat,

jjlij nifak, hypocrisy, dissimulation.

'ijii

advice, counsel, admonition,

exhortation.

nafrat, abomination, aversion, disgust

fright, alarm, terror.

A V f^:L~^:^^'i nasihatgar, counsellor, adviser.

A ^juM

nafs, soul,

spirit

self,

person

carnal

A Aikj nutfat, seed, sperma hominis.

desire, carnality.

iJC\ ^jjJii nafsi amnidra,

A A

^_^

nutlc,

speech, articulation.

imperious
k-_.'\l?l

lust,

concupiscence.

Nafas, breath,
^/*AJ

c-.-'-iaJ

nutibu,

we

find sweet (aor. of

rt. t_.jll? tuba,

breathings; talk;

moment. aPj^J.^I J

atdba, 4th form of the

concave
A

nafas bar dvardan, to give utterance.

^ ye).
A
A
A
^

^--kj nutlbuha,

we find them sweet.

PjtJ

ij*>.sj

/s-^rM;fl!r,self-indulgent,8elfish;

A Ja3 nazar, sight, look, glance, regard, view,

attention.

eftbminate, luxurious.

AP^iJp

iaJ

na%ar kardan, toYodk.

A CS-mJu A

nafsiika, thyself,

thy soul.

^j^
iJaJ

nazare, a look, a glance.

awouij nafsihi,

(from) himself.
single breath, one breath, a
ij nafase sard, a cold sigh.

nazm, verse, poetry.

^jmJu nafase, a

S..^ wzj/(fem. &sJaJ nazifat), pure, clean.

sigh.

yipj

ir'

L^'

; ;

izij

(117

<jj^

A kij naft or
naphtha.

nift,

naphtha, bitumen, liquid

p ikXJ:>Xi nikuhlda, despised, blamed, scorned,

spoken
p

ill

of; despicable.
;

AFj^jJ^ kij naft-andd%, maker of fireworks.

A p ^IwVJI ki) naft-andazi, the art of making
or exhibiting fireworks.

(^^
jUJ

nikuil, goodness, kindness, amiability

beauty. ^j->S tij^ nikun kardan, to do good.

p
nigdr,

picture; beloved object,

sweet-

A _a3
A
isJi)

wa/j.,

gain, profit, advantage, benefit.

heart; beauty.

|^0p

.1x3

nigdr kardan, to

nafakat, the necessary expenses for living.

(.

draw, paint, limn, pourtray.

p Ajl>-jUj nigdr-khdna, picture- gallery
;

Ap

i"^ <S^ nafaka kardan,

to disburse.

the

1^

nafur, abhorring, hating; averse, alien.

exile, transportation

house or studio of the celebrated impostor

Manes, founder of the heretical sect of the

Manichseans in the early ages of Christianity.
p

A ^Ju nafi, banishment,

"prohibition, negation.
A^_^-u-iJ nafls, precious; a
is

precious object which

^JiJ^
lovely.

nigdrln, embellished

beautiful, fair,

received with such eagerness as to stop the

p ilxJ nigdh, look.

^iJ^^J iuJ nigdh ddshtan,

breath (^^/^' nafas).

to keep, to observe, to
;

watch

to

guard, save,

A
A

ipUj
fc_-JiJ

nakkdsh, embroiderer

painter, limner.

preserve. ^Jti ivvj nigdh kardan, to look, to

nakb (p

pi.

l^^

nakhhd), subterraneous

view, to watch.

excavation, digging through a wall, breach.

p^|ij nigardn

(pres.part.), looking, beholding.

A
A

jJiJ nalcd,
^_^jJij

ready money, coin, small change.

p (^i-jij nigaristan, to behold, look.

p

nakde, the

money.
/t\s-

p ijSJ nukra, silver.

virgin silver.

syu

nukrat-i

Mum,
;

i^j^^Sj nigaristan,

to look, peer, pry.

;

p ^csxj na giifta, unsaid, not spoken

not having

spoken, as long as one has not spoken.

spot,

A ijHsJ naksh, picture, drawing, design

paint. A pjlx)
.

^Sj

nigun, upside down, turned, inverted.

;

^JjjSJ

naksh u nigdr, spots and hues,

p c:.^.s^3 Jsi ?yM-JM<,unfortunate,ill-fated

paintings and ornaments.

unlucky wight.
p iSJ nigah, sight,
j^y:-!^

A
A

fjosi)

ndks, defect, deficiency, injury.

loss, injury, defect, deficiency,

<iSJ

nigah ddshtan,

to guard, preserve, keep, save, reserve, hold

^o^"^ nuksdn,

imperfection, diminution, failure.

A

to observe, watch.
to look,

^'^

nigah kardan,

^JJu nakz, violation of contract, rupture.

jl J &>j nigah ddr, preserve thou,

Ah nakl, transportation, translation, removal,

migration,

nigln, a ring, especially the seal-ring of

;

ap ^^^S
;

a prince
jJaJ nakl kardan, to re-

a precious stone set in a ring,

move, migrate

to copy.

p *j nam, dew. p jtij namdz, prayer

;

A _'ow' nikdh, marriage.

prayers, especially those

iSj

prescribed by law to be repeated thrice a day.

nakhat, adversity, sad reverse.

p Jjtij a mdnad, remaineth not; A icSj nitktat, subtle or quaint conceit or point
riddle.

is

no more.

aJJUJ Ma mdndam,
kunad, makes not
;

I remained not. coarse woollen

saddle-

Ju^ na
Xj Jj

(rt.

^i^ kardan).

niku, good, beautiful

well; safeandsounu.

namad-zin, ^ J Saj saddle

cloth
;

stuffed

on the upper part to

prevent the rider being galled.

V jj
wjXu-ru, handsome-faced,

p A Cl-'V

A
niku-slrat, virtuous, moral,
p

li4J

namat, mode, manner,

style,

fashion,

strain,

way, custom,
salt,

likeness.

p (^y-' niku-ndm, respectable, respected, p ^Jl>$o nikuhldan, to despise, slight, blame.

lL>-^ namak,
(j-.^-j

namakm,

salted, salt;

seasoned,

sa-

; ;

J^
;

118

Ia^^
;

voury sprightly, arch, sparkling, witty handsome, beautiful.

A

r izJ^y navishta, written, inscribed

writing.

Pj)j^j>-wy

nosh-ddru, treacle; any antidote to

J^

7iaml, (fern.)

ant

(figur.) whiskers,

poison
p

an electuary.
noshidan, to drink
;

p i^'^y*^ namudan, to show, point out, display,

evince, manifest, discover; to appear.

^^S^y
sia

to take, swallow.

p ^^^jJl^y noshlravdn,
dis-

name of

a king of Per-

p i^'^y^ tiamude, he

was in the habit of

to

playing, he

was wont

shew.

(Chosroes the first), in whose reign Muhammad was born; he is often designated by
the Arabic epithet of

p ijy^ namuna, example, pattern, sample, specimen; exemplar.

p c^jCij na7ig, honour, character
grace, dishonour.
;

J t^U!^

al ca<f<7,the Just,

^jr^y

noshln, sweet, pleasant.

shame,

dis-

Cy

wMc., species, kind,

mode,

sort.

p jcv^ na nihi, thou puttest not

p

(rt.

^^jl^).

A^-isnau-^, a species, a

sort,

a mode, a manner;

nau, new, fresh, recent.

a new, particular, peculiar, or original manner,

A ^ft-lJ nawdjd

p
(pi.

of

<*>*- 1)

ndhiyat), en-

^X^y
^y
nun,

naumedl or nauinldz, despair.

fish,

"virons, parts adjacent.

p ^^j:J>~\^ nawaMJtan, to soothe, to caress, to

indulge, or treat with kindness.

zu 'w nun, (lord of i^y^^ j J the fish), a name given to the prophet Jonah also the name of a certain personage famed

for piety,

who

died a.h. 245 (a.d. 860).

Ajjly nawddir
rai'e
A.

(pi.

of

is.

jU

nddirat), rarities,

p ij>x*j

nawlsanda, writer.

things.

p
^y^y)
>i'^j^\
A.'

4} na, not, no, neither, nor.

(Sj

nawdl, present,

gift,

donative.
p
na^-e,

thou art not.

nau-dvarda, fresh-brought.
p ij nih, put, place, lay, lay
rt.

A
p

down

(imperat. of

naubat, period, time, turn.

^^^
cence.

(^i^^J nihddan).

Nuh, nine.

nau-Jaivdn, one just

come

to adoles-

^ly

nuhaju,

we are

excited,

we are roused up.

(iSome copies, and those, perhaps, the best,

-y

Nilh, the patriarch Noah, called

by the
read_l^<j yuhdju, one
is

agitated or stirred
are the pass. aor.

Muhammadans
p sJl^ J

^^jJLi^\ ^.IShaiMiu'l murprophets (those sent).

a rush is

made both words

;

salin, elder of the

of the vb.

\jts

hdja, concave

i^

ye).

nau-damida, newly-sprouted (incip iAj^ nihdd, nature, disposition, habit.

light.

pient beard).

A ly nur,

p i^<^^J nihddan, to place, put, set, lay, lay by, lay up, layout; to leave, to fix; to wear; to
set out.

p ij^Jj^ navardan (or j^Jj J^y navardldan), to omit, pass by or over, to neglect.

p iJ)\j^ nihdda, placed, laid, set, fixed

having
secret,

p iXf^j

nau-raslda,

newly arrived

new,

placed

hath placed.
;

fresh, recent; gei'minating.

p (^L(P nihdn, hid, hidden, concealed

occult, latent, clandestine.

',11

nau-roz, New-year's-day, which, iu the

is

Persian Calendar,

the day on which

tlie

p j^yi.i^J i^ly nihdn ddshtan, to keep secret,

sun enters Aries.

p \^\*)

p ci^J nihdnl, secret, hidden, concealed, pri-

nau-rozi, suited to or

becoming the

vate, privy, clandestine.

festival of

New-year's-day, New-year's.

p >^J}\^ nihdvand (or nuhdvand),

in Persian Irak.

name

of a city

p /ij nosh, drink, honey, sweets.

p ij^^J^^ navisht or nivisht, what

writing, scripture
;

is

written,

<i)^jj

nihdyat, end, extremity, ne plus ultra.

rill.

written.
is

kj^
p

nahr, river, rivulet,

nihuft,

LJ:.-^AJ.lJ3

navisht asf,

written or scribbled.

<j:^SL,^J

he concealed

secrecy, secret.

p ^J^jJ navishtan,

to write.

p ^J'*\J nihuftan, to hide, conceal.

119
se-

-Cj
(rt.
<"''"

F dzJi^^ nihufta, hidden, latent, concealed

cretly.

p <^ r^ nayarzad, is not worth

zldan.
^_S

j^^^Jj'

Here the

a??/

has been changed to

A ^J^j nahalca, he brayed (3 per. sing, pret.) p t^S^ nahang (by some nihang), crocodile,
alligator; shark.

ye after

wa).

Pj^

nlru, strength.
also, likewise, too
;

^Y^

nahy, prohibition,

a p ^^'^S

^^

nahy

p j-j wi2,

even

again,

p iLo neza, spear, lance, javelin,

p jb ^j-i neza-bdz, spearman, lancer, tUter.

"kardan, to forbid, prohibit.

t-^^J

nahlh, terror, fear,

;

p iS nai, reed, cane

flute, pipe.

p ci^Au-J mst, p
rest (root
jc^iAu^^ wzs^z,

is not, consists

not.
;

A tj

n'l,

me

(affixed to verbs),

(thou) art not

destitution.

p X.t\j\^

naydrdmad, (he) will not

drdmidan).

p (ji-J msh, sting.

sting, to strike

^Jj

(ji.-j

iA zadan, to

^S^\j\

with the

sting.

pjju^
^^>^^
1 1

nai-shakar, sugar-cane,

p Jk-,^lj 7iaydrund,he rested not(rt.

p ScJui nayuftdd, did not fall out, happen, or

Obs. the first of the two ] alifs has been changed

occur
to ^> ye, after ^^ was

(rt.

jj<^^^ uftddan).
nayafshdndl, thou scatteredst not.

by a

rule of grammar).

p
not.

pJjLj wayarflf?, will not bring(rt.j^J^l dvardan).

^ jJ \uJuJ

p (Jl*ui-J nayafshdni, thou scatterest not.

JiLj J har naydrad, raiseth

p

p ^ixa-J nayafganl, thou castest not away,

^^iLj naydzdrad, he torments

not.

p (Jjv-j nek p tj^ULj naydzdri, thou afflictestnot, tormentest not, grievest not (rt. ^j'^M\ dzdrdan).

(pi.

^jl^

we^aw), good, beautiful

^2-2j^J <

well; very; very well.

ddsJitan, to treat kindly, to

w^^'

do good.

p /nijj^Ji naydzardam'^ 1 tormented not (here

the
first
\

p /l^l '^r^ nek-anjdm, of happy end.

alif of the root i^<J)j

dzardan has
no).

been changed to ,^ ye after

PCi-<saCj nek-bakht {p\.^^\::JsXLo nek-laldiidn) fortunate, happy.

(J.XJ nek-lakhtl, good fortune.
piLirSywe^-MM'aA(pl.^ljl^j.sr^M7i;-M^aAd)

p Jw;Lj niydzmand, indigent, p sJj^'iLj naydzrnuda, not experienced, p JoLiLj w<7?/asayflc?,isnotrefreRhed (rt. ij^^y^ p ^iJj-;Lj naydsude, he would not rest. p c;:^lj naydft, he found not. A jjLj niydk
(pi.
)

benevolent, well-wisher.

p icSj

tiXy

nek-rafta (pi. (^^><2J^

'^-^

^^^"

of aLiU

ndkat), she-camels.

raftagdn), well-departed; one who, in dying, has left a good name behind him.

bLj niydkan

(ace.)

p /IJ niydm, sheath, scabbard, case. p Jl.^Lj naydmad, came not(rt.

p ij:,^s>-y\^'
^^jXsi^y*]

pjjj t^-^ nek-roz, happy. p ^\sr\ j^ ^^-^ nek-sar-anj'dtn, ending well;

dmadan).
(rt.

^Xl

having a happy issue well furnished.

p

thoroughly provided,

naydmoMt, hath not learned

(^-Ji lilXJ nek-farjdm, of happy end.

dmokhtan).
(rt.

p -si.s'*LLCje^--2aAzar,good-natured,amiable.

^_f J;jLj

naydvardl, thou hast not brought

P >^y*
P

CS^

nek-mard, good man.

j^Jyl dvardan).
p 4_f;j^ naydvarl, thou bringest not. p 00 Lj naydyad, comes not(rt. jjJ^^T dmadan).
V

t^^V* "--^^ nek-mardi, kindness, goodness,

honesty,

p >lj t-^ry nek-ndm, of good report, fair-famed,

p

^JL) naydil, thou comest not

(rt.

^X*T

).

Ly neku

(pi.

j^^J^^ nekuwdn) good

^"''^j

well,

A <UJ w?yfl< (also <UJ niyat), design, purpose, intention

;

p Jj ^ '-^-^ ^^

good and bad.

will-worship.

p i^}j Xjj neku-ravish, moral, well-behaved.

c<p *lj

120

U^^3
name of a city lying midway between Kufah and Basrah on the Tigris,
by Hajjaj bin Yusuf.
pi.

Xj

nehu-num, of good repute, having a

A k-j^j TFdsit,

good name.
p ;_?}^ nehuvl., goodness.
p j^y^-j
neTciiii,

built A.H. 83,

goodness, kindness,
;

A
A

i_jLtflj

wdsif (p

^[La\j wdsifdn), praisers

jJ>.^i nehi,

goodness, virtue
;

good.

describers.
k

p J-J ml, indigo a blue stroke which they are accustomed to draw upon the house-door
of anyone deceased
river Nile.
;

^\ ^

tea Hlub,

and ask thou.

A lii^j wd<^% (ppl.

^^\^ wdcizdn), preacher.

full,

hence, mourning

the

A^ilj wdjlr, abundant, amj)le, exuberant,

plentiful, plenteous.

p *-J nim, half.

p

A
;

(S.xi\j

wdki-.at, accident, incident, occurrence,

^1^^

*-J nim-khwurd,\\dli-ea.iexi

half-drunk.
half-

event; battle, encounter,conflict; catastrophe,

case.

p !i^jy>-

*^
;

nim-Jchwurda, half -eaten;

drunk
(

leavings.

^^\j wdliitjid
alities, events.
<)JtJf^j

(p pl.of

^Ij

M'a^-j^fl^), eventu-

p j *-J nlm-roz, noon, mid-day; the province of Sistan. p

p
-j-j

APiJuJ
A

;dKc.a-(?i(?a, (man) of experience,

*J

L_flilj todkif,
i!|^

apprized, aware, informed,

nim-ser, half-full.

wdld, high, exalted.

ilia,

t_^^

>-J

ntm-shah, midnight.

A p
^r^\jc>-J nayanduJJite,h.e would not throw,

^1

J wa

and

if not,

otherwise.

p J^lj wdldtar, higher.

he would not have thrown

(rt. j^j:x^ljj'l ).

k p ^::-^ri-^Ja-J nayandolcht, (he) gained not, ac-

M\
ii\\

wa

'lluk,

by heaven and (on) his

j^i"^^

k
quired not
(rt. i^'ijs-^jjl

andolihtan).
p ^^j

^ tva dlihi,

oS'spring.

wdm,
'.

debt, loan,

V ^Ju-i-j niyushidan, to listen. p (^-AJ nann,

/^j warn dddan,

to grant a loan, to lend.

made

of reeds

reedy.
p j^Jw'L*

wd

mdjidan, to remain behind, to lag.

p ,<^\j wdrne, a loan.

^ ^ wa

in,

and

if,

although, albeit.

Lv ^ wa
still,

(and sometimes in Persian m), and;

;

yet

for.

A cuo^ J wa anta, and thou. thou A ci-^A^ ^^ J wa in ji^ta, and though

earnest (or comest).

v\^ wa, again, re A

<u31
^

(a prefix).
ilaihi,

^-^y J w* atuhu

and I turn by

re-

p iuJlj

w''

dngdh, and then

and then

pentance unto Him.

A UJ' J
^

wd innamd, and surely, and

wa
innahu, and certainly
;

indeed, and

fj}i\j

wdthik, confiding,

confident,

assured,

only.

positive.

k
due, obligatory, in-

&j\

it (is).

(..-v?-^. wujih, necessary,

*\5>-j

wajd, rapture, ecstacy

;

fervent love.

cumbent; expedient, proper.

A ->^^ wujud, existence

vidual. paJ^=;-j

body, person, indi-

(jf=f-^j wajill (or

^^^^\^_ hi wajihl), neces-

b bu

tivy u(?,notwithstanding.

sary, expedient, proper, deserved.

A j_5w^^j
;

ivujude,
;

an existence. mode, manner, cause, reason

i

A i^S\j

tvddl, valley, vale, dell, dale

pi.

river.

ij>-j

wajh, face

A i>^J^} wdrith (p
inheritor,

^J^J^^

wdrithdn), heir,

supply, means.

jUi

&s>-^

wajhi kafdf,

sufficiency of provisions.

(j;^*\j

wdzhun, inverted, topsy-turvy.

Jo-j wahdat, solitude, singleness, unity.

V c^at^ \jij^i wdzhun-haMt, unfortunate.

{^Jus-^^ toahsh,

wild beast.

L/^=^J

121

^i
icasl,

A iLlws-j ivahshat, fear, dread, horror, sadness,

A J,s.

union

enjoyment of the society

gloom, dumps; dreariness, dismalness; ferocity, savageaess, fierceness; asperity, aversion.

of fi'iends.

<Urfj waslyat, will, testament,

commandment,

jjis-j

wahal, mire, black adhesive clay.

charge.

A S^^% tcahidjSin^G, separated, detached, apart. A

t>ij. ividud, love, affection.

A 'UJi'^ wazifat, allowance of provisions, stipend.

A

LsJ^J.

^flwi-

Pj*^

<L8^1jt

wazifa-lJuoiir, pensioner.

dudihu, for (my) love to her.

A Jl2. wa-.ada, he promised. A ijk. wa^dat, promise,

A clj^ widdi, farewell, adieu, good bye.

p A
(^

agreement, engage-

war,

if;

and

if;

even

if;

although; since-

ment

putting off with a promise, a p isz^

;

'ijj wards-,

beyond, without, besides, except.

;

^Li\jtcazda dddan, to give a promise

off

to

put

A J ,^ ward, rose

leaf or petal of a flower.

with a promise.

P^J>-;jjjt<;a?-zz<?a?j, to practice, cultivate, perform.

A lac. wa-.z, admonition, exhortation, sermon,

homily.
A *li. e<;a/at,

p ^^jj warash (for

if it.

ij^ y^

'^O' c^gftf

ash),

and

performance of promises, payment,

^UTjij

wartat, labyrinth,

maze

precipice,

or

fulfilment; fidelity, good faith,

ap

^jJ
a p

li.

any position which occasions embarrassment.

A

tvdfu kardan, to pay, repay, fulfil.

^jt wurk

(pi.

of

'Ij ! ivarlcui),

brown, dusky-

ilij wafdt, decease, death, demise,

fiJlj

c:,jIj^

coloured (pigeons).
or paper).

Warak, leaf (of a tree

Ap
a single

wafdt ydftan, to

die.

i^jlij icafd-ddr,

keeper of good faith.

^jj

warake, one

leaf,

It-af.

AP
and
if

c-f^^^lij wafd-ddri,

keeping of good

faith.

V ijj%

warna

(for iJ

^\ ^

wa agar

na),

A
A

jjlij icafds-e, good faith.

not, otherwise.

^j

wafk, congruity, proportion.

pa^^^.j

A ojj ward! , men, mortals,

p

J^

waz

(for

;\

via a%),

and from.

har wafk, in accordance, in conformity, agreeably to.

'l^j^

wuzarat

(pi. of

JJj wa%ir), viziers, mi-

A /jj wafa\ he paid.

jJj

JkXj

ji izd

wa^ada

nisters of state.

wafa\ when he has promised, he

A
state, vizier.
iL>.lJI.

fulfils.

^Jj

wazn, -weight.

wakdhat, impudence, shamelessness,

A jJjj wazlr, minister of

effrontery, brazenness.
A^iljjj

A u^rljj

tvazlrl,

rank of

vizier, premiership.

wakdr, majesty, dignity, gravity, sedate-

A <U-.^ icus^at, largeness, amplitude, space.

p <U-i^ uasma, leaves of woad, or the indigo

ness.

A e:-^j wakt, time, hour, season, occasion.

A ^;ii^ waktha (p
pi.

plant used in dyeing.

of a e:^jj wakt), times,

<i-L~;. wasllat,

means, medium, intervention;

A

many

times

ever and anon.

whatever wins or conciliates the favour of a

prince or great

ji, tcakte,

a certain time or occasion, ouce

;

man

(as a gift or merit).

"upon a time
time
A
;

some day or other

at

the

*-~jj n-aslm,

marked between the shoulders by

size of a pigeon's egg, as all

at one time, at another time.

a hairy

wen of the

JJ

wa

kad,

and

verily.

the prophets had been,

Muhammad

is

be-

A t_iii tvakf, religious legacy, charitable bequest.

i-_J!.

lieved to have been the last so distinguished;

beautiful.

^Jt* mdli wakf, property so be-

queathed.

JU?^
t_ii-sj

wisal, meeting, conjunction, interview,

object.

A <-Jyj wukuf, experience, knowledge, information, inkling, scent,

a p
(.t^^V.
i

enjoyment of any beloved

A

i^* wu-

wasf, description, praise.

kuf ydftan,

to get

knowledge, scent or wiud.

16

J^
;
;

122
p

>
vai, he,

A J-j^j wahll, set over holder of a charge president, commissioner, trustee; attorney.
V

o3

him

of him, his

her.

^^ j\

a% vai, from him. p

\j i_Sj
i''(ii

^^^
^
'ii^

wagarna, and
Id,

if not,

otherwise.

fd, to

him

him

his.

A.'i

wa

and not, neither.

(pi.

p (jI^Ij werdn, desolate, waste, depopulated,

p (jJ^ win (for 1^1 J

wuldt

of

^\^

wall), governors, pre-

wa

!w),

and

this.

sidents, prefects.

A A

I Si
<Jj

wilddat, birth, procreation. wildyat, country, territory

; ;

^j

a foreign

country

Europe
if

(so called in India).

jJj waladahu, (ace.) his son.

K A

hu (and sometimes
;

hi),

him,

it;

of him;

A A

iXl^

v)alad, son.

his
ls>

its

(an affixed pronoun).

;

hd, her

them, their (affixed pronoun).

guide, leader, director,

^j

wahij eager

desire.

^Sjb
^fJ^J^

Jiddi,

u jIj5>

A i^^aj aJ ^ tpa la nuzlkannahum, and verily

will

we
A

hddiyan, (ace.)

make them

taste

(emphatic aorist of

jj'ji azdka, 4th form of the root jjl J %dka,

concave J wdw, with the pron.

&

7M/w,them).

A Ji ^ wa

lau,

and

if,

and though.
A

jj_M^ Hdrun arrashld, Harun the Guide (or Guided aright), the fifth Caliph of the house of Abbas he began his brilliant reign a.h. 170, and died at Tus, a.h. 193.
;

K ^\

^ ^ wa

lau inna,

and

if in truth.

(o^^
is

Sdmdti, name of the favourite of

;

Ahasuerus, and the enemy of the Jews

he

A ^^^ wuluj,
p

ingress, entrance.

represented in the Kur'an as vizier to

^^

wale, but, however.

Pharaoh.

A /Jj wally, holy man, saint.

A
not
;

j^lfc

hdn, have a care

hds.il, terrible,

let it

not be

A ^la>

horrible, dreadful.

jjug-J

wa

laisa,

and there

is

and

not.

S^

A ^-'v^ hubub, furious blowing of the wind,

gale, fresh or

J^ wall

iM,hd,

heir-apparent.

smart breeze.

p uJ^Jj
p (^XJ^

wa wa

lek,

but.

A
however.

i r.s^ hijrat,

the flight of

Muhammad

from

lekin, but,

Mecca
caliph

to

Madina which occurred on the 16th

ordered to be considered as
aera.

of July, A.D. 622, and in the reign of the

Ap

L::,.^/jt)

|Jj wall ni^at, benefactor.

is.

Omar was

a\^ ^ wa md, and whatever

A iUA^r^

the
<?

Muharamadan

y^

iM\ (U_s (Ji^,

(j.^ ^

maw ya^aand whoso

him.

A t_iAi> hadaf, butt or mark for archers, target.

A.

wakkal

^ala" Hluhi fahwa hasbuhu,

ia

^_jS& hady, cattle carried to

crificed.

Mecca

to be sa-

trusteth in God, (He)

sufficient for

^sT J wa
banners
!

nahnu, and we.

Aijjjfe hadlyat, offering, gift, present (especially

A (S^^\

j^ J
!

wa nasara a^dmahu, and

alas

aid his

one offered to superiors).

A
^jwji)

Aasa, this.

.IjJuJl \jji hd%d

'I

mikddr,

A
A

*j

wuh, ah

this quantity.
!

T Jb har, every,
t_-'uiij

all,

each.

wahhub, great and bounteous giver.

p
i^jj^jib

hirds, terror, fear, dread.

<__;ljbl^

aZ

wahhub, the Giver,

i.e.

God.

p j^Ju--i|ji hirdsldan, to fear, stand in awe, be

in dread
; ;

fjjb
jfibj

vm

hal,

and how

to terrify.

wahm, surmise,
anxiety
;

suspicion, apprehension

^U& har

dn, every.
ki,

fear,

mind, imagination.

p <JioLa> har dn

every one who, whosoever.

<U-j|
JJ*

A yi)

wahuwa

(to be pronounced wflAM'),andhe.

V icj\ ji> har dyina (or

har dnna),

'Jb

123

Ujb

doubtless, undoubtedly, assuredly, positively;

A ^J\Sb hazl, jest.

by

all

means, at

all events.

p c: -^*" ^ hast, F
p
*:i**J!>

is.

p j<>jlb har bar, every time, each time. p i^

p

hastain, I
>

am;

I was.

^->* har jd

Tci,

everyplace that, wherever,

Su'MMi
|<2.**JS(

hastand, they are.

;

Si^Jb

harchand, although,

hasti, existence, entity

wealth, riches,

p iks>-Jb harchi, all that, every thing that, what.

"

property, possessions.

p (*>^j^ har dam, each moment, every instant.

Pjjyj) har da, both,

dast,

tii^^^jj^j -^^ ha har

du

p ^Ji*^ hush, intelligence. |^:i-ilj fJltJb hush ddshtan, to have a care, to mind, take heed, p o^viJfe hasht, eight. p p
*i-iJi>

with both the two hands,

p Jjij jii har roz, every day, daily. yi i\Jb harza-ffu, babbler, idle talker.

hashtum, eighth,
hishtan, to leave, quit.

^^j:JiJb
.V <*.,.&

p
p

^^

i \jSb

har%a-guH, a prater, a chatterbox

all sides,

p j\

hush ddr, be careful

have your wits

y^j^

har su, on

everywhere.

about you
p jUAa hush-gar, shrewd, sensible, intelligent,
rational,

p ^^^^.Sb har shab, every night. p

^
i^iJi,

r*

har kuju, everywhere; wheresoever,

p

wherever.

l::-^

haft, seven,

tS^
p p

Jb

har kird, whomsoever, to whomsoever.

ki,

jLia
I

haftdd, seventy.
haft-rang, seven -coloured,
;

har

whosoever.
i^ i^Jb

p
p

t^^ ci^i>
ajUsiiAib

i\^ji>

har gdh, every time, whenever,

ki,

haftgdna, in sevens

seven.

har guh
p p

every time that, whensoever.

*X8Jb haftum, seventh,

jS^
iCiJb

hargiz, ever, at

any time.

p icsJb hafta, week, seven days.

har gah, every time, whenever.

ki,

A Jji
A

hal,

perhaps ? does there ?

is
;

there

p i^ i^jb har gah

soever.

every time, that, when-

cJli

haldk, perishing, ruin

destruction

slaughter, of Noshlravan,

death.

A p

vyJb Hurmuz, son

appearing at
all

surnamed

kJ

Cji>:

haldk

shidaii, to be lost, to perish.

-^^Lb haldkat,

Tajdar, the Cro^vn- wearer, from his habit of

thy destruction.

times with the crown on his

head, while his predecessors assumed that

A f\hb Midi,
hildl,

name

of a tribe.

JiL:^

^J

banl

mark of
justice, or
first

royalty only

when

administering

sons of Hilal.

on special occasions.

He was
fall

at

A tliXa> halaka, (he) perished.

a mild prince, but before his

became

A o-^^J-a halakta, thou hast perished,

p (^JuIa hilidan, to neglect, abandon, let alone,

cruel and vindictive.

\ji,y^

hurairat (dim. of ijb hirrat), a

little

cat,

a kitten.

dismiss,

j^^i*^

ri

furo htllddn, to drive

^^,j^

^or yake, every single one, each one.

p

down, expel,
aJS>

ham,

also, too, even,

likewise

moreover

p^Ua

hazdr, thousand.

together.

p jlj iha> ha%dr bar, a thousand times.

p
\i

A *A

hum

(or htm), they,

them (masc).

j^yb hazdr-pd, millepede, scolopendra.

jf&

hamm,

grief, care, solicitude.

p ij\j J\yb hazdr ddna, a thousand beads.

p l^ hujnd (or

^\^

humdi), phoenix, bird of

l:: -jjJjha hazdr-dost,

having a thousand

admirers.
\jiyt> hizbar (p pi. ^\;:}'^ hizbardn), lion.

happy omen, which never touches the ground; it is imagined that whoever is overshadowed by it becomes a king.

Uj&

124

\yi>

A l^ humu (or hmd), both of them (masc).

r ^^{^ hamun, always, all the same, thus, exactly so, same, self-same.

^.
p
as

ham-nishln (or o^amAx^ ham-nishast)

sits

one

who

with another, companion.

everything.

&^ hama, all, every one, the whole,

p Ult*

hamanu, certainly, assuredly; again,

v\s^ &^ hama jd, everywhere,

i^::-^'

all places.

6^

before; alike; immediately.

ki,

i^\j\^hamdnu
p p
1

\^ hama jd
rd, to

ast, is
all.

everywhere.

at the same time that, even supposing

4^ hama

that; although.

p ij jjl^ hamdn-lih, always better.

^^

haml, a redundant particle prefixed to

Persian tenses, especially to the present and

p 1^^;^ A?<id/uw, august, royal, imperial; fortunate, happy. A

<Uoi>

imperfect,
p

*j\S^ haml

duram, I have,

himmat, resolution,

spirit,
;

magnanimity,
p jjijj*-^ hami.dun,XiOVf; always; in this manner, p <U1l--^ hamesha, always, invariably. p

courage, largeness of soul

mind, attention,
auspices, favour,

endeavour, care, thought

grace, blessing,

a p ^:.^\^s>- L::^'J^ himmat

^j^

hamin, only; merely this (or these)

the

Jihwusfan, to ask a blessing.

same, neither more nor less; in the same

still,

(o^^
in that

hamclmnun,

all

the while,

yet,

manner.
A p XJi) Hind, India. p
(\:jj>

manner, thus, in like manner, in the

same manner.
p f^j^sy hamchunln, in this manner; likewise.

hindu, a Hindoo.
the country
of the

p ^^c^tSuib Rindustdn,

js*^

hamchu,
as.

like,

such

as,

even

as, all

the p

Hindu

people, Hindostan.
hinduie, a certain Hindoo.

same

(^.JO

r i^^ys^ ham-ldiwuha, bed-fellow, spouse,

p i^X>Jb Hindi, Indian.

p
J.i)

i^^

Hamadan, name

of a

town

of Persia,

hunar,

skill, science,

ingenuity, art, tact,

the province of Iraki Ajami.

knack; virtue, mei it, excellence, accomplishments.

p Jl:.^-J^

pJiJ

*Jb 7iam-<?flr(?,fellow-suffcrer,sympathetic.

p lJ^^"^

(^

ham

darde, a fellow-sufferer.

hunarmand

(or

...ijb

hunarwar),

skil-

p aJl^ ham-dam, (breathing together) intimate

ful, scientific.

companion or
p i^\j>^ v^

friend.

p ^[^ji^Ib hunar-numdi, merit-displaying. p

ham-dawun, running together.

i^jtJ^ hunarwari, eminence

science.

in art, skill, or

V i\j^ ham-ruh, fellow-traveller; along with, in company with. p i-^ ham-rah, fellow-traveller. p
<);jU**^

p Cjiy^ hunare, a single merit, a solitary virtue or excellence. p

*lxiJfc

ham-suya,

(same shade) neighbour.

a poor

hangdm, time, hour, season, moment.

^J1jJ_^j^ tULu.^ ham-suyas-e daricesh,

p L::_^ix:Ji hanguft, thick, dense, coarse, stout

cloth of a firm texture.

neighbour.
V jjj^ ham-sar, (same head), equal, associate; spouse.

A Jyjs hunud

(pi. of J^x* hind),

still,

Indians.

PA

j^jl^t^
side

ham-^ndn, (with equal

side
;

reins), rider

p J):J^ hanoz, yet,

hitherto.

by

companion, friend,

A ^yo^

hanii^,

agreeable, wholesome, pleasant,

p A Jiii^/<jw-^*<:?rtm (fellow-stepping), companion,

light,

easy of digestion.
;

p A ^JJJii jjb ham-kafas, cage-fellow. p

Ay^ huwa, he

He

is

(a

name

of God).

^^^^ ham-kun
labourei",

ham-kundn), fellow^J^:-^ fellow-worker, companion,

(pi.
all
;

A*li> hatfdt, air,

atmosphere, the space between

;

heaven and earth

anything empty,

a p

^^

p jo^-^*^

hamgindn,

company

equals.

^ik-v hawd pukhfan,

to concoct a vain fancy.

! ;

\^
fjM^ ^
A p
ii.::..wy

125
A

lyS)

hawa wa hawas, concupiscence,

indulgence.
haicd-parast, sensualist.

l^Jb

haikale, a figure

such a form

lust, sensuality, sensual

A ^^lyyii haiyuldniy, material.

\^
^

Ap

^^ J

A
^t^*^ haudaj), camelTiawddijaha, in ih.eiv

luI^^

haihat, begone

away

beware

A hatcd-paraste, a sensualist.
(pi. of

A ^jlys hawudij
litters.

^,:>-jL&

^ ft

litters.

A
hawdyash, the air of
it,

t_> !,

me,

my

(aflSx.

pron. added to nouns),

A p fjljj\^

its climate.

p u yd, or, either.

^^J\y& hawd^e, a
PjJi> hor,

new

conceit, a fresh

whim.

L;

yd,

(governs the nom. or accus.)

the sun.
lust,

p ^-^V.

V"'^'

^^^ (imperat. of j^^V.

V^ftc^'i^)

>

A {jM^ hawas, desire,

AP

concupiscence.

(in

comp.) finding, obtaining.

Ij

i^V u^y*

hawas-hdze, a voluptuary.
desire, a lust, a sen-

A AiJ

yd hinaiya\

my

darling boy

jc-=yi>

whim, a "sual scheme, some new

hawase, a

p <Ju ydd, memory, remembrance, recollection.

j^Jk-^1

caprice.

j!\\yud dmadan, to

come

into

memory,

p 1^''^ hosh, understanding, sense, judgment,

prudence, intelligence; shrewdness.
i^,:;-i>\j

to recur to one's recollection.

|^*^^T jli
^J:Ji^<^

ydd

^Vi>

dvardan, to call to remembrance.

jb

hosh ddshtan, to heed, mind, pay at-

ydd

ddshtan, to remember, recollect.

(pi.

tention, be careful.

V j\i ydr
ciate,

lb ydrd7i), helper, ally

;

asso-

p JJw+wlyi hoshmand, intelligent, sensible, sagacious; cautious, wary.

companion, comrade

lover (occurring
shahr-ydr,

in certain words such as

jL-i)yi> hosh-ydr,

jb -^^

p ^X-AJ^%i> hoshmandl, intelligence, sagacity. p

.LJiJi)

and a few others).

<J^J^.

hosh-rjdr,

sensible,

endued with a

p \^b yard, power; boldness, courage.

sound understanding.
A Jyi> haul, terror, di'cad; horrible. A p

^b.ii ydrdyi-guftdr, boldness of speech, daring

to talk.
;

cJU!y& haulndh,

terrible,

dreadful

dan-

A
p

<

>j

b yd

rahh,

Lord
;

gerous, perilous.

^ lb
U^
J
V.

ydri, fi'iendship

aid, help, assistance

p
A

JJ

jA huicaidd, clear, evident, conspicuous.

hais-at, face, aspect,

fellowship, companionship.

Ydre, a friend;
lover.

i Ljj>

appearance

exte-

a lover

a fresh lover, a

new

rior form, guise.

I

^
;

y^^^y despair.

<U-Jb haihat,

fear

respect, reverence,

awe

p
'

(^-;b ydsmin, jasmine.

^.^'>-b

awfulness, gravity, niiijesty, dignity.

ydsmin-bu, sweet-scented as the

,j^-*-:b

,^^Jb hech,

at

all,

anything, aught, some, any.

jasmine, ^ty
j

ydsmin-hun, (thou) art

p c:_-vsaj& hechat,

any

to thee.

as sweet as the jasmine.

'

r ^.*Jlsi:jb Jiech has, a person of

nothing worth,
i

(.t^iib

ydftan, to find, obtain, gain, get, attain,

nonentity of a person.
p A ^<^j p J-^_,

experience.

^^

hech wakte, at

any time,

ever,

p ,c^b ydfte, he had found or obtained. ^ ^/b"^

**^V.

-iva>

hech yak, anyone,

'

yfifa-dardi, idle talker.

li 'I

p *J-Ji hetam, wood, timber, stick, firewood.

p ^JL^
fuel
;

A A
I

^.^.cs:*^
ci-'-j

b yd

^ajal,

wonderful! strange!
!

J-J^ hezam-kash, a carrier of faggots for

I*

b yd

laita,

Oh I wish

Oh would that
'I

breedbate, mischief-maker.

A ^^Ls^^ jjuot^ b yd matsharu

khulldn,

as-

A J^Cj!) haikal, figure, image, stature, shape.

sembly of friends!

friendly circle!

rV.

126

i^ya</),

A A

1^

\j

yd man,

thou

who

Jkj

both hands.

<U

Jo ^j-j

Jrt<"fl

yadaihi,

_)l yani^, ripe,

mature. _3u -4^^ at tamr

between his hands, meaning, in his presence

or before his face.

ydni^, the dates ripe.

t_jijV. y*^'*^^> aid.

rfffn,

(j;*^ t-^^V.

y^^^^

^^^"

A J yara, he sees (gezmate of

the
Ti.^_s\J ra^a').
!

^j yara\ aor. of
<^

to befriend, help, aid, assist.

yahtiishu,

u4j

Ijv J^

lamyaraha

(jikla-j

he waxes strong, becomes

rt.

yauman, ah
A
tj-'i^j^,

he has not seen her any day.

violent (aor. of the

{J^_
is

).

j^^V

lA'^t^!
flight.

yurdfiku, he travels in
;

company with,
(aor.

yahtushu hPlfirar, he will be valiant in

he accompanies

he helps, he affords aid

rt.

A ij-llsl) yataMxishami, he
or physically), aor.

rough (morally

of fj.i\j rdfaka, 3rd form of the

fjij)-

of ^jJj,\sr takhdshana,
. t'l-'iO

jJiijj yurdfikuni, accompanies me.

6th form of the

rt.

J*-

<

A (^*xp-v yarja^na, they return or

(aor. of the rt. _:>-j).

will return

'f^J^,

yatarashshahu, exudes or exudates (aor.

tarashshaha, 5th form of the
;

of

^Ji

rt.

f^j)-

j-V
j-jj

yarfa-ju, (he) raises (aor. of the rt. j-i

fj*tJi laisa

i).

A u_cl?i::j yatalutafu, he is smooth

he becomes
i_al?ib"

yarfa-ju,

he raises not.

courteous, gentle, and gracious (aor. of

talutafa, 6th

A ^iv y<ira\ (a contraction of

of the
rt.

t/V

yarta\

aor.

form of the

rt.

e-iLJ ).

^\j

ra^cC),

he

sees,

he looks on.
(aor. of

A J^yiJ

yatawakkalu,\xxxsi?,,Te\ies, confides (aor.

rt. ij.>j).

A JL yazulu, departs, declines, decays

the
rt.

of (Ji jJ tawahkala, 5th form of the

ly^j zdla,

concave j wdw).
is

*-:l)

yatlm, orphan, pupil, ward

unique, rare,

^Jir.*>..t

yastakimu,

correct, right, proper,

incomparable.
pearl.

(>fH.j'^ durri yatlm, a rare

just, consistent, or equitable; stands,

(aor. of /lib-jl istakdma,

remains
rt.

10th form of the

k ^^^_yajlu, he makes clear

(aor. of the rt.

(it)

becomes clear
A
(aor. of
I

*li, concave

wdw).
by the
particle

\^

defective j iodic).

-wj yusran (ace. governed

inna), ease, facility.

^i

^_^^aEC yiihibbu,
c_-.%-w^

he loves or befriends

ahabba, 4th form of the

rt. *.-%-).

j--wJ

yasa-ju, is large,

ample

holds, contains

A c.l^A2sr yuhaddithu, converses, discourses (aor.

of i-iJ Jo- ^rt(?(?fl^/j,

is

able or equal to (aor. of the root j:^)jjt*AU

2ud form of the rt. tl.; J*^>- )

A
,

yasa-jum, equals

me; can hold me.

^ijAasT yuhaddithuni, he will converse with

tfi**^;

yaski, he presents liquor (aor. of the

saka" , a defective verb).
is safe,

me, he discourses with me.

J-4^ yahmilu,
,J,^.w).

bears, carries (aor. of the

(it)

verb
rt.

(<ii-5

(Jj3.^^ yahmiluka,
St.

will support

J-*J

yaslamu, he

he escapes
Idiso,

(aor. of
is

thee.

the
,

rt. (i~')-

(^^. u**^

yaslamu, he

A ^.>ar; Yahja\ John

p

John the

Baptist,

not safe.

J^ yakh,

ice.

j-:^u*j yxisighu,

allows to flow gently

down

the

p Ai**j ^yakh-basta, ice-bound, frozen.

throat; hence, allays, quenches (aor. of vLjI

A Jo yad, the hand.

iJ-s-j

-V,

yadi sufld , the

asd gh a. 4th form of the verb iLs, concave j).

JL'o.^M.t

lower or inferior hand, the hand that receives.

ynslghichu, quenches

it.

Lie

Jkj

yadi ^lya\ the upper or

superior hand, the

hand that
j_j^Jo

gives.

A J^~2;; yasulu, attacks, makes an assault (aor. of the verb JL? sdla, concave ^ icdtc). J^-^sJ
LiisJ yasulu hatshan, will attack furiously.

^jJ J^.

yadaini (obi. of

yaddni, dual of

>.
kw^JiU^ ^Is-

127

cW
name
of a celebrated athlete.

^}y^\ yasulu

cala' I Icalhi, will

p i.b C-xj ya iara, wholly, entirely, p (^l:X) yaktush,

rush upon the dog.

A iaj yatir (gezmate of -iaj yattru, aor. of the

^^i^

yak-dil, single-hearted, faithful, sincere,

verb jlL tara, he

fled,

he flew, concave

^\

p ( J^. yak dam, one instant, one moment,

p
<ii

(tfilaj yutfitu,

he extinguishes or quenches
form of the
or shall
rt.

('^, y^ dam

ki,

the

moment

that.

(aor. of

ULl

fl^/ajfl!,4th

y^).
(aor.

p ijjk^ yak-digar {ox

another.

^^^

yak-digar), one

A *ixj

yadamu, he knoweth
).

know

of the verb Jlc

A i<^,

y^c^wf ,
)
;

he means ;

it signifies (aor.

of the

p i^Vj^. yak-zahun, of one tongue, speaking the same thing, univocal, unanimous, p ^l**0 yak-sdn, same,
ditto, alike, equal.

rt.^ii
A

hence, videlicet, that is to say, to wit.

^*J
rt.

yughlalcu, will be shut (aor. pass, of the

A c_^*u^_ yaksihu,
root

gains, acquires (aor. of the

jU).
name
a city in Turkistan, celebrated for the
its

^^*u^

).

V L*x) ya gh md, prey, booty, spoil, plunder j of

p M*X) yfl^ SM, one side, aside.

u^^J y^,
jjO

yak su nihddan,

to lay aside.
(aor. of the rt.

beauty of

inhabitants.

A (^^^. yakunu, becomes

kuna, concave

Pj^U^; yaghmun, native

A
^_^^,

of the city of Yaghma.

wdw, governing the

accus.).

yughnl, enables to do without and to

;

jJo
one,

yaki, unity, oneness.

Yake, one, a single

dispense with
(aor. of

renders independent or rich

rt.

any one, a certain one, an individual;

Jjj

i<^^ aghna\ 4th form of the

^ii ).

the one.
day.

^ij

yake roz, one day, some

^JC enable

C^J ^^. yughmhizdlika ^aw, that will

him
to dispense with.
lie,

p <Ul>j ya^awa (originally

one,
sole,

^^ lL>^_ yak guna),

unequalled;

single;

unrivalled,

A tj^/^i ya/tari, he invents a

(aor.

charges falsely

phoenix.

of^5^!
yukalu,
rt.

iffara',
is said,

Sth form of the rt.^c^).

will be said (aor. pass.

A ^j^iA^.
heed

yaltajifna,

they pay attention, they give

lib

(aor. fem. 8th

form of the

rt.

c:^

).

of the

Jli, concave j wdw).

A (Jsi.. yalhaku, adheres

to, reaches,

overtakes

A ^y-Jb yalcbilu, they accept (gezmate of

^^^,
A

(aor. of the verb

^j^).

^jJi^-- yalhakunl,

yakhiluna, aor. of the

rt.

J-J

).

adheres to me.

A (j-ij yakln, certain, sure, true.

p lLX; yak, one
three aces.
;

uL

yalmizu, defames, calumniates, accuses,

rt.

an ace.

uJo

a;^ sih yak,

reproaches (aor. of the

A

u]

).

<jUj yamani, produced

in

Yam an.
make a Magian,

CXi ya^M
mated
/flw

(a contraction of

^^

yakun, gez-

A j.L^sT*:'. yumajjisdni, they

aorist of the rt. ^l^), as f^-*ijo

it

JjO J
not.
it

they heathenize (aor. du. of ^^/-*s^ majjasa,

a root coined from the word ij*>ys:^ majus,

yaXw yanfaiuhum,
it

availed
little
;

them

A jlC) yakudu,

wants but

sometimes

Magi,
is pleonastic, as in

fire- worshipper).

cJjLu.sr*:'.

yumajji-

the phrase <U-uj

jUj

i!

ta

yakudu yusighuhu, (he) does not allay quench) it.

p ^J^, iJ^. yO'kan yakun, one by one.

sunihi, they (both) (or

make him

a heathen.

A
A

-j

yamurru, he passes by

(aor. of the

vb.^).
(aor.

lUX^j
or

yamliku, he possesses, he

owns
is

P^V^. yak bar, one time, once, one day, some

day.

of the rt

CXL).

Tumlaku, he

possessed

owned

(aor. pass, of the

same verb).

128

u^.

^^^4J

i/H)iin,

felicity,

prosperity, good luck,

A ^^; yaum, day. <LLaJ\ AyiycmmuHkiydnud,

I

blessing, auspices.
side
;

Yaman, right hand or

Felix.

the day of resurrection.

Yaman, Arabia
;

A U^; yauman,
or side,

(ace. oi *>^
;

yawn), one day, any

;

A ^j^^ yamln, oath

uLsi/*]!

right

hand

^^j^,
of the

day, some day

(adverbially) once
;

ever.

yaminu

'I

mulk, right

arm

A ^'iyi^ Yundn, Ionia

the ancient Greeks until

;

kingdom

(a style, title, or proper

name).

subjugated by
nation
A (j^^,
is

Rome

A j^lyAUj yunassiruni, they make a Nazarene,

they Christianize
(aor.

called

which the Greek by Oriental writers Rum!.

after

dual of -aj nassara,

Yunas, the Prophet Jonah, of

is

whom

a root coined from the word

nly, Nazarene).
{i.e.

^JL^

nasrd-

repeated mention

made

in

the Kur'au.

One

of

its

chapters bears his name.

is

^\j.-^^ yunassirdnihi, they

A i^,x^^\ yahtadl, he
the right

guided aright, he finds

(_5^JsiJb^

both parents) make him a Christian.

yanfa^i, availeth, profiteth (aor. of the
).

way

(aor. of

ihtada', 8th

%-scj^
rt.

form of the root i^JJ^ hada\ defective vb.).

A

^_&J

Ll-NiiJ yanfaoiha,

will profit

A^^ yahuddu, he (or

it)

shakes to the ground,

JiJi

thee, availeth thee.

or demolishes (aor. of the verb

<yj(y'(h

hadda).

A ^f^^J y"*%/i/"> ^^ kindles (aor. of -^^^

t-f^Xi^V.

y^^^>'<^(^\

is

directed (pass. aor. of the

2nd form

of the rt. -.\

).

verb
lynx, ounce (by the

i_$Sib hada",
}!

he guided).

p Jy poets said to have a partiality for cheese).

yu%, panther, pard,

A i^X^^^

t_> J^/^. yuhda^ bihi wahwa Id J yahtadl, (mankind) is guided by him, but he
i
<Jj

^__c..^4j

Yusuf, the patriarch Joseph, son of

Jacob, remarkable for his beauty.

is

Mention
A

made

of

him

does not find the right way himself. If it is read yahdl bihi, it will signify " he guides (others) by it;" that is, by the torch.
i^^<^y-\rJ^

in several passages of the

Zur'an, but especially in the chapter which

bears his name.

yuhauwiddni, they make a Jew, they

judaize (aor. du. of JyA hamvada, 2nd form of

the verb jli hdda, concave j wdw).
<io\j.^j

ic^V

yusuf I, Joseph-like, comely as Joseph.

will be

^ V yuzahu,

made

evident, or is ren-

yuhauwiddnihi, they make him a Jew.

dered clear (aor. pass, of

^^\

aw%aha, 4th

A LJ^y\^, yahudly, Jew, Jewish, Judaical. A ^/JJ

yas-isa,

form of the verb

A jJ^ yuladu, he
jjj walada).
is

he despaired (when used in a

f^^)born (aor.

general sense and without reference to any

pass, of the root
specific time, the preterite

may

frequently be

translated

by the

present), he dcspaireth.

ralNTKU BV STEPHEN AUSTIN, HEaTFUKO.

APPENDIX

A.

BEING A LITERAL TRANSLATION OF ALL THE ARABIC

PASSAGES OCCURRING IN THE GULISTAN.
[the classes here referred to are those mentioned at the end of the preface].

Page

2, line 6.
!

Class 1.

Kiir'an,

Sura xxxir. verse 12, "Saba."

Work,

family of David

with thanksgiving.

But few of

my

servants are the thankful.

Page
Intercessor obeyed,

3, line 11.

Class 4.
portly,

generous
by

prophet,

prophetic seal.

Page

3, line 16.

comely, Class
He

smiling, marked

with the

4.

He

attained elevation

his perfection.

unveiled the darkness by his beauty.

Fair are

all his qualities

Invoke ye blessings on him and on his fumily.

Page

3, line 20.

Class 2.

My
me.

angels

verily I

am ashamed by
Page

reason of

My

servant, and he hath no

Lord beside

Therefore have I pardoned him.

4, line 3.

to

Class 3.
to

"We have not worshipped Thee as Thou oughtest

be worshipped.

Page

4, line 4.

Class 3.

We

have not known Thee as Thou deservest

be known.
4.

Page

4, line 21.

Class

The shadow

of

God on His

earth

the Lord of the earth be satisfied with

5, line 2.

him

Page

Class

3.

Men

follow the religion of their kings.

Page

5, line 10.

Class

3.

God

confer happiness on the

Mussulmans by the length

of his

life,

and double the

reward of his goodness and actions

fair,

and exalt the rank of his friends and governors, and

is

hurl destruction on his foes and haters, according to what

written in the verses of the

:

Kur'an.

God
is

give security to his country and protect his son

;

The world

happy by him

may

his happiness endure

And may

the Lord strengthen

him with
root
;

the banners of victory.

Thus may grow a

stately palm-tree

whereof he

is

the

for the excellence of a plant of the earth arises

from the goodness of the seed.

17

130
Page

APPENDIX
8, line 20.

A,

Class 4.

garden, the water of whose river was a limpid stream.

grove, the warbling of

whoso birds was measured cadence.

Page
9, line 10.

Class

4.

The generous man when he has promised,

Page
9, line

pays.

15.^- Class

4.

The aided from heaven, victorious over his enemies, arm of the conquering dynasty, lamp of the excellent religion, beauty of mankind, glory of Islam, Sa'd son of the greatest
Atabek, the proudest king of kings, possessor of the necks of peoples, lord of the kings of

Arabs and Persians, sovereign of land and

sea, heir of
;

the throne of Solomon, Muzaifuru 'd

dunya wa

'd din,

Abu bakr

bin Sa'd bin Zang!

may God Most High

perpetuate the pros-

perity of both, and

make every good

their final portion

10, line 7.

Puge

Class

4.

Shelter of the poor, refuge of strangers, patron of the learned,

friend of the pious,

succour of Islam and Mussulmans, pillar of kings and sultans,

Abu bakr

bin Abl nasr,

may

God lengthen
reward

his

life,

and make glorious his dignity, and expand his heart and double his

Page

11, line 21.

Class

4.

Make

preparation for going out before entering.

Page

13, line 8.

Class
:

4.

When
Page

man

despairs, his tongue

1.

grows long
Sura

as a cat vanquished rushes at the dog.

13, line 12.

Class Kur'an,
Page

iii.

verse 128,

"The Family

of Irarau."

And who

master their anger, and forgive others.

14, line 20.

And God
3.

loveth the doers of good.

Class
Class
;

The sheep

is clean,

and the elephant carrion.

Page

14, line 21.

is

4.
it is

The

least of the

mountains of the earth

Sinai

but with God

truly the greatest

iu dignity and rank.

Page

18, line 2.

Class 2.
:

None is born but what is born witli him a Jew, or a Christian or a Magian.
Page

a disposition to Islam

afterwards his parents

make

18, line 15.

Class

4.
;

Thou

hast been fed with our milk, and hast

grown up amongst us

who

then informed

thee that thou art the son of a wolf?

When

the disposition

is

a disposition to evil, the instruction of the teacher

is

of no avail.

Page 26,

line 14.

Class

4.
;

When the armed

warrior

is

well fed he will attack with ardour

whilst the empty-bellied

will be ardent in flight.

Page 29,

line

22. Class

4.
!

Up

be not grieved,

bi'other of affliction

For the Merciful One hath

secret favours (in store).

APPENDIX
Page 38,
line

A.

131
verso 202,

2. Class 1. Kur'an, Sura

Page 39,

ii.

"The Cow."

The pride

of sin scizeth him.

line 12.

Class
his
xli.

4.

I taught

him archery every day

line 14.
1.

but when

arm waxed

strong, he shot me.

Page 43,

Class Kur'un,
it is for

Sura

verse 46,

"The Made

Plain."

He who
Do

doeth right,

himself

and he who doeth

line 15.

evil, it is

against himself.

Page 47,
thou unto

Class
;

4.

mc whatever

is

worthy of Thee
Page 49,
line 3.

but do not unto us what

4.

wo

deserve.

Class
work

If I

may

not be a rider of the beasts, I

Avill

for

you as a

carrier of the saddle-

coverings.

Page 49,
Safety
(is)

line 21.

Class 4.

in solitude.

Page 51,

line 8.

Class 4.
qualities.

Thou
This

hast done
is

harm enough, who enumeratest my good

:

my

external appearance

but

my

inward part thou hast not known.

2.

Page 52,
I

line 1.

Class
Class

have with God moments when neither angel near the throne, nor prophet

sent, could

contain me.

Page 52,

line 3.

3.

The

visions of the just (alternate)

between effulgence and withdrawraent.

line 6.

Page 52,
I gaze on

Class 4.

him whom I love without an intervening medium, And there befals me a condition in which I lose my way. He kindles a fire, and afterwards extinguishes it by his sprinkling. For that reason thou seest mc consumed and drowned.
Page 52,
line 18.

Class Kur'an,
1.

Sura

1.

verse 15, "Kaf."

And we

are closer to

him than

his neck-vein.
line 2.

Page 54,

Class

3.

religious bequest hath

no owner.

Page 56,
"We are roused up
singer, if
at the

line 22.

Class

4.
:

sound of the songs through their sweetness

but thou art a

thou kecpcst silence,

we

find

them sweetest.

(Some

copies read latlhu,

Thou

art

sweet.

Page 59,
Certainly I

line 10.

Class
my

4.

am

concealed from the eye of

my

neighbours

But God knoweth

my

secret

and

outward conduct.

Page

61, line 4.

Class 4.

And

at the

blowing of the fresh breezes over the pasture, the branches of the tamarisk

bend, but not the hard rock.

i^:

132
Page
61, line

APPENDIX

A.
xciv. verse 6,

20. Class 1. Kur'un, Sura

Page 63,
line 6.

"The Opening."

Verily along with

difficulty, ease.

Class

2.

Abu Huraira
Page 64,

visit

me

seldoracr,

and you will be liked the more.

iii.

line S.

Class

1. Kur'an, Sura
!

verse 188,

"The Family

of Imran."

And

preserve us,

our Lord

from the torment of the

fire.

Pa(je 65, line 15.

Class

4.
fire

And branches on
green
tree.

Avhich were pomegranate-flowers, as though

had been hung on the

Paffe 65, line 20.

Class 4.
thirst,

Men And
Paje 69,
line 17.

around him were perishing with

he, a cup-bearer sees, but gives not to drink.

Class

1. Kur'an, Sura xxv.

by with

verse 72,
dignity.
4.

"Al Furkan."

"When they pass by

frivolous sport, they pass

Page 69,

line 18.

Class

When
Page

thou seest a sinner, bo thou concealing and gentle.

thou that reprobatest

71, line 20.

my
1.

fault,

why

dost thou not pass by generously

Class Kur'an,
Page

Sura xxxi. verse

14,

"Lokraan."

But

if

they importune thee to associate with

76, line 15.

Me

that of

which thou hast no knowledge,

then obey them not.

Class
Sura

3.

This quantity will support thee, and what exceeds that, thou must be the bearer thereof.

Page 77,

line 14.

Class Kur'an,
1.

vii.

verse 29,

"Al Araf."

Eat ye and drink, but commit not excess.

Page

79, line 4.

Class
!

4.

Out upon the viands when baseness acquires them

dignity
is

The cauldron

is set

up, but the

lowered.

Page 81,

line 8.

Class Kur'an,
1.

Sura

xlii.

verse 26, "Counsel."

Should God bestow abundance upon His servants, they might act wantonly on the earth.

Page 81,

line 9.

Class

4.
?

What

then has plunged thee,

deluded one, into danger that thou hast perished

to fly
!

would that the ant had not assayed

Page 82,
Avould that before

line 5.

Class

4.

my

death

One day I might

obtain

my

wish

river dashing against

my

knee

Then would

I not cease to

fill

my

bottle.

Page 83,

line 10.

Class Kur'an,
1.

Sura xxiv. verse 26, "Light."

Impure women

for

impure men. Page 83,

line 17.

Class

4.

They

said.

Mortar from lime

is

not clean.

We

replied.

We

close therewith the chinks of the privy.

APPENDIX
Page
Until
85, line 3.

A.

133
x. verse 90,

Class Kur'an,
1.

Sura

"Jonah."

when
Page

the drowning overtook him.

85, line 6.

Class Kur'an,
1.

Sura xxix. verse 65,

"The

Spider."

When

they emhark on shipboard, they

call

upon God, vowing him sincere worship.

vii.

Page 86,

line 17.

Class

1. Kur'an, Sura

verse 146, " Al Araf."

Verily an ass amongst

men

resembles a calf ruddy like gold and lowing.

Page 89,

line

9. Class

4.

Mine
strings
?

ear (is attentive) to the excellence of the songs.

Who
4.

is this

that touches the lute-

Page 93,

line 16.

Class
Class

"Who

will converse
is

with

me now

that the yellow camels are off?

To the stranger none

but the stranger

a companion.

Page 96,

line 19.

4.
vilifies

And
worst of

the brother of hatred passes not by a good

liars.

man but what he

3.

(him) as the

Page 99,

line

20. Class

Without thy

gifts

we

are content with departure.

Page 100,

line 7.

Class

4.

The croak of

the crow of the desert.

litie 7.

Page 100,

Class Kur'an,
1.

Sura xxxi. verse 18, "Lokman."

Surely the most displeasing of noises

is

the voice of asses.

line 8.

Page 100,

Class Class

4.

When
An

the preacher

Abu Fawaris

brays, he has a voice

line 14.

which shakes Istakhar of

4.

Persia.

Page 102,
apparition of

him who by
as a guide
to

his countenance dispels the gloom,

came

at night in a

vision to

accompany me
I love

through the night.

He whom
and room
!

came

me

in brightness.

Then

said I to him.

Welcome

and

facility

Page 103,

line 22.

Class

4.
still

When

thou comcst unto

me

in society to visit

me, though thou comest in peace,

thou

bringest war.

Page 106,

line

l\. Class

3.

crow of the desert

would there were between me and thee the distance of the

tropics.

Page 109,

line

7. Cla^ss

3.

The

dates ripe, and the keeper not preventing.

Page 109,

line

And

if a

man

escape from the evil of his

10. Class 4. own self, from

the evil of the suspicion of the

accuser he will not escape.

Page 110,

line

10. Class

4.

thirst (is) in ray heart

(which) the sipping of pure water

fails to slake,

even though I

drank oceans.

134

APPENDIX
Page 111,
line 2.
is

A.

Class

4.
life,

I missed the

moment

of union

and man

ignorant of the value of the delights of

before troubles (ovei'take him).

Page 113,
Zaid struck

line 13.

Class

4.
is

Amr; he
by a

is

a transgressor (in a grammatical sense he

the agent).

am
At
is

ill-used

17. Class 4. grammarian rushing on me in a rage,

Page 113,
line
;

like

Zaid in a struggle with

Amr.

the trailing of the skirt he raiseth not his head

?

but from him that draggeth

down

raising consistent

(grammatically, can the nominative be expected from a power

governing the oblique case

?)

Page 113,
Speak thou
to

line

20.

Class 2.

men

according to the measure of their understandings.

Page 114,

line 15.

Class

i.

If I die not of grief on the day of bidding adieu, esteem

me

not in friendship candid.

Page 114,

line 22.

Class

4.

And many
seen her
;

a sincere friend hath blamed

me

for

(my) love

for her.

Oh

he hath never

or else

would

my

excuse be obvious.

Page 115,
This
is

line 3.

Class

1.

Kur'an, Sura
line 15.

xii. verse

32,

Joseph."

he for you, about

whom

ye blamed me.

Page 115,

Class

4.

What
is

passed in mine ear of the story of the secluded spot, had the dusky-coloured doves

overheard, they would have cried out with me.

free (from the

Oh assembly

of friends! say ye to

him

that

pangs of

love),

Oh would

that thou knewest

what

is

in the heart of the

afflicted

Page 116,

line 10.

Class Class
Ood
20.*

4.

The blow

of a friend

is

a raisin.

Page 118,

line 15.

2.

The door
arise

of repentance shall not be closed against the servants (of

setting-point.
I ask

God) until the sun

by repentance unto

from

its

pardon of Thee,

and

I return

Thee.

Page 118,

line

God Host High hath

said,

Their faith profited them not

when they witnessed our

4.

severity.

Page 122,

line 8.

Class
is

When she saw before says, He has with him a

Cliildhood has passed
is

her husband a thing like the flabbiest lip of one keeping a

fast,

she

dead (thing).

Now

charm

only for the sleeper.

Page 124,

line 3.

Class 4.

away and

hoariness has wrought a change in me.

Change of time

a sufficient monitor.

* Although this passage reads like a quotation from the Kur'an,

still

have not been able to discover

it

anywhere

in that

somewhat unconnected rhapsody.

APPENDIX
Page 127,
line 15.

A.

135

Class 3.

God made them

to

grow

a fair plant.

Page 127,

line 19.

Class 4.
it is

The tender branches indeed when thou

hast straightened them remain straight; but

of no use to thee to attempt to straighten dry wood.

Page 129,

line 18.
if

Class 3.
is

Convey what thou

art charged

with

and

they accept not, there

Class 3.

nothing against thee.

Page 131,

line 2.

Oh my
gained
?

dear boy; thou wilt be asked on the day of the resurrection.

What

hast thou

It will not be said,

To whom wert thou

Page 136,
line

related

5. Class

2.

The death

of the poor

(is)

rest.

Page 136,

line 15.

Class 2.
(is)

The most

hostile foe of thine (is) thy soul

which

between thy

sides.

Page 138,
I flee unto
loveth not.

line 3.

Class 4.

God

for refuge

fiom depressing poverty and from the vicinity of him who

Page 138,
Poverty
is

line 3.

Class

2.

blackness of the face in both worlds.

Page 138,
Poverty
(is)

line 5.

Class

2.

my

glory.

Page 138,
Poverty wanteth but
little

line

10. Class

4.

of being a denial of God.

1.

Page 138,

line 14.

Class

Kur'an, Sura xxxvii. verse

fruits
;

40,

"The Ranks."

stated banquet shall they

have of

and honoured shall they be in the garden of

delights.

Page 139,
(There
is)

line

\0. Class

4.

no monasticism in Islam.

Page 139,

line

20. Class
:

4.

"Whoever has before him what ripe dates he longs for

pelting the clusters.

that enables

him

to

do without

Page 142,
Verily
if

line 3.

Class

1.

Kur'an, Sura xix. verse 47,

3,

"Mary."

thou desistcst not, I will assuredly stone thee.

line 21.

Page 142,

Class Kur'an, Sura Ixv. verse

1.

"Divorce."

And And

for

him who putteth

his trust in God,

He

will be all-sufficient.
Class 4.

Page 143,
ladies riding

line 7.

on camels in their

litters

take no heed to

him who

is

floundering

among

the sand-hillocks.

Page 143,

line

\2. Class

4.

Aided from God, victorious and triumphant over his enemies, holder of the reins of the

136

APPENDIX

A.

human

race, defender of the passes of Islam, heir to the

kingdom of Solomon, the most just

of the raonarchs of the time, Muzaffaru 'd

dunya wa

'd din,

Abu Bakr

bin Sa'd bin ZangT.

Maj' God prolong his days, and give victory to his banners

Page 144,

line 14.

Class

1.

Kur'an, Sura xxviii. verse

thee.
line 18.

77,

"The

Story."

Do good
Be

as

God hath done good unto

Page 144,
bountiful and upbraid not
;

Class

3.

for the benefit will revert

line 14.

unto thee.

Page 145,
Guidance
(to others) is afforded

Class Class

4.

by him, but he
line 2.

finds not the

4.

way

himself.

Page 148,

The

last of resources (is) the

sword.
1.

Page 152,

line 4,

Class Kur'an,
sons of

Siira
!

xxxvi. verse 60,

'

Ta

Sin."

Did I not enjoin on you,

declared foe
?

Adam

Worship not Satan,

for that

he

is

your

Page 158,

line 16.
:

Class 4.
and river
to river,

And

drop upon drop,

when blended
1.

a river

when

united

a
is

sea.

Page 164,

line 11.

Class Kur'an,

Sura
to

xii. verses

18 and 83, 'Joseph."

He

said

Nay, but yourselves have suggested

line 1.

you an

affair.

But patience

seemly.

Page 166,

Class 1.

Kur'an,
to taste a

Sura xxxii. verse 21,

Adoration."
at hand, besides the

And we

will surely cause

them

punishment yet nearer

greater punishment; that haply they

may

return.
line 19.

Page 166,

Class

4.

Every

vessel distils

what

it

contains.

Page 170,
thou
of
it
:

line 10.

Class

4.

who

lookest into

it,

ask of

God mercy for

the author and ask pardon for the

owner

and seek
it.

for thy soul the

good thou desirest for her.

After that forgiveness for the

owner of

The book

is

concluded by the aid of the All-bounteous King.

APPENDIX

B.

SHEWING THE VARIOUS METRES OF THE PERSIAN VERSES

OCCURRING IN BOOK
I.

OF THE GULISTAN.

To

Professor

FRANCIS JOHNSON,
College, Herts.

Late of the East India

My Deae

Friend,
I here send you a brief sketch of the Persian Metres

employed by Shaikh Sa'di in the First Book of his Gulistan.

so doing, as a small return for
o'

I feel

much

pleasure in

many
to

acts of kindness I experienced

from you "in days

it)

lang syne,"

when you used

send

me

(as our

Haileybury friends would express

"no end
you very

of pupils" during vacations; not to speak of

recently, in the concocting of certain literary

much

valuable aid received from

of.

works we wot
as one

The Metres
expect.

in the First

Book

are not so

numerous

would be apt

to

Of the fourteen
to

in general use
;

among

the Persians, I think there are not

more than eight here aU of which are Grammar, which, of

be met with

but then each of these has several variations,

detailed in Section VII. of the last edition (18G1) of

course, I
all

my

Persian

recommend

to the learner's cai'eful perusal.

Wishing you

the compliments of the season,

I remain,

My

dear Sir,
truly,

Yours very
Burton
Cresct.nt,

D.
58,

FORBES.

7tu January, 1863.

PAGE

LINE

13

bait,

^^

y=sr; baZ/ri

sari, variation

Muftadilun Muftadilim FadilHt.

16
bait,

jj\h^t j=ir_ bahri mutakdrib, var. 2.

Fadiilun Fadiiluu Faduliin Fadal.

18

^^m

138
PAGE
LINE

APPENDIX

B.

13

17

t^:-^

bciit,

ta-iri-^^^ bakri likaflf, var. 4.

radilatun Mafadilun Fadlun.

14

3 lS^-^ mathnavi, c-^jliL^^ssr bahri mutakdrib, var. 2 and

1.

Fadulun Fadulim Fadulun Fadal.

or

,,
,,

Fadul.

12

<uki

kit'a,

jLi^y=sr bahrl muzdri', var. 4.

Mafdulii Fadilatu Mafadllu Fadilat.

15

2
5

iAii ^2^'a, ajtki kit'a,

L_i-i>-ysr

i^a/eri Jihafif,

var. 4,

same

as p. 13,

1.

17.

^ibj

rubd'l,

L&^sT

ia/in hazaj, var. 15.

Mafdulu Mafadilun Fadulun.

a.vy 10

^ulai .v,.^--

kit'a, ^,
,i.-<.

J^j

.sT bahri ramal, var. 4.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilat.

16
Ai^^'i

kit'a,

ijLiri-

^^

i<2/^n Txhajtf, var.

2 and 4.

Fadilatun Mafadilun Fadilat.*

or

i^'a/^n

Fadlun.
same
as last.

16

4 9

l::^-j ^az7,

t^-i^y^
J.^
j=sr

Miaflf, var. 2 and 4,

<ulajj y^i^'a,

bahri ramal, var, 13 and 12.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilun.

or
,,
,,

Fadilat.
1.

17

LJy^

mathnavi, (^Xsc^jssr bahri mutakdrib^ var.

Fadulun Fadiilun Fadiilun Fadul.

17 4
ci.-'-J

bait, bait,

uJiJis>~.:sr bahri Mciflf, var. 4,

same

as p. 13,

1.

17.

12

i-:i--J

^y^jjsr bahri ramal, var.

8.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilat.

17

ij^

kit'a,

i^jL:>-jsr bahri Miojif, var. 3 and

4.

Fadilatun Mafadilun Fadilun.

or
,,

,,

Fadlun.
i,

* The reader will be pleased to remember that the vowels

to be short, except

a,

and

u,

when unmarked,

are understood
;

when

followed by a double consonant, or by a single consonant at the end of a hemistich

hence

it is,

in general, superfluous to put the short

mark

"

over them.

When, however,

a foot happens to have

is

the same vowels, but with different quantities, such as fadilnt and fadilat, the short vowel
as the long, in order " to make assurance doubly sure."

marked

as well

APPENDIX
PAGE
LINE

B.

139

18
it

4
8

a.*y hit'a,

u-jLi:>.^a< bahri khafif, var, 2 and 4, as p. 15,

1.

16.

j^bj rubai,

j^Uj^^
-^

bahri rubai, Class II, No. 8.

Mafdiilu Mafadilim Mafadilu Fadal.

}f

18

(.::--j

ia2Vj

__iLA:i.

bahri Tihafif, var. 3.

Fadilatim Mafadilim Fadilioi.

19
1

(ULi

/;7'a,

c JLjL% jssT, bahri muzdri', var. 4.

Mafdiilu Fadilatii Mafadilu Fadilat.

>f

dV!"'f

/i'a,

"^jjs^, bahri rajaz, var. 10.

Mafadilim Mafadilun Mafadil.

>>

l::.-,-j

5aV,

yi>j=sr bahri hazaj, var. 15,

same same
No.

as p. 15,
as p. 18,
9.

1.

5.

>>

12 14

ci^*j ^ai^.

;_(Li^^^

bahri khafif, var. 3,

1.

18.

>>

-cb, rubai,

^\ijjsr, bahri rubai. Class

II.

Mafdulu Mafadilim Mafadilim Fad.

>j

18

t^xkj kit'a.

jsT, bahri mvjtathth, var. 3.

Mafadilun Fadilatun Mafiidilun Fadilat.

>>

20

<ulajj

/^'a,

ici-^isT bahri hhafif, var. 2.

Fadilatun Mafadilun Fadilat.

20
6
(UloJi

/^',

Ji,^,^=sr

bahri ramal, var.

8, 9,

or 10.

Fadilatun Fadilatim Fadilatun Fadliin.

or
,,

,,

,,

Fadlan.
Fadilim.
as p. 13,
1.
1.

or 13
17ij:.^-j

,,

,,

^ai^

,U-;^

.c^ bahri mutakdrib, var. 2,

same

IC.

izuma
ajtLJj /('i^'tf. <ul;J! hit'a,

i^jis^jssr bahri Mcfif, var. 4 and

2, as p. 15,

16.

21

^\^jjsr bahti ramal, var.

3.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilatim Fadilat.

17
iULij /7'a,

^ybjSsT bahn hazaj, var.

7.

Mafdulu Mafadilu Mafadilu Fadulim.

20

c:^

^a?^,

-cl), ,2sr

^a^W rubai,

Class II. No.

1.

Mafdfilu Mafadilun Mafadilun Fad.

22
4
tUlij ^iY'fl, tUliJ

t_-jjUi,

.atr;

bahi'i

mutahdnb,

var. 1, as previously.

i^

140
PAGE
LINE

APPENDIX

B.
-

22

14

<uLjs kit'a,

uU:;^*y=sr bakri mujtatktk, var.

3,

same

as p. 19,

1.

18.

Mafadilun Fadilatiin Mafadilun Fadilat.

}>

17 3

ijthj kit'a,

^.JuA^jSsr bakri khaftf, var. 3 and

4, as in p. 17, 6.

1.

17.

23
>>

c'-^-J bait.

^Kijjs^, bakri

rubd'i, Class II.

No.

8 17 3
8

Jsj
i^y^i^y*

nazm.
matknavi.

(J-cjs-*^^ bakri mujtatktk, var.

L-jij\3:^^

3,

same

as p. 19,

1.

18.

>)

ysr bakri mutakarib,

v. 2, as before.
1.

24
>>

^yt^

matknavi,

<,.Juki- jsc

bakri khafif, var. 4, as in p. 13,

17.

iA^i kit'a,

J^^r>c^ bakri ramal, var. 12.

Fadilatiin Tadilatun Fadilat.

y>

13

i.::^-j

bait.

^\ijj!2sr

bakn rubal.

Class II. No. 2.

Mafdulu Mafadllu Mafadilun Fad.

i)

15

l::^-j ba:it,

Same metre
k-i-cx^r*

as the preceding.

)>

20

l::^^ bait.

.'C bakri mujtatktk, var. 5.

Mafadilun Fadilatun Mafadilun Fadlun.

25
>)

5 ^y^y* matknavi. t^Jjc^jsr bakri mutakarib, var.

10
17
l::.^ bait,
(.::^-j

J-^j^ac7

^a^n ramal,

var. 3, as in p. 21,

1.

2.

>>

bait.

cL^js-^^asr. bakri, mujtatktk, irregular.

Mafadilun Fadilatun Mafadilu Fadiilun.

u
>)

19
21

L1--J bait.
<ukjj kit'a,

i-J-iri- ^ptr

babi

Miaflf, var. 3. vide note under p. 00.

Jikaflf, var.

^Jis>. jss^ bakri

<-_>,lih^^jsr: bakri

2 and

4, as in p. 15,

1.

16.*
17.

26
>t

5 12

v.".-^-j

bait,

mutakarib, var.

1, as in p. 16, 1.

cu^-J bait.

tS^jj''<^ bakri ramal, irregular.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Mafdiilun Fadilun.

or Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadlun.

19

^bj
i.::--j

rubal,

^^ijjSsT, bakri rubal, Class II. No.

9, as p. 19,

1.

14.

Mafdulu Mafadilun Mafadilun Fad.

27
1
bait.

<l..c^ jsr^ bakri mujtatktk, var.

5, as p. 24,

1.

20.

* In the

first bait

of this

A:t<'a

my

best

MSS.

read

<---J^ which

the metre requires.

is

The same

ex-

pression occurs in the same foot

further on, page 35, line 4, where^,;^

used, as,

ut^ S^^O*^ '"^ J^

which

have no doubt

is

the correct reading in both passages.

<

APPENDIX
PAGE
LINE

B.

141

27

c:^-j iaeV,

Jjb^^

ia^ri /lazaj, var. 10.

MafadTlun Mafadiliin Fadulun.

f)

13

t::^-j ^azV,

^\jjjxr^ bahri ntbai, No.

^^\:jj!=^,

6, as in p.

23,

1.

3.

)i

19

t.::^-j

^a7,

bahn rubal,

Class II. No. 7.

Mafdulu Mafadilun Mafadilii Fadul.

28
>>

ukjj /^27'a,

jjsysr;
iSJisi- jCsT

5a^n

hazaj, var. 10, as in last page.

Jchaflf, var.

<uLji kit'a.

bahn

4 and

3, as

formerly.

>>

15

aula's

^iY'a,

^J-c.^s^^'^r ^a/^r? mujtathth, var. 5, as in last page.

29

i."--J ^aeV,

-.ybJsT bahri hazaj, var.

9.

Mafadiliin Mafadilun Mafadil.

>)

10

<uk
ij:---j

/'^'a,

Jy*jj'^ bahri ramal, var. 12 and 13, as

ci-^xs^
.-v^

in p. ]6,
1.

1.

9.

19
2

^azY,
bait.

bahri mujtathth, var. 3, as in p. 19,

18.

30

L.:: -J

^}^JJ=sr^ bahri ramal, var. 2, irregular.

Fadilatun Fadilatuii Fadilatim Fadilat.

orFadilatun
>>

,,

Fadlun.

9
15

<ulas Av'i'a,

c-^lc^^^

bahri mutakdnb, as heretofore.

bahri muzdri\ var. 4,

>>

l::^-j ^aeV,

cjLUysr

same

as p. 19,
1.

1.

1.

18

c:-^

ZaV,

ybjSsT^ bahri hazaj, var. 10, as in p. 27,

1.

Mafadilun Mafadilun Fadulun.

31
>>

5
9

AxJaJs

^z7'a,

1^0.

c-:.

-c^

hnhri phnfif

f^a

liPVptnfnvA

i.::.-wj

bait,

^jibjsr bahri hazaj, var.

_.ji)ysr bahri hazaj,
t^ilcjg^^^asr.

15, as before.

t>

11

c:^-j ^027,
ii^xL'j

same

as last.

>>

14 19

^2^'a,

^a^n

mujtathth, var. 5, as formerly.

var. 3, as formerly.
1.

>

iUiaJJ

/^?Z'a,

(J-cs^ysT ^a/<n mvjtathth,

32
>>

2
7 12 19

uy

/(-i^'a,

_.JJS)^^ oa/in /^a^a;, var. 10, as in p. 27,

1.

<uLj> kit'a,
w::^-j iaeV,

-.jA^asr bahri hazaj,

c jLs^^sT

same

as last.
1.

>>

ia^n muzdri,

var. 4, as in p. 19,

I.

}>

iulajj

^2^'a,

LLcjs-^ysr ^a^r? mujtathth, var.

5, as formerly.

142
PAGE
LINE

APPENDIX

B.

22
33

22
6

l::--j J2V,

c.jjtfi-.^ysr ^/<n mutakdrib, as heretofore.

Lii-N-j

bait,

J^jysT

Z>rt/in

ramal, var. 14.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilat.

))

10 ^^il^ mat/mam, 14
17
^kjj
/^7'^'a,

-.ybj'<^ bahri hazaj, same as p. 15,

-.y^

1.

5.

>>

y^ bakri hazaj,

same

as last.

>>

AxlaJJ y^2^'(2,

^^s^ j!sr

bahri mujtathth, var. 6 and 3, as formerly.

Mafadilnn Fadilatun Mafadilun Fadlan.

34
>>

5
21 4 10

i_5y.l^
(.::-N-j

mathnam,
^azV,

^jjssr

bahri ramal, var. 12, as in p. 24,

1.

8.

j^lij^.'>r bahri rubai, Class II. No. 9, as p. 19,

1.

14.

35
>>

<uLJ! /"^'a,

^j j=^_
j^jjsT

bahri ramal, var. 12, as above.

bahri rajaz, irregiJar.

c:-^-j ^a^Y,

Mastafdilim Fadilun Mustafdilun Fadilat.

>>

19

^Ulajj /^?V',

_ Jsysr.

bahri hazaj, var. 9, as heretofore.

3G

<ukji

/'E^'fl,

,y^jj=sr^ bahri ramal, var. 10 or 11.

Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadilatun Fadlun.

or Fadilatun
,,

Fadlan.
1.

>>

20 4
12

l::^-j bait.

^bj^^ bahri rubal.

(J-^ii^^ j-^"

Class II. No. 7, as p. 27,

2, as in p. 19,
1.

19.

37
f>

^yt^ mailman,

^.Jukd^jsr bahri hhaflf, var.

20.

^
l::,-,-j

nazm,

bahri mujtathth, var. 3 as formerly.

khajlf, var. 4, as heretofore.
II. irregular.

)>

15 ^^''t^ mathnam,

t_jLAr^^^ bahri

)t

20 22

bait.

^\)jj=sr, bahri rubai, Class

ij^ni

kifa.
kit' a,

u_i-i^

.ssT

bahri Jihaflf, var. 4 and 3, as formerly.

38
tf

iAis
t^xlaJj

i^j^::^jssr, bahri mutakdrib, as heretofore.

uL^:iJS'* .a7

11

kit' a,

bahri mujtathth, var. 3, as heretofore.

39

14 3
6

^ulajj

kiia,
kit' a,

L_i-i.>-

.SET'

bahri khaflf, var. 4 and bahri khaflf, same as

^a/^ri khaflf, v- 4, 3,

3, as

formerly.

40
>}

ij^^

i_J-i.=^^=sr'

last.

<uLj kit'a.

i-_c^>-^^

and

2, as before.

APPENDIX
PAGE
LTNE

B.

143

12

c:,^

bait,

^\jjjsr, bakri rubal, Class

II. irregular.

Mafdillu Mafadilun Mafadllu Fadul.

,,

19

(ukjj

kWa,

L^usisi-. jcsr,

bahri yhaflf, var. 2 and 4, as before.

41

i^^Vj 'fubalf

^\ij y^^
^y^ j=sr^

bahri rubal, Class II. No. 9, as formerly. bahri hazaj, var. 10, as heretofore.

14 ciy-l^ mathnavi, 3 13
1

42

ij^

kifa,

L^j\ji::^jssr bahri mutakdrib, aa fovmerlj.

ulai hit'a,

i^Juss^jsT bahri

Tihafif, var. 4, as

formerly.

43
,,

<uLjj

kiia,

-.jajsT bahri hazaj, var. 12, as formerly.

'j:>jsr^ bahri hazaj,

LJy^

mathnavi,

same

as last.

,,

15
1

^tki kiia,

i^i.JL<.jssr bahri yhaflf, var. 2, as formerly.

44

e:-^

bait,

i^j\^:i^jsr bahri mutakdrib, as formerly.

cuLJi kit'a,

^j^jxr

bahri sari, var. 2,

Muftadilun Mujftadilim Fadilun.

,,

c:-^
aj\aj)

bait,

>J:,,c^ j:sr. bahri mujtathth, var. 3, as formerly.

14

kia,

yi,j:^^ bahri hazaj, var. 10, as heretofore.

45

,,

2 i^y-^ mathnavi, 5 kjy-i^ mathnavi,

ybjssr bahri hazaj, same as

i,jLi~L. j^sr

last.

bahri khaflf, as heretofore.

var. 10, as before.

14
16

ij:^-j ^a27,

ytijsr bahri hazaj,

AV

t'<

kit' a,

i6>

JX7 ^a/^ri hazaj, var. 15, as heretofore.

9, as

46

,,

4
9

<ulaj /^i^'a,

J.^^=s7 ia^n ramal, var. 8 and

(..Juss^jcsr bahri Mci/if, var.
>^g^fcS- jagr ia/^ri kha/lf,
<_j>jUb^

formerly.

&Al3

kit' a,

2 and

4, as before.

]2 19

tuiaj z^i^'a,

same

as last.

,,

l::^-j iaeY,

^pc:

^aAW mutakdrib,

as formerly.

21

<ijtbj kit'a,

J^j

.:<' ^a/iri

ratnal, var. 14

and 15, as before.

ERRATA
TEXT.

Page PT
^t^

line

8,

for

J^
j^

read

ics^
i^lrsaj

3,

Lsaj

]rr

15,

joj

VOCABULARY.
Page
72, line 21, /or

form of conjug. read form or conjug.

o ro
CM

O s o -9
CO
1

PONTIFICAL INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES 59 QUEEN'S PARK CRESCENT

TORONTO-5, CANADA
V

Z 507