Niagara Falls - Amazing Power and Beauty!

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Niagara Falls - Amazing Power and

Beauty!
The Niagara Falls are massive waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the
international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state
of New York. The falls are 17 miles (27 km) north-northwest of Buffalo, New York,
75 miles (120 km) south-southeast of Toronto, Ontario, between the twin cities of
Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, New York.
Niagara Falls is composed of two major sections separated by Goat Island:
Horseshoe Falls, on the Canadian side of the border and American Falls on the
United States side. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls also is located on the American side,
separated from the main falls by Luna Island. Niagara Falls were formed when
glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water
from the newly-formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment
en route to the Atlantic Ocean.
While not exceptionally high, the Niagara Falls are very wide. More than six million
cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water falls over the crest line every minute in high flow,
and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m³) on average. It is the most powerful
waterfall in North America.

The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of
hydroelectric power. Managing the balance between recreational, commercial, and
industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 1800s.
Peak numbers of visitors occur in the summertime, when Niagara Falls are both a
daytime and evening attraction. From the Canadian side, floodlights illuminate both
sides of the Falls for several hours after dark (until midnight). The number of visitors
in 2008 is expected to total 20 million and by 2009, the annual rate is expected to
top 28 million tourists a year. The oldest and best known tourist attraction at Niagara
Falls is the Maid of the Mist boat cruise, named for an ancient Ongiara Indian
mythical character, which has carried passengers into the whirlpools beneath the
Falls since 1846. Cruise boats operate from boat docks on both sides of the falls.
American side
From the U.S. side, the American Falls can be viewed from walkways along Prospect
Point Park, which also features the Prospect Point Park observation tower and a boat
dock for the Maid of the Mist. Goat Island offers more views of the falls and is
accessible by foot and automobile traffic by bridge above the American Falls. From
Goat Island, the Cave of the Winds is accessible by elevator and leads hikers to a
point beneath Bridal Veil Falls. Also on Goat Island are the Three Sisters Islands, the
Power Portal where a huge statue of Nikola Tesla can be seen, and a walking path
which enables views of the rapids, the Niagara River, the gorge, and all of the Falls.
Most of these attractions lie within the Niagara Falls State Park.
The Niagara Scenic Trolley offers guided trips along the American Falls and around
Goat Island. Panoramic and aerial views of the falls can also be viewed from the
Flight of Angels helium balloon ride, or by helicopter. The Niagara Gorge Discovery
Center showcases the natural and local history of Niagara Falls and the Niagara
Gorge. A casino and luxury hotel was opened in Niagara Falls, New York, by the
Seneca Indian tribe. The Seneca Niagara Casino occupies the former Niagara Falls
Convention Center. The new hotel is the first addition to the city's skyline since
completion of the United Way office building in the twenties.
Canadian side
On the Canadian side, Queen Victoria Park features manicured gardens, platforms
offering spectacular views of both the American and Horseshoe Falls, and
underground walkways leading into observation rooms which yield the illusion of
being within the falling waters. The observation deck of the nearby Skylon Tower
offers the highest overhead view of the Falls, and in the opposite direction gives
views as far as distant Toronto. Along with the Minolta Tower (formerly the
Seagrams Tower, currently the Konica Minolta Tower), it is one of two towers in
Canada with a view of the Falls.
Along the Niagara River, the Niagara River Recreational Trail runs the 35 miles
(56 km) from Fort Erie to Fort George, and includes many historical sites from the
War of 1812.
The Whirlpool Aero Car, built in 1916 from a design by Spanish engineer Leonardo
Torres y Quevedo, is a cable car which takes passengers over the whirlpool on the
Canadian side. The Journey Behind the Falls - accessible by elevators from the street
level entrance - consists of an observation platform and series of tunnels near the
bottom of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side.
There are two casinos on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls, the Niagara Fallsview
Casino Resort and Casino Niagara. The former is situated in the Fallsview Tourist
Area, alongside many of the area's hotels, whilst the latter is adjacent to Clifton Hill,
on Falls Avenue, a major tourist promenade.

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