OHSAS 18001 Awareness Course

Aim
Provides an understanding of the requirements of Occupational health & Safety Management System. Provide an interpretation of OHSAS 18001 standard.

Provide understanding of the requirements of how Hazard & Risk can be identified, assessed controlled and managed.

1
Introduction to Safety and Health Management

Definitions
Accident
Undesired event giving rise to death, ill

health, injury, damage or other loss.

(OHSAS 18001, 3.1)

Definitions
Incident
Event that gives rise to an accident or had the potential to lead to an accident
NOTE: An incident where No ill health, injury, damage, or other loss occurs is also referred to as near-miss. The term Incident

includes Near-miss
(OHSAS 18001, 3.6)

Definitions
Occupational Health & Safety
Conditions and factors that effect the well being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the work place.
(OHSAS 18001,3.14)

Definitions
Non-conformance
Any deviation from work standards, practices, procedures, regulations, management system performance etc. that could either directly or indirectly lead to injury or illness, property damage, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these. (OHSAS 18001, 3.8)

Definitions

Risk
Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring
(OHSAS 18001, 3.14)

Sources of Risks
Products Materials and their properties Work processes and procedures Equipment Personnel Workplace and location Natural environment, climatic conditions External / interested parties

Costs of Accident
damage Production stoppages Replacement of equipment $ 5-50 Additional labour cost to replace injured $100000? personnel Emergency supplies, cleanup costs Investigation costs Legal procedures and costs Property Penalties, fines Damage and Other Uninsured Administrative costs Morale and motivation of workers and new costs hires Loss of reputation, goodwill and business opportunities
Property

Causes And Control Model

Causes
Root Causes
Individual & Occupational Factors
Unsafe Acts and Conditions

Immediate Causes

Contacts

Accidents

Programs and Procedures

Checks and Corrections

Contact Controls

Response & Mitigation / Reduction

Controls

Management System

Identify all Hazards & Loss Exposures

Evaluate the Risk

Develop Controls

Goals of Risk Management

Implement Controls

Review Adequacy of Controls

OHSAS 18001:1999
Sets out requirements for OH&S management system Similar to ISO 9001 and 14001 Not industry specific Describes good management practice but does not state how procedures and controls are to be operated Does not state specific OH&S performance criteria Applicable to small or large organizations Applicable to any industry, organisation or activities

OHSAS 18001:1999
Establish an OH&S management system Implement, maintain and continually improve an OH&S management system Assure conformance with its stated OH&S policy Demonstrate such conformance to others Seek certification/registration of its OH&S management system

Interrelation of OHSAS 18001 Clauses

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment
Policy Objectives

Procedures

Programmes

Monitoring Audit

Corrective / Preventive Action

Review

Integrated Management

ISO 9001 ISO 14001 OHSAS 18001

Many Common Elements

Demings Cycle
PLAN ACT DO CHECK

OHSAS 18001
Continual Improvement

OHS Policy Management Review

Planning

Checking and Corrective Action

Implementation
& Operation

OHSAS 18001 Benefits

Enable organization to: Establish H&S policy Identify H&S hazards and determine risks Identify priorities and objectives Establish structure and program Facilitate planning, control , monitoring , corrective action, auditing and review activities.

2
Safety and Health Policy, Legal and Other Requirements

Top Management Responsibility

"There shall be an occupational health and safety policy authorized by the organizations top management,..."

(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2)

The policy shall:

a) be appropriate to the nature and scale of the organizations OH&S risks;

(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2a)

Policy Linked to Hazards

Other References to Legal Requirements in OHSAS 18001

Clause 4.2 OH&S policy

"The policy shall: c) include a commitment to at least comply with current applicable OH&S legislation and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes; ..."

Communication of Policy
The policy shall: ...

e) be communicated to all employees with the intent that employees are made aware of their individual OH&S obligations;
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.2e)

Legal and Other Requirements

The organization shall establish and maintain a procedure for identifying and accessing the legal and other OH&S requirements that are applicable to it.
The organization shall keep this information up-todate. It shall communicate relevant information on legal and other requirements to its employees and other relevant interested parties.
(OHSAS 18001 Clause 4.3.2)

Other References to Legal Requirements in OHSAS 18001

Clause 4.3.3 Objectives

"... When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organization shall consider its legal and other requirements, its OH&S hazards and risks, its technological options, its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties."

Risk Management Process

Communicate and Consult
Establish Establish the the Context Context Identify Risk Monitor and Review Assess Risks

Analyze Risks Analyze Risk

Evaluate Risks Evaluate Risk

Treat Risk

Management Control of Hazards

Management Responsibility
OHSAS 18001 provides a systematic structure for organizations to manage hazards from the planning design stage to operational control stage, and down to emergency response Participation and understanding is required from all relevant levels and functions of management

Management Responsibility

Management should be aware of the process of risk creation and their role in managing it.

Types of Hazard
Physical Chemical Biological Ergonomics

Physical Hazards
Noise Vibration Radiation Temperature Pressure,Velocity,Height Electricity Physical characteristics

Chemical Hazards
Explosives Flammable liquids Corrosives Oxidizing materials Toxic, carcinogenic, substances Gases and air particulate

Biological Hazards
Biological wastes (blood, fluids, etc.) Drugs (antibiotics, marijuana) Viruses, bacteria Parasites, insects Poisonous or diseased plants, animals

Ergonomic Hazards
Physical Environmental Psycho-Social

Ergonomic Hazards
Physical
Poor work,task design Repetitive motion Prolonged sitting Poor layout Poor posture Improper lifting and handling

Ergonomic Hazards
Environmental
Poor lighting,glare Poor ventilation Poor temperature control Poor humidity control

Ergonomic Hazards
Psycho-social
Work rest cycles Violence,discrimination Extraneous stress Un even work load Lack of personnel space Poor inter staff relationships

4
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRA RC)

Definition
HAZARD

Source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the work place environment, or a combination of these.

Definition
Hazard Identification

Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics.

Definition
Risk
Combination of the likelihood and

consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring.

(OHSAS 18001,3.14)

Analysis of Clause 4.3.1 HIRARC

The organization must have records of the results of the hazard identification and risk assessment process(es) to demonstrate conformance to the requirements of clause 4.3.1

Methods of HIRARC
Risk Assessment is simply asking:
How bad can it be ??? Can we tolerate it ???

How likely ???

What can go wrong ???

Methods of HIRARC
Ideally, HIRARC should be able:
to identify all loss exposures to foresee all possible events and their consequences to assess the risk accurately and identify significant risks to develop the most cost-effective control measures

Complete and Comprehensive HIRARC

Occupations Processes

Hazards
Work Areas

Machines & Equipment

Energy Sources & Substances

Risk Management / Control Principles

The 6 - Step Process

6. Supervise and Review 5. Risk Control Implementation 4. Make Control Decisions 1. Identify the Hazards The Hazards 2. Assess the Risks 3. Analyze Risk Control Measures

Risk Assessment Matrix

Severity Low consequence Very Severe

1
1

2 2 4 6 8 10

3 3 6 9 12 15

4 4 8 12 16 20

5 5 10 15 20 25

Low

1 2 3 4 5

Probability

2 3 4 5

High

A Simple Risk Assessment

R = (P) x (S)

R = Risk P = Probability of occurrence / Likelihood S = Severity of effect (consequence)

Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and corrective and preventive action

Linked to Clause 4.5.2

"... these procedures shall require that all proposed corrective and preventive actions shall be reviewed through the risk assessment process prior to implementation. ..."

Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and corrective and preventive action

Linked to Clause 4.5.2

This requirement essentially requires the organization to manage all changes arising from corrective and preventive actions. The organization may set up different risk assessment processes to assess different categories of change.

Two Approaches to Control

Changes to the existing methods and arrangements
Implementing operational control on existing methods and arrangements

Preventive Stage

Corrective Stage

Stages of Controls

Contact Stage

Loss Minimization Stage

Objectives and Management Programmes

Clause 4.3.3 Objectives

the organization shall establish and maintain documented occupational health and safety objectives, at each relevant function and level within the organization. Note:Objectives should be quantified where ever practicable

Contents of Objectives

S & H performance improvement and risk reduction objectives. Technology or facility (Improvement objective) Management and System (Improvement objective) Fact finding monitoring objective.

Clause 4.3.4 OH & S Management Program(s)

The organization shall establish and maintain (an) OH&S management programme(s) for achieving its objectives. This shall include documentation of:
The designated responsibility and authority for achievement of the objectives at relevant functions and levels of the organization; and The means and time-scale by which objectives are to be achieved

Clause 4.3.4 OH & S Management Program(s)

The OH & S management program (s) shall be reviewed at regular and planned intervals. Where necessary the OH & S management program (s) shall be amended to address changes to activities, products, services, or operating conditions of the organization

6 Implementation
and Operation

Demings Cycle
PLAN ACT DO CHECK

Clause 4.4 Implementation and Operation

Structure and responsibilities Training, awareness and competence Consultation and communication Documentation Document Control Operational Control Emergency preparedness and response

4.4.1 Structure and responsibilities

The roles, responsibilities and authorities of personnel who manage, perform and verify activities having an effect on the OH&S risks of the organizations activities, facilities and processes, shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate OH&S management.

4.4.1 Structure and responsibilities

Ultimate responsibility for occupational health and safety rests with top management. The organization shall appoint a member of top management (e.g. in a large organization, a board or executive committee member) with particular responsibility for ensuring that the OH&S management system is properly implemented and performing to requirements in all locations and spheres of operation within the organization.

4.4.1 Structure and responsibilities

The organizations management appointee shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for: Ensuring that OH&S management system requirements are established, implemented and maintained in accordance with this OHSAS specification; Ensuring that reports on the performance of the OH&S management system are presented to top management for review and as a basis for improvement of the OH&S management system.

Clause 4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence

"Personnel shall be competent to perform tasks that may impact on OH&S in the workplace. Competence shall be defined in terms of appropriate education, training and/or experience.

Clause 4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence

It shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that its employees working at each relevant function and level are aware of: The importance of conformance to the OH&S policy and procedures, and to the requirements of the OH&S management system;

Clause 4.4.3 Consultation and communication

"The organization shall have procedures for ensuring that pertinent OH&S information is communicated to and from employees and other interested parties. Employee involvement and consultation arrangements shall be documented and interested parties informed.

Clause 4.4.4 Documentation

"The organization shall establish and maintain information, in a suitable medium such as paper or electronic form, that:
Describes the core elements of the management system and their interaction; and Provides direction to related documentation.

NOTE:It is important that documentation is kept to the minimum required for effectiveness and efficiency."

Clause 4.4.5 Document and data control

The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for controlling all documents and data required by this OHSAS specification to ensure that: They can be located; They are periodically reviewed, revised as necessary and approved for adequacy by authorized personnel;

Clause 4.4.5 Document and data control

Current versions of relevant documents and data are available at all locations where operations essential to the effective functioning of the OH&S system are performed; Obsolete documents and data are promptly removed from all points of issue and points of use or otherwise assured against unintended use; and Archival documents and data retained for legal and knowledge preservation purposes or both, are suitably identified."

Introduction to Document and Data Control

Right information is available:
In the right place At the right time

In the right revision

Operational Control and Emergency Preparedness

Clause 4.4.6 Operational Control

The organization shall identify those operations and activities that are associated with identified risks where control measures need to be applied.

Clause 4.4.6 Operational Control

The organization shall plan these activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions by:
Establishing and maintaining documented procedures to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the OH&S policy and the objectives;

Clause 4.4.6 Operational Control

Stipulating operating criteria in the procedures; Establishing and maintaining procedures related to the identified OH&S risks of goods, equipment and services purchased and/or used by the organization and communicating relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers and contractors;

Clause 4.4.6 Operational Control

Establishing and maintaining procedures for the design of workplace, process, installations, machinery, operating procedures and work organization, including their adaptation to human capabilities, in order to eliminate or reduce OH&S risks at their source

Operational Control
Provision of appropriate data Provision of appropriate trained personnel Provision of documented procedures, instructions and forms describing controls to be applied by reference to the appropriate:
Personnel Equipment Ambient conditions / operational environment Material Information

5 Elements of Control
Personnel
Identified Competent Trained Correct Attributes Available

Equipment
Identified Correct Type Capability Condition Available

Materials
Identified Correct Type Correct Condition Available

Information
Identified Adequate Content Correct Edition Correct Condition Communicated Available

Ambient Conditions (Environment)

Suitable

Emergency Preparedness
Is the last chance you have to minimise the losses

Clause 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response

The organization shall establish and maintain plans and procedures to identify the potential for, and response to ,incidents and emergency situations,and for preventing and mitigating the likely illness and injury that may be associated with them.

Clause 4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness and Response

The organization shall review its emergency preparedness and response plans and procedures,in particular after the occurrence of incidents or emergency situations. The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.

Management Control Of Hazards

Chemical handling Compressed Gases Confined Spaces Ergonomics Fire Prevention Hazards Waste Disposal Machine Tools and Powered Machinery Hot Work Lifting Equipment Mobile EquipmentForklift & Industrial Trucks Stairs & Stairways Ladders Scaffoldings

Subcontractor Working on Site

Examples of jobs requiring permits are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Hot Work Cold Work Electrical Work Confined Space Entry Excavations & Civil Work Vehicle Entry Radiography

Permit-to-Work /

8
Checking, Corrective Action, and Management Review

OHSAS 18001
4.5.1 4.5.2 Performance measurement and monitoring Accidents, incidents, nonconformance and corrective and preventive action Records and records measurement Audit Management review

4.5.3 4.5.4 4.6

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring

Qualitative and Quantitative Proactive and Reactive Extent OH&S Objectives are met

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring

Proactive Performance Measures

Compliance with S&H programs Operational criteria Compliance with legislation & regulatory requirements

4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring

Reactive Performance Measures
Accidents Ill health Incidents, including near-misses Other deficiencies

4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformances and corrective and preventive action

General
Immediate Action

Recording

Process
Follow-up
Preventive Action Corrective Action

Investigation

4.5.3 Records and records management

Records should be appropriate to:

the system the organisation demonstrate conformance to the standard

4.5.3 Records and records management

Should have procedures for:

Identification Maintenance Disposition

4.5.4 Audit
To assess performance and adequacy in delivering performance: Assess compliance to standard Determine if the system is effective in meeting the organisations policy and objective

Internal Audit Programme

OHSAS 18001, Clause 4.5.4
The organization shall establish and maintain an audit program(s) and procedures for periodic OH&S management system audits to be carried out , in order to: a) determine whether or not the OH&S:
1) conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this OHSAS Specification; and 2) has been properly implemented and maintained; and 3) is effective in meeting the organisations policy and objectives
contd.. over

Internal Audit Programme

OHSAS 18001, Clause 4.5.4
b) review the results of previous audits c) provide information on the results of audits to management The audit program, including any schedule, shall be based on the results of risk assessments of the organizations activities and the results of previous audits. The audit procedures shall cover the scope, frequency, methodologies and competencies, as well as the responsibilities and requirements for conducting audits and reporting results.

4.6 Management Review

Consider issues such as:
The topics to be addressed Who should attend Responsibilities of individual participants Information to be brought to the review

4.6 Management Review

Agenda
suitability of current OH & S policy setting or updating of OH & S objectives for continual improvement in the forthcoming period adequacy of current hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes current levels of risk and the effectiveness of existing control measures ...

4.6 Management Review

Company needs to complete at least one management review prior to any certification audit

Certification Audit

Certification Process
Pre-Audit (Stage 1)

Document Review

Certification Audit (Stage 2)

Certification Approach
Pre-Audit (On-site review - required for most clients)
Certification audit preparation & planning Determine state of readiness Client planning meets standards requirements

Certification Audit (On-site review)

Implementation Effectiveness

Objectives of Certification Audit

Confirm complies with standard Determine management system is based on identified hazards and is appropriate to risk Determine management system is designed to achieve and is achieving regulatory compliance and continual improvement Confirm organisation comlpiance with own policies and procedures

Ensure certification bodys reputation and the value of third party certification