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    Menstrual Cycle

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    Nazkie Alganion
    The menstrual cycle involves changes in the endometrium and ovaries over approximately 28 days. The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and involves follicle development in the ovaries until ovulation around day 14. The luteal phase follows ovulation and involves corpus luteum formation and progesterone production until menstruation begins again if fertilization does not occur. The endometrium thickens and prepares for potential implantation during the cycle controlled by changing hormone levels.

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    Menstrual Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Nazkie Alganion
    1K views15 pages
    The menstrual cycle involves changes in the endometrium and ovaries over approximately 28 days. The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and involves follicle development in the ovaries until ovulation around day 14. The luteal phase follows ovulation and involves corpus luteum formation and progesterone production until menstruation begins again if fertilization does not occur. The endometrium thickens and prepares for potential implantation during the cycle controlled by changing hormone levels.

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    The menstrual cycle involves changes in the endometrium and ovaries over approximately 28 days. The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and involves follicle development in the ovaries until ovulation around day 14. The luteal phase follows ovulation and involves corpus luteum formation and progesterone production until menstruation begins again if fertilization does not occur. The endometrium thickens and prepares for potential implantation during the cycle controlled by changing hormone levels.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf
    1K views15 pages

    Menstrual Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Nazkie Alganion
    The menstrual cycle involves changes in the endometrium and ovaries over approximately 28 days. The follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and involves follicle development in the ovaries until ovulation around day 14. The luteal phase follows ovulation and involves corpus luteum formation and progesterone production until menstruation begins again if fertilization does not occur. The endometrium thickens and prepares for potential implantation during the cycle controlled by changing hormone levels.

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    MENSTRUAL CYCLE

    Maria Nazarethe A. Sulit, RN


    What is menstruation?

    Menstruation is the
    periodic shedding of
    the endometrium
    accompanied by
    blood loss, that
    identifies the
    reproductive years of
    a woman's life.
    Menstrual Cycle

    Prepare for pregnancy


    Ave. 28 day cycle
    As short as 20 days
    As long as 45 days
    Hypothalamic-Pituitary Cycle
    Ovarian Cycle
    • Follicular phase (Day 1-14)
     Time before ovulation
     LH surge causes ovulation
     Ovarian follicle mature under the influence of FSH &
    estrogen
     1st day of menstruation until ovulation
     Very variable period
     24-46 hrs before ovulation Estrogen & LH
    Ovarian Cycle
    • Luteal phase (Day 15-28)
     Period following ovulation
     Ovum discharged from mature follicle
     Corpus luteum develops under the influence of LH
     Corpus luteum life span is 7 days
     Degeneration of CL=decrease in progesterone
     Fertilization: zygote secretes HCG
     Fixed 14 days after ovulation=menstruation
    Ovarian Cycle
    Layers of the Endometrium
    Endometrial Cycle
    • Menstrual Phase
     1st day of menstruation to 5 days
     Menstruation: regression of the corpus luteum
    & decline in estrogen & progesterone
     2/3 of endometrium is shed off
     Uterus lining is thinnest at this point
     Blood loss 30-80 ml
     Woman’s life span 10-20 liters blood loss
    Endometrial Cycle
    • Menstrual Phase
     Saturating more than 1
    pad or tampon/hr or 8
    pads/day = heavy flow
     Average Iron loss 12-
    29 mg
     Fe supplements
    Endometrial Cycle
    • Proliferative Phase
     Follicular/Estrogenic phase
     6 to 13 day
     Endometrial surface is restored to normal
    thickness 4-5 days after the 1st day of menstruation
     Estrogen promotes the growth of new cells &
    capillaries in the endometrium
    Endometrial Cycle

    • Secretory Phase
     14 to 25 day
     Mittleschmerz
     Spinnbarkheit
    Endometrial Cycle

    • Secretory Phase
     Progesterone causes dilation of blood vessels in the
    endometrium:spiral/corkscrew shape
     Increase vascularity of the uterus
     Endometrial glands elongate, more active & secrete
    glycogen containing fluid
     Endometrium becomes soft, spongy, edematous, very
    rich in nutrients & blood
    Endometrial Cycle

    • Ischemic Phase
     Regression of corpus luteum
     Decrease in progesterone
     Formation & release of protaglandin & endothelin 1
     Vasospasm of spiral arteries & contraction
    myometrium
     Vasospasm ischemia necrosis rupture of blood
    vessels sloughing off

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