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Serial File

An indexed sequential file stores records sequentially with an index table pointing to the records, allowing individual records to be retrieved quickly without searching the entire file. A serial file stores records in no logical order, so the entire file must be read sequentially to retrieve a single record, making searches very slow. An encoder encodes a signal into a code, while a multiplexer takes multiple input channels and outputs them into a single channel. A decoder decodes inputs to determine which output is active, while a demultiplexer selects one of its multiple outputs based on an input select signal.

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663 views

Serial File

An indexed sequential file stores records sequentially with an index table pointing to the records, allowing individual records to be retrieved quickly without searching the entire file. A serial file stores records in no logical order, so the entire file must be read sequentially to retrieve a single record, making searches very slow. An encoder encodes a signal into a code, while a multiplexer takes multiple input channels and outputs them into a single channel. A decoder decodes inputs to determine which output is active, while a demultiplexer selects one of its multiple outputs based on an input select signal.

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sandip0389
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q. Difference between Serial file and indexed sequential file. Serial File 1.

In a serial file the records are stored in no particular order or logical order and hence the serial file is equivalent to an unorder sequence. . In serial file system, retrieve a single record the whole file needs to be read from the beginning to the end. !. Searching process is very slow. ". An example of a serial file is an non# computerised shopping list. $. Serial files can be stored on tape, disc or in memory. Indexed Sequential File 1. In an Indexed Sequential file system, the records are stored sequentially with an index. A separate table is kept of the indexes which are pointers into the tables. . In this system, individual records to be retrieved without having to search the entire set of data. !. Searching process is very fast. ". A company may store details about its employees as an indexed sequential file. $. An indexed sequential file can only be stored on a random access device eg magnetic disc, %&.

COAXIAL CABLE Material used for Coaxial Cable: - Copper core cable shielded by Air gap - Co-axial cable (sharing the same axis or center) consists of an outer and inner part with the outer part used as a protection from electrical interference while the inner part carries the electric signal Technology: - uses electromagnetic field technology to carry the signal - coax cable uses electricity, electric signals (electrons) to transfer data - copper core of the coaxial cable carries an analog signal Advantages of Coaxial Cable: - coaxial cables can be used near metallic objects without loss of power - protects the signal from having interference with an electromagnetic source such as electronic devices around - coaxial cable easily fits on the input jack of the receiver and no problems with kinks ses and A!!lications of Coaxial Cable: - carry telephone and data signals - distribution of cable television signals from Cable ! provider companies - Coaxial cable is used to transmit radio fre"uency signals - connect radio transmitters to the antenna - connect radio signal receiver to the antenna - connecting home, office, business computer network - #A$ (local area network) internet connections

- %A$ (wide area network) internet connections ----------------"IBE#$O%TIC CABLE &aterial used for 'iber-optic cable( - thin hollow fiber glass made of silica Technology: - fiber of thin hollow silica glass is used as a small pipe to transmit light particles containing signals and data information between the two ends of the fiber - fiber-optics cable uses light (photons) to transfer data - optical fibre carries a digital signal Advantages of "iber O!tic Cable: - flexibility of the cable (however, kinks distort the signal) - transparent properties of fiber optic cable - can be transmitted over longer distances with minimal or no losses - allows data to be transferred at higher bandwidths - can be curved around a corner during installation but can not be bent (signal distortion) - data transmission through the strands of fiber optic glass is faster ses and A!!lications of "iber$o!tic cables: - fiber-optic communication companies, - fiber optic cable tv distribution to houses and businesses - used to carry telephone, television, and data signals within a wider band of fre"uencies

)* %hat is the +ifference between encoder and multiplexer, An encoder refers to a device that is used to change a signal or data into a code* %hereas a &ultiplexer or mux is a device which performs multiplexing or it takes information from more than one*** +ecoder-demultiplexer A logic circuit, usually an integrated circuit, that is capable of setting one of its .n output lines active, i*e* at logic ), in response to an n-bit binary code present at its input* 'or an n-bit device, .n distinct elements of a code can be input* A decoder-demultiplexer may be considered as a switch that directs data from a timeshared data bus to one of several possible outputs under the control of a select signal, which is normally digital/ the select signal indicates which of the outputs is to be connected to the input (see diagram)* 0ndividual data channels may be recovered from a time-division multiplexed input bus provided that the scanning of the select signal is made synchronous with that of of the multiplexer* he input to and outputs from a decoder-demultiplexer may be in digital or analog form* .* An encoder refers to a device that is used to change a signal or data into a code* %hereas a &ultiplexer or mux is a device which performs multiplexing or it takes information from more than one channels and outputs into a single channel* hus a multiplexer is basically a kind of encoder where its function is to combine multiple inputs into one output* A decoder takes n inputs and produces .1n outputs* An encoder takes .1n inputs and produces n outputs* A multiplexer selects one line from many lines* he inverse of selection is distribution* A demux essentially transmits data from one line line to .1n possible output lines* he output line is determined by n select lines* 0n short, a multiplexer selects an input line, a demultiplexer selects an output line* he differences between these two circuits is subtle, as far as 0 can tell* A demux simply selects an output line, nothing more* 0t2s a glorified switch* A decoder takes n inputs, and uses those inputs to determine which of the .1n output lines is high* his is the difference, 0 think* A decoder is designed to simply keep one line high* A demux is designed to set one output e"ual to the input (whether it be high, low, or a changing signal)*

he differences can be summed as(-

&e'ulti!lexer ) data input +efinition .1n outputs 0t has n inputs .1n outputs
0t has n control inputs

&ecoder

Characteristic 4everse of

Connects the data input to the data output &ultiplexer

3elects one of the .1n outputs by decoding the binary value on the basis of n inputs 5ncoder

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