Chap 5. The Urban Heat: Main Idea Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4

Chap 5.
The Urban Heat

Main Idea Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4
Vocabulary
The Urban heat islands

1. The word extravagant in the passage is closest in meaning to a) amazing b) creditable c) excessive d) comparative
1 Serving as the densest population areas of the

world, cities are unique locations where extravagant amounts of resources are used and transferred into waste. Raw materials of food and energy go into the system and come out as pollution or general waste. This means of processing this consumption also
2. the word periphery in the passage is closest in meaning to a) negligible b) surrounding c) contradictable d) opposable
results in other periphery effects such as the creation of heat that otherwise would not exist. During the winter heat emitted from a city outranks the heat gained from solar radiation, mainly due to heat produced from industrial purposes. Thus, urban city areas tend to have overall higher temperatures than countryside areas. When a building is heated, some of
3. According to the paragraph 1 which of the following is true about urban heat? a) The amount of sunlight the country house is exposed to is more than the other. b) Urban areas have sufficient heat because of industrial process. c) There is enough heat from the sunlight during the winter. d) Automobiles are not the cause of heat generation.
the heat escapes to the outdoor air especially if the building is not well insulated. More heat is produced than one may necessitate. Furthermore, automobiles also discharge enough heat to warm a household throughout the winter.
2 Although automobiles produce a sizeable fraction

of the urban heat, there are two other main components that heat up a city. The materials used in building such as concrete and asphalt and landscape construction in cities tend to have higher heat capacities. This is in stark contrast to the countryside where vegetation and soil make it difficult for heat to move in and out as it pleases. Another reason of higher temperature in cities is that the suns heat becomes trapped within a city in two ways. First are the numerous reflective materials that usually constitute a city such as buildings and cars, bouncing the heat around and trapping it within a city. Second are the clouds of polluted air produced by cities that also trap heat into the city as the rays from the sun are able to come down but not reflect back up into the atmosphere due to the clouds
4. The word discharge in the passage is closest in meaning to a) release b) set c) compromise d) consume
5. Which of the following do NOT facilitate warmer temperatures in cities in comparison to the countryside according to paragraph 2? a) energy consumed by gas-fueled vehicles b) the clouds of polluted air c) the bouncing reflection of sunlight between reflective skyscrapers d) straight access to the city ground spots blanketed with vegetation 6. For what reason do countryside substances have less heat holding capabilities than city substances as seen in paragraph 2? a) Only the Sun provides a main cause of heat in the countryside. b) Flora of the countryside inhibits heat from moving in the ground. c) Unlike buildings of the countryside, cities are built out of materials that are not as effective at holding in heat d) The solar radiation that goes into the ground leaves quickly in the countryside. 7. What is the overall organization of paragraph 2? a) The paragraph expresses two reasons for high heat identified in an early examination: one of them is not fully examined. b) The paragraph explains two reasons that cause lowered heat c) The paragraph gives two overarching reasons for high levels of heat in the city followed by a two-tier explanation of the second reason d) The paragraph discusses four total reasons for high heat in cities 8. The word it in the paragraph 3 refers to a) area b) island c) vegetation d) city
3 Urban heat island is a term used to identify the

greatest amount of difference in temperature between cities and countryside that are next to each other. Generally speaking, larger cities have larger heat island intensities although real levels are mainly based on the energy output of the city and the city structure along with population levels. The phenomenon of an urban heat island is the result of city areas being much warmer than the countryside around it. These heat islands can form at any time although certain wind conditions can speed up this development. There are several factors that affect the configuration of a heat island. For example, a heat island can be stretched in and by the direction of the wind. Head differences in areas can be extremely vast in a well-developed heat island with side streets being fifteen degrees colder than inner busy streets. In a similar manner, areas underneath traffic signals may become significantly warmer than surrounding areas due to the standing of cars underneath the lights.
4 Several interesting features of urban climates

result from certain unique exchanges between the ground level of a city and its atmosphere. City surfaces have a large effect on whether or not moisture gathers in a given areas as buildings and planned landscapes prevent rain from seeping into the ground as it is almost immediately led into drain holes and the surface of the cities remains runoff. Furthermore, wind is not able to spread out the rainfall as far as it naturally should do due to the wind-friction increased by large buildings. Higher turbulence in the atmospheric area of cities also affects this decreased precipitation dispersal as the hot air risen up from the citys surface interferes with the wind.
9. Which of the following increase the heat of urban areas according to paragraph 3? a) An economic recession that occurred in the city b) The economy of the city transitioned from factories and industry to farming and tourism c) A growing migration of the cities from the rural areas d) Traffic jams within the city 10. The grounds of the countryside are wetter between rains than cities due to which of the following as seen in paragraph 4? a) Heavy rain is more likely to occur in cities and light rain in the countryside b) Water evaporation in the city occurs at a faster rate because of the heat c) Between precipitations there are longer episodes of dry weather in the cities. d) city surfaces do not allow liquids to become immersed into the surfaces and runs off speedily 11. In paragraph 4, what can be inferred about runoff based on the information? a) Rural area runoff is less than the urban area. b) Both rural areas and urban areas do not necessitate the runoff. c) The effect of the runoff is not enough to control the heat. d) The runoff is not widespread recently 12. According to the paragraph 4, which is most responsible for higher levels of air turbulence in cities? a) Extremely fast winds blowing over cities b) Relatively higher amounts of precipitation totals in cities c) Endeavors to curtail air pollution of cities d) The skyscrapers effects on airflow 13. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. As a result of this, both the surrounding air and grounds of cities tend to be drier overall when there is no precipitation, lowering humidity as there is not
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provides below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points With their physical structure and urban activities the cities can have urban heat here would the sentence best fit? much liquid available for the cooling-evaporation process
Answer Choices a) If cities take the heat from automobiles to warm buildings, the level of heat that a city incurs will decrease. b) Higher rates of rainfall runoff, lower humiditys and higher amounts of air turbulence are all causes to facilitate a urban heat island. c) The temperature of air in urban areas increases and reduces wind speeds in times of low precipitation, which leads to a lower rate of airwaste diffusion. d) The effects of polluted areas and the materials from which urban buildings are built contribute to making urban areas warmer than the countryside. e) Energy consumption for buildings and vehicles along with the waste that results from this all contribute to the relatively high levels of heat in a city. Polluted gas that hovers mostly around the atmospheric layer of cities is largely responsible for increased solar radiation heating

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Chap 5.

The Urban Heat

The Urban heat islands

1 Serving as the densest population areas of the

2 Although automobiles produce a sizeable fraction

3 Urban heat island is a term used to identify the

4 Several interesting features of urban climates

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