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    Tuned-Mass Absorber Case Studies

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    kenryou
    The document discusses the principle of tuned-mass vibration absorbers for reducing unwanted vibrations in structures. It provides two case studies: 1) Vibration absorbers added to a football stadium stand in London to counteract vibrations from crowds. 2) Taipei 101 skyscraper uses a massive pendulum absorber to control wind-induced vibrations, the world's largest such system. Tuned absorbers work by adding a small auxiliary mass tuned to vibrate out of phase and cancel external vibrational forces driving the primary structure.

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    Tuned-Mass Absorber Case Studies

    Uploaded by

    kenryou
    151 views14 pages
    The document discusses the principle of tuned-mass vibration absorbers for reducing unwanted vibrations in structures. It provides two case studies: 1) Vibration absorbers added to a football stadium stand in London to counteract vibrations from crowds. 2) Taipei 101 skyscraper uses a massive pendulum absorber to control wind-induced vibrations, the world's largest such system. Tuned absorbers work by adding a small auxiliary mass tuned to vibrate out of phase and cancel external vibrational forces driving the primary structure.

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    The document discusses the principle of tuned-mass vibration absorbers for reducing unwanted vibrations in structures. It provides two case studies: 1) Vibration absorbers added to a football stadium stand in London to counteract vibrations from crowds. 2) Taipei 101 skyscraper uses a massive pendulum absorber to control wind-induced vibrations, the world's largest such system. Tuned absorbers work by adding a small auxiliary mass tuned to vibrate out of phase and cancel external vibrational forces driving the primary structure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    151 views14 pages

    Tuned-Mass Absorber Case Studies

    Uploaded by

    kenryou
    The document discusses the principle of tuned-mass vibration absorbers for reducing unwanted vibrations in structures. It provides two case studies: 1) Vibration absorbers added to a football stadium stand in London to counteract vibrations from crowds. 2) Taipei 101 skyscraper uses a massive pendulum absorber to control wind-induced vibrations, the world's largest such system. Tuned absorbers work by adding a small auxiliary mass tuned to vibrate out of phase and cancel external vibrational forces driving the primary structure.

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    Principle of tuned-mass vibration absorber:

    Problem: Periodic excitation of


    vibrating system (resonant or not) Forced vibration can be cancelled by adding an auxiliary mass tuned such that

    = k1 m1

    & + kx + k1 ( x x1 ) = F0 cos(t ) m& x &1 + k1 ( x1 x) = 0 m1 & x


    For = k1 m1 auxiliary mass vibrates in such a manner that the force exerted on m compensates the external force:

    k1 x1 = F0 cos(t ) x=0 x1 = A1 cos(t ) A1 = F0 k1 = F0 m1 2

    Problems/Limits of tuned-mass vibration absorbers: Amplitude of auxiliary mass is limited by absorber design. Above critical force amplitude absorber becomes saturated and absorber action disappears. If we try to remove resonant excitation (202=k/m): Adding the auxiliary mass m1 << m creates two new resonant frequancies slightly above and below 0 auf: Problem for broad spectrum of excitation frequencies.

    Case study 1: North Stand, Highbury Stadium (Arsenal), 1993-2006


    1992-93 Demolition of old stand and replacement by new all-seater stand using lightweight construction methods. natural frequency of vertical vibration mode of upper tier of the fully occupied stand slightly above 1 Hz

    Problem: Resonant excitation of vertical mode by periodic vertical motions of the Arsenal supporters.

    Solution: Attachment of tunable vibration absorbers to the upper tier

    k1

    Kinematic relations :

    mass displacement x1 = lBC + x spring elongation xA = lAB = (lAB lBC )( x1 x)

    Balance of moments : equation of motion for mass m1 : &1lBC + k1lAB (lAB lBC )( x1 x) = 0 m1& x &1 + keff ( x1 x) = 0 , keff = k1 (lAB lBC )2 m1& x

    Equations of system for total system (stand + absorber mass) : &1 + keff ( x1 x) = 0 , m1& x & + keff ( x x1 ) + kx = F0 cos(t ) m& x keff = k (lAB lBC )
    2

    vibration of stand is cancelled if = keff m1 , effective spring constant can be tuned by changing lBC

    Solution of vibration problem by frustrating anthropogenic excitation: absorber is automatically tuned to dominant vibration frequency. In spite of ~ 5000 supporters on stand: only small auxiliary mass is needed (~ 2% of mass of the structure) since lack of feedback prevents the supporters from synchronising their motions.

    Case study 2: The worlds largest tuned mass vibration absorber:


    http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/en/OB/about/damper.asp Taipei 101: Until 2009 the worlds tallest building Situated near a major earthquake fault Situated in a Typhoon area Use of a tunable pendulum to control vibration of the building under extreme wind loads. Pendulum mass: 730 tons Pendulum length (tunable) around 12m

    How does it work?

    x x sin = 1 l x x mg tan mg mg 1 l

    mg ( x1 x) F0 cos(t ) = 0 l mg & & mx1 + ( x1 x) = 0 l & + Kx M& x

    mg ( x1 x) F0 cos(t ) = 0 l mg &1 + m& x ( x1 x) = 0 l & + Kx M& x


    These equations are equivalent to those for a vibration absorber:

    & + Kx + k1 ( x x1 ) = F0 cos(t ) M& x &1 + k1 ( x1 x) = 0 m& x


    with spring stiffness

    mg k1 = l
    The forced vibration of the main mass is eliminated if

    m = = k1

    g l

    The absorber can be tuned to changing frequencies by adjusting the free length of the pendulum

    In Taipei 101: pendulum natural frequency (about 1/7 Hz) corresponds to frequency of the fundamental flexural mode of the tower structure -> control of resonant excitation by gusting winds

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