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    Algorithms and Flowcharts

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    Nagunuri Srinivas
    The document provides instructions for a summer assignment on algorithms and flowcharts for an AP Computer Science class. It includes examples of pseudocode, algorithms, and flowcharts for various problems. Students are asked to read an online module on algorithms, complete 5 exercises, and discuss their solutions at the beginning of the new school year.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Algorithms and Flowcharts

    Uploaded by

    Nagunuri Srinivas
    111 views34 pages
    The document provides instructions for a summer assignment on algorithms and flowcharts for an AP Computer Science class. It includes examples of pseudocode, algorithms, and flowcharts for various problems. Students are asked to read an online module on algorithms, complete 5 exercises, and discuss their solutions at the beginning of the new school year.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document provides instructions for a summer assignment on algorithms and flowcharts for an AP Computer Science class. It includes examples of pseudocode, algorithms, and flowcharts for various problems. Students are asked to read an online module on algorithms, complete 5 exercises, and discuss their solutions at the beginning of the new school year.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    111 views34 pages

    Algorithms and Flowcharts

    Uploaded by

    Nagunuri Srinivas
    The document provides instructions for a summer assignment on algorithms and flowcharts for an AP Computer Science class. It includes examples of pseudocode, algorithms, and flowcharts for various problems. Students are asked to read an online module on algorithms, complete 5 exercises, and discuss their solutions at the beginning of the new school year.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS

    Summer Assignment AP Computer Science Wakefield High School

    Assignment Summary
    1.

    Read this ppt. thoroughly and complete the 5 exercises at the end. Well share and discuss your solutions at the beginning of the new school year. Youll get credit for sharing.
    http://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/Algorithms/Lessons/in dex.html VA Tech developed the above interactive module lesson. You need to read thoroughly and play the games. It gives you a better understanding of how sorting algorithms are represented.

    2.

    ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS


    A typical programming task can be divided into two phases: Problem solving phase
    produce

    an ordered sequence of steps that describe solution of problem this sequence of steps is called an algorithm

    Implementation phase
    implement

    the program in some programming

    language

    Steps in Problem Solving

    First produce a general algorithm (one can use pseudocode) Refine the algorithm successively to get step by step detailed algorithm that is very close to a computer language. Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms. Pseudocode is very similar to everyday English.

    Pseudocode & Algorithm

    Example 1: Write an algorithm to determine a students final grade and indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final grade is calculated as the average of four marks.

    Pseudocode & Algorithm


    Pseudocode: Input a set of 4 marks Calculate their average by summing and dividing by 4 if average is below 50 Print FAIL else Print PASS

    Pseudocode & Algorithm

    Detailed Algorithm Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4 Step 2: GRADE (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4 Step 3: if (GRADE < 50) then Print FAIL else Print PASS endif

    The Flowchart

    (Dictionary) A schematic representation of a sequence of operations, as in a manufacturing process or computer program. (Technical) A graphical representation of the sequence of operations in an information system or program. Information system flowcharts show how data flows from source documents through the computer to final distribution to users. Program flowcharts show the sequence of instructions in a single program or subroutine. Different symbols are used to draw each type of flowchart.

    The Flowchart
    A Flowchart
    shows

    logic of an algorithm emphasizes individual steps and their interconnections e.g. control flow from one action to the next

    Flowchart Symbols
    Basic
    Name Symbol Use in Flowchart Oval Denotes the beginning or end of the program

    Parallelogram

    Denotes an input operation

    Rectangle

    Denotes a process to be carried out e.g. addition, subtraction, division etc.

    Diamond

    Denotes a decision (or branch) to be made. The program should continue along one of two routes. (e.g. IF/THEN/ELSE)

    Hybrid

    Denotes an output operation

    Flow line

    Denotes the direction of logic flow in the program

    Example
    START Input Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4

    GRADE(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4)/4

    Step 1: Input Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 Step 2: GRADE (Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4)/4 Step 3: if (GRADE <50) then Print FAIL else Print PASS end if
    Y

    IS GRADE<5 0

    PRINT PASS

    PRINT FAIL

    STOP

    Example 2
    Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to convert the length in feet to centimeter. Pseudocode: Input the length in feet (Lft) Calculate the length in cm (Lcm) by multiplying LFT with 30 Print length in cm (LCM)

    Example 2
    Flowchart

    Algorithm Step 1: Input Lft Step 2: Lcm Lft x 30 Step 3: Print Lcm

    START

    Input Lft

    Lcm Lft x 30

    Print Lcm

    STOP

    Example 3
    Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will read the two sides of a rectangle and calculate its area. Pseudocode Input the width (W) and Length (L) of a rectangle Calculate the area (A) by multiplying L with W Print A

    Example 3
    Algorithm Step 1: Input W,L Step 2: A L x W Step 3: Print A
    START

    Input W, L

    ALxW

    Print A

    STOP

    Example 4

    Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will calculate the roots of a quadratic equation ax 2 bx c 0 Hint: d = sqrt ( b2 4ac ), and the roots are: x1 = (b + d)/2a and x2 = (b d)/2a

    Example 4
    Pseudocode: Input the coefficients (a, b, c) of the quadratic equation Calculate d Calculate x1 Calculate x2 Print x1 and x2

    Example 4
    START

    Algorithm:
    Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Input a, b, c d sqrt ( b b 4 a c ) x1 (b + d) / (2 x a) x2 (b d) / (2 x a) Print x1, x2
    Input a, b, c d sqrt(b x b 4 x a x c) x1 (b + d) / (2 x a) X2 (b d) / (2 x a) Print x1 ,x2

    STOP

    DECISION STRUCTURES

    The expression A>B is a logical expression it describes a condition we want to test if A>B is true (if A is greater than B) we take the action on left print the value of A if A>B is false (if A is not greater than B) we take the action on right print the value of B

    DECISION STRUCTURES

    is A>B

    Print A

    Print B

    IFTHENELSE STRUCTURE
    The structure is as follows If condition then true alternative else false alternative endif

    IFTHENELSE STRUCTURE
    The algorithm for the flowchart is as follows: If A>B then Y N is print A A>B else Print Print print B A B endif

    Relational Operators
    Relational Operators

    Operator
    > < == Less than Equal to

    Description
    Greater than

    Greater than or equal to

    !=

    Less than or equal to


    Not equal to

    Example 5
    Write an algorithm that reads two values, determines the largest value and prints the largest value with an identifying message. ALGORITHM Step 1: Input VALUE1, VALUE2 Step 2: if (VALUE1 > VALUE2) then MAX VALUE1 else MAX VALUE2 endif Step 3: Print The largest value is, MAX

    Example 5
    START Input VALUE1,VALUE2

    is VALUE1>VALUE2

    MAX VALUE1

    MAX VALUE2

    Print The largest value is, MAX STOP

    NESTED IFS

    One of the alternatives within an IF THENELSE statement


    may

    involve further IFTHENELSE statement

    Example 6

    Write an algorithm that reads three numbers and prints the value of the largest number.

    Example 6
    Step 1: Input N1, N2, N3 Step 2: if (N1>N2) then if (N1>N3) then MAX N1 [N1>N2, N1>N3] else MAX N3 [N3>N1>N2] endif else if (N2>N3) then MAX N2 [N2>N1, N2>N3] else MAX N3 [N3>N2>N1] endif endif Step 3: Print The largest number is, MAX

    Example 6

    Flowchart: Draw the flowchart of the above Algorithm.

    Example 7

    a)

    b)

    Write and algorithm and draw a flowchart to read an employee name (NAME), overtime hours worked (OVERTIME), hours absent (ABSENT) and determine the bonus payment (PAYMENT).

    Example 7
    Bonus Schedule
    OVERTIME (2/3)*ABSENT >40 hours >30 but 40 hours >20 but 30 hours >10 but 20 hours 10 hours Bonus Paid $50 $40 $30 $20 $10

    Step 1: Input NAME,OVERTIME,ABSENT Step 2: if (OVERTIME(2/3)*ABSENT > 40) then PAYMENT 50 else if (OVERTIME(2/3)*ABSENT > 30) then PAYMENT 40 else if (OVERTIME(2/3)*ABSENT > 20) then PAYMENT 30 else if (OVERTIME(2/3)*ABSENT > 10) then PAYMENT 20 else PAYMENT 10 endif Step 3: Print Bonus for, NAME is $, PAYMENT

    Your Flow Charts


    1.
    2.

    Calculates greatest common factor (GCF) of two numbers.


    A man has to get a fox, a chicken, and a sack of corn across a river. He has a rowboat, and it can only carry him and one other thing. If the fox and the chicken are left together, the fox will eat the chicken. If the chicken and the corn is left together, the chicken will eat the corn. How does the man do it? Solve the problem and make a flow chart with solution. Change an engine oil algorithm.

    3.

    Your Flow Charts


    4.

    You want badly to take a friend out for a movie and dinner. And guess what? Your friend gladly accepted but you are broke. Now you have 36 hours (3 days) to get $100 and avoid embarrassment. Your sources are a last minute neighbors mow yard, parents, relatives, or else. Watch The Big Bang Theory The Friendship Algorithm online. Have fun and enjoy summer.

    4.

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