LTE Protocols:

Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for Evolved Packet System (EPS) The NAS protocol is used on the control plane between the UE and the core network, the MME (Mobility Mana e!ent Entity"# The NAS layer is handlin !obility related $unctions between the UE and the core network, like attach and trackin area update, authentication and security# %t is also responsible $or establishin and !aintainin %P connecti&ity between the UE and the core network#

Radio Resource Control (RRC) The ''( ('adio 'esource (ontrol" layer is the !ana er o$ the radio resource and the !ain controllin protocol in the Access Stratu!# %t is responsible $or establishin the radio bearer and con$i urin the lower layers# %t is also handlin !obility related $unctions between the UE and the access network, like hando&er and !easure!ents, broadcastin syste! in$or!ation and pa in #

Packet )ata (on&er ence (P)(P" Speci$ication The P)(P (Packet )ata (on&er ence Protocol" layer has $unctions $or handlin ''( ('adio 'esource (ontrol" !essa es ori inatin $ro! the control plane and %P (%nternet Protocol" packets $ro! the user plane# The $unctions $or supportin the control plane is inte rity protection and cipherin # *or the user plane P)(P o$$ers cipherin , header co!pression and reorderin and retrans!ission durin hando&er# E+UT'A 'adio Link (ontrol ('L(" protocol speci$ication The 'L( ('adio Link (ontrol" layer is responsible $or deli&ery o$ upper layer S)Us# 'L( can work in , di$$erent !odes, dependin on the re-uire!ent o$ the data to be transported. Transparent Mode (TM", Unacknowled ed Mode (UM" and Acknowled ed Mode (AM"# AM has $unctions $or retrans!ission o$ erroneous recei&ed P)Us# The 'L( workin in UM or AM also has $unctions $or se !entation and concatenation o$ S)Us sent o&er the LTE air inter$ace# *or recei&ed P)Us 'L( support $unctions $or re+orderin , duplicate detection and reasse!bly#

E+UT'A MA( Protocol Speci$ication The MA( (Mediu! Access (ontrol" layer !ultiple/ data $ro! di$$erent ser&ices (radio bearers" onto a MA( P)U, a transport block# The MA( layer !aintain the ne otiated 0oS, 0uality o$ Ser&ice $or each radio bearer by instructin the layer abo&e, 'L(, about the a!ount o$ data to be trans!itted $ro! each radio bearer# An i!portant task $or the MA( layer is schedulin # The scheduler in the eN1 controls the assi n!ent o$ uplink and downlink radio resources#

E+UT'A Physical (hannels and Modulation

E-#TRA Physical Channels and $odulation E-#TRA $ultiple%in! and channel codin! E-#TRA Physical &ayer Procedures

Layer 2 The &ayer ' is defined in a and(idth a!nostic (ay ased on resource locks) allo(in! the &TE &ayer ' to adapt to various spectrum allocations" A resource lock spans either '* su carriers (ith a su -carrier and(idth of '+k,- or *. su -carriers (ith a su -carrier and(idth of /"+k,- each over a slot duration of 0"+ ms"

The radio frame structure type ' is used for 122 (for oth full duple% and half duple% operation) and has a duration of '0 ms and consists of *0 slots (ith a slot duration of 0"+ ms" T(o ad3acent slots form one su -frame of len!th ' ms" The radio frame structure type * is used for T22 and consists of t(o half-frames (ith a duration of + ms each and containin! each 4 slots of len!th 0"+ ms and three special fields (2(PTS) 5P and #pPTS) (hich have confi!ura le individual len!ths and a total len!th of ' ms" A su -frame consists of t(o ad3acent slots) e%cept for su -frames ' and 6) (hich consist of 2(PTS) 5P and #pPTS" 7oth + ms and '0 ms s(itch-point periodicity are supported" To support a $ultimedia 7roadcast and $ulticast Service ($7$S)) &TE offers the possi ility to transmit $ulticast87roadcast over a Sin!le 1re9uency Net(ork ($7S1N)) (here a time-synchroni-ed common (aveform is transmitted from multiple cells for a !iven duration" $7S1N transmission ena les hi!hly efficient $7$S) allo(in! for over-the-air com inin! of multi-cell transmissions in the #E) (here the cyclic prefi% is utili-ed to cover the difference in the propa!ation delays) (hich makes the $7S1N transmission appear to the #E as a transmission from a sin!le lar!e cell" Transmission on a dedicated carrier for $7S1N (ith the possi ility to use a lon!er CP (ith a su -carrier and(idth of /"+ k,- is supported as (ell as transmission of $7S1N on a carrier (ith oth $7$S transmissions and point-to-point transmissions usin! time division multiple%in!" Transmission (ith $ultiple :nput and $ultiple ;utput antennas ($:$;) are supported (ith confi!urations in the do(nlink (ith t(o or four transmit antennas and t(o or four receive antennas) (hich allo( for multi-layer transmissions (ith up to four streams" #nder Sin!le-#ser $:$;) the ase station allocates ' or * streams to the selected user) in the case of $ulti-#ser $:$; the allocation of different (' or *) streams is done to different users" This is supported in oth #& and 2&" The physical channels defined in the do(nlink are< Physical 2o(nlink Shared Channel (P2SC,)= Physical $ulticast Channel (P$C,)= Physical 2o(nlink Control Channel (P2CC,)= Physical 7roadcast Channel (P7C,)= Physical Control 1ormat :ndicator Channel (PC1:C,)= Physical ,y rid AR> :ndicator Channel (P,:C,)"

The physical channels defined in the uplink are< Physical Random Access Channel (PRAC,)) Physical #plink Shared Channel (P#SC,)) Physical #plink Control Channel (P#CC,)" :n addition) si!nals are defined as reference si!nals) primary and secondary synchroni-ation si!nals"

The modulation schemes supported in the do(nlink and uplink are >PS?) '6>A$ and 6.>A$" The channel codin! scheme for transport locks in &TE is Tur o Codin! as for #TRA) (ith a codin! rate of R@'8A) t(o 4-state constituent encoders and a contention-free >uadratic Permutation Polynomial (>PP) tur o code internal interleaver" Trellis termination is used for the tur o codin!" 7efore the tur o codin!) transport locks are se!mented into yte ali!ned se!ments (ith a ma%imum information lock si-e of 6'.. its" Error detection is supported y the use of *. it CRC" There are several Physical layer procedures involved (ith &TE operation< Cell search= Po(er control= #plink synchroni-ation and #plink timin! control= Random access related procedures= ,AR> related procedures"

Throu!h the control of physical layer resources in the fre9uency domain as (ell as in the time and po(er domain) implicit support of interference coordination is provided in &TE"

S2 3eneral aspects and principles The S2+AP (S2 Application Protocol" protocol is used on the control plane between the eN1 and the core network, the MME# %t is used $or si nallin about the S2 bearer set+up and pa in initiation#

45 3eneral aspects and principles The B*-AP (B* Application Protocol) protocol is used on the control plane et(een the eN7s on the B* interface) (hich is optional" :t is used for si!nallin! a out the B* earer setup and for(ardin! of #E conte%t durin! handover"

3TP+( The 3TP&5+( (3P'S Tunnellin Protocol &ersion5 6 (ontrol Plane" protocol is used on the control plane between the LTE core nodes, MME, S+37, P)N+37# %t is also used between LTE nodes and UMTS nodes# MME and S+37 to S3SN# %t is used $or si nallin about the EPS bearer set+up and $orwardin o$ UE conte/t durin MME chan e#