INTRODUCTION The handloom was devised about 2000 Years ago and was brought toEngland by the Romans.

The process consisted of interlacing one set of threadsof yarn (the warp) with another (the weft). The warp threads are stretched lengthwise in the weaving loom. The wefts, the cross-threads, are woven into thewarp to make the cloth.W eaving remai ned unchanged for hundreds of yea rs until J ohn Kaydevised the flying shuttle. This enabled a weaves to knock the shuttle across theloom and back again using one hand only. The speed of weaving was doubled,and a single weaver could make cloths of any width, whereas previously two menhand sat together at a loom to make broad cloth. By 1800 it was estimated thatthere were 250000 handlooms in Britain.Kerala, the greenish land lies between the western ghat and Arabian Sea,about 15000 square miles with varying scenic beauty. Kerala is known as theepitome of India. Historically Kerala has long been a land of racial mixture andco-existence.The milestone i n Keral as his tory is t hat by fi rs t Christian c hurc h, Fi rs t Muslim mosque and first synagogue were established in Kerala. A number of historically important Hindu Temples can be seen in Kerala.Tolaracne and cosmopolitan out look are the characteristics of a Keralite.Thi s may be attributed to the religious and trade contrac t, whic h exi sted for c e n t u r i e s w i t h o u t s i d e I n d i a . H a n d i c r a f t h a n d l o o m w e a v i n g , i v o r y w o r k s , W eaving of coi r are well k nown heritage of Kerala.Kerala handloom i ndus trycarries a vital role in states economy as well as in the field of employment.

A very large number of looms are located in rural areas. The rhyth m of handloom can be heard in almost every village in Kerala. There are men andwomen weavers for whom weavi ng i s a wa y of li fe. In earl y days maj ority of handloom weavers followed the hereditary line. The main communities engagedin weaving are saliyas and devangas. With the available information it is clear that the saliyas and devangas migrated from the near by princely states.Earlier they were producing cloth for their own consumption and for theneed of thei r vill age. Increas e in produc ti on and i m prov ement i n trans port facilities removed the hindrances of time and easy the exchange of commodities.The skill of weaving has been passed from parents to children.During 15 th century, British, French and Portuguese people visited Kerala.The things like spices, ivory and beauty of handloom fabrics attracted them. Theybegan to purchase large quantities and exported to their countries.Germany has established a mission called Basal mission in 1829. This missionpaved the way of changing form home production to factory system. Apart fromthis, French people started to give training in weaving. The imported versatileloom and introduced principle designs from hooks. After the British captured India they took up and nourished handloomindustries fro the purposes. At the end of 18 th century the monopoly came to anend. Sinc e 19

th c entury wi th the adv ent of Indus trial revoluti on, The E ngl ish people gave up all. They started mechanical production in their land during thisperi od of forei gners the weav ers of Kerala l earned al tec hniques and theyparalleled the way for the production of furnishing fabrics according to the newstyle of demand.During the dawn of 20 th century, the Sree Narayana movement influencedKerala society by and large prompting the caste-based culture to change towards secular and modern industrious culture. So that many people from traditionalThiyya/Ezhava community had take up their employment in handloom industry todo away with the to day tapping to respond with the advice of Sree NarayanaGuru. These changes also have its own mark in making the present shape of Kerala handloom industry. It has resulted in the production of various types for artistic handloom goods in Kerala.The women all over India for their fineness of count and natural colours,texture and gold borders praise the Kerala Kasavu Sarees. Kerala is also knownfor its unbleached cotton handloom crepe popularly known as Kora cloth thishas entered in the foreign market and occupied a proud place in the garmentindustry.The secret of furnishing fabrics from Malabar is the excellent structure andtexture of the cl oth, unique c olour combination, wi de width (98 - 120 ) and craftsman ship. When we look back to the history of Kerala, it can be seen that in1498 vascode

Gama, the Portuguese navigator visited Calicut in Malabar. So it iswell known that 15 th century handloom cloths of excellent qualities were exportedto Asian and European countries.Balaramapuram, in Thiruvananthapuram district is the most historicallyi mportant place for handl oom fabri c s . The weav ers bel ong to sali yas weremigrated from Nagar Coil and Thi runalv eli i n Tamil Nadu duri ng the time of Balarama Varma before 250 Years. Here they produced super fine MundumN e r i y a t h u , f o r t h e n e e d o f r o y a l f a m i l y . S t i l l t h e y a r e e x i s t e n c e a n d c a r r y i mportant part of the total produc tion. The technique of producing s uperfin ef a b r i c s s p r e a d e d f r o m t h e m t o t h e l o c a l w e a v e r s i n B a l a r a m a p u r a m a n d surrounding places. Initially they were producing Mundu for men with 0.4cm of wi dth of Kara (c ross border) wi th bl ack yarn. Before 100 years the j eri from Surat takes to Balaramapuram and Kasavu Sarees production was started.

Koothampalli in Thrissur district is also well known for handloom fabric.Here Dev angas immi grated from Karnataka are e ngaged in weavi ng. The Kasavu Sarees, which are being produced here, is mostly with half fine jeri. Themiddle class people would like to purchase this sarees because of its cheapness.The price of a saree can be reduced from 5000

to 1000 by using half fine jeriinstead of pure jeri.C h e n d a m a n g a l a m , i n t h e E r a n a k u l a m d i s t r i c t i s a l s o a n i m p o r t a n t handl oom c enter i n Keral a. Here th ey hav e been produci ng the double and Mudnu and Neriyathu. The distinction of these fabrics is in its structure in theplain structure, they have producing a special effect in weft direction.

AREAWISEANALYSISOFHANDLOOM IN KERALA

Kerala has 14 districts from Thiruvananthapruam t o K a s a r g o d . T h e handloom i ndus try is s pread all ov er the state. But the handl oom i ndus try is concentrated in certain places. The southern Kerala is famous for its superfine produc ts, lik e sarees , dhothies and S et Mundu etc . The middl e Kerala als o engaged with such products. Btu while going to northern side called Malabar themain production changed to coarser verities like furnishing items, spreads, towelsetc. The common production in Kerala is Thorthu (bathing towel) and Lungies. Almost two lakhs of weavers are earning their livelihood from handloom 75% of the mare in the co-operative line. Almost five lakhs families are depending uponhandloom industry. A district wise analysis gives us a clear out idea about th e places wherehandlooms are concentrated and the places, which are important for traditionalverities. 1. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The c api tal c ity has its own his toric al importance. And i n the map of handloom also it has an important place. There are 349 societies and 44700weav ers are worki ng wi th thei r l ooms. The mai n products of dis trict are fine cotton textures; during with special design Balaramapuram is very famous for itsfi ne grey s arees wi th Kas av u (J eri ). The other produc ts here are s et mundu mundum neriyathum- (Traditional dress for a malayalee lady) Mundu (dhothi for men), Earez ha thorthu (bathi ng towel ) Mel mundu e tc. Other pl aces where handloom concentrations are Parassala the south most of Kerala where weaversare involved in

weaving of sarees, dhothis, etc. Cheravinkeezhu, Kulathur are theother places where handloom density places. Here also the productions are ase x p l a i n e d a b o v e b e r a n g e o f c o u n t s i s 6 0 s 1 2 0 s . T h e j e r i u s e d h e r e i s superfine one Project Report 2006Dept. of BBM 6. IDUKKI: In this district there are 11 societies and 414 weavers with their looms.The main products are sarees, lungies etc. 7. ERANAKULAM: Chennamangalam Sarees is famous in Kerala. This fine grey sarees arethe produc t of Eranakulam Di strict. The main products are super fi ne doubledhothies, syntheti c and sil k s arees , matc hi ng s et etc . In Parav oor 120s fine double dhothies are produced. In east Eranakulam, earzha thorthu, and cheaper variety bed sheets are produced. There are 30 societies and 8494 weavers withtheir looms. 8. THRISSUR: The c ultural capi tal of Kerala has an i mportant role i n the tradi ti on of Kerala. Here a tradi ti onal vari ety named Koothamp all y Saree is produced. Koothampally is a place situated in Thrissur. The productions are set mundu,woven with half fine jeri., Dhothies, Lungies are also produced in this district.There are 30 societies in Thrissur and 6052 weavers.

9. PALAKKAD: In this district is handloom weaving is very popular Chittur, Pudunagaram,Kollengode, Peruvemba, Karimpuzha are some of the handloom concentratedplace situated in the district. Here main products are sarees, dhothies, lungiesetc. here silk sarees production also started recently. There are 45 societies and11236 weavers depending on the handloom weavers with their looms. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad 13

Project Report 2006Dept. of BBM 10. MALAPURAM: A number of Muslim weavers are here. The main places are Tiro or, etc.The main products are furnis hi ng i tems , whic h in fluenced from Calic ut andsarees, lungie. There are 13 societies and 2774 weavers. 11. KOZHIKODE: The distri ct from Mal apuram to Kas aragod k nown as Mal abar. The famous Malabar loom came from this place only. The other famous of this placeis, in olden days famous calico cloth came from C alicut only. In olden daysforeigners establis hed s ome companies. Some of them remai ning now also. Common wealth Trust which is situated in Calicut is one such company. Themain products are mainly meant for export. Furnishing, Jacquard products, Bedsheet, Tablemats, coarser varieties etc. The products are mainly coming fromMalabar loom.The products from Kozhikode have an excellent value in domestic marketals o. The main c enters are Kozhikode, Qual andi , Vatak ara, Chombal, andManiyur etc. There are 41 societies (most of them are industrial societies) are inthis district. 12. WYANAD: There is not that much important in this high range. There are only four societies in this district and 136 weavers. The products will be a part of Calicutand Kannur.

13. KANNUR: Kannur is called as the Manchester of Kerala. The famous Kannur sportss hi rting, v ari eti es lik e crepe is the donati on of this distri ct. The weavers aremainly working industrial societies. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad 14

Project Report 2006Dept. of BBM For export of handloom products Kerala mainly depending upon the productsfrom Kannur. The main products are shirting, made-ups, Jacquard, Furnishing,Turkish towels, Sateen sheets, Crepe such export oriented and Lungies, Earzhathorthu etc for domes tic purpose. The products a re c oaser v arieti es Kannur Mundu are a popular variety.The main c enters are Kannur, Azhi kode, Chi rak k al, Kanhi rode, Iri nav, Morazha, Mayyil, Panoor, Kuthupara mbu, Kalyassery, and Pappinissery etc.There are 73 societies established in this district and with about 50 exporters inprivate sector together have, 13667 weavers working this field. 14. KASARAGOD: Kasaragod is the north most district in Kerala. Here sarees are producedand export varieties also produced here. Kasaragod, Mancheswaram are maincenters. 11 societies are here and 3401 weavers working in there societies.Kasaragod sarees are very famous in Kerala. Now a days there is a veryg o o d d e m a n d f o r t h e s i l k s a r e e s w o v e n w i t h d i f f e r e n t c o l o u r s p a t t e r n a n d ornamented sarees. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad 15

RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: To know about the administration and management of KWCS. To know about the production processes carried out in the KWCS.

 To know about the personnel policies of the KWCS. To known about the marketing strategies of the KWCS. To know about the quality control measures used by KWCS. To known about the financial policy of the KWCS. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Primary data is collected through personal intervi e w w i t h m a n a g e r , secretary, and other staff of the society. Interactions with various departmental heads and supervisors. Secondary data is collected from companys annual reports and other published materials. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY: A detailed study could not be made due to time constraints.

A comparative study with a similar concern was not made. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad 17

COMPANYPROFILE The Kanhi rode weav ers c o-operativ e P & S s oci ety is one of the mai nhandloom manufac turing uni t in Kerala. This s oci ety is regis tered as a co-operative society under the Act of VI of 1932 (Madras) on 16-9-1952 and startedits function on 0510-1952. At that item its paid up share capital was only 10,130Rupees. It is also known as weaveco.

The main object of the society is to provide regular employment to poor workers at a reasonable wages and there by improving the standard of living andeconomic conditions of the weavers.I n t h e i n i t i a l p e r i o d , t h e c o m p a n y a h s o n l y 2 0 0 m e m b e r s a n d t h e y produced Thorth and Pudava. They sold these products in their locality by theweavers. Later bullock cart have used to carry these goods.The society is engaged for manufacturing various kinds of cotton fabrics.Which is suitable for export market as well as local market. The 1964- 65s wasthe period, which gave the society a hope to shine in the textile world and theystarted to produce shirting, lower count lungies. Which were sold different partsof the country through agents.Duri ng 1973 74, the s oci ety s tarted to produci ng c repe fabri cs whic ha t t a c h e d o r d e r s o f m e r c h a n t e x p o r t e r s . T h e n a g a i n s t a r t e d p r o d u c t i o n o f furni shi ng fabrics s ui tabl e fo r export market and the produc ts to merchant exporters.T he Kanhirode weavers co-operative society is an ISO 9001-2000 certifiedcompany. It is the first ISO certified handloom co operative society in the state.The society has very good market for its products. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad 19

The societys address shall be Kanhirode village, Kanhirode post in theTaluk of Taliparamba, in the cannanore district. Its operation shall be confined toK a n h i r o d e a n d K u t t i a t o o r A m s a m i n T a l i p a r a m b a T a l u k , M u n d e r i a n d Anjarakandy Amsams in Kannur and Koodali in Tellichery Taluk.The company having workforce of 500 workers and 300 working looms with various width capacity from 48-90 inches. It includes five looms for silk. Theyare also having 30 stitching machines and two dehumidification rooms to keepthe geniuses of fabrics.Maj ority of the s oci ety employees are females. There by ens uri ng the economic freedom of the major households in around the locality.The company mainly producing different items like lungies, shirting, satenand printed bed sheet, bed spread, Dhothies, Towels, Thorth etc. for local marketand furnishing fabrics, jacquard items, shritings, crepe, bed sheet, table cover,Napkin, Cushion covers etc for export markets. For the last 8 years the companyengaged in direct exporting. The earn 75% of profit from international markets.They produced goods on the basis for customers requirement.For the diversification of products, the company had established a silkweavi ng c entre, and a jute devel opment c enter, qu ality dyei ng unit etc . thesociety had availed financial assistance from central and state government for the following purposes.1.Working capital for handloom development centre.2 . S i l k w e a v i n g u n i t . 3 . Q u a l i t y

draining u n i t . 4.Proj ec t pack age sc heme.5.J ute development c e ntre. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad 20

The important requirements for any business activities are land, labour,capital and organization. This company ahs permanent building and adequateworkforce, storage places and other working environment requirements as per t h e f a c t o r y a c t o f L a n d . T h e c o m p a n y a l s o h a s a d e q u a t e e q u i p m e n t s f o r manufacturing as well as other documentation requirements like computer andother acc ess ori es. Al these fac iliti es are v ery helpf ul i n the s uccess of thissociety.The society has a better working environment. The workers enjoy the bestworking atmosphere. Like space, machinery, wages etc. fabrics and made-upsmanufacturing is not hazardous to the personnel involved in it. How ever thec ompany s tric tl y supported to all mandatory requi re ments of s afety l ik e fire extinguishers, first aid facilities. LOCATION OF KWCS. Kannur, city of Looms and lores lies in northern part of Kerala. Thekanhirode weavers co operative P & S society Ltd. is located at Kudukkimotta. This place is 15KM away from Kannur and it is near to the Mattannur. VARIOUS FECILITIES AVAILABLE IN THE KWCS. Cabinet dyeing machine with capacity of 250 Kg. Dyeing chamber with capacity of 500 Kg.

 300 working looms with up to 90 inches. 10 numbers silk weaving loom width up to 90 inches. Dehumidification rooms for moisture control of fabrics. In house stitching unit with 30 numbers juki machines. Taliparamba Arts & Science College,Kanhirangad VISION OF KWCS A complete range of handloom fabrics inheriting ageold tradition of classic warp weft combinations importing modern chrematistics of conveniencewithout compromising up on the core values of quality.T h e f a b r i c r a n g e h a s b e e n c r e a t e d t h r o u g h a d e q u a t e r e s e a r c h a n d expertise that will enable Indian textile to acquire a competitive edge in globalmarket. AWARDS GOT BY KWCS: 1.The fi rst ISO 9001 -2000 c erti fi ed primary handl oom c o-opera tiv e soci ety i n the state.2 . T h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e s o c i e t y i n t h e field of craftsmanship was wella p p r e c i a t e d and awarded with GOLD MEDAL fo r t h e B E S T PERFORMACNE by the ministry of textiles, Govt. of India during 1993-94.3.T he Govt. of India had

s el ected this s oci ety for partici pati on i n i nternati onal Trade Fair at Frankfurt, Germany during 1995 and 2004.

MEMBERSHIP The liability of the members of the society shall be limited to the sharecapital subscribed by them.The capital of the society shall for the present be Rs 4000000/- made upof 40000 shares of Rs 100/- each. The value of each share shall be paid either inone lumsum on allotment, or installment, when paid in installment Rs 25/- shallbe paid at the time of taking share and the balance in five months commencingfrom the months subsequent to that in which share was taken. In the case of weaver members, installment maybe collected, as stipulated in bylaw 16 CA. Themonthly installments shall be paid on before 15 th day of the months to which itrelates. Application for admission as members and for allotment of shares shall bemade to the s ec retary in the form, if any, presc ri bed by the soc iety for thep u r p o s e . T h e B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s w h o s h a l l b e d isposed of by the Board of Directors who shall ha ve power to grant admission or to refuse it without assigning reasons shall dispose of every such application.Every member shall take at least one share, but no member shall takem o r e t h a n 5 0 s h a r e s . B u t t h i s a p p l i c a t i o n i s n o t a p p l i c a b l e f o r t h e s h a r e participation by the Government of Kerala. In very member except govt. of Keralashall pay on entrance fee or Rs 5/- for each share taken by him, at the time of taking the share, provided that the total payment of entrance fee by any member of all the shares held by him shall not exceed Rs. 5/-.No member shall be permitted to withdraw

any of the shares held by himin the society with in three years after the date when he took such shares. But amember may with draw shares with the consent of the board of directors after such period, provided, firstly that he has given at least six months notice of withdrawal, secondly that the total amount of share capital that is permitted to bewithdrawn in any one year does not exceed 10 percentage of the aggregate paidup s hare c apital of the s oci ety, as i t was on J une 30 th proceeding, thirdly thatthere are no debits due to the society and fourthly, that there are no debts due tothe society in regard to which he has stood surety. When a member withdrawsshares under this bylaw, he shall be paid back the share capital actually paid byhim with the dividend declared if any.The Govt. of Kerala shall have the right to withdraw the share participationin the society at any time with out assigning any reason thereof. A past member shall be liable as provided in bylaw 3 for the debts due bythe society, as they existed on the date when he ceased to be member, for aperiod of two years from such date.The estate of a deceased member shall be liable as provided in the bylaw3 for the debts due by the society, as they existed on the date of his decease for a period of two yeas after his decease.No member shall be permitted to transfer his share or shares or create acharge in respect of the same in favour of another member or person except withthe previous sanction of the Board of Directors.

MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIETY Subj ect to such res oluti ons as the general body may from time to time pass the Executive Management of the affairs of the society shall vest in a Boardof Directors. The Board of Directors shall consists of not more than a members of whom 7 members s hall be el ected as sti pulated in byl aw No. 20 and the two members shall be nominated by the District industries officer from his staff andthei r term of offic e s hall be s ubjec t to the di rection of the District Industri es Officer.The members of the board of directors shall be elected as per the rule 35of Kerala co-operative rules for a period of five years from among the membersfor the period of the members of the Board the year shall begins from the date of assumption of the office. A retiring member of the Board shall be eligible for re-election. After the member of the Board of Director are elected they shall electedfrom among themselves a president and a vicepresident. All the members of the Board of Directors shall vacate t heir offices onc ompl etion on thei r term of five years unle ss the period is extended by theRegistrar under sub-rule (2) of Rule 39 of the Kerala Co-operative Rules. All themembers of the board of directors shall be elected at one and the same time for the specified period of five years. Any interim vacancy or vacancies, which hasnot been filled, may be fill ed up by the el ection as per rul e 35 of Keral a c o operative rules for the unexpired portion of the original period. The proceedingsof the board of directors shall not be invalidated on account of any vacancy or vacancies of the board that remain unfilled. Any member of the board of directors may at any

time resign from hisoffice by sending a letter of resignation to the secretary of the society but such resignation shall take effect only from the date o f t h e s o c i e t y b u t s u c h resignation s hal l take effect onl y from the date on which it is ac cepted by t he board of directors. The board shall appoint a full time paid secretary from among suitablequalified persons approved by the general manager. District industries officer,Kannur. The secretary shall not have a seat in the board.The board of directors shall meet once a fortnight or oftener, if necessaryt o c o n d u c t t h e a f f a i r s o f t h e s o c i e t y . T h e p r e s i d e n t o r i n h i s a b s e n t . V i c e - president shall preside over the meeting of the board. In the absence of the botha chairman shall be elected from among the members present. The quorum for the directors meeting is four. All the questions before the board of directors shallbe deci ded by a maj ori ty of v otes. Shoul d there be an equality of v otes thepresident or other presiding members shall have a casting vote. No member of the board of directors shall be present at any meeting of the board of directorss h a l l b e present at a meeting of the board when any m a t t e r i n w h i c h h e i s personally interested 15 being discussed. In case of urgency where there maynot be sufficient time to convene a meeting of the Board of Directors and in allc as e i n whic h s uc h a procedure may from time the s ec retary may obtai n the orders of the Board of Directors by circulation of papers among members presentat the headquarters of the society such division arrived at by

circulation shall beplaced before the next meting of the board of directors for their rectification. Itshould a difference of opinion arise in the course of such circulation the member shall not be decided by the circulation but shall be placed before a meeting of theBoard of Directors. Any member of the Board of Directors who commits default in respect of aloan taken by him from the society shall ipso facto be considered disqualified tocontinue as an office bearer. But if the default has been for a period of 3 monthsor less, the defaulter may reinstated by the General body on his showing goodcause for the default. In no circumstances a defaulter continue to hold office as amember of the board of directors if his default has continued for more than three months. Receipt shall be issued for all moneys paid to the society. For moneyspaid by members the receipts shall be signed by the president or the secretary,or the manager who ever is selected by the board of directors to discharge hisfunction. In the case of borrowing from non-members or from other society thereceipt of the bond shall be execut ed by at least four members of the board of directors of whom the president shall be one.The board of Directors shall have power to prescribe from time to time thescale of office establishment and to inure such expenditure as may be necessaryfor the management of the society with reference to the scale and with in budgetallotment sanctioned by the general body for each year which will be subjected tothe approval of the Dy. Registrar. It shall be competent to the secretary to insurethe peti contingent expenditure subject to a maximum of Re. 1/- for any time. Theboard of directors shall be competent to fix the amount and nature of the securityif any, to be given by the office establishment, as prescribed by the Registrar.The services of the

members of the Board of Directors shall be gratuitousexc ept as prov ided under byl aw 50. They s hall be eligible for si tti ng fee for attending the board, sub-committee meeting and the president shall be eligiblefor a daily allowance for attending the office. The board of direc tors shall alsoeligible for Traveling allowance for the journey performed in connection with theaffai rs of the soci ety. The rate of si tting fees , dail y allowanc es and Travel ing allowances should be fixed by the committee and approved by the registrar.

1. Sri. 2. Sri. 3. Sri. 4. Sri. 5. Sri. 6. Sri. 7. Sri. 8. Smt.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF KWCS Kala Balan :President K. K. Narayanan : Vice President K. Rameshan :Director M. Pavithran :Director V. M. Rajan :Director P.P. Kumaran :Director P. P. Kumaran :Director P. Sumithra :Director