UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

*3040431261*

5070/02

CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 Theory

October/November 2007
1 hour 30 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials:

Answer Booklet/Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers on any lined pages and/or separate answer paper.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or
part question.

For Examiners Use

Section A
B7
B8
B9
B10
Total

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

SP (KN) T34460/4
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2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 45.

A1 Choose from the following gases to answer the questions below.

ammonia
butane
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
hydrogen
methane
nitrogen
nitrogen dioxide
oxygen
Each gas can be used once, more than once or not at all.
Which gas is
(a) the main constituent of natural gas,
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) used by plants in photosynthesis to form glucose,
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) produced when aqueous sodium nitrate is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide and
aluminium foil,
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) a product of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons,
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(e) produced by the Haber process,
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(f)

formed at the cathode when an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid is electrolysed?

......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]

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A2 A student set up the apparatus shown below.
cotton wool soaked in
concentrated aqueous ammonia

cotton wool soaked in

concentrated hydrochloric
acid
Colourless fumes of hydrogen chloride are given off by the hydrochloric acid.
Colourless fumes of ammonia are given off by the aqueous ammonia.
(a) After a few seconds, white fumes were seen at point X in the tube.
Name the compound formed at point X.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Use the kinetic particle theory to explain this observation.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) The student repeated the experiment using a solution of methylamine, CH3NH2, in place
of ammonia, NH3.
The white fumes were seen at point Y in the tube, rather than at point X.
Explain this difference.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

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A3 Germanium, Ge, is an element in Group IV of the Periodic Table. Some of its chemistry
resembles that of carbon.
(a) How many electrons does an atom of germanium have in its outer shell?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Germanium forms a range of saturated compounds with hydrogen. These compounds
resemble the alkanes.
(i)

Predict the general molecular formula for these compounds.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

Germanoethane, Ge2H6, has a similar structure to ethane.

Draw the full structural formula for germanoethane.

[1]
(iii)

Hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium germanide,

germanomethane, GeH4, and magnesium chloride.
Write an equation for this reaction.

Mg2Ge,

to

form

[1]
(c) Germanium(IV) oxide, GeO2, is an amphoteric oxide.
What do you understand by the term amphoteric?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) An aqueous solution of germanium(II) chloride reduces iron(III) ions to iron(II) ions.
Describe a test for iron(II) ions and give the result.
test ...................................................................................................................................
result ............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]

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BLANK PAGE

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A4 In recent years scientists have made tube-shaped structures of carbon called nanotubes.

carbon atom

(a) State two differences between the structure of a carbon nanotube and the structure of
diamond.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Carbon nanotubes are fifty times stronger than steel.
Use ideas about structure and bonding to suggest why these nanotubes are so strong.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Carbon nanotubes are good electrical conductors.
(i)

State the name of another form of carbon which can conduct electricity.
..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

Carbon nanotubes conduct electricity nearly as well as copper.

Explain why copper is a good conductor of electricity.
..............................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) Another form of carbon is buckminsterfullerene.

carbon atom
Argon can be trapped inside the cage-like structure of buckminsterfullerene.
(i)

Explain why argon is unreactive.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

One isotope of argon is

38
18 Ar.

Calculate the number of neutrons in this isotope of argon.

..............................................................................................................................[1]
(e) Recently, chemists have been trying to attach atoms of transition elements to
buckminsterfullerene to make more efficient catalysts.
State two properties, other than catalysis, which distinguish transition elements from
other metals.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]

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8
A5 Red grapes contain a number of coloured pigments.
Some red grapes are crushed and the pigments extracted with a solvent. The deep red
solution contains a mixture of pigments.
(a) Name the technique used to separate the pigments in this mixture and draw a labelled
diagram of the apparatus you would use.
name of technique ...........................................................................................................

[3]

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(b) Tartaric acid can also be extracted from grape juice.
The structure of tartaric acid is shown below.
OH OH
HO2C

(i)

CO2H

Deduce the empirical formula of tartaric acid.

..............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii)

A solution of tartaric acid was titrated with 0.100 mol/ dm3 potassium hydroxide.
C2H2(OH)2(CO2H)2 + 2KOH
tartaric acid

C2H2(OH)2(CO2K)2 + 2H2O

It required 6.00 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide solution to neutralise 20.0 cm3 of
tartaric acid. Calculate the concentration, in mol / dm3, of the tartaric acid solution.

....................................mol/dm3 [3]
(iii)

Tartaric acid is purified by recrystallisation.

On analysis, 8.00 g of impure tartaric acid was found to contain 7.40 g of pure
tartaric acid. Calculate the percentage purity of the impure tartaric acid.

..............................................% [1]
[Total: 8]

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A6 The diagram shows the inside of a firework rocket.

stars containing solid

fuel and colour agents

rocket motor containing

black powder
fuse
stick

(a) Black powder is a mixture of charcoal, potassium nitrate and sulphur.

When black powder is ignited, the potassium nitrate decomposes to form potassium
nitrite, KNO2, and oxygen.
Write the equation for the decomposition of potassium nitrate.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The oxygen liberated by the potassium nitrate oxidises the sulphur to sulphur dioxide.
State one harmful effect of sulphur dioxide on the environment.
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The gases produced by the burning charcoal and sulphur cause the rocket to move
upwards.
Explain why the charcoal and sulphur in the rocket motor are present as small grains
rather than as large lumps.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) Sodium sulphate is often used in fireworks to give yellow sparks.
Describe a test for sulphate ions and give the result.
test ...................................................................................................................................
result ............................................................................................................................[2]

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(e) Potassium chlorate(V), KCl O3, is often used in fireworks to produce flash and noise
effects.
(i)

For
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An aqueous solution of potassium chlorate(V) is a good oxidising agent.

Describe a chemical test for an oxidising agent and state the result.
test ...........................................................................................................................
result ....................................................................................................................[2]

(ii)

When potassium chlorate(V) reacts as an oxidising agent, the chlorate(V) ions are
reduced to chloride ions.

Cl O3

+ 6H+ + 6e Cl + 3H2O

How does this equation show that the chlorate(V) ion gets reduced?
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 9]

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Section B
Answer three questions from this section.
The total mark for this section is 30.

B7 The exhaust from an internal combustion engine contains the pollutant gases carbon monoxide
and nitrogen dioxide.
(a) Many vehicles have a catalytic converter fitted on their exhaust systems.
Describe the chemical reactions which occur in the catalytic converter to reduce the emissions
of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide.
[3]
(b) Unburnt hydrocarbons such as heptane, C7H16, are oxidised in the catalytic converter. Write
an equation for the complete combustion of heptane.
[1]
(c) Carbon monoxide reacts with nickel to form a compound containing nickel, carbon and oxygen
only. Analysis of 5.70 g of this compound showed that it contained 1.97 g nickel, 1.60 g carbon
and 2.13 g oxygen.
Determine the empirical formula of this compound.
[3]
(d) Nickel is used in the manufacture of margarine to catalyse the reduction of unsaturated
vegetable oils to saturated oils.
(i)

(ii)

What do you understand by the following terms?

catalyst
unsaturated

[2]

What other reactant is needed to convert an unsaturated oil into a saturated oil?

[1]

[Total: 10]

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B8 Propanoic acid, C2H5CO2H, is a weak acid.
(a) Explain what is meant by the term weak acid.

[1]

(b) Propanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate. Write the equation for this reaction.

[1]

(c) Magnesium reacts with propanoic acid to form magnesium propanoate and hydrogen.
Mg + 2C2H5CO2H

(C2H5CO2)2Mg + H2

A student added 4.80 g of magnesium to 30.0 g of propanoic acid.

(i)
(ii)

Which one of these reactants, magnesium or propanoic acid, is in excess?

Explain your answer.

[2]

Calculate both the number of moles of hydrogen and the volume of hydrogen formed at
r.t.p.
[2]

(d) Terylene has the simplified structure shown.

O

(i)

State the functional groups on the monomers used to make Terylene.

[1]

(ii)

State the type of polymerisation that occurs when Terylene is made.

[1]

(iii)

State one large scale use of Terylene.

[1]

(e) Many problems are caused by the disposal of plastics.

Describe one method of disposal of a plastic and a problem caused by this method.

[1]

[Total: 10]

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B9 One of the first buses to use hydrogen as a fuel was operated in Erlangen, Germany, in 1996. The
hydrogen was stored in thick pressurised tanks on the roof of the bus.
(a) Describe two advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel rather than petrol.

[2]

(b) Suggest one disadvantage of using hydrogen as a fuel.

[1]

(c) Some buses use hydrogen to generate electrical energy from a fuel cell.
The structure of a typical fuel cell is shown.
external
circuit
hydrogen
gas

oxygen
gas
electrolyte

porous carbon
anode

porous carbon
cathode

water
(i)

The equation for the reaction at the anode is shown.

H2(g) + 2OH(aq)

2H2O(l) + 2e

What type of reaction is this? Explain your answer.

(ii)

[1]

At the cathode oxygen reacts with water to form hydroxide ions. Write an ionic equation
for this reaction.
[1]

(d) In some fuel cells an acidic electrolyte is used.

2H+(aq) + 2e

anode reaction:

H2(g)

cathode reaction:

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

2H2O(l)

(i)

Write an overall equation for the reaction occurring in this fuel cell.

[1]

(ii)

Suggest a suitable electrolyte for this fuel cell.

[1]

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(e) An electric current can also be generated by a simple electrochemical cell such as the one
shown.

magnesium

copper

electrolyte
(magnesium sulphate)

(i)

Explain why the flow of electrons is in the direction shown in the diagram.

[2]

(ii)

Suggest why silver nitrate would not be a good electrolyte to use in this cell.

[1]
[Total: 10]

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B10 Soda-lime glass is made by heating a mixture of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and sand
in a furnace to a high temperature.
Other glasses contain compounds called silicates. The simplified structures of a silicate and sodalime glass are shown.
O

Si
O

Si
O

Si

Si

Si

Si
Si

Si
O

Si

Si

Si

Na

Si

Si

O
Na

O
O

Si

Si

O
O

Si

O
Si

Si

Si

Ca2+ O

Si

Si
O

Na+

Si

Si
O

+
O Na

O
O

Si

Si

Si

2+

Ca

Si

Si

Si
+

Si

Si

Si

Na+
Si

Si
O

Si

O
Si

silicate

soda-lime glass

(a) Describe two differences between the silicate and the soda-lime glass.

[2]

(b) When soda-lime glass is melted, it conducts electricity.

Use the information in the diagram to explain this fact.

[1]

(c) Calcium carbonate decomposes in the furnace.

Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
Include state symbols.

[1]

(d) Some types of glass contain lead ions, Pb2+.

Dishwasher powders are highly alkaline.
(i)

Which ion is responsible for alkalinity?

[1]

(ii)

When glasses containing lead ions are washed repeatedly in a dishwasher they go
slightly white in colour.
Suggest a chemical explanation for why the glass goes white. Write an equation for the
reaction which occurs.
[2]

(e) Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid.

Describe how you would investigate the rate of reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric
acid. Give a brief description of the apparatus you would use and the measurements you
would make.
[3]
[Total: 10]

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Magnesium

Sodium

Calcium

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Strontium

Key

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series

Actinium

Ac

89

Ra

Radium

88

Fr

Francium

87

Hafnium

Lanthanum

72

Hf

57

178

40

Zirconium

Zr

91

Titanium

139

Yttrium

22

48

Ti

La

39

89

Scandium

21

227

Barium

Caesium

56

Ba

Cs

45

Sc

226

55

137

133

38

Rubidium

37

88

Sr

85

Rb

20

Potassium

19

40

Ca

39

12

24

Mg

23

Na

Beryllium

Lithium

11

Be

II

Li

51

93

Ta

181

Niobium

Nb

90

58

73

52

96

Mo

184

Protactinium

Thorium

55

Tc

Re

186

144

Nd

92

60

Uranium

238

Neodymium

75

Rhenium

43

Technetium

25

Manganese

Mn
27

59

28

59

29

64

30

65

Ru

101

Iron

Pm

Osmium

Os

190

Np
93

Neptunium

61

Promethium

76

44

Ruthenium

26

56

Fe

150

Sm

Pu
94

Plutonium

62

Eu

152

Platinum

Am
95

Americium

63

Europium

78

Pt

Iridium

195

Ir

46

Palladium

Pd

106

Nickel

Ni

192

Samarium

77

45

Rhodium

Rh

103

Cobalt

Co

Gd

157

Gold

Au

197

Silver

96

64

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

79

47

Ag

108

Copper

Cu

201

Bk

Terbium

Tb

159

Mercury

Hg

97

Berkelium

65

80

48

Cadmium

Cd

112

Zinc

Zn

11

Dy

162

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

Cf
98

Californium

66

Es

Holmium

Ho

165

Lead

Pb

207

Tin

99

Einsteinium

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

32

Germanium

Ge

73

Silicon

In

Gallium

Dysprosium

81

49

31

70

Ga

14

28

Si

Carbon

27

Aluminium

13

12

Al

Boron

B
7

14

75

Sb

122

Arsenic

As

Bi

209

Fermium

Fm

Erbium

Er

167

Bismuth

100

68

83

51

Antimony

33

15

Phosphorus

31

Nitrogen

N
8

Se

79

Sulphur

32

Oxygen

Po

169

Md

Thulium

Tm

101

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

52

Tellurium

Te

128

Selenium

34

16

16

O
9

Yb

173

Astatine

At

Iodine

127

Bromine

Br

80

Chlorine

No
102

Nobelium

70

Ytterbium

85

53

35

17

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

19

Lr

Lutetium

Lu

175

Radon

Rn

Xenon

Xe

131

Krypton

Kr

84

Argon

Ar

40

Neon

103

Lawrencium

71

86

54

36

18

10

Ne

20

Helium

Hydrogen

VII

VI

He

IV

III

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

91

Pa

Th

232

Praseodymium

Cerium

59

141

Pr

140

74

Tungsten

42

Molybdenum

24

Chromium

Cr

Ce

Tantalum

41

23

Vanadium

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

20