WOMAN MUSLIM LEADERS

and
FEMALE LEADERS IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES
throughout the times


624 Opposition Leader Hind al-Hunnud, Arab World
A member of the Quaish Tribe in the Kingdom of Kindah, she was one of the
leaders of the opposition to Muhammed. She led a battle against him in
624, where her father and brother were killed and she then led a battle of
vengeance against Muhammed. In the end she submitted to him and
became a Muslim convert.


631-56 Politically Influential 'A'ishah Bint Abi Bakr, Arab World
Aishah was a powerful force in the political turmoil that followed the death
of her husband, the Prophet Muhammed. She became very important for
her role in the civil war, where she was defeated and captured in a battle in
656 and only released on promising to abandon political life. Her religious
teachings became important for the Shiite branch of the Muslim faith. She
lived (613-78).


681 Khanum Pisutu of Uighuristan (Central Asia)
The Uighur Khans governed portions of Central Asia in the centuries
immediately following the Muslim expansion, and then fade from view. It is
not entirely clear that the Turkic people called Uighurs who now dwell
mostly in Western China are the same folk; the name is the same, but it
could have been adopted by later-arriving tribes. The country was invaded
by the Got Turks in 681.


Ca 690-701 Queen Dahlia al-Chain of the Moors (Berbian tribe in
Tunisia)
Her name means the "priestess" or the "prophetess", and she assumed
personal command of the Barbarian forces, and under her leadership, the
Arabs were briefly forced to retreat, but since the Arabs were relentless, she
ordered a scorched earth policy. After her defeat, Dahia al-Kahina took her
own life, and sent her sons to the Arab camp with instructions that they
adopt Islam and make common cause with the Arabs. Ultimately, these
men participated in invading Europe and the subjugation of Spain and
Portugal.


720-.. De facto Joint Ruler Hababa of Bagdad (Iraq)
She was slave singer of the 9th Ummayyad Caliph, Yarzid II Ibn 'Abd al-
Malik who was hostage to her carm. She choked on a pomegranate seed
and he died of grief a few weeks later. Later historians stigmatized him and
held him in contempt for letting himself be infatuated by a slave.


734-41 Khatun and Regent Mo-ki-lien of Mong (Mongolia)
Is known as Khatun Mo-ki-lien, which was the name of her husband. He was
poisoned by his minister, and she acted as regent for their son, Yu-jan, who
was again succeeded by her minor brother, Tngri Khagan, who died in 741.


Ca. 774 Governor Cara Zon of Carcasson (Spain)
A Marurian-Arab Princess. She defended the city-state against Charles the
Great.


775-809 Politically Influential Caliph-Consort Al-Haizuran of Bagdad
(Iraq)
Also known as Khayzuran (literally, Bamboo) she was a slave, born most
likely in Yemen, and gained substantial influence during the reigns of her
husband, al-Mahdi (775-785), who allowed her to make many important
royal decisions. After his death, it was Khayzuran who kept the peace by
paying off the Caliph's army in order to maintain order. She arranged for
the accession of her son, al-Hadi, even when he was away from the capitol.
When al-Hadi proved less tolerant of Khayzuran's political maneuverings
than had al-Mahdi, it was speculated that it was Khayzuran who arranged
his murder in favour of her second, more tolerant son, Harun. Whatever the
truth, Khayzuran is more fondly remembered than many of the caliphs
themselves.


908-32 Politically Influential Shaghab of Baghdad (Iraq)
Succeeded in maneuvering the religious and military elite into recognizing
her only 13 year old son, Muqtadir, as caliph. She had origially been a
slave.


926 Regent Dowager Empress Shul Hatun of Qidan
(China and of Mongolia)
Also known as Khatun Shu-l Shih of Purtmish, she was
regent after the death of her husband Abaoji until her son
Yaoku was elected as his successor as ruler of The Qidan
nationality, which originally dwelt in the upper reaches of the
mountains. It was nomadic and its main activities were
fishing and hunting.


Around 950 Queen Yehudit of the Falasha Agaw (Ethiopia)
Also known as Yodit, Esato or Judith, she attacked the Christian southern
provinces of Ethopia as far as the mountains of Tigre around 975. The
Ethiopians saw her invasion as a punishment for having failed to be
obedient to their Coptic patriarch. While the Agaw held power, the Amhara
and Tegre culture entered a "dark age" about which little is known, and a
large part of the Ethiopian civilization was lost or destroyed during this time.


Until 970 Princess Alan-Goa of the Hori-Tumat Dynasty in Mongolia
Succeeded by Bodonchar


Around 976 Politically Influential Dowager Queen of Persia (Iran)
Together with vizier Abu'l-Husain 'Abd-Allah ibn Ahmad 'Utbi, she assisted
her son, Nuh II ibn Mansur, of the Samanid Dynasty (d. 997) who ascended
to the throne as a youth.


981 Regent Hint bint Ishaq of Thima (Arabia)


997-1028/29 Regent for the Caliph-Governor Sayuda Sirin Hatyn of
Gabal of Persia
Reigned in the name of both her son and grandson, both of the Bayide
Dynasty


Around 1000 Leader Badit bint Maja of the Politically Organized
Islamic Society (Ethiopia)
Either leader of a tribe or substate-entity.


1020-24 Regent Naib us Sultanat Sitt al-Moluk of Egypt
Also known as the Lady of Cairo, her name means "Lady of Power", and
assumed power after having arranged the "disappearance" of her brother
Imam Hakim bin Amr Allah. She had his son al-Zahir proclaimed Imam and
Caliph and she became regent. She appointed competent ministers,
managed to setting the economy in order and brought peace to the country.
(d. 1024)


1046-62 Regent The Caliph-Mother of Egypt
For the Fathamide-Caliph. She was a Sudanese ex -slave.


1061-1107 Joint Ruler al-qa'ima bi mulkini Zainab al-Nafzawiyya of
the Berber Empire (Northern Africa)
Contemporary sources name her "the one in charge of her husband's
realm", and she was joint ruler with her husband, Yusuf Ibn Tashfin of an
Empire covering most of Northern Africa.


1084-1137 Regent Dowager Sultana Saiyida Hurra Arwa bint Ahmad
as-Sulayhi of Tihama (Arabia)
Ruled in the name of Saba, who died in 1197/99 and then reigned alone,
though together with other co-regents. From sometime in the 1130s she
was the sole ruler. She was succeeded by Sultan al-Mansur bin al Mugaddal.


1086-94 Regent Dowager Queen Khanum of the
Tanguts (Dangxiang)(China and Mongolia)
Regent for son Li Qianshum (1086-1139), who ruled in Jingbian/Ningxian.


Until 1087 Co-Ruler al-Sayyida al-Hurra Malika Asma Bint Shibab al-
Sulayhiyya of Yemen
Her title means "The Most Noble Lady who is independent, the woman
sovereign who bows to no superior authority, Queen". She was married to
Sultan Ali al-Sulahi, who entrusted much of the management of the realm
to her. She also enjoyed the privilege of the Khutba - having the Friday's
prayer preached in her name - the ultimate proof of sovereignty. In 1067
her husband was taken prisoner on a pilgrimage to Mecca and she was
taken prisoner by the Bane Najah family, when she was released she
continued to direct her son's rule along with her daughter-in-law 'Arwa, until
her death in 1087.


1091-1138 Co-Ruler al-Sayyida al-Hurra Malika 'Arwa bint Ahmad
al-Salayhiyya of Yemen
The wife of al-Mukarram Ahmad (1067-84), she was joint ruler with her
mother-in-law Queen Asma. After her husband's death she became ruler in
her own name, having the Friday's Prayers said in her name. She lived
(1047-1137).


1092-94 Regent Dowager Princess Turhan Hatun of
Seljuk Persia (Iran)
The Seljuqs were a Turkish people whose history begins
around the year 1000, by which time they were the
dominant presence in Transoxiana and Turkestan. They
overran the western part of the Ghaznavid Emirate in 1040,
and shortly thereafter took over all of Persia and
Mesopotamia from the Buwayhids. The death of Sanjar in
1118 signaled the decline of the Great Seljuq Empire, which
broke up into several smaller states.


1107-24 Regent Dowager Sultana of the Seljuk-Principality of
Malatya in Anatolia (Turkey)
Widow of Sultan Kilj Arslan, and married to three Turkish chiefs in
succession who acted as guardians of her son, Sultan Tughril Arslan. In
1124 the principality was concord by the Danishmendide-Turks.


Ca. 1120-30 Ruler Al-Hurra Alam al-Malika of Zubayd (Yemen)
A singer or slave of the king Mansur ibn-Najah (Ca. 1111-23), who was so
impressed by her political astuteness that he placed her in charge of the
realm's management and "made no decisions without consulting her". In
1123 he was poisoned by his vizier Mann Allah, but Alam continued to
govern but she never had the Khutba proclaimed in her name at the Friday
night prayer. Zybayd was a principality in western Yemen near San'a, with
whom it was in a perpetual state of war. The title of al-hurra was bestowed
on women who were active in politics, but did not denote Queenship.


1142 Regent Dowager Khanum Ta-pu-yen of Qara Khitai
(Turkestan)
After the death of her husband, Ta-pu-yen, she was regent for her son Ye-l
Yi-lie.


1151-77 Khanum Regnant Tabuyan Ta-Pu-Yen
Gantian Huanghou of Qara Khitai (Turkestan now
Kyrgyzstan)
Leader of the Central Asian Khanate in what today is partly
Kyrgyzstan and partly Chinese Turkestan the region Sinkiang
Uighur Autonomous Region/Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu. The state
was founded by the Khitan ruler Yeh-l Ta-shih when he
conquered the Kharakhanid Turks in 1137. In 1141 Yeh-l
consolidated his conquest by defeating the Great Seljuk
sultan Sanjar near Samarkand. The khanate was weakened
in about 1200 by attacks from the Khwarizm shahdom and in
1218 it collapsed precipitately when the Mongols invaded.
The governmental institutions of Qara Khitai were taken
over by the Mongols to form the foundations of their own
imperial administration.


1163-77/78 Dowager Khanum Regnant Yel Pusuwan Chengtian
Taihou of Qara Khitai (Turkestan)
In the 1120s China's Liao Dynasty was ousted by the Liaos, or Khitans, and
were driven west into Central Asia, where, after defeating the Seljuq Turks
of Persia under the Sultan Sanjar in 1141, they founded the Qara-Khitai
Empire with Samarkand as its capital covering present day's Mongolia,
Northern-China, Kyrgyzstan and other central Asian territories.


1170/72 Regent Dowager Sultan Turhan of Hwarizim Sahi of
Uiguristan (China and Kazakstan)
Reigned for Sultan Sah Abdl Quasim Mahmud 1170/72, who was deposed
as ruler of the kingdom. The origin of Uigur ethnic group can be traced back
to the nomadic people living around Lake Baikal and the area between the
Irtish River and Lake Balkhash in the third century B.C. During the long
history, these people amalgamated the north and south Xinjiang (China),
Mongolian, Han and Tibetan clans. And the present Uigur ethnic group came
into being. The Uigur has its own language and alphabet, which belongs to
the Turki Austronesian, Altai Phylum. In their language, "Uigur" means
"solidification and union". The Uigurs rely heavily on agriculture as their
main source of survival. They plant cotton, wheat, corn and paddy. The
largest grape base of China is also located in the Turpan Basin.


1172-74 Politically I nfluential Terken Khatun (I) of the Khwarezmian
Empire (Iran)
After the death of her husband, Shah Il-Arslan, his sons began fighting
over who would succeed him. Sultan Shah was the younger son, but he
was considered the formal heir and she placed him on the throne. The
elder son, Tekish, fled to the Qara Khitai and was given a large army, and
he soon set off for Khwarazm. She and her son decided to flee, and Tekish
installed himself in Khwarazm unopposed in December 1172, but she
gained the support of Mu'ayyad al-Din Ai-Aba, a former Seljuk Amir who
had set himself up in Nishapur since the collapse of Seljuk power there, he
led an army into Khwarazm, but was defeated, captured and executed. Her
son eventually found refuge with the Ghurids, but she was hunted down
and killed by Tekish's forces.


1200-20 De-facto Co-Ruler Terken Khatun (II) of Khwarezmian
Empire (Iran)
After the death of her partner, 'Ala' al-Din Tekish (1172-1200), she so
dominated the court of their son, 'Ala' al-Din Muhammad II (1200-20) and
quarreled so bitterly with his heir by another wife, Jalal al-Din, that she
may have contributed to the impotence of the Khwarazmshahi kingdom in
the face of the Mongol onslaught. She had a separate Divan and separate
palace and the orders of the sultan were not considered to be effective
without her signature. The Shah ruled the heterogeneou peoples without
mercy. In face of Mongol attacks, Khwarazm empire, with a combined
army of 400.000, simply collapsed. Harezmshah Muhammed had
retreated to Samarkand towards the end of his domination and he had to
leave the capital city of Gurgen to her.


1208-20 Queen Ahmadilidyn of the Urmiya Dynasty of Persia
Succeeded her father as head of the Ahmadilit-dynasty.


121?-18 Ruler Salbak Turhan of Uiguristan (Kazakstan)
The Qara-Khitai Empire with Samarkand as its capital covering present
day's Mongolia, Northern-China, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian
Territories. In 1210 the Qara-Khitai Empire lost Transoxiana to the
Khwarazim Shahdom, previously a vassal. The empire ended in 1218, when
it was annexed by the Mongol Empire of Chingiz Khan.


1218 Regent the Dowager Sultana of the Selsjuks in
Aleppo (Syria)
Widow of Al-Zahir for son al-Aziz. Her troops was involved in
the fight against the crusaders.


1236-40 Sultan Galalat ad-Din Begum Radiya bint
Shamas al-Din Iltutmish of the Delhi Sultanate (Most
of Northern India)
Also known Razia Begum or Radiyya Altamish, she was The
daughter of the first Mameluk king of Delhi, Sultan Ilutmish,
she came to the throne after deposing her brother and
having him killed. She used the title al-dunya wa al
din, which can be translated into "the blessed of the earthly
world and of the faith". She was a very able leader and
military commander, but was deposed and executed in
1246/47.


1236-42 Regent Dowager Princess Dayfa Khatun bint al-Adil
Muhammadn of Yamkhad (Syria)
Dayfat Hatun was the widow of ad az-Zahir Ghazi Ghiyath ud-Din I, who
ruled (1186-1216) and after the death of her son, al-'Aziz Muhammad
Ghiyath ud-Din II (1216-1236) she became regent for her grandson al-Nasr
II Yusuf Salah ad-Din (1236-1260). The capital of the Kingdom was Aleppo,
an ancient city in northwestern Syria, about 130 km east of Antiochia.


From 1237 Regent the Dowager Sultana of the Selsjuks in Aleppo
(Syria)
for Sultan al-Nazir, fighting with the Latin kings and counts in the area.


1241-... Joint Ruler Empress Kassi of Mali
According to custom, the emperor and the principal wife ruled jointly. She
was married to her paternal cousin, Suleyman (1241-60), and was
extremely popular with the royal court. After her husband divorced her in
order to marry the commoner Bendjou, she rallied support of the noble
ladies, who refused to pay homage to the new Empress. Kassi was then
forced to seek refuge in a mosque, where she initiated a revolt, which
ended in the defeat of her Faction.


1241-48 Grand Khanum Regnant Trgn of the Qagans of China
Also known as Tregene Khtn, she was head of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty,
which ruled most of China and Chinese Turkestan. Her son, Guyuk, was
Khan 1246-48.


1242-46 Regent Dowager Khanum Ebskn of Qara Khitai
(Turkestan)
For Qara Hlg. The dynasty used to rule over a vast empire, but had been
forced back to present day's Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.


1248-51 Empress Khanum Hatun Ogul Gamys of The Yuan Dynasty
in China
Also known as Oghul Qamish or Ghaimish. After the death of her husband,
Greath Khan Gyk, she became regent for her three young sons Qucha,
Naqu and Qughu and thereby became ruler over parts of China, Mongolia,
Tibet, Kazakstan and Turkestan. In 1250 she received three envoys of Louis
IX of France. She accepted their presents as a tribute and demanded that
the king of France made more explicit submission to her. In 1251 fighting
broke out between rival Factions of the ruling family, she was convicted of
sorcery, sewn up in a sack and drowned in 1252.


1249-50 Regent Shajarat al-Dur of Egypt and Syria
1250 Sultan Regnant (Queen of the Muslims)
1250-57 Co-ruler
In 1249, the French army under Louis IX of France attacked
Egypt. Shagrat who was regent for her husband Salih, who
was in Damascus, organized the defence of the realm. After
her husband's death his son Turan became ruler, but she
retained control, and defeated the Crusaders at Damietta.
The leaders of the army plotted against Turan and have him
murdered. On May 2, 1250, they put Shagrat al-Durr on the
throne, thus beginning the Mamluk dynasty. As sultan she
has coins struck in name, and she is mentioned in weekly
prayers in mosques. These two acts only can be done for the
person who carries the title of sultan, but the Caliphate at
Baghdad did not approve of Shagrat, who stepped down
after for only two months. But she married her successor
Aibak, a Mamluk soldier. Reports tell of their great love for
one another, and for seven years she continued to rule. An
historian who lived at the time comments: "She dominated
him, and he had nothing to say." Shagrat continued to sign
the sultan's decrees, has coins struck in both their names,
and dared to be addressed as Sultana. She was killed 1257
apparently after having murdered her husband.


1252-61 Regent Dowager Khanum Organa Hatum of the Khanate of
the Eastern Turkiut (Xinjiang) and of Qara Khitai (China, Mongolia,
Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan) and of Khurasan
(Iran)
Head of the Ghafa Sid Horde (or Qara Khitai/ Chagataiid Horde) and ruled
over a vast territory after the death of Qara Hulegu as successor of Qara
Hulegu, who reigned 1247-52 and 1252. She was succeeded by Khan
Alughu. Her name also spelled as Orqina Khatum.


1255-57 Regent Dowager Khanum Boraqcin of Hwarizim Sahi (or
the Khanate of Kipchak) (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan)
Widow of Batu, who was khan (1227-55). When he died in 1255 his son and
heir, Sartaq, had gone to pay court to Grand Khan Mongka, his father's
friend. But he died before he could return home to the Khanate of Kipchak.
Mongka nominated the young prince Ulagci, who was either the brother or
son of Sartaq, and made Boraqchin regent of the Mongol tribe (The Golden
Horde) in West Turkestan, roughly covering present day Kazakhstan and
Uzbekistan.


1257-82 Regent Dowager Sultan Turhan Hatun 'Ismat
ad-Duyan Wal-Din of Qutlug Khan (Iran)
Also known as Qutlug or Kutlugh, she ruled as regent for son
Sultan Haggag (Haa) until 1267, and afterwards
alone. She had the khutba (prayer for the sovereign)
proclaimed in the mosques, the ultimate sign of legitimate
reign. She was deposed by Ahmad Teguder and replaced by
her stepson as ruler of Qutluq Khan or Kirman. Her
daughter, Padisha, later reigned the Kingdom of Kirman.


1260-62 Regent Dowager Princess Turhan Hatun of Banu-Salgar
(Iran)
The Mongol Empire after 1260 laid fragmented as the four Mongol states -
the Golden Horde in the west, Il-Khans in Persia, Chagatai empire in
Mongolia, and Kublai Khan in China - and the Mongols in Persia were further
divided into a number of smaller states in addition to the Il-Khans. One of
them was Banu-Salgar.


1261-63 Regent Dowager Princess Terken Khatun of Fars (Iran)
After the death of her husband, Atabeg Sa'd II bin Abi Bakr bin Sa'd bin
Zangi, she was duly confirmed by ruler of Fars by the Ilkhan Hleg. She
then married a kinsman, presumably as part of some now forgotten
dynastic pact, but he killed her in a drunken frenzy and subsequently
rebelled against the Ilkhan. After his defeat and death in 1263/64, Hleg
nominated her infant daughter, Abish Khatun to be the ruler of Fars.


1263-75 Atabeg Regnant Abisha Hadud Khatun of Fars
(Iran)
1283-87 Governor of Fars
Also known as Abish Khatun or Aubee Khatton, she was
nominated as ruler by the Ilkhan of the Khwarazham Empire
in Persi, after her mother, Terken Khatun, was killed. Her
name was read in the khutha and struck on the coinage. In
1274, when she was about fifteen, she was taken to the
Ilkhan'sordu (Court), and married to Tash-Mngke (Meng
Temr), a younger son of Hleg This was a marriage,
forbidden in Islamic law, between a Muslim woman and a
shamanist, but presumably the will of the Ilkhan transcended
all other considerations. She became his chief wife and had
two daughters by him, Krdjin and Alghanchi. When her
husband was sent as governor to Fars, she was retained in
the ordu,but 1283, the new Ilkhan, Ahmad Tegder (1282-
84), recalled him from Shiraz and appointed her in his place.
Her financial recklessness, coinciding with a drought
throughout Fars, meant that she defaulted on her revenue
payments, so that Ahmad Tegder's successor, Arghun
(1284-91), ordered her to appear at the ordu. Perhaps
relying on the good offices of ljei Khatun, Hleg's widow,
to protect her from the Ilkhan's wrath, she declined to go
and behaved outrageously toward the officials sent to
supersede her. She was eventually forced to capitulate and
submitted to the Ilkhan (ljei Khatun did indeed intercede
for her), dying at the ordu in 1287, after having lived (ca.
1269-87).


1285-87 Maat Layla Sultan of Harrar (Ethiopian Sup state)
Succeeded her brother as head of the Semitic speaking Islamic Ethiopian
Boarder State.


1291-95 Safwad al dunya wa ad-Din Padshah Hatun of Qutlugh
Khan (Iran)
Padshah became ruler and took the title Safwad al dunya wa ad-Din (Purity
of the earthly world and of the faith) after Djalal da-Din Abu'l-Muzzafar was
deposed as head of the Mongol tribe, which reigned in the southeastern
Iran. She had her stepbrother Suyurghatamish arrested and eventually
killed. She was daughter of Kitlugh Turkan or Turkan Khatun, Queen of
Qutlugh Khan or Kirman (1257-82). In 1295 her husband's successor Great
Khan Baydo of the Ilkhan dynasty, had her put to death on the advise of the
leader of Suyurghatamish's clan, his widow, Khurdudjin.


1307 Dowager Empress Khanum Bulugan of the
YuanDynasty in China
She was widow of Temur Oljetu (Cheng Tsung) who ruled
(1294-1307) as successor to Khubilaikhan (Shizu) and acted
as regent for her step-grandson Wu Tsung, also known as
Khaishan or Hai San. She was born as Princess Bulukhan of
the Baya'ud.


1316-17 Regent and Principal Minister Qutlug Sah Hatun of Persia
and Iraq
After the death of her husband, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammed Uljaytu (1282-
1304-16) the 8th Il Khan she was regent for their son, 'Ala al-Dunaya wa 'l-
din Abu Said (1304-1317-1335). The dynasty had reigned Persia and Iraq
China since Kubilai Khan of Mongolia and China appointed his brother,
Halagu (1256-1265) as tributary sub-ruler. With the death of Abu Sa'id the
Il-lkhanid dynasty in Iran virtually came to an end.


1316 Ruler Dawlat Khatun of Luristan (Persia)
Succeeded her husband, Izz al-Din Muhammad, the 13th sovereign of the
Mongol Bani Kurshid dynasty, which ruled Luristan in southwestern Persia.
She proved to be a poor administrator, and therefore she abdicated after a
short period in favour of her brother-in-law, Izz al-Din Hassan.


1325-36 Politically Influential Baghdad Khatun of the Ilkhanate in
Persia (Iran)
First married to Shaykh Hasan Buzurg, founder of the Jalayirid dynasty,
whom she married in 1323. Two years later, they divorced on the orders of
her uncle, Abu Said, the Ilkhan, and they married in 1327, and now
enjoyed a period of unprecedented power as the harem favorite, even
acquiring the honorific title of Khudawandigar [sovereign]. 1331-32, she
briefly fell from grace because of accusations that she had plotted the
assassination of Abu Said with her former husband, but in the following
year she was restored to favour. Another blow to her authority came in
734/1333-34, when Abu Sa'id married her niece, Dilshad Khatun, and
elevated the latter to the rank of principal wife. She displayed her
resentment at her diminished status and when, according to Ibn Battuta,
Abu Sa'id died in 1335, she was accused of poisoning him and was beaten
to death in her bathhouse either by order of his amirs or his successor,
Arpa.


1332-33 Regent Dowager Empress Khanum Ptashali of the
YuanDynasty of China
Leader of the Qagans Mongolian Dynasty which ruled most of China and
surrounding territories, during the reigns of Irinjibal (1332) and Toghon
Temur (1333-70). In 1368 the Yuans were replaced by the Ming Dynasty
after a period of internal revolt.


1338-39 Acting Caliph Governor and Principal
MinisterSati Beg Hatun of the Mongols Il Khans
Empires in Persia (Iran)
Used the title Al-sultana al-radila Sati Bek Khan Khallad Allah
mulkaha - The just sultana Sati Bek, may Allah perpetuate
her reign, and was daughter and sister of some of the earlier
rulers. After Mohammad was overthrown, she took power
and married Suleiman, who became titular co-ruler. The
Mongols Il Khans controlled Persia as a sort of local Mongol
authority under the Great Horde.


Ca.1344-ca.52 Sultan Regnant Mo'at Laila of Ifat (East
Shoa, Ethiopian Substate)
The Muslim sultanate situated in the northeastern Shewan
foothills was one of the boarder-states threatening the
Ethiopian state but it was about one hundred years later.


1348-79 Sultan and Maha Radun Malikat Rahandi Kambadi-Kilagi of
the Maldive Islands, Sultan of Land and Sea and Lord of the
twelve-thousand islands
One of three daughters of Sultan Salah ad-Din Salih Albendjaly, who was
succeeded by her brother. The vizier 'Abdallah al-Muhammad al-Hazrami
married the sultan's mother, and had him put to death. Meanwhile, Khadija
had married Jamal-ud-din, who managed to take over the reigns of power
for his wife. As vizier he issued orders in her name. Succeeded by sister,
Myriam.


1366-71 Regent Khanum Beng Shi of Yuan China
For the pretender Ming Sheng.


1370-73 Khanum Regnant Tulun Beg of the Golden Horde in Russia
and Serbia
Member of the Akurdu Dynasty.


1379-81 Sultan Myriam Raadafati Kambadi Kilege of the Maldive
Islands
Also known as Queen Siri Suvama Abaarana. Her sister, Sultan Khadija,
reigned three times beginning in 1337. Myriam was the last of the Lunar
Dynasty and was deposed by a Moslem cleric by the name of Fagi Mohamed
son of Kaeumani Kaulhannaa Kilege of Maakuratu, who was succeeded by
his daughter Daainu Kambaa in 1383.


1383-88 Sultan Malikat Daainu Kambaa Radafati Kambadi-Kilagi of
the Maldive Islands
Also known as Fatima, she was daughter of Sultana Myriam, who was
deposed by Fagi Mohamed in 1381. Daainu was deposed by her husband
who ascended the throne as Sultan Abdulla II and reigned a month and a
half before being assassinated by Osman of Fehendu.


14. Tribal Leader Lalla Aziza in Morocco
Very influential during her lift-time in her Berban tribe, she is
now considered a saint who protects chasseurs and theades
berbres.


14.... Malika Tindu of the Jallarid Dynasty (Iraq)
Ruled sometime during the 15th century, and had the khubta - Friday's
prayers - preached in her name.


1411-19 Governor and Sultan Tandu of Baghdad (Iraq)
Also known as Tindu, she belonged to the Jalarid Dynasty, a
branch of the Ilkhan Mongol rulers, and daughter of king
Awis. She was first married to al-Zahir Barquq, the last
Mamluk king of Egypt. She did not like life in Cairo and her
husband let her go back to Baghdad, where she married her
cousin Shah Walad bin Ali, the Governor for the Caliph, and
after his death she acceded to the throne, had coins stuck in
her name and the khutba (sovereign's prayer) proclaimed in
her name in the mosques. She was one of the last Mongol
rulers in the area.


1432 Regent Dowager Sultana Aisha Sia of Ternate (Indonesia)
After the death of her husband Paduka Sri Sultan Bessi Muhammad
Hasan,Kaicili Komalo Pulu, Sultan of Ternate (1377-1432), who established
himself as paramount ruler of the Moluccas, taking the title of Kolano ma-
Lukku in 1380, for grandson Kaicili Ngolo-ma-Kaya, who succeeded as
Paduka Sri Sultan Gapi Baguna II. She was daughter of another sultan of
the state.


Around 1450 Chieftainess Sharifa Fatima of the Zaydi
(Yemen)
The daughter of the religious leader, Imam al-Zayel al-Nasir
Li Din Allah, she and her tribe took San'a by force of arms in
the mid 15th century.


1461-70 Regent Dowager Sultana Mhduma Gahan of Bahmani Sahi
(India)
For Nizanu Shah (d. 1463) and Sams ad-Din Muhamed Shah II (1463-82).


1467 Princess Regnant Bigum Hatun of Qara Quynl
(Iraq)
Ruler of a Turkish Tribe in Mesopotamia


1470-ca. 92 Regent Khatun Mandughai of Mongolia
Also known as Mandugaya Setsen Khantun, she was widow of Grand Khan
Mandaghol, the 27th successor of Jengis Khan, who was succeeded by his
nephew, Bolkho, in 1467. When he was assassinated three years later, the
mother of his five-year-old son, Dayan Qagani, had deserted the child, and
Mandughai took him under her protection, proclaimed him khan, and
became his regent. She assumed command of the Mongol troops and
defeated their enemy, the Oirat. In 1481 she married Dayan, and 1491-92
she again lead the army to fend off the Orat.


1470-90 We Ban-ri Gau Daeng Marawa Makalappi Bisu-ri La Langpili
Patta-ri La We Larang , Arumpone of Bone (Indonesia)
Styled Arung Majang before her accession on the death of her father. Her
ceremonial name was Malajangi-ri China, and she was mother of two sons.


1470-... Sultana Narisa Malik uz-Zahir of Samudra Pasai Kesepulih
(Indonesia)
Daughter of Sultan Kadir al Malik uz-Zahir ibnu al-Marhum of Pasai and
married to Sultan Muhammad of Aceh, who reigned (1465-77)


1481-92 Amina Gul-Bahar Khanum Valide Sultan of
The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
The Valide Sultan was the mother of the sultan, and had an
important place in the imperial family. In some aspects she
was considered as a joint-ruler with theoretical jurisdiction
over the women in the empire. She was married to
Mohammed II and mother of Bajazet (1481-1512), and lived
(1434-94)


1482-92 Regent 'A'isha al-Hurra of Cordova (Spain)
Gained support from the nobles and military leaders to
depose her husband, 'Ali abu al-Hasan (reigned 1461-82),
who was being infatuated by his Christian concubine,
Isabella, who had converted to Islam and taken the name of
Soraya. Her son, Muhammad Abu 'Abdallah was proclaimed
as caliph. She played a prominent role in the last years of
the Muslim reign in the south of Spain, which was conquered
by their Catholic majesties, Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando
of Aragon.


1482-1530 President of the Regency Council The Makhduma-e-
Jahan of The Bahmani Deccan (Oudh) (India)
As Dowager Queen, she was Regent for son Mahmud Shah Bahmani, who
ascended the throne at the age of 12 years, when some usurpers had been
overthrown.


15.. Princesss Regnant Nur Begum of Hunza
(Afganistan)
The daughter of Girkis Han, she ruled for 12 years of the
mountainous region on the boarder to China. Succeeded by
nephew Ayaso I.


1510-52 Governor Sayyida al-Hurra of Tetoun
(Morocco)
First confirmed as prefect and then appointed governor of
the city state of Tetoun ("Hakima Tatwan"). She was the
undisputed leader of the pirates in the western
Mediterranean. She was married to Sultan Al-Mandri and
after his death she married Ahmad al-Wattasi, who reigned
(1524-49). After her first husband's death, she gained the
title al-hurra (Sovereign Lady). She was member of the
Andalusian noble family, Banu Rashid, who immigrated to
Morocco after the Christian conquest of Muslim Spain. She
was deposed in 1552.


1520-34 Gulbehar Hatun Mahidevran Valide Sultan of The Ottoman
Empire (Turkey)
Also known as Aisha Hafsa Khanum, she was mother of Suleiman II, the
son of Selim I. In some aspects the Valide Sultan was considered as a joint-
ruler with theoretical jurisdiction over the women in the empire.


1521-32 Regent The Dowager Queen Njai Tjili
of Ternate (Indonesia)
Regent for sons Deijalo and Bohejat. In 1532 Prince Kaitjil became sultan.


1523-58 De-facto Ruler Kadin Roxelana of the
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Very influential during the reign of her husband Sultan
Sleiman II (1520-66). She had originally been bought as a
slave by Sleiman's friend Ibrahim Pascha. The Pascha later
gave her to the Sulatan as a gift. she is believed to have
been born in Russia and lived (ca. 1507-58)


1529-30 Regent Dowager
Sultan Dudu of Janupur (India)
After the death of her husband, Muhammed, she was regent
for Galal Han, who was deposed in 1533. Under her family's
reign, the state became the home of Muhammadan culture
and refuge for men of letters. She was killed in 1530.


1543-52 Regent Dowager Sultana Bat'ial Dl Wanbara
of Harar (Ethiopia)
In charge of the territory after her husband, Imam Ahmad
had been killed. She reigned jointly with 'Ali Jarad. She had
accompanied her husband on his expeditions of conquest in
the Christian highlands. At times she had to be carried on
their shoulders up and down steep and rocky mountain
slopes, twice in a state of pregnancy. She gave birth to
Muhammad in 1531 and Ahmad two years later. After the
defeat and death of her husband and the capture of her
young son Muhammad, she fled to the north-west of Lake
Tana, and eventually succeeded in returning to Harar, then
at the center of Adal power. Her first task was to make
arrangements for the exchange of her eldest son Muhammad
for Emperor Galawdewo's brother, Minas. Del Wanbara was
determined to revenge her husband's death and, nine years
later, agreed to marry the Emir of Harar, Nur Ibn Mujahid,
son of her first husband's sister, seeing in him the best
prospect of achieving her aim. Emir Nur began by rebuilding
Harar, which had been sacked, and enclosed the town with a
wall which can be seen to this day. Having reorganized his
forces, he undertook a new conquest of the Christian
highlands and, in 1559, killed Emperor Galawdewos in battle.
She was daughter of Imam Mehefuz, governor of
Zayla and de facto ruler of the state of Adal. She married
Imam Ahmad and, ignoring the protests of his soldiers,


1544-? Politically influential Mihrumh Sultana of
theOttoman Empire
Only daughter of Sultan Sleyman the Magnificent by
Hrrem Sultan. Her father ored his her, and complained with
her every wish. She married Rstem Paa, Governor-General
of Diyarbakr, who was shortly afterwards appointed grand
vizier. According to Ottoman historians, Hrrem, Mihrumh
and Rstem Paa conspired to bring about the death of
ehzade Mustafa, who stood in the way of Mihrumh Sultans
influence over her father. The fact that Mihrumh
encouraged her father to launch the campaign against Malta,
promising to build 400 galleys at her own expense; that like
her mother she wrote letters to the King of Poland; and that
on her fathers death she lent 50.000 gold sovereigns to
Sultan Selim to meet his immediate needs, illustrate the
political power which she wielded. Her husband was grand
vizier in the periods 1544-1553 and 1555-1561, and she and
her mother formed an inner circle in the government which
evidently influenced the sultan's decisions particularly in
issues concerning the succession and the future of the
sultanate. They wereaccused of putting pressure on her
father to execute his eldest surviving son, Mustafa. At that
critical point whenSultan Sleyman was faced with open
protest from the army and negative public opinion following
the murder of Mustafa, Sleyman was forced to replace his
son-in-law in the position of grand vizirate with Kara Ahmed
Pasha, a war hero and favourite of the army. But within two
years under pressure from the inner circle under Hrrem,
Kara Ahmed was eliminated and Rustem resumed the grand
vizirate, keeping the office until his death in 1561.


Ca. 1545-ca.1570/80 Sultan Hudah bint Sarmah al-Fasi of Fazzan
(Libya)
Grandchild of Muhamad al-Fasi Fezzan. The state mainly consisted of oases
in the Sahara Desert, and the population is largely Arab, with Berber and
black African influence. Located on caravan routes connecting the
Mediterranean Sea with the Sudan, Fazzan was long important in the trans-
Saharan trade. From the early 16th to the early 19th century it was the
center of the Bani Muhammad dynasty, which originated in Morocco.


1549-51 Regent Dowager Princess Syun Beka of Kazan
(Russia)
Regent for son. Today Kazan is the capital of the Russian
Republic of Tatarstan.


1556-64 Regent for the Governor Mah Cucak Bigum of Kabul,
Afganistan
Reigned for Governor Miza Muhammad Hakim (1556-85) hereditary
representative of the Grand Mogul of India. She was murdered in 1565


1560-62 De-facto regent Maham Anga of the Mughal
Empire (India)
The chief nurse of Emperor Akbar, she gained influence after
she convinced Akbar to dismiss his minister, Bairam. Her
power began to wane in 1561, when Akbar appointed Atkah
Khan as chief minister. Five months later her son, Adham
Khan, Akbar's foster-brother, attempted to assassinate Atkah
Khan, but was executed, and she died shortly after, and the
emperor, who was now 19 ruled alone from then on.


1574-83 Politically Influential Nurbanu Sultan Valide
Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Nur Banu took an active part in the governance of the
empire as the chief advisor of her son, Murad III. Of Italian
origin, she was married to Selim III, and lived (1530-83).
(or to 1595)


1576-1610 Queen Amina Sarauniya of Zazzua, Zaria
and Abuja
1580-82 Queen of Kano (Nigeria)
Probably the granddaughter of Sarkin (king) Zazzau Nohir.
Zazzua was one of a number of Hausa city-states which
dominated the trans-Saharan trade after the collapse of the
Songhai empire to the west. At the age of sixteen, Amina
became the heir apparent (Magajiya) to her mother, Bakwa
of Turunku, the ruling Queen of Zazzua. With the title came
the responsibility for a ward in the city and daily councils
with other officials. Although her mother's reign was known
for peace and prosperity, Amina also chose to learn military
skills from the warriors. Queen Bakwa died around 1566 and
the reign of Zazzua passed to her younger brother Karama.
At this time Amina emerged as the leading warrior of Zazzua
cavalry. Her military achievements brought her great wealth
and power. When Karama died after a ten-year rule, Amina
became Queen of Zazzua. She set off on her first military
expedition three months after coming to power and
continued fighting until her death. In her thirty-four year
reign, she expanded the domain of Zazzua to its largest size
ever. Lived (ca. 1533-ca- 1610)


1577-80 Regent Dowager Queen Mahid-I Uliyah of
Persia
Regent for Esmil II (1576-78) and Shah Mohammed
Khodbanda (1578-87) of the Safavid Dynasty, which was of
Turkmen origin and established themselves first at Tabriz,
which had been the capital of the Mongol Il Khans, in Turkish
speaking Azerbaijanistan. They also brought the Shi'ite
branch of Islam to Persia.


1580-90 Regent Dowager Sultana Cand
Bibi of Bijapur(India)
1596-99 Regent of Ahmadnagar
After her husband, 'Ali 'Adil Shah II, was killed in 1580, she
was regent for her nephew, Ibrahim 'Adil Shah II, and ruled
with great prudence and intelligence till the young king came
of age. When order was restored in Bijapur kingdom, Chand
Bibi went back to her motherland Ahmadnagar, where the
ruler, Murtada Shah, died at a moment when the foreign
relations of the state were strained to breaking-point and
was imminent, she returned to Bijapur, and mustered some
reliable troops in consideration of the defence of
Ahmadnagar fort against the mighty army of the Mughals led
by their able general. After this great defence, Chand Bibi
came to be known as Chand Sultana. Later the Mughals
succeeded to turn the troops of Chand Bibi and had a siege
over Ahmadnagar in 1008/1599. This time, emperor Akbar
himself rushed to Deccan and pitched his tents outside the
city. Chand Bibi became desperate and resisted the Mughal
attacks with such courage that the invaders were repelled at
many places. At length, Hamid Khan, the traitor allowed the
Mughal force to enter Ahmadnagar, and entered the palace
of Chand Bibi to kill her. At that moment of disaster, Chand
Bibi came out of her apartments and fought bravely and was
killed, and thus, Ahmadnagar was captured by the Mughals
in 1600. She was daughter of Hussain NIzam shah of
Ahamadnagar, and lived (1550-99).


1584-1616 Raja Ijau I of Patani (Thailand)
Also known as Ratu Hijau "The Green Queen", she succeeded brother as
ruler of the Malayan kingdom-sultanate, and was succeeded by sister in
1616. Her aunt, Raja A'isyah had sometime been regent for Sultan Bahdur
after Sultan Manzur Syah who ruled (1564-73). She was succeded by sister.


1595-1603 Politically Influential Safiye Vailde
Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Took an active part in the governance of the empire as the
chief advisor of her sons Murad III and Mehmed III. She
lived (1550-1605)


1603-05 De-facto Ruler Handam Valide Sultan of the
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Her full title was Daulatlu Ismatlu Hansam Validi Sultan
'Ahiyat us-Shan Hazratlari, and she was very powerful during
the reign of Ahmed Khan I (1613-17), and lived (1576-
1605).


1607-09 Sultan Kuda Kala Kamanafaanu, Sultana of Land and
Sea,Lady of the Thousand Islands and Sultans of the Maldive
Islands
In spite of the fact that the island was Islamic, the rulers continued to use
ancient Sanskrit titles alongside their Islamic styles until the middle of the
twentieth century. The sultanate was attacked by the Portuguese in the
fifteenth century but regained its independence in 1573. They also fell prey
to the marauding raids of the Ali Rajas of Cannanore, who frequently
kidnapped princes and influential nobles and carried them off to the
Laccadives. Although close trading relations were established with the Dutch
in Sri Lanka, the Maldives remained aloof from the Western powers for
another two centuries. She was never secure as ruler due to a long civil
war. She died at sea or on Mahibadu Island, Ari Atol, while on pilgrimage to
give alms.


1607-27 Panembahan Putri Bunku of Sukudana (Indonesia)
Succeeded husband.


After 1609-before 1630 Sri Paduka Ratu Sepudak of Sambas
(Indonesia)
A descendant of the Majapahit Kings and the last Hindu ruler of the
kingdom. Her youngest daughter, Putri Mas Ayu Bungsu's husband, Radin
Sulaiman, became Sultan of Sambas. He was son of the Sultan of Brunei.


1611-28 De-facto Ruler Empress Nur Jahan of India
Married to the Mughul Emperor Jahangir, she was an
excellent conversationalist, a fine judge of Persian poetry
and a poet herself. Her accomplishments made her an
irresistible companion for the emperor. Nur Jahan was a
patron of painting and architecture whose interests also
extended to the decoration of rooms as well as the designing
of ornaments, brocades, rugs and dresses. After his death in
1627 she resided in Lahore until her own death. Born as
Mehr un-Nissa in Persia. (d. 1645)


1616-24 Raja Ratu Biru of Patani (Thailand)
In 1584, Patani entered its golden age with the rule of four successive
Queens, Ratu Hijau ("The Green Queen"), Ratu Biru ("The Blue Queen"),
Ratu Ungu ("The Violet Queen") and Ratu Kuning ("The Yellow Queen").
Biru was the second of three sisters on the throne.


1617-18 and 1622 Naib-i-Sultanat (Regent) Valide Sultana II of the
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
After the death of her husband, Sultan Ahmed Khan I (1603-17), she was
regent for son. Mustapha Khan I (1717-23). She was born in Europe, and
lived (1576-1623).


1618-20 Kahadija Mahfiruz Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
Also known as Daulatlu Mahfiruz, her full title as mother sultan Osman II,
wasDaulatlu Ismatlu Mahfiruz Validi Sultan 'Ahiyat us-Shan Hazratlari. In
some aspects the Valide Sultan was considered as a joint-ruler with
theoretical jurisdiction over the women in the empire. She lived (1590-
1620)


1623-32 Naib-i-Sultanat (Regent) Ksem Mahpeyker Valide
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
1632-51 De-facto regent
Her full name and title was Daulatlu Ismatlu Kulsum Mahpeyker Validi
Sultan 'Ahiyat us-Shan Hazratlari.Ksem was regent for son Murad, (1623-
40) who succeeded at the age of 11, for Ibrahim (1640-48) who was
mentally disturbed and for grandson Mehmed IV, who succeeded at the age
of 7 in 1648. In 1651 she plotted against her daughter-in-law, but was
killed instead. Of Greek origin, she lived (1589-1651)


1624-35 Raja Ratu Ungu of Patani (Thailand)
During the reign of the of three sisters the Malayan Kingdom-Sultanate
wasexpanded its borders to include Kelantan and Trengganu and became
the most powerful Malay state after Johor. It was during this time that
Patani became renowned for manufacturing cannon, producing three of the
largest bombards ever cast in the region - 'Mahalela', 'Seri Negara' and 'Seri
Petani'. With each measuring over six metres in length. Also known as "The
Violet Queen", she was succeeded by daughter.


From 1626 Regent Aayat
Bahs Bigum of Golkonda (India)
After the death of her husband, she became regent for
Sultan Abd Allah (1613-26-72). The Golkonda state broke
from Gulbarga in 1518 and remained independent under
eight sultans until 1687 when it was conquered by the Great
Mughal Aurangzeb.


1632/33 Sultan Alimah I of Nzwani, Comoro Islands
Formerly known as Anjouan, an Island in the Mozambique Channel off
north west Madagascar between Mayotte and Njazdja in the Indian Ocean.
The hilly island is only 424 square kilometers.


1635-88 Raja Ratu Kuning of Patani (Thailand)
Known as "The Yellow Queen", she succeeded her mother
Queen Raja Ungu as the last of four succesive Queens.
During her reign the country fell into gradual decline. This
decline probably prompted her to submit to Siam as a vassal
state and send the 'Bunga Mas' to Ayutthya. She died
without an heir and the country descended into decades of
political chaos and conflict. Fortunately for Patani, Siam was
too weak to take advantage of the situation, being too busy
driving off crippling Burmese invasions into her territory,
culminating in the pillaging and complete destruction of
Ayutthaya in 1767.


Around 1635 Datu We Tan-ri Sui of Mario-ri Wawo (Indonesia)
Daughter of I-Dangka We Tan-ri Tuppu, Arumpone of Bone (1590- 1607)
and her husband and successor La Tan-ri Ruwa Paduka Sri Sultan Adam
(1607-08). She was married to La Pakkou To' Angkone Taddampali, Prince
of Bone and their son became Sultan and Arumpone of Bone in 1672, at a
time when he had already succeeded her as Datu of Mario-ri Wawo. He lived
(1635-96). It is not known when she lived.


1641-75 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Ratu Safiat ud-din
Taj ul-'Alam Shah Johan Berdaulat Zillu'llahi fi'l-'Alam
binti al-Marhum Sri Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota
Alam Shah,Sultana of Aceh (North
Sumatra) (Indonesia)
Born as Raja Permusairi Putri Sri 'Alam, she was installed on
the death of her husband and relative, Paduka Sri Sultan
Iskandar Thani 'Ala ud-din Mughayat Shah Johan Berdaulat
Zillu'llahi fi'l-'Alam ibnu al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Shah, who
had succeeded her father, Sultan Iskander, in 1636. She lost
Pahang to Johor soon after her accession. Her reign ushered
in half a century of rule under women sovereigns, beginning
with her husband's other widow, 'Taj ul-Alam. Her female
successors, were all chosen by the increasingly powerful
regional nobles and territorial magnates unwilling to submit
to surrender power to a strong ruler. All four were chosen
after they had past childbearing age, so that husbands or
sons could not establish themselves in the supreme
authority. Her throne name Safiat ud-din Taj ul-'Alam
Shah means "Purity of the Faith, Crown of the World", and
she was succeeded by Sultana Nagiat, and (d. 1675)


1651-56 Naib-i-Sultanat (Regent) Khadija Turhan Hadice Valide
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Had been Valide Sultan since 1648, and took over as regent for her son,
Mehmed IV (1648-51-87) after her mother-in-law was killed. As her
predecessor as regent, she took part in the deliberations in the Imperial
Diet seated behind a curtain, she authorized all appointments and
cooperated closely with the Grand Vizier as "The Guardian and
Representative of the Sultan". Of Russian origin, she lived (1627-83).


1652-1697 Sultan Fatimah of North Zanzibar
(Tanzania)
Succeeded Sultan Bakiri, her brother, who had been sultan
of the whole island. In 1652 Sultan ibn Seif of Oman drove
her off the island, but for the next forty years, the
Portuguese continued to maintain the upper hand and she
was soon able to return to Zanzibar. In 1697 the Arabs
captured Zanzibar and took her prisoner, deporting to her
Muscat. After 10 years she was allowed to return, but her
island remained under Arab control.


1662-67 Regent Dowager Fatima Sultan Saiyia
Burhan of Kasimov/ Borjegin-Sibil (The Golden Horde)
(Russia)
1677-81 Sultan Regnant
Also known as Sultana Sayyidovna , she was first regent or
Saiyia Burhan, before becoming ruler of the Ilkhan Kingdom
of Qasim in Central Asia in her own right and had the Khutba
(sovereign's prayer) proclaimed in her name in the mosques,
the ultimate sign of legitimate rule. She was a descendant of
the Tatars golden horde and said to be the last Mongol
sovereign. The state was annexed by the Russian 1681 and
she died the same year.


1662 De-facto Ruler Imperial Princess Rashanara
Begum of the Indian Mongul Empire
Seized the power during the illness of the Emperor
Aurangzer.


1675-77 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Naqiat ud-din Nur ul-
'Alam Shah, Sultana of Aceh Dar us-Salam (Indonesia)
Granddaughter of Sultan 'Ali Mughayat II Ri'ayat Shah, who
ruled 1604-07, and married Laksamana 'Abdu'r Rahman bin
Zainal Abidin, Orang Kaya Kaya Maharaja Lela Melayu, son of
Zainal Abidin bin Daim Mansur, Tengku of Ribee. Perhaps
mother of Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ahmad Shah Johan Badr
Berdaulat, but she was succeeded by Sultana Zaqiyat. Her
Throne-name Naqiat ud-din Nur ul-'Alam Shah means Light
of the world, Purity of the Faith. (d. 1677)


Ca. 1676-ca. 1711 Sultan Alimah II of Nzwani, Comoro Islands
Arabic-style sultanates developed in Nzwani as early as the sixteenth
century with different areas of the island first ruled by chiefs known as Fani.
Later, the chiefs were involved in conflicts and appealed to Europeans to
intercede on their behalf. Eventually, in 1886, the island became a French
protectorate and was formally annexed by France to its possessions in 1909.


1678-88 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Zaqiyat ud-din 'Inayat Shah binti al-
Marhum Raja Mahmud Shah, Sultana of Aceh Dar us-Salam
(Indonesia)
Succeeded sultana Naqiat. She was daughter of Raja Mahmud Shah bin Raja
Sulaiman Shahand and married to a great-grandson of Sultan Mukmin, who
reigned 1579. Succeeded by her sister, Sultana Zinat. Sultana Zaqiyat (d.
1688).


1680s Sultan Nur al-Azam of Sulu (Philippines)
Sulu is an archipelago in the extreme southwestern corner of the
Philippines, just east of Sabah (Malaysia), the northeast corner of Borneo.
The region is the home of a people outsiders call Moros, a feroce and deeply
independent sea-going nation; it was never conquered by the Spanish
authorities in the Philippines. She succeeded Salah ud-Din Bakhtiyar and
was succeeded by al-Haqunu.


1687-91 Regent H.H. Sultana Mariyam Kaba'afa'anu Rani Kilege of
the Maldive Islands
After the having poisoned her husband, Iskander Ibrahim, she became
regent for their infant son, Sultan Muhammad I. She was killed off Dunidu
Island when a spark from a victory salute blew up a powder magazine,
destroying the royal vessel in which she was sailing. Her son died shortly
after of the wounds he received in the explosion that killed his mother.


1687-89 Saliha Dilasub Valide Sultan of The Ottoman
Empire (Turkey)
Her full title as mother of the sultan was Daulatlu
IsmatluMahfiruzl Validi Sultan 'Ahiyat us-Shan
Hazratlari, and in some aspects she was considered as a
joint-ruler with theoretical jurisdiction over the women in the
empire. Mother of Sleiman II (1687-91), she lived (1627-
89)


1688-99 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Zinat ud-din Kamalat Shah binti al-
Marhum Raja Umar of Aceh Dar us-Salam (Indonesia)
The last of four consecutive female rulers, she succeeded her sister-in-law,
sultana Zaqiyat. Born as Putri Raja Setia, she was great-granddaughter of
Sultan Mukmin, who ruled 1579. In 1699 Sayyid Ibrahim Habib, obtained a
decree from Mecca stating that female rule was contrary to the tenets of
Islam. He deposed her, married her and assumed the Sultanate. They had
two sons who both became sultans.


1695-1715 Mah-Para Ummatallah Rabia Gl-Nz
Ummetulla Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
Mother of Mustafa II (1695-1703) and Ahmed III (1703-30).
She did not play any major role during their reigns, but she
was asked to approve and authorize the replacement of
Mustafa by Ahmed, which she did. As the senior
representative of the dynasty, her approval was considered
to be imperative. Daughter of the Venetian Retimo Verzizzi,
she lived (1647-1715).


1700-07 Regent H.H Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Tara Bai Sahib
Maharaj (Sita Bai Ali Sahib) of Satara (India)
In 1714 her son, H.H Kshatrtiya-Kulawatasana Sinhasanadhishwar Shrimant
Raja Shahu Sambahaji II Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1698-1760),
became ruler of Kolhapur. Tara Bai lived (1675-1761).


1700-17.. Sultan Aisa of Mayuta (Mayotte, today a French
Possession)
At a not known date, she was succeeded by daughter, Sultan Monavo.


17.. Sultan Nyau wa Faume of Ngazidja (Comoro Islands)
The island is also known as Grande Comore.


17... Sultan Adji di Kurin-dana Malaka of Berau (Indonesia)
Berau is a scarcely populated area in the Island of Borneo.


17.. Inas Embun Serin of Undang Luak (Malaysia)
The state was one of nine minor states which joined in the Negeri Sembilan
Confederation.


17.. Amira Ghaliyy al-Whhabiyya in Saudi Arabia
A Hanibali from Tarba, she led a military resistance
movement to defend Mecca against foreign take over in the
beginning of the 18th century. She was given the title of
Amira, the female equivalent of the title of Amir - military
leader.


1704 Regent Princess Fatima of the Maldive Islands
When the news of the possible drowning of Isdu King Siri Muthei Ranmani
Loka/ Sultan Ibrahim Mudhiruddine who after his abdication was known as
Isdu Ibrahim Bodu Kilegefan, while returning from the Hajj pilgrimage
reached Mal in 1704, his wife and regent Princess Fatima attempted to
usurp the throne in her own right. Her rival and brother-in-law, Admiral-in-
chief Hussain was banished to Naifaru. Fatima was however displaced from
the Eterekoilu -the residence of the Sultans - by the Prime Minister
Mohamed Faamuladeyri Thakurufan who was crowned as King Siri Kula
Sundhura Siyaaka Sasthura - Sultan Mudzhaffar Mohamed Imaduddine II.


1707-16 Raja Devi P'ra-Chao of Patani (Thailand)
Successor of the male ruler, Raja Emas Jayam Bagunda, who reigned 1704-
07 and 1721-28.


1714-1715, 1720, 1724-1738 and 1741-1749 H.H. Bata-ri Toja
Daeng Talaga Sultana Zainab Zakiat ud-din, Arumpone of Bone
1715 and 1728-1738 Ruler of Soppeng
1719-20 Datu of Luwu (Indonesia)
Succeeded her father, H.H. La Patau Paduka Sri Sultan Idris.
Styled DatuChita and Arung Timurang before her accession and during the
times she had vacated the throne. First abdicated in favour of her brother.
After his deposition she again became ruler, but abdicated immediately in
favour of her eldest half-brother. Restored for the third time on his
deposition, in 1724. Married to Sultan Muharram Harun ar-Rashid of
Sumbawa, Prince Pabukajuwa of Bone and Datu Ulaweng, Arung Zallieng,
Adatuwang of Sidenreng, who was Regent of Bone 1724-1725, and finally to
Daeng Mamuntuli, Arung Kayu, Regent of Bone 1726-1728. All but the third
marriage ended in Divorce. Her ceremonial name was MatinroE-ri Tipuluna
had no children, and she was succeeded by a female relative, Siti Nafisha,
and lived (1687-1749).


1723-47 Dato' Putri Siti Awan Setiawanm I of Johol (Malaysia)
The state of Johol is one of the component states of the Negri Sembilan
Federation. Originally known as Pasir Besar, it was renamed Luak Johol in
1723. The ruler is one of the four traditional electors of the Yang
di-Pertuan of the Negri Sembilan federation. Setiawanm I was the first ruler
and she was married to Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lelei Perkasa Setia Wan.


1724-37 Regent Dowager Princess Dharmapala of The
Volga Kalmyks (Lower Volga Area in Russia and
Kazakstan)
1741-45 Regent
The first time she was regent for Cerlu Donduk, who reigned
(1725-35) until he was deposed, the second time was after
the death of Donduk Ombu, Prince of the Kalmykians. (d.
1741)


1728-32 Rani Herrabichi Kadavube Adi Raja
Bibi of Cannanore (India)
Succeeded by Rani Junmabe.


1730-95 De facto Ruler Begum Mamola Bai of Bhopal (India)
1777 Regent
Exercised a dominant influence during the reign of her husband, Yar
Mohammad Khan (1728-42) after their marriage. After his death, she was
de facto ruler during the reign of her stepson Faiz Mohammad Khan, who
concentrated on religious contemplation. After his death she acted as regent
and quickly proclaimed Faiz' brother, Hayat, as Nawab, but Faiz'
widow, Bahu Begum, lead a revolt and set up an alternative government
which lasted until 1780. Also during Hayat's reign she was the effective
ruler, and it was she who took decisions on military campaigns and all other
administrative affairs. She was born as a Hindu Rajput Princess, and lived
(1715-95).


1730-39 Saliha Sabkati Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
After the death of Ahmed III a revolt of the Janissaries put her son with
Mustafa II,Mahmud I (1750-54) on the throne, and she became Sultan
Valide and in some aspects considered joint-ruler with theoretical
jurisdiction over the women in the empire. Affairs of state were largely in
the capable hands of the Nubian agha Beshir (16531746), who was the
power behind a number of successive grand viziers At the tune Ottoman
Empire was involved in wars with Persia. 1737 Emperor Karl IV entered the
war with Russia on Russian side, but by the separate peace of Belgrade
(1739) he restored North Serbia to Turkey. Mahmud was succeeded by his
brother, Osman III. Saliha Sabkati lived (1680-1739).


1738-41 H.H. I-Danraja Siti Nafisah Karaeng Langelo, Arumpone of
Bone (Indonesia)
Succeeded Sultana Zainab Zakiat ud-din. She was second daughter of H.H.
I-Mappainga Karaeng Lempangang Paduka Sri Sultan Safi ud-din, Sultan of
Tallo, by his first wife, H.H. I-Tanitaja Siti Amira Maning Ratu, Arung
Palakkaand Heir Apparent of Bone, whose father was sultan 1720-21. Siti
Nafisah died unmarried and lived (1729-41).


1739-96 Politically Influential Nawab Aliya Sadrunissa Begum,
Nawab Begum of Oudh (or Avadh) (India)
She was the oldest daughter of Burhan-ul-Mulk, Subedar of Avadh. Married
to her cousin and father's successor Mirza Muhammad Muqim (Safdar Jung)
(1739-64) in around 1724. When her father died in 1839, Nadir Shah
plundered Delhi in 1739, and the Avadh landlords and small chiefs who had
been effectively subdued by her father, raised their heads and arms in the
attempt to secure their individual independence. In his capacity as the
Nawab of Avadh, her husband was hesitant to face them despite his
superior military strength. Had it not been for Nawab Begum's forceful
promptings which eventually culminated in success, there may have been
no further history of Avadh. Her court and courtiers maintained the peace
and pomp of Faizabad. Her son, Shuja-ud-daula's, died in 1775, and
together with her daughter-in-law, Bahu Begum she secured the continued
existance of the capital of Avadh, Faizabad. Imprisoned in 1781 by
grandson together with daughter-in-law. She lived (Ca. 1712-96).


1741 Regent Dowager Princess Gan of The Volga
Kalmuks (Lower Volga Area) (Russia)
Regent for Kandul, who reigned in 1741. Gan later converted
to Christianity and took the name Vera. Originally the
Kalmyks lived in Central Mongolia. Reaching the Volga region
in 1630. Since the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism has been
the Kalmyks religion, and they are the only European
Buddhist people, living to the northwest of the Caspian area.
They live on the northwest shores of the Caspian Sea in the
lower regions of the soviet Dagestan. Kalmyks are of the
Turkic language group.


1746-70 Sovereign Princess Irdana Bi Erdeni of
Khokanda (Uzbekistan)
Succeeded by Sulaiman who reigned for less than a year as
Prince of Khokanda, which is a city near Tashkent, now
located in a far eastern part of Uzbekistan. Founded in 1732,
it stands on the site of the ancient city of Khavakend,
obliterated by the Mongols in the 3rd century. It was ruled
by the Dzungarian Kalmucks until 1758, when it became
part of China.


1746 Sultan Mwana Mimi Hadiga of Patta-Pate and Witu (Kenya)
There were 4 sultans that year. Pate is an island of the coast of Kenya.


1747-ca.60 Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lele Perkasa Setiawan Dato'
Rambut Panjang, Dato' Undang of Luak Johol (Malaysia)
Succeeded by another woman; Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa
SetiawanDato' Putri Setiawan II , Dato' Undang of Luak Johol (1760-90)


1748-50/53 Sultan Ratu Sarifah Fatima of Bantam (Bali)
(Indonesia)
Appointed sultan after her husband, Mangkubumi was arrested after an
uprising against the Dutch occupiers. She was deposed and banned from
the state by the same Dutch regents.


1748-54 De facto co-ruler Queen Udham Bai of the
Mughal Empire (India)
Became powerful after the death of her husband,
Muhammad Shah (Rawshan Akhtar) (1719-48), who lost the
province of Kabul to Persia and during whose reign other
provinces became practically independent. Her son, Ahmad
Shah Badahur, was no stronger, and she dominated him
completely. When The Marathas in Punjab rebelled, her son
chose to flee, abandoning her and the other women at court.
He was captured, blinded, and deposed and died in
confinement in 1775.


1753-56 Regent H.H Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati
Rani Savitri Bai Raje Sahiba of Dewar (Senior) (India)
Widow of Tukaji Rao I Puar she was regent for adopted son,
Krishnaji Rao I Puar (1753-89)


1753 Nominal Regent Princess Sanfa Rendi Kabafa'anu of the
Maldive Islands
Nominally reigned as Regent for her brother Hasan Manikufa'anu Sultan al-
Ghazi al-Hasan 'Izz ud-din Baderi. Her father Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II
reigned ( 1721 -50 )


1753-57 Nominal Regent Princess Amina Rani Kilegefaanu of the
Maldive Islands
1757-59 Rani-Sultana
In 1752 her father, H.H. Sultan al-Mukarram Muhammad 'Imad ud-din III,
was seized by the Ali Raja of Cannanore and transported to Kavaratti island
in the Laccadives. Male was occupied. The occupation was ended by
Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku, a direct descendant of the penultimate
Christian King Joao. The sultan died in captivity in 1757. The de facto
regent was Muleegey Dom Hassam Maniku. Her sister Amina Kkanbafaanu
was regent in 1773.


1754 and 1761 Governor-Regent Muglani Suraiya Bigum
of Lahore(India)
Regent for Muhammad Amin Han, who lived 1751-54 and was governor for
the Emperor of the Mongul-Afgan Empire of India in 1754.


1754-56 Sehsuvar Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Mother of Osman III (1754-57). Of Russian origin, she lived (1682-1756).


1760-73 () Regent H.H Shrimant Akhand
SoubhagyavatiJiji Bai Sahib Maharaj
of Kolhapur (India)
Jijibai was regent for adopted son, since her husband H.H
Kshatrtiya-Kulawatasana Sinhasanadhishwar Shrimant Raja
Shahu Sambahaji II Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1698-
1760) only had a posthumously born daughter with one of
his seven wifes. He was Raja of Satara (with his mother as
regent) and then of the newly created state, Kolhapur) Jiji
Bai lived (1716-73),


1768-78 Regent Dowager Rani Chandawatiji Maharani
Sahiba of Janipur (India)
Regent for son H.H. Saramad-i-Raja-i-Hindustan, Raj
Rajeshwar Shri Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Sawai Shri Prithvi
Singh II Bahadur, who lived (1763-78). He was married to
several wifes, and was succeeded by brother.


1773-74 Joint Regent Princess Amina Kkanbafaanu the Maldive
Islands
Her brother, Sultan Al-Haj Muhammed (1766-77), appointed her and her
huband, Ali Shah Bandor Velaanaa Manikufaanu, as joint regents, when he
went on a pilgrimage to Mecca . He drowned on his return in 1774. Her
sister, Princess Amina Rani Kilegefaanu, had been regent 1753-57.


1777-80 Opposition Leader Bahu Begum of Bhopal (India)
Widow of Nawab Faiz, and disputed the succession of his brother, Hayat, to
the throne. She began a revolt against the de facto ruler her step-mother-
in-law, Mamola Bai, supported by members of another branch of the family.
She began holding courts at her husbands tomb and set up a parallel
government in Islamnagar. For three years she regularly held Dunbars
(Assemblies) as an act of defiance against Mamola Bai.


1778-1803 Regent Dowager Rani Suimri Begum
ofSandhana (India)
1803-36 Rani Regnant
For Musffard ad-Daula Zafar Nab Han (Aloyis Baltasaar
Reinhard) - illegitimate son of her husband, Bum Raja
(1773/76-78), who was born in Luxembourg as Walther
Reinhard. After her stepson's death, she became Rani in her
own right, and continued to perform her contracted military
duties, leading her troops into battle in person. However she
concentrated her efforts on developing the agriculture of
Sardhana, which became famous as an island of green in a
land of desolation, using her troops to keep out marauders
and to enforce her policy, instead of plundering her
neighbors as was the general practice at the time. She
played a prominent part in the politics of the time, the fall of
Moghuls, the rise of the Mahrattas, and the establishment of
the British. She emerged as a sovereign Princess of her own
territories, which she had enlarged and improved, so that
she accumulated vast wealth. Born as Johanna Noblis (d.
1836)


1782-92 Sultan Halimah III of Nzwani (Comoro Islands)
Her name is also spelled Alimah. She was de-factor ruler with Abdallah I
until 1788 and in 1792 he again ruled until 1706. The island was formerly
known as Anjouan.


18.. Mfahme Nyau wa Faume of Bambo (Comoro Islands)
Today Bambo is the capital of the Comoro Islands


18.. Sultan Ja Mhaba Hadija bint Ahmed of Bajini (Comoro Islands)
Succeeded Hashimu bin Ahmed and he also ruled after her. His successor
died 1886.


18.. Embun Serin, The Undang Luak Inas of Inas (Malaysia)
The state which is also known as Jelai was one of nine minor states joined
in the Negeri Sembilan Confederation


1807-08 Ayse Seniyeperver Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
Also known as Daulatlu Ismatlu Aisha Sina Parvar Validi Sultan 'Ahiyat us-
Shan Hazratlari, she was mother of Mustafa IV (1807-08) and lived (1761-
1828)


1808-17 Politically Influential Naksh-i-Dil Valide Sultan of The
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Advisor of her husband 1733-73 and for Sultan Selim III 1773-1789. Very
powerful under reign of son, Mahmud II (1808-39), she lived (1768-1817).


1812-19 Dowager Tengku Puteri Raja Hamidah binti Raja Haji of
Johor (Malaysia)
Her husband, H.H. Sultan Mahmud III Shah Alam ibni al-Marhum Sultan
'Abdu'l Jalil Shah, Sultan of Johor and Pahang Dar ul-'Alam, died without
naming a heir in 1811. It seems that Hamidah was one of the actors in the
succession struggle, which resulted in her stepson, H.H. Sultan Husain
Mu'azzam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah Alam, Sultan of Johor
and Pahang Dar ul-'Alam, ascending the throne in 1819. She was daughter
of Raja Haji bin Raja Chelak, 4th Yang di-Pertuan Muda of Riau, and (d.
1844)


1814-24 H.H Karaeng Bontomasugi Sultana Siti Saleh II of
Tallo(Indonesia)
Succeeded her father H.H. I-Mappainga Karaeng Lempangang Paduka Sri
Sultan Safi ud-din and married to La Potto, Datu Baringang and Prince of
Bone. Her ceremonial name was Tumenanga-ri-Kanatojenna


1814-37 Politically Influential Badshah Begum of Oudh (Avadh)
(India)
Her husband, Ghazi-ud-din Haider, preferred death for his son, Nasir-ud-din
Haider, rather that his succession to the throne. Badshah Begum was
childless. She, therefore, matched her husband's whim by having Nasir-ud-
din's mother killed (another wife of Ghazi-ud-din), and by then adopting
Nasir-ud-din. She brought up Nasir-ud-din as her own, and later took up
arms against her husband. It was no ordinary confrontation. Badshah
Begum had armed her women to the teeth, who, overpowered the King and
sabotaged all his stratagems. The outcome was that Nasir-ud-din, did
become the King of Avadh. When Nasir-ud-din later in his turn wanted to
disinherit his son, Farid-un-Bakht, she took him under her wings, and
refused to be threatened. Nasir-ud-din sent a brigade of women soldiers
into the royal zenana to have her removed. The women of the zenana were
no less armed so that a fierce battle took place with volleys of musket
ammunition flying through Lucknow. The old Begum may have lost some
fifteen or sixteen of her retainers, but the final victory was hers. She left the
palace with a British guarantee that neither her life nor the life of the infant
Farid-un-Bakht would ever be endangered again. In 1837 King Nasir-ud-din
Haider died of poisoning. The British Resident had already drafted a paper
ready for the signature of the next King of Avadh. But Badshah Begum
wante Farid-un-Bakht to be king, and she marched at the head of some two
hundred heavily armed men towards the Palace. Her troops removed the
incumbent ruler and his relations. Her troops could hardly contain their zeal,
or ignore the fiery leadership of their heavily covered Begum. The following
day the British opned fire and most of the Begum's men were killed or
wounded, and she were sent to the fort of Chunar which was in British
territory, where both she Farid-un-Bakht died in captivity. (d. 1846).


1815-ca 56 Sultan Dewa Aung Isteri Kaina of Indragiri (Indonesia)
The region is also called "Land of thousand ditches". This name pictures that
most of the areas consist of wetland, rives streams and swamps. And small
ditches, plotting the coconut plantation land which is the vegetation of the
local people. Inhil community in general is of Malay culture. Nevertheless,
there are also outsiders in this area from Banjar and Bugis ethnics. These
outsiders then settling one generation to another, and producing a cultural
form which is the combination of Riau Malay culture and Banjar and Bugis
culture.


1815-ca. 56 Dewa Aung Isteri Kania of Klungkung (Indonesia)
1849-ca. 56 Susuhuna (Empress) of Bali and Lombok
The latter was a title given to the Klungkung rulers by the Dutch colonial
powers


1819-38 Rani Mariambe Adi Raja Bibi of Cannanore (India)
Succeeded mother, Junumabe Adi-Raja Bibi II. In 1824 she made a formal
written recognition of the suzerainty of the East India Company over the
Island of Minicoy, which her mother had been forced to transfer in 1790.
She and her successors, however, continued the tributary
arrangement. Mariabe was succeeded by daughter, Rani Hayashabe, who
was first succeeded by son and in 1907 her daughter, Imbichi, ascended to
the throne.


1819-44 Regent Dowager Begum Kudsiyya
Begum ofBhopal (India)
After the death of her husband, Mawab Nazar Mohammad
Khan, she became regent for daughter, Sikandar. After she
ascended to the throne, she continued to guide and counsel
her daughter. It was her aim to demonstrate that a Muslim
woman could rule as effectively as any man. She abandoned
the wail, learnt to ride and led her forces in combat. She had
a difficult relationship with the British, recognizing the
importance of maintaining good relations with them, but the
other hand she resented their inference in her
government.Also know as HH Qusida Begum Sahiba or
Princess Qudsia, shelived (1801-81).


1819-56 Politically influential Subadar Nawwab of Oudh (India)
Very powerful during the reign of Abul Mozaffar, and that of his son
Soleyman (1827-37), his son Ali (1837-42), his son Amjad Ali (1842-47)
and finally during the reign of Wajid Ali, who was deposed in 1856, and died
1887.


1823-35 H.H. I-Mani Ratu Sultana Salima Rajiat ud-
din, Arumpone of Bone (Indonesia)
Styled Arung Data before her accession. Her ceremonial name was
MatinroE-ri Kassi, she was unmarried and succeeded by brother, La
Mapaseling Sultan Adam Nazim ud-din .


1825-37 Regent Dowager Nawab Sardar Bibi Sahiba of
Radhanpur (India)
After the death of her husband H.H. Nawab Sher Khan Sahib
Bahadur (1794-1813-25), she was regent for her infant
stepson H.H. Nawab Muhammad Zorawar Khan Sahib
Bahadurn (1822-25-74).


Around 1828 Chief Sheha Mwana wa Mwana of Tumbai
(North Zanzibar)
Also known as Khadija bint Nwale, she succeeded father as
Sheik of the state in North Zanzibar. Married to Hassan II of
Zanzibarwho reigned before 1828 until 1845. Her successor
reigned until 1856.


1831-41 Regent Nawab Yamuna Bibi Sahiba of Balasinor (India)
After the death of her husband, Nawab Shri Jalal [Edul Khan] Sahib
Bahadur, she was regent for son Nawab Shri Zorawar Khan Sahib Bahadur.


1833-40 Ruler 'Aisha of Tuggurt (Algeria)
Also known as Aichouch, she succeeded Sultan 'Ali IV bin al-Kabir as ruler of
a Berber state in the south of the country. Succeded by 'Abd ar-Rahman.


1838-52 Rani Hayashabe Adi Raja Bibi of Cannanore (India)
Succeeded mother, Rani Mariambe, and first succeeded by son. In 1907 her
daughter, Imbichi, ascended to the throne.


Until 1838 Rani Regnant Singhasari Cokorda of Karang Asem
Singhasari (Indonesia)
Until 1827 she reigned jointly with Gusti Gede Jelantik Sasak, 1827-35 with
Gusti Ngurah Made Karang Asem and finally with Gusti Ngurah Bagus Paji
Karang Asem until 1838.


1839-51 () Governor Weyzero Elleni of Hamasen
(Eritrea)
Murdered together with grandsons in the fighting with the
Emperor of Ethiopia.


1839-53 Bezmrlem Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Also known as Daulatlu Ismatlu Bazim-i Alam Validi Sultan 'Ahiyat us-Shan
Hazratlari, she was mother of Abdlmecid I (1839-61) and lived (1807-52)


1842-67 and 1871-78 Sultan Jumbe Fatima bint
Abderremane of Mwali/Mohli (Comoro Islands)
Succeeded her father, Ramanetaka, cousin of Radama I of
Madagascar, who conquered Mwali. Also known as Reketaka
Jombe Sudy or Djoumb Soudi or Djoumb Fatouma . Jumbe
Fatimah was married two times and was deposed by the
French Colonial powers in 1867 but was reinstalled and ruled
until her death. She lived (1837-78)


1842-51 Regent Dowager Sultan Rovao of Mwali/Mohli (Comoro
Islands)
Reigned in the name of daughter together with her second husband,
Tsivandini


1844-49 Regent Begum H.H. Sikander Begum Sahiba
of Bhopal (India)
1859-68 Nawab Begum Regnant
Had been proclaimed Reigning Begum at the age of 15
months in 1819 under the regency of her mother,
Begum Quisada, who resigned in 1844, and on a special
Dunbar conveyed in Bhopal, the British Political Agent, J.D.
Cunningham, read out a proclamation from the Governor-
General that Sikander would be the sole regent and exercise
full executive powers on behalf of her 9 year old daughter,
Shahjehan. She was the most aggressive, dynamic and
charismatic. She rode, played polo, went tiger hunting and
was an expert swordswoman. She reorganized the army,
whose commander she was. She backed the winning horse in
the 1857 mutiny and became the star of several British
Dunbars held for Indian rulers. She was a devout Muslim but
did not take the veil, but was the first Indian ruler to go on a
pilgrimage to Mecca. She had separated from her
husband, Gahangir Muhammad, who had been titular
ruler, after a short period. She lived (1818-68).


1844-59 H.H. Nawwab Sultan Shah Jahan Begum
Sahiba,Nawab Begum of Bhopal (India)
1868-1901 Nawab Begum Regnant
In 1844 she was proclaimed titular ruler of the state under
the regency of her mother, Sikander Begum, in whose favour
she abdicated. At a Dunbar held 17 days after her mother,
Sikander Begums death in 1868, she was crowned Begum of
Bhopal for the second time in her life. At the ceremony the
British Agent of the Governor-General declared that her
daughter, Sultan Jahan, would be heiress apparent.
Shahjehans husbandbecame titular Nawab, and she tried
to leave as much as the governing to him as possible, but he
came at odds with the British, and was stripped of his title
and position. During most of her reign, she was at odds with
Sultan Jahan, and died without them being reconciled. She
was interested in culture and an accomplished poet, and
lived (1838-1901).


1848-73 Politically Influential Maleka
Jahan Khanum of Persia
Her official name was H.M The Mahd-i-'Aliua, also spelled
Mahd-e Olia, "Sublime Cradle," she was grand-daughter of
Fath 'Ali Shah, who was shah (1797-1834), wife of her
cousin Mohammad Shah (1834-48) and mother of Nasser-
ed-Din Shah (1848-96). She was one of the strongest
women of the Qajar (Kadjar) Dynasty. Wielding her power
from the Harem, once her son ascended the throne of Persia.
She ensured the strengthening and survival of the Qajar
nobility against the rivalries by commoners elevated to
positions of prominence as a result of policies of successive
Qajar (Kadjar) Shahs. She is characterized as an
accomplished and cunning woman of some political gifts,
strong personality, and characterized the undercurrent of
matriarchy in the Qajar elite. She lived (1805-73)


Around 1850 Reigning Tsarina Kurmandjan Datka of
Alay (Kirgistan)
Also known as Kurmanjan Mamatbai Kyzy, or Alai Queen,
she was an outstanding leader of Kyrgyz nation. She had
refused to live with the husband she was forced to marry and
ruled the country alone when her second husband died,
during the gloomy time of feudal despotism she could
maintain a free spirit of independent nomad's life, traditional
way living and Kyrgyz culture in Alay region. She was
respected by all the foreign rulers she met during her reign,
even by Kokand Khan guardian of Muslim norms. At that
time, it was considered astounding that a woman could
govern such a huge territory as the Fergana valley. After the
Kyrgyz territory was annexed by Russia in 1876, she
continued the resistance movement. She lived (1811-1907)


1857-60 Regent H.H. Panchai-tana I-Basse Tan-ri Waru Kajuwara
Sultana Um ul-Hadi Pelaiengi Pasimpa of Bone (Indonesia)
1860-... Datuk of Supa (Akataparang)
Also known as Basse Kajuwara Hadie Abel Hadie Pelai-eengi Paseempa, she
was widow of her cousin, H.H. La Parenringi Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Saleh
Muhi ud-din, and regent for her infant son La Pamadanuka until his death.
She was daughter of her husband's uncle, La Tan-ri suki, Arung Kajuwara,
by his wife, the Adatuwang of Sawito. She was formerly
styled Arung Kajuwaraand succeeded her mother's brother as reigning
Datuk of Supa, where she was succeeded by the female ruler, Datuk
Madallung, who reigned until 1902.


1858-59 Arumponi Regnant Bassee Kajuwara Hadie Abdel Hadie
Pelai-eengi Paseemba of Bone (Indonesia)
Succeeded by Ahmad Singkarru Rukka Arung Palakka, who reigned until
1871.


1858-59 Queen Basse Kajuwara Hai-de Abdel Haide Pelai-eengie
Paseempa of Celebes at the Moluccas (Indonesia)
Today the island is called Sulawesi Selatan. Among the many ethnic groups
are the seafaring Bugis dominates the southern part, whereas the northern
part is inhabited by the Torajas whose unique culture rivals that of Balinese.
Famed for their seafaring heritage and Pinisi Schooners for centuries, the
Bugis posses to the present day one of the last sailing fleets in the world.
The Bugis vessels have sailed to as far as the Australian coast, leaving
behind drawing of their ships on stone with words that have been integrated
into the Aboriginal language of North Australia.


1861-1902 Adatuwang We Tan-ri-Paderang Bau Jella of Alita
(Indonesia)
Succeeded Aru Anipong and was succeeded by La Pangorisang - both male
rulers. Daughter of H.H. La Parenrengi Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Saleh,
Arumpone of Bone and I-Basse Tan-ri Waru Kajuwara hadi Abel Hadi
Pelaiengi Pasimpa, Datu of Supa - daughter of La Tan ri Suki, Arung of
Kajuwara. We Tan-ri was married to H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Husain ibnu
Sultan Muhammad Idris, Sultan of Gowa (1895-1906)


1861-... Al Sitt Bader Amin al-Din of the Druze in
Lebanon
Became acting leader of the Druze Tribe after her husband,
Said Beik Jumblatt had tried to reestablish the leadership of
the Jumblatts, but was accused of fueling sectarian conflict
between the Druze and the Maronites by the Ottomans, who
sentenced him to life in prison, where he died of
tuberculosis. The leadership afterwards went to her son
Nassib. Said's other son, Najib, who managed to win over
the Ottomans, who gave him the esteemed title of Pasha and
appointed him governor of the Shouf in 1884.


1861-76 Pertherhiyal Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Mother of Murad, and as Sultan Valide she was in some aspects considered
joint-ruler with theoretical jurisdiction over the women in the empire


1868-76 Regent Dowager Queen Warqito Mastawat of
Walo (Ethiopia)
She was mother of the young Imam Amede Beshir, one of
the two claimants to the leadership of the Weresek
(Mammadoch) clan of Wollo. Emperor Tewodros had seized
Amede Beshir, had him baptized as his godson, and had
fought the mother of the other claimant, the rival Queen
Mestawat. Although bitter rivals, both Mestawat and Werqitu
were foes of the Emperor. Werqitu was not initially eager to
help the Shewan prince even though his father had been a
close ally. She initially decided to send emissaries to the
Emperor to inform him that the Shewans were in her camp,
and that she would exchange them for her son. Tewodros
however was extremely furious when he found out about the
escape of the Shewans. Her son died during the siege, and
her grief and anger knew no bounds. Until the very end, she
never stopped attacking Tewodros' army, and never held
back aid from anyone who rebelled against him.


1869-72 Regent Tengku Intan binti Tengku Alang
Husain,Tunku Ampuan of Negri Sembilan (Malaysia)
Regent for son, H.H. Tuanku Antah ibni al-Marhum Raja
Radin Sunnah, Yang di-Pertuan of Sri Menanti, who was
elected as ruler on the death of his uncle in 1869.


1870-86 Adatuwang Regnant Pasule Daeng Bulaeng of Sawito
(Indonesia)
Married La Tan-ri Suki, Arung Kajaura, Prince of Bone. Her daughter I-
Basse Tan-ri Waru Kajuwara Hadi Abel Hadi Pelaiengi Pasimpa was regent
for her infant son, the Sultan of Bone, before succeeding Pasule's brother as
Datu of Supa in 1860. Pasule was succeeded in Sawito by the male ruler
Palagau Aru Patojo, who reigned until 1902.


1871-95 H.H. I-Banri Sultana Siti Fatima, Arumpone of
Bone(Indonesia)
Styled Arung Timurung and Datu Chitta before she succeeded her father,
Ahmad Singkarru Rukka Arung Palakka. She married I-Magulaga Karaeng
Popo, Prince of Gowa (d. 1902), whose mother was I-Tenri Pada Sultana Siti
Aisha [Besse-Barru], Arung of Barru, daughter of To' Patarai Sumanga
Rukka, Arung of Barru. Her ceremonial name was MatinroE-ri Bola Mapare,
and she was succeeded by her half-brother. Her ceremonial name was
MatinroE-ri Bola Mapare, and mother of a son and a daughter, and (d.
1895).


1872-73 and 187..-18.. Sultan Singa Madi Jimba Aicha of M'Bude
(Comoro Islands)
In 1873 she was taken as a captive to Itsandra.. As she was however
treated well and even married Mussafubu it is possible that she has
continued to be Sultan in Name. In this case her successor, Jumbe Boina
Fumu, was possibly only a kind of governor. In 1880 she submitted to Saidi
Ali of the Comoros. She was succeeded by Jema Niema bint Jumbe Fumu at
a not known date.


1873-1901 Guerilla Leader "Ibu Perbu" Tjoet Njak
Dien in Aceh (Indonesia)
"Ibu Perbu" means Queen, and in 1862 she married Teuku
Ibrahim Lamnga. In 1873 Her father and husband joined the
fight against the Dutch, and she followed them into the
jungle. After both her father and husband was killed and the
Indonesian forces defeated by the Dutch, Dien took over both
her late husbands and fathers army commands and led
them in guerilla warfare Her second husband was Teuku
Umar, who was another relative. They led the two armies
into a series of successful assault missions. In 1899 Diens
husband was killed in battle, and she was again left to lead
the rebel army alone, and retreated further into the jungle.
She continued to lead the fight until the army was destroyed
in 1901. One of her followers, Pang Laot Ali, felt sorry for
Diens condition, hoped that the Dutch might give medical
treatment for her. He deserted to the Dutch and bought the
Dutch army into Diens camp in Beutong Le Sageu. They
were completely caught by surprise and fought to the last
man and woman except for Gambang and Dien. Only due to
her blindness was Dien captured and even then she held a
rencong (a traditional Acehnese dagger) in her hand trying to
fight the enemy. Her daughter Gambang, however escaped
deep into the jungle, where it is known that she continued
the resistance until her death, which is believed to have
taken place in 1910. She spend the rest of her life teaching
the Koran in Sumedang, West Java. She lived (1848-1908).
In 1964 she was declared a National Hero.


1876-87 Perest Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
Mother Abdlhamid II (1876-1909), she was the last Valide
Sultan and theoretical joint ruler.


1878... Regent Warquito Mastawat of Gera Walo (Ethiopia)
Regent for chief Muhammad Ala, who became Ras Mika'el in 1878. The
boarder state was incorporated into Ethiopia in 1896.


Around 1884 Sultan Mzade Badgini binti Munk Mwembwani of
Badgini (Comoro Islands)
Succeeded Umam wa Dari, who reigned (1852-84) and was succeeded by
Khadija.


Ca. 1884, 1884-8.. and 1887-ca.88 Sultan Khadija binti
Mugn Mku of Badgini (Comoro Islands)
It is not clear what happened to her after Hachimu bin
Mugne Mku seized power in 1885, After he had been driven
out in 1887 she was first arrested but later reinstalled as
Sultane by Saidi Ali of the Comoros and French. Later she is
known to have been in exile in 1888 and to have joined
Hachimu the following year. (d. 1889)


1885-1902 Sultan Aisya of Indragiri (Indonesia)
Succeeded by sultan Mahmud


1888-94 Regent Queen Mother Regnant Njapdungke of
Bamum (Cameroon)
Also known as Setfon or Nazabidunke. Initially regent for her
son, Ibrahum Njoya, who was Fon of Bamun 1888-1923, in
1918 he also became sultan of Fumban, he was deposed in
1923, and lived (1885-1933). After he took over the reigns
himself she became his closest advisor. Bamun was under
indirect colonial rule by the Germans. She (d. 1913)


1888-89 Regent Princess Balia of Mwali (Mohli)
(Comoro Islands)
Member of a regency council for the absent Sultan Salima.


1888-1906 Regent Rajah Putri of Magindanao (The
Philippines)
Daughter of Sultan Qudaratullah Muhammad Jamalul Azam
or simply Sultan Untong and maried Datu Utto or Sultan
Anwaruddin Utto of Buayan, who also maneuvered to be
declared jointly as Sultan of Maguindanao. Openly, he was
supporting the bid of his brother-in-law, Datu Mamaku,
brother of Rajah Putri to become the new Sultan of
Maguindanao. But the Spaniards opposed his inclination
vehemently, and Rajah Putri became the ruler of the state.


1893-94 Sultan Mugalula of Nyamwezi at Zanzibar (Tanzania)
Abdicated as Sultan of Nyamwezi the same year. Abdicated as sultan and
was succeeded by daughter Abd Msavila II in Nyamwezi, who also
abdicated.


1895 Sultan Abd Msavila II of Nyamwezi (Tanzania)
Daughter of Sultana Mugalula, who reigned 1893-95 Msavila abdicated and
was succeeded by Chief and sultan Katugamoto, who was deposed in 1898.


1895-96 Reigning Umugabekazi Nyirauhi V
Kanjogera of Rwanda
1896-ca. 1916 Regent
1916-31 Reigning Umugabekazi
Became Umugabekazi (Queen Mother) by the death of her
husband King Kigeri IV Rwabigi and twice acted as regent for
her son Yuhi V wa Musinga (1896-31). Rwanda was a Belgian
colony at the time.


Around 1900 I-Tenri Pada Sultana Siti Aisha, Arung of Barru
(Indonesia)
Married to H.H. Sri Sultan Muhammad Idris ibni Sultan 'Abdu'l Kadir
Muhammad 'Aidid, Sultan of Gowa.


1901-26 H.H. Sikander Saulat, Iftikhar ul-Mulk, Nawab
Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum
of Bhopal (India)
1901-02 Chief Minister of Bhopal
Also known as Sarkar Amman, she succeeded her mother,
Sikander Begum. She was a forceful ruler, and reformed the
administration of state. She attended the coronation of George
V in 1911 dressed in a burqa with her awards worn on the
outside. During the trip, she visited Paris, k a spa in Bad
Nauenheim in Germany, spend a week in Gnve and traveled
by the Orient Express to Istanbul, where she met the sultan-
emperor, Mehmet Reshad. She also visited Hungary, Italy and
Egypt where she embarked on her return journey to a Bhopal
struck by plague. Later that year she attended the Imperial
Dunbar in Delhi. In 1926 she returned to London to settle the
rules of succession in a British court. She abdicated in favour
of son while still in London, and after some further legal
conundrum, her granddaughter, Abida was declared heir
apparent. Sultan Jahan argued in favour of the rights of the
firstborn, regardless of gender. After her abdication, she
became an advocate of womens rights, and in 1928 she
discarded purdah. Shah Jahan lived (1858-1930).


Until 1902 Datuk I-Madellung Karaeng Kajuwara, Datu of
Supa(Ajataparang) (Indonesia)
Succeeded another female ruler; Bassee Kajuwara Hadie Abel Hadie Pelai-
eengi Paseemba, who ascended the throne in 1860. She was succeeded by
nephew and husband of her daughter Besse Bulo, H.H. Haji Andi La
Mappanjuki Karaeng Silayar Sri Sultan Ibrahim ibnu Sultan Husain, who was
Arumpone of Bone in 1931-46 and 1950-60 trough his mother We Tan-ri
Padarang, Princess of Alita, eldest daughter of H.H. La Parenrengi Paduka Sri
Sultan Ahmad, Arumpone of Bone. Madellung (d. 1902)


1907-11 Rani Imbichi Adi-Raja Bibi of Cannanore (India)
Succeeded brother. She was daughter of Rani Hayashabe Adi Raja Bibi who
reigned 1838-52 in succession to her mother, Rani Mariambe Adi Raja
Bibi, who reigned (1819-38).


1909-25 Politically Active Queen Shahzadi Maleka Jahan
Khanum of Persia
Her name meant "Queen of the World". She was married to
her cousin Mohammad Ali Shah who reigned 1907-09 until he
was deposed. She was a strong presence, and she was about
to reclaim the throne of Persia for her son Soltan Ahmad Shah,
(1898-1909-25-30), after he was deposed, but events had
conspired against her. Went with her family into exile in Rome,
and lived (1875-?)


1919-29 Politically Influential H.M. Queen Soraya Shah
of Afganistan
Influenced her husband, King Amanulluh Shah, who was one of
the most liberal rulers of the country. He abolished slavery,
liberalized the family code, child marriage was limited, women
got right to choose their own husband, etc. In 1928 Soraya
and her daughters appeared unveiled. Conservative forces
forced her husband to abdicate in 1929, and they went into
exile first in India and then in Rome. She was his third
husband, he married two more times, and lived (1892-1960)
She was the daughter of Mahmud Beg Tarzi, sometime
Minister for Foreign Affairs, and lived (1897-1968)


1921-31 Rani Ayisha Adi-Raja Bibi of Cannanore (India)
Succeeded Ahmad Adi-Raja Bibi and was succeeded by Abdul-Rahman Ali Adi-
Raja II.


1921-? Regent Dowager Rani Saida of Badalpur (India)
Reigned in the name of her grand-son who studied in United Kingdom.


1921-1939 Al-Sitt Nazira Jumblatt of the Druze of Lebanon
Her husband, Fouad Jumblatt was murdered by Shakib Wahab, a member of
the Arslan clan. Her son Kamal Jumblatt was four years old, and grew up in
an atmosphere of tight security and fear due to his mother Nazira's continued
support of the Lebanese state and its French patrons. When the Druze in
Syria revolted against the French in 1925 , Nazira played a key role in
keeping the Shouf mostly out of war and worked tirelessly to find common
ground among the French authorities, the Maronites and the Druze. Her son
studied in France until 1939, and later became one of the chief acteurs in the
civil war from the 1970s onward until his assassination.


1935-49 Vice-President of the State Council and
President of the Cabinet Princess Abida Sultan Begum of
Bhopal (India)
1960-61 Titular Nawab Sahiba , Begum Sultan of Bhopal
Her full name is Colonel Suraya Jah, Gauhar-i-Taj, Nawab Abida
Sultan Begum Sahiba, but is normally known as Begum Abida
Sultan. She was appointed as Heir Apparent to her father and
recognized as such by the Indian government in 1928. In 1950
she moved to Pakistan. were she was a Delegate to UN in 1954,
Ambassador to Brazil and Chile 1954-59. She was also an
active politician and supporter of Miss Fatima Jinnah's
candidacy for President of Pakistan. She Contested the
succession after the death of her father, HH Sikander Savlat
Ifrikar il-Mulk Haji Sir Muhammad Hamidullah Khan Badur, in
February 1960, but the Indian government ruled against her in
January 1961 in favour of her sister, H.H.Sikander Saulat
Iftikhar ul-Mulk Haji Nawab Mehr Tai Sajida Sultan Begum
Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal (1960-95). Aida lived (1913-
2002)


1941-79 Politically Influential HIH Princess Ashraf
Pahlavi of Iran
In 1946 her twin brother, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, send
her to negotiate with Stalin in the Kremilin, to secure the return
of some Soviet occupied parts of Iran. She was Head of the
Woman's Organization of Iran and a Special Ambassador to the
United Nations. Her first two marriages ended in divorce, her
third husband died. According to Iranian usage, her sons two
sons and their children had the title H.H. Prince and father's
surname. Her daughter is H.H. Princess and the husband's
surname. (b. 1919-)


Before 1944 Regent Princess Sharifah Leng binti al-Marhum Yang di-
Pertuan Muda Syed Abdul Hamid of Tampin (Malaysia)
The daughter Sultan Sharif Abdul Hamid ibni al-Marhum Yang di-Pertuan
Muda Sultan Muhammad Shah al-Qadri (1872-94) she was regent for her
nephew Syed Akil bin Syed Dewa al-Qadri, Tunku Besar of Tampin, who died
at the age of 20, and whose brother, Syed Muhammad bin Syed Dewa al-
Qadri, ruled until 1944.


1946-47 Rani Mariyumma Adi-Raja Bibi of Cannanore (India)
Her principality was incorporated in the Republic of India.


1952-53 Head of the Regency Council H.M. Queen Zein
al-Sharaf of Jordan
In the official Jordan biography it says that her political
instincts and courage allowed her to successfully fill a
constitutional vacuum after the assassination of the late King
Abdullah in 1951, while the newly proclaimed King Talal was
being treated outside the Kingdom for his mental illness. When
he was deposed in August 1952 she was regent until her son,
Hussein I, until he turned 18 in May the following year. She
played a major role in the political development of the Kingdom
in the early 1950s, and took part in the writing of the 1952
Constitution that gave full rights to women and enhanced the
social development of the country. Born in Egypt as daughter
of the Court Chamberlain, Sharif Jamal Ali bin Nasser, she was
mother of three sons and a daughter, and lived (1916-94).


1952-53 Candidate for the Throne Princess Fatima
Ibrahim Didi Tuttu Goma of the Maldive Islands
In 1944 the throne was first offered to the erstwhile Prime
Minister Athireegey Abdul Majeed Rannabandeyri Kilegefan,
but he declined and remained in exile until his death in 1952.
The throne was then offered Tuttu Goma was daughter of
Eggamugey Ibrahim Faamuladeyri Kilegefan and Princess
Gulistan Imaduddine, the daughter of Sultan Mohamed
Imaduddine VI (1892-1903) and Eggamugey Umm-Kalthum
Didi. The Islamic clerics headed by the chief justice Abdullah
Jalaluddine vetoed the age old custom of a female ruler, so a
council of regency reigned until 1953.


1959-70 Chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet Yadar Sadykovna Nariddinova, Uzbekistan
(Autonomos Soviet Republic in the USSR)
1952-59 Deputy Premier, Minister of Construction Industry in
Uzbekistan, 1959-70 Vice-Chairperson of the Supreme Soviet
before becoming "Head of State" of the Republic. 1970-74 she
was President of the Federation Council of the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR. (b. 1926-)


1960-95 Head of the Princly Family H.H.Sikander Saulat
Iftikhar ul-Mulk Haji Nawab Mehr Tai Sajida Sultan
Begum Sahiba, Nawab Begum of Bhopal (India)
Recognized by the Government of India as ruler of Bhopal, at
the 13. of January 1961 with effect from 4. February
1960. After the death of her husband, Muhammed Iftikhar Ali
Khan of Pataudi (1910-1917-52), she was regent for her son
Mansur Ali Khan (b. 1941), who was captain of the Indian
Cricket team 1960-75. Under the name of Begum Sajida
Sultan, she was member of the Indian Parlament for Bhopal
1957-62. She lived (1915-95) and was succeeded by her
grandson.


1963 Fatima Jinnah, Pakistan
Sister, secretary and political advisor of the "father" of Pakistan,
Muhamad Ali Jinnah. She had widespread popular support but
lost the elections. Lived (1894-1965)


1968-96 Partner in Power Siti Hartinah, Indonesia
Also Known as Ibu Tien (Mother Tien), she was the most loyal
aide and the closest and most influential advisor of her
husband, President Suharto. She was known to express
preferences as well as dislikes toward certain cabinet ministers,
often connected with their personal lives. She was known as
"Madame Ten Percent", because of her corruption. Born as
Princess of Mangkunegara in Surakarta, Central Java, and
lived (1923-96).


1971-73 Governor Begum Ra'ana Liquat Ali Khan, Sind
(Pakistan)

She was the widow of Prime Minister Liquat Ali Khan who was
murdered 1951. She was ambassador to the Netherlands
1954-56, to Tunisia 1961-64 and Italy 1961-66. Born as
Ra'ana Pant, she lived (1905-90) [Perhaps governor 1973-76].


1975-78 First Secretary of the Communist Party Ibodat S.
Rakhimova, Tajikistan (Autonomous Soviet Republic in the USSR)
As first secretary she was the actual leader of the republic. She was the
only women on that post during the history of the USSR. Vice-President
1955-66 and Secretary 1978-89 of the Supreme Soviet.


1979-80 Regent-in-exile Dowager Shahbanou Farah
Diba Pahlavi of Iran (in Egypt and France)
She is widow of The Shah, she was Acting Head of the
Imperial Family and acted as regent for son who became shah
on his 20th birthday 31/10-80. (b. 1938-)


1980-81 Chief Minister Syeda Anwara Taimur , Assam (India)
Still politically active in 2006. (b. 1936-).


1980-85 Partner in Power Dr. Anahita Ratebzad,
Afghanistan
Shared power with her partner, President Babrak Karmal. She
was ambassador to Yugoslavia 1978, Minister of Social Affairs
1978-79, Minister of Education 1980, and Member of the
Presidency of the Revolutionary Council and the Politburo of the
Communist Party 1980-85. She was the highest ranking woman
in the parcham faction of the party and an expert propagandist.
Her former husband, Dr. Qamaruddin Kakar used to be king
Zahir Shah's personal physician. (b. 1928-) .


1982-83 Vice-Premier Caroline Diop Faye, Senegal
1971-ca. 84 Deputy President of the National Assembly. 1978-
81 Minister of Social Affairs,
1981-83 Minister-Delegate by the Premier Minister and 1982-
83 Minister of State (Third in Cabinet)


1987-89 Chairperson of the Executive Council Kaqusha
Jashari (Kosova/Yugoslavia)
1989 Chief Secretary of the Communist Party
Forced to resign after the first Kosovan riots in the republic. In
2000 she was member of the Kosovo Transitional Council
(Legislative) and Chairperson of Social Democratic Party of
Kosovo (PSDK) which she had chaired since 1991.


1988-90 and 1993-96 Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto,
Pakistan
Co-Chairperson 1984-94 and from 1994 Leader of Pakistan
People's Party. 1977-84 in house arrest, 1984-86 in exile. She
also held the Portfolios of Defence, Atomic-Energy, Finance,
Economy, Information and Establishment. Both in 1990 and
1996 she was removed from office by the President on charges
of corruption and later convicted. From 1998 she has lived in
exile London and the United Arab Emirates. Her three children
were born in 1988, 1989 and 1993. (b. 1953-).


1988-09 Acting Chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet RozaAtamuradovna Bazarova, Turkmenistan (Autonomous
Soviet Republic in the USSR)
1975 Deputy Premier Minister and 1975-88 Member of the Presidium of
Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. (b. 1933-).


1989 Acting Prime Minister Begum Nusrat Bhutto,
Pakistan
Senior Minister without Portfolio and Second in Cabinet 1989-90.
Acted as deputy to her Daughter, Benazir Bhutto, and was acting
Premier when she gave birth to her second child in 1989 and on
various other occasions. Widow of President Zulfiar Ali Bhutto,
who was executed by the military regime. Born in Afganistan
(Ca. 1929-).


1989-99 Vice-Premier Assata Moumouni, Niger
Second in cabinet for many years. Since 1997 with the title of
Minister of State.


1991-96 and 2001- Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia,
Bangladesh
Vice-Chairperson of The Nationalist Party 1982-84 and Leader
since 1984. Her husband, President Zia-ur-Rahman was Premier
Minister 1976-77 and President 1977-81 until he was
assassinated. Khaleda was detained seven times during almost
nine years of autocratic rule. In the face of mass upsurge
spearheaded by the seven-party alliance, led by Khaleda, and
the eight-party combine, led by Hasina, Ershad resigned in 1990
and handed over power to neutral caretaker government,
bringing an end to his nine-year autocratic rule. During her first
tenure as Premier she was in charge of a number of other
portfolios - among other's that of Defence. 1996-2001 Leader of
the Opposition. Mother of two sons. (b. 1945-).


1991-ca. 96 Governor Professor Lale Ayataman,
Mugla (Turkey)
1996-99 she was deputy to the Grand National Assembly
for the Motherlands Party (ANAP). Chairperson of the
European Committee for Environment and Regional Affairs
and Vice-Chairperson of the Group of European Democrats
(Conservatives).


1993-96 Minister President Tansu iller, Turkey
Assistant Professor 1974-83 and 1983-90 Professor of
Economics at Bosphorus University. Minister of State and Chief
Economic Coordinator 1991-93, Deputy Premier and Minister of
Foreign Affairs 1996-97. She was Deputy Chairperson , 1990-
93 and from 1993 Chairperson of DYP, The True Path Party. In
the 2002-elections the party got 8,5% of the votes, becoming
the third largest party, but it was not enough to reenter the
parliament, where the minimum vote required is 9%. Mother of
two children. (b. 1946-).


1993- President of the Government-in-Exile Maryam
Rajavi, Iran (in Paris)
From 1985-92 Commander-in-Chief of Muhjedin-Army
operating from Iraq. She is head of the 250 member exile-
parliament. Half of its members are women and the exile-
government is dominated by women.


1994-95 Deputy Chief of Government Salma Ahmed Rashed, Libya
1992-94 Assistant Secretary for Women and 1994-95 Secretary in the General
Secretariat of the General Peoples' Congress for Women's Affairs (Deputy Chief
of Government). 1996 Ambassador to the League of Arab Nations as the first
woman.

1994 and 1996-99 Vice-Premier Minister Bozgul Dodkhudoeva,
Tajikistan
1993-94 Minister of Education.

1994-96 Vice-Premier Minister Munira Abdulloyevna Inoyatva,
Tadjikistan
1993-94 Deputy Minister of Labour, 1994-99 also Minister of Education and
since 1999 Presidential Advisor of Social Affairs


1994-95 Minister of Foreign Affairs Sy Kadiatou Sow,
Mali
1998-2000 Governor of the Capital District of Bamako
1994-95 Minister of Foreign Affairs, Malians Abroad and African
Integration and 1995-98 Minister of Town Planning and
Housing.


1995-99 Vice-Premier Minister Abad Sehedana Rezeva,
Turkmenistan
Former vice-chair of the Parliament. From 1999 minister of
Education. Another version of her name is Abad
Sehedovna Irzayeva Risaveva.


1995- Vice-Premier Minister Dilbar Mukhammadkhonovna
Ghulomova, Uzbekistan
Chairperson of the State Committee for Womens Affairs from
1994.


1996-2001 Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed,
Bangladesh
Also known as Hasina Wazed, she is leader of the Awami League
since 1981 and Leader of the Opposition 1991-96. As Premier
one of her many other portfolios is that of Defence. Mother of 2
sons (b. 1945-).

1996-98 Vice-Premier Minister Larisa Gutnichenko, Kyrgyzstan
1995-96 Minister of Justice and 1996-98 Deputy Premier Minister for Social and
Cultural Policy.


1996-98 Vice-Premier Minister Mira Jangaracheva,
Kyrgyzstan
In 1992-95 Deputy Mayor of Bishkeh, 1995-96 Presidential
Advisor of Social Affairs. From 1998 Minister of Labour and
Social Welfare. (b. 1952-).


1997-2006 Vice-President Prof. Dr. Masoumek Ebtekar,
Iran
In charge of Environment (b. 1960-)


1997, 1998 (March-April), 1999, 2000 (November),
2001, 2002 (January), 2003 (June) and 2004
(June/July) ActingMinister of Foreign Affairs H.R.H.
Princess Hajah Masna binti Omer Ali of Brunei, Brunei
Since 1995 Ambassador-at-Large and Second in Command of
the Foreign Ministry and Acting Foreign Minister and Head of
Delegations to APEC, ASEAN, ASEM and other international
summits on various occasions. She is the sister of HM Sultan
Hassanal Bolkian Muizzaddin of Brunei and married to
Pengiran Lela Sahibun Najabah Pengiran Haji Abdul Aziz bin
Pengiran Jaya Negara Pengiran Haja Abu Bakar. Her full title
is Paduka Seri Pengiran Anak Puteri or Yang Teramat Mulina
Pengiran Anak Puteri. (b. 1948-)


1997-2001 Governor Selvi M. Fathima Beeri, Tamil Nadu
(India)
In 1983 she was appointed judge in the Kerala High Court.
1989-93 Judge in the Supreme Court of India as the first
woman. She was removed from the post of governor after
having appointed J. Jayalalitha Jayaram as chief minister in
spite of her conviction for corruption. (b. 1927-) .


1999-2000 Vice-Premier Minister Rima Khalaf Hneidi,
Jordan
1993-95 Minister of Trade and Industry, 1995-98 Minister of
Planning, 1999-2000 Deputy Premier Minister and Minister of
Planning. she resigned in 2000 because of disagreement with
the Premier Minister about the economic policies. Later same
year she became Assistant Secretary General of the UN and
Director of the UNDP Regional Bureau for Arab States.

1999- Vice-Premier Minister Djamal Geklenova, Turkmenistan
Ca. 1998-99 Minister of Consumer Goods and since 1999 Deputy Premier
Minister in charge of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce and Turkmen
Statistics and Forecasts Committee and Minister of Textile Industry and Foreign
Trade.


1999- Vice-Premier Minister Nigina Sharapova,
Tajikistan
Among others in charge of Women's Issues.

1999 Vice-Premier Minister Aitkul Baigaziyevna Samakova, Kazakstan
1997-99 Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade, 1999-2002 Minister Without
Portfolio and Chairperson of the National Committee on Family and Womens
Issues and from 2002 Minister of Environmental Protection


1999-2000 and 2001- Minister of Foreign Affairs Dodo
Achatou Mindaoudou, Niger
1995-96 she was Minister of Social Development, Population
and Women.


2000- Minister of Foreign Haja Mahawa Bangoura
Camara, Guinea
In 1995 she was Ambassador to USA and later to the United
Nations. Her official title is Minister to the presidency charged
with Foreign Affairs and an alternative version of her name is
Camara Hadja Mawa Bangoura


2000 President of the Executive Committee Nuria
Abdulahi, Harari (Ethiopia)
Only in office for around one month.


2001-04 Executive President Megawati Sukarnoputri,
Indonesia
When Megawati Setyawati Soekarnoputri became leader of the
Democratic Party in 1993, she triggered the opposition against
President Quarto. In 1999 her party won the most seats in the
Parliament, but Abdulrahman Wahid was elected President. This
caused serious riots all over the country and she was elected
vice-President the following day. In August 2000 the ailing
President Wahid charged her with the running of the daily
business of the government and state and she chaired the
cabinet meetings. At the 23rd of July he was ousted and she
inaugurated as President. Ibu Mega, as she is known, is
daughter of Indonesia's founding father Sukarno, is married for
the 3rd time and mother of 3 children. (b. 1946-).


2001-02 Premier Ministre Mame Madior Boye, Sngal
Former assistant to the Attorney General of the Republic, judge
and first vice President of the Regional High Court in Dakar and
former President of the Court of Appeal in Dakar. Councillor to
the Supreme Court of Appeal and Minister of Justice and Keeper
of the Seals in 2000-2001. In 2002 she took over as Minister of
Defence after the former incumbent resigned after almost 1.000
persons died in a ferry-disaster. (b.1940-).


2001-02 Vice-Premier Minister Sima Samar, Afghanistan
Appointed Deputy Leader of the Transitional Council or Deputy
Premier Minister and Minister of Women's Affairs, after the
woman-hating Taleban-regime was ousted. She had been
leader of a women's organization for a number of years. (b.
1957-).


2002- Vice-Premier Minister Enebay Geldiyevna Atayeva,
Turkmenistan
2001 minister of Social Affairs and Labour, and since 2001 Minister of
Economy and Finance. In 2002 she was appointed Deputy Premier Minister
responsible for the Banking Sektor. Her name is also transcribed as Ataeva
Enebay Gelgievna.


2002- Vice-Premier Minister Galina Karimovna Saidova, Uzbekistan
Deputy Premier Minister in charge of Analysis and Information.


2002-03 Vice-Premier Minister Ktia Rokiatou
N'Diaye, Mali(Second in Cabinet)
Former Civil servant she was Director of the Cabinet of the
President 1992-94 and the Special Advisor 1994-96. She is
3rd. Vice-President of the Rassemblement Pour Le Mali (Party)
and Minister of Health from 2002. (b. 1938-).


2003- Prefect Mudira Abu Bakr of the Dukan Region (Iraq)
The region is situated in the in northern Suleimaniyah Province in the part of
Kurdistan which is controlled by the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.


2003-06 Minister of Foreign Edna Adan Ismail,
Somaliland
A former World Health Organization representative in Djibouti,
she founded and is the Co-Patronn and Vice President of the
Board of Trustees of Somaliland's first Maternity Hospital.
Somaliland is a self-declared and de-facto independent
republic.


2006 Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-
Iweala, Nigeria
Former Vice-President of the World Bank and Corporate
Secretary. Minister of Finance 2003-06, and when she was
appointed Foreign Affairs in June 2006, she continued as the
Head of the Economic Reform Team, but resigned from the
government after being fired from this post in August.


2006- Minister of Foreign Affairs Joy Ogwu, Nigeria
Professor of International Affairs and Director of the Foreign
Affairs Institute through many years. (b. 1946-).
CURRENT WOMAN LEADERS
FEMALE PRESIDENTS

Also see Chronological List of Female Presidents,
Woman Heads of State and Government
and Woman Premier Ministers


06.04.1940-11.10.1944 Head of State Khertek
Anchimaa-Toka, People's Republic of Tannu Tuva
As Chairperson of the Presidium of the Parliament, the Little
Hral, Khertek Amyrbitovna was the Head of the state
which became Independent in 1921, a People's Republic in
1926, was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1944. She
had held various jobs in local administration and the party
administration, Chairperson of the Women Department of
the Central Committee of the Tuvinian People's
Revolutionary Party 1938-1940. Married to the First
Secretary of the TPRP, Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka in
1940, Deputy Chairperson of Oblast Executive
Committee 1944-1961 and Deputy Chairperson of the
Council of Ministers of Tuva 1961-1972. She lived (1912-
2008).


23.09.1953-07.07.1954 Acting Head of State Shbaataryn
Yanjmaa, Mongolia
Member of the Politburo of the Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party (MPRP) 1940-54, Secretary of the
Central Committee of the MPRP 1941-47, member of the
Presidium of the Little Hral 1940-50 and of the People's
Great Hral 1950-62. She was the widow of the great
national hero Damdiny Shbaatar (1893-1923) and as 1.
Deputy Chair of the Great Hral since 1950, she took over
during a vacancy on the post of Head of State
and Chairperson of the Hral. Born as Nemendeyen
Yanjmaa and lived (1893-1963).


31.10.1968-24.02.1972 Acting Head of State
Song Qingling, China
06.07.1976-05.03.78 Joint Acting Head of State
1979-1980 "Honorary President"
Born into a rich Christian family, she was educated in the
USA. In 1927-29 Member of Government Council, 1929-49
Leader of Opposition against her brother-in-Law President
Chiang Kai-chek and 1948 Honorary Chairperson of the
Kuomintang, 1949-54 Deputy Premier Minister, 1954-59
Vice-Chairperson of The Peoples' Republic (Deputy Head of
State), 1954-76 and 1975-78 Vice-Chairperson of the
National Peoples Congress, Vice-Chairperson of China
Peoples Consultative Consultative Conference, CPPCC. In
1968-74 the Post of Chair of the Republic was vacant and
she and the other Vice-Chairperson, Dong Bow shared the
Presidential Powers. In 1976 the Chairman of the NPC died
and the 21 vice-chairmen, including Song, acted as
collective heads of state until 1978 when a replacement
was elected. 1980 she was Chairperson of the 3rd Session
of the National Peoples Congress. Soong Qingling was
widow of Sun Yat-Sen, Provisoric President of China in
1911. Her sister Soong May-ling (b. 1897) played a crucial
role as wife of Chiang Kai-chek, President of China till 1945
and of Taiwan 1945-75. And her brother, T. V. Soong, was
Premier Minister in Taiwan. A third sister was a business
magnate. She lived (1893-1981).


01.07.1974- 24.03.1976 Executive President Maria Estella
Martnez de Pern, Argentina
Isabel Peron was Vice-President and President of the
Senate 1973-74. As Executive President she was also head
of the Cabinet. Chairperson of Partido Justicial, The Peronist
party 1974-85, removed by a coup d'tat and in Prison
1976-78, Exile in Spain 1981-93. She was married to
General Juan Peron, who was President two times. (b.
1931-).


17.11.1979-18.07.1980 Interim Executive President Lydia
Gueiler Tejada, Bolivia
As President she was also Head of the Cabinet. Lidia Gueiler
was member of Parliament 1956-64 and afterwards in exile
for 15 years. Circa 1978 Subsecretary for Agriculture, 1978
President of Camera de Diputados. Acting President of the
Congress and acting Deputy Head of State 1978-79.She
was President of Partido Revolucionario de los Izquierda
Nazional Gueiler 1979-94, Exile in France 1980-82,
Ambassador in Embassy to West Germany 1982-83, and to
Venezuela 1983-86 and since 1993 She was deposed by
the 129
th
Coup d'tat in the history of Bolivia, shortly
before elections was due. She lived (1921-2011).


01.08.1980-01.08.1996 President Vigds Finnbogadttir,
Iceland
In 1972-80 Director of Icelands National Theatre was the
worlds first democratically elected female President. Since
1996 she has been involved in a wide range of international
humanitarian and cultural organizations. She was a
divorcee and mother of an adopted a daughter. (b.1930-).


01.04-01.10.1981 Captain Regent Maria Lea Pedini Angelini,
San Marino
Every 6th month The Consiglio Grande e Generale elects
two Captain Regents, who acts as heads of State and
Government and as Chairmen of the Consiglio Grande e
Generale. From ca. 1991 she has been Director in Ministry
of Government and Foreign Affairs, since 1995 Ambassador
in the Ministry to Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland
etc. (b. 1954- ).


15.02.1982-15.02.1987 President Agatha Barbara, Malta
Labour M.P 1947-82 and for long periods the only woman in
Parliament. Minister of Education and Culture 1955-58 and
1971-74 Labour, Welfare and Culture (Third in Cabinet)
1974-81. In the last period she was Acting Prime Minister
on various brief occasions. She resigned as President 2
years ahead of time because Labour lost the 1987-
elections. She lived (1923-2002).


01.04.1984-01.10.1984 and 01.10.1989-01.04.90 Captain
Regent Gloriana Ranocchini, San Marino
Member of the Parliament. (b. 1957-).


14.05-16.05.1984 Acting Head of State Carmen Pereira,
Guinea Bissau
Has been Member of the African Party for the Independence
of Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) since 1962 and
later Political Commissioner for the Southern Front, and
only female member of the 24 members Committee
Executivo da Luta (CEL). In 1973-84 Deputy President of
Assemblia Nacional Popular, 1975-80 President of the
Parliament of Cap Verde (which was in union with Guinea
Bissau at the time) 1981-83 Minister of Health and Social
Affairs 1984-89 President of Assemblia Nacional Popular,
1989-94 Member the Council of State and 1990-91 Minister
of State (Deputy Premier) for Social Affairs. She acted as
head of state after Joo Bernardo Viera, Head of state since
1980, was elected President in 1984. In 1999 he was
deposed after a military coup d'tat. (b. 1937-).


25.2.1986-30.06.1992 Executive President Maria Corazn
Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino, The Philippines
Cory Aquino became leader of the opposition after the
murder of her husband Ninoi Aquino in 1986, and was
brought to power by the so-called "People Power", which
protested about President Marcos's attempts to remain in
power. She was also Head of the Cabinet. 1998 among the
senior advisors of the new President Estrada. During her
term in office she fought off 8 attempted coup d'tats.
Constitutionally barred from running for re-election. Mother
of 4 children. She lived (1933-2009).


13.03.1990-07.02.1991 Acting President Ertha Pascal-
Trouillot, Haiti
She was the first female High Court Judge 1986-90, and
became acting President during the turbulent political
situation in Haiti in a period where one Coup d'tat followed
the other. She was held hostage on one occasion by
soldiers attempting a coup. (b. 1943-).


05.04.1990-02.10.1990 Acting Head of State Dr. Sabine
Bergmann-Pohl, East-Germany
As President of the People's Chamber she was acting as the
last Head of State of the German Democratic Republic,
DDR/GDR before the reunification. After the reunification
she was Federal Minister without Portfolio for the New
Bundesstates 1990-91, Parliamentary State Secretary of
Health 1991-98 and member of the Bundestag 1998-2002.
Mother of two children. (b. 1946-).


25.04.1990-10.01.1997 Executive President Violeta Barrios de
Chamorro, Nicaragua
In 1979 Doa Violeta was member of the Ruling Junta after
the overthrow of the Somoza-dictatorship but left because
of disagreement with the Sandinistas. Between 1979-90
Publisher of the opposition newspaper La Prensa after the
murder of her husband, opposition leader Joaqun
Chamorro Cardenal. As Executive President she was also
Head of the Cabinet and Minister of Defence. She did not
run for re-election. (b. 1929- ).


03.12.1990-12.09.1997 President Mary Robinson, Ireland
In 1969 she was appointed Professor of Law, 1970-90 she
was Labour-senator. She did not run for re-election. From
1997 she has been Assistant Secretary General and United
Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights. Mother of two
children. (b. 1944-).


01.10.1991-01.04.1992 Captain Regent Edda Ceccoli, San
Marino
Member of the leadership of Partito Democratico Cristano
Sammarinese.


01.04.1993-01.10.1993 Captain Regent Patrizia Busignani,
San Marino
1983-90 President of Partito Socialista Unitario. From
around 1997 she was Chief of the Parliamentary Group of
Socialisti per le Riforme. In March 2006 she was candidate
for the post for the period starting in April 2006.


27.10.1993-05.02.1994 Acting Head of State Sylvie Kinigi,
Burundi
By the time of her appointment as Premier she was Head of
the Economic Planning Office in the Presidents Office.
During the Civil War the President was killed and as the
highest ranking remaining official, she became Acting
President (27.10.93-5.2.94). After her resignation, she left
politics and joined the Burundis Commercial Bank. (b.
1952-).


14.11.1994-19.11.2005 Executive President Chandrika
Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, Sri Lanka
Vice-President 1984-86 and President of Sri Lanka Maha
Jana Party 1984-86, Leader of United Socialist Alliance
1988 and since 1993 Leader of Peoples Alliance and
Deputy Leader of Sri Lanka Freedom Party, 1993-94 Chief
Minister of the Colombo Province and in a few months in
1994 Prime Minister. As Executive President she was also
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and held the
Portfolio of Defence and Finance and Planning 1994-2001
and was Minister of Defence, Information and Interior from
November 2003. She is the first person in the world to be
daughter of two premier ministers, Solomon and Sirivamo
Bandaranaike and the first to have appointed her mother to
the post of Prime Minister. Her husband politician Vijaya K.
was assassinated 1988, and during the Presidential
campaign in 2000 she survived an assassination-attempt
but lost vision in one eye. She was not allowed to stand for
re-election in 2005. She is mother of 2 children. (b. 1945-).


03.09.1996-02.08.1997 Chairman of the Council of State Ruth
Sando Perry, Liberia
1985-96 senator. Appointed to chair the Council of State
preparing the transfer to democracy after many years of
civil war. From 1999 Ruth Perry was 1. Vice-Chairperson of
the Organization for African Unity. (b. 1939-).


09.02.1997-11.02.1997 Acting Executive President Rosalia
Arteaga Serrano de Fernndez de Crdova, Ecuador
A former minister, she was Vice-President 1994-98 and
Presidential Candidate in 1998. She was inaugurated as
Acting President after her predecessor was removed from
office but two days after the Congress nominated someone
else. As Executive President she was also Head of the
Cabinet. Presidential Candidate in 1997. (b. 1953-).


11.11.1997-11.11.2011 President Mary McAleese, Ireland
Professor of Law and 1993-97 Pro-chancellor of University
of Belfast, the first person from Northern Ireland to be
elected President of Ireland. During the 1997-elections 5
candidates were female and there was only one token male
candidates finishing a distant last. 2004 she was returned
unopposed for a second term. (b. 1951-).


19.12.1997-11.08.99 Executive President Janet Jagan, Guyana
Her country's first white and first female President and was
executive President but worked together with the Prime
Minister. 1950-90 she held leading posts in the Progressive
People's Party, PPP, 1953 Deputy President of the National
Assembly, 1954 imprisoned by the British authorities for
her activities for independence 1957-61. Minister of Labour,
Health and Housing, 1963-64 Minister of Home Affairs
(Senator), 1973-97 Editor-in-Chief of The Mirror, 1993
Acting Permanent Representative to the United Nations. In
1997 her husband, President Dr. Cheddi Bharat Jagan,
died, and she was chosen to replace the Premier, who had
become President. Janet was chosen as her party's
candidate in the following Presidential elections. She was in
office until July 1999 when she suffered a mild hart attack
and chose to resign from her post 3 years ahead of time.
Born as Janet Rosenberg in Chicago, mother of two children
and lived (1920-2009).


01.01.1999-31.12.1999 President of the Confederation Ruth
Dreifuss, Switzerland
A former trade union-leader, she was Councillor of Interior
in 1992-2002 and Vice-President 1998-99. (b. 1939-).


01.04.1999-01.10.1999 and 01.04.2008-01.10.2008 Captain
Regent Rosa Zafferani, San Marino
Director in the Department of Finance, Budget and
Programs before she was elected to the Consiglio Grande e
Generale in 1998. Secretary of State of Health, Social
Security and Provision 2002-04, Secretary of State of Public
Education, University and Cultural Institutions from 2004
and 2005-06 also in charge of Internal Affairs. (b. 1960 in
USA).


08.07.1999-08.07.2007 President Vaira Ve-
Freiberga, Latvia
Born in Latvia and grew up in refugee camps in Germany,
went to school in French Morocco, University studies in
Canada. Retired from the Universite de Montreal in 1998,
after being a professor of psychology there since 1965 and
involved in various scientific and administrative
committees, among others as Vice-Chairperson of the
Science Council of Canada. She moved to Latvia as Director
of the newly created Latvian Institute in Riga. Candidate for
the Post of Secretary General of the United Nations in 2006.
Married to her fellow countryman, Imants Freibergs, also
exiled in Canada, who moved to Latvia in October 1999.
Mother of a son and a daughter. (b. 1937-).


01.09.1999-01.09.2004 Executive President Mireya Moscoso
Rodrgez, Panama
Since 1991 President of the Arnolfist Party (now
Panameista), 1994 Presidential Candidate. As Executive
President she is also head of the Cabinet, and she is the
first female President to have officially appointed a First
Lady - her sister, Ruby Moscoso de Young. She was
constitutionally barred from running for re-election. Mireya
was first married to President Arnulfo Arias Madrid (1901-
88) who was President of Panama 1940-41, 1949-51 and
1968. Married to Mr. Gruber 1991-97 and mother of an
adopted a child. (b. 1946-).


01.03.2000-01.03.2012 President Tarja Halonen, Finland
Member of Parliament 1979-2000, 1984-87 Chairperson of
the Social Affairs Committee and Member of the Presidium
of the Parliament, 1987-1990 Second Minister of Health and
Social Affairs (Health Minister) and 1989-1991 Minister of
Nordic Co-operation, 1989-91 Co-leader of Soumen
Sosialidemokraattinen Pulolue, The Social Democrats.
1990-1991 Minister of Justice 1995-2000 Minister of
Foreign Affairs. The position as President is very powerful -
especially concerning foreign politics. Mother of one
daughter. In August 2000 she married her partner trough a
decade, Pentti Arajrvi. They did not live together before
they moved into the Presidential palace. Mother of one
daughter. (b. 1943-).


01.04.2000-01.10.2000 Capitano Reggente Maria Domenica
Michelotti, San Marino
Former lecturer at San Marino University and Member of
the Consiglio Grande e Generale since 1998. She is widow
and her married name was Casadei Michelotti. Mother of
two girls (b. 1952-).


20.01.2001-30.06.2010 Executive President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo, The Philippines
As executive GMA is also Head of the Cabinet. 1987-1989
she was Assistant Secretary and 1989-92 Undersecretary of
Trade and Industry and Senator 1992-98. Secretary of
Social Development and Welfare 1998-2000 and The
President charged her with the leadership of the Cabinet
Meetings. In 2000 she resigned from her cabinet-post after
President Estrada was accused of accusations. In January
2001 he was forced to vacate the presidency and she
succeeded him. 2002 and 2003 also Minister of Foreign
Affairs and 2003 and 2006-07 Minister of Defence. 2004
she was re-elected to the post of President. In 2011 she
was arrested on charges for electoral fraud. Daughter of the
late President Diosdado Macapagal and Dr. Evangeline
Macaraeg-Macapagal, mother of two sons and a daughter
(b. 1947-).


23.07.2001-20.10.2004 Executive President Megawati
Sukarnoputri, Indonesia
When Megawati Setyawati Soekarnoputri became leader of
the Democratic Party in 1993, she triggered the opposition
against President Quarto. In 1999 her party won the most
seats in the Parliament, but Abdulrahman Wahid was
elected President. This caused serious riots all over the
country and she was elected vice-President the following
day. In August 2000 the ailing President Wahid charged her
with the running of the daily business of the government
and state and she chaired the cabinet meetings. At the
23rd of July he was ousted and she inaugurated as
President. In 2004 she lost her bid for re-election. Ibu
Mega, as she is known, is daughter of Indonesia's founding
father Sukarno, is married for the 3rd time and mother of 3
children. (b. 1946-).


30.12.2002-04.02.2004 Acting President Natasa Micic, Serbia
As President of the Assembly since 2001, she became
Acting President since the attempt to elect a President
failed twice. She continued her duties as Chairperson of the
Parliament. (b.1965-).


01.10.2003-31.03.2004 Capitano Reggente Valeria Ciavatta,
San Marino
01.04.2014-10.10.2014 Capitano Reggente
Member of the Grand and General Council for the Alianza
Populare since 1993 and Chairperson of the Council Group
2002-05, Party President 2006, Minister of Minister of
Internal Affairs and Civil Protection and Accomplishment of
the Programme 2006-12. As Captain Regent, she was joint
head of a state with a man, and also President of the
Parliament and Head of Government. Mother of twins. (b.
1959-).



23.11.2003-25.01.2004 Acting Executive President
Nino Burjanadze, Georgia
25.11.2007-20.01.2008 Acting Executive President
As Chairperson of the Parliament 2001-08 she took over
after former President Eduard Shevardnadze was forced to
resign as result of a "velvet revolution" after he rigged the
parliamentary elections and in 2007 she aced as President
again as the incumbent, Mikheil Saakashvili, resigned to run
in the January 2008-elections. President of Burjanadze-
Democrats 2003-08 and of Democratic Movement - United
Georgia since 2008 and Presidential Candidate in 2013. Her
full name is Nino Anzoris asuliBurjanadze, and her surname
is also transcribed as Burdzhanadze. Mother of two children.
(b. 1964-).


06.07.2004-08.07.2004 Acting Joint Head of State Barbara
Prammer, Austria
As Vice-President of the National Assembly she assumed
the Presidential duties together with the two other
members of the Presidium, when the outgoing President
died two days before his successor was to take office in
July. She is a former Federal Minister and leading member
of the Social Democrats of Austria, SP. From 2006
President of the Nationalrat. (b. 1954-).


01.04.2005-01.10.2005 Capitano Reggente Fausta Simona
Morganti, San Marino
In 1974 she was one of the first three women elected to the
Consiglio Grande e Generale. 1978-83 and 1988-92
Minister of State of Culture, Education and Justice, In the
late 1990s Leader in Partito Progressista Democartico
Sammarinese and Chief of the Parliamentary Group from
around 1997 to 2002 and then again later in 2002 and
Secretary of State of Public Education, Universities, Cultural
Institutions and Social Affairs in 2002. (b. 1944-).


16.01.2006- Executive President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf,
Liberia
1972-73 and 1977-79 Secretary of State of Finance, 1979-
80 Minister of Finance, 1980 President of the National
Bank, 1980-85 worked for the World Bank, 1985-86 in
house arrest after her return, 1990-92 Leading member of
exile-government of Amos Sawyer in United States of
America, 1992-97 African Director of the UNDP (United
Nations Development Program). From 1997 Leader of the
Unity Party. Presidential Candidate in 1997, Candidate for
the Chairmanship of the National Transitional Government
in 2003 and finally won the presidential elections in
November 2005. She is divorced, mother of a number of
children, and grandmother. (b. 1938-).


11.03.2006-11.03.2010 Executive President Michelle Bachelet
Jeria, Chile
11.03.2014- Executive President
2000-02 Minister of Health and 2002-04 Minister of
Defence. Her father, a general, was killed by the Pinochet
dictatorship. Her boyfriend was also detained, tortured and
disappeared. She and her mother were also detained and
tortured and afterwards lived in exile in Australia and East
Germany. She returned to Chile in 1979 and worked for
various NGOs helping children of the tortured and
disappeared. She had two children with her first husband
and a daughter with her former partner. (b. 1952-).


01.01.2007-31.12.2007 President of the
Confederation Micheline Calmy-Rey, Switzerland
01.01.2011-31.12.2011 President of the
Consideration
Former President of the Socialist Party of Gnve, she was
President of the Grand Conseil of Gnve 1993, Councillor
of Finance 1997-2002, Vice-President of the Cantonal
Government 2000-01 and President of the Cantonal
Government 2001-02. Federal Foreign Minister 2003-11
and Vice-President in 2006 and 2010. Eveline Widmer-
Schlumpf was elected Vice-President for 2011, the first time
two women would fill the two highest post in the
country. (b. 1945-).



25.01.2007-01.07.2007 Acting President Dalia
Itzik, Israel
01.08.2007-15.07.2007 Interim President
Former Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem in charge of Education,
Labour Member of the Knesset 1992-2005, Minister of
Environment 1999-2001, Minister of Trade and Industry
2001-02, Group Chairperson of Labour 2003-05 and Minister
of Communication in 2005. She joined Kadima, a new party
formed by Ariel Sharon in 2006 and Speaker of the Knesset
2006-09. She became Acting President when the President
Moshe Katsaw on his own request was temporary suspended
after the Attorney General announced that he would charge
the president with offences including rape, obstruction of
justice and fraud, on 1. July he resigned and she became
Interim President until his successor took office. Chairperson
of the Kadima Knesset Group 2009-12. (b. 1952-).


25.07.2007-25.07.2012 President Pratibha Patil, India
Member of the Government of Maharashtra 1967-78 and 1982-
85 as Deputy Minister, Public Health, Prohibition, Tourism,
Housing and Parliamentary Affairs 1967-72, Minister of Social
Welfare 1972-74, Minister of Public Health and Social Welfare
1974-75, Minister of Prohibition, Rehabilitation and Cultural
Affairs 1975-76, Minister of Education 1977-78, Minister of
Urban Development and Housing 1982-83 and Minister of Civil
Supplies and Social Welfare 1983-85, Congress Leader and
Leader of the Opposition 1979-80. Deputy Chairperson of the
Union Upper House, the Rajya Sabha 1986-88 and Acting
Chairperson in 1987, when the incumbent was elected
President, Governor of Rajasthan 2004-07. Married to
Devisingh Shekhawat, a former Mayor of Amravati. (b. 1934-).


10.12.2007- Executive President Cristina Fernndez de
Kirchner, Argentina
Won the first round of the presidential elections in October 2007
as candidate for Partido Justicalista. She was Member of the
Assembly of Santa Cruz 1989-95 and 1. Vice-President of the
Assembly in 1990, National Senator 1995-97 and again since
2001, National Deputy 1997-2001. President of the Senate
Committee of Contitutional Affairs since 2001. Her late husband
Nstor Carlos Kirchner (1950-2010) was President of Argentina
2003-07 and held a number of other posts. Mother of 2
children. (b. 1953-).


25.09.2008 Acting President Dr. Ivy Matsepe-
Casaburri, South Africa
Premier of the Free State 1996-99, Federal Minister of
Communication 1999-2009. Acting President on one or
two occations in 2003 and Member of the Pool of Possible
Acting Presidents from 2005 and Acting Executive after
the resignation of the President until a successor was
elected and sworn in. She lived (1937-2009).


01.10.2008-31.03.2009 Capitano Reggente Assunta
Meloni, San Marino
Member of the Consiglio Grande e Generale for Alianza Populare
from 2006. Married to Fabrizio Stacchini and mother of 2 sons.
(b. 1951-).


10.06.2009-16.10.2009 Interim President Rose Francine
Rogomb, Gabon
Secretary of State for the Advancement of Women and Human
Rights during the 1980s. As President of the Senate from 2008
she is Deputy Head of State and became Interim President
when President Bongo died until his successor was elected (his
son). (b. 1942-).


12.07.2009- President Dalia Grybauskait, Lithuania
1994-1995 Extraordinary Envoy and Plenipotentiary Minister at
the Lithuanian Mission to the EU and Deputy Head Negotiator for
the Europe Agreement with EU, 1996-1999 Plenipotentiary
Minister at the Embassy in USA, 1999-2000 Vice-Minister of
Finance and 2000-01 Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy
Head of the EU Accession negotiations, 2001-04 Minister of
Finance and 2004 EU-Commissioner of Financial Programming
and Budget 2004-09. Won 69% of the votes in the presidential
elections. Unmarried and no children. (b. 1956-).


01.01.2010- 31.12.2010 President of the
Confederation Doris Leuthard,
Switzerland
Member of the Assembly in Aargau 1997-2000, Vice-President of
Christian Democratic Party, CVP 2001-04, President of CVP
Schweiz 2004-06 and Federal Councillor of Economic
Affairs 2006-10 and Federal Councillor of Environment,
Transport, Energy and Communication and Vice-President in
2009. (b. 1963-).


07.04.2010-19.05.2010 Head of the Interim Government
19.05.2010- 01.12.2011 President Roza Otunbayeva,
Kyrgyzstan
Other versions of her surname
are Otunbaeva or Otunbajewa. 1983-86 Secretary of the
Municipal Communist Central Committee of Frunze, 1986-89
Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in the Kyrgyz SSR,
1991 Ambassador of the USSR to Malaysia, 1992 Kyrgyz
Deputy Premier Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1992-
93 Ambassador to USA and Canada and 1994 to Turkey,
Foreign Minister 1994-96, Ambassador to the United Kingdom
of Great Britain 1996-2003,Deputy Head of the United Nations
special mission to Georgia 2002-04, Acting Foreign Minister
2007, Parliamentary Leader of the Social Democrats 20009-10
and Interim Head of State and Government from April 2010
after the former President was ousted. In May she was
appointed President for the term ending in December 2011. (b.
1950-).


08.05.10.2010-08.05.2014pres President Laura Chinchilla Miranda,
Costa Rica
Vice-Minister of Security 1994-96, Minister of Public Security,
Interior and Police 1996-98, 1. Vice-President and Minister of
Justice 2006-08 and Acting Minister of Security in
2008. Resigned to become Liberal Party Presidential Candidate
for the 2010-elections which she won.(b. 1959-).


01.01.2011- President Dilma Vana Linhares Rousseff,
Brazil
Dilma Rousseff is a former student leader who fought Brazil's
military dictatorship as a guerrilla during the early 1970s and an
economist. Secretary of Mines, Energy and Communication of
Rio Grande do Sul 1993-94 and 1999-2002, Minister of Mines
and Energy 2003-05 and Minister and Secretary General of the
Presidential Staff (Cabinet Chief) 2005-10. (b. 1947-).


01.04.2011-01.10.2011 Capitano Reggente Maria Luisa
Berti, San Marino
Member of the Consiglio Grande e Generale for Noi Sammarinesi
since 2008. In 2011 she was also joint president of the parliament.
(b. 1971-)


07.04.2011- President Atifete Jahjaga, Kosovo
She was Deputy Chief of Police of Kosovo with rank of Major General at the time
of her election. Married to Astrit Kui. (b. 1975-)


01.01.2012 President of the Confederation
Eveline Widmer-Sclumpf,Switzerland
Councillor of Finance and Military of Graubnden 1998-
2007, Vice-President of the Government 2000 and 2004
and President of the Government 2001 and 2005, Federal
Councillor of Justice and Police 2008-10 and Councillor of
Finance from 2010 and Vice-President in 2011. (b. 1956-).


31.03.2012-21.07.2012 Acting President Monique Ohsan-
Bellepeau, Mauritius
1995-2000 Junior Minister of Urban- and Rural Development
and Prsident of the parti travailliste 2007-2010 and as Vice-
President since 2010, she took over in an acting capacity after
the resignation of her predecessor.


05.04.2012-31.05.2012 Acting President Slavica uki-
Dejanovi, Serbia
Dukic-Dejanovic is Vice-President of the Socijalistike partije
Srbije, and asPresident of the Skuptina 2008-12, she took over
as Head of State when her predecessor resigned. (b. 1951-)


07.04.2012- President Joyce Banda, Malawi
2004-06 Minister of Women, Child Welfare and Community
Service, 2006-09 Minister of Foreign Affairs, 2009-12 Vice-
President, Founder and leader of the People's Party in 2011 after
she fell out with the President who did not include her in the
Cabinet, though she remained Vice-President according to
theconstitution, and as such she took over as head of state after
the death of her predecessor. (b. 1950-)


01.10.2012-31.10.2013 Capitano Reggente Denise Bronzetti,
San Marino
Held various positions within the Politica del Partito Socialista Sammarinese and
Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici and member of the Consiglio Grande
Generale since 2006. (b. 1972-)


25.02.2013- President Park Geun-hye, South Korea
MP 1998-2012, Chairperson of the Grand National Party 2004-
06, Candidate in the party primaries for presidential candidate
in 2008, Leader of Saenuri (Renamed GNP) 2011-12. (b. 1952-
)


01.04.2013-
01.10.2013 Capitano Reggente Antonella Mularoni, San
Marino
Member of the General Grand Council 1993-2001 and again
from 2008, and Judge of the European Court of Human Rights
2001-08, Leader of the Government, Secretary of State of
Foreign and Political Affairs, Telecommunication and Transport
2008-12. (b. 1961-).


01.10.2013-01.04.2014 Capitano Reggente Anna Maria
Muccioli, San Marino
Member of the Consiglio Grande e Generale for the Partito
Democratico Cristiano since 2008. (b. 1964-).


23.01.2014- Acting Head of State Catherine Samba-
Panza, Central African Republic
Businesswoman and corporate lawyer. Appointed Mayor of the capital Bangui in
2013 by the former interim government before she was elected Interim President.
(b. 1954-).


04.04.2014- President Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca, Malta
Labour MP 1998-2014 and Minister of Family and Social Solidarity
2013-14. (b. 1958-).

WOMAN
PRIME MINISTERS
A list of female chiefs of government of Independent States and Self-ruling Territories from
the 20th century
Also see Chronological List of Woman Premier Ministers,
Female Heads of Governments prior to the 20th century,
Woman Premier Ministers of External Territories,
Woman Heads of State and Government
and Female Presidents



17.12.1917-09.03.1918 (Acting) Evheniya
Bohdanivna Bosch, Ukraine
, Yevgeniya Bogdanovna Bosh, or
Yevheniya Bohdanivna Bosh was People's Commissioner of,
and it was regulated by a number of documents that the
holder of this office was the Acting Head of the Executive
Power. She had been a socialist activist from 1890's, Head
of the Kyiv Committee of the Russian Social Democratic
Workers Party (RSDRP) 1911-12 until she was imprisoned
and a deprived of civil rights and exiled to Siberia for life.
After the revolution she became Secretary of Regional
Committee of RSDRP(B). She resigned from the government
in protest to the Brest-Litovsk Peace, according to
whichSoviet Russia occupied Ukraine. Afterwards she
worked on different party and Soviet posts outside Ukraine.
When the pain of her disease became unbearable, she
committed suicide. She was of German-Jewish origin, and
she originally named Gotlibovna Maysh, and lived (1879-
1925).


21.07.1960-27.03.1965 Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias
Bandaranaike, Sri Lanka
29.05.1970-23.07.1977
14.11.1994-10.8.2000
Chairperson 1960-93 and 1993-2000 President of Sri Lanka
Freedom Party, 1965-70 and 1988-94 Leader of The
Opposition, 1976 Chairperson of the Association of Non
Aligned Nations. As Prime Minister, she also held the posts
as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defence, Finance etc. She
carried on her husband's policies of socialism, neutrality in
international relations, and the active encouragement of the
Buddhist religion and of the Sinhalese language and culture.
In 1964 her coalition with the Marxist Lanka Sama Samaja
Party caused dissension in her government, which was
subsequently defeated in the general election of 1965. In
1970, however, her socialist coalition, the United Front,
regained power, and as prime minister she pursued more
radical policies. Her strategy, which included the
nationalization of important industries, was nullified by
repressive measures and failure to deal with ethnic rivalries
and economic distress; in the election of July 1977 her party
retained only 8 of 168 seats in the National Assembly and
she was replaced as prime minister. In 1980 parliament
expelled her and barred her from political office, but in 1986
the president granted her a pardon that restored her rights
Before her appointment to Prime Minister in 1994, she was
Senior Minister without Portfolio (Second in Cabinet) in her
daughter, Chandrika's cabinet. She stepped down in August
2000 to let her daughter reorganize the cabinet ahead of
elections; she died shortly after voting on election day. She
was the widow of Solomon B., Premier of Ceylon 1956-59
until he was assassinated. Her father Mr. Ratwatte was a
Senator. She is mother of three children. She lived (1916-
2000).


19.01.1966-24.03.1977 Indira Gandhi, India
14.01.1980-31.10.1984 ()
President 1959-60 and 1966-77 Leader of the Congress
Party. She was Minister of Information 1964-66 and
member of Rajya Sabha 1964-67 and of Lok Sabha 1967-
77, 1978 and 1980-84. In 1975 she declared a stated of
emergency and ruled as a dictator. She lost the 1977-
elections and imprisoned. After her release she was leader
of Congress (I) 1978-84 and as Premier she also held posts
of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Defence, Finance, Home
Affairs etc. Killed by Sikh bodyguard. She was daughter of
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-64()), married to
Feroze Gandhi in 1942. Her younger son Rajiv Ghandi was
Prime Minister (1984-89()). She lived (1917-84).


17.03.1969-10.04.1974 Golda Mer, Israel
Ambassador to USSR 1948-49, Minister of Labour 1949-56
and Minister of Foreign Affairs 1956-64, 1964-69 Secretary
General and 1969-74 Leader of Labour. When she became
Foreign Minister her last name was hebrewnized. She was
born in Russia as Golda Mabovic and later immigrated to
USA. Mother of two children and she lived (1898-1978).


03.01.1975-07.04.1976 lisabeth Domitin, Central
African Republic
As Premier Minister she was also Deputy Head of State and
acted as President on occasions when President Bokassa
was abroad. Also vice-President of the ruling Social
Evolution Movement of Black Africa (MESAN) 1975-79. She
criticized the plans of her cousin, Jean Bedel Bokassa, who
had been chief of state since 1966, who wanted to become
emperor, and in effect he sacked her. After his fall from
power in 1979 she was imprisoned and tried in February
1980. She later became an influential businesswoman in
Bangui, Married to the chief of the Mobaye Canton-
Mayorship. She lived (1925-2005).


03.05.1979-22.11.1990 Margaret Thatcher, United
Kingdom of Great Britain
MP 1959-90, Parliamentary Secretary of Pensions and
National Insurance 1961-64, Secretary of State of Education
1970-74, Shadow Minister of Environment and Housing
1974-75, Shadow Special Minister of Finance and Public
Expenditure 1975, Leader of The Conservative Party 1975-
90, Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition 1975-79. As Prime
Minister she was also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister
of the Civil Service. Head of the European Communities
Presidency - President of the European Council 1981 and
1986, she was President of the Group of Seven, G-7 all of
1984. Created Baroness Thatcher of Kestaven in 1990 and
member of the House of Lords. Mother of twins. She
lived (1925-2013).


01.08.1979-3.01.1980 Dr. Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da
Silva Pintasilgo, Portugal
Secretary of State of Social Affairs 1974, Ambassador to
UNESCO 1975-79, Minister of Social Affairs 1974-75,
Member of Council of State 1979-86 and Presidential
Candidate in 1986. Member of the European Parliament
1979-86. Unmarried. She lived (1930-2004).


21.07.1980-14.06.1995 Dame M. Eugenia Charles,
Dominica
Leader of Dominican Liberty Party 1964-94 and 1974-80
Leader of the Opposition. During her tenure as Premier she
was also Minister of External Affairs, Finance, Trade and
Industry, Defence, Minister of Information and Public
Relations. In 1992 she was Knighted by Queen Elizabeth of
the United Kingdom, the former Head of State of Domenica.
Unmarried and lived (1916-2005).


04.02.1981-14.10.1981 Gro Harlem Brundtland,
Norway
09.05.1986-16.10.1989
30.11.1990-25.10.1996
Minister of Environmental Protection 1974-79, Deputy
Leader 1975-81, Deputy Parliamentary Leader 1980-
81, Leader 1981-93 and Parliamentary Leader,
Parliamentary Leader of Arbeiderpartiet, Labour, 1980-81
and 1989-90 Chairperson of the Foreign and 1989-90 of the
Finance Committees, 1998-2002 Director General of the
World Health Organization, WHO, and Assistant Secretary
General of the United Nations. In 1986 she appointed a
world record number of women to the cabinet - 8 of 18. A
medical doctor, daughter of Gudmond Harlem (1917-88) a
former Minister and mother of 4 children. (b. 1939-).


15.05.1982-15.05.1986 Milka Planinc, Yugoslavia
Secretary of Trenjevka Peoples Assembly 1957,
Secretary of Cultural Affairs of the City of Zagreb 1961-63,
Croatian Secretary for Education 1963-65, President of
Assembly 1967-71, Leader of the Communist Party in
Croatia 1971-82. She lived (1924-2010).


02.12.1988-06.08.1990 Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan
19.10.1993-05.11.1996
Co-Chairperson 1984-94 and Leader of Pakistan People's
Party 1994-2007, in house arrest 1977-84 and in exile
1984-86. She also held the Portfolios of Defence, Atomic
Energy, Finance, Economy, Information and Establishment.
Both in 1990 and 1996 she was removed from office by the
President on charges of corruption and later convinced.
Returned to Pakistan in 2007 after 10 years in exile in
United Kingdom and Dubai to contest elections in January
2008, which she was widely expected to win, but was killed
by a suicide bomb in December 2007, her son and widower
took over as party-leaders and in 2008 Asif Ali Zardari was
elected president. She was daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto,
the former President and Prime Minister, who was executed
after the coup detat in 1979. Her three children were born
in 1988, 1989 and 1993. She lived (1953-2007).


17.03.1990-10.01.1991 Kasimiera Prunskien,
Lithuania
Deputy Premier and Minister of Economy 1989-90 and one
of the leaders of the struggle for independence. She became
leader of the government after the declaration of
independence at 11.3.90, which was internationally
recognized at 6.9.91. In 1991 Chairperson of Democratic
Party, and from 1995-2001 Chairperson of Womens Party,
1996-2000 Group Chairperson of the independent MPs,
and Chairperson of the Peasants and New Democratic
Parties Union 2001-04. Presidential Candidate in 2002 and
2004 andMinister of Agriculture 2004-08. (b. 1945-).


20.03.1991-30.03.1996 Begum Khaleda Zia,
Bangladesh
01.09.2001-29.10.2006
Vice-Chairperson of The Nationalist Party 1982-84 and
Leader since 1984. Her husband, President Zia-ur-Rahman,
was Premier Minister 1976-77 and President 1977-81 until
he was assassinated. Khaleda was detained seven times
during nine years of autocratic rule. In the face of mass
upsurge spearheaded by the seven-party alliance, led by
Khaleda, and the eight-party combine, led by Sheik Hasina
Wajed, Ershad resigned in 1990 and handed over power to
neutral caretaker government, bringing an end to his nine-
year autocratic rule. During her first tenure as Premier she
was also Minister of Defence, Establishment, Cabinet
Diversion and Planning, Information Energy and Resources.
1996-2001 Leader of the Opposition. Resigned in October
2006 to prepare for the elections later in the year, which
was postponed because of unrests. Her sons, Tareque
Rahman and Arafat Rahman Koko were arrested on
corruption charges in March and April 2007, and In
September the same year she was herself charged with
corruption and the military supported care-taker
government tried to pressure her into exile. The charges
against her was dropped in 2008. (b. 1945- )


15.05.1991-02.04.1992 Edith Cresson, France
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, External 1981-
83, Trade 1983-84, Industry 1984-86, European Affairs
1988-90. She was European Union Commissioner for
Science, Research, Education and Youth 1995-99. In march
1999 she brought along the downfall of the EU-Commission
as she refused the step down after a rapport had
demonstrated that she was responsible of nepotism and
mismanagement. (b. 1934-).


08.07.1992-26.10.1993 Hanna Suchocka, Poland
As Minister President she was also Vice-President of the
National Security Council. Member of Solidarity in 1980 and
member of the Sejm 1982-85 and again 1989-2002 for
various parties. 1991-97 member of Committee for Foreign
Affairs and the Constitutional Committee. Vice-President of
the Council of Europe 1991-92. In 1994 she was co-founder
of the new Freedom Union (UW, liberal and social
democratic) and member of it's leadership. The following
year she was candidate in the party's primary for Presidential
candidate, 1997-2000 Minister of Justice and Procurator-
General. 1999 official Polish candidate for the office of the
secretary general of the Council of Europe. Since 2002
Ambassador to the Vatican. Unmarried. (b. 1946-).


10.07.1993-11.02.1994 Sylvie Kinigi, Burundi
By the time of her appointment as Premier she was Head of
the Economic Planning Office in the Presidents Office.
During the Civil War the President was killed and as the
highest ranking remaining official, she became
Acting President(27.10.93-5.2.94). After her resignation she
left politics and joined the Burundis Commercial Bank. (b.
1952-).


25.06.1993-07.03.1996 Tansu iller, Turkey
Assistant Professor 1974-83 and 1983-90 Professor of
Economics at Bosphorus University. Minister of State and
Chief Economic Coordinator 1991-93, Deputy Premier
andMinister of Foreign Affairs 1996-97. She was Deputy
Chairperson 1990-93 and 1993-2002 Chairperson of DYP,
The True Path Party. On 1.6.97 Premier Minister Erbakan,
leader of the Islamic Party resigned in order with the
purpose of her taking over as Premier, but President
Demirel chose Meshut Yilmaz, who managed to form a
government among others because of defections from her
party. Mother of two children. (b. 1946-).


25.06.1993-04.11.1993 A. Kim Campbell, Canada
Executive Director, Office of British Columbia Premier 1985-
86, Progressive Conservative MP 1988-93, Minister of State
(Indian Affairs and Northern Development) 1989-90,
Minister of Justice and Attorney-General 1990-93 and
Minister of Defence and Minister of Veteran Affairs in 1993.
As Prime Minister, 1993, she was also Minister responsible
for Federal-Provincial Relations. She was leader of the
Progressive Conservative party, 13.06.1993-13.12.1993,
resigning after the party lost all but two seats in the House
of Commons in the 1993 election in spite of gaining about
16% of the vote. She became a lecturer at Harvard
University and has been Consul General of Canada in Los
Angeles since 1996. Married with a stepdaughter. (b. 1947-
).


18.07.1993-07.05.1994 () Agathe
Uwilingiyimana, Rwanda
Minister of Education from 1992 till her appointment as
Premier. On the 06.05 1994 the Hutu President
Habyarimana was killed together with his Burundian
colleague, Cyprien Ntaryamira, when their plane was
rocketed on its way to Kigali airport. Agathe, a Hutu, was
killed by the Tutsi Presidential guard together with her
family and 10 Belgian soldiers, the day before she was
supposed to step down as Premier Minister. The two killings
sparked off the civil war and genocide of approximately 1
million Hutus and Tutsies. Mother of about 6 children. She
lived (1953-94).


16.10.1994-25.01.1995 (Interim) Reneta Ivanova
Indzhova, Bulgaria
Also know as Reneta Injova she was leader of an interim
government consisting of technocrats. Her Deputy Premier,
Minister of Economy and Finance was Hristina Vucheva. In
1995 she was mayoral candidate in Sofia, 2001 Presidential
Candidate and the same year she became Chairperson of
the Democratic Alliance. (b. 1953-).


19.8.1994-14.11.1994 Chandrika Bandaranaike
Kumaratunga, Sri Lanka
Chief Minister of the Western Province before becoming
Prime Minister. After a few months she became President,
and later appointed her mother, Sirivamo Bandaranaike, to
her third term as Prime Minister. She was President 1994-
2005. (1945-).


07.11.1995-27.02.1996 Claudette Werleigh, Hati
An economist, she became Minister of Social Affairs 1990-
91,Minister of Foreign Affairs 1993-95 and was Executive
Director of the Washington Office of Haiti 1993. Later an UN
official. (b. 1946- ),


23.06.1996-15.7.2001 Sheikh Hasina Wajed,
Bangladesh
06.01.2009- Prime Minister
Her father, Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-
72-75), and most of her family was killed during a military
coup in 1975 when she and her sister were abroard.
Returned to Bangladesh in 1981, President of the Awami
Leauge from 1981, Opposition Leader 1986-87 and 1991-
96 and 2001-06. In 1983, she formed the 15-party alliance
to launch a movement to oust General Ershad from power
and was in and out of prison throughout the 1980s and
was under house arrest a few times. Her party, along with
the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, led by Begum Khaleda
Zia, was instrumental in the movement against the military
rule. 2007 she was arrested on corruption and murder
charges, but was allowed to go to USA for medical
treatment in 2007 though the military supported care-taker
government tried to pressure her into exile. Returned in
November 2008 to lead her party in the election campaign,
which her party won overwealmingly. Married to the
nuclear scientist Dr M. A. Wazed Miah and mother a son,
Sajeeb Wazed Joy, and a daughter, Saima Wazed Putul,
who both lives in the USA. (b. 1947- ).


17.03.1997-22.12.1997 Janet Jagan, Guyana
As Premier Minister she also held the title of 1. Vice-
President and she was Minister of Mines. Her political career
started in 1950 and she held many positions. In 1997 her
husband, Dr. Cheddi Bharat Jagan, died, and she was
chosen to replace the Premier who succeeded Mr. Jagan as
President. Janet was chosen as her party's candidate in the
following Presidential elections, which she won. Afterwards
she re-appointed the former President to the post of Prime
Minister after being sworn in as President. She was born as
Janet Rosenberg in Chicago and mother of two children, and
lived (1920-2009).


08.12.1997-10.12.1999 Jenny Shipley, New Zealand
Minister of Women's Affairs 1990-98, Social Affairs 1990-93,
Minister of Health 1993-96, Transport, State Services and
State-Owned Enterprises, Accident Rehabilitation and
Compensation Insurance 1996-97. As Premier she was also
Minister in charge of the New Zealand Security Intelligence
Service. She ousted then Prime Minister Jim Bolger as
leader of the National Party and after his resignation she
became leader of the government. 1999-2001 she was
Leader of the Opposition. Mother of two children. (b. 1952-
).


31.08.1998-23.09.1998 (Acting) Anne Enger
Lahnstein, Norway
Acting Premier during Kjell Magne Bondevik's sick leave
because of stress and psychological problems. She was
Deputy Leader 1983-91, Parliamentary Leader, 1989-91 and
Leader of The Centre Party 1991-99. 1. Deputy to the Prime
Minister and Minister of Culture of the centre-right-
government 1997-99, Vice Chairperson of the Defence
Committee of Stortinget 1999-2001 and Governor of stfold
since 2003. (b. 1950-).


03.05.1999-10/18.05.1999 (Acting) Irena Degutien,
Lithuania
27.10.1999-03.11.1999 (Acting)
Medical Doctor, 1994-97 Vice-Minister of Health and Minister
of Labour and Social Affairs 1997-2000, Deputy Speaker of
the Seimas 2008-09 and from 2012 and Speaker 2009-12.
(b. 1949-).


22.07.1999-30.07.1999 (Acting) Tuyaa Nyam-Osoryn,
Mongolia
A former journalist and director in the Foreign Ministry, she
was Minister of Foreign Affairs 1998-2000 and appointed
acting Premier after her predecessor's resignation. (b. 1958-
).


10.12.1999-19.11.2008 Helen Clark, New Zealand
MP since 1981. Chairperson of the Foreign Affairs and
Defence Select Committee 1984-87, Minister of Housing and
Conservation 1987-89, Deputy Premier and Minister of
Labour and Health 1989-90, Deputy Leader of Labour and of
the Opposition 1990-93 and Leader of Labour 1993-2008
and Leader of the Opposition 1993-99. As Prime Minister
she also held the Portfolio of Arts and Culture and Security
Intelligence Service and Ministerial Services and Acting
Foreign Minister in 2008. , Head of the United Nations
Development Programme, UNDP from 2009. In 1981 she
married Dr. Peter Davis. No children. (b. 1950-).


03.03.2001-04.11.2002 Mame Madior Boye, Sngal
Former assistant to the Attorney General of the Republic,
judge and first vice President of the Regional High Court in
Dakar and former President of the Court of Appeal in Dakar.
Councillor to the Supreme Court of Appeal and Minister of
Justice and Keeper of the Seals in 2000-2001. In 2002 she
took over as Minister of Defence after the former incumbent
resigned after almost 1.000 persons died in a ferry-disaster.
(b.1940-).


11.07.2002-31.07.2002 (Acting) Chang Sang, South
Korea
Appointed Acting Prime Minister upon her designation, which
was vetoed by the parliament at the 30.7 and about one
month later the parliament also rejected President Kim Dae
Jung's nominee as her successor. She holds a doctorate in
philosophy from Princeton Theological College in the United
States. She has been President of Ewha Women's University
since 1996. (b. 1939-).


03.10.2002-16.07.2003 Maria das Neves Ceita
Batista de Sousa, Republic of So Tom e Prncipe
23.07.2003-18.09.2004
Maria das Neves worked as a civil servant in the Ministry of
Finance and in the African Development Bank. 1999-2001
Minister of Economics, Agriculture, Fisheries, Commerce
and Tourism, 2001-02 Minister of Finance and 2002
Minister of Industry, Commerce and Tourism. On 16th of
July 2003 she was detained during a military coup d'etat
but on the 23rd the government was reinstated. The
following year she was dismissed after aaccusations of
corruption. (b. 1958-).


17.04.2003-24.06.2003 Anneli Jtteenmki, Finland
1991-94 and 1999-2000 Deputy Parliamentary Leader and
since 2000 leader of Suomen Keskusta/Centern i Finland,
1994-95 Minister of Justice. In 2003 Speaker of the
Parliament. On 18.06 she tendered in her resignation
application after it was revealed that she had used
confidential material to aid her election campaign and then
lying about how she had got the documents. (b. 1955-).


28.06.2003-15.12.2003 Dr. Beatriz Merino Lucero,
Peru


Senator 1990-92, Member of the Congress 1995-2000,
Vice-Presidential Candidate 2000 and Superintendent of
the National Tax Administration before becoming a very
popular President of the Council of Ministers, until she was
sacked by the extremely unpopular President. (b. 1949-).


17.02.2004-16.01.2010 Lusa Das Diogo,
Moambique
Head of Department in the Ministry of Finance 1986-89,
National Budget Director 1982-89 in Ministry of Planning
and Finance, worked in World Bank 1993-94. 1994-2000
Vice-Minister and Minister of Planning and Finance 2000-
05. Mother of three children. (b. 1958-).


12.05.2004-02.06.2004 (Acting)
18.11.2004-17.12.2004 (Acting) Radmila Sekerinska,
Macedonia
As Vice-President of the Government and Minister without
Portfolio for Euro-Atlantic Integration 2002-06, she acted as
Head of Government from the former Prime Minister
Crvenkovski's Presidential inauguration until election of
Kostov as new Prime Minister. She already presided over
government sessions and signed documents since
Crvenkovski became candidate for President, as he
'renounced' his Premiership during the campaign, but he
never officially stepped down. In November she was again
appointed Acting Premier after her predecessor resigned,
but lost the party internal election for the post of Prime
Minister and Leader of the Social Democratic Alliance of
Macedonia (SDSM). Party Vice-President 1999-2006 and
Leader 2006-08. (b. 1972-).


24.01.2005-08.09.2005 Yuliya Tymoshenko, Ukraine
18.12.2007-11.03.2010
Her name is also transcribed as Yulia Voldyrovna
Timoshenkno. She is former Co-Leader of the Hromda
party, Director of United Energy System 1998-2000, In
2001 she was charged with corruption but later acquitted.
Leader of the Fatherland's Party 2000/01-05 and of the Bloc
Tymoshenko from 2005. In June 2006 a Coalition deal was
signed designating her as Prime Minister, but one of the
parties broke out. Narrowly defeated in the 2010-
presidential elections and afterwards her coalition in
parliament broke up and she was defeated by a motion of
no confidence. The following year she was sentenced to
seven years in prison in what is widely seen as a political
trial, but fried after the uprising in February 2014. (b. 1961-
).


07.06.2005-21.05.2006 Maria do Carmo Trovoada
Pires de Carvalho Silveira, So Tom e Princpe
Normally known as Maria do Carmo Silveira, she
was governor of the National Bank 2002-05 and member of
the Political Bureau of the Movement for the Liberation of
Sao Tom-Social Democratic Party, MLSTP-PSD. Also
Minister of Finance from 2005. (b. 1961-).


03.05.2005-22.06.2005 (Acting) Cynthia A. Pratt, The
Bahamas
Appointed Acting Prime Minister when the incumbent
suffered a minor stroke and stepped aside from his duties,
but she has acted on a number of occasions before, when
he was abroad. She is also known as "Mother" Pratt. As
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Security 2002-07 she
was in charge of the Defence Force and Police. She was
Opposition Whip Ca. 1992-2000 and from ca. 2000 Deputy
Leader of the Opposition and Deputy Leader of the
Progressive Liberal Democratic Part. A former nurse, she is
mother of 6 children (b. 1945-).


22.11.2005- Angela Merkel, Germany
1990 Deputy Spokesperson of the Government of the DDR,
1990-98 Deputy Chairperson of CDU, 1991-94 Federal
Minister Women and Youth and 1994-98 Federal Minister of
Environment, Protection of Nature and Reactor Safety,
1993-2000 Chairperson of CDU in Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern, 1998-2000 Federal Secretary General and
since 2000 Federal Chairperson of CDU and 2002-05 also
Parliamentary Leader, Chairperson of the European Council
and President of the Group of Eight, G-8 in 2007.
NeKasner and married secondly to Joachim Sauer, no
children. (b. 1954-).


30.03.2006-11.09.2007 Portia Simpson-Miller,
Jamaica
05.01.2012-
Since 1976 MP, 1976-82 Parliamentary Secretary of the
Prime Minister, Deputy President of People's National Party
1978-2006 and President from 2006. Minister of Labour,
Social Welfare and Sports 1989-2000, Candidate for the
party leadership and Premiership in 1992, Minister of
Tourism, Entertainment, Sports and Womens Affairs 2000-
02 and Minister of Local Government, Community
Development and Sport 2002-06. Acting Prime Minister on
various occasions whenever the chief of government was
out of the country. 2006-2007 and from 2012 also Minister
of Defence and a number of other portfolios. Opposition
Leader 2007-11. (b. 1946-).


19.04.2006-07.03.2007 Han Myung-sook, South
Korea
During the years of the military dictatorship, she started
her career as a social activist in the South Korea Christian
Academy and was a political prisoner 1979-81. Master in
Christian Theology and Women's Studies and B.A. in
French.MP from 2000. Minister of Gender Equality 2001-03
and Minister of Environment 2003-04 She resigned to run
as candidate in the Uri-party internal primaries but soon
after the party merged with other parties into the United
New Democratic Party and Chairperson of the Supreme
Council of the Democratic United Party from 2012. (1944-).


31.03.2008-14.09.2009 Zinaida Greciani, Moldova
Vice-Minister 2000-01 and First Vice-Minister of Finance
2001-02,Minister of Finance 2002-05 and 1. Vice Prime
Minister and Coordinator of the activity of executive
institution in charge with economic-financial sector from
2005. Following the parliamentary elections in March she
was put forward on two rounds of voting for the post of
President in May and June but got 60 votes, one short of
the required majority. The Communists lost the
subsequent elections and she resigned to take up her
position as an MP. (b. 1956-).


31.07.2008-11.11.2009 Michle Pierre-Louis, Haiti
The third nominee by president Preval since March, has
been Executive Director of the Foundation of Knowledge
and Liberty since 1995. On 31.07 the Senate confirmed her
nomination and she was appointed to the post by the
President and on 05.09 the two chambers had approved
her programme of government and list of ministers and
she finally took over the government. (b. 1947-).


03.12.2008-05.12.2012 Antonella Mularoni, San
Marino
As Secretary of Foreign and Political Affairs she also
functions as Leader of the Government even though the
Captain Generals are both Heads of State and
Government. She was Political Secretary to the Minister
of Finance 1986-87, Director of the Office for relations
with the associations of San Marino citizens living abroad
1987-90, Deputy Permanent Representative to the
Council of Europe, 1989-90, Barrister and public notary in
the Republic of San Marino 1991-2001, Member of the
General Grand Council 1993-2001 and again from 2008,
and Judge of the European Court of Human Rights 2001-
08. (b. 1961-).


01.02.2009-23.05.2013 Jhanna Sigurardttir,
Iceland
Johanna Sigurdardsottir was Deputy Chairperson of the
Social Democrats 1984-93, Chairperson 1994-99 of the
National Revival Party until she rejoined the Social
Democrats and became it's leader in 2009, Vice-President
of the Lower Chamber 1979 and 1983-84 and Vice-
Chairperson of the the Aling 2003-07, Minister of Social
Affairs And Health 1987-91 and Minister of Social Affairs
1991-94 and 2007-09. First married to orvaldur Steinar
Jhannesson with whom she has got sons, and is now
married to the author Jnna Lesdttir, who is mother of 1
son. (b. 1942-)


06.07.2009-23.12.2011 Jadranka Kosor, Croatia
Vice-President of the Sabor 1995-2000 and 2011, Deputy
Chairperson of HDZ 1995-97, Party Leader 2009-12 and
Leader of the Opposition 2011-12. Deputy Prime Minister
and Minister of War Weterans from 2003, Minister for
Family and Inter-Generation Solidarity 2003-08 and
responsible for Foreign Policy and Human Rights.
Presidential Candidate 2005. (b. 1953-).


21.10.2009-13.11.2009 (Acting)
18.12.2009-20.12.2009 Ccile Manorohanta,
Madagascar
Ccile Marie Ange Dominique Manorohanta was Vice-
Minister of Education and Scientific Research 2007, Minister
of Defence 2007-09 and Vice-Premier and Minister of
Interior in 2009. As part of the power struggle she was in
charge of the government from October to November as
the appointed Premier could not be sworn in and when he
was abroard in December, she again acted as his stand-in
until he was dismissed and she appointed as his successor,
but herself replaced after 2 days.


26.05.2010- Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Trinidad and
Tobago
Attorney General (second in Cabinet) 1995-06 and 2001,
Minister of Legal Affairs 1996-99 and 2001 and Minister of
Education 1999-2001.First appointed acting premier on the
absence of the Premier in September 2000. Leader of The
United National Congesss and Oppostion Leader 2006-07
and 2010 and Political Leader from 2010. (b. 1952-)


22.06.2010-22.06.2011 Mari Kiviniemi, Finland
MP from 1991, Deputy Parliamentary Leader of the
Center Party in 2003, Party Vice-Chairperson 2003-08
and Party Chairperson 2010-12, Political Advisor of the
Prime Minister 2004-07, Minister of Foreign Trade and
Development Aid and Minister at the Prime Minister's
Office 2005-06 and Minister of Public Administration and
Local Government 2007-10. Mother of 2 children. (b.
1968-)

19.03.2011-28.07.2011 Rosario del Pilar Fernndez
Figueroa, Peru
Minister of Justice 2007-09 and again from 2010. Her
official title is Presidenta del Consejo de Ministros del
Per


24.06.2010-27.12.2013 Julia Gillard, Australia
MP from 1998, Manager of Opposition Business in the
House of Representatives 2003-06 and Deputy Leader of
Labor 2006-10, Deputy Leader of the Opposition 2006-07
and Leader of Labour 2010-13,Deputy Prime Minister and
Minister for Education, Employment and Workplace
Relations and Social Inclusion from 2007-10. Her parents
immigrated to Australia from Wales. She lives with her
partner and has no children. (b. 1961-).


08.07.2010-04.04.2012 Iveta Radiov, Slovakia
Iveta Radicova is Professor of Sociology and Political
Sciences at the Comenius University in Bratislava, from
2005 Director of the Institute of Sociology at the Slovak
Academy of Sciences, 2005-06 Minister of Labour and
Social Affairs, MP from 2006 and Deputy Leader of the
Democratic and Christian UnionDemocratic Party 2006-10
and Party Leader 2010-12. Presidential Candidate for all
the opposition parties in 2009 and finished second in the
second round of voting, and in 2010 the opposition 4-party
coalition won the elections, but lost 2 years later after the
coalition broke down. Minister of Defence from 2010 (b.
1956-).



04.04.2011-22.03.2012 Ciss Mariam Kadama Sidib,
Mali
Mariam Sidib was Minister of Planning and International
Cooperation1991-92 and Minister of Agriculture and
Environment in 1992, Executive Secretary of the
intergovernmental Interstate Committee on the Fight
Against Desertification in the Sahel 1993-2000, Special
Counselor to the President 2001-02, Minister of Rural
Development in 2002 andPresident of the administrative
council of Mali's government Tobacco corporation 2003-11.
Deposed in a military coup together with the president. (b.
1948-).


08.08.2011-07.05.2015 Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand
A former buisness woman and main candidate for the Pheu
Thai Party which won about 50% of the votes in the
parliamentary elections.Defence Minister 2013-14. She is
a member of a walthy family, her father, uncle and other
family members were MPs her brother and brother-in-law
were Prime Ministers and her sister Mayor of Chiang
Maiand very influential in the party. In 2013 she won a
parliamentary election, but the Constitutional Court
annuled the result and later ruled that she had to resign,
as the third Prime-Minister from the party forced to resign
by the court. She is married to businessman Anusorn
Amornchat and mother of a son. (b. 1967-).


03.10.2011- Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Denmark
Social Democrat Member of the European Parliament 1999-
2004 and Member of the Parliament, Party Chairperson
from 2005 and Chairperson of the European Council, the
rotating presidency of the European Union. Married to
Stephen Kinnock and mother of two daughters. (b. 1966-)


10.02.2012-12.04.1212 (Acting) Adiatu Djal
Nandigna, Guinea Bissau
Also known as Maria Adiatu Diallo Nandigna, she
wasMinister of Culture, Youth and Sport 2007-08 and has
been Second in Cabinet since 2008 and Minister of the
Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Social
Communication and Parliament from 2009. Deposed in a
military coup together with the Interim President
between the first and second round in the Presidential
Elections


20.03.2013- Alenka Bratuek, Slovenia
Alenka Bratusek has been MP from 2011 and Acting Leader
of the Positive Slovenia party 2013-14. She is former Head
of the Directorate for the State Budget at the Ministry of
Finance. (b. 1970-)


13.06.2013-02.09.2013 Sibel Siber, the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus
MP from 2009 in the self-declared state that comprises the
northeastern part of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by
Turkey. She received the hightest number of votes in 2013
General Election and became Speaker of the Assembly,
theCumhuriyet Meclisi


10.07.2013- Tatyana Turanskaya, Transnistria
Earlier in 2013 she was appointed Deputy Prime Minister
with responsiblity for Regional Administration in the the
self-declared and de facto independent Republic
of Transnistria within the territory of Moldova. (b. 1972-)


03.09.2013- Aminata Tour, Sngal
Chair of the Electoral Campaign of Landing Savan in 1993, worked in
various international organisaitons among others as head of the Human
Rights Department of the UN Population Fond and Director of the Cabinet
of President Macky Sall 2010-12 and Minister of Juctice and Third in the
Cabinet 2012-13. (b. 1962-)


20.10.2013- Prime Minister Erna Solberg, Norway
Deputy Leader of Hyre 2002-04 and Party Leader from
2004, Minister of Local Government and Regional
Development 2001-05, Deputy to the Prime Minister 2004-
05. Married to Sindre Finnes and mother of 2.(b. 1961-)


22.01.14- Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma, Latvia
1999-2000 Deputy State Secretary of Agriculture, 2000-06 State
Secretary of Agriculture, 2007-10 State Secretary of Regional
Development, 2010-11 Deputy State Secretary Regional
Development and 2011-14 Minister of Agriculture. Joined the Unity
Party after she was nominated as chief of the government by the party
chair and President of the Parliament Solvita boltia. (b. 1951-)

Last update.14.05.14
FEMALE
MINISTERS OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Apart from the women who have been Foreign Ministers a large number of women have
been deputy ministers. They can be found in the various country-entries in Women in
governments by countryand Current Female Foreign Ministers. Also see Chronological List of
Female Foreign Ministers


1947-53 Ana Pauker, Romania
1949-52 Vice-President of the Council of Ministers. She
lived (1893-1960).


1956-64 Golda Mer, Israel

Ambassador and Minister since 1948. 1969-74 Premier
Minister. She lived (1898-1978).


1960-66 and 1970-77 Sirivamo D.R. Bandaranaike,
Sri Lanka

As Premier Minister she also held a number of other
Portfolios, among others as Minister of External Relations.
She lived (1916-2000).


1967-69 and 1984 Indira Gandhi, India
As Premier Minister 1964-66 and 1980-84 she also held a
number of other Portfolios, among others as Minister of
External Relations. She lived (1917-84).


1969-76 Nguyn Th Bnh, The Provisorial
Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Binh was Foreign Affairs Spokesperson of the
National Liberation Front 1966-68 and Head of
Delegations to the Peace Negotiations in Paris in 1968.
1976-87 she was Minister of Education in the re-united
country. Since 1981 Member of the Council of State and
1987-92 one of a number of Vice-Chairmen of the Council
from 1987. 1992-2002 the only Vice-President (b. 1927-
).


1974 Princess Elizabeth Rukidi Nyabongo of Toro,
Uganda
Also known as Elizabeth Bagaya, she was Ambassador-at-
Large 1971-1973, to Egypt and Ethiopia1973-74, to
United Nations 1974,Spokesperson for the National
Resistance Movement (NRM) in Europe 1980-1986,
Ambassador to USA 1986-88. In 1989 she refused to be
transferred to France. When her brother was reinstalled
as king Patric Olimmi Kaboyo II in 1993, she officially
took the office of Batebe, chief advisor, which she had
been installed to in 1966. When died in 1995 she became
one of the guardians for hisson Iguru IV (b. 1993-
). Ambassador to Germany 2006-08 and The Vatican
2006-07 and to Nigeria from 2008. She is daughter of
King Sir George David Kamurasi Rukidi III of Toro (1927-
65) and was married to Prince Wilbur Nyabongo, who
died in an aeroplane crash in 1986. (b. 1936-).


1975 (Acting) Licelott Catalina Marte Hoffiz de
Barrio, Dominican Republic
Licelott Marte de Barrio was Subsecretary of External
Relations when she acted as Secretary from the
resignation of the former till the appointment of the next
Secretary. She has been a diplomat from 1966 and 1990-
93 she was Secretary of State of Finance, 1993-96
Secretary of State in the Office of the President and
President of the National Petroleum. From 2002 Secretary
of Electoral Affairs of the Partido Reformista Social
Cristiano (PRSC) and Member of the Parliament. (b. ca.
1930-).


1976-78 Karin Sder, Sweden
1979-82 Minister of Health and Social Affairs and of
Nordic Co-operation, First Vice-Chairperson 1971-86,
Deputy Group Leader 1978-79 and 1982-86, Chairperson
of The Center Party 1985-87, President of the Nordic
Council 1984-85 and 1989-90, Chairperson of the Foreign
Affairs Committee of the Riksdag 1984-86. (b. 1928-).


1978-85 Maria do Nascimenta Graa Amorin, So
Tom e Prncipe
1975-78 Ambassador to France and Portugal and 1984-96
Member of the Politburo.


1979-80 Flora MacDonald, Canada
Executive Director of the Progressive Conservative Party
1957-66, 1966-69 National Secretary of the Party, MP
1972-89 and 1976 she was candidate for the Leadership
of the Social Credit Party, 1984-86 Minister of Labour and
Immigration, 1986-89 Minister of Culture and
Communication (b. 1926- ).


1979 Gloria Amon Nikoi, Ghana
1979-81 Minister of Finance, 1979-81 Member of the
Revolutionary Council of The Armed Forces (Junta) In
1969-74 she was Deputy Chief of Mission to the UN, from
1981 Chairperson of the Bank of Housing and
Construction and then director in the African Development
Bank. (b. 1930-).


1980-84 Colette Flesh, Luxembourg
Apart from Foreign Minister she was also Vice-Premier
Minister and Minister of External Trade, Economy, the
Self Employed and of Justice. In 1980 she was President
of the Council of Ministers of the European Economic
Communities. (b. 1934- ).


1980-90 Dame Eugenia Charles, Dominica
During her tenure as Premier Minister 1980-95, she also
held the portfolios of External Affairs 1980-90, Finance
and Economy 1980-95, Trade and Industry 1980-85,
Defence 1985-95 and Information and Public Relations
1990-95. She lived (1916-2005).


1984-94 Gaositwe Kogakwa Tibe Chiepe, Botswana
Ambassador to United Kingdom, Western Germany,
France, European Communities, Denmark, Norway and
Nigeria 1970-74. 1974-77 Minister of Trade and Industry,
1977-84 Minister of Mines and Natural Resources, 1994-
99 Minister of Education. She retired after the 1999
elections but has acted as Commonwealth election
observer in Zanzibar. (b. 1922-).


1987-88 Adrienne Ekila Liyonda, Zaire (Congo)
Worked in the office of the President from 1977,
Secretary General of the Mouvement populaire de la
rvolution 1981, Minister of Social Affairs and Women
1983-85, Ambassador to Belgium, the Netherlands and
Luxembourg 1985-87 and Minister of Information and
the Press in 1988-89 or in 1990. She lived (1948-2006).


1989 Susana Myrta Ruz Cerutti, Argentina
Former Secretary of State of External Relations, 1991-98
Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein, 1998-99 to
Canada, 1999-2000 Ambassador and Special
Representative for South Atlantic Affairs (Falkland
Islands/Malvinas) and 2000-01 Vice-chancellor and
Secretary of External Relations (Deputy Foreign Minister).
(b. 1940-).


1989-91 Akmaral Khaydarovna Arystanbekova,
Kazakstan
In 1987-89 she was member of the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet, 1991-99 Ambassador to the United
Nations and to Cuba, 1994-95 Vice-President of the
49
th
Session of the UN General Assembly. Ambassador to
France from 1999. (b. 1948-).


1990-97 () Danielle Jorre de St. Jorre, Seychelles
Between 1984-90 Undersecretary in the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Planning. 1990-97 she was also
Minister of Economic Planning and 1993-97 she was
Minister of Environment. She lived (1943-97).


1991-94 Nohem Sann Posada de Rubio, Colombia
1983-86 Minister of Communication, Ambassador to
Venezuela 1990-91 and 1994-98 and 2007-09 to United
Kingdom and to Spain 2003-07, Presidential Candidate
1998, 2002 and 2010. (b. 1949-).


1991-94 Baroness Margaretha af Ugglas, Sweden
A leading member of the Conservative Party. 1992-93
Chairperson-in-Office of CSCE, Conference on security
and Co-operation, 1993 Chairperson of the Committee
of Ministers of the Council of Europe. (b. 1939-).


1991-93 Barbara Jean McDougall, Canada
Progressive Conservative MP 1984-93. 1984-86 Minister
of State (Finance), 1986-88 Minister of State
(Privatization), 1986-90 Minister Responsible for the
Status of Women, 1988-91 Minister of Employment and
Immigration, 1990 Acting Minister of State (Youth) (b.
1937- ).


1991-92 and 2002 Alda Bandeira Tavares Vaz da
Coneico, So Tom e Prncipe
1992-93 she was Minister of Co-operation and 1996
Presidential Candidate. For 4 years President of Partido
da convergncia democrtica-grupo de reflexo (PCD-
GR). She is married to former Premier Minister Noberto
Costa Alegre. (b. 1949-).


1991-94 Pascaline Mferri Bongo, Gabon
Later Director of the Civil Cabinet of the President and in
2000 Ambassador to USA. She is the daughter of
President Omar Bongo. (b. 1956-).


1991 Marie-Denise Fabien-Jean-Louis, Haiti
1991-ca. 92 Minister-in-exile
After the coup d'etat against President Aristide, she followed him in
exile. (b. ca. 1944-).


1991-92 Shakhlo Makhmudova, Uzbekistan
The first post-independence Foreign Minister.


1992, 1994-96 and 2005 Roza Otunbayeva,
Kyrgyzstan
1983-86 Secretary of the Municipal Communist Central
Committee of Frunze, 1986-89 Deputy Prime Minister and
Foregin Minister in the Kyrgyz SSR, 1991 Ambassador of
the USSR to Malaysia, 1992-93 Ambassador to USA and
Canada, 1994 to Turkey and 1996-2004 Ambassador to
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Deputy Head of
the United Nations special mission to Georgia 2002-04
and Interim Head of State and Government and President
2010-11 (b. 1950-).


1993-95 Claudette Werleigh, Haiti
1990-91 she was Minister of Social Affairs, Executive
Director of the Washington Office of Haiti 1993, 1995-
96 Premier Minister. (b. 1946- ).


1993-2001 Andrea Willi, Liechtenstein
Apart from the Portfolio of External Relations was is also
government Councillor of Culture, Youth, Sport Family
and Equal Opportunities. Between 1987-93 she worked
in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and member of a
number of international delegations, 1991 Ambassador
to EFTA (European Trade Organization), 1992-93
Ambassador to United Nations in Gnve. (b. 1955-).


1993 (Acting) Motarilavoa Hilda Lini, Vanuatu
From 1987 the first female MP. In 1996 she was replaced
in the government by her brother ex-premier Father
Walter Lini (1942-1982-90-99), she resigned from the
National Party and founded her own party, the Tu Vanuatu
kominiti, The Vanuatu Movement, Director of the Pacific
Concerns Resource Center 2000-04, Representative of the
Pacific Region at the UN Non-proliferation Review
Conference in 2004 and a chief (Motarilavoa) of the
Turaga nation of Pentecost Island.


1994-2008 Dame Billie Antoinette Miller, Barbados
Labour MP from 1976 and holder of various portfolios,
among others as Deputy Premier 1994-2003. Later
awarded with the title of Dame. (b. 1944-).


1994-98 Lena Hjelm-Walln, Sweden
1974-76 Minister without Portfolio for Schools, 1982-85
Minister of Education and Culture, 1985-91 Minister of
International Development in the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, 1995-96 and 1998Deputy Premier. (b. 1943-).



1994-95 Sy Kadiatou Sow, Mali


1994-95 she was also in charge of Malians Abroad and
African Integration, Governor of the Capital District of
Bamako 1993-94 and Minister of Town Planning and
Housing 1995-2000. (b. 1955-).


1994-95 Dorothy Musuleng-Cooper, Liberia
From 1989 First vice-President of the National Patriotic
Front of Liberia (The guerrilla-movement of Charles
Taylor, who later became President), 1993-94 First
Secretary of the Council of State, later Special Advisor of
the President and from 2001 Minister of Gender
Development. (b. 1930-).



1994-95 Maritza Ruiz de Vielman, Guatemala

Among others Ambassador to United Kingdom 2000-03
and afterwards Advisor of the Foreign Minister. She was
Vice-Presidential Candidate in 2003 and 2007. (b. 1945-
).


1995-2002 Janet Bostwick, Bahamas
The first female MP 1977-2002. 1992-94 Minister of
Housing and Labour, 1994-95 Minister of Justice and
Immigration, 1995-2001 Attorney General. 1998 she
was the first woman to act as Prime Minister during the
absence from the country of both the Premier and his
deputy, and later acted on various other occasions.
Married to The Hon. John Bostwick the President of the
Senate 1992-2002, they have 3 children. (b. 1939-).



1995-2000 Tarja Halonen, Finland


In 2000 she was elected President of the republic.
See Presidents (b. 1943-).



1995-96 Susanna Agnelli, Italy
1983-93 Under-secretary of Foreign Affairs, Member of
the EU-Troyka of Foreign Ministers 1995-96. Formerly
Married to Count Urbano Rattazzi and mother of 6
children. She lived (1922-2009)


1996-98 Mara Emma Meja Vlez de Caballero,
Colombia
1993-95 Ambassador to Spain, 1995-96 Minister of
Education 1998 Vice-Presidential Candidate. 2000
Candidate for Mayor of Bogotand later Ambassador to
a number of UN Organisations. (b. 1953-).


1996-97 (Acting) Irena Georgieva Bokova,
Bulgaria
1995-97 Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs for European
Integration, 1996-97 1. Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs, 1996 Candidate for President and 1997-2001
Advisor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,2005-09
Ambassador to France, and Director General of UNESCO
from 2009. (b. 1952-).


1996-97 Tansu iller, Turkey
1991-93 Minister of State, Chief Economic Coordinator
1993-96Premier Minister. During her tenure as Foreign
Minister she was also Deputy Premier. (b. 1946-).


1997-2001 Madeleine Korbel Albright, United
States of America
Madeleine Albright was United Nations
Representative (Ambassador) 1993-97. As Secretary of
State she was the highest ranking of the secretaries and
fourth in the hierarchy of the Republic, after the
President, Vice-President and the Speaker of the House
of Representatives. Born in Czechoslovakia as Maria Jana
Korbelova.(b. 1937-).


1997-2001 Nadezhda Nikolova Mihailova, Bulgaria
Chief of Liberal Party Foreign Affairs Department 1990-
91, 1991-93 Government Spokesperson and since 1995-
2002 Deputy Chairperson of Union of Democratic Forces,
Parliamentary Leader 2001-05 and Party Leader 2002-
06, Vice-President of the European People's Party from
1999. Mother of two daughters. (b. 1962-).


1997-98 Shirley Yema Gbujoma, Sierra Leone
Around 1970 she was ambassador to Senegal, 1996-97
Minister of Tourism and Culture. In 1998 she was
Minister-in-exile of Foreign Affairs and International Co-
operation. Since 1998 Minister of Social Welfare,
Childrens Affairs and Gender. (b. ca. 1935-).


1997-98 Zdenka Kramplova, Slovakia
1992-1994 advisor to the Prime Minister, 1994-1997
Head of the Government office, also former Ambassador
to Canada. Minister of Agriculture 2007-08. (b. 1957-).


1997, 1998 (March-April), 1999, 2000 (November),
2001, 2002 (January), 2003 (June), 2004
(June/July)... 2006 (May) (Acting) H.R.H. Princess
Hajah Masna binti Omer Ali of Brunei, Brunei
Since 1995 Ambassador-at-Large and Second in
Command of the Foreign Ministry and Acting Foreign
Minister and Head of Delegations to APEC, ASEAN, ASEM
and other international summits on various occasions.
She is the sister of HM Sultan Hassanal Bolkian
Muizzaddin of Brunei and married to Pengiran Lela
Sahibun Najabah Pengiran Haji Abdul Aziz bin Pengiran
Jaya Negara Pengiran Haja Abu Bakar. Her full title is
Paduka Seri Pengiran Anak Puteri or Yang Teramat Mulina
Pengiran Anak Puteri. (b. 1948-).


1997-2002 Minister of Foreign Affairs Naira
Melkumian, Nargonyi-Karabakh
Formerly the Province of Nagorno-Karabakh in
Azerbaijan, an enclave inside Armenian Territory
inhabited by Armenians. The republic declared its
independence in 1992 and Naira Melkumian was very
active on the international scene in behalf of the republic
during her tenure in office.


1998-2002 Lila Ratsifandrihamanana, Madagascar
1997-98 Minister of Scientific Research, Ambassador
to Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Cape Verde and
Cte dIvoire 2002-06 and Permanent Observer of
the African Union from 2006. Also known as Ramatoa
Ratsifandrihamanana Lia (b. 1959-).Also known as
Ramatoa Ratsifandrihamanana Lia (b. 1959-).


1998-2003 () Anna Lindh, Sweden
Deputy Mayor of Stockholm 1991-94, Minister of
Environment and Planning 1994-98. President of the
Council of the European Union(Coundil of Ministers)
2001. The most popular politician in the country, she
was killed while shopping by a young man of Serbian
origin. In an interview Prime Minister Gran Persson said
that he had planned stepping down in 2005 and hand
over power to her. She was married to the former
Minister Bo Holmberg (1942-2010), who was Governor
of Sdermanland, and mother of two sons b. 1991 and
1994, and lived (1957-2003).


1998-2000 Rosario Green Macas de Heller, Mexico
Mara del Rosaro Gloria was Ambassador to East
Germany, DDR 1989-90, Subsecretary of Foreign Affairs
for Latin America, Cultural Affairs and International Co-
operation, 1992-94, Deputy Secretary General of United
Nations for Political Affairs 1994-98, Ambassador to
Argentina from 2001, Secretary General of PRI 2005-07
and Senator since 2006 (b. 1941-)


1998-2000 Tuyaa Nyam-Osoryn, Mongolia
In 1999 she was appointed acting Premier after the
former premier resigned. (b. 1958-).


1999-2004 Lydie Polfer, Luxembourg
Apart from being Foreign Minister she was also Vice-
Premier Minister and Minister of External Trade and
Minister of Public Service and Administrative Reform.
She was Mayor of Luxembourg Ville 1982-99, Member of
the Bureau of Chamber des Deputes, President of the
Parti Democratique 1994-2004, Chairperson of the
Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2002
and from 2004 Member of the European Parliament. (b.
1952-).


1999-2009 Nkosazana C. Dlamini-Zuma, South
Africa
1994-99 Minister of Health. Offered the post of Deputy
President in 2005 after her ex-husband, Jacob Zuma
was fired after corruption charges. She was candidate
for the post of Deputy President of ANC in 2007,
Minister of Home Affairs 2009-12 and Chairperson of
the Commission of the African Union from 2012 (b.
1949-).


1999-2004 Maria Eugenia Brizuela de Avila, El
Salvador
Former Academic and administrative career. (1956-).


1999-2000 and 2001-10 Dodo Achatou
Mindaoudou, Niger
1995-96 she was Minister of Social Development,
Population and Women. 2010 the government was
deposed in a military coup d'etat. (b. 1959-).


1999 Hilia Garez Gomes Lima Barber, Guinea-
Bissau
Also known as Ilia or Ilia Barber, she was ambassador to
Israel 1995-99 and to France, the Vatican, UNESCO etc.
from 2011. (b. 1944-).


2000-04 Soledad Alvear Valenzuela, Chile
1990-94 Minister for the National Women Service, 1994-
99 Minister of Justice; She was leader of the Election
Campaign of President Ricardo Lagos Escobar in 1999,
before becoming Chancellor or Foreign Minister. She was
chosen as the Christian Democratic Party's candidate for
the primary of the centre-left Concertacion coalition, but
she quit the race in May 2005 to pave the way for
Michelle Barchelet's nomination. Senator and President
of the Democracia Cristiana 2006-09. (b. 1951-).


2000-04 Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austria
2004-10 Commissioner of External Relations,
European Union
A career diplomat, 1993 she was Minister-Counsellor and
Assistant Chief of Protocol of the Foreign Ministry, 1994-
1995 Assistant Secretary General of the United Nation
and Chief of Protocol 1995-2000 Minister of State of
Foreign Affairs. In 2000 she was Chairperson-in-Office of
OSCE and Presidential Candidate 2004 and Candidate for
the post of Director General of UNOESCO in 2009. (b.
1948-).


2000-02 Haja Mahawa Bangoura Camara, Guinea
In 1995 she was Ambassador to USA and later to
the United Nations. Her official title was Minister to the
presidency charged with Foreign Affairs and an alternative
version of her name is Camara Hadja Mawa Bangoura.


2000-04 Lillian E. Patel, Malawi
1996-99 Minister of Women's and Children's' Affairs,
Community Development and Social Welfare 1999-2000
Minister of Health and Population. From 2004 Minister of
Labour and Vocational Training.


2000-05 Maria Elisabeth Levens, Suriname
Trained teacher and former head of various bureaus within
the Ministry of Education and Community Development
and Policy Advisor to the Minister of Education. Also chair
or member of several commissions, from 1975 Secretary
of the Progressive Womens Union and Chairperson of the
Forum of NGOs in Suriname 1991-2000. (b. 1950-).


2001 Antonieta Rosa Gomes, Guinea Bissau
Leader of Foro Cvic da Guin (Guinean Civil Forum) since
1995 and Presidential Candidate in 1994 and 1999.
2000-2001 Minister of Justice. 2001 also third in the
cabinet.


2001-02 Tanaka Makiko, Japan
1994-95 Minister of State, Director General of Science
and Technology Agency. Tanaka Makiko is has been an
LDP MP since 1993 and is daughter of the late former
Premier Tanaka Kakulei (b. 1944-).


2001 and 2002-06 Ilinka Mitreva, Macedonia
Social Democratic MP since 1994 and former Professor in
Roman Philology. (b. 1950-).


2001-02 Arta Dade, Albania
1997-98 and again from 2002 Minister of Culture, Youth
and Sport and after that Secretary of Foreign Affairs of
the Socialist Party and Vice-Chair of the Foreign Affairs
Committee of the Parliament. (b. 1948-).


2001-02 Filomena Mascarenhas Tipote, Guinea
Bissau
2000-01 Secretary of State, in 2001 Minister of
Employment and Poverty Control, 2002-2003 Minister of
Public Works, Labour and Employment and 2003-04
Minister of Defence. (b. 1969-).


2002-05 Kristiina Ojuland, Estonia
Ambassador and Representative of the Republic of
Estonia to the Council of Europe 1992-94, Vice-
President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council
of Europe and Vice-President of the LDR Group. Also
1999-2002 and Vice-President of the European Liberal
Democratic Reform Party, 1. Parliament Vice-President
2007-09, Member of the European Parliament from 2009
and founding Chairperson of Rahva htsuse Erakond -
the Party of Peoples Unity in 2014. (b. 1966-).


2002-04 Yoriko Kawaguchi, Japan
Former Minister-Councillor in the Embassy in
Washington, government Bureaucrat and leader of a
private company prior to her appointment as Minister of
Environment and Global Environmental Affairs 2000-02.
(b. 1941-).


2002-04 Ana Palacio Vallelersundi, Spain
Held various high administrative and political positions
before being elected to the European Parliament in 1994
where she chaired a number of committees and was
member of the Presidium of the European Convention in
2002-03. (b. 1948-).


2002 and 2003 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, The
Philippines
The Philippine President since 2001 was in charge of the
Foreign Affairs Portfolio throughout July 2002 and again
in December 2003. Minister of Defence 2003 and 2006-
07. See more details inPresidents (b. 1947-).


2002-07 Carolina Barco Isackson, Colombia
Until 2002 Director of Planning of the City Administration
of Bogot. She is daughter of the late President Virgilio
Barco Vargas. (b. ca. 1950-).


2002-04 Mara de Ftima Lima Veiga, Capo Verde
Ambassador to Cuba 1999-2001 and Secretary of State
of Foreign Affairs 2001-02 Ambassador and Permanent
Representative to the United Nations 2004-07 and to USA
from 2007. (b. 1957-).


2002-04 Sandra Kalniete, Latvia
1988-90 Secretary-in-Charge of the Coordinating Council
and Deputy Chairperson of the Latvian Popular Front
(LPF), 199093 Deputy Foreign Minister and Chief of
Protocol, 1993-97 Ambassador to the United Nations in
Geneva, 19972002 Ambassador to France and 2000-02
concurrently to UNESCO. European Commissioner without
Portfolio attached to the Commissioner for Agriculture,
Fisheries and Rural Development in 2004. Presidential
candidate in 2007. (b. 1952-).


2003-11 Micheline Calmy-Rey, Switzerland
Former President of the Socialist Party of Gnve, she
was President of the Grand Conseil of Gnve 1993,
Councillor of Finance 1997-2002, Vice-President of the
Government 2000-01 and President of the Government
2001-02. Vice-President of the Confedeation 2006 and
2010 and President in 2007 and 2011. (b. 1945-).


2003 Nina Pacari Vega, Ecuador
The first from the native Quchua-Indian population to
become Vice-President of Congreso Nacional 1999-2000
and 2000 acting President of the congress for one day.
Founder of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities
of Ecuador (CONAIE). In August 2003 her party left the
government. (b. 1960-).


2003 Fatoumata Djau Bald, Guinea Bissau
Before her appointment as Minister of Foreign Affairs, International
Cooperation and the Communities she was Secretary of State of
Tourism 2002 and then Secretary of State of Social Solidarity and
Employment. In June a prominent leader of the opposition, Francisca
Vaz Turpin, had been named Foreign Minister, but she refused to take
up her appointment.


2003-06 Leila Rachid de Cowles, Paraguay
1996-98 Vice-Minister of External Relations, and her
country's first female Ambassador, posted to Argentina
1999-2000 and to the United States 2000-03. Prior to
that she served as a professor at a number of
Paraguayan institutions of higher learning. (b. 1955-).


2003-06 Laila Freivalds, Sweden
Minister of Justice 1988-90 and 1994-2000, when she
had to resign over a scandal concerning her flat. In 2006
when she had lied about her attempts to censor an
extreme rightwing website. Her only daughter is born in
1986. Born in Estonia (b. 1942-).


2003-04 Teresa Pinto Basto Gouveia, Portugal
Teresa Gouveia was Secretary of State of Culture 1985-
89 and 1991 Secretary of State of Environment and
1993-95 Minister of Environment. Member of the
Parliament for the Conservative Social Democrats. She
was against the appointment of Pedro Santana Lopes as
successor of Jos Duro Barroso as Prime Minister and
resigned from the government. Her full name is Maria
Teresa Pinto Basto Patrcio Gouveia. (b. 1946-).


2003-04 Delia Domingo Albert, Philippines
A career diplomat since 1967 among others as
Ambassador to Australia, Nauru, Tuvalu and Vanuatu and
the ASEAN and as Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs for
International Economic Relations from 2002-03. From
2004 Presidential Advisor for Multilateral Cooperation and
Development and Natural Resources. Ambassador to
Germany since 2005. (b. 1942-).


2003-06 Edna Adan Ismail, Somaliland
A former World Health Organization representative in
Djibouti, she founded and is the Co-Patron and Vice
President of the Board of Trustees of Somaliland's first
Maternity Hospital. 2002-03 Minister of Family Welfare
and Social Development as the first woman minister.
Somaliland is a self-declared and de-facto independent
republic. (b. 1937-).


2004-05 Salom Zurabishvili, Georgia
Decending from Georgian emigrees to France and French
ambassador to Georgia 2003-04, after various diplomatic
postings. Leader of the Georgia's Way party 2006-10 and
became an UN official in 2013. (b. 1953-).


2004-08 Ursula Plassnik, Austria
Chief of Cabinet of Federal Chancellor Wolfang Schssel
1997-2004 and Ambassador to Switzerland. President of
the Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers or
Council for General of General Affairs and External
Relations) in 2006. Did not want to continue in the
government in 2008. (b. 1956-).


2004 and 2007 (Acting) Helna Demakova, Latvia
Helena Demakova was MP for the People's Party 1998-
2002 and former Advisor to the Prime Minister. Minister of
Culture from 2004 and Acting Foreign Minister on two
occations until a new minister was was appointed to the
post. (b. 1959-).


2005-09 Condoleezza Rice, United States of America
Director of Soviet and East European Affairs in the
National Security Council 1989-93. Professor of
International Affairs of Stanford University. 2001-05
Cabinet Member and National Security Advisor. (b. 1954-)


2005-08 Alcinda Abreu, Moambique
Alcinda Antonio de Abreu was MP 1977-94, Minister of
Social Action Co-ordination 1994-97 and later among
others Advisor of the Prime Minister and Minister of
Environment from 2008. (b. 1953-).


2005-08 Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovi, Croatia
From 2003 Minister of European Integration and the two
ministries merged in 2005. English and Spanish languages
professor and former adviser in the Foreign Ministry. (b.
1968-).


2005-06 Sidib Fatoumata Kaba, Guinea
Worked in the Foreign Ministry since 1980 from 2000 as
Director of Political and Cultural Affairs with rank of
Ambassador. 2002-05 Ambassador to Nigeria and Minister
of International Cooperation 2006-08. Mother of 3
children. (b. ca. 1968-).


2005-09 Rita Kieber-Beck, Liechtenstein

Vize-regierungschefin or Deputy Head of the Government,
councillor of Education, Trafic, Communication and Justice
2001-05. (b. 1958-).


2005 (Acting) Ana Trii-Babi, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Trisic-Babic was Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs until
her appointment as Acting Minister for a few days when
Mladen Ivanic had both resigned and been fired, but
none-the-less he is still in office. The office of Deputy
Minister was vacant after Lidija Topi's appointment as
Ambassador to EU.


2005-09 Antoinette Batumubwira, Burundi
Also in charge of International Cooperation. Her husband,
Jean-Marie Ngendahayo, was Minister of Foreign Affairs
1993-95 and of Interior in 2005. Lived in exile in Finland
during the civil war. Her government's candidate for the
poistion of Chairperson of the Comission of the African
Union in 2007. (b. 1956-)


2005-10 Lygia Kraag-Keteldijk, Suriname
Director of Political Affairs in the Cabinet of the
President 2000-05.(b. 1941-).


2006-07 Asha-Rose Migiro, Tanzania
Dr. Asha-Rose Mtengeti Migiro was Minister for
Community Development, Womens and Childrens Affairs
2000-06. Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations
2007-14 and Minister of Constitutional and Legal Affairs
from 2014. (b. 1956-).


2006-09 Tzipi Livni, Israel
2001 Minister of Regional Cooperation, 2001-02 Minister
without Portfolio in the Prime Minister's Office for
Information, 2002-03 Minister of Agriculture and Rural
Development, 2003-06 Minister of Immigrant Absorption
2004-05 Minister of Construction and Housing, 2004-05,
Minister of Justice 2005-06 and 2006-07 and also 1. Vice-
Premier from 2006. MK for Likud 1999 until 2005 when
she joined Kadima, a new party formed by Ariel Sharon.
Party Leader 2008-12 until she was not re-elected in the
party primaries and subsequently left the
Knesset.Charged with the formation of a new government
23 September-26. October 2008. Acting Prime Minister on
various occasions whenever the chief of government was
out of the country. In 2009 her party became the largest
but the right-wing had the majority in the
Parliament. Chairperson of Hatnua Birshut Tzipi Livni (The
Movement Headed by Tzipi Livni) from 2012. Her father
was a Likud MK for many years. Mother of 2. (b. 1958-).


2006-09 Dora Bakoyannis, Greece
Chief of staff of her father, Konstantine Mitsotakis, when
he became leader of the New Democracy party from 1984
and later Prime Minister. After her husband, Pavlos
Bakoyannis, was assassinated in 1989, she was elected to
the Parliament. Candidate for the leadership of Nea
Demokratia in 1996 and 2009, Shadow Foreign- and
Defence Minister 2000-02, Mayor of Athens 2002-06
and Chairperson-in-Officeof OSCE in 2009. Founded
the Democratic Alliance in 2011 and MP until 2012.
Married to Isidoros Kouvelos from 1998. (b. 1956-).


2006 (Acting) Carin Jmtin, Sweden (27.03-24.04)
The Minister of Development Aid in the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs 2003-06, she was given additional charge as
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and named Acting
Foreign Minister until the 65 year old male diplomat is
able to take office, but he continued as Chairman of the
UN General Assembly until September and spent much
time in New York leaving her to run the ministry. ( b.
1964-).


2006-07 Mariam Aladji Boni Diallo, Benin
Mariam Aladji Boni pouse Diallo was Ambassador and
General Secretary of the Ministry until her appointment.
(b. 1953-).


2006-07 Margaret Beckett, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
Also in Charge of Commonwealth Affairs. She was
Assistant Government Whip 1975-76 and 1976-79 Junior
Minister of Education, Deputy Leader of Labour 1992-94,
Acting leader after the death of John Smith, and she was
a candidate for both the Leadership and the Deputy
Leadership of Labour, held various Posts in the Labour
Shadow Cabinets 1989-97, President of the Board of
Trade and Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
1997-98, President of the Council and Leader of The
House of Commons, Deputy Government Spokesperson
and Minister in charge of the Millennium Bug 1998-2001,
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs 2001-06, Minister of Housing 2008-09 amd
Candidate for the post of Speaker of the House of
Commons in 2009. (b. 1943-).


2006-07 Anna Fotyga, Poland
Until 2004 Vice-president of Gdask and MEP 2004-05
and State Secretary of Foreign Affairs 2005-06 and Acting
Minister a few days before her appointment, Head of the
Office of the ultra-rightwing President Lech Kaczyski.
Designated as Ambassador to the United Nations in 2009
(b. 1957-)


2006-09 Joyce Banda, Malawi
Minister of Women, Child Welfare and Community Service
2004-06.Vice-President 2009-12 and President from
2012. (b. 1954-).


2006-09 Kinga Gncz, Hungary
Gncz Kinga was Political State Secretary of Health,
Social- and Family Affairs 2002-04,Minister without
Portfolio for Equal Opportunities in 2004 and 2004-06
Minister of Family, Children and Equality. (b. 1947-).


2006-07 Valgerur Sverrsdttir, Iceland
Valgerdur Sverrisdottir was Secretary of the Upper
Chamber 1987-88, 2. Vice-Chairperson1988-89, 1. Vice-
Chairperson of the Aling, 1990-91 and 1992-95,
Parliamentary Leader of the Progress Party
(Framsknaflokkns) 1995-99 and Party Vice-Chairperson
from 2007 and Vice-President of the Nordic Council 1996-
99 Minister of Trade and Industry 1999-2006 and Minister
of Nordic Cooperation 2004-05. (b. 1953-).


2006 Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nigeria
Former Vice-President of the World Bank and Corporate
Secretary. Minister of Finance 2003-06 and from 2011.
When she was appointed Foreign Affairs in June 2006,
she continued as the Head of the Economic Reform
Team, but resigned from the government after being
fired from this post in August.


2006-07 Mara Consuelo Arajo Castro, Colombia

Worked in the Ministry of Agriculture and held other
posts. She resigned after her brother, Senator Alvaro
Araujo was arrested on suspicion of ties with
paramilitaries involved in the country's drug trade. Her
father was previously Minister of Agriculture. (b. 1971-).



2006-07 Joy Ogwu, Nigeria
Professor of International Affairs and Director of the
Foreign Affairs Institute through many years. (b. 1946-
).


2006-12 Patricia Espinosa Cantellano, Mexico
Worked in various Mexican UN-representation in New
York and Gneve from 1982 and also worked in the
Ministry of External Relations. Ambassador to Germany
Austria, Slovenia and Slovakia and Representative to
various UN organisations in Vienna 2001-06. (b. 1958-).


2006-07 Maia Chigoyeva-Tsaboshvili, South
Ossetia in Georgia
2006 she attempted to run as presidential candidate in
of the "alternative government" in the self-declared
republic considered to be part of Georgia by the
international community, but it was refused as she lived
abroad at the time. Minister of Civil Integration from
2007. (b. 1966-).


2007 Mara Fernanda Espinosa, Ecuador
Economist and former Regional Director of the World
Organisation for Naturaleza, Ambassador to the United
Nations 2008-09 and Minister-Coordinator of the
National Heritage 2008-12 and Minister of Defence from
2012. (b. 1963-).


2007-08 Sahana Pradhan, Nepal
Leader of the Communist Party 1978-87, Leader of the
Marxist NKP 1987-90, Leader of the United Left Front
1990-91, President of the united Marxist party UML
1991 and now member of the Executive
Committee. 1990-91 Minister of Industry and Trade,
1996-97 Minister of Forests and Soil Conservation and
1997 Minister of Women and Welfare. Often mentioned
as a potential presidential candidate for her party, which
would have won wide support in the Constituent
Assembly, but her party nominated a man, who lost.
Widow of Pushpa Lal Shresta, leader of the Communists
1949-78. (b. 1932-).


2007-09 Maria da Conceio Nobre Cabral, Guinea
Bissau
Also Minister of International Cooperation and the
Communities Abroad.


2007-09 Meritxell Mateu i Pi, Andorra
Ambassador to France, Council of Europe and UNESCO
1995-97, Ambassador to the European Union, Belgium
and Luxembourg from 1997 the following year also to
the Netherlands, from 1999 to Denmark and from 2001
to Slovenia, Minister of Heritage, Youth, Higher
Education and Recearch 2005-07. (b. 1966-).


2007 (Acting) Adaljza Albertina Xavier Reis
Magno, Timor Leste (19.05-08.08)
Ajiza Magno has been an MP from 2002 and Vice-
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation 2005-07.
(b. 1975-).


2007-09 Ingibjrg Slrn Gsladttir, Iceland
Member of the Althing for the Women's Alliance 1991-
94, Mayor of Reykjavik 1994-2003, Deputy Leader of
Samfylkingin (The Social Democratic Alliance) and Party
Leader 2005-09. She was diagonsed with a brain tumor
in late 2008, and proposed her party collauge, Johanna
Sigurdarsdottir, as Prime Minister when she was
charged with the government formation in January
2009, and resigned as Party Leader in March. (b. 1954-
).


2007-08 Lisa Shoman, Belize

Ambassador to the USA and the Organisation of
American States from 2000 until her appointment to the
Senate and Cabinet. (b. 1964-).


2007-08 and 2011-13 Erato Kozakou-Marcoullis,
Cyprus
Worked in the UN Mission 1980-88 before returning to
the Foreign Office, Ambassador to Sweden, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania and Norway
1996-98, Ambassador to USA, Argentina, Brazil,
Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Chile, Grenada, Guyana,
Jamaica, St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and
Uruguay 1998-2003, Director of the Cyprus Question
and EU-Turkey Affairs Division at the Foreign Ministry
from 2003, Non-resident Ambassador to Jordan 2003-
200 and Minister of Communications and Works 2010-
11. (b. 1949-).


2007-10 Olubanke King-Akerele, Liberia
Also known as Olubanke Akerele, Olubanke Yetunde or
Olu Bankie, she worked 20 years as Deputy Director for
the United Nations Development Program for Women
and then United Nations Development Program
Representative in Mauritius and Seychelles prior to her
appointment as Minister of Commerce and Industry in
2006. She is the granddaughter of former Liberian
president Charles DB King.


2007-10 Zainab Hawa Bangura, Sierra Leone
Co-founder and Chairperson of the Movement for
Progress in 2002 and Presidential Candidate the same
year and Chief Civil Affairs Officer of the United Nations
Mission in Liberia from 2005, Minister of Health and
Sanitation from 2010-12 and appointed Special
Representative of the United Nations Secretary General
on Sexual Violence in Conflict in 2012. (b.1959-).


2007-10 Paula Gopee-Scoon, Trinidad and Tobago
MP for the governing Peoples National Movement (PNM).


2007-08 Sanjaasuren Oyun, Mongolia
Also known as Oyuun Sanjaasrngin
or Sanjaasrengiyn, she has been an independent MP
from 1998, Leader of the Civil Will-Republican Party from
2000, Vice-Chairperson of ARDA (Alliance for Reform and
Democracy in Asia) since 2001 and Parliamentary
Spokesperson of the Coalition of Reformist Parties and
Leader of the Motherland-Democracy Caucus in 2004,
Vice-President of The Great Khral 2004-05. (b. 1964-)


2007-08 Mara Isabel Salvador Crespo, Ecuador
Minister of Tourism 2005-07. Also Minister of Foreign
Trade and Integration 2007-08.


2008-09 Minister of Foreign Affairs Marisol Argueta
de Barillas, El Salvador
Former Director General for Foreign Policy, Minister-
Councillor in USA and Ambassador and Deputy
Permanent Representative to the United Nations. (b.
1968-).


2008 Laure Olga Gondjout, Gabon
Presidential Councilllor from 1984 and later Deputy
Secretary General of the Council of Ministers and Private
Secretary of President Omar Bongo Ondimba. Minister-
Delegate of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation, the
Francophonie and Regional Integration 2006-07, Minister
of Communication, Post and Telecommunications, the
New Technologies and Information 2007-08 and 2008-
11 Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation, the
Francophonie and Regional Integration February-October
2008. Her father was Senator in the French Union and
later President of the National Assembly of Gabon. (b.
1953-).


2008- Rosemary Kobusingye Museminari, Rwanda
2000-05 Ambassador to United Kingdom, Denmark,
Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and the Republic of
Ireland and 2005-08 Minister of State of Cooperation in
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (b. 1962-).


2008- Carolyn Rodrigues, Guyana
Active in Amerindian Community Affairs for a number of
years, 2001-08 Minister of Amerindian Affairs (in charge
of the Native Americans in the Country). (b. 1974-).


2008 Eka Tkeshelashvili, Georgia
2004-05 Deputy Minister of Justice, 2005-06 Deputy
Minister of Interior, 2006-07 Chairperson of the Tbilisi
Court of Appeal, 2007-08 Minister of Justice and State
Procecutor in 2008 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2010.
(b. 1977-).


2008 (Acting) Helen Clark, New Zealand
MP since 1981. Chairperson of the Foreign Affairs and
Defence Select Committee 1984-87, Minister of Housing and
Conservation 1987-89, Deputy Premier and Minister of
Labour and Health 1989-90, Deputy Leader of Labour and of
the Opposition 1990-93 and Leader of Labour 1993-2008
and Leader of the Opposition 1993-99. Prime Minister 1999-
2008 and also held the Portfolio of Arts and Culture and
Security Intelligence Service and Ministerial Services and
Acting Foreign Minister August-November 2008 when
the incombent stepped aside because of fraud
investigations. In 1981 she married Dr. Peter Davis. No
children. (b. 1950-).


2008- Maxine McClean, Barbados
Appointed Senator and Minister in the Prime Minister's
Office and Leader of Government Business in the Senate
in January 2008. From November 2008 also Minister of
Foreign Trade.


2008-12 Antonella Mularoni, San Marino
As Secretary of Foreign and Political Affairs she also
functions as Leader of the Government even though the
Captain Generals are both Heads of State and
Government. She was Political Secretary to the Minister
of Finance 1986-87, Director of the Office for relations
with the associations of San Marino citizens living abroad
1987-90, Deputy Permanent Representative to the
Council of Europe, 1989-90, Barrister and public notary in
the Republic of San Marino 1991-2001, Member of the
General Grand Council 1993-2001 and again from 2008,
and Judge of the European Court of Human Rights 2001-
08. (b. 1961-).


2009-13 Dipu Moni, Bangladesh
Secretary for Womens Affairs of the Bangladesh Awami
League. Married to Tawfique Nawaz, Senior Advocates of
the Supreme Court and mother of 1 son.


2009 Adiatu Djal Nandigna, Guinea Bissau
Also known as Maria Adiatu Diallo Nandigna, she
was Minister of Culture, Youth and Sport 2007-08 and
has been Second in Cabinet since 2008 and Minister of
the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Social
Communication and Parliament from 2009 and Acting
Prime Minister in 2012.


2009-13 Hilary Rodham Clinton, United States of
America
Politically Influential when her husband, Bill Clinton, was
governor of Arkansas 1979-81 and 1983-1992 and
President of USA 1993-2001, Senator for New York
2001-09 and Candidate in the Democratic
PartyPresidential Canidate Primary 2009. (b. 1947-).


2009 Patricia Isabel Rodas Baca, Honduras
President of the Partido Liberal 2002-09. (b. 1962-).


2009-10 Sandra Sumang Pierantozzi, Palau (Balau)
Daughter of President Balaguer.1989-96 Minister of
Administration and Budget as her country's first female
minister, 1992 she was candidate for Vice-President and
from 1996 senator and Floor Leader. In 2001 she again
became Minister of Administration and Budget again, and
was later appointed Minister of Health, 2001-05 Vice-
President and from 2009 in charge of Foreign and Domestic
Affairs as Minister of State.


2009- Aurelia Frick, Liechtenstein
Business women, executive director and
entrepreneur. Also Minister of Justice 2009-13, Minister
of Culture since 2009 and Minister of Education from
2013. (b. 1975-).


2009- Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, South Africa
Before becoming Minister of International Relations and
Cooperation, she was Member of the Executive Council
for Housing and Local Government in the Limpopo
Province.


2009-11 Sujata Koirala, Nepal
Spokesperson of the Nepalese Congress Party 2007-08,
Minister Without Portfolio in 2008, she failed to get
elected to the Constuent Assembly in 2008 but the
following year her father, Congress President and former
Prime Minsiter, Girija Prasad Koirala, named her Foreign
Minister and Leader of the Congress Party in the
Government and later in the year she was appointed
Deputy Prime Minister.


2009-11 Etta Banda, Malawi
MP from 2009.


2009-10 Rumiana Jeleva, Bulgaria
Member of the European Parliament 2007-09, Designate
EU-Commissioner of Human Rights and Development Aid
2009-10, but came under attack for her financial dealings
and lack of knowledge of the area during the hearings in
the EU-Parliament, causing her to resign both as
candidate and from the Bulgarinan government. (b.
1969-).


2009-11 Naha Mint Mouknass, Mauritania
The second woman in the Arab world to be head of a
political party UDP, Union des forces du progrs, since
2000, Minister-Advisor at the Presidency 2001-05. and
became Minister of Commerce and Industry, Handicrafts
and Tourism in 2014. She had her first child in 2013.


2009-11 Marie-Michele Rey, Haiti
1991 Minister of Finance, 1991-93 Minister in government-
in-exile of Finance, 1993-95 Minister of Finance and
Economy. President Jean Bertrand Aristide was ousted by a
Military Coup dEtat in 1991 and lead a government-in-exile
till he was reinstalled in 1993.


2009- Louise Mushikiwabo, Rwanda
2008-09 Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister
charged with Information.


2010- Baroness Ashton of Upholland, the European
Union
Catherine Ashton has been a Baroness from 1999,
British Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State of
Education and Skills 2001-04, Parliamentary Under-
Secretary of Constitutional Affairs 2004-06
and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State of
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 2006-07, Leader of
the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
2007-08, EU-Commissioner for Trade from 2008-10 and
Vice-President of the EU-Commission and High
Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
from 2010 (b. 1956-).


2010 (Acting) Rasa Jukneviien, Lithuania
Deputy Chairperson of the Homeland Union since 1999,
MP from 1999 and Assistant Speaker of the of Seimas
1999-2000, Defence Minister from 2008 and Acting
Foreign Minister from 21. January until 11. February 2010.
(b. 1958-).


2010-11 Lene Espersen, Denmark
MF since 1994, Political Spokesperson of The
Conservative People's 1999-2001, Minister of Justice
2001-08 and Political Leader from 2008 and also Deputy
Prime Minister and and 2008-10 Minister of Economic
Affairs and Business Affairs. (b. 1965-)


2010-11 Aminatou Djibrilla Maiga Tour, Niger
Mayor of Niamey Commune II 1996-2000, Permanent
Secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2000-03 and
Secretary-General of the Ministry's National Commission
for La Francophonie 2003-05 and Ambassador to USA
2006-10.


2010- Mara ngela Holgun-Cullar, Colombia
Angela Holguin was Chief of Cabinet, Secretary General of
the Ministry of External Affairs, 1996-97, Vice-Minister of
External Relations in 1998, Ambassador to Venezuela
2002-04 and Ambassador to the United Nations 2004-06.
She was offered the post of Ambassador to France in 2006
but refused. President of the General Assembly of the
Organization of American States from 2011.


2010-11 (Acting) Vlora itaku, Kosovo
MP from 2007 and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs 2009-
10. Minister of European Integration from 2011. (b. 1980-)


2010-11 Trinidad Jimnez Garca-Herrera , Spain
Former Party Official and Government Advisor, Socialist
Candidate for Mayor of Madrid in 2003, 2006-09 Secretary
of State of Foreign Affairs for Ibero-American Affairs,
2009-10 Minister of Health and from 2010 also Minister of
Cooperation. (b. 1962-)


2010-11 Michle Alliot-Marie, France
1986-88 Secretary of State for Education, 1993-95 Minister
of Youth and Sports. From 1994 1. Vice-President of the
General Council of the Department of Pyrnes-
Atlantique, 1999-2002 President of RPR, Rally for the
Republic. Minister of Interior 2007-09, Minister of State
from 2009 and Minister of Justice 2009-10. From 2010 also
Minister of European Affairs. (b. 1946-).


2011-13 Hina Rabbani Khar, Pakistan
PPP MP from 2002, Minister of State of Economic
Affairs 2004-07Minister of State of Finance and Economic
Affairs 2009-11 andMinister of State of Foreign Affairs in
charge of the Ministry until she was appointed to the post
after about 6 months. (1977-).



2011 (Acting) Erlinda F. Basilio, Philippines
1995-1997 Assistant Secretary of Foreign Affairs for Asia
and Pacific Affairs, 1997-2003 Ambassador to Sweden,
Denmark, Norway, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuenia and later
Head of the Foreign Affairs Institute, 2006-2007 and
since 2010 Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs for Policy,
2007-10 Ambassador to United Nations in Geneva
andActing Secretary of Foreign Affairs 18-22.02 in 2011.
(b. 1944-)


2011 Yvette Sylla, Madagascar
President of the Madagasikara Mandroso party


2011- Vesna Pusi, Croatia
Also Minister of European Affairs . She was
chairperson of Croatian of Narodna Stranka 2000-05 and of
the Narodna Stranka-Liberalni Demokrati 2005-08, Vice-
President of the Sabor 2003-04 and Presidential Candidate
in 2009 and Deputy Prime Minister form 2012. (b. 1953-)


2012- Nina Shtansky, Transnistria (Self declared
Republic in Moldova)
Presidential Special Representative for the Transnistria
Negotiating Process in 2012, Deputy Prime Minister and
Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary from 2012
(b. 1978-)


2012- Maia Panjikidze, Georgia
Ambassador to Germany 2004-07 and the Netherlands
2007-10. Spokesperson for the Georgian Dream Party.
(b. 1960-)



2012- Susan Waffa-Ogoo, The Gambia
1994-95, 1996, 1997-2001 and 2004-06 Minister of
Tourism, 1994-94 Minister of Information and 1996, 1997-
2001 and 2004-06 Minister of Culture 2001-2004 Minister
of Fisheries and Natural Resources, 2008 Ambassador to
India in 2008 and 2008-12 to the United Nations. (b. 1960-
)


2012-14 Foawziya Yusuf Haji Adan, Somalia
Presidential candidate in Somaliland in 2003 and Leader of
the Peace Democracy and Prosperity political party-NDB
(Ururka Nabad Dimuquraadiyada iyo Barwaaqo). Also
Deputy Premier.


2012- Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Namibia
1989-96 Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1996-
2002 Head of the Department of Women in the Office of
the President, 2000-05 Minister of Women's Affairs and
Child Welfare, 2005-08 Minister of Information and
Broadcasting, 2008-12 Minister of Environment and
Tourism and Secretary General of SWAPO since 1996. (b.
1952-)


2012- Natlia Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto, So
Tom e Prncipe
Natlia Umbelina is also Minister of Cooperation and
Communities andwas previously secretary of the Regional
Government of the Island of Prncipe for Social Affairs


2013- Hanna Tetteh, Ghana
MP 2000-08 and from 2012, Spokesperson of the
Government Transition team in 2009 and Minister of
Trade and Industry 2009-13.(b. 1967-).


2013- Mireya Agero de Corrales, Honduras
Vice-Minister of Foreign Affaris 2010-13


2013-14 Emma Bonino, Italy
Secretary of the Parliament Group of Partito Radicale 1976-
78, Group Vice-President 1979, Party President 1991-93
and Party Leader 1993-95, European
Union Commissioner for Fisheries, Consumer Policy and
the European Community Humanitarian Office 1995-
99, Presidential Candidate 1999 and 2013, Leader of La
Rosa nel Pugno from 2005,Minister of International Trade
and Minister without Portfolio for European Affairs 2006-
08 and Vice-President of the Senate 2008-13.(b. 1948-)


2013- Eda Rivas Franchini, Peru
Vice-Minister 2011-12 and Minister 2012-13 of Justice and
Human Rights.


2013- Amina Mohamed, Kenya
Ambassador to United Nations in Geneva 2000-06,
Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Justice, National
Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs 2008-11, Deputy
Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme 2011-13.


2013- Natalia Gherman, Moldova
Also Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration a
portfolio she held as Vice-Minister 2009-13, Ambassador to
Austria, OSCE and other International Organisations in
Vienna (2002-06), to Sweden, Norway and Finland 2006-
09. She is daughter of former President Mircea Snegur


2013-14 Lonie Banga-Bothy, The Central African
Republic
Me. Banga-Bothy ne Mbazoa is Minister of Foreign Affairs,
African Integration, the Francophonie and Centralafricans
Abroad


2013- Julie Bishop, Australia
Minister for Ageing 2003-06. Minister for
Education, Science and Training, and Minister assisting the
Prime Minister for Womens Issues 2006-07, Deputy Leader
of the Liberal Partyfrom 2007 and Deputy Leader of the
Opposition 2007-13. Lives with Peter Nattrass, former
Mayor of Brisbane. (b. 1956-).


2013- (Acting) Viola Onwuliri, Nigeria
As First Minister of State for Foreign Affairs since 2011, she
was apppointed Acting Minister after the former minister
was removed from office. Professor and Deputy
Gubernational Candidate in the Imo State (b. 1957-)


2013 (Acting) Mariyam Shakeela, Maldive Islands
Minister of Environment and Energy 2011-13, Minister of
Health and Gender 2013.


2013- Dunya Maumoon, Maldive Islands
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs 2007-08 and Minister of
State for Foreign Affairs 2011-13. She is daughter of
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who was president 1978-2008
and appointed by her uncle, Abdulla Yameen


2014- Federica Mogherini, Italy
MP for the Democratic Party from 2008. (b. 1973-)


2014- Arisoa Lala Razafitrimo, Madagascar
Also known as Harisola Razafiltrimo she is former advisor of the
President of the African Union and Director of Foreign Affairs 2013-
14.


2014- (Designate) Isabel Saint Malo de Alvarado,
Panama
Vice-President-elect she will take office in July. Former
Assistant Ambassador to the UN and official in the foreign
ministry until 1994, the worked for the United Nations
Development Program until she moved to the private
sector in 2008.

Last update 20.05.14
FEMALE
VICE-PRESIDENTS AND
DEPUTY HEADS OF STATES
Note that in some monarchies members of the royal families acts
as Deputy Heads of State


1954-75 Vice-Chairman Song Qingling, China
One of two deputies of Chairman Mao. She afterwards
became acting Chairperson of the presidium of the National
Peoples Congress and thereby acting Head of State 1968-72
and perhaps 1976-78. From 1945-54 she vas Vice-
Chairperson of the Council of Ministers.


1961-66 Vice-President Maria Paretti, Romania
Member of the Council of State for some years before becoming it's Vice-
Chairperson and deputy head of state.


1966-69 Vice-President Constana Crciun, Romania
Constanta Craciun was member of the Presidium of the Grand
National Assembly 1948-1953, Minister of Culture 1953-57),
Vice-Minister of Culture 1959-62, Chairperson of the State
Committee for Culture and Art 1962-65. She lived (1914-
2002).


1972-74 Vice-President and President of the Senate
Maria Estela Martnez Cartas de Pern, Argentina
Isabel Peron succeeded her husband, President Juan Peron,
in 1974 becoming the worlds first woman with the title
ofPresident. (b. 1931-).


1975-76 Deputy Head of State, Premier Minister
lisabeth Domitin, Central African Republic
Acted as President on occasions when President Bokassa
was abroad. She lived (1926-?97).


1979 Acting Deputy Head of State and President of
The Congreso Lidia Gueiler Tejada, Bolivia
Acting President 1979-80 and before that President of
Camera de Diputados 1978-79.


1980-85 Vice-President Maria Ciocan, Romania
Between 1985-89 Member of the Council of State.


1980-85 Member of the Presidency of the
Revolutionary Council and the Politburo of the
Communist Party Dr. Anahita Ratebzad, Afghanistan
Ambassador to Yugoslavia 1978, Minister of Social Affairs
1978-79 and Minister of Education 1980. She was the
highest ranking woman in the parcham faction of the PDPA,
as an expert propagandist and partner of Babrak Karmal.
Her former husband, Dr. Qamaruddin Kakar used to be king
Zahir Shah's personal physician. (b. 1928-)


1980-91 Deputy Head of State, President of the
Assemblia Popular Nacional Alda Neves da Graa do
Espirito Santo, Sao Tom e Principe
Also known as Alda do Esprito Santo or Alda Graa, she fought
in the independence war and was a acclaimed poet. 1975-78
Minister of Culture, Education and 1978-80 Minister of
Education, Social Affairs and Culture. As President of the
National Assembly she was Deputy Head of State. She lived
(1926-2010).


1980-89 Deputy Head of State, Speaker of the House
of Representatives Marie Davies-Pierre, Dominica
Clerk of the house 1965-80. As Speaker of the House she
was Deputy Head of State.


1981-1992 Deputy Head of State, Chairperson of the
Presidium of the Kuo-min Ta-hui Yeh Chin-feng,
Taiwan
Former Judge, Civil Servant and member of the government
- among other Minister of the Interior (1997-98) and
Minister of Justice (1998-2000) As Chairperson of the
National Assembly she ranked second in the hierarchy of
the state after the President. (b. 1943-)


1985-91 2nd. Vice-President and 2nd. Deputy Prime
Minister Viola Harper Burnham, Guyana
In charge of Social Development. She was the widow of
President Burnham who died 1985. She lived (1930-2003).


1985-89 Vice-President Maria Ghitulic, Romania
Between 1979-82 Deputy Chairperson of the District Council of Olt, 1980-82
Secretary and 1982-85, 1988-89 Vice-President of the Grand National
Assembly.


1986-90 2nd. Vice-President Victoria Garrn de Doyan,
Costa Rica.
Author and Writer of children's books


1987-2002 Vice-President Nguyn Thi-Binh, Vit Nam
In 1953, she was arrested and jailed in Chi Hoa prison.
Immediately after her release the following year, she
rejoined the resistance and moved north to further her
political training. 1960-68 in charge of Foreign Affairs of the
National Front for Liberation of South Viet Nam, Minister of
Foreign Affairs in the Socialist Provisorial Government of
North Vietnam 1969-76, Minister of Education 1976-87.
Member of the Council of State since 1982 and from 1987-
92 one of it's vice-chairs and since 1992 the only vice-
President.. (b. 1926-)


1989 Vice-President Elisabeth Kopp, Switzerland
Between 1974-84 President of the Municipal Grossrat
(Grand Council) of Zrich, 1984-89 Federal Councillor of
Justice and Police and Deputy Councillor of Finance. She
had to resign from the government because of a scandal of
which she was later cleared in court. (b. 1934-)


1990-95 Deputy Head of State, Speaker of the House of
Representatives Neva A. Edwards, Dominica
As speaker she was Deputy Head of State


1992-93 Vice-President Blaga Nikolova Dimitrova,
Bulgaria
A famous independent poet. She resigned from the post of
Vice-President in protest of the political developments in the
country. She lived (1922-2003).


1992-96 Member of the Presidency Tatjana Ljugic-
Mijatovic, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Also Member of the Council of Minister. Ambassador to
Austria and to UN in Vienna (Wien) from 1997


1992- Deputy Head of State Kadidja Abeba, Djibouti
Until her appointment as 1. President of the Juridical Court, she was
counsellor to the Supreme Court and acts as the Interim President when
necessary. President of the Supreme Court from around 2000.


1993-97 Third Vice-President Guadalupe Jerezano
Meja, Honduras
Concurrently Coordinator of the Office of Women and from
1996 Delegate to the Central-American Parliament.


1994-98 Second Vice-President Rebeca Grynspan
Mayfis, Costa Rica
Minister of Housing and Urban Development 1997-98.


1994-2003 Vice-President Dr. Wandira Specioza
Kazibwe, Uganda
In 1989-91 Deputy Minister of Industry, 1992-94 Minister of
Culture, Women and Youth, 1994-96 Minister of Gender and
Community Development and 1996-99 Minister of
Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries. (b. 1955-).


1995-97 Vice-President Julia de la Cruz Mena Rivera,
Nicaragua
Julia Mena was the first woman to serve as deputy to a
female President (Violeta Barrios de Chamorro). Former 1.
Vice-President of the Asembleia Nacional and since 1999
President of the Partido Liberal Independiente and Vice-
President of the Parlamento Centroamericano.


1995-96 Deputy Head of State Ilga Kreituse, Latvia
As Chairperson of the Saeima she was deputy to the
President. Presidential Candidate in 1996. Minister of
European Affairs 1997.


1996-98 Vice-President Rosalia Arteaga Serrano de
Fernndez de Crdova, Ecuador
Minister of Education 1994, acting President 1997 and
Presidential candidate in 1999.


1997- Vice-President Aisatou N'Jie Saidy, The Gambia
Minister of Social Welfare, Health and Womens Affairs since
1996.


1997 1st. Vice-President and Prime Minister Janet
Jagan, Guyana
Became Prime Minister and Vice-President after the death of
her husband, President Cheddi Jagan. Executive
President1997-99.
(b. 1920-)


1998-99 Vice-President Ruth Dreifuss, Switzerland
As National Councillor (Minister) of the Interior 1992-2002,
she served a one-year term as Vice-President of Switzerland
before taking over as President 1999-2000.


1997-2005 Vice-President Prof. Dr. Masoumek
Ebtekar, Iran
In charge of Environment (b. 1960-)


1998-2002 1st. Vice-President Astrid Fischel Volio,
Costa Rica
As Deputy Head of State she acted as President on various
occations. She was also Minister of Culture and Sports.
Professor of History at the University of Costa Rica.


1998-2002 2nd Vice-President Elizabeth Odio Benito,
Costa Rica
As Deputy Head of State she acted as President on various
occations. She was also Minister of Environment and
Energy and Ministe rof Education in 2002. She was Minister
of Justice and Attorney-General 1978-82 and 1990-94,
Vice-rector of The University of Costa Rica, 1994
Ambassador to United Nations in Europe, 1994-97 Judge
by the International Tribunal in the former Yugoslavia and
since 2003 Vice-President of the International Criminal
Court. (b. 1939-).


1998-2001 Vice-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo,
The Philippines
In 2001 she succeeded Estrada as President after he was
forced to resign. Daughter of the late President Diosdado
Macapagal and Dr. Evangeline Macaraeg-Macapagal, mother
of two sons and a daughter (b. 1947-)


1998-2002 2nd. Executive Vice-President Gladys
Caballero de Arevalo, Honduras
Vice-Minister of Justice around 1996


1999-2001 Vice-President Megawati Sukarnoputri,
Indonesia
Leader of the Democratic Party in 1993-96, founder and
leader of The Party of Democratic Struggle in 1998, and
won the most seats in the Parliament in 1999. 2000-01
charged with the running of the daily business of the
government and state. At the 23rd of July President Wahid
was ousted as President and she inaugurated as President.
(b. 1946-)


1999-2000 Deputy Head of State, President of the
Senate Mara de Los ngeles Moreno Uriegas, Mexico
1982-88 Subsecretary of Budget, 1988-91 Secretary of
Fisheries, 1992 President of Cmera de Diputados, 1994
President of the Permanent Commission of Congreso de la
Union, 1993-94 Coordinator of the PRI Parliamentary Group,
1994 General Secretary, 1994-95 President and 1998-99
Vice-President of the Parliamentary, 1997 President of the
Senate, 1997-98 1. Vice-President of the Senate and from
May to August 1998 Vice-President of the Permanent
Commission. 1999 General Coordinator of the Parliamentary
Group, 1999 President of the Senate (March), 1999
President of the Commission of Congreso de la Union. (b.
1954)


2000-08 Vice-President Annette L Hsin-lien, Taiwan
Political prisoner 1979-85, on parole 1985-90, Member of
the Legislative Yuan 1992, Counsellor of the President
1996, County Magistrate in Taoyan County 1997-2000
andActing Chairperson of the Democratic Progressive
Party2005-06. In the first stage of the primary elections in
May 2007, she finished last of the candidates with 6% of the
wote. The male candiate later lost the elections. (b. 1944-).


2000- 04 Vice-President Milagros Ortiz Bosch,
Dominican Republic
Also Secretary of State of Education. In 1963 and 1965 she
was Assistant of her relative, President Bosch, imprisoned
1963 and in exile 1964-65, academic career, 1982-90
Advisor in the Camera de Diputados, Senator 1990-2000,
Vice-President of the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano
from 1991. In 2004 she was candidate for President in the
party's primary elections, running against the incumbent
President, who ultimately lost the national elections. (b.
1936-)


2000-02 Executive Vice-President Adina Mercedes
Bastidas Castillo, Venezuela
International banker, and she was removed from office in
January 2002 because she expressed too leftist views.
Instead she was appointed Minister of Productivity and
Commerce.


2000- Deputy Head of State, Speaker of the House of
Representatives Alix Boyd Knights, Dominica
Former human Right's Advocate.


2001-05 Vice-President Sandra Sumang Pierantozzi,
Palau (Balau)
1989-96 Minister of Administration and Budget as her
country's first female minister, 1992 she was candidate for
Vice-President and from 1996 senator and Floor Leader. In
2001 she again became Minister of Administration and
Budget again, and was later appointed Minister of
Health. In 2000 opponent as Vice-Presidential candidate
was her nephew, Senator Alan Seid. In 2004 she failed to
be re-elected for second term. Minister of State from 2009
and thereby in charge of Foreign and Domestic Affairs,
International Trade and the Office of the Public Defender


2001-2003 and 2004-2007 Deputy Head of State Nino
Burjanadze, Georgia
Elected Chairperson of the Parliament and Deputy Head of
State, after her predecessor resigned amid serious political
upheaval when President Eduard Shevardnadze sacked his
entire cabinet. She was Acting President after Shevardnaze
was forced to resign 2003-04 and again from 2007. (b.
1964-).


2002 1st. Vice-President Lineth Saboro Chaverri,
Costa Rica
She held various Cabinet Positions. At 23rd. of June 2003
President Abel Pacheco de la Espriella (b. 1933-) went on
one week's sick-leave and surrendered his power
temporarilyto her. She since acted on many occations since
then, when she has been "Presidenta en ejercicio de la
Repblica de Costa Rica". (b. 1962-)


2002-06 2nd Executive Vice-President Armida Villela
de Lpez Contreras, Honduras
She was lawyer prior to her election to the post of vice-
President. She is also in charge of various social programs.


2002-07 Vice-President Truong My Hoa, Vietnam
Trng M Hoa was President of the National Committee for
the Advancement of Women Ca. 1995-2002 and Vice-
President of the National Assembly of Viet Nam until 2002.
(b. 1945-).


2002- Deputy Head of State, President of the Senate
Dr. Linda Baboolal, Trinidad and Tobago
Chairperson of Peoples National Movement 1996-
2002.Minister of Social Welfare and Consumer's
Affairs 1991-95 and Minister of Health 1995. Only a couple
of days after her election to Senate President, she became
Acting President of the Republic during the travels abroad of
President Robinson (10-17.04).


2002-10 Deputy Head of State Dr. Szili Katalin,
Hungary
As President of The Orszggyls she was also Deputy Head
of State. Dr. Szili was Political State Secretary of
Environmental Protection 1994-98 and Deputy Speaker of
the National Assembly 1998-2002.


2002-06 Deputy Head of State Ingrda dre, Latvia
As Chairperson of the Saeima she was Deputy to the
President. From 1998 Co-Chairperson and 1998-99 Vice-
Chairperson of the Saeima Fracion of the New Party and in
1999 Minister of Economics and Presidential Candidate.
2004 Designated as European Commissioner. (b. 1958-).


2003 Vice-President Ruth Metzler-Arnold, Switzerland
(2004 Designate Federal President)
Ruth Metzler was considered a future hope of Swiss politics
but was was narrowly defeated for re-election in 2003 as the
first Councillor of State not to be reelected for 131 years,
because the parliament preferred a 18 years older man from
her party, who then took over the post of Federal President,
which would have occupied, had she remained in
office. Shewas Schelmeisterin, Councillor of Finance 1996-
99 and Vice-President of the Government 1998-99 of the
Kanton Appenzell-Innerhoden . (b. 1964-).


2003- Vice President Teima Onorio, Kiribati
Also known as Teimwa Onorio, she is her country's only
female MP and the first female cabinet member for 26 years
as Minister of Education, Youth and Sport Development
2003-07 and 2008-12, of Commerce, Industry and
Cooperatives 2007-08 and Internal Affairs and Social
Development from 2012. (b. 1963-).


2003 Deputy Head of State Anneli Jtteenmki,
Finland
As Prime Minister she was also also Deputy Head of State. In
1991-94 and 1999-2000 Deputy Parliamentary Leader and
since 2000 leader of Suomen Keskusta/Centern i Finland,
1994-95 Minister of Justice. (b. 1958-)


2003-06 and 2007- Deputy Head of State Ene Ergma,
Estonia
As Chairperson of the Riigikogu 2003-06 and from 2007 she
was also Deputy Head of State. D.Sc. in physics and
mathematics, Professor since 1988 and Vice-President of the
Estonian Academy of Sciences 1999-2003, Parliament Vice-
President from 2006 and Candiate in the August Presidential
Elections. (b. 1944-).


2004-09 Vice-President Ana Vilma Alvanez de Escobar,
El Salvador
Ana Vilma de Escobar was member of the Cabinet and
President of the Salvadoran Institute of Social
Security 1999-2003.


2004- Vice-President Joyce Mujuru, Zimbabwe
A General during the anti-colonial under the name of Teurai-
Ropa Nhongo. Also ZANU-Party Secretary of Education. 1980
Minister of Youth, Sport and Recreation, 1980-85 Minister of
Community Development and Women's Affairs, 1985-88
Minister of State by the Prime Minister, 1988-92 Minister of
Community Development, Cooperatives and Women
Affairs,1992-96 Resident Minister and Governor of
Mashonaland Central, 1996-97 Minister of Information, Post
and Telecommunication Since 1997 Minister of Rural
Resources and Water Development and in 2001 Acting
Minister of Defence
Former Secretary and from 2004 Vice-President of ZANU-P.
(b. 1955-).


2004-09 Deputy Head of State Dr. Fatma Ekenolu,
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
CTP Deputy from 2000. As Parliamentary Speaker she was
also Deputy Head of State. (b. 1949-).


2004-07 Deputy Head of State Dr. Anna Psarouda-
Benaki, Greece
As President of the Vouli she is Second in the state hierarchy
even though she only acts as Head of State if the President
is abroad for more than 10 days or dies in office. 1989 she
wasAlternate Minister of Education and Religion, 1990-91
Alternate Minister of Culture, 1991-92 Minister of
Culture and1992-93 Minister of Justice and Vice-President of
the Parliament 2000-04. (b. 1934-).


2005-08 Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka,
South Africa
1996-99 Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade, 1999-
2005Minister of Minerals and Energy, Acting Minister of Arts
and Culture in 2004 and appointed Acting President in 2004
from 28.07 to 30.07 and in 2005 on 23.01. When President
Mbeki was deposed by the ANC, she decided to resign
instead taking over as Acting President. (b. 1955-).


2005-06 2. Vice-President Alice Nzomukunda, Burundi
As Deputy Chief of State and Government, she was
responsible for Economic and Social Issues. Secretary
General of the Transitional National Assembly 2004-05 and
Spokesperson of RAFEBU (Ralliement des associations des
Femmes Burundaises) and the League of the Women of
CNDD-FDD and 1. Vice-President of the National Assembly
2007-08, Leader of the Democratic Alliance for Renewal
(ADR) from 2009 and Presidential Candidate in 2010. (b.
1966-).


2005-09 Vice-President Fatemeh Javadi, Iran
Also Head of the Environmental Protection Organisation. Until
her appointment she was paleontologist teaching at the
University of Shiraz.


2006 and 2010 Vice-President of the Confederation
Micheline Calmy-Rey, Switzerland
Former President of the Socialist Party of Gnve, she was
President of the Grand Conseil of Gnve 1993, Councillor
of Finance 1997-2002, Vice-President of the Cantonal
Government 2000-01 and President of the Cantonal
Government 2001-02. Federal Foreign Minister 2003-11
and President in 2007 and 2011. (b. 1945-).


2006- Vice-President Dr. Naja Al-Attar, Syria
Minister of Culture 1976-2000 and of National
Guidance 1994-2000. Graduated from University in 1958.


2006-08 1. Vice-President Laura Chinchilla Miranda,
Costa Rica
Vice-Minister of Security 1994-96, Minister of Public Security,
Interior and Police 1996-98 and also Minister of Justice from
2006 and President 2010-14. (b. 1959-).


2006-11 2. Vice-President Lourdes Mendoza del Solar,
Per

Former Mayor, Zoila Lourdes Carmen Sandra Mendoza del
Solar was the running-mate of Alan Garcia. (b. 1958-).


2006-07 2. Vice-President Marina Barampama,
Burundi
Secretary General of the Women's Leauge of the Cndd-fdd
Party from 2006. Fired by the president after 6 months in
office because of political differences.


2006-09 Deputy Head of State Dalia Itzik, Israel
As Speaker of the Knesset she was also Deputy Head of
State. Former Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem in charge of
Education, Labour Member of the Knesset 1992-2005,
Minister of Environment 1999-2001, Minister of Trade and
Industry 2001-02, Group Chairperson of Labour 2003-
05 and Minister of Communication in 2005. She joined
Kadima, a new party formed by Ariel Sharon in 2006. Acting
President 25.01-15-07 2007. (b. 1952-).


2007- Vice-President Nguyn Th Doan, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Doanis professor in Economics and Vice-
Chairperson of the Inspection Commission of the Communist
Party. (b. 1951-).


2008-09 Deputy President Baleka Mbete, South Africa
Chairperson of the (ANC) Parliamentary caucus 1995-
96,Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly 1996-2004 and
Speaker 2004-08 and ANC Chair from 2007. When the
President resigned in September 2008 it was expected that
she would be named Acting President for the period until April
2009, but this position went to a man, who appointed her as
Deputy President. (b. 1949-).


2008-12 Deputy Head of State Slavica uki-Dejanovi, Serbia

As President of the Skuptina, she was Deputy Head of
State. Dukic-Dejanovic. She is Vice-President of the Socijalistike
partije Srbije. Acting State President in 2012. Appointed Minister of Health in
2012.


2009 Vice-President of the Confederation Doris
Leuthard, Switzerland
Member of the Assembly in Aargau 1997-2000, Vice-President
of Christian Democratic Party, CVP 2001-04, President of CVP
Schweiz 2004-06 and Federal Councillor of Economic
Affairs2006-10 and of Environment, Energy, Transport and
Communication from 2010 and President in 2010. (b. 1963-).


2009-12 Vice-President Joyce Banda, Malawi

Minister of Women, Child Welfare and Community Service
2004-06 and Minister of Foreign Affairs 206-09. President after
the death of her predecessor in 2012. (b. 1954-).


2009-12 Deputy Head of State Irena Degutien,
Lithuania
As Speaker of the Seimas she was also Deputy Head of
State. Medical Doctor, 1994-97 Vice-Minister of Health,
Minister of Labour and Social Affairs 1997-2000, Acting
Prime Minister twice in 1999 and Deputy Speaker of the
Seimas 2008-09 and from 2012. (b. 1949-).


2009-13 Vice-President Nasrin Soltankhah, Iran
In carge of Science and Technology, 2005-09 Cabinet
Member andDirector of the Center for Women's
Participation and Presidential Advisor on Womens Affairs and
Member of the Theran City Council from 2003.


2009-13 Vice-President Fatemeh Bodaghi, Iran
Advices the president on Legal and Juridical Affairs


2009-13 Vice-President Farahnaz Torkestani, Iran
Head of National Youth Organization


2010-14 Vice-President Mara Antonieta Guilln de
Bogrn, Honduras
President of Partido Nacional in 2009. Also Minister of the
Presidency 2010-14.


2010-11 Deputy Head of State Hannelore Kraft,
Germany
Member of the Landtag of NRW since 2000, Minister of
Federal- and European Affairs 2001-05 and Minister of Science
and Research in 2005, Parliamentary Leader of the Social
Democrats 2005-20, State Chairperson of the party from 2007
and from 2009 Federal Vice-Chairperson and from 2010
Minister President of Nordrhein-Westfalen and as such
President of the Council of States from November 2010 to
November 2011 and also Deputy Head of State.(b. 1961-).


2010-12 Vice-President Monique Agns Ohsan-
Bellepeau, Mauritius
1995-2000 Junior Minister of Urban- and Rural Development
and Prsident of the parti travailliste until 2010 and Actin
President in 2012.


2011 Vice-President of the Confederation
Eveline Widmer-Sclumpf,Switzerland
Councillor of Finance and Military of Graubnden 1998-2007,
Vice-President of the Government 2000 and 2004 and
President of the Government 2001 and 2005, Federal
Councillor of Justice and Police 2008-10, Councillor of Finance from 2010
and Federal President in 2012. (b. 1956-).


2011- 1. Vice-President Marisol Espinoza Cruz, Peru
Member of the Congress 2006-11 and and Spokesperson for
the Partido Nacionalista Peruano in the Congress 2009-11.
(b. 1967-)


2011- Deputy Head of State, Marshall of the
Sejm Ewa Kopacz, Poland
Member of the Sejm 2001-2005 and from 2011 for
Platforma Obywatelsk, Minister of Helth 2007-11. (b. 1956-
)


2012- Vice President Ingrid Roxana Baldetti Elas,
Guatemala
Roxana Baldetti was member of the Congreso de Guatemala
2003-11 and Vice-President 2005-06, Parliamentary Leader
2008 and Secretary General of Partido Patriota 2009-11.
(b. 1962-).


2012- Vice President Margarita Popova, Bulgaria
Former Prosecutor, Law Professor and Minister of Justice
2009-11. (b. 1956-)


2012- Vice-President Margarita Cedeo de
Fernndez, The Dominican Republic
She was Presidential Advisor with the rank of a
Subsecretary 1996-2000 and First Lady and coordinator of
social policies 2004-12. (b. 1965-)


2013- Deputy Head of State Halimah Yacob, Singapore
As Speaker of the Parliament she is Second Deputy Head of State. MP since
2001 and former Chair of the Jurong Town Council, Mister of State of
Community Development, Youth and Sports 2011-13. (b. 1954-).


2013- Vice-President Lzara Mercedes Lpez Acea, Cuba
1. Secretary of the Communist Party of the Province of
Cienfuegos and member of the national Politbureau


2013- Vice-President Gladys Mara Bejerano Portela, Cuba
Vice-Minister of Audit and Control 2006-07 and Comptroller General since
2007. (b. 1947)


2013- Vice-President for Legal Affairs Elham
Aminzadeh, Iran
MP 2004-008 and Vice-Chair of the National Security and
Foreign Policy Committee.


2013- Deputy Head of State Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury,
Bangladesh
As Speaker of the Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad she is Deputy
Head of State. 2012-13 Minister of State for Women and
Children Affairs


2013- Deputy Head of State, Sibel Siber, the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus
As Speaker of the Speaker of the Cumhuriyet Meclisi, she is
Deputy Head of State. MP from 2009 and Prime Minister in
2013 in the self-declared state that comprises the
northeastern part of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by
Turkey.


2013- Deputy Head of State Loreta Grauinien, Lithuania
As Speaker of the Siemas she is Deputy Head of State and acts when the
president is abroad or permanently incapicated.
She is Vice-President of the Labour Party and Presidential
Candidate in 2009 (b. 1963-)


2014 Vice-President Simonetta Sommaruga,
Switzerland
Federal Councillor of Justice and Police and Substitute
Councillor of Interiorfrom 2010.


2014- Deputy Head of State, President of
the Skuptina Maja Gojkovi, Serbia
Vice-Chairperson of the Yoguslav Chamber of Citizens 1993-
94, Serbian Minister without Portfolio 1998-99, Vice-President
of the Government of Yugoslavia 1999-2000, Mayor of Novi
Sad 2004-08, Secretary General and Vice-President of the
Serbian Radical Party until 2006, Chairperson of her own party
"Grupa Graana - Maja Gojkovi" 2008 and later joined the
ruling Serbian Progressive Party (b. 1963-).


2014- 2. Vice-President Ana Elena Chacon
Echeverria, Costa Rica
Vice-Minister of Interior, Police and Public Security for
Police and Interior 2004-06, MP 2006-10.


2014- Vice-President-elect Isabel Saint Malo de
Alvarado, Panama
Former Assistant Ambassador to the UN and official in the
foreign ministry until 1994, the worked for the United
Nations Development Program until she moved to the
private sector in 2008. Designated to take over as Foreign
Minister in July.

Last update 26.05.14
FEMALE
PERMANENT

REPRESENTATIVES
AND
AMBASSADORS
TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
AND UNITED NATIONS
The main UN organizations are in New York, Gnve and Vienna.
See also UN Vice-Ambassadors and
Representatives to Leauge of Nations


1924 Permanent Delegate to the League of
Nations Elena Vararesco, Romania
Elena Vcrescu held the rank of Ambassador and acted as
Substitute Delegate in 1922-1924, a Delegate in 1925-26, and
a Substitute Delegate again 1926-38. A poet and author of
novels, she was a member of the Gheorghe Ttrescu-
headed Romanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference
at the end of World War II. She lived (1864-1947).


1950-52 Ana Figueroa Gajardo, Chile
Delegate to the United Nations with rang of Minister
Plenipotentiary, delegate to the Commission of Human
Rights 1950-52 and President of the Social, Cultural and
Humanitarian Commission.Member of the Security Council
in 1952.


1950-71 Minerva Bernardino, The Dominican Republic
1971-76 Ambassador to The Netherlands. She lived (1907-
98)


1958-64 Agda Rssel, Sweden
Sometime member of the Security Council. She was
ambassador to Bulgaria and Yugoslavia 1964-69,
Czechoslovakia 1969-73 and Greece 1973-76. She lived
(1910-2001)


1972-76 Jeanne Martin-Cisse, Guinea
In 1972 she was President of the Security Council
(November-December), 1964-71 Deputy President of
Assemble Nationale and1976-84 Minister of Social
Affairs in Guinea. (b. 1926-)


1974 Princess Elizabeth Rukidi Nyabongo of Toro,
Uganda
Also known as Elizabeth Bagaya, she was Ambassador-at-
Large 1971-1973, to Egypt and Ethiopia1973-74, Minister
of Foreign Affairs 1974,Spokesperson for the National
Resistance Movement (NRM) in Europe 1980-86,
Ambassador to USA 1986-88. In 1989 she refused to be
transferred to France. When her brother was reinstalled
as king Patric Olimmi Kaboyo II in 1993, she officially
took the office of Batebe, chief advisor, which she had
been installed to in 1966. When died in 1995 she became
one of the guardians for hisson Iguru IV (b. 1993-
). Ambassador to Germany 2006-08 and The Vatican
2006-07 and to Nigeria from 2008. She is daughter of
King Sir George David Kamurasi Rukidi III of Toro (1927-
65) and was married to Prince Wilbur Nyabongo, who
died in an aeroplane crash in 1986. (b. 1936-).


1975-77 Angie Brook-Randolph, Liberia
Assistant Secretary of State of Liberia 1956-73, Delegate to
the UN from 1955, 1956 Vice-Chairperson and 1961
chairperson of the Committee of Trust and Non-self
Government Territories, 1961 Vice-President of the
Committee on Information on Non-Self-government
Territories, 1962 Chairperson on the Commission for
Ruanda-Urundi, 1965 Vice-President, 1966 President of the
Trusteeship Council and 1969-70 President of the United
Nation's General Assembly and Judge in the Supreme Court
from 1977. She lived (1928-2007)


Ca. 1976 Marie-Jo McIntyre, Grenada
Concurrently Ambassador to Canada. Her country's first
female ambassador.


1977-79 Dr. Gwendoline C. Konie, Zambia
Ambassador to Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and
Iceland 1974-77 and to Belgium, European Union and
Germany 1992-99/2000. Also former Permanent Secretary
of the Ministry of Tourism and of the Cabinet Office. In
2000 she founded the Social Democratic Party and in the
following year she announced her candidacy for the
presidency.


1980-87 Giovinella Gonthier, Seychelles
1987-89 Ambassador to the European Union, France and
USA. 1989 she moved to USA. (b. 1953-).


1981-85 Hanna Abedou Bowen Jones, Liberia
1975-78 Minister of Post, 1977-78 Minister of Communication, 1978-81
Minister of Health and Social Security and 1983-84 Vice-President of the
General Assembly of the United Nations.


1981-88 Edmonde Dever, Belgium
She was UN Deputy Representative 1966-69 and
Ambassador to Sweden and Austria 1978-81. (b. 1920-)


1981-85 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, United States of America
Jeanne Duane Jordan Kirkpatrick was also member of the
Cabinet Member. She was in question as vice-Presidential
running-mate for Bush 1988, and later Professor in
International Relations at Georgetown University. She lived
(1926-2006)


1982-83 Biymi Kekeh, Togo
1978-81 Minister of Social Affairs, Health and Women and 1981-82
Ambassador to Cuba.


1982-85 Simone Mairie, Cameroon
Director in the Foreign Ministry 1968-82 followed by various
diplomatic postings. (1939-).


1982-88 Francesca Pometta, Switzerland (Observer)
Later Ambassador to Italy etc. From around 1997 Chairperson of the
Holocaust Victims' Foundation.


1986-88 Nora Astorga Gadia, Nicaragua
A leading commander in the civil war she was Deputy
Minister of Foreign Affairs 1984-86. Also ambassador to
USA 1986-88, but her credentials was never accepted. Died
of cancer, lived (1944-88)


1986-90 Dame Nita Barrow, Barbados
Head of national and international nurse-organizations
before becoming Ambassador to the UN, Cuba and the
Dominican Republic. Governor-General of Barbados 1990-
95 and lived (1916-95).


1986-96 Margaret E. McDonald, Bahamas
1980-86 Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Civil Service of
Bahamas. Also Ambassador to USA


1986-91(Acting) Robin Mauala, Samoa
She was First Secretary 1978-1985 and Charge d'Affaires 1986-1991 of
the Permanent Representation, and later worked with the UN with the
UNOMSA mission to South Africa helping with the first democratic
elections there (1992-94). (d. 1999),


1988-92 Dr. Marjorie R. Thorpe, Trinidad and Tobago
Deputy Director of the United Nations Development Fund
for Women (UNIFEM) 1992-995. Resident Representative of
the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for
Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean and Coordinator of the
United Nations System Operational Activities for the same
area 1995-1999 and member of a number of commissoins
and panels. In 2001 she was the nominee of the United
National Congress for the post of Speaker of the
Parliament, but a man was elected.


1989-91 Ursula H. Barrow, Belize
1993-98 Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Germany,
France, the Vatican and the European Union. 1994 she
married Viscount Waverly of West Dean, and had her only
child, Hon. Forbes Anderson, two years later. (b. 1955-).


1989-90 Dame Margaret Hercus, New Zealand
1984-87 Minister of Social- and Women's Affairs. 1998-99
UN Representative to Cyprus, since 1999 Personal
Representative of the UN Secretary General. (b. 1944-)


1989-96 Chan Heng Chee, Singapore
Concurrently Ambassador to Canada and Mexico, since
1996 Ambassador to USA.


1990-2002 Claudia Fritsche, Liectenstein
1980-87 a number of diplomatic postings and secretary to
the Parliamentary Delegation to the Council of Europe and
EFTA. 1987-89 1st. Secretary in Germany, 1989-90 1st.
Secretary in Austria. Ambassador to USA since 2000. She is
both the first UN Ambassador since Liechtenstein joined the
UN and the country's first female ambassador. (b. 1952-)


1992-98 Annette des Iles, Trinidad and Tobago
1980-85, 1985 Ambassador to Ecuador Resident in Venezuela, 1985-86
and 1986-89 Permanent Secretary of External Affairs and -Trade and
1989-92 of Youth, Sports and Culture. Concurrently with her posting to the
UN she was also Ambassador to Venezuela, Columbia and Peru. 1994-97
Chairperson of the The Alliance of Small Island States.Permanent
Secretary of the Prime Minister and Head of the Public Service from 2000
until before 2009.


1992-95 Louise Frechette, Canada
Ambassador to Argentina and Uruguay 1985-92, Deputy
Minister of Defence, 1995-98, First Deputy Secretary
General of the United Nations 1998-2006. (b. 1946-)


1992-95 Dr. Lucille Mathurin Mair, Jamaica
1975-78 Ambassador to Cuba (As the first Woman), ca.
1976-81 Ambassador to USA and Canada, 1981-86
Assistant Secretary General of the UN Decade for
Women,1989-92 Minister of State of External Affairs
(Senator). She lived (1924-2009).


1992-99 Akmaral Kh. Arystanbekova, Kazakstan
1987-89 Member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
and 1989-91 Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet
Republic of Kazakstan,, 1992-99 also Ambassador to Cuba,
1994-95 Vice-President of the 49
th
Session of the UN
General Assembly. Ambassador to France from 1999. (b.
1948-)


1992-95 Narcisa L. Escaler, Philippines
Career diplomat with a number of postings in various
countries, Ambassador to UN in Gneve 1989-92 and
Deputy Director of the International Organization for
Migration Ca. 1997-2000.


1993-97 Madeleine Korbel Albright, United States of
America
Secretary of State 1997-2001. See Female Foreign
Ministers for more details. (b. 1937-).


1993 (Acting) Janet Jagan, Guyana
Active in politics since the 1950s, in 1993 she was
Ambassador-at-Large and Acting Permanent Representative
to the UN. Her career culminated when she became Prime
Minister in 1997 and was President 1997-99.
See Presidents She lived (1919-2009)


Around 1993 Jean George, Trinidad and Tobago
Public servant and probably Deputy Permanent
Representative.


1994-95 Dr. Lala-Shovket Gadjieva, Azerbaijan
1993-94 State Secretary in President's Office, she was
appointed UN-ambassador but newer took up the position.
Since ca. 1998 chairperson of the Liberal Party (b. 1951-).


Ca. 1994-99 Dr. Sonia Leonce-Carryl, St. Lucia
(Charg d'Affaires etc.)
Since 1999 Deputy Permanent Representative and Minister-
Councillor, in 2004 she was Deputy Chief of Staff of the
President of the UN General Assembly (The Minister of
External Affairs of St. Lucia)


1995-2002 Migonette Patricia Durrant, Jamaica
Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations
1983-87, Ambassador to Federal Republic of Germany,
Israel, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the Holy See
1987-92 and Director-General of Jamaica's Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade 1992-95. Member of the
Security Council 2000-2001 and is President in November
2001 .


1995- Dr. Aksoltan Toreevna Ataeva, Turkmenistan
1985-88 Deputy Minister of Health, 1990-94 Minister of
Health and 1994-95 Minister of Social Affairs.


1996-99 Zamira Eshmambetova, Kyrgyzstan
Afterwards United Nations Municipal Administrator in
Kosovo


1997-2001 Dr. Penople Anne Wensley, Australia
Penny Wensley was Ambassador for the Environment 1992-
95, Permanent Representative to UN in Gnve and
Ambassador of Disarmament 1993-95, Ambassador to India
2001-04, to Bhutan 2003-04, to France 2004-08 and
Governor of Queensland from 2008. (b. 1946-).


1998-2000 Cristina Aguar, Dominican Republic
Also a permanent delegate to the Sixth Committee
(ECOSOC) on the status of women and also in the
deliberations of the Third Committee (Social affairs and
Human rights). She is also a law professor and lecturer
throughout North America and Europe.


1998-2005 Marjatta Rasi, Finland
1987-91 Deputy Permanent Representative (Ambassador)
to UN, Ambassador to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan
and Sri Lanka 1991-94, Head of Finland's Development
Agency 1994-98. President of the UN Economic and Social
Council in 2004. (b. 1945-)


1998 Olga Keltov, Slovakia
1990-1991 Vice-President of the Slovak National Council, 1992-94 and
1994-98 Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, from 1994 Vice-
Chairperson of HZDS. She was in office as UN Representative from March
to November (b. 1943-).


1999-2004 June Yvonne Clarke, Barbados
Ambassador to Canada 1996-99. 2002-03 she was Vice-
President of the General Assembly of the United Nations.


1999-2003 Madina B. Jarbussynova, Kazakstan
MP 1991-95 and a Diplomat afterwards. 1998-99 Deputy
Minister of Foreign Affairs. Concurrently with her posting to
the UN she is also Ambassador to Cuba. 2003 Vice-
Chairperson of the General Assembly and Acting
Chairperson 17.2-12.3 during the absence of the Chairman.
Her surname is also spelled Jarbusynova. (b. 1954-)


1999-2001 Elmira S. Ibraimova, Kyrgyzstan
Leader of the parliamentary faction of Ak Zhol in 2007,
Deputy Foreign Minister 2007-08 and Deputy Prime Minister
2008-09 and Coordinator of the Social Sector, Public
Rlations and Media of the Provisorial Government from
2010. (b. 1962-).


1999-2000 Mahawa Bangoura Camara, Guinea
In 1995 Ambassador to USA and Foreign Minister 2000-02.
See Female Foreign Ministers


1999-2001 Neh Rita Sangai Dukuly-Tolbert, Liberia
1977-81 Ambassador to France and UNESCO, 1978 also to
Switzerland, Luxembourg and Spain. Worked for UNESCO
and UNICEF 1981-96. Widow of former minister of Finance
Stephen A. Tolbert. Ambassador to China from 2004


2000-05 Merle Pajula, Estonia
1993-95 2nd and 3rd Secretary for Press and Information in
the Foreign Minister, 1995-98 2. Secretary at the Embassy
to Finland and 1998-2000 Director General in the Foreign
Ministry for Press and Information. (b. 1960-)


2001-07 Ellen Margrethe Lj, Denmark
Ambassador to Israel 1989-92, viceudenrigsrd and leader
in the Foreign Ministry 1992-96, State Secretary in the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1996-2001 (Her title was
Udenrigsrd og Chef for Sydgruppen (Foreign Affairs
Councillor and Head of the South Group) and she was
Leader of the Department of Development Aid within the
Foreign Ministry). 2004-07 Member of the Security Council
and May 2005 and June 2006 it's chairperson. Ambassador
to the Czech Republic 2007-08 and Special Representative
of the United Nations Secretary General in Liberia as Chief
of UNMI, the peace-keeping mission with 15.000 soldiers
and policemen 2008-12. (b. 1948-).


2001-07 Margaret Hughes Ferrari, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
Prior to her current appointment, Ms. Ferrari had been a full
partner in the law firm of Hughes and Cummings since
1990. From 1967 to 1990, she was Secretary and Legal
Executive at the same firm, and has held other public
functions. Mother of three children. (b. 1948-).


2001-03 Luzria Dos Santos Jal, Guinea Bissau
1986-1995, she worked in several offices of her country's
Ministry of Finance, including the Bureau of Studies, the
Department of External Debt, the Department of Budget
and Investment, the Revenue Department, and the General
Inspection of Finance, 1999-2000President of the Institute
of Women and Children.


2002-03 Irma E. Klein-Loemban Tobing, Suriname
Began her career in 1958 with Surinames Ministry of
Justice and eventually became Chief of the Legal
Department. 1982-88 Chief of the Department of Juridical
Affairs and Treaties of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1988
Counselor at the Embassy of Suriname in the Netherlands,
since 1994 she worked at the Permanent Mission of
Suriname to the United Nations recently as Ambassador-at-
large at the Permanent Mission. She has also been Member
of Parliament and, since 1993, she has been a member of
the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Mother of two sons.


2003-06 Prof. Dr. Judith Mbula Bahemuka, Kenya
Chairperson of the Social and Human Sciences National
Committee at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) National
Commission. 1994-98, professor and Chairperson of the
Universitys Department of Sociology, and from 1998
Director of the University of Nairobis International Learning
Centre. (b. 1942-).


2001- Dr. Paulette A. Bethel, Bahamas
1983-94 Deputy Chief of Mission, first at the Permanent
Mission of the Bahamas to the United Nations in New York,
and then at the Bahamian Embassy and Permanent Mission
to the OAS in Washington, D.C. and later worked in a
number of insurance companies.


2004-07 Laxanachantorn Laohaphan, Thailand
A diplomat from 1972, she was Ambassador
to Australia, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu 1994-
2000. Worked in the Foreign Ministry 2002-03 and 2003-04
Permanent Representative to the United Nations inGeneva.
(b. 1946-).


2004-06 Nabeela Abdulla Al-Mulla, Kuwait
From 1977 until 1994, she was a member of the Permanent
Mission of Kuwait to the United Nations in New York, where
she held several posts, the last being Deputy Permanent
Representative, 1994-95 Ambassador to Zimbabwe, South
Africa, Namibia, Mauritius and Botswana and1996-99
Ambassador to South Africa, Namibia, Mauritius and
Botswana, 1999-2004 Ambassador to Austria, Hungary,
Slovakia and Slovenia andResident Representative to the
United Nations Office at Vienna, the United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
(CTBTO), and the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA), 2002-03 Chairperson of the Board of Governors of
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)


2004-07 Mara de Ftima Lima Veiga, Capo Verde
Ambassador to Cuba 1999-2001 and Secretary of State of
Foreign Affairs 2001-02 and Minister of Foreign Affairs
2002-04 and Ambassador to USA from 2007. (b. 1957-).


2004-10 Carmen Mara Gallardo Hernndez, El Salvador
1992 and 1993 Permanent Delegate to UNESCO in Paris, in
1994Ambassador to France and Portugal, 1995-
96 Executive Director of the Foundation for Peace
(FUNDAPAZ), 2002-04, Coordinator for International
Cooperation of the Supreme Court of Justice. (b. 1949-).


2004-06 Mara ngela Holgun-Cullar, Colombia
Angela Holguin was Chief of Cabinet, Secretary General of
the Ministry of External Affairs, 1996-97, Vice-Minister of
External Relations in 1998, Ambassador to Venezuela 2002-
04. She was offered the post of Ambassador to France in
2006 but refused. Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2010.


2004-07 Ruth Elizabeth Rouse, Grenada
Ruth Rouse was High Commissioner to United Kingdom
from 1999 and thereafter Chief of Protocol to the
Government of Grenada and in a Regional Capacity at the
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States High Commission
in Ottawa Canadaand from 2004 also non-resident High
Commissioner to South Africa and Nigeria.


2004 (Acting) Aiga Liepina, Latvia
The Deputy Representative since 2003, she was
Acting Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Latvia to the
United Nations. Worked in the Foreign Ministry for a
number of years.


2005-09 Kirsti Lintonen, Finland
1990-94 Ambassador to Namibia and Tanzania, 1996-
2003 Understate Secretary of Foreign Affairs 2003-05,
Ambassador to Ambassador to South Africa, Botswana,
Lesotho, Mauritius, Namibia, Swaziland and the Southern
African Development Community. (b. 1945-).


2005- Tiina Intelmann, Estonia
Ambassador to OSCE 1999-2002, Undersecretary of Foreign
Affairs 2002-05.


2005- Marlene Inemwin Moses, Nauru
A former diplomat she was Permanent Secretary for
Internal Affairs1999-2000 and Permanent Secretary for
Health and Medical Services2000-03. Deputy Permanent
Representative 2003-05 and during that time, she also
served as Acting Chief Secretary, and Public Service
Commissioner and Secretary to the Cabinet.


2005-09 Fekitamoeloa Utoikamanu, Tonga
Also Ambassador to USA, Venezuela, Cuba and Canada.
She has been a Civil servant from 1983, Deputy Secretary
of Foreign Affairs and Deputy National Authorizing
Officer 1991-2002, Secretary of Foreign Affairs and
National Authorizing Officer 2002-05 and Deputy Director
General of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community from
2009. Her husband is Minister of Finance in Tonga.
(b. 1959-).


2005 (Acting) Anne Woods Patterson, United States of
America(January-August)
The US Vice-Ambassador and Deputy Representative in
the Security Council 2004-05, she acted as Permanent
Representative during a vacancy on the post. She was
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American
Affairs 1993-96, Ambassador to El Salvador 1997-2000 and
to Columbia 2000-03, Deputy Inspector General 2004-05,
andAssistant Secretary of State from 2005. (b. 1949-).


2005-09 Rosemary Banks, New Zealand
Deputy Secretary of the Foreign Ministry for Multilateral
Affairs 2000-05 after various diplomatic postings and
international posts.


2005-08 Mirjana Mladineo, Croatia
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs 2000-03, Ambassador to
the European Union 2003-05.


2005-08 Solveiga Silkalna, Latvia
Former Deputy Permanent Representative and Ambassador
to the Council of Europe.


2006 (Acting) Caroline Millar, Australia (February-
April)
2005-06 Deputy Permanent Representative, Ambassador
and Charg d'Affaires. Ambassador for Disarmament and
Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United
Nations at Geneva from 2006.


2006- Claudia Blum de Barberi, Colombia
Senator 1991-2006. As President of the Senate 2005-06 she
was also President of the Congress of the Republic - the
union of the upper and lower chamber, the Chamber of
Representatives. Ambassador and Permanent Representative
to the United Nations from 2006. (b. 1948-).


2006- Lila Hanitra Ratsifandrihamanana, African
Union
1997-98 Minister of Scientific Research and Minister of
Foreign Affairs in Madagascar 1998-2003 and her
country's Ambassador to Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso,
Morocco, Cape Verde and Cte dIvoire 2002-06 before
becoming Permanent Observer of the AU. Also known as
Ramatoa Ratsifandrihamanana Lia (b. 1959-).


2006- (Acting) Janine Elizabeth Coye-Felson, Belize
Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative from 2005 and
Charg d'affaires a.i. from around 2005.


2007-09 Ismat Jahan, Bangladesh
Deputy Ambassador to India 2001-03, Ambassador to the
Netherlands 2003-07. (b. 1960-).



2007- Byrganym Aitimova, Kazakhstan
MP 1990-93, Minister of Youth Affairs and Sport 1993-96,
Ambassador to Israel 1996-2002, Ambassador to Italy
2002-04, Minister of Education and Science 2004-07 and
Deputy Prime Minister in 2004. (b. 1953-).


2007- Sanja tiglic, Slovenia
Second and First Secretary to the United Nation's Mission
1997-2002 and Alternate Representative to the Security
Council 1998 and 1999,State Under-Secretary and Head
of the Ministers Office 2003-04, Head of the Division for
Relations with the countries of Western, Northern and
Central Europe in Slovenias Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2005-06. (b. 1970-).


2007- Kanika Phommachanh, Laos
Appointed Permanent Representative designate on
29 August 2006, Director General of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs since 1997, Minister Counsellor and Charge
dAffaires at UN 1991-97. (b. 1951-)


2007- Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti, Brazil
Diplomat and Director-General of the Department of
Human Rights and Social Affairs and Director-General of
the Department of International Organizations, working
within various committees of the United Nations. (b.
1954-).


2007- Ochir Enkhtsetseg, Mongolia
First Secretary and Minister Counseller to the United
Nationions 1992-97, Director-General of the Multilateral
Cooperation Department in the Foreign Ministry 2000-07.
(b. 1961-).


2007- Maria Rubiales de Chamorro, Nicaragua
Minister Counsellor to the United Nations, the Non-Aligned
Movement 1981-86 and represented Nicaragua in the
Security Council 1982-83. ,Director-General of Foreign
Policy for Asia, Africa and the Non-Aligned Countries in the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1986-90 and Director-General of
the Governmental Promotion Agency in Managua until
2007. (b. 1948-).


2007 (Acting) Asha Burkhardt-Remesar, Suriname
Deputy Permanent Representative 2007-10 and Charg
d'affaires a.i. during the vacany on the position of
Ambassador.


2007-08 (Acting) Rina M. Tareo, Marshall Islands
First Secretary and was Charg d'affaires a.i. during the vacany on the
position of Ambassador.


2007-10 (Acting) Ami Diallo, Mali
First Secretary and Charg d'affaires a.i. during the vacany on the
position of Ambassador.


2008- Joy Ogwu, Nigeria
Professor of International Affairs and Director of the Foreign
Affairs Institute through many years and Minister of Foreign
Affairs 2006-07. (b. 1946-).


2008 Neneh Macdouall-Gaye, The Gambia
Journalist and former Deputy Director of the National
Television Corporation, 2005 Secretary of State of Industry
and Employment,2005-08 Secretary of State,
Communication, Information and Technology and
Ambassador to USA, Candada and Mexico (b. 1957-).


2008-12 Susan Waffa-Ogoo, The Gambia
1994-95 Secretary of State of Information and Tourism,
1996 and 1997-2001 Secretary of State of Tourism and
Culture, 2001-2004 Secretary of State of Fisheries and
Natural Resources, 2004-06 Secretary of State of Tourism
and Culture, Ambassador to India in 2008 and Minister of
Foreign Affairs from 2012.


2008-09 (Designate) Nadia Bishop, Grenada
A lawyer, she is daughter of late Prime Minister Maurice
Bishop, who owerthrew the government in 1979 and was
executed in 1983. Initially she accepted her appointment
but later withdrew and never actually took office.


2008-10 Gabriela Shalev, Israel
At the time of her appointment she was Rector of the Ono
Academic College, Professor of International Law from
1986. Her appointment must still be approved by the
parliament. (b. 1941-).


2008- Simona-Mirela Miculescu, Romania
Director of the Department for Public Communication of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993 and 2008 as well as
Spokesperson of the Ministry in 1993 and 1999, Foreign
Policy Advisor to the President of Romania 2000-04. Also
worked as Senior Public Information Officer for OSCE in
Kosovo and Senior Public Outreach Advisor to the Iraqi
Government. (b. 1959-)


2008- Marina Annette Valere, Trinidad and Tobago
Former Director in the Foreign Ministry, Acting Ambassador
to Jamaica 1993-94 and is also Permanent Representative
to the Organization of American States from 2008.


2008-09 Mara Fernanda Espinosa, Ecuador
Economist and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2007 and
Minister-Coordinator of the National Heritage 2009-12 and
Minister of Defence from 2012. (b. 1963-).


2008- Sylvie Lucas, Luxembourg
Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations
1995-2003, Ambassador to Portugal and Cape Verde 2003-
04 and worked in the Foreign Ministry since then, President
of the United Nations Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC) in 2009. (b. 1965-).


2008-09 (Acting) Famatta Rose Osode, Liberia
Minister Councillor and involved in numerous committees
since 2001 and Acting Permanent Representative and
Charg d'Affaires a.i.


2009-13 Susan Rice, United States of America
University lecturer, 1993-97 Special Assistant to the
President, Senior Director of African Affairs, 1997-2001
Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs and National
Security Advicor from 2013. (b. 1964-).


2009- Yavel Francis Lanuza, Panama
Ambassador, Advisor and Permanent Representative at the
World Trade Organisation in Gneve 2005-10.


2009- Dessima M. Williams, Grenada
Ambassador to the Organisation of American States 1979-
83, Grenadan NGO-Representative at various United
Nations General Assemblies and UN Summits. Associate
Professor of Sociology.


2009- Anne Anderson, Ireland
Permanent Representative to the European Union 2001-
05, Ambassador to France 2005-09 and to Monaco 2007-
09.(b. 1952-)


2009- Marjon V. Kamara, Liberia
Worked at the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR) for 20 years latest as Director for
Africa based in Geneva 2005-09.


2009- Isabelle Picco, Monaco
Deputy Permanent Representative 1999-2009.


2010- Mary Elizabeth Flores Flake, Honduras
Lizzy Flores was Congress Member for the Partido Liberal de
Honduras and 2006-09 1. Vice-President of the Congreso
Nacional . Took over as Acting President when the former
President became Interim Head of State after the elected
President was outed by a coup d'etat. Ambassador to the
United Nations from 2010. Her father, Carlos Roberto Flores
was President 1998-2002. (b. 1973-).


2010- Sofia Borges, Timor Leste
Former Councillor and Deputy UN Representative 2005-
10. (b. 1970-)


2010 Mrta Horvth Fekszi, Hungary
A long time diplomat, she was State Secretary of
Foreign Affairs 2005-06, Senior State Secretary 2006-
09 and Chief of Cabinet in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
in 2009. (b. 1954-).


2010-? (Acting) Joyce Dianne Bourne, Barbados
She is First Secretary and was Charg d'affaires a.i. during the vacany on
the position of Ambassador.


2011- Edita Hrd, The Czech Republic
Working in the diplomatc service since 1992
in several positions. Ambassador of the Czech Republic to
Argentina and Paraguay in 1999-2003. (b. 1963-)


2011- Lyutha Al-Mughairy, Oman
Lyutha Sultan al-Mughairy previously worked at the UN
before becoming Ambassador at the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, heading the department of the Secretary General in
2008. Sister of Hunaina Bin Sultan Bin Ahmed Al-Mughairy
, Ambassador to USA from 2005, whose husband was
previously UN Ambassador.


2012- Mwaba Kasese-Bota, Zambia
HIV Orphans and Vulnerable Children and Youth Adviser at
the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID) 2008-2011 and before that she worked for the
Zambian Ministry of Health. (b. 1969-)


2012- Mara Cristina Perceval, Argentina
Senator 2001-09, Under-Secretary for Institutional Reform
and Strengthening of Democracy in the Argentine
Presidency 2009-10 and Under-Secretary for Human Rights
at the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights 2010-12.


2012- Raimonda Murmokait, Lithuania
Worked in the Foreign Ministry from 1994, Deputy
Permanent Representative to the United Nations 2004-08,
Ambassador-at-large 2008-09, Director of the United
Nations, International Organizations and Human Rights
Department 2009-12. (1959-)


2012- Amatlain Elizabeth Kabua, Marshall Islands
Mayor of the Majuro Atoll Local Government 1986-1997,
Ambassador to Japan 1997-2003 and to Fiji 2009-12. (b.
1953-)


2012- Lois Michele Young, Belize
Former Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Social
Security and held other positions before that. (b. 1951-)


2012- Marie-Louise Potter, Seychelles
MP from 1993 and Leader of Government Business in
Parliament 2007-12 and concurrently Ambassador to the
United States from 2012. (b. 1959-)


2013 (Acting) Rosemary A. DiCarlo, USA
Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative since
2010. She is former Alternate Representative for Special
Political Affairs to the United Nations, and as Deputy
Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian
Affairs and Director for United Nations Affairs at the
National Security Council.


2013- Samantha Power, USA
Also Member of the US Cabinet. Senior White House Director for
Multilateral Affairs 2009-13. (b. 1970)
Last update 08.08.13
WOMEN
SPY CHIEFS


1988-93 Hanne Bech Hansen, Denmark
Deputy Chief Prosecutor of Fyn 1981-84 and Acting
Prosecutor 1982-83, Deputy Commissioner of Police
of Gentofte 1984-86, Commissioner by the National
Commissioner of Police 1986, Leader of the
Intelligence Service of the Police (Chef for PET)
1988-93, Chief Prosecutor of Copenhagen,
Frederiksberg and Trnby 1993-95, Commissioner
of Police of Copenhagen (Kbenhavns Politidirektr)
since 1995. (b. 1939-)


1992-95 Dame Stella Rimmington, United
Kingdom
Worked with the police since the 1960s. 1990-92
she was Senior Deputy Director General of MI5 and
Director General until her retirement. (b. 1936-)


1993-2002 Birgitte Stampe, Denmark
Deputy Commissioner by the National
Commissioner of Police (Vicepolitimester hos
Rigspolitichefen) 1984-88, Commissioner of Police
in charge of Personnel 1988-93, Leader of PET
1993-2002 and Deputy National Commissioner of
Police (Vicerigspolitichef) 1996-2002. Commissioner
of Police in Lyngby 2002-06 and later in Hillerd
until 2007, when the post was abolished. The
Deputy Commissioner of Police in Hillerd was Inge
Wilsbech Andersen.


1997 Acting Claudia J. Kennedy, USA
She was Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for
Intelligence 1995-97 and Deputy Chief of Staff and
Lieutenant General since 1997 and Acting Chief of
Staff for Intelligence in 1997.


2000 Marisa Del'Isola e Diniz, Brazil
Up to her appointment as Chief she was Deputy
Director General of the Brazilian Intelligence Service
for Human Resources.


2001-04 Lindiwe Nonceba Sisulu, South Africa
She was Minister of Intelligence after having been
Deputy Minister of Home Affairs from 1996. ANC
Activist since the 1970s, and Military training
specializing in Intelligence 1977-79. Minister of
Housing 2004-09 and Minister of Defence from
2009.(b. 1954-).


2002-07 Eliza Manningham-Buller, United
Kingdom
She joined the security Service in 1974 and has
worked in a wide range of posts within it, primarily
concerned with counter terrorism. She has served
as a senior liaison officer to the US
intelligence community in Washington and in 1993
was promoted to be director of surveillance and
technical operations. She was later promoted to be
director of Irish counter terrorism, then
director of finance and IT. In 1997 she was
appointed deputy director general of the service,
and in 2002 Director General of the Security
Service. (b. 1953-)


2007-08 Head of the Security Services (DAS)
Maria del Pilar Hurtado, Columbia
Resigned over a scandal involving illegal
survaillance of an opposition Senator.


2006-08 Head of the Foreign Intelligence
Special Service Anna Zhvania, Georgia
Former Advisor to the President of Georgia on civic
integration and programme coordinator of the
Liberty Institute in 1998-1999.


2009-12 Chief of the Norwegian Police
Security Service Janne Kristiansen, Norway
Former Defence Lawyer, Leader of the independent
Norwegian Criminal Cases Review Commission
2003-09. (b. 1952-).


2013- Director of the Secret Service Julia
Pierson, USA
She worked with the Secret Service for 30 years,
latest as chief of staff. It is a a federal law
enforcement agency that is part of the United States
Department of Homeland Security which focus on
fraud and counterfeiting and the protection of the
president and other high ranking officials

Last update 31.03.13
WOMEN
CHIEFS OF POLICE



1994-2000 Chief of Police of Olso Ingelin
Killengreen (Norway)
2000- Chief of Police of Norway
She worked in the Ministry of Justice 1972-94,
before becoming Chief of Police (Title of Politimester
until 2004 and then Politidirektr and from 2000
Politidirektr i Politidirektoratet). (b. 1947-).


1995-09 Commissioner of Police of
Copenhagen Hanne Bech Hansen (Denmark)
Deputy Chief Prosecutor of Fyn 1981-84 and Acting
Prosecutor 1982-83, Deputy Commissioner of Police
of Gentofte 1984-86, Commissioner by the National
Commissioner of Police 1986, Leader of the
Intelligence Service of the Police (Chef for PET)
1988-93, Chief Prosecutor of Copenhagen,
Frederiksberg and Trnby 1993-95, Commissioner
of Police of Copenhagen (Kbenhavns Politidirektr)
since 1995. (b. 1939-)


2006- Police Director of the National Police
Beatrice Munah Sieh, Liberia
She is a former ong time Riot Control officer and
former Deputy Director for Operations of the Liberia
National Police and amember of the International
Association of Chiefs of Police for a little over 10
years. Also previously served as chief of the
Uniformed Traffic Violation Ticketing System


2006-? Acting Director of the National Security Office
Zdenka Juzlov, The Czech Republic
Zdeka Jzlov, was the Deputy Director.


2008-09 Acting Commissioner General of the
National Police Mary Gahonzire, Rwanda
Deputy Commissioner General of the Rwandan
Police force from 2004. Later Commissioner General
of Prisons.


2008- Director of the National Police Marlene
Raquel Blanco Lapola, Guatemala
Has worked with the police since 1986. (b. 1966-).


2009 Acting Inspector-General of Police
Elizabeth Mills-Robertson, Ghana
As Deputy Inspector General she took over when
her predecessor was dismissed. Ambassador from
2009.


Before 2010- Fist Commander and Director
General Police Aminta Granera Sacasa,
Nicuragua



2012- National Police Commissioner Mangwashi Victoria
Phiyega, South Africa
Normally known as Riah Phiyega, she is a business woman who
headed a number of government committees.

At one point the National Commisisoner of Police in the Netherlands was a woman.
Last update 30.08.10
FEMALE
MINISTERS OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
CURRENTLY IN OFFICE
Apart from the women who have been Foreign Ministers a large number of women have
been deputy ministers. They can be found in the various country-entries in Women in
governments by country also see Female Foreign Ministers


2008- Carolyn Rodrigues, Guyana
Active in Amerindian Community Affairs for a number of
years, 2001-08 Minister of Amerindian Affairs (in charge
of the Native Americans in the Country). (b. 1974-).


2008- Maxine McClean, Barbados
Appointed Senator and Minister in the Prime Minister's
Office and Leader of Government Business in the Senate
in January 2008. From November 2008 also
Minister of Foreign Trade.


2009- Aurelia Frick, Liechtenstein
Business women, executive director and entrepreneur. Also
Government Councillor of Culture and Justice. (b. 1975-).


2009- Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, South Africa
Before becoming Minister of International Relations and
Cooperation, she was Member of the Executive Council for
Housing and Local Government in the Limpopo Province.


2009- Louise Mushikiwabo, Rwanda
2008-09 Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister
charged with Information.


2010- Baroness Ashton of Upholland, the European
Union
Catherine Ashton has been a Baroness from 1999,
BritishParliamentary Under-Secretary of State of
Education and Skills 2001-04, Parliamentary Under-
Secretary ofConstitutional Affairs 2004-06
and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State of
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs2006-07, Leader of
the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
2007-08, EU-Commissioner for Trade from 2008-10 and
Vice-President of the EU-Commission andHigh
Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy(b.
1956-).


2010- Mara ngela Holgun-Cullar, Colombia
Angela Holguin was Chief of Cabinet, Secretary General of
the Ministry of External Affairs, 1996-97, Vice-Minister of
External Relations in 1998, Ambassador to Venezuela
2002-04 and Ambassador to the United Nations 2004-06.
She was offered the post of Ambassador to France in 2006
but refused.


2011- Vesna Pusi, Croatia
Also Minister of European Affairs . She was
chairperson ofCroatian of Narodna Stranka 2000-05 and of
the Narodna Stranka-Liberalni Demokrati 2005-08, Vice-
President of the Sabor 2003-04 and Presidential Candidate
in 2009 and Foreign Minister from 2011. (b. 1953-)


2012- Nina Shtansky, Transnistria (Self declared
Republic in Moldova)
Presidential Special Representative for the Transnistria
Negotiating Process in 2012 and also ambassador
extraordinary and plenipotentiary from 2012. (b. 1978-)


2012- Maia Panjikidze, Georgia
Ambassador to Germany 2004-07 and the Netherlands
2007-10. Spokesperson for the Georgian Dream Party.



2012- Susan Waffa-Ogoo, The Gambia
1994-95, 1996, 1997-2001 and 2004-06 Minister of
Tourism, 1994-94 Minister of Information and 1996, 1997-
2001 and 2004-06 Minister of Culture 2001-2004 Minister
of Fisheries and Natural Resources, 2008 Ambassador to
India in 2008 and 2008-12 to the United Nations.


2012- Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Namibia
1989-96 Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1996-
2002 Head of the Department of Women in the Office of
the President, 2000-05 Minister of Women's Affairs and
Child Welfare,2005-08 Minister of Information and
Broadcasting, 2008-12 Minister of Environment and
Tourism and Secretary General of SWAPO since 1996.


2012- Natlia Pedro da Costa Umbelina Neto, So
Tom e Prncipe
Natlia Umbelina is also Minister of Cooperation and
Communities andwas previously secretary of the Regional
Government of the Island of Prncipe for Social Affairs


2013- Hanna Tetteh, Ghana
MP 2000-08 and from 2012, Spokesperson of the
Government Transition team in 2009 and Minister of
Trade and Industry 2009-13.(b. 1967-).


2013- Mireya Agero de Corrales, Honduras
Vice-Minister of Foreign Affaris 2010-13.


2013- Eda Rivas Franchini, Peru
Vice-Minister 2011-12 and Minister 2012-13 of Justice and
Human Rights.


2013- Amina Mohamed, Kenya
Ambassador to United Nations in Geneva 2000-06,
Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Justice, National
Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs 2008-11, Deputy
Executive Director of the United Nations Environment
Programme 2011-13.


2013- Natalia Gherman, Moldova
Also Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration a
portfolio she held as Vice-Minister 2009-13, Ambassador to
Austria, OSCE and other International Organisations in
Vienna (2002-06), to Sweden, Norway and Finland 2006-
09. She is daughter of former President Mircea Snegur


2013- Julie Bishop, Australia
Minister for Ageing 2003-06. Minister for
Education, Science and Training, and Minister assisting the
Prime Minister for Womens Issues2006-07, Deputy Leader
of the Liberal Party from 2007 and Deputy Leader of the
Opposition 2007-13. Lives with Peter Nattrass, former
Mayor of Brisbane. (b. 1956-).


2013- (Acting) Viola Onwuliri, Nigeria
As First Minister of State for Foreign Affairs since 2011, she
was apppointed Acting Minister after the former minister
was removed from office. Professor and Deputy
Gubernational Candidate in the Imo State (b. 1957-)


2013- Dunya Maumoon, Maldive Islands
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs 2007-08 and Minister of
State for Foreign Affairs 2011-13. She is daughter of
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who was president 1978-2008
and appointed by her uncle, Abdulla Yameen


2014- Federica Mogherini, Italy
MP for PD (b. 1973-)


2014- Arisoa Lala Razafitrimo, Madagascar
Also known as Harisola Razafiltrimo she is former advisor of the President
of the African Union and Director of Foreign Affairs 2013-14.

Last update 24.04.14
FEMALE MINISTERS
OF INTERIOR, HOME AFFAIRS,
SECURITY, CIVIL DEFENCE AND POLICE
See Ministers of Defence in Female Defence Ministers


1950-53 Minister of Justice and Police Helga
Pedersen, Denmark
Personal Secretary of the Minister of Justice 1940-46, City
Court Judge in Copenhagen 1947-50 and 1953-56, MF for
The Rightwing Liberals 1953-64, Judge in the Court of
Appeals (stre Landsret) 1956-64, High Court Judge 1964-
71 and Judge at the Court for Human Rights of The Council
of Europe, 1972-80 (). 1968 she turned down the offer of
post of Foreign Minister. Inger Helga was unmarried, and
lived (1911-1980)


1959-60 Minister of Interior Qian Ying, China
1951-54 Vice-Chairperson of the Peoples Control Committee of the
Government Administrative Committee, 1954-59 Minister of Peoples
Supervision. She lived (1903-73)


1963-64 Minister of Home Affairs Janet Jagan,
Guyana
1950-70 Secretary General, 1970-84 International
Secretary and 1984-90 Executive Secretary of PPP, 1953
Deputy President of the National Assembly, 1954
imprisoned by the British authorities for her activities for
independence, 1957-61 Minister of Labour, Health and
Housing 1973-97 Editor-in-Chief of The Mirror, 1993
Ambassador-at-Large and Acting Permanent
Representative of the United Nations (October-December).
She is the widow of Dr. Cheddi Bharat Jagan, Chief Minister
1953-55 and 1957-61, President 1961-64 and 1991-97().
1996-97 Leader of the Opposition, 1997 Prime Minister and
Minister of Mines, 1997-99 President. In July 1999 she
suffered a mild hart attack and chose to resign from her
post 3 years ahead of time, endorsing her successor the 35
years old Bharrat Jagdeo, Minister of Finance 1994-99.
Janet Rosenberg was born in Chicago. (b. 1920-)


1965-70 Minister of Justice and Police Elisabeth
Schweigaard Selmer, Norway
Conservative Member of the City Council of Oslo 1951-55,
Judge in the High Court 1971-90. She lived (1923-2009)


1966-70 Minister of Home Affairs Mable Moir James,
Dominica
MP for Labour Party of Phylis Shand Alfrey. At some point
she acted as acted as Chief Minister. (b. 1917-)


1973-75 and 1978-79 Minister of Justice and Police
Nathalie Lind, Denmark
MF for the Rightwing Liberals 1964-66 and 1968-
81, Minister of Social Affairs 1968-71 and 1973-75 also
Minister of Cultural Affairs, Vice-Chairperson of the
Folketing (Diet) 1973 and 1975-78, Deputy President of
Nordic Council 1975-78 and 1978, Vice-Chairperson of the
Parliamentary Group of her party 1977-78. She lived (1918-
99)


1973-79 Minister of Justice and Police Inger Louise
Valle, Norway
1971-72 Minister of Family and Consumers' Affairs, 1979-
81 Minister of Municipal Affairs and Labour, Labour MP
1977-83 and lived (1921-2006).


1976-78 Secretary of Interior Clara Boscagli, San
Marino
1974-76 Minister of State of Public Works, 1976-78 also
Minister of State of Justice, Secretary General of Partito
Democratico Cristiano and Secretary of Finance and
Budget 1986-90.She lived (1930-90)


1980-84 Minister of Home Affairs Kebatshabile L. Disele,
Botswana
1951-54 Vice-Chairperson of the Peoples Control Committee of the
Government Administrative Committee, 1954-59 Minister of Peoples
Supervision. She lived (1903-73)


1981-85 Minister of Justice and Police Mona Scobie
Rkke, Norway
Governor of Vestfold Fylke since 1989. (b. 1940-)


1982-86 Minister of Interior Britta Caroc Schall
Holberg, Denmark
As Minister of Interior she was also in Charge of Civil
Defence and of Health, 1986-87 Minister of Agriculture. (b.
1941-)


1984-86 Minister of the Interior Kaisa Raatikainen,
Finland
Former Social Democrat MP, she lived (1928-2008).


1985-86 Minister of Justice and Police Wenche Frogn
Sellg, Norway
1981-83 Minister of Environmental Protection, 1989-90
Minister of Social Affairs, Deputy Leader of Hyre 1988-90.
(b. 1937-).


1986-90 Minister of Home Affairs Rita Sinon, Seychelles
Former secretary of the governing SPUP-party.


1986-89 Minister of Justice and Police Helen
Bsterud, Norway
1980-81 State Secretary of Social Affairs, Since 1993
Director General of the Directorate for Civil Defence and
Emergency Planning. (b. 1940-)


1987-90 Minister of the Interior, District Administration and
People's Moblisation Evelyn M.B. Alexander-Vandenburg,
Suriname



1988-92 Minister of Home Affairs Stella Odie-Alli, Guyana
1986-88 Minister of State of Home Affairs


1989-94 () Minister of the Interior Ien Dales, The
Netherlands
State Secretary of Social Affairs And Health 1981-82, MP.
for P.v.d.A 1982-87, Party Vice-Chairperson 1983-86,
government appointed Mayor of Nijmegen 1987-89. She
lived together with State Secretary of Justice, Elisabeth
Schmitz (See below). Ien Dales lived (1931-94).


1989-90 Minister of Interior and Civil Defence
Margaret Austin, New Zealand
Also Minister of Arts, Culture and Science.


1989-90 Minister of Justice and Police Else Bugge
Fougner, Norway
Conservative. (b. 1944-)


1990-92 Minister of Justice and Police Education Kari
Gjesteby, Norway
1976-78 State Secretary of Church Affairs and Education,
1979-81 State Secretary of Finance, 1981 Minister of Trade
and Shipping in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1986-88
State Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Director in Norges Bank,
the Central Bank 1989-90 and since 1993. (b. 1947-).


1992-93 Minister of Interior Lagle Parek, Estonia
The former dissident and political prisoner was Leader of
the National Independence Party 1988-93 and Presidential
Candidate in 1992.


1992-96 Minister of Justice and Police Grete Faremo,
Norway
1990-92 Minister of Development Aid, 1996 Minister of
Petroleum and Energy and Minister of Defence from 2009.
(b. 1959- )


1993-97 Minister of the Interior Birte Weiss,
Denmark
As Minister of Interior she was also in charge of Civil
Defence. 1981-86 Deputy Chairperson of the Social
Democrats, 1994-96 Minister of Church Affairs
1996-98 Minister of Health, 1998-99 Vice-Chairperson of
the Folketing, 1999-2001 Minister of Research and
Information Technology 1998-99 (b. 1941-)


1993 Minister of Justice and Police Pia Gjellerup,
Denmark
1987-2007 MF, 1990-93 Chairperson of the Taxation
Committee, 1991-93 and from 2001 Secretary, 1994-98
and 2002-05 Chairperson of the Parliamentary Group of
the Social Democrats, 1991-93 and 2001-02 Secretary of
The Folketing, 1993-98 Deputy Chairperson of the Finance
Committee, 1998-2000 Minister of Business and Industry
and 2000-01 Minister of Finance. (b. 1960-)


1996-98 Minister of Public Security, Interior and
Police Laura Chinchilla Miranda, Costa Rica
2008 Acting Minister of Security
Vice-Minister of Security 1994-96. First Vice-President and
Minister of Justice 2006-08. Resigned from government to
run in the Liberal Party Presidential Primaries and President
from 2010. (b. 1959-).


1996-97 Minister of Interior Meral Akener, Turkey
A leading member of the Motherland Party, ANAP and Vice-
President of the Grand National Assembly from 2007.


1996-97 Minister of Justice and Police cand.jur. Anne
Holt, Norway
Lawyer and an popular Author of Criminal Novels, after two
months as minister she had to resign because of an serious
anemia-illness. In 2000 she married another woman. (b.
1959-)


1997-98 Minister of the Interior Yeh Chin-feng,
Taiwan
Judge in the Taichung District Court 1969-1980 and
Presiding Judge, Yunlin District Court, 1981-1985,1981-
1992 Chairperson of he Presidium of the National
Assembly, Judge of the Taichung Branch of Taiwan High
Court, University Lecturer 1981-85, Judge in the Supreme
Court 1981-1986, 1987-1988, Senior Specialist of the
Judicial Yuan 1987, Commissioner of the Examination Yu
1987 and 1988, 1988-1992 Deputy Director-General,
Department of Women's Affairs, Central Committee,
Kuomintang and since 1988 Member of the Central
Committee, Kuomintang, 1992-96 Vice-Chairperson of the
Mainland Affairs Committee of the Executive Yuan, 1996-
2000 Minister of State, 1996-97 Minister without Portfolio,
1998-99 Chairperson of the Mainland Affairs Committee,
1999-2000 Minister of Justice (b. 1943-)


1997-99 Minister of the Interior Francisca Lucas Pereira Gomes,
Guinea Bissau
Francisca Pereira (or possibly Peirreira) was the first female President of a
Region before her appointment to the cabine, 1990-94 Minister of
Women's Affairs, 1990-94 Member of the Council of State, 1993-94
Minister of Social Affairs, 1994-97 1. Vice-President of Assemblias
Nacional , 2003 Minister of State and Councillor charged with Political
Affairs and Diplomacy


1997 Minister of Justice and Police Gerd-Liv Valla,
Norway
Advisor of the Premier Minister 1990-92, State Secretary
by the Premier Minister 1992-94, Vice-Chairperson of the
Association of Civil Servants 1994-97 and Vice-Chairperson
of the Central Labour Association 1997-2001 and it's
chairperson until 2007 when she was forced to resign when
it was revealed that she had harrassed employees. (b.
1960- )


1997-99 Minister of Justice and Police Aud Inger
Aure, Norway
Mayor of Kristiansand 1993-97. She had to resign after a
hart attack and was succeeded by the first man on the post
since 1981 and 11 successive women. (b. 1943-)


1998-2000 Minister of Security and Police Elizabeth Chuiz Sierra,
Honduras
The first minister in the portfolio


1998-98 Minister of Interior, Police and Municipality
Affairs Ana Luisa Armjios, Ecuador
1991-93 President of Banco Central del Ecuador, 1994-96
President of the National Monetary Board and Cabinet
Member, 1995-96 Minister of Economy and 1999 Minister
of Finance. (b. 1949-).


1998-99 Minister of the Interior and Minister in
Charge of Co-ordination of the Civil Defence Rosa
Russo Jervelino, Italy
1987-89 Minister for without Portfolio for Special
Affairs, 1989-92 for Social Affairs, 1992-94 of Education
and . She was Secretary of the Partito della Democrazia
Cristiana 1992-94 and 1994-ca. 96 President of the
Partito Populare Italiana afterwards vice-President. In
1999 her party nominated her as candidate for the post
of President. (b. 1936-)


1998-2003 Secretary of Security Regina Ip, Hong
Kong
1997-98 Director of Immigration and from 1998 Secretary
of Security in charge of Hong Kong's Defence force.


1998-2002 Minister of Home Affairs and Public
Security
Paula A. Cox
Concurrently minister of Labour and from 2002 Minister of
Education and Development. (b. 1969-).


1999-2001 Minister of Interior Dosta Dimovska,
Macedonia
Vice-President of the Government 1998-2000 and 2001-02.
Also Vice-President of VMRO-DPMNE. (b. 1954-).


1999-2001 1999-2001 Minister of Interior, Public
Administration and Decentralization Vasso
Papandreau, Greece
1985 Deputy Minister of Energy and Industry, 1986-88
Alternate Minister of Industry, 988-89 Minister of External
Trade, 1989-92 EEC-Commissioner for Labour, Social Affairs
and Industry, 1994-96 Vice-President of the Council of
Europe, 1996-99 Minister of Development andfrom 2001
Minister of Environment, Physical Planning and Public
Works.She is among the Leaders of the Socialists,
PASOK. (b. 1956-).


1999-2000 Minister of Justice and Police Yvonne
Reine Antoniette Raveles-Resida, Suriname
Wonny Rawales was Under-Minister of Culture
1980, Minister of Regional Development 1996-
2000, Parliamentary Leader of Nationaal Democratisch
Partij/2000 Faction 2000-05 and Candidate for the post of
Vice-Chairperson of the Nationale Assemblee in 2005. (b.
1941-)


2000-05 Minister of the Interior Urmila Joella-
Sewnundun, Suriname
2000-01 Minister of Trade and Industry. In consideration
for the post of Minister of Justice and Police in 2005 but
withdrew in the last moment for personal reasons.
Ambassador to the Netherlands from 2006. (b. 1968-).


2000-02 Secretary of State of Internal Affairs, Civil
Defence and Justice Francesca Michelotti, San Marino
Member of the Council of the San Marino City from 1980,
Member of the Consiglio Grande e Generale fra 1993,
Member of the Council of the 12 and other Commissions
and Secretary of State of Education, Cultural Institutions,
Universities and Social Affairs from 2006. (b. 1952-).


2000-01 Minister of Justice Hanne Harlem, Norway
Councillor of Children and Education of Oslo 1992-93,
Assistant Judge and a number of managerial positions from
2001. Sister of former Premier Minister Gro Harlem
Brundtland (b.1964-)



2000-01 Minister of the Interior and Refugees Karen
Jespersen, Denmark
1993-94, 1994-2000 and from 2007 Minister of Social
Affairs. A former leading member of the Leftwing Socialists
before she became MF for the Social Democrats 1993-2005
until she resigned and joined the rightwing Liberals in 2007.
(b. 1947-)


2001-05 Cabinet Member and National Security
Advisor
Dr. Condoleezza Rice, United States of America
Director of Soviet and East European Affairs in the National
Security Council 1989-93. Professor of International Affairs
of Stanford University. From 2003 also
Director of the Iraq Stabilization Group at the White House
and as such she coordinates and oversees the stateside
element of the rebuilding projects while the direction of
U.S. efforts on the ground in Iraqremained under the
authority of Paul Bremer as the head of the Coalition
Provisional Authority. Secretary of State from 2005. (b.
1954-)


2001-02 Minister of Interior and Justice Vera Sofia Rubi,
Honduras
She was candidate in the internal primaries in the Liberal Party for the
position of Presidential Candidate in 1997, 2001 and 2005.


2001-06 Attorney General and Minister of Home
Affairs Mia Mottley, Barbados
1994-2001 Minister of Education, Culture and Youth and ,
since 2001Leader of the House, from 2003 Deputy Premier
and from 2006 Minister of Economic Affairs and
Development. (b. 1965-).


2001-04 Minister of Home Affairs Sarah Flood-
Beaubrun, St. Lucia
1997-2001 Minister of Health, Human Service and Family
Affairs, 1997-2004 Minister of Gender Relations, and in 2001
she gave birth to her first child. In January 2004 she was
dismissed from the government because she protested
against a decision to allow abortion under certain
circumstances, she founded the party the Organization for
National Empowerment. Resigned from parliament in 2006
and lot the subsequent by-election and then joined the
opposition United Workers Party. Appointed Speaker of the
House of Assembly in 2007. (b. 1969-)


2001-08 Minister of Justice and Police Lene Espersen,
Denmark
MF since 1994, Political Spokesperson of The Conservative
People's 1999-2001, Political Leader from 2008 and Deputy
Prime Minister, Minister of Economic and Business Affairs
2008-10 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2010. (b.
1965-)


2002-04 Minister of Interior Dr. Lamperth Mnika,
Hungary
Former chairperson of the Association of Hungarian
Social Democratic Local Polititians and Vice-President of
the European Association of Social Democratic Local
Polititians. Socialist MP. (b. 1957-).


2002-07 Minister of Security Cynthia "Mother"
Pratt, Bahamas
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Security (In charge
of the Defence Force and Police). She was Opposition
Whip Ca. 1992-2000 and from ca. 2000 Deputy Leader of
the Opposition and Deputy Leader of the Progressive
Liberal Democratic Part. Acting Prime Minister in May-June
during ilness of the Premier. She is aformer nurse, she is
mother of 6 children (b. 1947-)


2002-04 Minister of Interior Cristina Fontes Lima,
Cape Vede
Maria Cristina Lopes Almeida Fontes Lima was Minister of
Justice 2001-06,Minister of Local Administration 2001-
02, Minister Adjunct to the Prime Minister and Government
Spokesperson 2004-06, Minister of Defence and of the
Presidency of the Council of Ministers and Minister of State
Reform 2006-2011. (b. 1958-).


2002 Secretary of State of Internal Affairs, Post and
Telecommunication and Civil Defence Emma Rossi,
San Marino
1983-86 Minister of State of Health and Social Affairs, 1990-
94 and 1997-2000 Political Coordinator of Partito Social
Reformanista in the Consiglio Grande e Generale, 1992-94
Minister of State of Justice, Culture and Education, 1994-97
Minister of State of Territory, Environment and Agriculture,
2000-02 Secretary of State of Public Instruction,
Universities, Social Affairs, Culture and Information and from
2000 Party President. (b. 1952-).


2003-06 Minister of Public Safety and Emergency
Preparedness Anne McLellan, Canada
Liberal MP 2003-06 and 1993-95 Minister of Energy, Mines,
Forestry,1994-97 Federal Interlocutor for Mtis and Non-
Status Indians, 1995-97 Minister of National
Resources, 1997-2002 Minister of Justice and Attorney
General, 2002-03 Minister of Health,
From 2003 also Deputy Prime Minister. (b. 1950-).


2003-06 Minister for Policing, Security and
Community Safety Hazel Blaers, United Kingdom of
Great Britain
Had overall responsibility for reducing crime and the fear of
crime, police policy and police reform, community safety
and anti-social behaviour, Crime and Disorder Reduction
Partnerships and the Street Crime Initiative. She provided
support to the Home Secretary on counter-terrorism and
resilience. She was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State
of Health 2001-03. Labour Chair 2006-07 and Secretary of
Communities and Local Government 2007-09. (b. 1956-)


2004-05 Minister in charge of Internal Security and
Local Liberties Marie-Jos Roig, France
Minister-Delegate in the Ministry of Interior. Previously
Deputy Mayor 1983-89 and Mayor of Avignon since 2001,
Minister of Family and Children in 2004. (b. 1938-).


2004-09 Minister of Home Affairs Nosiviwe Mapisa-
Nqakula, South Africa
Deputy Minister of Home Affairs 2002-04, Minister of
Correctional Services 2009-12 and of Defence and Veteran
Affairs from 2012.


2004-06 Federal Minister of Interior Liese Prokop,
Austria
Government Councillor from 1981 and Vice Minister President
1992-2004 of Niedersterreich. Also vice-President of The VP
(Conservatives) of the state, and first Vice-President of the
Assembly of Regions which is part of the European Union setup
1999-2000.President of the Assembly of European Regions.
Died of a hard attack on new years eve. She lived (1941-2006).


2004-05, 2005 Acting Minister and 2005-06 Minister
of Home AffairsGail Teixera, Guyana
1992-98 Senior Minister of Health, 1998-2006 Minister of
Culture, Youth and Sports. She was Acting Foreign Minister
in 1998, 2002 and 2003. Appointed Chairperson of the
Committee on Governance in the Office of the President in
2006.


2005-06 Minister of Security Betty Akech, Uganda
1999-2002 State Minister of Local Government, 2002-03
State Minister for Higher Education and 2003-05 State
Minister for Security. Ambassador to Sudan from 2009.


2005-06 Minister of Home Affairs and Internal
Security Anna Kachikho, Malawi
2005 Deputy Minister of Education and Human Resources,
2006-07 Minister of Education, 2007-08 Minister of Labour
2008-09 Minister of Women and Child Development and
Minister of Tourism, Wildlife and Culture from 2009. (b.
1955-).


2005 Minister of Interior Affairs Adriana del Piano
Puelma, Chile
Minister of Natural Assets 1994-99, Deputy Leader of the
Election Campaign of President Lagos in 1999, Minister
Womens Affairs 2000-03, Subsecretary of Regional
Development, 2003-2005, Intendent of the Regin
Metropolitana de Santiago 2007-08. (b. 1947-)


2005-12 Minister of Home Affairs and
Immigration Rosalia Nghidinwa, Namibia
2000-05 Deputy Minister of Labour. (b. 1952-)


2005-08 Minister of Police Annette King, New
Zealand
1987-90 Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Employment,
Youth Affairs, Tourism and Social Welfare, 1989-90
Minister of Employment, Immigration and Minister of
Youth Affairsand Minister Assisting the Prime Minister to
liaise between the Cabinet and Caucus, 1999-2005
Minister of Health, 1999-2002 Minister of Racing, 2002-06
Minister for Food Safety, 2005-07 Minister of State
Services, including the co-ordinating responsibility for
Race Relations and Associate Minister of Trade and
Defence, 2005-06 Associate Minister of Trade, Minister of
Police from 2005, Minister of Trade and Minister of Justice
and the Law Commission 2007-08, Deputy Leader of
Labour from 2008 (b. 1947-).


2006-12 Secretary of State of Internal Affairs and
Civil Protection and Accomplishment of the
Programme Valeria Ciavatta, San Marino
2003-04 Capitano Reggente and President of Alleanza
Popolare in 2005. (b. 1959-).


2006-07 Minister of Interior Alicia Muoz Al, Bolivia
Elected Communist Senator in 2005. (b. 1951-)


2006-09 Minister of Interior and Justice Olga
Glcher, Panama
Deputy Mayor of the City of Panam 1987-89 and later
Vice-President and President of the Association of
Lawyers, 2004-06 Vice-Minister of Interior and Justice


2006- Minister of Interior Gordana Jankulovska,
Macedonia
MP for VMRO-DPMNE. There were speculations that her
party would nominate her for the post of Parliamentary
Speaker. (b. 1975-).


2006-07 Minister of Interior Pilar Mazzetti Soler,
Peru
2004 Vice-Minister of Health and 2004-06 Minister of
Health


2007-09 Minister of Interior Michle Alliot-Marie,
France
1986-88 Secretary of State for Education, 1993-95 Minister
of Youth and Sports. From 1994 1. Vice-President of the
General Council of the Department of Pyrnes-
Atlantique, 1999-2002 President of RPR, Rally for the
Republic. Minister of Defence 2002-07 and Minister of State
and Minister of Justice 2009-11 and Minister of Foreign
Affairs and European Affairs 2010-11. (b. 1946-)


2007-09 Secretary of State of the Home Office Jacqui
Smith, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
1999-2001 Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for
Education and Employment for Lifelong Learning, 2001-03
Minister of State of Health, 2003-05 Minister of state for
Trade and Industry and Deputy Minister for Women, Privy
Councillor, 2005-06 Minister of State of Education and
Skills (Schools) (Deputy to the Secretary of State) and
2006-07 Chief Whip and Parliamentary Secretary to the
Treasury. (b. 1962-).


2007-10 Minister of Interior and Kingdom Relations
Guusje ter Horst, The Netherlands
Municipal Councillor for PvdA before she was government
appointed Mayor of Nijmegen 2001-07. (b. 1952-).


2007- Minister of Interior Ana Isabel Morales Mazn,
Nicaragua
Former Sandinist guerrilla leader, she worked for a number
of years in the Ministry and as a lawyer


2007-08 Minister of Interior Adela Camacho de
Torrebiarte, Guatemala
Civil servant, President of the National Football Association
amd FIA Delegate 2001-03. Presidential Candidate in
2012.


2007-09 Minister of Interior Daisy Tourn, Uruguay
Socialist MP since 1995 and member of the leftwing
alliance, in 2005 she was designated as the future
President of the Chamber of Representatives for the
legislative year of 2008-09, but instead she joined the
government. (b. 1951-).


2007- Minister of the Interior Anne Holmlund,
Finland
Conservative (Kokoomuksen, Samlingspartiet) MP from
2002, Deputy Parliamentary Leader in 2007 and member
of the Speaker's Conference in the Parliament in 2007.
(b. 1964-).


2008-12 Deputy Prime Minister in charge of Interior
Policy ura Adlei, Croatia
Djurda Adelesic is former Mayor of Bjelovar, Vice-President
of the Social Liberal Party, HSLS 2000-06 and then Leader
of a new party formed as a merger between the Croatian
Social-Liberal Party and Liberal Party - also named HSLS.
Around 2000 and 2001-08 President of the Parliamentary
Committee on National Security. 2001 Deputy Foreign
Minister, 2004-08 Vice-President of the Sabor and 2005
Presidential Candidate. (b. 1960-).


2008-10 Minister of Interior, Police and Public
Security Janina del Vecchio Ugalde, Costa Rica
Former Chief of Cabinet for President, Ambassador to
Spain, Rome, Italy, the Vatican, and Switzerland and MP
until 2008. (b. 1946-).


2008-11 Federal Minister of Interior Maria Fekter,
Austria
1990-95 Secretary of State of Economy for Construction
and Tourism, Chairperson of the Parliamentary Klub of VP
1995-99, Secretary of the Nationalrat from 2004-07, she
was narrowly defeated by a man within the VP Klub for
the post of 2. President of the Nationalrat (1. Vice-
President) in 2006, one of the three Ombudsmen 2007-08
and Minister of Finance from 2011. (b. 1956-)


2008-11 Minister of Interior Katarina Kresal,
Slovenia
President of the Liberal Democrats (LDS) from 2007 and
MP from 2008. (b. 1973-).


2008-11 Minister of Police Judith Collins, New
Zealand
Also Mininster of Corrections and Veterans' Affairs.
National MP from 2002. Minister of Minister of Justice, the
Accident Compensation Act (ACC) and Ethnic Affairs from
2011.


2009-12 Minister of Home Affairs Sahara Khatun,
Bangladesh
Former Secretary for Law Affairs of the Awami League and
Minister of Post and Telecommunication 2012-13.


2009-13 Secretary of Homeland
Security Janet Napolitano, United States of America
State Attorney-General 1998-2002 and Governor of
Arizona 2003-09. (b. 1957-).


2009-10 Minister in charge of Domestic
Affairs Sandra Sumang Pierantozzi, Palau (Balau)
1989-96 Minister of Administration and Budget as her
country's first female minister, 1992 she was candidate for
Vice-President and from 1996 senator and Floor Leader. In
2001 she again became Minister of Administration and
Budget again, and was later appointed Minister of
Health. In 2000 opponent as Vice-Presidential candidate
was her nephew, Senator Alan Seid. In 2004 she failed to
be re-elected for second term. Minister of State from 2009
and thereby in charge of Foreign and Domestic Affairs,
International Trade and the Office of the Public Defender


2009-11 Minister of Interior Linda Mrniece, Latvia
Linda Murniece was also Second in the Cabinet. She
wasPaliamentary Secretary of the Ministry of the Interior
2002-04, Deputy Chairperson of the New Era Party in 2004
and Parliamentary Secretary of Defence 2005-06 and
Minister of Defence in 2006. (b. 1970-)


2009 Minister of Home Affairs and Public
Security Lillian Boyce, Turk and Caicos Islands
(British External Territory)
Known as Lillian Robinson-Been until 2006, she
was Deputy Leader of the Opposition and Deputy Leader
of Progressive National Party in 2003, Minister for
Education, Youth, Sports and Culture 2003-07 and
Minister of Health and Human Services , 2007-09 until
she was fired from the cabinet in February for critizising
the Premier, who then named her Deputy Premier in
February when he announced his resignation effictive by
the end of March. (b. 1963-).


2009-12 Minister of Home Affairs Karen Delancy,
Turk and Caicos Islands (British External Territory)
Minister for Health, Social Services and Gender Affairs
2003-05, Deputy Speaker of the House of Parliament
2007-09. AlsoMinister of Home Affairs and Human
Services in 2009.


2009-10 Minister of Interior Karen Ellemann,
Denmark
Liberal MP from 2007. Teacher. Also Minister of Social
Affairs and from 2010 Minister of Environment and
Nordic Cooperation. Daughter of Former Foreign
Minister Uffe Ellemann-Jensen, divorced mother of 2
children. (b. 1969-).


2009-12 Minister of Home Affairs Dr. Nkosazana C.
Dlamini-Zuma, South Africa
1994-99 Minister of Health and Foreign Affairs 1999-2009.
(b. 1949-).


2009 Minister of Interior Mercedes Cabanillas
Bustamente de Llanos de la Mata, Peru
1987-89 and 1989-90 Minister of Education, Candidate
for the Mayorship of Lima in 1989, from 1992 Deputy
Secretary and from 2000 Parliamentay Co-spokesperson
of the Socialist Party. Ca. 1990-99 Senator and from
2000 member of the Congreso where she vas 2. Vice-
President 2002-03 and President 2006-07. Also
Presidential Candidate in 1995. (b. 1947-)


2009-11 Minister of Interior Annemie Turtelboom,
Belgium
Liberal MP from 2003 and Minister of Refugees and
Migration2008-09. (b. 1967-).


2009-11 Minister of Interior Ccile Manorohanta,
Madagascar
Ccile Marie Ange Dominique Manorohanta was Vice-
Minister of Education and Scientific Research 2007 and
Minister of Defence 2007-09. Also Vice-Premier 2009-11
and Acting Premier in 2009 and later Premier.


2009-12 Minister of Interior Adja Sat Camar
Pinto, Guinea Bissau
2. Vice-President of the African Party for Guinea-Bissau
and Cape Verde Independence (PAIGC), President of the
Region of Cacheu 1990-97 Governor of the Region of
Gab 1997-99 and 1. Vice-President of the People's
National Assembly 2004-09. (b. 1948-).


2010-11 Coordinating Minister of Police Doris Sols,
Ecuador
2003 Minister of Tourism, 2008-09 Coordinating Minister
of the National and Cultural Heritage and 2009-10
Minister-Head the Secretariat of Peoples, Social
Movements and Citizen Participation,2011-12 Coordinating
Minister of Social Development and from 2012 Minister of
Economic and Social Integration


2010- Minister of Interior Roxana Mendz, Panama
Until her appointment she was Vice-Mayor and former
Acting Mayor of Panama City.


2010- Secretary of State for the Home Department
Theresa May, United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
Also Minister for Women and Equality. Conservative MP
from 1997 and Chairperson of the Conservative Party
2002-03 and held a number of other Shadow Cabinet
posts since 1999. (b. 1956-).


2010-13 Co-Minister of Home Affairs Theresa
Makone, Zimbabwe
In the power-sharing government each party had a
representative in the key ministries - co-ministers. She was
Minister of Public Works 2009-10.


2010-11 Chairperson of the National Commission
on Public Safety Tomiko Okazaki, Japan
Also Minister of State for Consumer Affairs and Food
Safety and Minister of State for Social Affairs, and
Gender Equality, Social Democratic MP 1990-96 and
Member of the House of Councillors since 1997. (b.
1944-).


2010- Federal Councillor of Police Simonetta
Sommaruga, Switzerland
Also Federal Councillor of Justice and Substitute
Councillor of Interior. Vice-President in 2014.


2010-13 Minister of Security Nilda Garr, Argentina
MP for the Frente Justicialista de Liberacin 1973-76 and
afterwards active in the fight against the dictatorship, MP
again 1995-99, 2000 and 2001-05, Secretary of Political
Affairs in the Ministry of Interior 2000-01, Ambassador to
Venezuela in 2005, Minister of Defence 2005-10 and
appointed Ambassador to OAS in 2013. (b. 1945-).


2011- Minister of Internal Administration Marisa
Morais, Cape Verde
Minister of Justice 2009-11


2011- Federal Minister of Interior Johanna Mikl-
Leitner, Austria
MP for VP 1999-2003, and Councillor of Social Affairs,
Labour and Family 2003-2011, Vice-Chairperson of VP
2008 and Vice-President of the Assembly of European
Regions 2008-11. (b. 1964-)


2011- Minister of Interior Margrethe Vestager,
Denmark
Also Vice-Premier and Minister of Economic Affairs from
2011. 1993-97 Party Chairperson, Deputy Group
Chairperson 2001-07 and Group Chairperson and Party
Leader of the Social Liberals from 2007. Minister of
Education 1998-2001 and Minister of Church Affairs 1998-
2000. (b. 1968-)


2011-13 Minister of Justice and Emergency
Preparedness Grete Faremo, Norway
1990-92 Minister of Development Aid, 1992-96 Minister of
Justice and Police and 1996 Minister of Petroleum and
Energy and since 2009-11 Minister of Defence. (b. 1959- )


2011-13 Minister of Interior Anna Maria Cancellieri,
Italy
Since 1994 held office as Prefect of Vicenza, Bergamo, Brescia, Catania
and Genova, and appointed Commissioner of Bologna 2010-11 and
Commissioner of Parma in 2011 after both mayors resigned after
charges of corruption. Presidential Candidate in 2013 and Minister of
Justice 2013-14. (b. 1944-)


2011- Minister of Interior Jolle Milquet, Belgium
National President of the Centre
Dmocrate Humaniste, CHP 1999-2011, Vice-Premier
since 2008 and Minister of Labour and Equal
Opportunities 2008-11. (b. 1961-).


2011- Minister of Police and Corrections Anne
Tolley, New Zealand
National MP 1999-2002 and from 2005, and Party Whip
2006-08, Minister of Education, Tertiary Education and
Minister Responsible for the Education Review Office
2008-11 and also Deputy Leader of the House from
2011
(b. 1953-).


2011-12 Minister of Internal Affairs Amy Adams,
New Zealand
Also Minister of Communications and Information
Technology and Associate Minister for Canterbury
Earthquake Recovery from 2011, and Minister of
Environment from 2012.


2011-12 Minister of Interior Leisbeth Spies, The
Netherlands
Also Minister of Kingdom Relations. MP 2002-10, Vice-
Chairperson of the CDA Faction in the Twede
Kamer 2007-10, Acting Chairperson of CDA 2010-11 and
Councillor of Economy and Physical Planning in the
Province of Zuid-Holland in 2011. (b. 1966-)


2011-13 Minister for Home Affairs Pelenike Tekinene
Isaia, Tuvalu
Also Mininster of Rural Development. She was elected MP
in 2011 as the second female parliamentarian in the
country's history in the seat held by her husband until his
death.


2012-13 Minister of Interior Eleni Mavrou, Cyprus
Councillor on the Nicosia Municipal Council 1986-1996, MP
2001-06, MEP 2006, Mayor of Nicosia 2007-11.


2012 Acting Minister of Interior Eka Zguladze,
Georgia
Deputy Minister of Interior 2006-12. (b. 1970-)


2012-14 Minister of Home Affairs Naledi Pandor,
South Africa
ANC Deputy Chief whip of the National Assembly From
1994-98,Permanent Deputy Chairperson of the National
Council of Provinces 1998-99 and 1999-2004 it's
Chairperson, Minister of Education 2004-09 and Minister of
Science and Technology 2009-12 and from 2014. (b. 1954-
)


2012- Minister of Home Affairs Porsha Stubbs-Smith,
Turks and Caicos Islands (British External Territory)
Also Minister of Environment


2012- Minister of Home Affairs Pendukeni Iivula-
Ithana, Namibia
1989-96 Minister of Youth and Sport, 1996-2000 Minister
of Land, Resettelments and Rehabilitation, 2000-10
Attorney General og 2005-12 Minister of Justice. (b. 1952-
).


2013 Minister of Interior Petya Parpanova, Bulgaria
A police general and former high ranking civil servant in
the ministry


2013- Secretary of Interior Sally Jewell, USA
A buisiness executive until her appointment.


2013- Minister of Interior Hanna Birna
Kristjnsdttir, Iceland
Mayor of Reykjavk 2008-10 and Vice-Chairperson of Sjlfstisflokksins
from 2010. (b. 1966-)


2013- Minister for Home Affairs Charmaine
Eraidinomo Scotty, Nauru
Charmaine Scotty is also Minister for Education, Youth, and
Land Management. She is a former Permanent Secretary
successively in the ministries of Health, Home Affairs and
Justice and independent MP as the country's second female
parliamentarian from 2013.


2013 Minister of Interior Glsn Ycel, the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus
Also Minister of Local Administration


2013- Minister of Home Affairs Princess Tsandzile of
Swaziland, Swaziland
Appointed MP by her brother King Mswati III in 2003 and
Senator from 2008 and Minister of Natural Resources and
Energy 2008-13.


2013- Minister of Home Affairs Sheikh Hasina Wajed,
Bangladesh
Prime Minister and Minister of Defence 1996-2001 and
again from 2009. Held a number of other portfolios as well.


2013- Minister of Justice and Police Karen Hkkerup
Social Democrat Member of the City Council of Copenhagen
1998-2005, from 2005, Minister of Social Affairs and
Integration 20111-13 and Minister of Food, Agriculture and
Fisheries. Married to MP Ole Hkkerup and mother of 3
children. Her brother-in-law Nick Hkkerup is Minister of
Defence in the government. (b. 1974-)


Last update 26.05.14
12 Women CEOs 12 Different Leadership Styles
Posted on February 8, 2011 by Marion

The idea of making a series on 12 Women Leaders came from my experience
of coaching hundreds of executive women and men, providing in depth constructive
and personalfeedback with a model called the SPM.
The corporate world would be such a better place if more leaders were to invent a new
kind of leadership, an innovative leadership, an open leadership, opening new possi-
bilities, solutions and collaborations.
We need more role models, especially for girls and women, to show us the
way and inspire us to action.
Thats the reason why Im writing this series, and collecting stories of remarquable
women leaders, from different cultures, with different personal styles and values. We
cant identify anymore with the stereotyped representation of the LEADER (
a WASP Superhero).
We aspire for different models, reflecting the diversity of the world, in cul-
tures, in genders, in classes, in generations, in skin colors, and
in souls.NOW.
Now is also the name of the leadership model we have been co-developing with Doctor
Anne Perschel. Our brainchild, growing up amazingly quickly, under the pressures of
accelerated globalization, female brain-drain, collapse of traditional leadership models.
We are currently designing a brand new range of leadership programs, not only for
women, for the future gender balanced workplace.
You can now read all 12 styles of leadership, illustrated by 12 women
leaders:
1. Ursula Burns, the Achiever



2. Meg Whitman, the Persuader


3. Yoshiho Shinohara , the Pioneer (with also Halla Tomasdottir and
Gail Evans)


4. Charlene Li, the Innovator (along with Coco Chanel)


5. Oprah Winfrey and Arianna Huffington, for the Networker


6. Andrea Jung, the Humanist


7. Indra Nooyi, with Kah Walla, the Facilitator


8. Ana Patricia Botin, the Moderator

9. Hyun Jeongeun, the Maintainer


10. Nahed Taher, the Analyser


11. Dong Minzhu, the Monitor


12. Anne Lauvergeon, the Driver


The Spony Profiling Model (SPM), is the fruit of 8 years of research by Dr. Gilles
Spony at Cranfield School of Management. The illustrations provided here come
from my own interpretation of the model, with the permission of Gilles Spony.
I wish the successful women leaders featured in my research had taken the profile! They
have not. Not yetHowever, they communicate, via the public media, certain major
aspects of each of the twelve dimensions.
My point is to offer a wide range of styles, with some clearly visible illustra-
tions, that women can easily identify from. I intend to do the same for men.
You can read a detailed description of the model, its theories and applications
in The SPM, Innovative, Cross-Cultural and 21st Century Ready