PIC Trainer Kit

User Reference
Revision v1.01

PIC Trainer Kit User Reference

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1

LAYOUT OF THE PIC TRAINER KIT................................................................................................................... 6

POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................................. 7

PIC BOARD..................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1
FEATURES ................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2
PIC SUPPORTED ......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3
OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................ 9
3.4
SWITCHES............................................................................................................................................... 10
3.4.1 Reset switch .................................................................................................................................... 10
3.4.2 Mode Select Switch.......................................................................................................................... 10
3.5
HOW TO PROGRAM? ................................................................................................................................. 10
3.5.1 ICD2 ................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.5.2 JDM programming ........................................................................................................................... 15
3.6
MAX 232 (RS 232)................................................................................................................................. 17
3.7
EEPROM .............................................................................................................................................. 18

I/O BOARD .................................................................................................................................................. 19

4.1
4.2
4.3

USING I/O BOARD TO GIVE INPUT TO PORT PIN PX ........................................................................................... 20

USING I/O BOARD AS OUTPUT TO PORT PINS ................................................................................................... 20
PORT MAPPING FOR SWITCHES AND LEDS....................................................................................................... 21

MOTOR / RELAY BOARD .............................................................................................................................. 21

5.1
USING MOTOR/ RELAY BOARD TO DRIVE A STEPPER MOTOR ................................................................................ 22
5.1.1 Motor Connector Configuration ....................................................................................................... 23
5.1.2 Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board............................................................................ 23
5.2
USING MOTOR/ RELAY BOARD TO DRIVE A AC LOAD ......................................................................................... 24
5.2.1 Relay Connector Configuration......................................................................................................... 24
5.2.2 Connecting an AC bulb to the relay .................................................................................................. 25

SEVEN SEGMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 25

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................................................. 25
SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 25
FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS................................................................................................................................. 26
MAIN CONNECTOR ................................................................................................................................... 26

555 TIMER (SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR) AND BUZZER............................................................................... 27

PIN CONFIGURATION OF KEYPAD CONNECTOR ........................................................................................... 27

PIN CONFIGURATION OF LCD CONNECTOR.................................................................................................. 28

10

APPENDIX A: CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS................................................................................................................ 30

10.1
10.2

POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................................................ 30

PIC BOARD ........................................................................................................................................... 31

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10.3
10.4
10.5
11

APPENDIX B: PCB LAYOUTS ......................................................................................................................... 35

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6

12

POWER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................................................ 35

PIC BOARD ............................................................................................................................................. 36
I/O BOARD ............................................................................................................................................. 38
MOTOR RELAY BOARD............................................................................................................................... 39
7-SEGMENT DISPLAY ................................................................................................................................. 40
BASE BOARD ........................................................................................................................................... 42

APPENDIX C: THINGS TO BE TAKEN CARE OF IN NEXT VERSION ............................................................... 43

12.1

13

I/O BOARD ............................................................................................................................................. 32

MOTOR RELAY BOARD............................................................................................................................... 33
SEGMENT DISPLAY .................................................................................................................................... 34

I/O BOARD: ............................................................................................................................................ 43

APPENDIX D: CONTACT US .......................................................................................................................... 43

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Layout of PIC trainer Kit ............................................................................................................ 6
Figure 2: Selecting ICD2 programmer from MPLAB ................................................................................ 12
Figure 3: Connecting ICD2 to PIC kit....................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4: Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board .................................................................. 24
Figure 5: Connecting an AC bulb to the relay ......................................................................................... 25
Figure 6: Block diagram of the LED board. ............................................................................................. 26
Figure 7: Power Supply Circuit Diagram ................................................................................................. 30
Figure 8: PIC BOARD .............................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 9: I/O Board ................................................................................................................................ 32
Figure 10: Motor Relay Board ................................................................................................................ 33
Figure 11: 7-Segment Display ................................................................................................................ 34
Figure 12: Power Supply Component Layout.......................................................................................... 35
Figure 13: Power Supply Bottom Layer .................................................................................................. 35
Figure 14: PIC Board Component Layout ................................................................................................ 36
Figure 15: PIC Board Top Layer .............................................................................................................. 36
Figure 16: PIC Board Bottom Layer ........................................................................................................ 37
Figure 17: I/O Board Component Layout................................................................................................ 38
Figure 18: I/O Board Top Layer .............................................................................................................. 38
Figure 19: I/O Board Bottom Layout ...................................................................................................... 39
Figure 20: Motor Relay Board Component Layout ................................................................................. 39
Figure 21: Motor Relay Board Top Layer ................................................................................................ 40
Figure 22: Motor Relay Board Bottom Layer .......................................................................................... 40
Figure 23: Seven Segment Layout .......................................................................................................... 41
Figure 24: Base Board layout ................................................................................................................. 42

List of Tables
Table 4-1: Port mapping for switches and LEDs ...................................................................................... 21
Table 5-1 : Port mapping for using Motor driver .................................................................................... 23
Table 5-2: Motor connector configurations............................................................................................ 23
Table 5-3: Port mapping for using relay ................................................................................................. 24
Table 5-4 : Relay Connector Configuration ............................................................................................. 24
Table 6-1:Seven segment connector ...................................................................................................... 27
Table 8-1:Keypad Connector.................................................................................................................. 28
Table 9-1:LCD Data lines Connector ....................................................................................................... 28
Table 9-2:LCD Contol lines connector .................................................................................................... 29

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Introduction
Most of the trainer kits that are available in the laboratories of different institutions are of
very high cost and is difficult to use because of their small size and/or complex functionalities.
Also the cost for maintenance is observed high mostly because of the unavailability of the
components.
The PIC Trainer Kit is developed as a first step to provide low cost solutions for the
above common issues. The kit is very handy to be used in a laboratory with a reduced
complexity in functionalities. It is designed in such a way that it has most of the functionalities
that are necessary to do the experiments in a laboratory. The entire kit uses components which
are easily available in the market. This makes the maintenance of the kit cheap in terms of cost.
The PIC Trainer Kit is designed to support a wide variety of PIC microcontrollers. The
PIC can be programmed either through a serial port or using ICD2 which uses the USB.
The different peripherals associated with the kit are
(1) Switches and LEDs to control and observe the states of different port pins of the PIC.
(2) Seven segment LED display (Serial data and control)
(3) Hex Keypad
(4) Stepper motor driver
(5) Relay to drive AC devices
(6) LCD Display
(7) Square wave generator with variable frequency
(8) Bread board to assemble small circuits
All these features are provided on the Kit without any compromise in quality at a
reasonable cost.
The Kit is developed as part of a project done at National Institute of Technology, Calicut
by a group of students doing M.Tech in Electronics Design and Technology.

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1 Layout of the PIC trainer kit

Layout of the trainer kit showing the positions of different peripheral boards are shown
below.

Figure 1: Layout of PIC trainer Kit

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2 Power Supply
An external power supply designed to give regulated 5V, 1 Amps is used along with this kit.

3 PIC Board
All these features are provided on the Kit without any compromise in quality at a reasonable
cost.

1. UART Connector
2. Power Connector
3. Power Switch
4. ICD2 Connector
5. Reset Switch
6. Mode Select Switch (Program/Normal)
7. PIC port pin connector 1
8. Mode indication LED (Programming /Normal)
9. 28 pin PIC socket
10. 40 pin PIC socket & PIC 18f4520
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11. ICSP connector

12. PIC port pin connector 2

3.1 Features
Supports 40 pin PIC and 28 pin PIC
256K byte EEPROM
RS-232serial port
In-circuit serial programming of the microcontroller
ICD2
JDM based serial programmer
Expansion bus interface to peripheral boards
Reset switch
Power ON Switch
Switch for selecting programming mode and normal mode
LED for indicating power status
LED to indicate programming mode
Crystal Oscillator - 10MHz
3.2 PIC supported
It supports 40 pin PIC 16F and PIC18F series with
MCLR - PIN 1
VDD - PIN 11
VSS - PIN 12
VSS PIN 31
VDD PIN 32
PGM PIN 38
PGC PIN 39
PGD PIN 40

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28 pin PIC 16F and PIC18F series with

MCLR - PIN 1
VDD - PIN 8
VSS PIN 19
VDD PIN 20
PGM PIN 26
PGC PIN 27
PGD PIN 28

3.3 Oscillator configuration

External Crystal frequency 20MHz
Some PICs have internal Oscillators .If you are using this feature, modify oscillator
configuration as given in Datasheet)

Select Oscillator mode HS (High Speed Crystal/Resonator) in PIC

configuration.
Or user can program three configuration bits (FOSC2, FOSC1, and FOSC0) to select this mode

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3.4 Switches
3.4.1

Reset switch

Connected to the MCLR pin of PIC (Active low logic)

To Reset the PIC Press and release the push button.
3.4.2

Mode Select Switch

To select Programming mode / normal mode

The switch status is indicated by an on board LED. RED LED glows when in
Programming mode.
In Programming mode MCLR pin is connected to the programmer ICD2/JDM.And
hence PIC remains in RESET state.
After programming, change the switch position to normal mode. There is no need to
remove the ICD2 cable.

3.5 How to program?

Two programming modes are available

Using ICD2 (in circuit debugger)

JDM serial programmer

Make sure PIC is in Programming mode.

Make sure no Peripheral device/board is connected to Port B (RB7, RB6 & RB5).

3.5.1

ICD2

MPLAB ICD 2 is real-time debugger and programmer for selected PIC

MCUs

and dsPIC DSCs. Using Microchip Technology's proprietary In-Circuit

Debug functions, programs can be downloaded, executed in real time and
examined in detail with the debug functions of MPLAB. Set watch
variables and breakpoints from symbolic labels in C or assembly

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source code, and single step through C source lines or into assembly code. MPLAB ICD 2 can
also be used as a development programmer for supported MCUs.
3.5.1.1

ICD2 Features

USB (Full Speed 2 M bits/s) & RS-232 interface to host PC

Real time background debugging
MPLAB IDE GUI (free copy included)
Built in over-voltage/short circuit monitor
Firmware upgradeable from PC
Totally enclosed
Supports low voltage to 2.0 volts. (2.0 to 6.0 range)
Diagnostic LEDs (Power, Busy, Error)
Reading/Writing memory space and EEDATA areas of target microcontroller
Programs configuration bits
Erase of program memory space with verification
Peripheral freeze-on-halt stops timers at breakpoints

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Figure 2: Selecting ICD2 programmer from MPLAB

Figure 3: Connecting ICD2 to PIC kit

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3.5.1.2 ICD2 programming

1. Start MPLAB IDE

2. Select project/project wizard
3. Select device and tool suite

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4.
5.
6.
7.

Give project name and finish

Add header, library and linker files
Create a new source file and add it to project
Set configuration bits and build the project.

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3.5.2

JDM programming

The PICPgm Development Programmer Software is a free and simple In-System-Development

Programmer Software for the Microchip PIC microcontrollers.
The programmer has the following features:
Graphical User Interface and Command Line version available
Runs on Windows 9x/ME/2k/XP/Vista and Linux (for WIN 2k/XP/Vista an include
driver is used to access the parallel port)
Automatically detects the PIC device and uses the appropriate programming method
Programs flash memory (code), internal EEPROM and configuration bits from data of
HEX file
Designed to allow In-System-Programming and low-voltage programming (no
programming voltage needed!)
Programmer pins can be configured (pin assignment, inverted/non inverted pin)

STEP 1:- Connect programmer and run PICPgm software

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STEP 2:- Load hex file

STEP 3:-Enter configuration bits

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STEP 4:-Click on program pic button

3.6 MAX 232 (RS 232)

The PIC18 has two pins that are used specifically for transferring and receiving data
serially. These two pins are
RX (PORT C7,Pin 26 )
TX (PORT C6,Pin 25)
These pins are TTL compatible; therefore they require a line driver (voltage converter) to
make them RS232 compatible. The MAX232 converts from RS232 voltage levels to TTL
voltage levels and vice versa. One advantage of the MAX232 chip is that it uses a +5V supply,
which is the same as the source voltage for the PIC18.

MAX 232
1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5
DB9 male

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Rx and Txare cross connected on the board. Therefore make sure that serial cable is not
cross connected.
Use serial cable with Female connector on both ends

Sample code

#include<p18f452.h>
voidSerTx(unsigned char);
void main()
{
TXSTA=0x20;
// choose low Baud rate, 8 bit
SPBRG=15;
// 9600 baud rate / XTAL = 10MHz
TXSTAbits.TXEN=1;
RCSTAbits.SPEN=1;
while(1)
{
SerTx('A');
SerTx('B');
SerTx('C');
SerTx('1');
SerTx('2');
SerTx('3');
}
}
voidSerTx(unsigned char c)
{
while (PIR1bits.TXIF==0);
// Wait until transmitted
TXREG=c;
// Place character in Buffer

3.7 EEPROM
Atmel AT24C256B, which has 262,144 bits of serial electrically erasable and
programmableread-only memory (EEPROM) organized as 32,768 words of 8 bits each.
pin 5 is serial data,
pin 6 is serial clock input,
pin 5 is connected to the SDA (pin 23) of the microcontroller through a jumper,
pin 6 is connected to the SCK (pin 18) of the microcontroller using a jumper.

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4 I/O Board
The I/O Board is used to give input to the ports of the microcontroller. It can also be used
to know the status of the port pins.,i.e. it can also be used as a output device.

1. Power Connector
2. Female Connector
3. IO Switch (IOSWx)
4. Power Switch
5. LED (LEDx)
6. Power LED
7. Input Switch (IPSWx)
8. Push Button Switch (PBSWx)
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Entire board is powered through the power switch (marked as POWER SWITCH in
PCB) and the green LED on the board (marked as POWER LED on PCB) indicates the power.

4.1 Using I/O Board to give input to port pin Px

Keep the IO switch IOSWx* at position 1 (Position 1 is marked as I/P on the PCB.)
Use the Input Swith IPSWx* to connect the port pin, Px* to Vcc or Ground, i.e., to give a
high or low to Px*. To give logic HIGH, keep the Input Switch at position 1 shown in PCB.
Similarly for giving logic LOW keep the Input Switch at position 0.
Use the Pushbutton switch PBSWx* to give trigger to the port pin Px. Pushing the
pushbutton switch, PBSWx, gives logic LOW. Make sure that the switch IPSWx in position 1 for
correct functionality.
(* See Port mapping for switches and LEDs Section 4.3 )

4.2 Using I/O Board as output to port pins

Keep the IO switch IOSWx* at position 2 (Position 2 is marked as O/P on the PCB).
This makes the LEDx* to display the status of the port pin Px*.
(* See Port mapping for switches and LEDs Section 4.3 )

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4.3 Port mapping for switches and LEDs

Table 4-1 shows the port mapping for different switches.
Table 4-1: Port mapping for switches and LEDs

Port Pin, Px

IO
Switch,
IOSWx

LEDx

Input Switch, Pushbutton

IPSWx
Switch, PBSWx

P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7

SW9
SW10
SW11
SW12
SW13
SW14
SW15
SW16

LED P0
LED P1
LED P2
LED P3
LED P4
LED P5
LED P6
LED P7

SW1
SW2
SW3
SW4
SW5
SW6
SW7
SW8

SW17
SW18
SW19
SW20
SW21
SW22
SW23
SW24

5 Motor / Relay Board

The microcontroller can be used to drive a four phase uni-polar stepper motor* and/or
control a relay using the Motor/ Relay Board.
(* Current rating for each coil of the stepper motor should be less than or equal to
600mA)

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1. Power Connector
2. Power Switch
3. JP5 to JP12
4. JP1 to JP4
5. Female Connector
6. JP13 to JP20
7. Motor Connector
8. Relay Connector

5.1 Using Motor/ Relay board to drive a stepper motor

Micro controller can send the control signals for driving the unipolar stepper motor to the
port pins P0, P1, P2, and P3. Each port can be connected to 2 inputs of the IC ULN2003 as
given in the table 5.1.
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The inputs can be chosen using the corresponding jumpers as mentioned in the table.
Make sure that the output Ox of ULN2003 is chosen using the jumpers JP13 to JP 20 when the
input used is Ix.
Stepper motor can be connected to the driver circuit using the Motor connector provided
in the board. See section 5.1.1 for Motor Connector configurations.
Table 5-1 : Port mapping for using Motor driver

Port Pin, Px

ULN Input

Input Jumper

ULN Output

Output Jumper

P0

I7
I6
I6
I5
I4
I3
I2
I1

JP12
JP11
JP10
JP9
JP8
JP7
JP6
JP5

O7
O6
O6
O5
O4
O3
O2
O1

JP20
JP19
JP18
JP17
JP16
JP15
JP14
JP13

P1
P2
P3

5.1.1

Motor Connector Configuration

Table 5.2 gives the motor connector configurations

Table 5-2: Motor connector configurations

Motor Connector Pins

Connections for stepper motor

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Vcc
GND
Coil 1
Coil 2
Coil 3
Coil 4
GND

5.1.2

Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board

Connection to drive a stepper motor using this Motor/ Relay Board is shown below
(Figure 5.1-1)

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Figure 4: Connecting Stepper Motor to Motor/ Relay Board

5.2 Using Motor/ Relay board to drive a AC load

The relay on the Motor/ Relay Board can be driven by using any of the port pins P4, P5,
P6, and P7.
The port pin Px can be chosen using the jumpers JP1, JP2, JP3 or JP4 as given in the port
mapping table 5-3.
Making the port pin Px logic LOW will energizes the relay coil. By default the relay is in
Normally Closed mode.
See Section 5.2.1 for relay connector configurations.
Table 5-3: Port mapping for using relay

Port Pin, Px
P4
P5
P6
P7
5.2.1

Jumper to be used
JP4
JP3
JP2
JP1

Relay Connector Configuration

Table 5-4 shown below gives the relay connector configurations.

Table 5-4 : Relay Connector Configuration

Relay Connector Pins

Operation mode of relay*

1
2
3

NC
COM
NO

(* NC: Normally Closed; NO: Normally open; COM: Common pin)

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5.2.2

Connecting an AC bulb to the relay

Connection to glow a 230V AC bulb using the relay circuit is shown below (Figure 5.21).Providing a logic LOW at connector pin 8 will glow the 230 V AC bulb.

Figure 5: Connecting an AC bulb to the relay

6 Seven Segment
6.1 Overview
LED is peripheral board with four 7-segment LED displays with decimal point. The
displays are placed on DIL-40 socket and can be easily replaced. 4-digit LED driver SAA1064
from Philips Semiconductors with I2C-Bus interface is installed to this board. The segment
outputs of LED-driver are controllable current-sink sources. To prevent a damaging of LED
driver the current limit resistors are added to the board. Segment outputs are switched on by the
corresponding data bits and their current is adjusted by control bits. LED driver on the board is
controlled via an I2C-compatible serial bus.

6.2 Specifications
Four 7-segment LED displays with decimal point
DIL-40 socket for a placing of LED displays
4-digit LED driver SAA1064
Control scheme for multiplexing
Current limit resistors
Expansion Bus Connector
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Main Connector

6.3 Functional Blocks

Figure 6: Block diagram of the LED board.

6.4 Main Connector

LED board can be powered from 5 Volts DC available on peripheral board using two pin
connector.
I2C control (SDA, SCL) pins are available on the 2-pin Main connector.

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Table 6-1:Seven segment connector

Signal

Pin

SDA

SCL

7 555 TIMER (SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR) AND BUZZER.

A square wave generator circuit is provided so that a square wave can be used as input to
PIC whenever needed(No need of using functional generator). A pin is provided to take the
output of 555Timer.
A 5V buzzer is also provided to use whenever necessary for indication. A pin is provided
to give input to the buzzer.
A two pin connector is provided in which one is to take the output of 555Timer and other
to give input to the buzzer.

8 Pin configuration of Keypad connector

8 pins of PORTB are connected to the Keypad connector. This connector can also be used as
a general-purpose port. PORTB(RB0,RB1,RB2,RB3) are used to control rows of keypad.
PORTB (RB4, RB5, RB6, RB7) are used to control columns.
We can also use PORTC or PORTD to connect to keypad using FRC cable.

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Table 8-1:Keypad Connector

Signal Pin

Pin

RB0

RB1

RB2

RB3

RB4

RB5

RB6

RB7

9 Pin configuration of LCD Connector

This connector has two 8 bit connectors (RD0, RD1, RD2, RD3,RD4,RD5,RD6,RD7) for
data signals and, (RE0, RE1, RE2 )are the control signals. All these lines can be used as General
purpose I/O. RE0- RE2 can serve as analog inputs. A preset is provided to adjust contrast of
LCD display.
Table 9-1:LCD Data lines Connector

Signal

Pin

Pin(DATA)
RD0

RD1

RD2

RD3

RD4

RD5

RD6

RD 7

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Table 9-2:LCD Contol lines connector

Signal

Pin

Pin(CONTROL)
RE0

RE1

RE2

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10 Appendix A: Circuit Diagrams

Circuit diagrams of all the boards are given below in this section.

10.1 Power Supply

Figure 7: Power Supply Circuit Diagram

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10.2 PIC BOARD

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Figure 8:
9-2:
PIC
PIC
BOARD
BOARD

31

10.3 I/O Board

Figure 9: I/O Board

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10.4 Motor Relay Board

Figure 10: Motor Relay Board

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10.5 Segment Display

Figure 11: 7-Segment Display

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11 Appendix B: PCB Layouts

PCB layouts of different boards on the PIC Trainer Kit are given below.

11.1 Power Supply

Figure 12: Power Supply Component Layout

Figure 13: Power Supply Bottom Layer

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11.2 PIC Board

Figure 14: PIC Board Component Layout

Figure 15: PIC Board Top Layer

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Figure 16: PIC Board Bottom Layer

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11.3 I/O Board

Figure 17: I/O Board Component Layout

Figure 18: I/O Board Top Layer

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Figure 19: I/O Board Bottom Layout

11.4 Motor Relay Board

Figure 20: Motor Relay Board Component Layout

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Figure 21: Motor Relay Board Top Layer

Figure 22: Motor Relay Board Bottom Layer

11.5 7-Segment Display

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Figure 23: Seven Segment Layout

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11.6 Base Board

Figure 24: Base Board layout

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12 Appendix C: Things to be taken care of in next version

12.1 I/O Board:
All LEDs on the I/O Board are ON by default. i.e, if the Port Connector is left floating
the LEDs are ON. To eliminate this unwanted power loss, it is better to give a pull down resistor
at the input of all the inverters which is used as LED driver.
But this issue can be considered useful as it can indicate whether all the LEDs/inverters are
working or not.
Keeping both these factors in mind a solution need to be figured out for this issue.

13 Appendix D: Contact Us
You can contact any of us for further information
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Appu Alex @ appualex@gmail.com

Biradar Sunil B @ s.b.biradar@gmail.com
Dilshad Rashid A. A @ dilshadfaruk@gmail.com
Rajesh S.R @ sr.raj78@gmail.com
Sandheep V @ sandheep.vattappara@gmail.com
Sekhar G @ shekar.476@gmail.com
Sharath V @ vsharath@nitc.ac.in
Vijesh P @ vijuec@gmail.com
Vishnukanth G @ vishnukanthg@gmail.com
Or you can contact any of the faculty members at NIT Calicut

1. Raghu C. V @ raghucv@nitc.ac.in
2. Lyla B Das @ lbd@nitc.ac.in
3. B. Bhuvan @ bhuvan@nitc.ac.in

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