UNIT 26

ln Britain they drive on the left hand

side
1
and
people
coming from the
Continent need to
get
used to that
immediately.
Use of to
get
Constructions of to need
Uses of auxiliary verbs
Not only drivers need to take care.
Also
pedestrians
must get into the
habit of looking right and then left.
;
'#1
i*,
,{
'fi
$
.,,
,i},
]*,,
$
1. on the lelt hand slde
=
sulla sinistra (sul lato sinistro).
450
Uocabulary
side
[said]
continent
['kcntinant]
pedestrian
[pi'destrian]
mad
[md]
lato
continente
pedone
pazzo
to get used
[ju:zd]
to get into the
habit
['hbit]
to
get killed
tkildl
to take care
[kea*]
abituarsi
abituarsi
farsi ammazzare
fare attenzione
4 usES oF ro c'r
%
'r,
To ,BTAIN, To RE,EIVE To
pRocuRE,
To B(Jy
'lt
Stefano
got
a clear idea of what it They can get a copy of the Highway
'4, was like to drive in England Code
't
wRB oF MorroN ro BEcoME
'4,
Vhen they get there they are faced Driving in Britain can
get very
7,
with a very important difference confusing
't
PLEoNAsrrc us' PA*,IVE F,RM
'4
They've got to take care You'll get killed, and me with you
7t,
't
To PERSUADE IDIoMATIS usES
ry,
He was unable to get him to agree They may get into some difficult and
'r,
dangerous situations
7 coNsrRucroNs oF ro NEED
Z RE*,LAR ANoMALous
't
Not only drivers need to take care Need I tell
you that it is worse in
'4,
They will find everything they need liiti', tell
you that I
sot
used to
Z
this sort of mad driving
'%ruurunnru
DRIVING IN BRITRIN
Driving in.Britain can get
very confusing for foreigners. When they
get
there they
are faced
I
with a very important difference from their own countries. In Britain
they drive on the left hand side of the road and
people
coming from the Continent
need to
get
used to that immediately. If they do not, they may get into
2
some dif-
fcult and dangerous situations.
1, to be laced (wlth)
=
trovarsi dl fronte (a).2' to get lnto...
=
mettersi in....
451
Not only drivers need to take care. Also pedestrjals must
get into the habit of
looking right and then left and then right again before crossing the road.
The be-st ting for visitors to do is to
get
1
an English
person to explain the traffic
rules
2
to th;m. If they can
get
a copy of the Highway Code
3
they will find
everything they need, but the advice of a local driver is more useful than anything
they can
get
from a book. The British think that they are very safe drivers' and
they often say that the Italians are cruzy drivers. When Simon tried to explain this
view to his Italian friend Stefano, he was unable to
get
him to agree.
"You
needn't spend
5
much time in London traffic to see that it is not so",
Stefano
pointed out.
Simon had to recognize that London traffic could
get very chaotic, but he added:
"That
doesn't necessarily mean that it is dangerous, does it? Need I tell
you
that
it is worse in Rome?"
Later the two of them went for a drive
6
and Stefano
got a clear idea
7
of what it
was like to drive in England. He was constantly forgetting to drive on the left,
which, needless to say,
8
horrified Simon and the drivers coming the other way.
"You'll
get killed, and me with you!" Simon shouted when Stefano entered a
roundabout the wrong way. Stefano
just
lauglled.
"I
don't think so", he said. "In
my university vacations I drive a delivery van
e
in Rome, so I needn't tell you that
I got used t this sort of mad driving!;'
to
Ouestions
l. V/hat can driving in Britain
get for foreigners?
2, On which side do they drive in Britain?
3.
\JVhat must pedestrians get into the habit of doing?
4.
\ilhat
is the best thing for visitors to do?
5.
rWhat
will they find if they
get a copy of the Highway Code?
6. What was Simon unable to do when he tried to explain his view to his Italian friend
Stefano?
7. What did Stefano have to recognize?
8. Vhere did the two of them
go later?
9. What was Stefano constantly forgetting to do?
10. What did Simon shout when Stefano entered a roundabout the wrong way?
Uocabulary
forelgner
['fcrane*]
visitor
['vizite*]
roundabout
['raundabaut]
vacation
[va'keiJan]
1. To
get significa
qui persuadere. 2. traffic
kaudl
;
Coice Stradale. 4. safe drivers
=
che tu pAssi. 6. to go lor a drlve
=
andare
chiara.'8. needless to say
=
inutile dirlo. 9.
guida folle,
452
rules
[ru:lz] =
regole del traffico. 3. Highway Code
['haiuei
conducenti
prudenti. 5. You needn't spend
=
Non occorre
a fare un giro (in auto).7. to get a clear idea
=
farsi un'idea
delivery van
: furgone
per l consegne, 10. mad driving
=
straniero
tu rista
rotonda, rond
vacanza
to confuse
[kan'fju:zl
to horrily
['hcrifai]
chaotic
[kei'ctikJ
wOrSe
[ua:s]
disorientare
far inorridire
caotico
peggio(re)
GStrF@I N@Ttrg
4 u$ rDoMATrcr Dr ro eET
%
to
set
on
% ;i;;:*,-
c) continuare,
procedere
tZ
b) andare d'accordo d) solire (su veicoli)
tt
How is your English getng on? Il tuo inglese fa progressi?
'2,
They get on very well together Vanno molto d'accordo inbieme
'b
Get on with your
work Continua con il tuo lavoro
'2,
He got on his bike and rode away Sali sulla sua bicicletta e corse via
4
'4,
7,
to get down
'4
a\ scendere c\ scrtvere (sotto
dettatura)
n
b) tirare gi, prendere gi d) deprimere
Z
He could not get down from the tree Non seppe scendere dall'albero
Z,
Get down that book for me, please Tirami gi quel libro, per favore
'4 Get these notes down Scrivi (Prendi gi) questi
appunti
ry,
This weather gets
me down
Questo
tempo mi deprime
'Z
to
get
off
tZ
a) scendere (da
veicoli) c) conquistare, over successo con
'4 b) andorsene, partire
d) togliersi (abiti,
ecc.)
't
3:l Jr
tell me where to get off? Puoi dirmi dove scendere?
%
He gor off with a lovely
sirl
I3:[Th. una beila rasazza
%
I got off my clothes Mi tolsi gli
abiti
'4
ro get through
'Z
a) turminare, svolgere, sbrtgare c) passare un esame
4,
b) scialacquare d) arrivare, pemenire
Z
I witl get through this work by 7 Terminer questo lavoro per le 7
tZ,
He gets through his money foolishly Scialacqua il suo danaro scioccamente
%
She took her exam and got through Fece il suo esame e pass
'4
The message has
just
got through Il messaggio appena arrivato
U
to get round
%
a\
persuadere
c\ aggirarci
7
b) dillondersi d) aggirare (eggi, ecc.)
'Z
He knows how to get round people Sa come
persuadere la gente
7.
The rumour is
tting
round La voce si sta diffondendo
2,
The boss is getting round the offices Il capo sta aggirandosi
per gli uffici
Z
The lawyer got round that clause L'awocato aggir
quella clausola
%
The lawyer got round that clause L'awocato aggir
quella clausola
l
'
zzzzzmzzzzzzzzznzzzzzzzzzlnttttzt
Today on television.
COI{VERSATION
8.55 Heodr And Toils. 9.lO Pcople First. 9.35
Micros. l0.O Acion Mogoiine: Multi-
tolcnted Ameeno Ahuio. 10,30 L-Drivcr.
10.55 A Yous Lo Frcncc! 11.20 Knock
Knock. 11.35 This ls Tlre Doy: Worrhip
lrom Guildford,
12.5 SEE H[AR! For the hord of heoring.
2.3O FARMING ond Weother for formers'
2.55 MAGIC ROUDAEOUT
(rpt).
1.0 THIS TVEEK NEXT WEEK: Dovid Dimbleby
choirs his new current r
'foirs
:1.
.izine,
wath John Biffen, Leoder of the Commons,
ond Germoine Greer omong the guests.
l.5O FACE THE MU3IC: Tune in to Sue Cook,
John Julius Norwich, Volerie Pitls ond
guest musicion, conductor Giuseppe
Sinopoli. Joseph Cooper presides.
2.25 SNOOKER: Second-round motches in the
Corol United Kingdom Chompionship from
Preston.
t.45 CARRY ON NURSE*: See TV Movies.
5.10 SNOOKER: More pots from Preslon.
6.0 TllE PRISONER Of ZENDA: Good escopist
entertoinment with Molcolm Sincloir os the
Englishmon who reluctontly ogrees to
PAGES FROM CEEFAX.
OPEN UNIYERSITY.
SNOOKER: Second round of
the UK Chompionship.
MILKING AND MASTITIS:
Open University repeot.
PAGES TROM CEEFAX.
HORIZON: Lotest reseorch
on the broin
(rpt).
CHESS: Korpov v Kosporov.
GEORGE ORWELL: Port 2 ol
repeot Areno biogrophy.
MUSIC FROM ST GEORGE'S:
Schumonn songs.
GTOFTREY SMITH'S WORLD
OF FLOWERS: Tulips (rpt).
SIR HUGH CASSON: Lookins
bock with the retiring Pres-
ident of the Royol Acodemy.
NEWS REYIEW.
THE MONEY PROGRAMME:
Why hosn't the Horrier
iened
into the best-rellers?
OUR ]IOUSE: A forrtrhouse rn
Suffolk.
9.O
to.45
I1.25
t2.55
r.20
t.55
2.45
3. lo
4.5
4.55
5.20
6.O
6.30
7.13
Simon You aren't going home no\ry, are you, Bob? You said you were going to stay here
until seYen, didn't
you?
Bob I suppose you want to study till then, but I've got fed up with books. I think I'll
go home and watch television.
Simon Before getting down to some more work, I think I'll have a snack. Aren't you
hungry, Bob?
Bob To tell the truth I do feel hungry.
1
On second thoughts
2
I don't think I'm going
home to watch television. There is nothing interesting on today, I can live without
television
quite happily.
Simon Can you really, Bob?
Bob I don't understand this craze for television, Simon.
Simon Neither do I. I've got the impression that people watch too much television, don't
you think so?
Bob Yes, I do, Simon. There are so many interesting things in life. Now, are we going
to have this snack or not? I need some calories if you want me to get on with that
translation with you.
Simon All right, Bob. I'll get you
a few sandwiches and an orange squash in a moment. I
shan't be long.
3
Uocabulary
thought
[0c:t]
pensiero
calorie
['kleri]
caloria
FROM THE CONIERSATION TO THE PASSAGE
Simon is at home with Bob. They are studying together. Bob had said he was going
to
stay until seven, but he has got fed up with books and thinks he will go
home and watch
television. Sirnon says that, before getting down to some more work, he will have a
snack. Bob pricks up his ears.
a
On second thoughts, he does not think he will go home
and watch television as there is nothing interesting on today. He also says he does not
understand that craze for television. Simon adds that he has got
the impression that peo-
ple watch too much television. Bob agrees. There are so many interesting things in life.
But what about the snack? Bob needs some calories to get on with the translation he is
doing with Simon. Simon will get Bob a few sandwiches and an orange squash. He will
not be long.
1. I do leel hungry
=
Sento fame, e come! un esempio di forma enfatica ottenuta con to do. 2. On se-
cond thoughls
=
Ripensandoci. 3. I shan't be long
=
Non ci metter molto' 4. to prick up ono's eats
=
drizzare le orecchie.
454
NEI^I DRESSES, NEW FRIEhIDS
.re
fuzldine
Ie
Ca'aldine
Jsre
fuldine
.Io
fuoldine
Ine
fualdine
Iste
Csaldine
Jone
fualdine
Jute
Crersldine
FROM THE COI\NTERSATION TO THE PASSAGE
Jane and Geraldine are talking of clothes. Jane says she has got to get something ne\il,to
wear at a ball. Geraldine needs something new too, it is so embarrassing to turn up at a
ball in something one has worn in public before, she says. Perhaps Geraldine's words are
a hint at a frock Jane wore at parties at Christmas and New Year, though in
good
taste,
in Jane's opinion. And perhaps Geraldine's combination of green and purple was not
such
good taste, but Jane will not say that. Other people will do that,
perhaps. Jane
gets
furious. If her friends think the same as Geraldine, then she will have to get some new
friends. Jane tries to explain that Geraldine's friends do not want her to get a bad reputa-
tion. And Geraldine should be grateful to them. At this
point Geraldine swears she will
never speak to Jane or her friends again.
1. to
gst
at
=
criticare' 2. in good taste
[teist] =
di buon gusto' 3' no longer
=
non pi' 4' to run the
rlsk
=
correre il rischio. 5. laughing stock
=
zimbello.
I've got to get something nelv to wear at the ball tomorrow.
So hve I. It is so embarrassing to turn up at a ball in something
you have
worn in public before, isn't it?
Are you suggesting that it is my habit to wear the same dress twice?
I wouldn't dream of doing such a thing.
You needn't pretend you were not getting at
I
me. I know
you were amused
when I wore my pink frock at
parties at Christmas and New Year, but at least
it was in good
tste.
2
Are you
suggesting that my green and
purple combination was in bad taste?
I needn't do that, I can leave that to other
people.
How dare you?
I get enough criticism from my sister without your help!
I don't think you need to get so furious.
Really? If all my friends think the same way as
you,
then I will have to get
some new friends.
How can I explain that to you? Your
clothes. They don't want you to get
They needn't worry any more. They
are you.
It's
just
the truth. You are running the risk
a
of becoming a laughing stock.
5
Am I really?
Yes. You should get to the truth somehow and be grateful to your friends.
I will never speak to them or
you
again.
friends don't like to see you in such silly
a bad reputation.
are no longer
3
my friends, and neither
llocabulary
l,X[J',',,1_,
ballo
abito (da donna)
to pretend
[pri'tend]
to amuse
[a'mju:z]
somehow
['snmhau]
f ingere
divertire
in qualche modo
purple
['pa:pl]
scarlatto
gratef
ul
g rato
['greitful]
455
ORL
DRILLS
Read the lollowing
passage caretully. Then reread it slowly replaclng all
(or
almost ail)
loms In ltalics wlth synonyms.
At the toot ol the page you wlll llnd some examples. Remember tt at to get
+
adJective or
past partlciple can almost always be replaced y to become.
A I.AZYBONES
"You know, Stefano", said Simon to his ltalian friend, "a verb which you
must learn to use very
often in conversation is to
get. lt's gof a lot of uses, and I want to teach you some ol thgm,
which
you might gef down
I
in your note-book. And now
get ready lo get
buried under a mass of
gets....
"l'm ready, Simon".
"Let's get off thenl I want to talk to
you
about Freddy. You know Freddy, don't you?
"He is a clerk of
your father's, isn't he?"
"Yes, and I needrLt tell
you that Freddy is a perfect lazybones.
2
Father gets
furious with him
every second day,
r
but.Freddy has got used to it. When Father gets at him, he gets his pipe out
and has a long smoke.
a
He always gets to the otfice very late (he gets
up very late in the morn-
ing, he isn't an early bird,
'
I'm afraid), and then he needs a good half-hour belore getting down
to some work. He's always
gof a lot of correspondence to get through, but he only gets two or
three letters done in a whole morning. Freddy's gol a fiance who works with an insurance com-
pany:6 her name is Alice. They got engaged last year
and should get
married this
year, but
Freddy keeps saying that a man's
ggt to be very cautious before taking such an important
step,
7
and he is trying to
gain time.
E
lf I were Alice, I would
get nd of him and look for so-
meone else,
e
But let's get back lo the office where Freddy works. At ten o'clock he gets Alice
on the phone
ro
and gets lnto a
pleasant conversation with her. "Don't work too hard, darling",
he says to her, "or you'll get too tired".I needn't tell you that when Father gets near Freddy
while he is talking to Alice, the sweet conversation gefs to an abrupt stop. Father's angry voice
gefs on Freddy's nerves, and he always needs a quarter
of an hour's relaxation to
get
ovet
Father's outburst. I'm afraid that Father will have a stroke one day, if Freddy doesn't
get
the
sack. And now l'ye got to stop,
your note-book would gef too crammed
rr
with all these gets.
Besides, you would get bored, wouldn't
you?"
/f's got
-
lt has
to get down
=
to write down
to get ready
=
to prepare
to get buried
=
to be buried
Uocabulary
to get off
=
to start
to get furious
=
to lose one's temper
to get
used
=
to accustom oneself
to get at
=
to attaek, to criticize
stroke
[streuk]
colpo, ictus
to bury
l'beril
seppellire
abrupt
[a'brrpt]
repentino
clerk
[kla:kJ
liance
[fi'c:nseil
outburst
['autbe:st]
impiegato
f idanzata
scoppio
1. togotdown
=
trascrivere,
prender notadi.2. lazybones
=
lazzarone,
pigrone.
Bone-lbaunl_= osso.
3. eve-ry secohd day
=
u6
giorno si un_giorno no, ogni due giorni. 4. to have a smoke
=
larsi una
tumata.'S. early bld
=
tipo vegliarino. Bird
[ba:d]
=
uqce!]o.6. lnsurance compny_= compagnia di
asiurazioni. z] to take a step
i
fare un
passo. 8. to galn tlme
=
guadagnare tempo. To galn
[gein;
=
guadagnare (senso figurato). 9.' someon else
=
qualcun altro. 10. to.get someone on the
phone
=
far-
i oar
qualuno at iletonb. 11. to
get crammed
lkrmd]
=
stiparsi, riempirsi'
456
GiRRft'IfUIRR
I'SI DI TO GET
To
get viene usato nei seguenti casi:
l) nel significato di ricevere, ottenere,
prendere,
comprare o
procurare.
Did
you get my telegram? Hai ricevuto il mio telegramma?
He
getr good pay Prende una buona
paga
If we divide 12 by 3 we get 4 Se dividiamo 12
per 3 otteniamo 4
I got
that dress at Harrod's Ho comprato
quel vestito da Harrod's
I can
t
that book for
you Posso
procurarti quel
libro
fuvqc, ottcnete, prmdere
Comptate,
ptocururc
I got a letter from her V[here did you get this hat?
Riwetti una lettera da lei Dove hai comprato
questo cappello?
He got a
job
in London Get me two tickets, please
Ottenne un impiego a Londra Proanrami due biglietti,
per
favore
He
got a blow on the head \Mhat shall I get you?
he un colpo in testa Che cosa devo
prenderti?
Ycrbo di moto
When did
you get here?
Quando
sei arrivato qui?
lVe got on a bus
Salimmo su un autobus
They got off the bus
Scesero dall'autobus
Uso pleonastico
I've got a lot of work
Ho un sacco di lavoro
I've got to go notv
Devo andare ora
Persuadere (fare)
I can't
get her to talk
Non riesco a
farla
parlare
I got him to do the work
Diventare
You're getting fat, old man!
Diventi grasso, vecchio mio!
The soup is getting cold
La zuppa sta diventando
fredda
It was getting late
Stava diventando tardi
Forma passiva
Poor Tom got killed in the war
Il povero Tom
fu
ucciso in guerra
The boy got knocked down by a car
Il
ysazzo .fu
investito da un'auto
Usi idiomatici o colloquiali
How are
you getting on?
Come tiri avanti?
Get
your hat and coat on
Lo persuqsi a
fare
il lavoro Metti su cappello e soprabito
457
2) come verbo
di to get usato
to get (to)
to get in
(into)
to get out
to get up
to get down
3) nel significato di diventare. in tale
(mai da nome).
They got very rich
You're getting clever, Lizzie!
This is your medicine: get it down
Get these notes down, will you?
This weather gets me down
Let's get down to some work now
COSTRUZIONI DI TO NEED
di moto, seguito da preposizioni od awerbi. Si osservino i casi
pi comuni
come verbo di moto:
arrivare
(a)
entrare
(in)
uscirp
alzarsi, salire
scendere
to get back
to get across
to get arvay
to get on
to get off
ritornare
attraversare
scappare
salire (su mezzi)
scendere
(da mezzi)
4) dopo to have, nsato
pleonasticamente.
Have you got a light? Ha da ccendere?
She's
got to work hard Deve lavorare molto
5) nelle
forme
passive. To get pu sostituire to be in tali forme, con valore maggiormente
dinamico o drammatico.
They got killed in an accident
She got caught in the act
caso seguito da aggettivo o
participio passato
Diventarono molto ricchi
Stai diventando brava, Lizzie!
Rimasero uccisi in un incidente
Venne colta con le mani nel sacco
Questa
la tua medicina: prendila
Prendi questi appunti, per favore
Questo
tempo mi deprime
Mettiamoci a fare un po'
di lavoro ora
6) nel significato di persuadere (o
fare,
usato in tale significato).
They got me to go back there Mi fecero tornare l
I can't get anyone to do this work Non riesco a
persuadere
nessuno a fare
questo lavoro
7) in un vasto numero di usi idiomatici o colloquiali dove to get seguito da awerbio (o
preposizione),
Regolare
She needs your help
Ella ha bisogno del tuo aiuto
Do
you need me?
Hai bisogno di me?
I don't need anything
Non ho bisogno di nulla
V/e didn't need to hurrY
Non ci
fu
bisogno che ci affrettassimo
Difettiva
You needn't talk so loud
Non occorre che tu parli
cosl
forte
Need I go there?
C' bisogno che ci vada?
Need you have said that?
C'era bisogno che tu dicessi ci?
V/e needn't have hurried
Non c'era bisogno che ci affreftassimo
458
1. To need si comporta regolarmente
quando usato con il significato di aver bisogno di
(abbisognsre, occorrere), in qualsiasi tipo di frase (affermotivo, negativo, ecc.\.
I need money Ho bisogno di danaro
(Mi
occorre
danaro)
I need to earn more Ho bisogno di guadagnare di
pi
I needed to see her Avevo bisogno di vederla
Did you need her? Avevi bisogno di lei?
I didn't need her Non avevo bisogno di lei
2. To need si comporta difettivamente
(edhaquindi tutte le caratteristiche di must, ad
esempio),
quando
usato con il significato di occorrere che, esserci bisogno che, in frasi
negative ed, interrogative.
Need you be so rude? C' bisogno
1
(occorre) che tu sia cosi
villano?
Need they stay? Devono restare?
You needn't be afraid Non occorre che tu abbia
paura
They needn't
pay Non c' bisogno che
paghino
3.
Quando
esserci bisogno che od occorrere che usato al
passato (non c'era bisogno
che..., non ci fu bisogno che..., occorreva che...?, ci fu bisogno che...?), to need usato
difettivomenle
(need
+ have +
participio passato\ se I'azione di cui si esprime la
necessit ha avuto luogo, altrimenti si usa to need regolarmente.
We.needn't have got up early Non c'era bisogno che ci alzassimo
presto
(e ci alzammo presto)
\ile didn't need to get up early Non ci fu bisogno che ci alzassimo
presto
(e non ci alzammo
presto\
Need you have phoned
so early? C'era bisogno che tu tdefonassi cosi
presto?
OSSERVAZIONI
l) Anche il verbo to dare (osare, aldire, orrischiarsi) solltamente usato difettivamente
nelle
frasi
negative ed, interrogative. E verbo regolare (to dare dared dared) o, ma in totale
disuso, irregolare (to
dare durst dared).
Dare you
speak to me? Osi parlarmi?
How dare he say such a thing? Come osa dire una cosa simile?
I dnren't do it Non oso farlo
Hc dared to go
there Os andarci
Don't (yo
')
dare do that again Non arrischiarti a rifarlo
2) To dere
possiede
inoltre il significato di sftdare. Usato in tale senso sempre regolare.
He dared me to do it Mi sfid a farlo
Did he dare you to say that again? Ti sfid a dire ci di nuovo?
1. To need traduce inoltre doyele, usato nel significato di esserci bisogno che, occorrere che. Need you be
so rude?
=
Devi essere cos villano?
459
USI DEGLI AUSILIARI
1
Non vero?
"You are English, aren't
you?"
"Lei inglese, non vero?"
"You
don't speak French, do you? "
"Ttt non parli
francese,
non vero?"
"You can swim, cantt you?"
"Ttt soi nuotare, non
yero?"
"You smoke, don't you?"
"Lei
fuma,
non vero?"
"She sa\ry
you, didn't she?"
" EIIa ti vide, non vero?"
Anch'io (ecc.)
"I can speak English" "So can I"
"fo so parlare inglese" "Anch'io"
"I like reading" "So do I"
"Mi
piace la lettura" "Anche a me"
"l saw that film last year"
'lSo did l"
"Vidi
quel
film
I'anno scorso" "Anch'io"
You aren't tired, are you?
You've got a brother, haven't you?
You will come back, won't you?
She won a prize, didn't she?
Davvero?
"She speaks five languages""Really?"
"Does
she?" "f)oes she really?"
"Parlo cinque lingue" "Dovvero? "
"She is twenty-five" 'Is
she really?"
"Ha venticinque anni" "Davvero?"
"l
want to pay''
ttReally?"
" Voglio pagore"
"DovveroT"
"I went to London"
"I)id
you?"
"Andai a londra" "Davyero?"
Neanch'io (ecc.)
"I don't smoke"
"Neither do I"
"
Io non
fumo"
" Neanch'io"
"I'm not going out"
((Neither
am I"
" fo non esco" " Neanch'io"
"We didn't got out"
"Neither did lve"
"Non uscimmo" "Negnche noi"
Sei stanca, (non
) vero?
Hai un fratello, non vero? (no?)
Tornerai, vero?
Vinse un premio, non vero?
"Mi alzo sempre presto"
"Anch'io"
ttEscott ttAnchtiot'
t tNon
fumot
t t tNeanchtiot t
"Non usciamo staseratt
ttNemmeno
noitt
1. Se ad una
frase
affermativa o negativa fa seguito I'interrogazione non vero? (oppure
vero?, no?),
quest'ultima viene tradotta utilizzarrdo l'ausiliare che appare nella
frase
principale.
Se la frase a cui fa seguito non vero? non impiega alcun ausiliare (nel caso difrase of-
fermativa
di verbi pieni), si impiega I'ausiliare to do (do, does, did).
L'ausiliare usato nella question-tag (domanda di coda) si lega a not (impiegato
sempre in
forma
contratta), qualora la frase principale sia affermativa.
2.
Quando
anche e neanche (nemmeno, neppure) sono seguiti da pronome personale
o
nome (generalmente non seguiti da
forma
verbale), essi vengono tradotti con so e neither
(o nor), rispettivamente, seguiti dall'ausiliare e dal soggetto.
L'ausiliare da usarsi sar
quello
che appare nella frase precedente,
oppure, in assenza di
esso, si user to do (do, does, did).
"I always get up early" "So do I"
"I am going out" "S0 am I"
"I don't smoke" "Neither
do l"
"'We aren't going out tonight" "Nor are
tilet
t
1 . Per verbi ausiliari si intendano to be, to have,
460
to do, shall, will, should, would e gli altri verbi difettivi.
OSSERVAZIONE
Neanche
(nemmeno, neppure) pu essere tradotto in altri due modi:
l) not even la forma negativa di even
Qtersino).
He didn't even pay the bill Non pag neppure il conto
She doesn't even know I'm here Non sa nemmeno che sono qui
2) not... either la forma negativa di also o too. Either
va posto alla
ftne
della
frase.
I don't smoke either Nemmeno io fumo
She doesn't speak English either Neanche lei parla inglese
3. Dawero?, esclamazione mirante ad esprimere stupore, ammirazione od incredulit,
viene resa in inglese in tre modi:
l) con l'uso dell'awerbio really;
2) con I'uso di un ausiliare seguito da pronome personale (corrispondente al ..soggetto
dell'affermazione inattesa). In assenza di ausiliare nell'affermazione, si introduce l'uso di
to do
(do,
does e did) facendolo corrispondere al tempo ed alla persona del verbo che ap-
pare nell'affermazione;
3) con I'uso della forma precedente, ma chiusa dall'awerbio really. Lo stupore qui
espresso owiamente pi
marcato che nei due casi precedentemente descritti.
"I've been to Acapulco"
"Sono stata ad Acapulco',
"Re&lly?"
!'Dawero?"
"Dawero?t' "Have
you?tt
"Ifgve
you
really?tt
"Dawero?"
"Mr Fox smokes twenty cigars a day"
"Mr
Fox fuma venti sigari al giorno"
"ReallY?tt "Dawero?"
"I)oes
he?tt
"Davvero?"
"Does
he really?"
"Dawero?"
"Pussy died yesterday"
"Pussy morta ieri"
ttReeilYltt
" Davvero?"
"Did
she?"
"Davvero?"
t'Did
she really?tt
"Dawero?"
OSSERVAZIONE
L'ncredulit suscitata da una affermazione alquanto insolita viene espressa con un dop-
pio uso dell'ausiliare (se presente nell'affermazione, oppure introducendo do, does e did).
il primo ausiliare impiegato in
forma
negativa, il secondo in
forma
inter-
rogativa; a guisa di richiesta di conferma.
"I've
seen a flying saucer" "Ho
visto un disco volante"
"You
haven't, have
you?tt
"No!"
"She
committed suicide"
'
"Si
suicidata"
"She
didntt, did she?" "Nol"
161
rj
LEXIGAL
N@Ttrg
Z
DruENTARE
'2,
Z
Diventare si traduce in cinque modr:
4
'4
l) to become
(became
become). seguito sia da nome che da aggettivo, ed ha
t
.
significato
generico.
't
He became very rich Divenne molto ricco
'4
He became my best friend Divenne il mio miglior amico
'4
2) b get(got got). seguito unicamente da aggettivo o participio passato.
2
The film was getting interesting Il film diventava interessante
'Z
The sky got dark Il cielo divent scuro
t/,
3) to grow (grew grown). usato per esprimer e una tasformazione attuata per
Z
grodi.
7
You are
growing old, my dear! Diventi vecchio, mio caro!
%
My hair is growing grey I miei capelli diventano grigi
//l
//l
7 ossERYAzroNE
'z
'Z
To grow
significa inoltre crescere,
faTsi
crescere, coltivare.
Z
How quickly you
are
growingt Come cresci rapidamente!
Z
He grew a moustache Si fece crescere i baffi
7
She grows roses Coltiva rose
2
2
4) to turn. E usato
per
esprimere una trasformazione piuttosto repentino.
'4, He turned
pale with anger Divenne pallido
d'ira
Z
The sky turned red Il cielo divenne rosso
7
ossERvazIoNE
t
,
To turn significa inoltre girare, voltare, voltarsi, trasformare, tradune.
'4
The earth turns round the sun La terra gira attorno al sole
,t
He turned (to the) left Volt a sinistra
2
Frost turns water into ice Il gelo
trasforma I'acqua in ghiaccio
'1,
HrUJ.rL*
turn this
passage into Volete tradurre questo passo in greco?
Z
5) to go (went gone). usato con determi nati aggettivi
(blind,
mad, bod, ecc.).
Z
She nearly went mad
Quasi
divent matta
't
The eggs went bad
Le uova andarono a male
'/z
The
poor man went blind Il pover'uomo divenne cieco
7,
462
ORIL ND URITIN DRILS
E
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
L
9.
10,
a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
E
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
'10.
Flll ln the blank spaces with suitable forms
of lo
get:
5. Harold Wilson became Prime Minister
that year,
6. He never became very popular,
7. The situation is becoming more and
more difficult.
L He asked me if I wanted to become his
wife,
9. Unfortunately the
poor woman became
ill.
10, lt is becoming very cold.
Replace to
get
wtth to grow, to turn or to
go:
You're getting
old, my dear!
It was
getting
dark when we went out.
My hair is getting
a bit thin.
The man got red with anger.
The sky suddenly
got very dark.
The boy got very tall in a few months.
The baby is getting very strong.
It is autumn: the leaves are getting
yellow.
Your hair is getting grey,
old
girl!
When she heard the news, she almost
got mad.
tr
1' Suddenly the sky
got black.
2. Fish soon
gets bad.
3. He
got hot and cold when he read the
telegram.
We're all getting old, unfortunately.
The
poor boy got blind after the
accident.
The milk has got
sour, I'm afraid.
With age he got
suspicious and nervous.
She
got pale with anger when she saw
that man.
9. The old woman
got red with anger.
10. The children are
getting tall.
Reword the following sentences as
suggesfed;
I'm in need of some money.
I need some money,
You're in need of a new
pair of shoes.
When did
you ...,. this letter?
Where did
you ...,. this umbrella?
Who ..... the prize?
He ...., a blow on his nose.
I don't want to ,.... ten years.
I will ...,. you
a drink.
I must ..,.. a new pair
of shoes,
..... me an English magazine, will you?
Shg ..,.. good pay.
| ,..,. thg 5.55 train to .,,,. hgre in time.
Your tga is ,..,. cold, dear.
He ..... furious when he heard the news.
Let's go ! lt's . r.,. late.
Your hair is ,..., thin, dear.
What have
you
irrrr in your hand?
I've .,... a date at five o'clock.
You haven't ..... a chance.
f 've ..... to go
to the station now,
They ..,.. me to go
with them,
Why didn't you
...., them to stay?
They ..... to London after a month.
They ...,. off the bus after ten minutes.
We ,,,.. on a bus and ..... to town.
Can't
you
..i.. back to London tonight?
They ..... into the car and drove off
(partironol.
Did
you ..r,. up very early this morning?
There was no bridge, and we couldn't
...,. across.
The two
prisoners ...., away,
The lion ,.... out of its cage.
The girl ..... off from her horse.
tr
1.
2.
3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
o
t/r
10.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
z
1.
2.
g
1.
2,
3.
4.
Replace to become with to
gt, where
possible:
He became my best friend.
He became very fat.
He wants to become a writer,
The little girl you knew has become
beautiful.
463
that.
7. There
early,
8. There
things.
9. There
10. There
3. They're in need of some books.
4. Are you in need of some help?
5. I'm not in need of any help.
6. ls he in need of something?
7. He isn't in need of anything.
8. Are they in need of some rest?
9. They aren't in need of any rest.
10. They're in need of a change.
E
1. There is no need for you to go there.
You needn't
go
there.
2. There is no need for us to leave.
3. There is no need for her to pay.
4. There is no need for him to shout,
5. There is no need for you to worry.
6. There is no need for her to behave like
Itr
1. You can swim, ..,..?
2. You don't eat much, .....?
3. They didn't tell you
anything, .....?
4. You know the truth, .....?
5. Susan is at home, .....?
6. We are going
out, .....?
7.. You should study more, .....?
8. They haven't left yet, .....?
9. Uncle is coming back tonight, .....?
10. They aren't very happy,.....?
E
1 . You' re tired
,
.....?
2. You don't smoke, .....?
3. She's coming with us, .....?
4. He doesn't
play
cricket
,
.....?
5. You'll come to see ffi, .....?
6. You won't leave now, .....?
7, She spent a lot, .....?
8. He didn't go to the party, ....,?
9. You've seen that fi|m,...,.?
10. They didn't meet you,
.....?
Complete the following senfences with
so,.. I or neither... l:
IE
1. "l hate cats"
"....."
2. "|'ve always stayed there" "....."
3.
"l'm going to town" "......"
4. "1'd like to
go
to London" "....."
5. "l likg
9in"
"....."
6. "l
don't like whisky" "....."
7, "l can't drive" "....."
8. "l wouldn't tell her" "....."
9. "l didn't have my coffee" "....."
10. "l
shouldn't smoke so much" "....."
Put in suitable auxiliary verbs;
E
1. You are young
and so l.
2. Tom speaks French and so his
brother.
3. "l went to the cinema yesterday" "So
l"
4. "l like that actor" "So .,i.. l"
5. "We are going
to the theatre tonight"
"So we"
6. lf you aren't going
out, neither ..... l.
7. "1
don't feel like going
out" "Nor ,,,.. l"
8. "l couldn't find that book" "Nor l"
9. "l can't understand her" "Nor l"
10. They didn't enjoy the film" "Nor ..... we"
is no need for us to get up too
is no need for you
to say such
is no need for him to be so rude.
is no need for them to come here.
E
1. There was no need for
You needn't have gone
2. There was no need for
3. There was no need for
4. There was no need for
5. There was no need for
6. There was no need for
like that.
7. There was no need for
early.
8. There was no need for
things.
9. There was no need for
rude.
10. There was no need for
here.
you
to
go
there.
there.
us to leave
her to pay,
him to shout.
you to worry.
her to behave
us to
get
up so
you to say such
him to be so
them to come
Provide question-tags for the following
sentences.'
rg
1. You are tired
,
.....?
2. You don't smoke, .....?
3. You are coming with us, .....?
4. You don't like ffio, .....?
5. You speak English, .....?
6. You will stay here, .....?
7. He is very hungry, .....?
8. He is not afraid, .....?
9. He could wait, .....?
10. She saw him, .....?
464
Reword the following senfences as
suggested;
E
1. "l want a divorce" "Really?"
"l want a divorce" "Do you?" ("Do you
really?')
2. "l drink a bottle of whisky a day"
"Really?"
3. "l speak five languages" "Really?"
4. "l get
up at five every morning"
"Really?"
5. "l only drink champagne" "Really?"
6. "He saw a bank robbery" "Really?"
7. "He missed his bus again" ''Really?"
8. "He died yesterday" "Really?"
9. "She lost her keys" "Really?"
10. "He broke a leg" "Really?"
Itr
1. "l'm leaving for Australia" "Really?"
"l'm leaving for Australia" "Are you?"
("Are you really?")
2. "l'm broke" "Really?"
3. "l'm engaged io Susan" "Really?"
4. "She's fifty years
oldt' "Really?"
5. "She's
tired of this life" "Really?"
6. "l've bought a new car" "Really?"
7. "|'ve won a thousand pounds" "Really?"
8. "She's been robbed" "Really?"
9. "She's deserted her husband" "Really?"
10. "She's gone
to live in London"
"Really?"
Translate into English:
m
1. Ricevetti decine di lettere.
2, Non ricevemmo il tuo telegramma.
3. Che cosa otterrai?
4. Ottenne un buon impiego.
5. Si prese due anni.
6. Ho preso questo
libro da Smith's.
7. Dove posso
comprare dei
giornali
inglesi?
8. Prendimi rr pacchetto
di sigarette,
per
favore.
9. Non riuscii a
procurarmi quel libro.
10. Procurami dei buoni posti per la
commedia.
E
1. Ricevetti un bel premio.
2. Dove hai comprato guesti guanti?
3. Si
prese un colpo sul naso.
4. Si faceva tardi, e ci preparammo.
5. Quando arrivaste a Londra?
6. Entrammo nel cinema alle otto e mezza.
7. Usciamo!
Scendi da
quell'albero!
Quando tornerete l?
Attraversammo il fiume in barca.
Itr
1. Arrivammo a Parigi dopo un'ora di volo.
2. Prendiamo un autobus !
3. Voi dove scendete?
4. Entrarono in un bar.
5. A che ora tornasti a casa?
6. Attraversiamo ora !
7. I due ragazzi scapparono.
8. "Fuori !", grid I'insegnante.
9. Non ci alziamo mai prima
delle undici.
10. Salimmo su un autobus ed arrivammo l.
@
1. L'aria sta diventando f redda.
2. ll tempo diventer migliore, spero.
3. ll film cominciava a diventare
interessante.
4. Susan sta diventando
grassa.
5. Hai un fiammifero?
6. Non abbiamo amici qui.
7. Dobbiamo tornare a casa ora.
8. Non dovete andare cosi presto !
9. Li persuasi a dire tutto.
10. Mi persuasero a uscire con loro.
8
1. Devi abituarti ad alzarti prima (earlier).
2. Tir fuori la pipa e si fece una fumata.
3. Ho della corrispondenza da sbrigare.
4. Ci fidanzammo un anno fa.
5. Ci sposeremo fra un mese.
6. La sua voce mi d ai nervi.
7. Non so come liberarmi di lui.
8. Mi annoio
quando
sono con lui.
9. Mi sono stancato di sentire le sue
sciocchezze.
10. Ti farai licenziare.
@
1. Ho bisogno di te.
2. Avevo bisogno di te.
3. Avr bisogno di te.
4. Hai bisogno di me?
5. Non ho bisogno di te.
6. Di che cosa hai bisogno?
7. Ho bisogno di dormire.
8. Avevo bisogno di dormire.
9. Non avevi bisogno del loro aiuto?
10. Non ho mai bisogno dell'aiuto di
nessuno.
@
1. Non c' bisogno che tu lavori tanto (so
hard).
2. Non c' bisogno che ella venga
qui.
8.
9.
10.
465
{
3. Non c' bisogno che tu
Pianga,
4. Non occorre che siano cosi sgarbati.
5. Non occorre che
parliate tanto.
6, Non occorre che tu mi telefoni.
7. Non occorre che egli
parta per Londra,
8. Non occorre che tu cambi vestito.
9. Non c' bisogno che essi ci aspettino.
10. Non c' bisogno che tu diventi furioso.
@
1. Occorre che vada anch'io?
2. Occorre che io rimanga a casa?
3. Occorre che io paghi subito?
4. C' bisogno che venga con le?
5. Non c' bisogno che egli
paghi,
6. Non c'era bisogno che egli
pagasse.
7, Non ci fu bisogno che egli
pagasse.
L Non c' bisogno che glielo diciamo.
9. Non c'era bisogno che
glielo dicessimo.
10. Non ci fu bisogno che
glielo dicessimo.
@
1. Voi siete americani, non vero?
2. Tu hai la (a) macchina, non vero?
3. Tu sai suonare il piano, non vero?
4. Tu pensi che io sia
pazzo, non vero?
5. Ti piacerebbe partire, vero?
6. Tu vieni con noi, vero?
7. Voi avete fame, non vero?
8. Voi vedeste
quel film, non vero?
9. Tu mi comprasti
quel disco, vero?
10. Tu dicesti la verit, non vero?
@
1. Tu non hai sigarette, non vero?
2. Tu non parli francese, non vero?
3. Tu non hai sete, vero?
4. Voi non potete restare, v,ero?
5. John non a casa, vero?
6. andato al cinema, vero?
Uocabulary
to get
tlred
to get
bored
to get
old
to
get
fat
to get
thln
to get
engaged
to get marrled
to get
annoyed
to get
scared
to get
angry
to get better
to get worse
to get lost
to get tanned
to
get
used
to
get
close
7.
8.
9.
10.
Torner alle sette, vero?
Voi non uscirete con (in) questo tempo,
vero?
Non volevate rimanere a casa, vero?
Non avete bisogno di ffi, vero?
a
1 . " Ho bisogno di soldi" "Anch'io"
2. "1o
gsco"
"Anch'io"
3. "Vorrei vedere
quel
film" "Anch'io"
4. "lo preferisco andare a teatro'i
"Anch'io"
5. "Noi vogliamo andare a letto presto"
"Anche noi"
6. "Lizzie non dovrehbe fumare" "Neanche
tu"
7. "A me non
piace quel
vestito"
"Neanche a noi"
8. Voi non partirete,
e nemmeno noi.
9. A me non
piace
leggere, e nemmeno a
lei.
10. Noi non usciremo, e neanche tu.
@
1. "Ho bisogno di cento sterline"
"Dawero?"
2. "Ho visto un cane con una gamba
sola"
"Dawero?"
"Ho visto John in strada" "Dawero?"
"Mio nonno sapeva undici lingue"
"Dawero?"
"Abbiamo vinto cento sterline alle
corse" "Dawero?"
"lo ho sempre'sonno" "Daweto?"
"Non torner a casa stasera"
" Davve ro?"
8. "Alice parla
troppo" "Dawero?"
9. "Sono stanco di questa
vita"
" Davve ro?"
10. "Vorrei una vita diversa" "Dawero?"
3.
4.
5.
^
E'.
7.
stancarsi
annoiarsi
invecchiare
ingrassare
dimagrire
f idanzarsi
sposarsi
seccarsi
spaventarsi
arrabbiarsi
migliorare
peggiorcre
perdersi
abbronzarsi
abituarsi
awicinarsi
to
get
neal
to get lll
to get
well
to
get
late
to get
dark
to get
drunk
to get
dry
to get
wet
to get rlch
to
get
cool
to
get
cold
to
get
warm
to
get ready
to
get
exclted
to
get
nervoug
to
get furlous
awicinarsi
ammalarsi
guarire
venir tardi
farsi buio
ubriacarsi
asciugarsi
bagnarsi
arricchirsi
rinf rescarsi
raff reddarsi
scaldarsi
prepararsi
eccitarsi
innervosirsi
infuriarsi
466
E
Read the
passage below carefully and
the meaning of:
1. to become or to change sfafe
2. to obtain or to buy
3. to go or to come
4. to
persuade
5. in a
pleonastic role
LO\JE AI{D DzuUVII\
Uocabulary
find out in how many instances to
get has been used with
When Adam and Mary got
engaged, they decided to get married in the summer at a little church
near Mary's home. Adam and Mary had met at drama college
'
when they both took part in the
college's annual Shakespeare production. Adam got the
p^art
of Antony and Mary was Cleopatra
in Antony and Cleopatra. Adam
got
down on his knees' and proposed to Mary at the dress
rehearsal.
3
During the performance
of Antony and Cleopatra in front of an audience of the students'
parents, Adam and Mary took every opportunity to get
close to each other and whisper expres-
sions of love, quite apart from the words of Shakespeare's romantic story. During the intervals
and while they were off-stage,
4
they got the- chance to discuss their
plans for the wedding.
Adam would get his brother to be best man,' the reception would be held in a hotel near the
church, and Mary would get
her uncle, a famous musician, to play the organ. Mary explained to
Adam that the church was very small and they could only have about a hundred guests. Adam
said a hundred guests were plenty. They decided that Mary had got to wear a long white dress
and veil. She could
get it from a friend who had got a shop in London.
Soon the interval was over and Adam and Mary got back on stage to complete the drama. lt
was a miracle thery
got
to the end ol the
play without forgetting their lines.
When the curtain came down, the audience applauded loudly. When Adam and Mary had made
their solo curtain calls,
6
the
producer got
the whole cast to come on stage. Then he opened a
bottle of champagne (which he had previously_ got
somebody to go and
get)
and toasted the happy
couple. All the audience clapped their hands
'
loudly. The only exception was Mary's mother, who
had got different ideas for a son-in-law.
performance
[pa'fc:mens]
audience
['c:djans]
chance
[ca:ns]
wedding
['uediq]
reception
lri'sepjanl
organ
['c:gan]
Yeil
[veil]
miracle
['mirekl]
curtain
['ke:tnJ
son-in-law
['snninlc:]
rappresenta-
zione
uditorio
occasione
nozze
ricevimento
organo
velo
miracolo
sipario
genero
to
propose
8
[pra'pauz]
to whisper
['uispa*l
to hold
held held
lhauld
heldl
to complete
[kem'pli:t]
to applaud
[e'plc:d]
to toast
[taust]
previously
['pri:vjasli]
proporre
SUSSU TTATE
tenere
completare
applaudire
brindare
precedentemente
1. dtama collsge
=
scuola di drammaturgia.2. lo
got down on ono'8 knees
[ni:z] =
mettersi in ginoc-
chlo. 3. drees rehearsal
lri'ha:sell =
proV in costume. 4. off-slage
=
tra le
quhte. 5. besl man
=
testimone
(dello sposo). 6. solo curtaln'calls
=
chiamate alla ribalta "a'solo". 7. to GlaP one's hands
=
battre le mani. 8. To ptoposo to somebdy.significa fare domanda di matrimonio, dichiararsi a
qualcuno.
467