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    Organic Light Emitting Diodes - OLED-: What Is An OLED?

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    Alexandru Damoc
    Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are thin, solid-state devices made from organic materials that emit light when electric current is applied. OLEDs combine the properties of plastics, which can be easily shaped, with those of semiconductors. There are two or three organic layers in an OLED including a conducting layer, emissive layer, and sometimes a third layer to help transport electrons. OLEDs can be passive-matrix or active-matrix and come in different types including transparent, top-emitting, and foldable. White OLEDs provide brighter, more energy efficient lighting than fluorescent bulbs.

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    Organic Light Emitting Diodes - OLED-: What Is An OLED?

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    Alexandru Damoc
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    Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are thin, solid-state devices made from organic materials that emit light when electric current is applied. OLEDs combine the properties of plastics, which can be easily shaped, with those of semiconductors. There are two or three organic layers in an OLED including a conducting layer, emissive layer, and sometimes a third layer to help transport electrons. OLEDs can be passive-matrix or active-matrix and come in different types including transparent, top-emitting, and foldable. White OLEDs provide brighter, more energy efficient lighting than fluorescent bulbs.

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    Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are thin, solid-state devices made from organic materials that emit light when electric current is applied. OLEDs combine the properties of plastics, which can be easily shaped, with those of semiconductors. There are two or three organic layers in an OLED including a conducting layer, emissive layer, and sometimes a third layer to help transport electrons. OLEDs can be passive-matrix or active-matrix and come in different types including transparent, top-emitting, and foldable. White OLEDs provide brighter, more energy efficient lighting than fluorescent bulbs.

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    23 views2 pages

    Organic Light Emitting Diodes - OLED-: What Is An OLED?

    Uploaded by

    Alexandru Damoc
    Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are thin, solid-state devices made from organic materials that emit light when electric current is applied. OLEDs combine the properties of plastics, which can be easily shaped, with those of semiconductors. There are two or three organic layers in an OLED including a conducting layer, emissive layer, and sometimes a third layer to help transport electrons. OLEDs can be passive-matrix or active-matrix and come in different types including transparent, top-emitting, and foldable. White OLEDs provide brighter, more energy efficient lighting than fluorescent bulbs.

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    Alexandru Damoc - 411 G 12/14/2013

    Organic Light Emitting Diodes


    -OLED-


    Organic materials are an important new type of semiconductors. They combine the virtues of
    plastics, which can be easily shaped, with those of semiconductors which are the basis of all
    microelectronics. These new materials can be used to make lightweight flexible optoelectronic devices
    such as displays, solar cells and lasers.
    What is an OLED?
    Like a LED, an OLED is a solid-state semiconductor device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or
    about 200 times smaller than a human hair. OLEDs can have either two layers or three layers of organic
    material; in the latter design, the third layer helps transport electrons from the cathode to the emissive
    layer. Because the material itself is emitting colored light (and not filtering out white light to give the
    appearance of color, as is the case with LCDs) the displays appear vibrant, rich, detailed and have excellent
    viewing angle.
    Architecture of OLEDs
    - Substrate - clear plastic, glass, foil (it supports the OLED)
    - Anode (transparent) it removes electrons (adds electron holes) when a current flows through
    the device
    - Organic Layers made of organic molecules or polymers
    - Conducting Layer made of organic molecules that transport the holes from the anode
    - Emissive Layer made of organic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that
    transport electrons from the cathode; this is where the light is made
    - Cathode it injects electrons when a current flows through the device



















    Alexandru Damoc - 411 G 12/14/2013



    Types of OLEDs
    Passive-matrix OLED (PMOLED)
    PMOLEDs have strips of cathode, organic layers and strips of anode. The anode strips are arranged
    perpendicular to the cathode strips. The intersections of the cathode and anode make up the pixels where
    light is emitted. External circuitry applies current to selected strips of anode and cathode, determining
    which pixels get turned on and which pixels remain off. Again, the brightness of each pixel is proportional
    to the amount of applied current.
    Active-matrix OLED (AMOLED)
    AMOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the anode layer overlays a
    thin ilm transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix. The TFT array itself is the circuitry that determines which
    pixels get turned on to form an image.
    Transparent OLED
    Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and anode) and, when
    turned off, are up to 85 percent as transparent as their substrate. When a transparent OLED display is
    turned on, it allows light to pass in both directions. A transparent OLED display can be either active- or
    passive-matrix. This technology can be used for heads-up displays.
    Top-emitting OLED
    Top-emitting OLEDs have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective. They are best suited to
    active-matrix design.
    Foldable OLED
    Foldable OLEDs have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics. Foldable OLEDs are
    very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such as cell phones and PDAs can reduce breakage, a
    major cause for return or repair. Potentially, foldable OLED displays can be attached to fabrics to create
    "smart" clothing, such as outdoor survival clothing with an integrated computer chip, cell phone, GPS
    receiver and OLED display sewn into it.
    White OLED
    White OLEDs emit white light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy efficient than that
    emitted by fluorescent lights. White OLEDs also have the true-color qualities of incandescent lighting.
    Because OLEDs can be made in large sheets, they can replace fluorescent lights that are currently used in
    homes and buildings. Their use could potentially reduce energy costs for lighting.

    References:
    http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled.htm
    http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/physics/osc/oleds.shtml
    http://www.docslide.com/oled-organic-light-emitting-diode/#chitika_close_button
    http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/OLED.html
    Mohammad Javad Sharifi & Farzad Ahmadi Gooraji, Journal of Organic Semiconductors Vol. 1,
    Taylor & Francis, 2013
    Various authors, Chemical Reviews Vol. 107 No. 4, Mines, 2007

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