BIMR COLLEGE OF

PROFETIONAL STUDES




FILE ON :-
INTERODUCTION TO INTERNET TECHOLOGIES



SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Devesh Upadhyay MONIKA SHRIVASTAVA
BCA 4
th
SEM

Q 1. What is Internet? Write its features.
ANS.Internet:-
The internet is a global network of network enabling computers of all kinds to
directly and transparently communicate and share services throughout the world. In
other words, it can also be side that, the internet is a network of networks that
connect computers all over the world. The internet has its root in the U.S. military,
which founded a network in 1969, called the ARPANET. As more and more
computers were connected the ARPANET was replaced by the NSFNET, which
was run by National Science Foundation (NSF).Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
began offering dial-up internet accounts for a monthly fee, giving users access to e-
mail, discussion groups, and file transfer.
Features of Internet: -
The features of internet are as follows.
1. It has no central control body.
2. It is fully capable of handling an increase in the number of users and an
increases in the volume of traffic.
3. It does not determine the profile of the user.
4. The backbone network that make up the internet are ownedand managed by
private companies.
5. TCP/IP is standard protocol suite for internet.
6. Private companies often share physical line and often lease lines from
regional telcos.









Q 2. What is E-mail? Explain its object.
ANS. E-mail:-
Electronic mail, most commonly referred to as email or e-
mail since ca. 1993 is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to
one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or
other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and
the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging.
Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email
servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their
computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect only
briefly, typically to a mail server, for as long as it takes to send or receive
messages.
An Internet email message consists of three components, the message envelope,
the message header, and the message body. The message header contains control
information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more
recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject
header field and a message submission date/time stamp.
Email is an information and communications technology. It uses technology to
communicate a digital message over the Internet. Users use email differently,
based on how they think about it. There are many software platforms available to
send and receive. Popular email platforms include Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail,
Outlook, and many others.
Objects of e-mail:-
An email message consists of the following general components:
Headers
The message headers contain information concerning the sender and recipients.
The exact content of mail headers can vary depending on the email system that
generated the message. Generally, headers contain the following information:
Subject. Subject is a description of the topic of the message and displays in
most email systems that list email messages individually. A subject line
could be something like "2007 company mission statement" or, if your spam
filtering application is too lenient, "Lose weight fast!!! Ask me how."
Sender (From). This is the senders Internet email address. It is usually
presumed to be the same as the Reply-to address, unless a different one is
provided.
Date and time received (On). The time the message was received.
Reply-to. This is the Internet email address that will become the recipient of
your reply if you click the Reply button.
Recipient (To:). First/last name of email recipient, as configured by the
sender.
Recipient email address. The Internet mail address of the recipient, or
where the message was actually sent.
Body
The body of a message contains text that is the actual content, such as "Employees
who are eligible for the new health care program should contact their supervisors
by next Friday if they want to switch." The message body also may include
signatures or automatically generated text that is inserted by the sender's email
system.
Attachments
Attachments are optional and include any separate files that may be part of the
message.

















Q 3. What is HTML? Write its basic tags.
ANS.HTML:-
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the standard markup language used to
create web pages.
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed
in angle brackets (like<html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs
like<h1> and</h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are
unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second
tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
A web browser can read HTML files and compose them into visible or audible
web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to
interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a
website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup
language rather than a programming language.
HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images
and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive It provides a
means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text
such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can
embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of
HTML web pages.
HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

HTML Tags:-
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags.
HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like
<html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The end tag is written like the start tag, with a slash before the tag name
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
1. Heading tag:-
The <h1> to <h6> tags are used to define HTML headings.<h1> defines the most
important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
</body>
</html>
Output:-


2. Paragraph tag:-
The <p> tag defines a paragraph.
<html>
<body>
<p>My firstparagraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:-

3. Link tag:-
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to
another. The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute,
which indicates the link's destination.
<htm0l>
<body>
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">VisitW3Schools.com!</a></body>
</html>
Output:-

4. Image tag:-
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.The <img>
tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no
closing tag.
<html>
<body>
<imgsrc="8.gif" alt="Smiley face" width="200" height="200"> </body>
</html>

5. Table tag:-
The <table> tag defines an HTML table. An HTML table
consists of the <table> element and one or more <tr>, <th>,
and <td> elements. The <tr> element defines a table row, the <th> element
defines a table header, and the <td> element defines a table cell.
<html>
<body> <table
border="2" cellspecing="2" cellpading="4"> <tr>
<th>Month</th>
<th>Savings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>$100</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Output:-






6. Font tag:-
The <font> tag is not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. The
<font> tag specifies the font face, font size, and color of text.
<html>
<body>
<font size="3" color="red">This is some text!</font>
<font size="2" color="blue">This is some text!</font>
<font face="verdana" color="green">This is some text!</font></body>
</html>
Output:-


7. Break tag:-
The <br> tag inserts a single line break. The <br> tag is an empty tag which
means that it has no end tag.
<html>
<body>
<p>
To break lines<br>in a text,<br>use the br element.
</p>
</body>
</html>


Output:-




8. Body tag:-
The <body> tag defines the document's body. The <body> element contains
all the contents of an HTML document, such as text, hyperlinks, images,
tables, lists, etc.
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
The content of the document......
</body>
</html>
Output:-


9. Center tag:-
The <center> tag is used to center-align text.
<html>
<body>
<p>This is some text.</p>
<center>This text will be center-aligned.</center>
<p>This is some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:-



10. Title tag:-
The <title> tag is required in all HTML documents and it defines
the title of the document.
<html>
<title>Title of the document</title>
<body>
The content of the document......
</body>
</html>
Output:-


Q 4. Write a program to create a table in HTML.
ANS. Program to create a table are as follow:- <html>
<body>
<table border ="2" cellspecing
="2" cellpading ="4"> <tr>
<th>Name</th><th>Mothe name</th><th>Father
name</th><th>Class</th><th>p\Phone</th>
</tr><tr><td>Monika</td><td>Rakesh</td><td>Savitri</td><td>
B.C.A</td><td> 9039...</td></tr><tr><td>pooja</td><td>radha</td><td>
Ramesh</td><td>
B.C.A</td><td>8871...</td></tr><tr><td>Kanika</td><td>Meena</td><td>Ramk
umar</td><td> B.C.A</td><td>8982...</td></tr></table></body></html>

Output:-














Q 5. What is image and hyperlink?
ANS. Image:-
An image that appears within the body of a webpage. Most graphical web
browsers can display bothGIF and JPG images inline. The webbrowser may giveth
e user an option to turn off inline images, to speedup the display of web pages.
An inline image is a graphic image that is inserted into a web page to add visual
appeal, provide information or to represent a hyperlink. Inline images are usually
in GIF, JPEG or PNG formats. They are incorporated into a web page using the
data URI scheme.
HTML inline images are sourced from the server of the website in which they are
to be displayed, or included from other external servers. Using inline images from
external sources is a matter of contention as this can be done without permission.
The img tag is used to insert inline images into paragraphs and headings in the web
page. The img tag cannot be used in a free-floating form. It has to be enclosed
inside another element.
The required attribute of the img tag is the src attribute. The src attribute specifies
the web address or URL from which the browser can retrieve the image file. Apart
from the src attribute, HTML inline images can be defined by three optional
attributes. These are alt, align and is map.
The alt attribute provides an inline image text alternative. So, in case the viewer's
browser does not support graphics, the viewer will see the text in place of the
image. Using the alt attribute is highly recommended.
The alt attribute value can be an empty string. For example, if there is a decorative
image, it is not necessary to provide alternative text for it. Therefore, the alt
attribute value can be left blank.
The inline image style can be set with the align attribute. The align attribute tells
the browser where the inline image must appear in relation to the text on the web
page. The inline image can be aligned with the top, middle or bottom of the
adjacent text on the web page.

Hyperlink:-
Alternatively referred to as a link, a hyperlink is an icon, graphic, or text in a
document that links to another file or object. The World Wide Web is comprised of
hyperlinks linking trillions of pages and files to one another. For example, click
here for Computer Hope is a hyperlink to the main page of Computer Hope.
To create the above hyperlink, type the below code in their HTML document.
<a href="http://www.computerhope.com/">click here for Computer Hope</a>
It always begins as <a href=. This is followed by the uniform resource locator
(URL), that is, the webpage address that you want the link to take the web surfer
to. The URL is surrounded by quotation marks. Next, comes another >, then the
word that serves as the hyperlink and finally, </a>.
A more complicated link can take one to a specific place in a document. It can
either be text or graphic. It may also be a blank area on a screen that performs
functions when one clicks on it. There are numerous uses for the hyperlink, and
constantly more being discovered.
Sometimes the use of a hyperlink may be disputed. Some companies do not wish to
have unauthorized websites link to them, which might imply a relationship that
does not exist. There have been a few countries where using a hyperlink has
become a matter of law.
As well, some have questioned the use of hyperlinks which might lead to illegal
material, or to a website linking to illegal material. This has been a concern upon
those attempting to eliminate child pornography from the Internet.
Since most courts have made no final decisions on the use of the hyperlink, it is
best to investigate all links on a page, and to ask permission of a site owner before
using a hyperlink. This may be ultimately ruled as copyright infringement. At the
very least, without stated permission, it is considered poor Internet etiquette to
hyperlink to another person's document or web page.